(Oikos 0 page 235 fr defntons block (v, n) fabric (n) mineral (n) ‘squash (v, a) brittle (ai) firm (ad) mould (vn) squeeze (v,n) chip (v, n) flake (v, n) opaque (adj) ‘stack (v, n) compact (v, adj) fragile (adj) pat (v, a) | stiff (ad) concentrate (v) friction (n) pile (v, n) stroke (v, n) crack (v, n) grain (n) polish (v, n) stuff (v, n) ‘crumb (n) gravity (n) ‘scratch (v, n) | substance (n) crush (y, sind (v scrub (v, 1) | synthetic (ad) dense (adj) hollow (adj). ‘smash (v) tear (v, 9) dlute Wy, ad) liquid, ad) sold (n, a) textue (n) dissolve (v) lump (v, n) ‘speck (n) transparent (adj) ne se page 236 fr defnitons built-up (adj) dwell (v) infrastructure (n) | skyscraper (n) bypass (v, n) estate (n) inner city (n phir) ‘structure (n) construct (v) evict (v) ‘occupy (v) | Suburban (adj) demolish ) highrise (aa) populated (ac) surroundings BD district (n) housing (n) ‘skyline (n) urban (adj) board up cover a window or door with wooden boards | put in fix something such as equipment in the place close up lock the doors of a building or business Tore 0 Ciel en Ee occa come out be removed from something such as clothing or | put together make something by joining all its parts; produce cloth by washing or rubbing; have a particular or organize something using many diferent result or end in a particular way things; choose people or things to form a team ‘or group cut out remove something from a lager piece by i cutting; stop eating something or doing Put up «(build something suctfas a wall, fence Or house; something, especially because it is bad for let someone stay in your house your health setup bulla strucufe or putt ina particuiar place; fi ‘ a . i make a piece of equipment ready for use ixup clean, repair or decorate something ra knock/pull/ destroy a building or wall ‘frormne another so that they cover a large area) tear down take down separate a large structure into pieces; write pile up if something piles up or someone pilesit up, the| (Gowminformanor or a statement amount of it increases a lot water down add water to @ drink or liquid in order to make it Tess strong, dite; make something such as 2 prop up stop something from falling by puting seenenemaememenmtninbmatiaat.: something under it or against it help a Fone oe : government, system, organisation, etc continue 7" : i wear down make something gradually disappear or becomel Ts spel by roc thier by using or rubbing i make someone ‘gradually lose their energy or confidence: Phrases, patterns and collocations bend bend sth into (shape/a circle/etc), (go) round the bend, | (brick bricks and mortar, brick wally bricklayer sharp tight bend erect erect (a)statue/monument/ete) to,sb, stand erect, block block sb’s way, block of flats, apartment block, | erect posture | high-rise block, mental/writer’s blockCRM eeu eel eta floor take/have the floor, ground tirst/etc floor, floor show, floor plan, floorboard fold fold sth in halftwo, fold sth neatly/carefl, fold flat, fold your arms foundation lay the foundations of, have no foundation, without foundation, foundation course, foundation stone house move house, on the house, housework, housekeeping, housekeeper, housewife, houseproud ‘mark mark sth with/on, leave a mark on, burn/scratch/etc ‘mark, the halfway mark, be quick/slow off the mark, hit/ miss the mark ‘material material goods/possessions, material rewards, ‘material resources, raw material(s) ‘matter a matter of, in a matter of (days, ete), no matter hhow, no matter what, to make matters worse, as a ‘matter of fact/course/urgency, a matter of opinion, subject matter ‘metal precious metal, metal detector | shape shape sth into, take the shape of, take shape, in / out of shape, all shapes and sizes sharp keep a sharp eye on, sharp rise/increase/drop fal, sharp criticism, have a sharp tongue smooth smooth the way for, smoath-taking, smooth saling, smooth operator | surface on the surface, beneath/under the surface, surface area, kitchen surface | table set/clear/ay the tabe, table a proposal/etc, on the | table, table manners, timetable tough get tough with, tough on, tough luck, tough lve, tough guy town town planning, the town of, the outskits/edge of town, | town centre | window window shooing, window dressing, ovo the window, a window or/onto/into home from home blot on the landscay commuter belt conerete jungle home sweet home in the sticks make yourself at home on the street on the town satelite town in an area far from the town or city with no place to lve 2 place where you feel as relaxed as you do in your own home something that makes a place look less attractive, for example af ugly building area surrounding a large city where many people who work inthat city ive Unpleasant part ofa cty where there are alot of ugly buildings close together Used for saying that you are happy to be back in your-6wn home feel relaxed and behave in the same way as you do in your own home. spending the evening enjoying yourset in bars, clubs, theatres/@te town or city that is close to and depends on a larger city analyse analysis, analyst, analytic(al), analytically architect architecture, architecturally) dense density, densely house housing, householder), houseful inhabit inhabitant, habitat, habitation, habitable, (unjinhabitable, (uninhabited ‘manufacture manufacturer, manufacturing material ‘materialise, materialism, materialistic, immaterial, materially metal metalic, metallurgy object objective, objection, objectivity, objector, (unjobjectionable, objectively repair repairman/men, repaiter, reparation, repairable, itreparable, ireparably fesiderce, residency, resident, residing, residentially) rigidity, rigidly ‘surround, surroundings, roundness, roundabout, surrounding, roundly shelve, shelves, shelving slippage, slippery Soften) softener, softly soli, soiity ‘spacing, spaciousness, spaciousti) ‘infrastructure, structurally), (unlstructured substantiate, substantiation, unsubstantiated, insubstantial)