viET-NAM CONG-HOA CHE-BO TU'-PHAP Toue Bj TU - PuAPEZ et me abu QUYEN séch nay theo logi cia né khéng cS tham vong nghién-ciu khGée-chigt nén Tu-Phép Vigt-Nam. Tuy nhién, qua c&c chuong 10 Il téi VIIl doc gid &t $8 cé dugc nhang § nigm chinh xSc v8 dai-cuong tB chéc Tu-Phép Quéc-Gia hién-tai v6i ec thi-tyc t8 tyng hinh, h6. Chuong d8u va hai chuong chét danh luge din lich sir n&n Tu-Phdp VietNam vao thai can-dgi, va trinh-bay dai lugc nhang tri8n-vong tuong- lai boi sy chuyBn.huéng manh-ligt hignetai, Bién soan vao lic nude nha vita bude sang mot gisi-doan méi_ ma man mét ky nguyén day hia hen cho dén-t6c. ching t8i mong. trong lanh-vyc Tu-Phép, quy8n sich Sé_n6i lan nhang cB g8ng khdng ngiing cia toan th8 chic lugt-gia va nh8n-vien Tu-Phép 48 canh.tan hoat-ddng Tda-én hBu dap Gng voi nhiirg nhu-cBu kbBn-thiét cba xb-sd- Nhang c3._ ging ay cdn nh3m gép phiin x8y dyng tinh.thin trong-phép trong dan ching. vi yéu-té tinh thin r&t [a thigt-yéu cho sy trudng-tdn va lon manh cba chanh-.h3 dan-chés ty-do trong thdi ky tao lap. Ty trréc dén nay, cdc hé-thdng phép-luat tai Viét-Nam déu do giai-c8p chuy€n ché hay ngoai-bang thing: tri d3t ra. myc dich 181 hgu la dB kim-sost va cai tri hon la d& bao dam, bénh wye va che ché. Vi khéng 6 sy tham-gia cla ngudi dan, cho nén khé m3 duge ngudi dén chip nhgn, noi chi duge sy tin-tudng cba ho. Nay dén Idec phdi danh cho lugt-phdp mét die-vj siéu-ding d8 thiét lap nén dan-chi phdp tr. Mudn duge dia-vi Sy, hé-théng lugt-phép phdi do dan va vi dan, ding theo nhang nguyén-ly cia b’n Tan Hign-Phap. Thyc-hign duge ché-d8 d&n-chi ch8n-chinh, véi sy nhigt-thanh Ong tic cda ngudi dan, thi méi n&m chdc va cing cS duge nhtng chién-thing quan-sy trén chién-truéng. Nhugc bang khong, sé kh6 mad duy-irl nhang thing-Igi dy Ngay trong viéc xay-dyng d&n-chi, nude Viet-Nam sau dénhj thé chién, vita thoSt vang ngogi thude lai phai duong dBu véi sy xam-luge cua Céng-San. mét_chi-nghia_ tam vd, mot chinh-s&ch d6cetai, mot chi truong nd-le-héa con ngudie Ta long déy Thdi- Binh-Duong, ngon thiy-tritu da bing day, do-at dgp vo bd Viet-Nam, lay chuyén céc nude trong ving va todn thB thé.gidi tyedo.That vay. Cong San da phét-dong givi-c3p dSutranh duéi hinh thée gidi- phéng nhan-dan ; bst chip lugt-le quéc-t@ va nhan.quyén cBn-b’n, ding quan- di t&n.cdng min Nam ty-do, ding khing-b& d& hiy logi ty.do tu-tuéng va ty- do §-chi ma ching muu toan thay thé bdi mét ¥-thir tap-th® mot chibu. dB gid tao uy-thé, gay hi&m-hoa chung cho céc nuéc & ThéieBinh-Duong vi nén hda-binh eda nhan-logi. Kh3p thé.giéi dang dic-biét cha 4 theo dai chién-sy Vig duc mién Nam ty-do, lin séng dd s@ lan réng kh&p ving Thai Binh.Duong, gieo tan-khdc cho loai ngudi. Th8-Gidi Ty-Do cdn mong tim noi kinh-aghiem tai Viet.Nam mét gidi-phip khd-di déi phd voi Céng-S3n trén moi mt tran khac, Nhang lo 4u chung cia eéc nude ddng-minh nhing hy-sinh Ion lao cia cdc nuéc ban nhgn chu da gidp cho Mién Nam ngin chan céc cudc 18n cong v8 m3t quan.sy cla Céng- San. Nhung vén-dé 1a duy-tri mot trat-ty ving - b8n tran cin- bin lugt- php. trong sy ton -trong ty-do va §- chi cia nhan-dan. Chéng ta phai nhda manh vé hai cho « TU-DO », vi phdi 6 ty-do, nhan-dan méi phét-bi8u dug §-chi cla minh, khéng thi nguyén-tdc ty quyét chi la mot bi’u-nga d& Céng-Sin déc-tai tim noi dé mot binh-phong che day mot sy hity-digt hoan toan kha-n3ng suy-do’n va quyén lya chon cla con ngudi- Ching tdi mong quyén sich nay sé thyc-hién duge nhip-cdu théng cdm véi c4c lugt-gia yeu chudng ty-do. v8 qua nhang sy trao dBi tailigu. y-kién duéi moi hinh-thirc. cing rat tia noi kinh-nghigm cia cae nu&e ban, nén tu-phdp Viet-Nam s8 duge bi d’p ngay them ddi-dao, phong-phd, va tién-tri8n theo nhip cua sy tién-bd chung cia c6ng-ding th6-gidi- Bén trong, mudn x8y-dyng mdt trat-ty vang-b8n cho x8-hdi, luat-ph4p Bn nhdm vao ba myc-tigu, thir nhGt 18 céng-bang xa-hdi d8 tgo didu-kign déng déu cho moi ngudi phét-huy mhan-pham, thir nhi la §-chi chung cua nhan-din ma luat-ph4p phai thé-hign qua mot ché-d6 ty-do dan.chi chan-chinh, va sau cing la mot nén tu-phép thich-hgp 48 cho lugt nude duge tOn-trong. Ban ngoai, sy théng-cdm 18 ddu méi cho sy ding tinh vé quan-dibm’ vé chi.treong 4i&n-héa ding nhjp dé th8t ch3t mdi tuong-quan va sy dodn-két gida cic nuéc h3u hda-hyp hanh-dong, dic-biét trong lanh vyc lugt-phép, nhBm thyc-hién v3 ciing-c5 ‘nén hda-binh vinh ciru ch8ng riéng cho Vigt-Nam, ma chung cho thé-gidi. Hda.binh phai la m@t nén hda-binh béi lugt-phép trong sy ty-do cho khong phai béi vd-lyc trong sy nd-lé-héa con ngwai. : Saigon, ngdy 15 thang Sndm 1967 Téng Uy-Vien Tu-Phép TRAN - MINH - TIETQUY VI TONG-TRUGNG BA BIEU-KHIEN NGANH TU-PHAP to ngay Viét-Nam thu hdi ché-quyén Tu-Phap dén naycae 1902 tai Gd-cbng, Tir tra thing 5 aim 1962 Saah ogdy t tei Saigon. Tida-ST Lugt-Khoa. Ngayéo Thi-Lioh Luat-Su Boks Toa Thugng.Th3m Saigon. ‘TOag-Tredog Tu-Phap tir thing 4 déa thing 6 aim 1952, Bi chi (3 va gido-di-béa thi tue xio 4a thf.vi kh: Ong 45 viét 1 + La tradition de ta magistratare a #1é de donner partout exemple de ta tenue, de ta conduite et de la moralité. Cette belle tradition doit étre ta ligne de conduite de tous les magistrats qui ne doivent pas perdre de vue tout le prix que j'attache & la dignité de leur vie privée » (1952) va xukt dda tap-san «Phap-Ludty (1956-1957, BE dE ra phueng-chim sau day d ap-dung trong pginh TwPbap + « Céng-binh tanh 18t & dvi, V6 tr, lidm-khidt thi Troi a6 ta» bon cdch td.ebirc tu- pbap tai Trung i34e. Tait vay, duge 4p-dung nguyén-t&e phaa cong vé binb- sw gifta ba ce-quan : truy-!6, thim.ctra va phan-xir trong nO! bo ph4p-dioh tir {da so-tham tré lén va uguyén-téc ph&n-quy@a banb-cbéoh va lw-phap (c6 ngach thim-phan ri¢ag-biét). Ngodi ra cliag dugc tén-trong quyén hién- hécia trang-se, Tuy ohién, vi thigu ngudi chuyén-mé1 va vi 36 vu tho-ly it-oi, cé mot s6 toa-dn nhy (31 boa-gial roag-quy@a va toa-da cdng-str (tribunaux résideaticls) thigt-lap khong theo ding cdc aguyéa-téc néu &trén. Tal (oa hda-gidl roag-quyéo, vids tray-td, tha n-siru va phin-xit ({p-truag vho tay cba ch4nb-4n dage phy-té obiéa kb! béimét thim-phan dy-khuyét. Con toa- an cOng-sé (tribonaux résidentiels), dit ngoai quar-hat tda-da thud: hé-thdng tu-phap thuéng, duge td-chirc taong-t téa Nam-Aa, nghia la chil-toa boi ebog-sit hogc pho cong.sir du [a vién-chirc banh-chaub. Céc thim.cp tal-phan gdm c6: ~- Toa Hoa-giai thuéng, — Toa Hoa-gidi Roog.quyén (gdm cé tda-du cong-stt), — Toa Thugng-thin, — Toa Bej-binh. Tada Haa.Giai thing C6 hai hang tda hoa-gidi thudng ; Toa bda-gidl do mOt thin-phén Phap chi-toa vd toa hda-gidi do mot thim-pbén Vigt-Nam diéu-khign. Ton hoa-giai chi-toa bdi ngwoi Phdp cé ba toa: mot & Saigon, mot & Ha-Ngi va mgt & Hai-phoog, Ngdi ghé cong-t6.vidn lA mot viém cAnb-s4t-tradng. Toa niy xét xit v8 hiab cds ti vi-cdoh, v8 hé thwong cdc vu tranb- chip vé doog.sn va déi nbaa theo giamuc quy-dinh, Toa hda.gidi di8u-kbidn bel ngudi Viet-Nam thi€t.l4p do Nghi.dinh toan- quytn ngay 5-7-1928 eb chéab.thite hoat dong tei Ca-Mau, Gd-Cong, Sa.déc, Tay-Nioh va Thi-ddu-Mot. Ban caoh khong ¢6 cbag.t6-vien, Thim-quyéa trong-tr véi toa hba-gidi Padp song chi déi voi ngudi bdi-qubc va ogi ddug-hoe. 16Toa Hoa-Gidi Réng-Quyan (gdm 6 tda-dn cOng-str) © Nam cé 3 (da héa-gidi rong-quytn nfm trong quan-hat toa thirgng- thio Saigon ; toa Ba-Ria col lu6n Véng-Tau, toa Bién-Hoa quan het gdm 2 tinh Bitn-Hda va Thi-ddu.M6e, va toa Tay-Niob. © B&c va Trung, c6 2 toa héa.giai rdog-quyén ; mot & Nam-Dinh quaén- bat gdm 3 tinh Nam-Djnh, Théi-Blah va Hi-Nam ; mot & Vinb quan-het gom 3 tink ; Thanh-Héa, Ngh¢-An, Hi-Tiob. Hai toa oly d&t trong quan. hat téa thogng-thiim Ha-NO}. Thaoh phin don-gika nbu di giai bay & trade. Toa niy xét-xir v8 binh cée khioh-ti (ti@u-hiah) va v2 bd, thong, c&c vu tranh-chip vé déng-san va déi mhan, luén ve b&t ddog-san. Ngoai quan bat toa hde-gidi roag-quyén, ede tinh |y d&u cé tha-an cong. sir hog!-dong nh da gldi-thieh & truéc. Toda So-Tham Thuge so-cKp nhur toa hoa-gidi roag.quyén song tb-chérc theo ddeg nguyén- the phan-nbiém : Vide troy-t8 phu-trach béi dgi-di¢n céng-td-vién 1a biga-ly va phé bigo-ly, Viéc thim-ciru giao phé cho du-thim, Viée phan-xir do chanb-4n wa thim-pbaa. C6 3 hang tda ao-thim ; toa so-thim hgng-nbét dat tel Saigon, Ha-Ngi va Hai-Phong. ‘Toa so-thim beng-nhi dgt {gl Da-Niiog, M¥.Tho, Vioh-Long, Cin-Tho. Toa so-thim heog-ba dat tai BEn-Tre, Tra-Vinh, Cbau-Béc, Long-Xuyén, Rach-Gid, S&c.Tring, Bac.-Liéu. Thim-quyén cae toa nay fo-diob nhw cdc toa hor-gidl roag-quyéa, Téa Thugng-Thim Tb-chirc do shc-lénh nghy 19.5-1919, 16a thugng-thim dit tei Saigon va Ha-NOi, Vite truy-t6 do eéng-t3-rién hay vin chwéng-ly, ebi-huy béi chirdag- ly €6 cdc phé chwdng-ly va tham-ly phu.té. Ban phan xi gdm e6 chanb-nbitt, cdc ch4nh-4n phong va bO!-thim. Chie ra phoog khang.cio bo thaong va pténg kbang-céo titu-biok, Proog ho thong chi-toa béiehanb-abtt, hay chéob-an phong, dage, phy-té béi hai boi- thi, Phong binh dim-trach béi 1 chanh-an phdog chi-toa vi bai boi-thim ngdi ghé phu-thAm WwNgoai ra cd phong ludn-t! gdm 3 thim-pham Ja eo-quan thim-ciru dé- hi cdp, tuyén ao-linh diva hing vu trony-toi ra foa dgi-biob, chung-thim vé oy khdog-clo ehdng cde an-linh cia phoug di-thim toa so-clfp. PEoog lugn-t0i nhém hop kin, cXo-cir trén gify to bd-so. Che phéng kbapg-cfo x¢t-xir cOng-khaj, theo phién nhém ¢6 dinb-ky. Ax-vin tuyén béi cae phong khang-cdo d@u c6 tht thigng-18 lén 16a pha-dn Ph4p & Paris, tr do-vin etia phong-whi tea thugng-thia Ha-NOi chnog-thim vé c4c phdo-quy€t cla 16a Nam-4n & Bic. Toa Dai-Hinh Thanb.lap trén nguyén-tKe duy-ohae cXp-thim, toe dai-bioh hoi ohém tei phap-diob lugt-dinh (iy quiin-bet, theo dinh-ky ba thang mot pbién, mdi phién nbigu ngay. Tda nay gdm cé ch4oh-thim, hai h6f-inim tea thugng thim, va hai pbu-thtm nban-dan duge ya chon theo cach rat thim trong danh-sdéch cée nhan-si do nha chitc-trach dia-phuong hing nam |ép ra. Toa ndy chuyén xét edc ti dai-hinb, An-vin chung-qoy€t cé thé thugng-16 lén toa phd-an Phap & Paris. Trai voi thi-tuc hd, thuong, sir thugng-t6 chéng an.vin binb-se co pi¢u-hre dinh-ebi sir thi-hanb, Theo quy-ch€, cde tda-in Phép kb & trén déa d&t dedi quyén kiém. soat vé mit banb.chinb va ky-Ingt cba chudng-ly giam-ddc s¢ tu-phap Bong. Drrong thudc Pha Toan.Quyén, B.— LUAT.PHAP AP.DYNG TRONG KHOANG 1884-1945 Do sy ti€p-xue voi vin-minb La-Hy, lngt-l¢ Vi¢t-Nam mi phé.chi hinh- Phat tro-di tam thc (giét ch€t, ngoai bi.cko ra, thac-nban bén noi, ben ngosi va bén vo) khi pham tof phdn-quéc, thi chia vi trugng-eian (dann bang thanh tre) kbi vi-pham binh-logt boxe nO-iugt ; ap-duag nguyén.tac phan losi hinb, bO ; cé.nhan-héa (Oj-trang va hinb-pbgt ; 10m !9i kbai-phong ehé-do ty-phap cBt9 va qué ngbiém-kbe mhtrt la & thuge-dia va nhugng- die, bing cach ph&o-obigm gia hing thia-phan trong o6i-bd Pbap.dinh, khodng-dat-hoa lugt-i¢ ch€.d¢ Jao.ti. . ‘Trai Jal ehand.quyta Padp phire-tg, ‘o=tep-héa nan phaép.ché nagc Nem bi céch teo ra cho mdi dia. 16 ri i 2 cigiakeee aa Tae -phireog ludt-1¢ ri¢ag-bi¢t, voi muc-dich chia r& valam 18Duét day la lugt-l¢ ap-dung true toa.én cia mdi dia-phuong : o& NAM Db vai ngudi bin-quéc va ding.héa : sf V@ Hiab, ¢6 bd ffinb-f.ugt Canb-Cil ban-haab ngay 31-12-1912, va bd Hiah-Sy T6-Tung Phap. b/ V2 ho, throng, 6 gp Hi-Lai! G.dn- én 1883) leat Gia-Long (phan cha bi ph€-chi) lodt Hday-Dirc co gid-tri tne-lé wa khi can, bO110-Iugt, Thucag.lust Phap, bd Ho.Str T6.Tung ban.bd ngay 16-3.1910. BEi voi ngudi Phap va dbng-héa ; 1) Ve hinh, e6 bO Hinb.Luat va bO Hinh-Ser TS-Tyng Phap. 2) VE bd, thirong, ed bd HO-luat, bd Thuong.tuat; bd Ho-Sp¢ T6-Tuog Phap & Bic Déi voi ngwéi bén-quéc vd ddng-héa : RK ty 1-11-1918 c6 4 b6 logt ke sau day : — Bic-ky phap-vién biéa-ché. — Dan-av, Thwong-sy (6-tung. . — Hinb-se td-tyng. — Hinh-luat, Riéog v2 hé, treée 1931, cde ton dp-dung luat Gia.Long. K8 ty 30-3-1931, ban-banh bd Hé-luét méi, Dbi voi ngudi Phdp vd dng-héa : Toa.tn Phap dp-dung céc bO luat Hinh, Hé, Throng ciia Phip-qu&e, & TRUNG D6i vei ngwei bin-quéc va déng-héa : V2 binb, nim 1933 ban-bash bo Hoang. Viet Hinb-lugt (thay th€ bd loat Gia-Long). BO Hinh.sw t8-tung ra doi nim 1935, VE hO, ngay 13-7-1936, ban-hanh bo Hé-lugt. Nam 1935 ban-b6 bd HO, Thuong t5-tung. Dbi voi nguoi Phép od ddng-héa : Toe-dn Php ap-dung cdc bg luge Hin, HO, Thuong cia Phap-quéc. 19Che bd nat mdi Truag Bic c6 bd-cuc phan-minh va ngi-dung diy-di, cé thé dem so.sinh voi ede bd tuat cia xt tio-bo boa. Béla két-quaé cha sr 2 Pt dp. Chi bigm sur t-chirc tda Nam- king co sur phan-biét bdo-bdi gifa ngioh banb- ia kaony co ngach riéng thim-phan va cing khdng e6 sir paén-nbidm trong 101 ho phip-diah v8 sy truy-t6, thim-ciru wa phao-xir, (af c& dtu (io trung vao fay mot vien.chire, 1. THOLKY PHUC.HU'NG (tir 1945 vé sau) ThO!-.i nay c6 thé chia lam 2 giai-doga : e150 doan choytn-h€p dcav tin-tg0 (ir 1 a) Cea 0 vé san, Giai-doan chuyén-ti€p 1945 — 1950 : A.— Té-chirc Nedy 9-3-1945 quan Nbgt Wt-43 chinh-quy8a thue-din ditu.kbida béd thiy-su dé-déc Decoux giir chirc-va Toaa-quyén cai-tri Bong-Duong, Nban co-hOi nay, vne Béo-Daj, hoang-dé chot nha Ngoyéo, thau-bdi chi.quyén quéc-gia Viét-Nam tir Bac ch! Nam, Chdab-pbii doc-lépdiin tién ra dei tal ¢d- d6 Hu€ dedi quyén quan-sudt eka nba chi-si B&e-Ha Tran-trong-Kim, Tdng- dBc Phan-k€.Toai 6 Bac dugo cir/am khAm-sai tai Ha-NQi. Chi-si Nguyéa-vin. Sam 6 Nam digs phong Kham.sai tai Saigon. Ngay 22-8-1945, vaa Bio-Bai thodi. Hi apelye manh-mé cha Chéoh-phit ty xung cdch-mang cam dau bét Coog ding « VietNam d6c.lgp ddag-minh > (Viétminh) va thaoh 1p tai Ha-Noi dwdi quyé@n chi-dgo cia eht-lich H6-Chi- Minh. GO Thia-Thién va Saigon thiét-lap Uy.Ban Nb&n-dan Chap-banob Trung-b$, Nam-b$. Ngay 23-9.1945, quan Phap t4i chim Saigon va lin-lng! cde tinh Nam-ky, ké Hoé va obidu thi-trdo Troog-ky. Sau rét ngay 19-12,1946, ch4ab-quyéo ‘Vi¢t-Minb bi quao Phép dénb bat ra khdi Ha-Ngi, Sau do Hai-Phong va cis thi-trfin kbc bi t4!-chiém béi quan Phap. Ngay 1-6.1916, thanb-lép tai Saigon, chéoh-phir Jam-thoi Nam-ky Cong- hda ditu-khita boi bic-sT Nguyéa-véa-Thinb. Ho!-d3ng chdp-ch4ob lam-thai Truog-wy ra déi tei Hu€ ngay 12.4-1917. Hol-dOng eb&p-ch4nk lam-thoi Béc-ky thidt-lap tai Ha-Noingay 10.3-1948, Ngay 23-5-1918 thiob-lap tal Saigon chdnh-phi truag-woog 14m-thdi Vigt-Nam daéi quyén chi-huy cla thibu-twong Nguyén-vaa-Xnao. 20Sau khi fli¢p-dinh Viél-pbhap ky ngay 8-3-1919, cun-hoang Blo-Dal tre v8 paoe linh-dgo voi tir-24:h Quoc-Trudng. Trong khotng tr ngay 0- Phap bi quia Nuzet lat dd u boat-dong chita Du st 4 VietNam, & 4s th 1955, (oa Nam-an dirge tam td- : toa asp i-lap tai Saigon, va it tinh nh My-Tno, Viob-l.oug, Cia-Tho, Bac-Lieu, Tra-Vinh. Sau 46 toa Podp xudt-bign Jal & Ba-N&og, Nba.Trang (Trung-ky), Ha-Noi vi Hai-Phong (Bae- k}), trong khi cde toa Naw-do tal-thiét theo pbdp-ché xa tai Hot, Ha-Ndi va vii ba thj-irén khac tel Trung, Bac, B.— Luat-phap 4p-dung Di-nhién, trong giai-doan chay&a-ti€p nay chi 4p-dung cae Ingt.lé ai ban- baab traée nghy 9-3-1945, -doan tan-tgo ti 1950 ve sau: Giai-dogo nay bAt dau ogty 1-3-1950 d4ob dau tan ki-ngnyéa tu-ph4p nuréc Nam. Truréc khi d&n ngay &y, phii trai qua mOt khodng dadaog dal, tréo 90 nin. Cugc dO-b6 Vi¢t-Nam béi Phép-quéc, phit-khéi hdi div nim 1859 lic thanh Saigon bj thit-thi. Bi€p-c6 lén-lao x&y ra tréa ba-ddo Bong-Daeng lién san khi thé-chi€a thir-bai k€t-lidu, gay 4p-luc mauh-mé a6i véi née Phép. Toy nhiép cudc tranh-diu trén dia.hat cbSnb-tri va ogea'.giao d2 thaa-bdi ebi-quy@n cia Viet-Nam r&t cam go, gap nbitu tré-ngsl, De dat tei muc-tiéo, euge throng- thny€t b&t du ngay 6-12-1947 (gi Vinh He-Long giita cuyu-hoang Bio-Dai va thigpg-air Ph4p Bollaert, tiép-tue ngay 5-6.1948 gidta bai nban vat 46, them Thiéu-Twong Nguyéo-vaa-Xuén, Thi-twong cb4oh-phd trung-rong lam-thei Viel-Nam. By gip-gi nay co cong-bé mot tuyén-ngon chung, Ngay R-3-1949 ky Hi¢p-woe nbia-nhén Viel-Nam dO:-lép trong Lién-Hiep Phip. Chi€a Hiép-dinh tu-ph4p ngay 30-12-1949 thi-baob hi¢p-rée dy, song song vol 10a Nam-da t6-chire theo Du 86 4 ngay 18.10.1949, cd (da-4a bdo-hgp Vigt-Ph4p ddng ra doi ngay 1-3-1950. a1TOA-AN HON-HOP A.— Vé-chire Toa.4o hdn-hgp Viét-Phap gdm 6 thim-pbéa Viet va Phdp dage phan cong ddng d80, Toa-do may td-chirc theo hé-thdag Ph4p, cd InGag ep Wl. pb4a, va thim-quyéa vé hinh, bd, thucag 461 voi ngwei Podp, ngadi ddog-hoa Ta nguéi Tao va lam-thei, nu co lién can, ngudi Viet-Nam va ogudi neréc kh4o, Toa thrgng-th’im héa-bep dit ti Saigon va Handi, Toa so-thiim hdn-hgp lap tei Saigon, M¥-Tho, Cia-Tho, Nha-trang trong quan.het Toda thigng-thim hén-bgp Saigon va tai Handi, Hai-phong va Da- Ning thude quaa-bat toa thirgog-thim béa-hgp Ha-Ndi. Cée phiie.quy€t cia toa thirgng-thiim hon-hgp cd thé thrgng-td qua toa ph4-o Parls, Ban tho-ly gm c6 mgt thin-phin Viet-Nam, B.— Lugt-phdp dp-dyng Ap-dung cdc In§t-lé Ph4p chdub-thirc ban.banh tei Vigt-Nam va pha-bap voi cic Hi¢p-dinh Viet-Phip. Toa-to bén-hgp Vitt-Phdp cdo-chung ngay 1-9-1954. Viée phai d€o 48 Gn, Toa-dn dy hoat-dong trong mot nw&e Vidt-Nam dgc-l4p that 1A mot viéc di-thudng, trai 1é phai. Ngay Sy, mot Hiép-dinb nhin.nbgn chi-quytn Viét-Nam tron vea trong c4e dia-bet l4p-phdp, lap-quy va twr-phip, ky b5l dal.dién ch4ab-phir Viét- Nam, Tong-Treéng To-Podp Bii-van-Thiah va Phé-st Posp Bordaz, Ay la bgu-qua cia cuge thuong-thuyét hiru-hieu tai Paris Idi thaog 4 va thiag 5 nim 1954, do mét phai-bé cia ch4nh-phi Saigon gém co Téng-Truéag Tu-Phap Nguyéa-vio-Dam. Thém vao dé dp-ltre cia Hi¢p-diah Geneve ngay 20-7-1954 lién-quan téi vige dinb.chi&n va qua-phan Vi¢t-Nam. Voy ti ngay 16-9-1954 tebn 1anh.chd Viet-Nam niet 14 tir séng Bn-Hai té1 mili Ca-Mau, chi con toa.dn quéc-gia hogt-déng ma théi, theo dudag.lé1 vach rd béi Du 33 4 ngay 18-10-1949. Lugt-pbép ép-dung 1a c4c Jugt-phdp cin-ban ban-baub triéc 1945 va nhttng van-ki¢n phap.ly chanh-yéu sau day ; a) Ludt c6 tinh-cach vinh-ctra ; 22— Du 08 4 nghy 18-10-1949 t8-shirc te-phap (c6 ditu-khoin mdi v2 binh-sir 16-tung) ; — Du ngty 2-4-1956 Bo-dinh quy-ché vat.gia ; — Lugt 6 11/58 ngay 3-7-1958 td-chirc toa-4a thi€a-nhi ; = Shelugt agay 23-7-1964 Sa-dinb gid tha, té-hé, tal-sin cOng-ddng ; — Shc-lugt 33 17 ngay 29-7.1964 t8-chée cdc phitn toa imu-dong tai ndéng-thon. b) Ludt cé ténh-cdch thoi-co : — She-lugt sd 16 ngay 29-7.1964 tam dy qoy8o-hen thiim-phan bda-giai cho quén-traéng baob-chénb tai Nam-Phan ; — Sfc-ludt a 4/65 ngay 19.7-1965 dwa ra Tda-an Mat-tran céc vi.phem kinb-t€, béi.dodi, nhap-cing las, bdi.1d, bita-thd, pbé.rdi tri-an, t&n-cdog cAnb-sat ; — S&clngt sé 3/66 ngay 15-2.1966 doa ra Tda-dn Dic-bidt 4: va din-ee, fang gia bang qué muc, vi-phem quav-thu€, bdi-16, bida.tha. KET.LUAN Trén moi dia-bat, Vi¢t-Nam tir ngin xtra 48 chia Anh-heréng sdu-roog cha vin-bhéa, boc-thogt Trung-Hos, chi-ph6i bi Nho.gi4o Ja n8a-tang xa- boi Bong-bo A.Chao. Vi vay lugt-phép Viét-Nam triréc kbi ti€p.xde voi van- minb La-Hy, chi lo bao.t8n n&o-mong qu6c.gia, ciiog-e6 co-dd vua chia,coi nhe qny@n-lgi ta-nbon va do dé ché.tri hon 14 che-ché dao-chung. Non mot th€-k} chung-dung véi Phép-quéc, thira-ké trire-tiép w8a vao- minh La.Hy, gitp VietNam kbei phéng Inét-l¢ vi ch€d0 ta-phip, dan-ching khéng phii kh6og mb4a thy Ingt-l¢ va ch€.¢6 tu-phép hi¢a-thdi cénbidu digu-kbodn canb-tan theo quan-ni¢m dan-chi. Song vi ly.do cé dnh- hwéng cia ngogi-bang tirng théng-tri qué-hwong va khong cé su hgp-tic cle minh, qua trupg-gian cia d9!-bibu chéoh-thirc i tay bau-eir, néa ngudi dan hinb oby cé chd hoa!-oghi v3 chua th@t-tam duyé¢t-phuc bin,CHUONG II TS.cHUC BO TU.PHAP TRONG CHANH-PHU VIET-NAM CONG-HOA 1-12-1948 va Nghi-dioh sd 584- Ngbi-dioh 86 505-BIP/ND ngay 17-h.1955, 63 Pa-Phép co abiea vu —soan thao v4 thi- hana cés Mat-1¢w8 tB-chirs va ditu- bach cae Toa-dn ; thio wa thi-hanh ete luat chog fio-dioh quy-eb& cie nba ¢ v8 vide dao-tao nhao.vién ta.ph4p vitn nay ; — soan-thio Jugt.lé vé etc nyit-ngalép tu-phap edng ki&m-soat viée hanb.sir cdc ngh@.nghi¢p nay : — soan-thio va thi-baoh cac lua:-tt vé dan-su, binb.sw wa quéc-t€ phip va nghign-stra cae vin-dé padp.chd thugs phem-vi tu-phdp. 1 — CHUC.CHUO'NG CUA TONG-TRUG'NG BO TU-PHAP Chuc-chuéng cia Téng.Tradog BO Ta-Phap duge &n.dinh do sée-L¢oh 86 2U-TP ngay 19-09-1949, Tdng-Traéng BO Te-Phép lank trong-trach &0.dioh chdnh-sdch v8 cdch tS-chire va didu-banh gudog may tu-ph4p cing 4p-dung moi phwong-phdp c&a. thitt d2 cho viée xit-dn dirge hoan-ndo, kim-sost viée bash sit quyéa cong- (6 bau trivog.tri moi banb-dgng cé phaong-hal dén trat.tur chung va dén sir an.toan nban.ménb, béo.vé tu-do eé-nban c4c céng-hitu va tu-hitu taisan, Téng-Traéng BO Ta-Ph4p cdn cé nhiém-vy thic-bién viée th6ng-nbet Ingt-phdp trén Minh.thd quée.gia. Ngoai ra, Tdng-Truéng BO Tu-Pb4p lgi cdn 14 CO.VEn Phép-lugt cho Chinb-Phi, .— T6.caUc BO TU-PHAP BO Ta-Phép gdm cé cdc co-quan trung-rang sau day : — Nha Ddog-Ly Vao-Proog — Nba Nhan-Vien va K€-Toin — Nha H6-Vu — Nba Hinh-Vy.1) — Nha Déng-Ly Van-Phong : D&t dedi quyn didu-kbitn cda mot Bbog-1.5 Vin-frsag, tre th cd mot Cbaoh-V&n-Phéng, mét hay hai covg-cin Uy-Vier, 2.7: B:-the, bai Tham- Chénh Vau-Phong va nbivu Chii-su. Nba nAy gin 24 — Van-Phong chanh-danh : phu-trich cong 5 eln nbiém, m& va phantach the-tin gip, xen xe! vag d€n, giao-dich voi Pod Thd-Tuwéng va cét BO, kiém-ae. quy€t-dinh cia Tong-Trudog, x€p dat va luu-tri +4 ph6l hop edng-vite ckc Nha, Sé trong BO, gidi-quyt: vb phic-triah hang thang lén Chaob-Pha. — Phong Bi-tho : pbu-lrach aghi-lé, bEp-kién, i€s.Oc, kink.'y 79 the- {im riéng cia Tdng-Tredng. — Phong Litn-lac voi Quéc-h6i : 06 obigm-va giac-thidp voi Quée-Hdi, lién-Igc vol chic BO kbic A8 nghién-ctra c4c vin.de litn-quaa dn Quée-Héi, pbu-trach v2 céc ca béi va ch&t-véa Chéah-Padi cia e4: Nghi-si va Quéc-Adi v8 nganh Tu-Phap, — Phong Ké-khai tai-sin ; Kidw-sodt va tap-trang che to ke-ehal tht-sio cia nhau-rién To.Phap, glao-thi¢p voi cde BO v2 vide ké-khai tai-sda. — Phong Céng-Van; phy-trésh viée ti€p-ohgn, md, vio 0d cic cdng-ran thweng géi 460, vaosd va phat cic cOng-vaia thuong géi di, phd-bi€a 4: chi-thi va théog.tor ¢é tinh cach chung, canb gac thiréng trire, in may ronéo, dién.thoai. 2) Nha Nhan-Vién va Ké-Toan : ht dasi quy2n digu.chidn cha mot G Am-Déc, tr¢.td cd nbiga Codnh- Su-Vu va Cha-Sq, Nha NbAo.Viea va Ké-Toan 6 ohigm-vy tayta-bd va phda- phéi nbAn-vién cho t&t ca cde ev-quan tu-pbip, thank-tosa lwong-bdng va cic chi-phi vé vgl-ligu thude cfc Nha S& Trang-wong BO Tu-Phap va cic Tda.dn trong tota quée, Nha Nhan-Vién va K€-Todn gdm co hai S&é vA nim Phbog. 1— SO NHAN-VIEN cé hai Phong ; Phong I (Nban-vién cho egech) : quén-tri nhfn-vién cdc nggch tu-phép va bknb-chdoh biét.phai phuc-vu talco.quan te-phép: Thimn-Phin, — Chudag- Eh€ — Chanh-Lue.ay, tho-ky, tho.ky ddoh my, thy.phdi; b3.dung, cr-abi¢m, thuyén-chay2n, thire-thu, thang thudng, xp hang, ttrchire, h3i ngaeb, bi¢t-phai. 23a) Phong I] (Nbdn-vien ngogi ngecb): qudn-tri ode hang nhdn-vién ngoai nggcb, pha-dong, cong-nhul, khé-wéc thodc BO Tu-Phap, sopu-thio va sira- 431 quy-ché nb&n-vieo cac ngeeh tu-phép, tb-chitc edc ky thi tuytn, phy-tréeb vige buu-tri ya 4n-thadng huy-chwong. _ SO KE-TOAN gdm ba Phang: a) Phong Kitm-Sodt v4 Thank.Todn Trung.Uong : dy-tbao ngan-sich BO Te-Phép, phu-trach viée dy-ngaa, phan-phdi kinh-phi, ki’m-sodt cic vdn- kign k€.todn cla cic S& Ta-Ph4p Nam-Phén va Trung-Phan, k€-todn wéc-chi ya thanb-todn, bé-nbi¢m c4c phat-ngan-vien, quan-ly k&-todn quy tng trace, b) Phong Luwong-Bong : phu-tréch vide thanh-toan Ixong-bdng cia tft eA nhan-vien ting-s tei BO Tu-Phép va céc Tda.tn, nap khodn khau trir hwu.b3ng vé céc nbén.viém chanh-pgach. ¢) Phong Vél.Liga ; quan-ly vat-li¢u vA kbi-mioh cia BO Tw-Phép, mua sim va cung-cp val-liéu, dung-cy cho cdc Tba-dn, tu.bd va xAy-cdt cae cong. thw, thanh-todn e4e chi.phi v2 vét-ligu eda co.quan ta-ph4p, mua bdo chi, sich lnat vb in cdc quytn thp-san phép-ly do BO Tu-Phaép xuMt-bin, du-kitm va ditu-chinb dn-pbi tung-l¢ v2 hinb, 3) Nha H6-Vy : Dt dui quyés dito-chitn cha mot Gikm-Dbe, try 14 co nbigu Chanh- Sug-Vu va Chi-Sy, Nba HO-Vu phy-trach vige thi€t-lap, t8-cbhire va didu-hanb eke Tod-ho, sira-ddi quin-bgt te-phap, kidm-soat cic ogh®-nghi¢p te-phap, pghiéc-ctru vA scgn-thdo c4c 1ugt.l@ y8 dan-sy, tbuong-su va dan-sir t6-tung, cho j.ki6a vé che di-in lngt va Sdc-Lénh do eac BO khac chuyén dép, xndt- ban ede !3p-san tu-pbap. Nha nay gdm cé ba So va biy Phong. 1.— SO TU.PHAP HANH-CHANH : ebia lam bai Phong : @)— Phong tb-ehire cdc Téa-dn ; phu traeh vige thi€t-Ipp va t3-chirc ede Toa-an, atra-ddi quac-bet tw-pbap, cong-b6 c#e do-vin ve thit-tung va di. shin yO thira-nbgn, c4c bd.cho ta-ph4p va lugt-dinb, kidm-sost t3ng-quat v2 ax host-d60g cia bg may tu-phap. b)- Phong Phap-Ché va Kitm-sodt cdc nght-nghiép tz.phép : soan-thio ede ban-vio v8 the-1¢ t8ng.quit lién-quan d&o Lugt.aw (quy-ch6, bY-lnat), cde céng-lsi va cdc vién phu.té tir-phép (thiét-lép va b3i bd cdc van-phong, bd-nbi¢m, bidm-sodt, k.ln§t) ; cdc thia-phat-lgi, hd-gid-vién, quin.tai-viée, quin-ly tw-phép, gldm-dinh-vién, 262,— 80 PHAP.CRE DAN-SU gdm e6 be phang ; a) Phong H9.Vu va phdp-ché dic-bift : qaaa-tri te.phdp bO-s¢ va hidm- sot hO-tich, nghtén-otra tap.quan, phong-tuc troug nage, xem xét che va teanb-ehfp thim-qay8n, thugng.t6 phi.dn vi Igi-ieh cia phép-tngt v2 b6.9y, aghién-cira v8 phdp-ché a%e.bi¢t (nba eira, bam md, lao-dong, trang-dung, cOog-ain v. v...), litn-Igc vol ede BO sh-quan. b) Phong Phdp-Cht v8 Dén-s trong nurse : ughlén-cira che diz-an lo4t, she-lgnb v8 daa-sy, thurcag-ar va d&o-sr (S-tung, cho ¥.kiGn vé ede dz.do lugt va sic-lgnh do cé: BS kh42 sogn-thao. ¢) Phong Phdp-Ché ngoai-qauéc va quéc-t8 phap : lito-lec véi ede BO 85- quan a2 th{-hanh ede biép-diah to-phap ky ket v1 ngoal-quSc, aghién-ecru che van-d8 liém-quan dé quy-cb§ ngoai.titu, efo ladt-l¢ v8 quéctich. 431 fén, nb§p quéc-tich, t5-tuag v2 qa6e-tich, 3. 80 SUU-TAM TAI-LIEU TONG-QUAT, XUAT.BAN, PHIEN- DICH VA THU.VIEN gdm cé bai phong : a)— Phong Swu-Tam Téng-quat od xadtban: phu-trach vite woth va t-14p etc van-bidu trang-treng vé an-l¢, phda-logi va phAa-tich che quyét- dinb tw-pbap, xuft-bin cfc loai tép-san to-phip hay tac-phim phap-ly, sich lugt va sich phd-théng lugt-phap, b) — Phong Phién-djch va Thw.Vién : phy.trach vite phi¢a.dich cdc Tngt-1¢, quy-the ; lua-trit cac deo=lo9t, sde-lénb, ngbi.dinb ; ph&o-logi, imu. tris va lam muc-luec cae séch va tep.chi. 4) Nha Hinh-Vy : Bat duéi quyéa dida-khita cia mot Glim.pbe, cb abidu Chd vb-Six-Vu va Chi-sy phu-ta. Nha Hinb-Vq phu-trdch vite mgbién-ctra va do-dioh chanh- sdch vé hinh-sr, soan-thio cac lugt-lé va hinb-sir va binb-sy t3-‘uag, kidm. soat kOt-qua cic phién-xir cha cic Tda-dn, cito-xét cde doo xin da-t4, do- glim, phéng-thich cé didu-kige, oghién-cdu ch€-d¢ lao-xa. Naa nay gdm e} hai Sé va paim Phong.t.— SO HINH-VU gdm cé 3 phdng : a) — Phong Hinh-Vu va Phdp-Ché Hinh-sy ; phu-trich v8 phap-ch€ bink- aur, troy.t6 cde trong-tOi, khinb.toi va 191 vi-cnb, kidm.soét ede thi-tuc va sr chp-banb cae 40 phat, thigng-t6 pha-dn vi Igiich phép-lu@t v8 binh-st, nghién-eau vwigc phan.diob thim-quyén va di-giso ap.vu vi bim-nghi ebinh davg, cir cdc pbu-tbiim céc toa dai-hinb, nghién-ctu cée vin.d& lién- quan dfn cinb-sét tu-phap, cac tda-4n quao.ay va hil-sy. b) Phong An.zd va phéng-thich ¢é diéu-kién: xem xét va lgp hd-so ve n.xs, dai-xé, phong-thich co ditu-ki¢n, xét cdc vu xin tai-thim v2 dei-hinb va {idu-linb, sogr-théo va thi.tanh céc bi¢p-dinb quéc-1€ va dir-d9, lap edo bhng thdog-ké vd hiah-sy, dan-sur, thong-s¢, pby-trach cdc w&in-dé phap-ché v® tung-phi va gidw-dinb tu-pbép. ¢) Phong Vdn-Quj Tu-Phdp Ly-Lich Trung-Uong: swu-tim tai-liéu ve tu.phap ly-lich, kidm-soat céc phi€u 35 1 thau-ntan duge, ep phat otc phi€n a6 2 va 3 cho dan-ching khong thudc thic.quyén céc toa-an tinh, tap ede phiéo 26 1 v@ cdc vu quan-thuc va trec-xudt ngogi-kidv. 2.— SG QUAN-TR] LAO-XA VA GIAO-HUAN KIEM-CHE: Gdm cd 2 phdng : a) Phong Ap.dung hinh.phgt; etru xét-vie 4p-duog cic ban-vin quy-djoh ay thi-hanh c4e binb-pbat bic deat ty-do, &n-dinh ché.¢6 ya k}-ban cé¢ binb. phet, swu-tim tal-li¢u v8 pbap-ché vi thOog-kée vé quau-tri lao-x4, b) Phéng Gido-Hudn Kiém-Ché : nghién.etru pi ap-ché vé can-pham thitu- abi, bio.trg thi€u-nbi v8 mt ta-phap, thi€t.igp cac toa-4n tbi€u.nbi, 4p théng-ké v2 can-phgm thi€u-nhi, &n-dinh ché-d6 lac-x4 d6i vei can-pham thi€c-nbi,NODIWS 39u!CHUONG Jl TO.cCHOC CAC TOA-AN TU{NGAY 8-3-1949 DEN NAY Théa-wéc_Vidt-Phdw kt k&t ngay 8-3-1949 mic dau nhin nbgn o&n doc- lap cha Quéc-Gia Vigt-Nam nhung cén danh lei v8 phwong-ditn ta-phép nhiéa dée-quyéo cho nguéi Phép va di d&t ra bén eanh céc Tda-4n Quoc- Gin Vigt-Nam cdc Toa-an hén-hgp Viét-Phap cé thim-quy@n xét xi nhipg vu d&n-ay, thuong.ay va hinb.sy di véi nguvi Phap, din Li¢n.Hi¢p-Phap- (ngodi ngwdi Viét-Nam) va rgd! Trong-Hoa traéc d& e6 ky két voi Phap qu&c hi¢p-éc vd d&c.quyén tai-phin. Cae Toa-in hén-hyp Viet.Phép gdm cé tal Viet-Nam : 2 Toda Thugng-Thim ti Saigon va Hanoi, 7 Téa So-Thim tai: Saigon, M§-Tho, C&n.The, Nha-Trang, Hanoi, Hai-Phong vb Da-Naog ; va 3 Toa-dn theeng-mli tei Saigov, Hanoi, Haj-Phong. & Phip-quée1 Toa Phé-An béu- hgp Vi¢t-Phap tal Ba-Lé. Thanh phan céc Tda-40 bén-hyp gdm co ph&m nite Thim.Ph4n Phap vi phan nira Thim-Phan Viet, Ve ngén ngi, Vidt-ngh va Phap-ngt d&u dwye théng dung trac cic Toa-an bén-bgp, Tinb-treng phire-tap vA mau thudn eka n&n Cong.L} trong mot Quéec- Gia ddc-lap nay kéo daidén nghy 16-9-1954 thi mot Higp-U'ée Viet-Phap duge ky k&t tha tiéu che Tda-dn bdu-hop dét trén laoh-thd Viel-Nam va @inh di ay ki¢o-toan o&n doc-13p cia Qu&c-Gia Viet-Nam vé phwong-di¢n tu-phap. KR tir ngay 16-9-1954. trén kbap lanb-thd Viét-Nam chi cé cée Toa-dn boda todo quéc-gia inh mhiém.vy ditu-baoh Cong-Ly, p-dung Iugt-l¢ Vi¢t- Nam va Vidl-ngit durgc ehuyén dung truéc Toa.dn cling nbu trong cae fn-vin. Td ehirc do Du a3 4 ngay 18-10-1949, edc Tda-4n Quée Gia Viet.Nam hi¢n nay dirge tbi€t-lAp trén edo nguyén-tic cin-bhn sau day: 1- nguyén-ttc phan nbi¢m gitta hanb.phép va ta-phap. 2- ngnyén-tac dgc.lgp cia Tham-Phao xir an, 3. nguyén-tic lugng-edp tai-pbin d2 bio-dim biu-hi¢u guyea-igi cua cc tung-nhan, 4 ngayén-téc phim chia cae Toa-dn lam 2 b¢-théng riéng bi¢t = 3— hé.th6ng cdc toa-dn tr-phap (xét xir céc vo tranh-tyng gitta t.nhan), — bé-théng céc tda-dn banb-chiah (xét xi ese vu tranb-tuog giite tu-mbaéo va co-quan eéng-qnyéc), PHAN THU NHUT Hé-thong céc Tda-én Tu-Phép Che Toa-tn Te-phap VietNam gm cé Toa Hoa-Gidi, Toa So-Thim, Toa Hoa.Gidi ROog-Quy8n, Toa Thigng-Tham va trén thirgog dinh Ih Toa Pha-An, Ngoai ra con e6 méts5 Téa.do dic-thim oho ; Tda-dn Nbk-Ph6, Toa.dn Lao.Dong, Téa-an Thiéu-Nhi, Toa.an Bac.Biét Bitn.Dia, cdc Téa.an Qadn- au, Tdoa-an Dic.Biét, THET 1 Toa Hoa-Giai Té.chire.— Bay JA Téa-an thip nhirt trong hé-thdng cde Tda.én tu-phdp. Tai Nam-Phan hi¢n c6 2 Toa Hoda.Gidi dwge thift-lap, dat tru-sd tel Thi-D4 Saigon va tai tinb-ly Sadec. Tai ede noi chira thigtlap Toa Hoa- Gill, cde Tda-4n cp S3-Thim (Tba So-Thim va Toa Hoa-Gidi ROag-Quyeo ) chiéu-quyén toda thin, thu ly va xét xir Inda cd cde vide thugc thim-quyto Toa Hoa-Giai v@ hinh-sw cfing nhw vé dan-mr, Toi Trung-Phin, chied 1 Toa Hoa.Gial dirge thiét-lgp dat tru-ad tei HOl- An (tinh Quiéng.Nam) do mét Thim-Phéo Haa-Gidi diga khide. Con Isl, ede Toa-’n so.cp cii do cc Qaga-Trudng hay Phi-Tregng, Huy¢n-Tradng dito khida du duge déi ten 14 Toa Hoa-Gidi, Tai ede naitriréc kla khong cd Tda- fo So-cBp ma cilng cha thiét-lap Toa Hoa-Gidi, thi cée Toa So-Thim hay Toa Hda-Gidi Roag-Quyéo & cdc noi dé thy ly va xét xir che vide thudc thim.quyén cla Toa Hoa-Gidi nbu tal Nam-Phao. Thanh-phan.— M6i Toa Hoa-Gidi c6 mgt thiiea-ph4u hoa-gidi vk mot Luss. Tei Toa Hoa- Giki khong eé céng-t6-vi¢n. Noung Chwéng-Ly hay Bign-L¥ Toa-dn ed quyta quan het 43ivéi Toa Hda-Giki, co the G61 d€n Toa Hda.Gtdi nktrog bin lua o- trang viet v8 nhitng vu kién dang lwo y. 32Hi¢n nay trong thi ché di viéc bd.nhiém cac Thim.Phin Héda-Giki chdab.thée (ngach Thim-Phin nay bién rit kbiém khuy6t), céc vi Quén- Tradog banh-chéab duge cir tam-thdi klém-nbiém chire-vu Thim-Ph4o Hoa- Giai trong quan-hat Quan mioh. Thdm-quyén : a) Vé vi-canh ; Toa Hda-Gidi hop thaah Tda-éa vi-eanh xi ede (6i-phem vicdoh, Aa vi-ckoh cé thé la ao so-thim va chung-thim hay 49 so-thaim vol quyéa khang-c4o lén Toa Sy-Totm bay Toa Hoa-Gidi Roag-Quyea. b) Vé tidu-hinh va dgi-hink ; Thim.Phia Hoa-Gial eni cd quyta-han vt cinb-sat ta-phap. Khi duge bao cho vé mot vi¢c titu-hinh hay dai-binb pbai trinb ngay cho Big¢n-Ly Toa So-Thim hay Cbsob.An Toa Hoa.Gidi ROng- Quyda biét va ddng thoi didu-tra va lap b3 so gdi cho céz vi Toda Paodn nay, c) Vé dan-su : xin xem Choong VIII vé « Dan-sir Té-Tyng ». TET Téa So-Thim va Téa Hda-Giai Rong-Quyén Day la cdc Toa-dn ep Timb, dat try-ad tai do-thank, tinh-ly bay thi-xa. Hign nay biti bét cde tinb tréa Manb-thd VietNam COng-Hda dda 6 mot Toa So-thim hay Hoa-G ai Roog.Quyén. Tréa nguyén-téc, qudo-hat cha mot Toa So=Thim hay Hda-Gidi ROng-Quyén Ja dia-hat hanb-chiahb cia tinh trén 4y, Toatn dage dat tru sd. Chi trong travag-bgp daec-biét vi chwa xAy edt duge tru-s& nén mot Téa So-Thim hay Hoa-Gidi ROng-Quyéa mél cd mot quao het gdm 2 bay 3 tioh (ty du: quanehat Toa So-Thim Bitn-Hoa gdm cé 3 tioh ; Bitn-Hda, Long-Khéah, Binb.Tay. Toa Sx-Toim Quaog. Nam gdm: Tioh Quaéng-Nam, Tinh Quaog-Tin va Thi-X4 Da-Niog ; Toa Hoa-Gidi ROng-Quyén Dalat gdm cd Tni-Xa Dalat va 2 Tinh Lam.Bdng va Tuyéo-Ditc). Cie Toa So-Thhar va Téa Hda-Gidl ROng-Quya déu cing mot lovi Toa- in Tinb, cong & mot c&p bée (c&p so-thim) vA co thim-quy2n obi oheu. Chi kde nbau 14 Téa So-Th&m quan-hé hon, c6 it mbit 3 Thim-Phin dim- nhi¢m 3 chito-vu ri¢og-bi¢t : Ong Ch4ab-Aa git vie xi do, Ong Bitn-Ly dim-tréch quy@n edng-t5 vb Ong Dy. Tham phy-trach viée thim-cttu, Toa Hoda-Gidi ROog-Qayéa it quan-trong hon, cé mot Chanb-An kiém nbfém 3 chite-ry : Chdoh-Aa, Biga-Ly vA Du-Thim. Nbigu khi, cé thém 1 Thkm-Phao givp viée, phy té Oag Chanh-Aa, 33BOAN I Téa So-Thim Khodnt.— Td-chire Hién nay co 9 Toa So-Thiim tai Viét-Nam Cong-Héa ; 5 Toda tal Nam- Phin (Saigon, Dinh-Tadng, Vinb.Long, 8ién-Hde, Phong-Dinh) va 4 Tbe {gi Trung-Phin (Hué. Khdob-Hdas, Quang-Nam. Binb-Dinh). Mdi Téa So-Thim gdm cé 1 Chanb-A\o, 1 Bigu-Ly, t Du-Tbim wa 1 Chénb-Lire-Sur cé obitu lye. eur va tho-ky gitp viéc, Néa nhu-ciu céng-vu b&t bugs, Toa So-Thim cé th8 co thém mot hay bia Chanb-Ao di-khoy& va Thim-Phéo, m6t hay nbigy Du-Thhm, mot bay ubitu Pho Bida-Ly. 1. Chénh-An va cdc Tham-Phan toa xir Cée Thim-Pb4n toa xi trong Toa So-Thim gdm cé Chéob-An, Chanb. An dy-kbvy$t, Thin.phén va Du.Thim. Trit Dg-Th3m c6 nhi¢m-vu thio. civ, Chinb-An vi cde Thim-Pbao toa xit khae chi toa ede phién Toa va xi an. Tren nguyéo-téc, Chanb-An chi toa tat cA ede phién toa. Tay nbiéo néu ¢6 nhigu Thim-Phao xt an, Chdnb-An cé th? Gy-nhi¢m cdc vi ndy chi toa cde phién toa, Trong cde vite duge ty-nhi¢m xét xit, cc vi Tbim-Phén xt dm nay c6 quyéo (r-do quyét dinh theo § riéng va theo lmong-tam mink. Cb4nb-An Ja vi chi-huy tryc-tiép cha cde Thim-Phin toa xi trong mot Toda So-Thin. 2. Bien-Ly O m&i Toa So-Thim, ehtre-vy e6ng-té giao cho Bi¢n-Ly ¢6 mot bay nbiga Pho Bign-Lf try Ive, Pho Bi¢n-Ly banh.ddng véi sy by-quyén cha Bién-Ly, Quyén-han cia Bién-Ly Vé hinh sz: Dadi quy@n Gidm.Déc va kibea soat cha Chudng-Ly, Bi¢u-Ly ¢6 rach nhi¢m t&m ni va troy-t8 cdc toi pham vé dai-biob va tiu-bioh d& xdy ra trong qudo-hat tda-do. Bi¢n-L¥ gidm-sit viéc thi-haob lugl.ph4p, So-vin va ddc-ibdo su thi-banb d6 vi ohitog ditu-kho&n c6 quan-h¢ dn tr9t-t¢ eOng-cng. VE cdc vite titu-binh hay det-hinb, cdog-15-viga bao gid cling dirng chinb-t6 khi hanb.eir quy&n eéng-t5. Vi ddnsy: Trong cae wu dansy, Bién-L¥ ding chinb-t6 bode ding pho-td. Bi¢n.Ly dirng chinh-t6 khi thay m&t cho con chan 42 kién Ong ba, eba me, néu khong cd trudng-t6o hay treéng-toc tir choi hose ving mit xBién-Ly dirng pbu-t6 trong cde vu dAn-sw khdc. Cong-t6-Vién bao gid cing cé th8 dat xem but luc trong c4e vite dao.su. C6 nhitog vite b&t budc phai théng tri cho Cong-T6. Vien abu cde vu kitn can b¢ d&n trat-ty chung, dén tai-shn cia quéc.gia, 48n nhao.th®, dfa vite gitm-hd, céc viée kién cia vi-thanb nién, cdc vu lido quan dSq ohitng ngwdi bf coi la that.tung- vé hanh.chdnh ; Bida-Ly bide sodl eOng viéc cha Podng Luc-sir toa.dn miob va phong Luc-su cdc Toa 10a-Gla! trong quaa kul. Bign-Ly ciing cé trach nbi¢m kidm sot tit ch c4> cdng-chirog va eOng- Iai vi col a6c cho céc vién-cbirc Sy Iam tra chire.v chny@n-ngbiép mot cdch dirng din. 3.— Dy. Tham Du.thim chuyén v8 vide thim-ttru, Du-Thiim cé thé iu minh thu I¥ true ti6p cdc vu pham-phép qud-tang. Ngoai tridng-bop vay, Dir.Thim chi thu- ly do Bign-Ly yeu chu biog kbdi-\8-trang hay do den khitu td clia ogwai bi thiét hei dng din-sy nguyén-cdo tai Phoog Duy-Thim. Nbung don khi€u-t6, oda ngwai bi thiét bai pbal chuyta qua Bign-Ly d2 lap khdi-td-trang. Khodn 2, Sy Digu-Hanh 4. Phién Toa cong kha! Khbi Téa So-Thim hop phién edng kbai, gh€ Chaoh-Aa do Chéoh-An hay mot Thim-Phéo xir du ngdi, gh8 Bido-Ly do Bito-Ly hay mét Pho Bign- Ly ngdi, ghé Lyc-sy do Chéub.Lyuc-Sy hay mét Lue-sr ngdi. Ch4nb-An cé quyén cknb-ugy pbién Téa tic la quytn gilt trét.ty trong phién Toa. Ngwai tot phién toa phi gid 12 dQ. Ai lam ri trat-tu, ma khong chin ra khd{ phbng, m&c ditu da cé Iéah, s& bi bat giem 24 git theo Iénh cia Chanb-Aa. 2. Dei HOl-D3ng Tit ch cae phdag cia Téa Sc-Thim hop thich Bai HOl.Dong va hop kin dt din lidu cde cng vide hamb-chdoh néi bg nhu dinh ngiy gid cis phita (da, hay cho y kiém v2 moe dy-dn lugt. Cong t6.Vien 6 quy@n dy hop nbung khong cé quy8a bé thim. 8. Phong Thim-nghj Phdog Thim-nghi la noi ma Tda-da lul yho d@ xét ky mot wigs quan- troug trwéc kbilén 4c, 35Prong Tbim-ngbi efing 1a noi ma Tda-4n nhém hop d xét xi trong ahitng trnéng-bop do lugt-dioh (phé-chuiin kb€.wéc 4p con nudi, xi efc va we aba pb6...) Tda xi trong phong Tham-nghi gdm cé Chénb-An, Bién-Ly va Lue-sy, Khodn 3.— Thim-quyén 1, VE dén-sy — xin xem Cheong VIII v8 « Dan-au T6-Tung ». 2. Ve hinh-ar ; A, Toa Titu-binb Toa So-Thim xét x& mhiing (i-phym tito-hinh duge goi la Toa Titu-binb. Toa Titu-bink gdm cé Ong Chanb.Au Toa So-Thim hay mot Thim- Phan toa xir chittoa d@ xét xt, Gag Bi¢n.Ly Toa So-Tbam hay mgt Phd Bign-Ly ngdi gh€ Cong-T6-Vien dé budc ii va mot Luc-ay git but luc. Bi can va dan-a ngayén-cho 6 quyén nbd tvjt-sur bien bo. Mot Thn-Phin cong-t6-vign, sau ndy dirge cir gid chirc-va Thim-phan ngdi xi, khOng thé xét xi vu titu-hiob truéc kia chinh mioh tray-té. Ve thim-quyén, trén nguyéo thc, Toa Titu-binob cé thim-quyén de xét xt t&t cd nbirng t6i-pbam tléu.binb, Tuy nhiéa, cdc toi-pham titu-hinh lién-hé véi cae tOi-pbam dei-hlok, dda do Toa Dai-bioh zi luda ci, C6 nbtrog tOi-pham titu-hioh din cho c4c Tda-én age-tbim phyv toa-sn quan-arr, Toa Titu-biob cfing cé thim-quytn 62 xét xi v2 vite kb4ng-céo cdc 4n vi-cdnb, B. Toa So-Thiim Dai-Hinh Theo td-chikc tu-ph4p Vigt-Nam, do Du 36 4 pgay 18-10-1949 Sn dinh, cée cue dqi-bioh cfiog dugc hai ep tda.in xét xir, nhu cde tOl-phem idu-bioh. Cée tOi-pham dai-hiah do Ban Dai-Hinh Toa Se-Thim hay Ban Bel-Hioh Toa Hoa-Gidi ROng-Quyéa xz so-thim, ” : 36Té.chétc + Bao Dei-Hinb Téa So-Thim gdm cd: — M6t Chanb-An — Hei Thim-Phan phu-thim — 1 Bitn-Ly 4% buge 191 — 1 Luc.sy d2 ghi ehép va git but luc. Hai Tham-Phan phu-thdm do Chdnb-Nh@t Toa Thugog-Thim cir bing dinb-lénh trong cde Thim-Podn Toa-dn efp So-Thim ho&c Thim-Ph4n Hoa- Gidi & gan tru-sé cia Tda.in sd quan. Cac Thim-Phda phu.tham nay cling cé th 12 ede viea-chire nggch baoh- chanh & gin try-sd Tda-dn so quan do Téng-Trwdng BO Tu-Phap ct ew. Diéu-hanh : Céc Téa So-Tham Daj.Hinh ctr bai thing hop xi mot ky. N€u cao, cd th mé ky hop bit thadng. Chanb-Nbut Téa Thugng-Ttim fo dinh ngay khai mec phién xi dai-bioh cia mdi Tba.4o cp so.thim (Tda So-Thin va Hoda.Gidi ROog-Quy@n) trong quao-bhet minh. Céc Thim-Phan xi so.tbim dei-binb sé quyét dinb theo da s6 v2 ift ca céc khodn lién quan té{ ti trang cha bi cdo, cdo trréng-hgp tang hay gidm tOi, v@ viéc 4p-dung binh-pbat va vé céc khoan Ddi throng. BOAN II Tde Hos-Gidi Rgng Quyén Ciing nhu Tba So-Tbim, Toa Hda-Giai Rong-Quyéa la mot Toa-4n chp so- thim tire la Toe.4n c&p tinh d&t tai cdc tinh-ly hay thi-xd. Chi khée la Toa Hoa-Giadl ROog-Quyén kém quan trong bon Toa So-Thim va khong c6 Bign.Ly. Hién nay tai Vigt-Nam COng-Héda cé 22 Toa Hoa-Gidi ROng-Qayka s 14 tei Nam-Pbin (Ki€o-Hda, Vinb-Binb, Ba-Xvyéo; Kién-Giaog, Tay-Ninh An-Giang, Phuée-Toy, Au-Xayén, Long-Av, Chau-Dée, Binh-Daong, Ki€n- Phong, Bac-Liéu, Gd-Cong). 5 tai Troog-Nguyéo Trung-Phio (Ninb-Thuge, Blob-Thudn, Phi-Yén Quiaog-Ngii, Quing-Tri). Va 3 tei Cao-Nguyén Trunog’Phan (Dalat, Banméthud!, Plelku). Tb-chitc ; Tai mdi Toa Hoa-Gidi Rong-Quyén chi cd mot Chaob-An va obita khi cd thém mot Than-phén phy-kboyét phu lyc. 7Tai Toa Hda.Gidi ROng-Quy8o khong cé Bién-Ly. NEu xét c&n, Chrdng- Ly Tea Thugng-Thim cé quy8a quan bat a6i vi Toa Héa-Gidi Rong-Quyén s& iy cho mgt Tham-pban trong qudn-bat dén Toa Hda-Gidi Rong- Quyta d2 thi bob obiém-vu cia Cong-TS-Vien. V8 che vide din-s ma luat bude phal thOng-tri cho Cong-T6-Viea, Toa Hoa-Gidi Roag-Quy2o xi ngay, khong cia phai cé Cong-T6-Viéo chieng ki€o. Ve hinb.s, Chedng-Ly cé quyén ddi xem hd so cdc vu dai-hinh ma Toa Hds-Giki ROng-QuyZo dang didu-tra va lam tét ef cdc cong vite ma Cong-T6-Vidn tei Toa Se-Thiim co thd lam digs, Cong vige Phong Loc-sy tal Toa Hoa-G'Ai Rong.Quy8a do mot Chéab Luc.su, ¢6 nbigu Luc-sw va Tho-ky phu lie ciing obw tai Toa So-Than. Chanb-in Toa Hda-Gidi Rong-Qoyéa c6 di ede quyto-banh cia Chénb- An cio Téa So-Thim, Ngoai ra, Cb4nb.An Igi com kiém nbiém ludn céc ebirc-vy truy.t6 va thim-ciru danh cho Bién-Ly va Du-Tk3m tei Toa So-Thim, Trong traéng-hop tai Toa Héoa-Giki Rong-Quy@a ed thém mot Thim phan pbg-kboy$t phu luc, Chamb-An ¢6 tht ay cho vi Thim-Phéa nay vigc chi toa cde phién tha titu-blah bode vi¢e thim-ciru. Khi chi toa phién toa Uev-binb, Thim-Ph4a phy-khoyét cé toan quyo xir dodn theo dung lu3t-phap wa long tam cia minb, Kobi tbim.ctru, vi Thim-Phan nay cfing cé di quy@n-banb nhy Du-Thim mOt Toa So-Thim. Tuy obiéa Tham.Pb4n phy-khuyét chi hoat dong voi sy ty-nhi¢m cia Chénh-An Tde Hoa-Gidi Rgng-Quy%o, néo vi nay cd the git lal d& chioh minh tbAm.cé@u nhéog wu d&e-bi¢t quan-trong. DSi véi nhiog vy dé chuséo glao cho Thin-Phan phu-khuy€t thin-cra, Chéob-An Tda Hda-Gidi Rong-Quyén co quyto, b&t cir hie nao, gia cuge tham-ciru, Idy bd ac lei dé ty minh ti€p tuc eudge thim-w8n va lam tt ch eéc thi-tue (8-tung néu xét cdin-thidt. Ditu-hanh va thim-quyen : Sg diu-binh cha Toa HoaGidi Rgng-Quyén chi kb’c Toe So- Thim Ia tei cde phien xt cong kbai cfing nbw cée phitn xt trong phong tham. ngbi cha Toa Hoa-Gidi Rong-Quyés, gh€ Cong-td-vien bd trdng, trir phi Chwuéng-Ly xét c&in thi cir mot Thim-Paan Cong-TS-Vign & noi khic dade ngBl gh€ Bign-Ly. Chénb-An e6 quy%n chob ngu phitn Tos. 38GhE Cong-To.Vin cing van bé trong tai cée phién xi dei-hinh. V2 ere Toa Hoa-Giki Réng-Quy@n cfiog 6 thim-quyém nha Téa So.Thim, TET Toda Thegng-Thim Toa Thagng-Thim Ja Toa-dn cp Phin, Tei Viet-Nam Coag-Hde hién nay co 2 Toa Thugng-Thim: mot tal Saigon va mOt tai Hué, Traéc kia, kbi linb.thd Vigt-Nam Cong-Héda edn toan ven, chua bi ct 401 do Hi¢p-Dinh Genétve ngay 20-7-1954, con cd thém mot Toa Thugng-Thim ti Handi ma quan bat g3m cdc tinh tei Bae.Phan. Quan-hat cha Toa Thugng-Tham Saigon gdm cé edc tink tai Nam-Phin va vai tloh tsi Cao-mguyén Trung-Phan; Lam-Béng, Tuyén-Dicc, Dalat (thi- x8), Darlac (Banmétbudt), Quang-pire. Qué&a hat cia Toa Thirgng-Thim Huf gdm cé céc tin tel Trung-Ngoyén Trumg-Phin va vai tinh tal Cao-Nguyén Truog-Phao; Pleiku, Komtam, Pha-Ban- a.— Té-chirc : M6i Toa Thirgng-Thdm cé mot Chénb-Nbir!, motbay abita Ch4nb-dn Phong va obitu HOi-Thim. Chire-vu céng-t6 do mot Chudng-Ly dim-obi¢m va tay theo nha cia eOng-vu, co mot hay nhitu Pho Chudaog-Lf, mot hay nhigu Thim-Ly va Tay- Vien Cong-Té-Vién phu-luc. Phong Lue.sr do mot Chiénb Luc-wr ditu-khide, ed mois Luc-ar va tho-ky gitip vige. Chénh-Nhét + Cbfnb-Nhet la vi chi-huy ofa tft ci chc Thim-Phdn tga xir, khong obitng tai Toa Thugog-Tham ma tet tit ch cdc Tdatn trong quan-hat cis Toda Thong-Thim, Chanh-Nhirt c6 quy&n sat-ngit, d8-nghi, bd-nhi¢m, thuyén-chuy§n hay thing-thudug cac vi Thim-Phin toa xé, cling ohted quy%n dé-nghi tring phat theo ky-logt n€o che vi Tham-Phan dy phem Idi, 39Trong quan-hat cba minb, Chdob-Nbet cé thé ctr mOt Thim-Phén xr én dé tam thdi git chitc-vu xir dn tai Toa Thirgog-Thim hay ti mot Toa ép tab. Chack-Nbtt edn pbai chinb oiah hay phai cic vi Tham-Phdn Toa Thweac-Thim di khém céc Toa.dn trong quio-bat bode cé ky ban nhitt @inb bods khdn bt than 4? kim-sodt su tifa haab cia cOng-vite tu-phap. Md: la di kbd phai gdi to trinh v2 BO Ta-Phap. Méi kbicé mot Thim-Paén x& do hoic mot Th&m-Phin COug-T6 bi kbie pai, Chaénb-Nburt sé chigh minh hoge fy-nhi¢m eho Chaah-An Phong bay cho mot HOi-Thim mé cudc dida-tra. Chuéng-Ly = Chudog-Ly cé hai nbiém-wu : Gidm-DSc Sb Te-Phip va chi-huy Cong- 16-Vien. 1.— Chuéng-Ly, Giam-B&e S& Tu-Phap : Trong quin-hat mdi Toa Thugog-Thim, Chréng-Ly git ehirc Gidm- D&c S& Tu-Phdp va dirge Tdng-Tradng BO Tu-Phip dy-nbi¢m vite to-phip banb.ch4oh trong quan-het minh. Chwong-Ly pbat bidu y-kifn vé Vit cA cdc viéc b8.nbiém, thuyén- ebuyén cae Thtm-Pbén Cong-t6-Vien, dé-nghi viée bd.nhigm cac Lyc-str va tét ci nbao.vien S& To-Ph4p, sat-ngi phigu.ditm vadé-nghi thing-thudng an nhw trirog-phet cdc Tham-Phén edng-té, cdc Ige-sy ya nbda-vido ke trén. 2.— Chuiénag-Ly chi-huy Céng-t6-vién : © mdi Toa Thugng-Thim, t&t ch quyto cOng.té déu trao cho mét minh Chudog-Ly. Pho Chugng-Ly va Thim-Ly chi dir vao vie thl-hanh quy@n céog- 16 khi n&0 dirge Chudng-Ly dy-quyén. Charéng-Ly ¢6 quya dich than phat bitu ¥ ki€n tai cdc phién toa Jong-trong va che phién toa dei-bink, Nhung tai cde phién tda throng, Churdag-L? thang by-quyéa cho Phé Chréng-Ly hay Thim-Ly thay mat. Chwéng-Ly 6 quydn tdng kidm-sokt cdc cong vide cla Céng-T6-Vien tai cdc Toa-dn cfp so-thim thudc quao-bat, Doi voi chic vigc lien-quan dén Chénh-Phi, khi mht dirgc 1di yéu cau cba Tdng-Tredog BO Tu-Phap, Chudéog-Ly sé tudn theo cdc bodo-l¢oh ma Tam etc gidy ty ebo-thigt d8 chuytn gino cde vite dé sn ig tda-an co thim-quy@n. 40Chadng-Ly cing cé quy2n kitm-soat sy tif hanh cong vic thm.ckn c&c vide hiob tal e4c (6a-4n trong quan-bal, Chudog-Ly co th® khang-cio tt c& én-lénk cia Dy-Tham lén Phong Luao-Tol, Chirbng-Ly lap ede hd-so An-xd, An-giaw, xin tem tha cé dito-kién, cho ¥ kién rdi gdi [én Tdng-Trugog BO Tu-Phép. Chuéng-Ly cé thé iy cho mgt Thia.Ph4a trong quan-het dfn 1 Toa Hoa- Gidi Rong-Quy&n 48 thi.banh nbiém-ry Cong.td-vieo. Trong pham-vi thim-quyén cia minh, Chudag-Ly trong nom vite thi hanh cic dgo-lugt, sfc-I¢ab va quy-t&e hiéo haob. Chudng-Ly c6 quyéa thi baab c&c bio 4n binh-sy bay dan-su v2 céc digu-khodn lién quan dén trét.ig chung. Chiréng-Ly co quyén tri¢u-dung biab-lue chi€u theo lugt.dinb, Ciog ohw Chéoh-Nhét, Chuéng-Ly pbii chioh minh bay phdi cd: Vi Tbim-Posa Toa Thugog-Tham di kh4m cdc Toa-sa troog qada-bet hoge 6 ky ban nbitt dink hoc kh4m bit thio, xong béo c4éo léo Tdng-Tragog Be To-Phép. Chudéng-Ly co nhiém-vu kiém-so4t va coi sd¢ vite quap-tri c4c lac-th4t, céc nba trirng.giéi trong quan-het. Churdng-Ly con cé quy@n gidm-d6c t&t cd cdc nhéo-viéa phy-trich chob- 4t tu-ph4p, cdc cOng-lai, cong-cbirng ¢4: quan-ly véa-khé trong quin hat. b,— Thanh-phan: Theo thuéng l¢ mdi Toa Thagog-Thim gdm cé hai Padag: Padang obit va Phong nbi, Tuy abién vi ly do cong.vu Tdng-Tradog BO Tr-Paap 6 th? thigt-lap them mot bay obigu phong noire. Phong nbirt do ©. Chaoh-Nhtt chit toa, cé 2 HOi-Thim phy-ige. Phang hai va phong ba (au cd) do mot Chanh-Aa.Phong cha tea, ciiag cd thén 2 HOl-Tham phu-hre. Cée Phong tel Toa Thugng-Thim phan chia ohi¢m-vg xét wr cde vic kbdog.e4o céc ban 40 dan-sir, thuong-sir va binb-sir do c4: Toa Sz-Thim va Hda-Gidi ROag-Qay@n trong quao hat tnyéo xi. Ngoai ra, Toa Thurgog-Thim con cd mot Phong Luga-Tol do md: Chénh- 4n-phdng cha toa voi 2 HOi-Thim phu-le. Phong Luan-Toi 66 thaae-quyza : — thim.v&n céc vy dai-binb, — xét xi vite khdng-cho 4n-Igoh cia Du-Toim — chip don xin khéi-pbuc cOng-qayén. HHPhién Toa cong khai 141 cd cde phong Adi lai {phién Toa long trong) cha Toa Thugng-Tham Phiéa Toanay do Chdob-.Nhet cht toa, va gdm tit ef cdc Chanh-ac-phoog va Hoi-Tha.n, Chuénog-Ly ngdi ghé Cong-16.vido. Chanb-Luc.su Toa Thirgng- Tham git but ky. Phién Tos cong khai tét ca cdc Phong boi laid? nbaa Idi tuyén.thé coa che Thiw-Pbhan Toa Thugog-Thim, d8 xu mot Thim-Phao phem 101 titu- hiob bay dgi-hiah, Bai Hfi-Bing Toa Thugng-Thim: Bai HOi-D3ng gdu cd tht ci chc Tham-Phin xi an va Thim-pban cOng-16 cia Toa Thugng.Thim, bop & trong phong Ngbi.da do Chaob- Noet chi toa, Chadag-Ly ngdi déi diéa voi Chanb-Nout va tuyéa bé vé muc- dich phién hop. Dai HO'-Dbog phat bidu y kifn vé don xin oh&m chire vA xét xit che vu pham k¢-lugt trong kbi thi han’ chirs-ngbiép cia ede cOng-lai (lugt.su, quar. 1§ vin-kbé, thiza-phat-lei, hd-gid-vién) trovg quin bat. Ban Dgi-Hinh Téa Thirgng-Tham Bao Dsi-Hioh Toa Thugng-Thia do mot Chanh-Aa phong ebi tos, co hai Hoi-Tham rgdi ghé pbu-thim va bai pbu-thim obaén dan Ia céng dao Vigt.Nam. Chi duge ctr lam phu-thim ohan dan céc cOng-dan Viét-Nam, 30 tudi cbAn, khong cé ign An, co dd cOng-quyo va d&c-quyén, khong pbai la nbao.vien cde co-quan tu-phap, muc-au, binb si tai nga. Cae Thim-Phén Ban Bai-Hiah Toa Thugog-Thim va cc phy-thim ohan dan cdognbau quyét diab theo da 36 v8 tat cd cdc kbodn lien can déntOl trang En céc (radng-bop tang 11 hay gidm (icing 1a vic dp-dung binb-pbat. Ban Dai-Hioh Toa Thigag-Thim bop ba thang mOt lao. Tat ch an van do Ban Bai-Hinb céc Toa-dn cép so-thiim xir (Tda So-Thim ya Toa Héa- Giai Rong-Quy&a) déu cé th? khdng c4o lén Ban Bai-Hioh Toa Thugng-Thim. niéT Ww Taa Pha An Sau agay ky ket Hi¢p-Uoc Viet.Phap 8-3-1949, thau-bdi cba-guyén tr. Phép d6i voi nguoi Vigt-Nam, mot Ti.Cao Phép-Vitn di durgc thi8t i$p do Du 03 5 ngay 18-10-1949 gdm cé 3 ban: Ban Ta.Phép, Bao Haoh-Chanb va Ban Thim-Tra K€Todn. Quin ba TéiCao Phép-Vi¢o gdm toda lioh thd Vi¢t-Nam. 42Méi nim, ehi€u d2-ngbi cia Tdng-Trwéog BO Tu-Phip, mot Vien. Tradng T6i-Cao Phip-Vien va mot Chudng-Ly TSi.Cao Phép-Vitn duge bd- nbiém, do S&e-l¢ab cia QuSc-Tradng troag nhiém ky mot nim. Vién-Tradog T6i-Cao Phap-Vién dirge chon trong 3 vi Chanh-Nbet be Toa Thugng- Tham Hacdi, Hu€, Saigon, bai vj Chaénh-Nbit khéng dirgc chon sé la HOl- Thim try luc Ong Vigo-Tewdng (3! Ban Tu-Phap. Cou Chudog-Ly Téi-cao Phap-Vi¢n thi dage chon trong 3 vi Chrdog-Ly chia 3 Toa Thurgag-Thiim nay. Tréo thye té, tt nim 1950 dfn cudi nim 1954 chi cé6 Ban Tu-Phap hogt dong. Dbn nim 1951, Ban Thim-Tra K-Todn duge bai bd va sau ngay ky kEt Hiép-Dioh Genéve (20-7.1954) c&t doi linh thd Viel-Nam tei vi-tay€o 17 va sau khi cdc Toa-4n bda-hgp Viét-Phap bi bai bd (16.9-1954), T6i-Cao Padp- Vigo duge chi td lal, mot Toa Pha-An va md! Tham-Cninb-Viéo, phong theo 13 chirc tu-phap tei Phép.Quéo, drys thi€t-lap 42 thay thé 2 Baa ; Te- Phap va Haab-Chaaoh cia Té:-Cao Podp-Viéo ci. Ter nim 1955 dén nay, mot Toa Phd-Aa da duc thiét-l$p va boat-doug that su, quén hat gdm toao lab-thd Viel-Nam tr vi-tuyéa 17 tré xudog, try ao dat igi Tod.B6 Viet.Nam, sd 76 dudéag Hdng-Thap.Ty Saigon. Th-chire : Toa Pha.An gdm cd m$t Chanh-Nhit, mot Chanb-do Phong va 6 HQi- Thim. Chire-va céng-t5 giaocho mot Chwing-Ly dam-obi¢m, cd mgt Pod Chadog-Ly phu luc. Phdag Luc-su do mOt Lyz-sy Tradag ditu kbita, c6 nhiga Ly:-se va The. ky glup viée. Toa Phé.An chia lam 2 phong : 1) Phong Dan.sw do Chdob.Nott chi tos, co hai Hdi-Todm phy Ire, xét xt che vige thugog-t6 vé dan-st va thirong-st, 2) Phong Hlab-sy do Chéoh-Aa Phong chi toa, cd hai Hgi-Thim phu lye, xét xir cho vite thugag-t6 vé binh-sr. Diéu-hanh ; M&l phdag cia Toa Paé-Aa sé hop it nhitt mdi thang mdt ky, che phiéa air d8u cng khai. Tham-qayen : Toa Phd-Aq xét xir vé t&t cd cdc doo xin phé chic ban &n (6-tung chung thim v2 dan-su, thuong-s7 va binh-sy, 43Tat ed cc Tba.én thudc hé-thdng tu-phap, ngoai trix cae Toa-dn Quan-sy tai Mat Tréo va Toa-an Dac-Big!, déu dege dat duéi quyéo kitm-sost cia Toa pbé-Ac, vé binh efiog ob vé bd. Toa Phd-An chi xét xem bao dn bi thagng-td co lam diing theo tht-thire lugt.dinb khong, co 4p-doog duog phap-lug! khong chi khong xét déo tinh ty vu kiéo. Chi 6 th® xin pha-dn vi 4 ly do ke si — v6 thin-quytn bay lam.quyén — vi-lvat — b&t tudn cde the-thirc ma& luat-phip da @gjt ra va da fo-diob ring néu khOug tudo thi sé v6 bi¢u, trong cdc gidy to ve tha-tuc (6-tung bay trong chc dn-vin. — ¢6 su tieng phan glita 2 baa 4n cing xir v8 mot vige cia 2 Toa- fa khac ohau, ET V Céc Toa dn D§c-Thdm 1, Tda-an Nha Phd Toa-4n Nba Phd duge thiétlap d& xét xi cde wy tranb-lung gitra chi nbh va ngadi thué qui-dinh do: — Du 86 4 ngay 2-4-1953 vé nba thué d? & ho&e ding ve thi-céng nghé bay nght-ngbiép ; — Dy sé 17 ngay 3-6-1953 vé nha thué 42 lam thyoog-mii hay bY ngbe, Trén thye 1€ Tda-Ao Nb& PhS do Chinh-An Toa So-Thim (ho&c mot Tham-phén duge ty-nbitm) hay Chaob-An Toa Hoa-Gidi Roog-Quyéa noi toa lac bit-dong-sin xét xb, nbang thii-tuc dirge gidn oa. Ao cia Téa-én Nha PhS cé thé khdag céo [tn Téa Thagng-Thim va thugng-t6 lén Toa Pha-An obu do dao-sy cia Tda.dn so-chp. 2. Tda-dn Lao-DOng Thigt-lap do BO Lugt Lao-Boog (Du 3615 ngky 8-7-1952) gd Chénb-Aa, 2 bdi-thim dai-di¢n gli chi.nbAa, 2 bdi-thAm dai-di¢o gi nhan va I tho-kf. Cée bdi-tham duge cbf diah biiag cich rit thim trong s& ohikng ngwdi © téa trong che danh-sach do Toanh-Tra Lao-BOng cip Phin thiétlap sau bi tham-khéo j-ki€o cia cic t8-chir: ngh2-nghiép Hén-bé. cot céng- 44Tda-in Lao-BOag xét xit cde vy cé-vh4n phin.tranh xay ra gitra chil pb4o va cong-nbAa troog dip thi-hanh khé-réc lao-ddng (cae vu cOng-ddng- phan-traoh do HOi-ddng trong-tai phan quyét), Hién nay co 8 Toa-dn Lao-Dong duge thiét-ldp tei bing tind va d6-thi qoan trong vé phuong-dién k¥-nghé va thong-mai : 5 (gi Nam-phan (Saigon, Bién-Hoa, Mj-Tho, Cin-Tho, Dalat) va 3 t9i Truog-Phan (Hof, Db-Niog, Nha.Trapg). Tai obiag noi chia tbi8t-lp Tda-dn Lao-Bong thi céc vu pbAn-iranh k& frén do Tda-an dap-syr (Tda So-Tham hoge Toa Hda-Giai ROng-Quyén), ap dung BO Luat Lao.Boog xét xi. Vé vite kbdag cao, cd 2 trudog hyp; — Néo bao 4n bi khang, do Tda-4o Lao-DOag tuyén thi viéc khang 40 s@ do Téa So-Tham hoge Tda Hoa-Gudi Rong-Qoyén xét xi chung-thi uo; — N€u ban 4n bi khdng do Téa So-Thim hoSe Tos Hda-Giai Roog-Quyén, dp-duog BO Luét Lao-Bong toyén, tb yigc kbang cho s8do Toa Thugng-Thim xét xir chung-thaa, Nbitog an chung-tham cia Toa an Leo-Déog cé th bi thugng-'s In Toa Phé.An vi ly do lam-quyén hay vi- lu@t. 8, Téa-an Thigu-nbl Toa dn nay xét xir cic thi€a-nhi dudi 18 tudi can 191 dgi-bioh bay tiu-hinb. Thanh.phin Toa aa Thi€o-nbi gdm cé ; a) Cép So-Thiim titu-hink : 1 ThAm-Phin ngdi ghé Chanh-An b) Cap Thugng-Thim titu.hinh : 1 HQi-Tham Toa Thugog-Thim ngdi gh€ Chanb.A>,2 Thim-Phao ogdi ghé phu-tbim, ©) Cap So-Tham dgi-hink ; Chanb-An Toa-an Thi€u-nbi (cp so-thim titu bioh) ngdi gbé Chénb-An, 2 phy-tham nh@n-dao, d) Cap Thugng-Tham dqi-hink ; 1HQi-Thim Téa Thwgng-Thim ngdi ghé Chénh-Thim, 2 phu-thim nbao dan. Cie Thim.Ph4a Tda-dn thigu-nbi do Nghi-dinh cia Téng-Trudng BO Te- Phap chi diab. Cong-\3.vito vain 1a Cong-!6-vien trage Toda Tito.binb. Hién nay tai Vigt-Nam Cong-Hoa €6 4 Tda-dn Thi€a-ohi cdp so-~tbiim xir vige titu-blob ya dei-binh tai: 65— Saigon — Diob-Tesng — Hué — Nba.Traog va 2 Téa-tn Thi€a-nhi cSp Thwgng-Thim xi vé vite titu-bloh va dai. hiob tal; — Saigon — Hué. Tai noi nao khong cd Toa-4n Thi&u-Nhi thi Tda-dn thedng sé xir, nhirog phai dp-dung thii-tuc d&c-bi¢t trac cic Tda-an Tai€a-Nhi. 4, Tdatn Dac-Biét Dién-Dja Toa dn Ditn-Dia duge thi€t-lap da xét xé nbitag sy vi-pbam va tranh tung xay ra nb&o khi thi haob cbanb-séch cai-cdch dién-dia, Hiéo nay cé 4 Toa-an Ditn-Dia dirgc thié: lap tai Saigon, Long-An, Diah- Tueng vA An-Giang. Try-sé va quan.bgt cha 4 Tda-ha ditn-dia nay 1a try-s& va quéo-bal cia 4 Tde-dn so-clp tu-phap tai ohitng ooi £2 trén. Thanb-phin Tdadn Ditn-Dia gdm ¢é6 1 Chénb.An va 2 phu-thim. Chénb-Aa Toe-An D.to-Dia 1A Chdnb-An Tda-da efp so-tbim tu-pb4p, phong 2 phu-tbim la cOng-chire hanh.cb4nh. Téa-an Bi&o-Dia con 06 1 Us- Vitn Chinb-Phii git chirc eOug-t6 va mot tho-ky cd mit tai phién Toa cong khai git but lue. Tai nbfing noi chwa td-chire Toa.Aa Diga-Dia, Tba So-Thim hoje Téa Hda-Gidl Roog-Quyéa sé tel, vol thaoh pha y nguyéacia Toa nay, sé thay {h€ Toa-do Dido-Dia dd xét xir. Aa vio cia Téa-dn Di8n-Bia dirge col la chung-quyét. Tay ohiés, mudn e6 bigu-tge chp.baab, cdc 4n-via dé phdi dege Hpi D3ng Ch'-Cach D.8n. Dia ch&p-ihngo, N€o bac bd mOt Ao-van nao, HOi-Ddng sé cbi din mot biéa phap hofe mot dadng 101 va giao cho mgt Tba-da Dido.Dia lan c4a xét xt Tai vu kin, 5, Tda-4n Quan-su Toa-in Quin-sy dage td-chire do BQ Quan-Luit, Hién cé 4 Toda-do Quan-sy tai: — Saigon — Hot— Nba-Trang — Cin.tho, Thanb-pbia cba Téa-4n Quan-sy gdm ed 1 Chanh.Thim chon trong 35 cdc Tham-Phin Dac-sy cia Toa Thugog-Thm ma trong quan-hated iry-sé eta Toa-da qu&a-sy va 4 Tham-phan quan-nban lam phu-thim. Chirc-v¢ cdng-t6 durge giao cho mét Uy-Vieén Chanb-Phiv cing quan whan. Toa-do Quén-sy xét xi t8t ch nhftog vu pham phép do quan-nhan gay ra, cae su pham phap cbhanb-trj va nhing khinh-t6i bay trong.t6i x4m phem @€o na an-oith qué:-gia khong phan biét bi can la quan nban hay thwdog dan. BO Quan Ludt efiog minh dink nbirog tradng-hgp md can pham thudng dan thude thim.quy8a Toa.an Qudo-sy, Céc bin 4. cba Toa-4o Quén-sr d2u chung-thi a va chi duge thugog.té tén Toa Pad-An ma thdi. 6. Toa.dn Quan-Su tai Mat-tran Tei mdi viog Caién-Thudt (4 Vong) cé mot Tda-4o Quaén-Sir fai Mat Tran ma thanb-phdn gim cé : — 1 Codab-Thim thye tbu va | Chéoh-Thim du kbuyét déa ebon trong ad cd: ai-quan cé c&p bac dai t4 tré lén, phue.vu tai Vang Chi€éa-Thugt lién he ; — 4 Pby-Thim chon trong hang sf-quan va ba si-quan tei Vang Chifn- Thuét lide be; — 1 Uy-Vién Codnb-Phi chen trong bang si-quan tbndc Nba Quén-Phap ; — 1 Lyc-su Trudog, quan nban, ¢6 Lyc-su va Tho-ky giup viée. Toa-an QuSa-Su tai Mat Trgn xét xi cic vu pham-phap qua-tang xdy ra trong sudt (hoi gian co tinb-trang kbda-cSp, tai laah thd Vong Chi€n-Thuat. Vol cdc dita kién trén, déi véi quan nhao va nh4o vién Dia-phoong-quan Toa-4o Quan-Suy tai Mat Tr§ae¢d tham quy@m dé xét xit moi kbiob-tgi va trong-toi; 45i voi cdc thudng dan, Toa-an fy chi cé thic-quyén xét xir cdc toi xam pham ao-ninb Qué:.Gia va cic tot ma BO Quaén-Lugt 44 minh diob réog can pbam thadng dan ceiling thude Tda-4a Quan-ar, V2 tha-luctray.'8, cfc bi can bi daa thang ra traéc Toa, khong cio thim- vn sokhol. Tda-an Quan-sy tai Mai Trao xi chung.thim. Moi phirong.ehudc khang c4o bay pha.én khéng ép-duog. 7. Toa-n Bac-Bigt Tde-dn Digc-Bigt dirge thi&t 1gp do Shc-luat 95 3/66 ogay 15.21966 trong sudt thei glan bao bd Unb-trang chi€a-traab, quao hat bao gdm toan thé Minh qthd Vidt-Nam, try.s& dit tai Saigon. Néu cio, Tda-4a D¥e-Bi¢t cd the xt Tiru-dong. Thapb-phin Tds-An Dke-Biét gdm co : — 1 Chénb-Thim do Cbii-Tich Uy-Ban Liab-Dj3o Qu6c-Gia (Quée- Trang) bd.obi¢m. —2Pphu-Thin do Chi-Tich Uy-Ban Hanb-Phép Trong-U'ong (Thi- Taéog) bd-nbiém. —1Uy-Vieo Chanh-Phi val bay ohi8a Phé Uy-Vién Chénd-Phi do Cha-Tich Uy-Ban Hanh-Phap Trung.U'ong (Thi-Tadng) bd.nbi¢m, — 1 Lyuc-sr Trordng co obidu Luc-sur va Tho-ky gitp viec. Toa-hn Djc-Bigt e6 thion-quy&n xét xir cde t{l-pbam li¢t-ké saa day, bit lugn bi can la qudv-nban bay thudng dan : — Cée {01 diu-eo, chuy&a ngao phi phap, buéo lau va cdc viepham luat quan-thu€ n€u tai vat ho&e ngan khoda tri gf4 ty 50,0005 trd len. — Céc ti b6i-19, hOi mai quy@n th€, dita thi céng-quy, néu tal vat hose ng&n khoan hofe ca hai tri gid tir 500,000$ tr lén. ‘Toa.dn Dgc-Bigt xt chung.thim va khong dirge thrgng-l6 lén Toa Phé-Ac. 8, Cac Tda-4n Phong-Tyuc Thigng Cic Tda-dn nay dirgc thiét-lap do S&c-luat s6 6/65 oghy 22.7.1965 tal 7 tinh thud: miéa Cao-nguyéo Trung-Paan Viét-Nam : Darlac, Qoang-Dire, Tuyén- Dirc, Lim-Béng, Pleiku, Kontum, Phu.Bdo, diva tréa nguyén-t&c c&n-bin 1a vira tn trong phong-tgc t@p-qudén cla ddng-bao thitu s6 ngudi Thirgng vita toa Irong ché-qny&n tu-ph4p Quéc-Gia Viét-Nam, nbAm thyc-hién chénh-séch doan-két giita ogadi Thigog va ogudl Kinb (Viel.Nam). Cac Toa-dn phong-tuc Thargng tréa thirc-16 khong pbai la nhitog Toa 4n Tieng bi¢t. H¢-thdng c42 t0a.40 nay durge th4p vao céc co.cMu hanb-chdab va ta-pbap qudc-gia hién sin co & tei cdc cip. © edp X4, thanb.phita toa an phong-ige Thugng gdm cO Chi-Tich Uy- Pao Hanb-Chénb X& lam Chaoh-Ao va 2 pho-thim ngwét Thegng. Ts cp Qujo, Toa dn Thugng do Quan.Tragag klém Todm-Pada Hda- Gidi lam Chd4nb-Aw, cd 2 phu-thin ngwdi Thagng phu (4, © ellp Tob, t91 m5i Tda-4a Quée-gia (Toa Hoa.Gédi Rong-Quy8a) duge 48thi€-lép mot Ban Thugog-Vu gdm 1 Chaob-An Thirgng va 2 pho-thim Thuong phy-ta. & cép Thugog-Thim, méi kbl xét xir nbitng vu kién gia ngwdi Thwgng, thtob-phiin phién Toa Towgng-Toiim Ja thaab.phdn thudng 1¢ gdm tbém 2 phy-thim ogre) Thugog. Tai Ban Bai-Hiob, trong tbhaab-phio thadng le, hai pbuy-tbiim nguéi Thugng thay tb€ 2 pbu-th4n nbao-dan ngudi Kinb (Viét-Nam), Trén uguyén.t&c, cic Tda-hn phong-tuc hanb-sir quy€a tai-pban d&i voi ogadi Thirgng, ogoal trix nbitog troong-hgp ma luat dioh kha&c. BOI voi nbifog vu phan oghich, xAm-;ham an-ninh quéc.gia, hose obitng vu tranh- tung ve bo gifta ngudi Thuegng vA ogedi Kinb +a nbiog vu 4a vé binh khi c6 ngudi Kinb lien hé, Tda dn Quée.gia cae ofp theo thi n-quy2n a& xét xi, nbwog thanb-phan Toa 40 Qu6c.Gia 98 gdm them phy.ttim ngadi Thegng. V8 ludt 1¢ ap-dung giita ngudi Thirgag, c4c Tda-4a phong-tuc Thagng 4p-dung nhitog qudo-l@ va phong-tuc dia-phirong, miéa la king trai voi trétto cOng-cdug. * PHAN THU HAI Hé-théng céc Tde-4n Hanh-Chanh Truéc thoi Phdp thude, tai Viét.Nam khéug ¢é tds-40 banb-ebdob nao ca, Moi quy@o-haoh déu tép trang troag tay nha Vue, cdc quan chic thay mat vua 2 cai tri, dai chi chiu tré:h.nhiém traéc voa ma thé, Kbéng co tda-én pao dirge quy2o kidm-sodt tint céch hgp phép cia c4s baoh-vi banb.chéoh va x4c nb@n tréch-nhi¢m cha vua hay eta Qude.gia 461 voi dan ching. Trong thoi Phdép thuge, cflng khong €4 (da-4n nado cd quy®n ché-tai cdc hanh-vi banb-chénb cla Hoang-dé Viet-Nam hogec cia cdc quao chitc théng thugc Hoang Trigu. Tuy nhiéo d6i vei nbitng haah-vicia cée co-quan Phip ban babb taf Vidt-Nam, nheet Ja tat Nam-Poiia lic dy la mot thuge dia Paap wa tei cic nbiong dia (Hanoi, Hai-Podag, Di-Niog) thi mot hé-thng tai-phao haab- chéob duge Podp thiét-lap gdm co Tham.Coiah.Vign Padp va mot Hgi-ddng 18i-phan banb-chéah Bong-Durong c6 thim-quyén todm cdi Dong-Dicog. Tir 1950 dén ngay 16-9-1954 : Tropg khodng théi-gian nay, hai hé-théng ph4p-dinh hanb.chinh {gi Viét-Nam c6 thim.quyo xét xir ohitng vu tranh-iung hanh-chaob, ty theo quée-lich cia céc dwong-sur = 491) — Hé-théng hén-hop Phép-Viét gdm co tda-dn binh-cb4oh bén- hgp tai Dalat va mot Hoi-Béog Thergug-Thim héa.byp ben canh Tham. chinh-Vién Phap. 2) — Hé.thing Vigt-Nam gdm co Toa-in Hanh-Chaoh va Ban Hanh. Chanb T6j-Cao Phép-Vieo Viét-Nam. Sau kbi Hi¢p-rée Tu-pbap duge ky-két voi Phdp-Qu6e ngay 16-9-1954 Viét.Nam d@ thau di toan veo eb quyén tu-phap trén toda linb-thd qudc- gia, ché-d9 phap-dieh bén-hgp (tu-pb4p Jin hanb-ehanb) bi bai bd va do dé chi con lai mot hé.thdng tai-phan hanh-chanh quéc-gia. Hé-th6ng may gdm cé Téa-An Haob.Codoh va Tham-ehinb.vién, Ngoai ra cdn c6 mOt phap.dinh dic-bi¢t cé tanh cach haoh-chanb 1A Toa an cip-daGnog thade quyéo ki#m-soat cha Tham-chinb-viéa. TET E Tda-An Hanh.Chénh Hign nay tai Viet-Nam COng-Hoa chi cé mot Tba-dn Hanh-Chaoh, tru s& dit tai Saigon, quan-hat gdm todn Mink-thd Quéc-gia. Thénh-phain : Toa an Hanb-ch4nh gdm cé : — 1 Chanh-Ao —1Chanb-An Du-kbuyét —1 Uy-Vien Chéob.phis — 186 Hoi-Tham tay theo nhu-chu cong-vu 1 Tbng Tho-ky cé nbidu tho-ky tr¢ lye. Trén thie t€, Tda-da Hanb-Cbanh Vi¢t-Nam hién chicé 1 Chaoh-An, 2 HO1-Thim va 1 Uy.viéa Chdoh-Poa, Céc Thm-Phén tai Tda 4o Hénb-Chanh d@u thude ogach Thim.Phéa Hanb-Chaob. Tham-quyén ; Toa 4m Hanh-chinh xi; 1) So-thitm ; a) che vu ddi b3i thadng lin quan 48n eéc phip-mban banh.chanh, b) ede vu ki¢n xin tiéu hay cde quyft-dioh hanb.chinh 6 taub cach 4 abao, lién quan dén tinh-treng banh-chdoh ela cde vién-chire bd-nbi¢m do ngbi-dinh cia Tdog-Trudng, B4-Tredng, Dai-bita Chaob.Pba va Tinh-Trudpg.¢) céc vg tranh-tung Mém.quan dén moi cndc tuyta.cir hang tinh, bang quén, hang xa, 2) So va chung thiim ; Cée vu kién lién quan dén moi van d® thud trac-thu va thué d3ng héa véi thu€ truc-thu, Tern Tham.-Chinh-Vien Tham-Cbiab-Vita 18 Toda-dn cao nbitt trong hé thSag phip.diok haoh-chdah durge thi€t-l4p va td-chire do Du s6 38 ngay 9-11-1951 dd thay thé pan Hanh-Chéoh Téi-Cao Phap-Vign ci bi bai bd. Qudo-hat Tham-chinb.vim gdm toan edi Viét-Nam. Tru 3% d&t tai Saigon. I— Thanh-phan : Tham.Chinh-Vign gdm cé nbitng co-quan sau day : — mot ban tai phd — mt ban hanh-chéoh — mét dgi-hoi dog Tham-chinb-vi¢n — mot phdag Tong Tho-by. Nhas.vitn Tham-Chinb-Viéo gdm cé : — mot Chi-Tich — mt hay bai Phé Chi-Tich — mot s6 C5-Vao va Taam-Nghi — m6t Tdng Tho-ky cé nbiéu tho-ky phu lire. A.— Chi-Tjch Tham.Chinh.Vign cé nbigm.vy + a) chi-toa ban taipbén va ban banb.chénh. Chi-Tich Tham-Chinh. Viéo 06 thé dy.nhiém cho Phé Chi-Tich chi toa ban banb-chdnh. b) dOn déc va kitm-sodt hoat-dong t8ng quat cla Tham-chinh-vién. c) phan chia cong viée cho c&c ban. d) thay mgt Tham-Chiob-Vién troug sp giao thiép vol céc co-quan chinh.quy@n va ty-nhan. B. Ban Tal Phan gdm cé ; — 1 Chanh-Thim — 2 HO-Toim — 1 Uy-vién Chdnh-Phi, def di¢a ludt-phap. 51Chéab-Thim dige chon trong bang Chi-Ticb, Phé Chi.Tich hay CS.Van Tham.Chioh-Vi¢a, H61-Tbim va Uy-Viéo Chaob-Phi chon trong baag Cd.Viin. C. Ban Hanh-Chénh gdm cé : — 1 Chd-Tich, chon trong bang Phé Chi-Tich hay C3-Vin — 2 C6é.Van _~ m6! 8 Tham-Ngbi tay theo nbu.cku cOog-vu. N€u xét e&n, Chi.Tich Tham-Cninb-Vién vin cé tht chit toa ban nay. Trong mdi vu, Chii-Tich ban Hanb.Ch4uh ec mot c6-vin Jam thuyét- trink-viée, D. Bat Hi.Béng Tham-Chinh-Vién gdm todo tht Thim.Phan tog ait tai Tham-Chiah-Viéo, do Chi-Tich Tnam-Chinb-Vién chi.toa. 2. Thiim-quyén ; A. Ban Tal-Phén cé thim.quyén : 1) pbuc.thAm cde biia-4a do Toa-4n Hanb-Chioh xi so-thdm ; 2) xét xir ede viée xn phé cd: bao-4n do 1da-40 Hanh-Chanb bay nbitng phap.diah cé ténh c4ch hanb-chdoh xit chung.-tham ; 3) so va chung.tbim nhitng vide xin thi tiéa cac qu) é{-dinh haoh-chaob, cd-nh4n hay l@p quy, cO nbirog li-tich sau day; a— lem quyén (détournement de pouvoir) b— v6 thim-quyén (incompétence) c— vi lugt (violation de Ja loi) d— khong ¢6 ly do bay cin ctr vaoly do khong xdc thre (absence ou inexactitude des motifs), 4) Se va chung-tbham moi vu tranb-teng lién quan dén tinh-trang banb. chdab cha che cOng-ebite do Séc-l¢nh hay Ngbi-dioh cia Quéc-Trudng bé-nhiém, Ngoai ra, Ban Tai-pbda Tham.Chioh.Vign cdacé thim-quyéo xét xi mot vai logi tranh tgog do obirng dgo lugt riéng qui dink now: xi so va chuog {bm phirog va tranb-tung lién quan dta ci cude bau cir vao cae hoi-ddng fon qué y-st dodn, nha-si doam, bO-sinh doan, duge-st dosn; xét xa cac don khang cio cia y-si, nha si, sin ba, dage-si ddt voi eds quyét.diah cia Hoi Bog doan di tit.ch6i khong ghi téo dong ar vao dann sach doaa, xét don thirong.t5 cia cic y-2i, nba-si, sia ba va dirge-ai doi voicde phan nghi cia Ban Kj-Lugt Hoi.d6ng dodo, xét xit nhiog vu tranh-:hSp Leo quan déo vite kiem lanh ede cp dadag cho cac quan nban va ngudi ké quyéo ; 52B. Ban Hanb-chaénh ¢6 2 thim-quyén : — thim.quy2o c6.vin — tbim-quytn dy phap 1, Thém.quyén cé-van ; Ban Hanh-Chaéoh Tham-Chiok.Viéo phat bien ¥ kién va nbfog van kien sau day: a) nhbweng quyén khai thac mét nguyén lida thiéa nbiém cha Quée-Gie, m6t cong-vu hay mt doc-quyén throng-mii ; b) khé-wéc hanh-zh4oh gitta mét co quan banb.ch4nb va tr nban, khi gia tri ngang ho&e bon 500.000$00 ; c) cho pbép cae phép nhan hanh-cbioh ohn abéng tang dit bang tiga hay hién vat, cé didu kin kem theo. d) thi8t Igp boke b&i bé cée céng-coc hambchanh quée-gia hay dia-phwong. 2, Thitm-quytn dy-phép : Bao Hanh-Chénh Tham.Chinb-Vién : a) Phét bidu y-kién vé nbitng dir thao Ingt, sfe-lénh, nghi-dink néa co quan lp pb4p hoge Chanb-Phi yénu eda ; b) Phat bitu y-ki€n vé nhitog da thio luat, sfc [énb, noghi dink ma Chdoh-Phi bat bugc phai héi ¢-kiém vi d@ diye qui dimh trong mot dgo-lujt bode vi: — liéa quan dén moi quyén tr-do céng dan ; — liéo quan d€a quy ch€ céng chic, quy ché moi oghé nghiép tu do; — liga quan d€a vie cAi (8 n&o hanh cbéah quéc-gia hay dis phirong — lién quan d€n céng-thai ; — liéa quan dén t8 chive Tda-4n hagh-chdoh va Tham-Chioh-Vién. Nhung y kién céa Tham.Chiob-Viéa khong bao gid bd bude co quan dirng boi, C.— Dai Hg!-Déng Tham-Chinb.Vien : — Pod bidu y-kién v8 vite 4p-duog obitng khoda tring phat d6i voi céc Thim.Podo baoh-cb4ah pham ay Inat. Ngoki ra, Cai-Tich Tham-Caiab-Vito cb th® dy-ahiém cho Dai HO! Ddng: 5d— thim dink nbiing vu traoh-tung hanb-ch4nh quan trong ; — phat bidu ¥ kiga v8 nbiog dir thio lugt, Sde-lgnb va Nghi-diah quan frong. N&u xét eo, Dai HOi-B3ng Tham-Chiob-Vién c6 quyéa dz ngbi Iéa co-quan lip-ph4p bay Cb4ab-Paid sire ddi nhitog dibm t6i ngbie, ho&c mau thu.in, hode khiém kbuyét trong n&a php-luat hiée tai. Dai Hgi-p3ng Tham-Chinb.Vien con ¢6 thd phat bidu y kita v8 nhttog yan dé bi&n-ph4p, quéc-t€ pb4p bay l&p-ph4p do co-quan l4p-pbép hay Chdab- Phi chuytn sang d2 lay 9 kién. * TOA-AN CAP.DUGNG Cé nbiém vu xét xi nhitog vu tranh eb&p xay ra do sir thi hanh eh€ 46 efp dudog binb si tan ph® cho cac quan nhan Vi¢'-Nam va obitng ngirdi k6 quyén cia ho, fa dinb do Du 36 22 ngay 25-11-1952, Céc vu tranh chip n&y duge xét xi lam 2 c&p; — cap so-thim do Toa so-th3m c&p-dudng Phan. — c&p phic-tham do Toa thrgng-thim cdp-dudng Phin, Ch 2 cp Toa.an vay déucébin ch&t mot Téa dgc thim haab chao mée diu d2u do mO1 ThAm-Phan ta-phap chi toa. 1) Téa So.Thim C&p-Duéng Phan Thanh-phin : Tai qudn bat mdi Toa Thugng-Tbhim dirge thi6t 4p mot Toa Se-Thim cXp.dudog Phan gdm c6 ; — mt Thim-pbée cha Tda-4n din-sir do Chinh-Nh@t Toa Thogag- Tham cir gi& chirc Chanb-Aa ; . — mot y-st va — méOtewn binh-si dang hudng efp.dudng git ebirc Phu-Thim. — mot Oy-Vien Ch4nb-Pba 1a mot cOag-chirc S& Binb-Lirong ; — Luc-sy la Ch4oh Luc-sir bay Luc-sir eda Tda-4o so.thi d&o-se nol thi-pha cia mdi Phin. Tham-quytn ; __ Toa So.Thim c&p.dudog Phin thu ly nhitng don khang td céc quyét- inh cia Tdng-Tredng B¢ Cou Ciiéo-S? ya Phé.Binb thanh todn tia efp daGog ho&e bac bé don xin c&p-dudag, Toa xit cong khai, an vin phai gbi ré ly do va cé thé bi kb4ug cdo Ién Toa Thugng-Thim c&p-duéag Phan. 549) Toa Thire'ng-Thiim C&p-Diréng Phin Trovg quan bet méi Toa Thugng-Thim dage thiét-Igp mot Toa Thirgng- Thim Ciap-Dudng Phin. Thanh.phan gdm ed : — mOt Chaénb-An Phong Téa Thugng-Thim hay mot H6i.Thim thim niga nhét gift chive Chanb-An ; — bai Hoi-Thim Tda Thigng-Tham. Téng-Tradéng BO Ta-Phap hang nim ci 3 vi nay com Toa Thagng-Thim ct bavi Thim-Phan dy khuyét. — mot Uy-vién Chénh-Phi do Tdng-Trudng B$ Quéc-Phong ci nhi¢m trong céc cOng.chie S& Binh-Luong. — Luc-sy la Ch4nh-Luc.Sg hay Lyc-sy Toa Thagng-Tham sd quan, Tham-quyen : Toa Thugng-Thim C&p.Duéng Phin thu If etc vu khang céo 4a cla Toa So-Thim Cip-Duéng Phin do deong-sy hay Uy-Vién Chanh-Phi khang cho. Cée an cia Toa Thiong-Thim Cap-Dudog Phin cé th® bi thugng-15 traéc Tham-Chinob-Vi¢n vi vigt-quyén, lam-quyéa, ¢6 ti+tich v8 hinb.thec hay vi-lugt. VEN BAO-HIEN ‘Vién Bao-Hifa duge thi€t-lap do Luat 86 7160 nghy 23-12-1960, chifu ede digu 85, 86, 87 va 88 cia Hién-Phip ngay 26-10-1956, va ¢6 nbi¢m-vu: a) phan quyét vé tink céch hyp biéa cla cdc dao-luat, s&c-ladt va quy-t%e baob-chénb; b) tham gia y-kiém v8 cde dé-ngbi stra d3i HiSn-Ph’p do Uy-Ban Quée- HOi chuyén dfn. Vitn Bao-Hi€n gdm cé 1 Chii-tich va 8 HQi-Thim,Chi.Tich do Tdng-Thdog chi dink voi su théa-bi¢p cia Quéc-H6l, con ede HOl-Th4m thi b6n do T3ng-Taodag cé chon trong cic Toiim-Padacao cflp hay luat-gia, vi bén do Quéc-Hdi cir chon troag e4c Dan-Bitu, Nbiém-ky cba Chi.Tich va HOi-Thim Vi¢n Bao.Hi€éo 13 nhtém-ky cha Qnde-HOi tire la 3 nam. Vi Chi.Tich dia tién cia Vien Bho. Hifa la 6. Veoog.quang.Nbudog, eiru Tha-Lanh LogtSa Doan va cu Tbog-Trréng Bd Tu-P: 4p va vi Chi-Tich ké tifp a Oog Binh-vdn-Huda, eyu Chéoh Nbit va Chudog-Ly Toa Touwgaog- Thim Saigon. Vigo Bho-Hign d& that sw boat-dOng tir dau nim 1961 cho d&a ngay 1-11-1963 thi xdy ra cude Cich.Mang lat d3 chanb.pbi Ng6.Dinb-Ditm ddng thdi chim dirt nhi¢m-va cia cde eo-quan do Hién-Pb4p ngay 26-10-1956 thitt-lap, Vol Tan Hién-Phip ban banh ngay 1.4.1967,T3i-Cao Phap-V:4n 66 abi¢m-vu giai-thich Higa.Pb4p, phéa quyét v2 td4ob céch hgp-biéo bay b&t bop-hitn cha cdo dgo-lugt, sic-lngt, taab cich bgyp-bi€o cha cic s&c-léob, ngbi-dinh va quyétediab haob-ch4ah », Fd a. KET-LUAN San khi thio bdi toan ven ébi quyén tu-pbdp trén toda lioh thd Qu&e- gla, BO Tu-Phip 44 cd ging thirc hi¢a nhitog ci lién s4u rong hau xay dung mOt gudog méy te-pliép thich bop dé cho lugt nude duge ton trong va dép trog vol nho-ciu-ciing nguyén vong cia toon dan. Chi'trrong cia BO Ta-Phap la oh&m vao dai ching biog ¢4ch dem Cbog-ly dén gin dan. Théng tu 85 9745.BTPIHOV ngay 12.9- 1966 4p-dung sie-lugt s3 17 neay 29-7-1964 +3 circ nhitog phién {da leu dong & cp ae-thim va nghi- 4iob a6 1060.BTPIND, nghy 27-10-1966 4p-dung Du a6 33 ngay 146-1956 56THAM -CHINH- VIEN SAIGONTea THUONG-THAM va SO-THAM SAIGON gS are Tea SO» THAM PHONG - DINHToa HOA~ GtAl RONG - QUYEN QUANG - NGAIToa HOA-GIAl SAIGON Toa LAO-DONG SAIGONt3 chire nhitng phién (da lu dong & cp thiryng-th3m, nbim vio muc tiéu néi trén, Co dén gta dao, Toa-4a moi gay cho ngwdi daéa ¥ thirc v2 sx clo thi€t {6o-trong lugt-phdp d8 ciing c6 nn ph4p-tri, dt lugt-phap va quyéo lgi qu6c-gia trén moi 4p lire. Ngoai ra, voi t8-chitc tr-pbh4p bién tei, sir phan chia céc tda-an lam 2 hé thong riéng biét 1 hé thOng c4c ta 4n tu-phSp va bé thdng c4c Tda-dn hanh- cbdab, voi sir bi¢o di¢n cia mét Téa 4a Hanb-chéoh va mot Tham.Chiob. Vien cho toan lich thd Viét-Nam, Bo Ta-Ph4p kho co thé the hién dage chaoh s4ch d& 4p-dung cho cdc (da-dn tu-phap. Trén thye (6, viedc phdp dinh binh ch4ob 6 qué xa dam chiog (madn xin téu hoy moet quy€t-dinb hanh-ch4aoh cha Tinb-Tradng ngrai din & Quaog-Tri hay & Au-Xuyén phal di-choyén d€n Toa 4n Hanh-Chénh tai Sal gon, xa x6i (6n kém) nén da cho Thim-Phéo Hanb-Chéob cé (ai ba dite dd, cé théu lirgm dage kinb ngblém cha céc mréc van minh tan tigs, di eho 4a 1¢ hanh-chénh cé d3i dao phong phu, cing khOng gitp ich mot cach dic lge va gay dage ni&m tin twéng m&nh liét trong dan chung. Va lei, thitt Jap co quan tai phan baob.chanh ma kb6ng thiét Jap thém Toda Phén-Thim (Tribunal des Conflits) thi mt khi c6 at trong tranh thim quyéa véi eo quan tai phan tw-phap, khong bi€t fy co quan nao d& ma giai quyft, Van 42 cde phép dioh hanb chanh vi v3y can duge dat Igi-trong trong lai, nhan ay thift lap Ti Cao Phap-Vien cé thiim qay&a ph4a quySt v8 cae vu thugng- 18 e4e bin 49 chuog .thdm (tw-ph4p ciing nhy banh.chdah) trong Tan Hign-Phap.CHUONG IV THAM - PHAN Cac Thim-Phin Viét.Nam chiara lam 2 ngaoh; nganbh Thamn-Phda tu. phép pbuc-vu tai cd: Toa-Aa ta-phip va nganh Th3m-Phén hanh-ch4ah phec- yu taicée phap-dinb bagh-chanb. A—Nganh Thiim.Phén Tz-Phdp gdm co 3 nggch: 1.— Ngech Thim-Phin Hba Gial- .— Ngach Thim-Pndn céc Tox So-Thim va Theong-Thim. Quy-ché cia 2 ogeeh trén do Du 96 3 nghy 29-3-1954 An.dink. 3.— Ngach Thim-Phan Toa Phé-An, do Dy 86 28 ngay 2-9-1954 dn-dinh B— Noanh Thim-Phén Héanh.Chénk chi c6 mot ogech goi la ngech Thim-Pb4n Hanh-Chauh do Dy 86 4 ngay 15-11-54 quy-dinh, 1— THE-THOC TUYEN BO Trén nguyén-t&c, céc ThAm-Phdn Vi¢t-Nam chi dge iuytn bd anu khi dd tring tny8n mot ky thi nbép ngach, C4s thi sink phdi c6 qu6c-tich Vigt- Nam, ¢6 ft obirt 22 tudi va nbido nbitt 35 tudi, eo biog ti€n-si bay cir-nban Inat-khoa. Tuy nbién 48) voi ogech Thim-Phdm Hda-Gikl, di@u-ki¢n vin-biing cd pho dé dang hon ; eée thi-siah khong cd biog Cir-nhan lugt-khoa nhung c6 bang Luét-boe Doog-Duang hote t5i-nghi¢p travog Phap-Chioh Hanoi hay trang Cao.hoc Bong-Dacag cii va chc Luc-Sr Toa.An tir hang obi tro Ién ciing duge phép dir thi. Riéng 46i vol cis nggch Thim-Pb4n Toa Ph4-An, ngoal digu.ki¢n vin bing (Tién-si bay Ci-nban Ludt-khoa, cdc bing tuong-duong bat kha chiip), cae trog vién con phai ¢6 git hay dang gitt chtre-vu : — Ho6i-Thim Toa Phé-An hén hep Ba-Lé — Ch4nb-Nbut hay Churéng-Ly Toa Thugng-Thim + Chanb-Aa Padog hay Phé Chudog-Ly Téa Thugng-Thim hang nhit (Saigon). — ChanheAn hay Bi¢n-Ly Toa So-Taiin ngoai baag (Saigon) — Giin-Déc Nba & BO Tu-Pbap ft nbirt dug: 3 mim va da tirog git ehire-vy Toam-Phén & Toa Taugog-Thio ; — Giéo-Sw Toac-st Truong Bai-hoc Luat.khoa, 58— Lugt-ar céc Toa Thugng-Thim & Viét-Nam 6 it obit 10 ném thim nién trong ngbé ke tir ngay dage ghi téa vao danb-bitu lujt-su va di ting lam Toi.Linh hay HOl-Vien trong HO:-Ddng Lugt-su. Cac Thia-Phéo duge tuyta bd do Sac-léab cia QuSe-Trardng va ek di giup vige tai cdo Toa.An do Ngbi-Dioh cia Tdng-Trudog BO Ta-Phap, 1.— THAM.PHAN CONG-T6 VA THAM-PHAN Xi AN ; Vi s6 Tbim-Phdo Vi¢t-Nam biga rit it, t8ng 96 tinh déo ngay 1-5-1967, chi cé 167 nguéi phan ebta nhu sau: — Thim-Phdn Toa Phé-An : 3 — Th3 o-Phéa cic Tda So-Thin va Thugng-Thim : 149 — Thim-Phan Hoa-Giki : 3 — Thm.Phan Hanb.Chéoh : 12 Do dé khéng cé chia ra 2 nghnh: Thim-Phdn cOvg-té va Thim.Phin xit dn riéng biét. Vi nbu cio céng-vy, cac ThAm.Phdn e6 thé dage cit git chite. vu eong-t6 bay chirc-vy xir An hode thuyén-ehuy2n tir chite eOng-t6 qua ehttc. vu xi 4n hay nguge lei do Ngbi-dinh cha Téng-Tradng BO Tu-Phap. ul— BAM BAO VE NGHE-NGHIEP VA NGUYEN.TAC BOC-LAP CUA CAC THAM-PHAN xU AN. Ditu 5 Da 95 3 ngay 29.3-1954 fa-dioh quy-ch8 ngach Thim-Phdn Hoa- Giai va Thim-Pb4n cc Toa S-Thim va Tawrgag-Thim c6 ghi ring: «Céc Thim-Phin, cbifu theo hinb.Ingt vA dao-luét riéng bit, duge che ché n€u bi bam doa, si nbuc, ma ly howe phi bang. Chaob-Phi pbai binb vire cdc ToAm-Phéo n@u trong khi thire-baoh ebirc-vy hodc vi thira-hanb chire-vy ma bi bam doa bay bi cong kich, dau la céch nao », Ngodi ra, e4c Thim-Phan xi dn trong khi thi-hanb nbiém-vu (at-phdn cia minh chi tay thude lwoog-tam va khong tht bi thuyéo-cbuyéa bay bai chire ngoai nbirng trudng-hgp do phdp-qui &n.dinb. Trai lai ede Thim-Phin cong-té-vien duge dét dol si ditu-kbidn va kigm.soat cla cdc cp chi-buy va daréi quy@n cia Téng-Tradng BO Tu-Phap. Nbuwng trac Toa, cdc Thim-Phin cdug-td dege ty-do két-luin migng theo y riéog cia minh. 59Iv. BAC.QUYEN TAI PHAN; Céc Thim-Phén Viét-Nam doe brémg dic.quyéo (2'-phdn nf€u phym mé6t khinb-t6i bay trong {6i trong khi thia.-hinb ebirc-vy bay ngoai ebtre-va. Khi nban doge don e4o-giéc mot Thim-Phan phem mét khinb-'6! hay trong-tdi, Cauéng-Ly phii bio cdo ngay voi Tdng-Tracog BO Ta-Phap vi phii tr miob bay dy mot Thim-Pbdn cép trén bi can mo cvge ditu-tra mét v2 don 16-r40. Chinh Tdng-Truéog BO To-Phdp sé quy€t-dioh co ném truy-t6 hay khong. Trong triréng-hgp tray.16, Chanb-Nbat Toa Throng- ThAm pbai ehiob minb thim-ciu va cbi ¢6 the dy cho mot Thim-Pbin Toa Thrgng-Tbim c&p trén bi can thay minb, nf mf&e bao. Viée xét xir do Toa Thagng-Tham, t&t ed cic phbng bOi Jal, Chdnh- Nhitt ngdi gb& Chénb-Thim, ChodngLy ngdi gh€ Cong-t6.viéo, dinb dost. V.— PHAM-TRAT VA LUO'NG-BONG : 1)— Ngech Thim-Phén Hoe-Gial gdm cé 13 tr9!, tir Tham.Pbén Hda- Gili bang 6 hay t@p.sy voi chi 25 Iucog 430 d€0 Thim-Pbéo Hoa-Gibi Thwong-bang ngoai-heng sau 3 nim véi chi 96 Iwong 1.000, 2)— Neath Thim-phan Téa So-Thiim va Thugng-Thim gdm cé 15 tral, tir Toy-vién Cong.té-vién voi chi sé 430 d€n Chanh-Nhet va Chircng- L¥ Toa Thugpg-Tham voi chi sé lrong 1.120. 3)— Ngach Thim-Phaén Toa Phé-Ar gdm ed 3 tr}t, HOi-Thim voi chi 86 lropg 1.120, Chénb-An Phong va Ph6 Chudng.Ly voi chi 86 lwong 1.160, Chéob.Nhét va Chuéng-Ly voi chi 85 lweng 1, 200. 4)— Ngacb Thim-Phéo Hanb-Chaénh gdm cé 17 trét, tir Tham-ngbj tap-su voi chi 86 Iwong 430 d€p Cni-Tich Tham-Chimb-Vitn voi chi sd lmong 1.200. M6i Hin thang trat, obi a5 long duge ting tir 40 dn 60 didm. Ngoai lwong cin-bhp, céc Thim-Phin doge budog thém nha quy-ch€ chung cite cong-cbire VietNam fn dinh, céc kho&n pbu-cip sau day : pho. efip dit 46, phu-cSp gia-dinb, phu-clip nba &, phu-clp cbire.va, Céc Tolm- Phio TwPhép con dage hwong thtm phu-cép dac-biét vé tracb-obiém xt doin. _ Hitm nay mot Tay-Vien Cong-t6.vien, chi sf long 430, doe thin lénbh méi thing 8.80267 va m6! Chanh.Nbo! Téa Pod-Aa, chi a5 leeng 1.200, oc thie Iinb 26.964986 mdi thing. 60VL— TUYEN THE Traée khi nb§m ebite, cdc Thim-Phén phai tayén thé vba sau: « Téi ain thé va xin hiva sé tn (4m lam tron nhiém-vu cia tdi, sé git hodn toan bi-m@l nhitng diku ban cai trong lic thim-nghj vd bat ctr vé viéc gi cilng s& cu-rit nh mOt Vi Thdm-Phdn xitng déng va trung-thanh » 1) Thim-Phdn Hoa-Giki tuyém the traéc TdsAn Tinh (Téa So.Tham bay Toa Hoa-Gidi Rong-Quyén) cé quyéa quan het déi voi Ton Hoe-Gidl nay, trong m$t phién hop cong khai. 2) Thim-Phan ede Tba So-Thim va Thirgng-Thim tuyén thé trugc Toa Thigng-Thim trong m6! phién hop céng khai, tt cd cdc Phong bdi lai. Néu & xa tru-s Toa Thagog.Thin, che Thim-Phan cé the vit loi tht ra gidy gdi dn Toa Thugog-Thim. 3) C40 Thin-Phdn Téa Phé-An tuyén thé trong mot phiéo Téa Phd- An bop long-trong tat cA cdc Phong nbém I9i cdng khal- 4) Cte Thim-Ph4n Hénb.Chéoh tuyén thé trong mOt phién hop eéog khaj toan Vién cha Tham.Chiob-Vi¢n. vil BAT KHA KIEM-NHIEM Dieu 17, 18, 19 va 20 cha Dy sd 3 ngay 29-3-54 So.dinb ring ; « Vo ching, than thudc hay thich thudc cho dén bée bac chan, eh chau hay c4u chau khong th? cing [a nb&o-vién mot Toa So-Todm hay Thugog- Tham voi tu-céch Thim-Phén xiria ho&c véi tu-céch Tham-Phin Cdng-t3, howe voi tu-cich Luc.Sy, néu khong duge Quéc-Tredag cho phép mién tra riéng. ToAm-Phin nao vi két hoo ma cé tinh than-thudc, 88 khéog th? ti€p-tuc cbng vide ci duge, nfo khong duge Quéc-Trudng cho phép miéa trir. Da ¢6 dirge mién trir, vg chdng hay ede nggéicé tinh than thudc hay thich thuge véi nhau déu khong thé cing ngdi xir te! Phong An Toa Thugng- Thim duge. Khong mOt Vi Thim-Padn nado cé th? xét mOt vy-4n ma ké bién-hd, thu- dy hay lugt-er cia mét bén duong-sir 1a thao-thade, thieb-thuds cla minb cho d&n birc thir ba. Néo bit tudo, thd-tue (6-tung aé v6 hidus. VII. THANG THUONG Mu6n dirge thing len tr4t tréo, cic Thim-Phdn phil bd! di c4s digu-kita san day: 611)— dure cde efp ebi-huy trae-tiép d?-pghi thang-thudag. 2)— 6 it nbtrt 2 nd tham-nién trong tr9t hién tai. Riéog déi voi Thi. Phan Toa PhiAn thi phaicé itmbirt 3 54m théim-nlen. 3)— duge ghi tén vio bing thing thudrg do Tdng-Trwdng BO To-Phép thiét-lap wAo kboang cuéi nim, chiéa theo d2.oghi cha Uy-ban T6i-Cao cic Thim.Phin déi voi Tbm-Ph4n Hda.Gidi va Thim.pbén e42 Toa So-Thim wa Thugng-Thim, Thaob.phaa cia Uy-ban nay duge &n.dinb do digu 22 Dy 6 3 pgay 29.3-1934 nhor saa : 00, Ch4ob-Nbut Toa Phé-Ao : Chi-Tich — Chuéng-Ly Toa Phé.An . oe Hoi-vién — Chwéng-Ly céc Toa Thugog-Thim Saigon va Hu€..... —ut~ — Ct4nb-Nouwt eac Toa Towrgng-Thim Saigon va Hoé ..3.. —ot_ — Gidm-Bédc Nba Nban.Viéa va K€.Toda tai Bo Tu-Phap ..... —ot— — 2 Vj Dai-dién do cdc Than-Phan & Nam.Phin va Trong-Phio bao cir méi nam ..,...... —nt— Duge dvong obién ghi ttn vao dau bing tbiog thong nbitng vi Thdm- Poao nao cd 4 nam tha: én trong trat hién tai ya cé mot hd-so 15!, khong bj trirag phat vé k¥-lngt. Bdi voi ngech Thim-Phin Toda pbs-An, bang thing thudng duge thi€t. lap do mo: Uy-ban gdm ed: ©. TSng.Tredng BO Tu-Phép .....-.. Chi.Tich ©. Cbéab-Nhut Toa pes-Aa HOi-Vien 6. Chuéog-Ly Téa Phé-Aa . a —nt— Con déi v6i ngach Th3n-Phao Haob-Chéah thi bdog thing thiéng dage tbiét-lap do mdt Uy-ban gim cé;: ©. Téng-Trudng BO Ta-Ph4p ...,... Cha-Tich ©, Chi-Tich Tham-Chinb Vida ..... : HOi-Vieo — 1 Da'-dién c4c Thim-Padn Hanb-Cbioh ....., —nt— Vie thang chire cae Thim-Phan do Sfc-lénh cia Qude-Truéng, chigu d2.ngbi eda Téng-Tradog Bd Tw-Phap, theo nbitog thd-thirc ke tréa, 62IX KY-LUAT Bitu 35 Dy 96 3 ngay 29.3-1954 qui-dinb ring : «B&t ctr vj Th&m-Phém rao (ThAm.Pbén [0a.Gidl hay Tolm-Pbin cée Toda So-Thim va Thugog-Th4m) cw xit khong xtrog dang v6l ebirc-vy minb, sé bi Oog Chudng-Ly, Giém-Ddc SS Ta-Phap hay Ong Chénb-Nhtt c&nb-cio. Néa cioh.cdo van v6 hiv, hofe nfu vite pham 1di e tinh cach lam t3n he] dfn daoh-dy cia ngedi fy, Tdng-Trodng BO Tx-Phép, sau khi nghe loi phan tréa ela daong-su, sé tuyén phat kbita trach 6 ghi yao lf-lich. DSi voi Thin-pban Toa Phd-Aa vA Thim-Phén Hanh-Chanb, quygn cdnh-cho thugc Tdng-Trudag BO Te-Phap, Trong tradng hyp clo 4p-dung nhéng trirng phatngog hon kB san day; — thuyén-shuyén wi k¥-luét — chan thing thudog mot hay bai nim va cd th® bi x6a tén trong bang thing thudéng di lap — glang xudng m$t hay bai trgt — tem buy&n-ehitc (ir 3 dén 6 thang khong birdng Inrong-bdag, — each chite khéng mt quy@o brru-bdng — each chits mat quyén buu-bdog. Tdng-Trudng BO Ta-Padp sé tri¢u thp Uy-Ban TOi-Cao cde Thim-Phan 42 hdi y-kién tree. Vi Taim-Phan pham 16i pbai dirgc xem hd-so cia minh va dage phép phan tr&a traéc Uy-ban hode vit loi giki-thich gdi dén. Daong-sir cé tht vién nb&n-chirog hay nbé lugt-sa bodc mot ban ddng-nghiép binh-virc cho miob.* Sao khi nbto dirge §-ki€n cia Uy-Ban Téi-Cao cdc ToAm-Phiin, Tdag- Trudog BO Tu-Ph4p cé thé hoan hd.so Iai Uy-Bam d@ thao-lugn va d2-nghi lgl, Nhwog o€u Uy-Ban vin git y y-xi&o, Tdog-Trodng BO Tu-PhAp pnal ebap-thugn d&-pghi vé trig phat cia Uy-Ban daa ra va d@ triab Quéc- Truéng duy¢t ky ban sAc-l¢ah ve su trirog phat. Béi voi Thin-Phaa Toa Pha-Aa va Thim-Phan Hanh.Chéob, Bai Hoi. d3ng Toa Phé-Aa va Dai HOi-ddog Tham-Chinb-Vito sé thay th® Uy-bam TOi.Cao cic Toim-Ph4o d& cho f-kiga vé cdc khodo trirag phat ke trén», X— THUONG HOI-BONG THAM—PHAN: Treuéc ngay C4ch-mang 1-11-1963, Hi€a-Pb4p ngay 26-10-1956, cha n&a DE-Nbat COog-Hods, dé nbia haa tai cds diéu 70 va 71, oguyéa.tic do:.lap cde Thim-Phsa xir 4a va d2 bio.dim sr déc-lap nay, mot Togng Hoi-ddog Thim-Ph4a da duge thitt-l4p, do Lugt 65 66/t ngay 15-3-1961, cd nhifm-vy « gop phan trong coi su ép-dung quy-ché Thim-Phén xit dn >, 63Thanh-phans Thiegog Hoi-d3ng gdm c6 : — Tdog-ThSng hode deidi¢a Beane Cha-Tich — Hfi-vién duong-nhién Cadnb-Nbtt Tba Phi eeeeeees . HOi-Vien —~ Che Héi-vién tagkn-cte — Ba Thim-Pado xir 4a thiét-tho do cé: Thim-Phéo xir dn Téa PhéeAn va cdc Toa Thugog-Thim bia ..... Héi-wién — Hal Thim-Phén xir dn thiét-the do cdc Thda-Phéo xir 4n cac Tha So-Thim, Hda-Gidl Rong-Quyén ya Hoa-Gidi blu ......- : Hoi-vien — Mét nbaa.vién cao cfp BO Ta-Phap . Tho.ky Nbiém ky cia chc Héi-vién ddc ci vao Thagng Héiddng Thim-Phia la 3 nam. Qayén-hgn : BSI yoi Thim-Phdo xi dn, Thugag HOi-D3ng Thin-Phin thay thé Uy.ban T&{-Cao che Todm-Paén, Uy-ban thing thuéog Thim.Ph4o Toa Pht-An vA Dai HOi-Ddng Toa Phé-Aa d® quyét-dinh v8 viee thang thuéng va tritog phet cde Thim-Phan xir 4n- Ngoal ra, quy€t-diah cia Tdng-Tradng BO Ta-Phép v2 vwige thuyén. chuytn obiém sé cis Thim-Ph4a xir do eiiag oho ve vite thayén-chuyta ede Thim-Phao tir ngdnh Cong-té sang nganb xi dn hay ngage lei d@u phhi 6 su ddng ¥ cia Thugng Hoi-Bdng Thim-Phio. Trén thirc.té ter ngay thanb-lap, Thagag Hoi-dng Taim-Th4a chi nhom hop dwee cé mot phién dudéi quy@n chi-toa cia Bai-D én Tdng-Théng, thi enge Cach-Mang ngay 1-11-63 xay ra, Hiéa.Phap ngay 26-10-1956 cing cdc cg.quan do Hi€a-Ph4p nay té-ebwe da ngwog 4p.dung vi khong con hi¢u-lue. * Xuyéo qua licb-triob t8a-trién eiia nganh Tu.Phép cing qay-eh€ che Tbim-Ph4o Viét-Nam, ta co tht ghi nbgo nbita cS ging cia Chéah-Pau Viet-Nam a8 dam-bio sir doc.lgp cia nginh Thim-Phac. Noung trén thire- 1€, ngaoh To-Pbép vin con pho nado I¢-thudc vao Hanb-Phap vi ehinh Hién- Phép ag’y 26.10-1956 van con dé dit khéng dam cOag khai obin nhéa agvyén-t&e phin-quyto giita céiceo-quan Haob-Pbip, L49p-Phép va Tu-Phip ma chi dt ra sy phan-obi¢m gia Hanh-Ph4p, L4p-Phap va Ta-Phap. Vi vay cho nén qua c4: ch€.dd doc-tai va qua sy 4p-dung céc lugt-l¢ cia thoi Php-thude eda tdn tai, nfa Te-Phép Vi¢t-Nam dif bi ebi-trieb, Nbwng trong tuong-lai, vol Tho Hiéo-Phip ngay 1-4-1967, voi ar cong khai nbia nbja quyén Tv.Ph4p doc-l§p nol digu 76, va sir phan-phiém rd rét gifta 2 ngagh Toim-Phéo xr dn va Thim.Padn cOng-td, sf ¢6 nbidu tritn- voog dé thic-higo mot nén To.Phap ddc-lap va vO tur kbd di béo-dim céc quyéa ty-do dan-chd c4a-bia cia con egudl va dem Cong Ly déo gin dan. oti LE TUYEN-THE CUA ONG CHANH-AN BAN THUQNG-VU TOA HGRQ DALATUy-BAN TOI-CAO CAC THAM-PHANCHUONG V CAC PHY.TA CONG-LY Ngoai cdc thiim.pb4n d? phung-su Céng-Ly, cones ; — Luat-se (tit 1) — Chiréng-khé (tet 2) — Lue-ae (tit 3) — Thira-phat-lef (tit 4) — Hé-gid-vien (tH6t 5) — Quan-tal thanb-todn-vién (ti€t 6) — Lam den mréo (tit 7) TET Té.chérc ngh? Lugt-Sur & Vigt-Nam, tuog-nbin 6 quyén duge loft-se binh ve quyén Igi cia miph tréc Téa-dn. C4s lugt-ser hop thanh ludt-sw dodo. Chi ladt.so 6’ ghi tén trong danh- bita, Lugt-sr dota méi.cé quytn haoh nghé lndt-aw. Lu§t 93 1/62 ngay 8-1-1962 sira ddi Shc-lagt a6 25/68 agay 7-7-1966 thiét 1p bén canh mdi Toa Towgng-Thim m6: Luet-sr doan hogt-dong chog mot quan-het voi Toa Thegng-Thim niy. &. Vidt-Nam ty-do cé bal Lujt-su doan, a Lujtaw doin Ho€ va Luagt-er doan Saigon. Boan-th? jugesw dudi sy ditu-khidn cia Oog Thi.Laoh te miah. quin tri quy@a Igi cia doan-th? vA si dung quyn xét-xir v2 by-lugt d6i voi cit doan-vién. Tuy nbiéo, nbftog quyét dinh cha Hoi-ddng Lugtsr vé ky-ln$t cflog ohe vé vite ghiten hay tai gbi vao danh-bitu Lugt-st doan cé thd bi kh4og-céo lén Toa Thugng-Thim, hop Dai Hoi-ddng, phic xir let. Lugt-st doan gdm cé lujt-s thiét tho va logis tép ay. 1.— Didu-kign ghi tén vao danh-biéu Lugt-Sr Doan. Mu6n dage ghi tén vio danb-bita Ludt-sr thigt tho phi hoi dit céc dida- kién sau day ; 651) Cé quéc-tich Vigt-Nam, N6q Ja tuat.s ngogi quéc thi biép-wee quéc.t6 sé quy-diah vi¢c ghi tén yao danb-bidu va hanb-ogbé tai Vi¢t-Nam. Trong tradag-hgp kbéog c6 hiep- wéc, loAt.sa ngoai-qué< mu6n bi¢n-bo riéog vé mot va 4a tai Viét-Nam pbai duge BO Tu-Phdp cho phép. Theo higp-uéc Viét-Phap ky két ngay 16.9-1954, cdc Inat.su ngvdi Phép traéc kia di duge ghi tén vAo danb-biéu luét-su doan bén canb cac Tda.4n Phép va hén-hgp cd, néu ho yéu cAu, s@ duge ghitén vao danb-biéu ludt- 2) Di 24 tudi tron. 3) Cé bang cir-nban ludt-khoa do mot dei-hoc dudng Vidt-Nam fp, bing cao-hoc D ng-Doong hay bing lujt-boc do m6t dai-hoe dong agoai.quéc ep ma gid tri duge Bg Quée.Gia Gido-Duc xem nhe trong.duong voi bing cir. aban lugt-khoa Vi¢t-Nam. 4) C+ hgub-kidm’ t6t va khong bi 4n ti€t ve cdc t61 dgi-binb hay ve ede toi tidu-binh pham téi danb.di va pbim.gia. 5) Di tring toy&o ky thi mon han tp-si, 6) D3 mBn ban ba (3) nim tp sw tei Viét-Nam va dage Tha-Linb Luat- cu doan clip gify chirog nbao, Bugc mién didu-kién 5 va 6 cdc Thim-pbén ngech tu-pbhép va hanb. chaah d& git chér-vuy tei cdc Tés-dn bay tai BO Ta-Phap trong thdi glan 3 nam, va cfc gito-se lugt-khoa dei-hge dadng da gling dzy trong théi gian lién tuc ba ofa. Mudn dige ghi tén vao danb-bitu lagt.sr i¢p-syr, phdi boi di cdc digu- kign sau d4y, kbOog phan bi¢t nam hay o&: 1) Co quéec tich Viét-Nam, 2) Trén 24 tudi 3) Cé bing cé-oban Iugt-khoa do mot dgi-hoc duéag Viét-Nam effp, bfing cao-hoc Bong-Dacng hey biog Iug!-hoc do mot dai-boc duong ngosi- quée cp ma gid-tri duge BO Quéc-G'a Gido-Duc xem ohu twong.dirong vot bfing cit-nban Ingt-khoa Vi¢t-Nam. 4) Ka6ng bi 40 ti€t thudng pham vé cdc toi dgi-hinh bay cic ti tite. bioh pbam téi danb-dy va phim-gi4, 665) Lugt ad 1/62 ngty 8.1.1962 con bude thém mot dide-kign thir odm nfta 1a pbai tring toy@n ky thi kba-ndng hanb ngh® Iujter. Bi Ig, ky thi mia bao lap-sy dage béi bé, ngudi ludt-sr dwong-nhbién duge thi¢t tho sau mot thél gian biob thing ba hay b6m nam (9p.si. Ch€ 46 nay bi da 06 lugt-ser chi-irich véi ly 18 sau day: Sau khi tring tuy8n ky thi kbd-ning, vi khong phai qua m6t hy thi nao kbc nifa, ngudi tap.sy dé ch8nh-mang, khong lo tran ddi thee ki€e-thire pgh@-nghiép. Cé 12 nban thay lei chi-trich may x4c dug, wha Mp-phip do S&e-luat a6 25/66 ngay 7-7-1906 da dit lat digu.kién the nie abe see: @ceng- siz pbai dege chap-thugn tép.sir tai mOt viin-phong Indt-ser thiét tho, bay tai vao-phoog l4p-sr cia lndt-sa doar. Loft khong minh-thi bai bd by thi bba- nang baoh ngh2 ludt-sw. Vay daong-sr van cé th? xin qua by thi may va seu mét thei gian t@p-sy, dugc dwong-nbién thiét tho chd khOog pbki qua ky thi mn ban tap-s¢ nota, Logt.sw tap-sr trong théi glan 3 nim {§p-s¢ cé nbiém.vy phii : 1) Chuyén edn tham dy cdc host-ddng mgh@-nghi¢p daéi sx dite-khitn cia Thi-Linb. 2) Thye tap céo qui-the vA tap-quan truy&n.ib6ng ngh2 nghi¢p, 3) Choyén can dén dir cic phién Toa. 4) Choyén cfm Iam vige tei vin-phdag lodt-se thigt tho bay tel phong tap-syr. Kbi min hen t§p-syr, luat-ow t¢p-o7 phai tri qua mot ky thi, (roe mot hOi-ddng do Tdng Uy-Vien Ta-Phép chi dinb vio din mdi ndém, Thanb-pbia HOi.ddng gdm c6; Chéoh Nhet Toa Thirgng-Thim, Chi-Tich ; mot Tohm. pbén thog: quia bat Toa Thirgng-Thim, mot todt-sr do Thé-Léob lojt-or odo 42 cir va mot deiditn sé Traéc-Ba it nbirt 14 ogaog bang thanb-tra, Chi ¢é nbifng thi.sioh ho tring tuyta ky thi fy méicd th duges ghi ta vio danb-bilu lnat-sa thiét tho. Tuy nbiéo, n6u Oog Thi-Lanb obén thay logt.se 1@ps¢ mye dao tring tay®n ohung khong lam di cdc trach-vu théng thadng eiia luda tap-sor thi Tha-Linb cé thé gia thém thoi ky tép-eg dén bai lo, mdi lin 1 nim, saa hi di nghe logt-sz tap-se nay phan trin. W.— HOLDONG LUAT-SU. Lugt-sa doan & Vigt-Nam duge quaa.tri béi Vi Tha-Linh va HOi-bdog Luél-sa. 67Ong Thi-Linb va Hoi-D3ng Luat-ar do Dai-Hgi Lugt-sa bau ra, trong khoang 15 ngay dau thang Ba méi nim. Bal-BOl Luster gon cé t&t cd cdc Indt.sr thi¢t tho cd tén trong danh-bitn. Ong Thi.Linb phéi dirgc bau bing 16] bd thim kio va pbai ¢é hon phan nita 86 phiéa efa cdc lugt-sr hi¢n diéa. Sau ki biu 6ng Thi-Laab, Bai-bi s@ baa nban-vién thi¢t tho va ahau- vito do-khuy&t HOi-Dong Lugt-sx. HO-D8og Lugtu gdm cé 11 ob&n-vieo thi¢t.tho va 7 ohde-vién du- kbuyét n€n sé ludt-su thi¢t tho tr 51 dén 100 ngwdi. Néu a6 lvdt-se thigt tho tréo 100 ngavi sé bia thém 2 nhAn-viéo thiét tho va 1 mban-vién du- khuy$t, cho mdi 36 20 ngudi troi. Tay nbiéa HOi-D3ng Luj'-sw khong thé gdm trén 2{ nhdn-viéo thigt tho va 13 nhan-vién dy-kbuyét, Chi cé ludt-sw thigt tho c6 Viét-tich vA dage 10 nim tham nién ke te ngay luyén-thé méicd th? dirge biu lam Thi-Linh, Chi cé lugt.ar thigt tho cé trén danb-bite thiét tho it nbirt lA 3 nim mdi 6 th® dirge bau lam nbén-vieo thi¢t tho hay dy khuyét. Ong Thi.Lioh thay mat Ludt.se doin, chi.toa HOi.Bdog Luat-sz, thim vin c4c va an k¥-In3t, quin-tri ngi bd, koa-gidi che vu tranh chap gifta ding nghiép va bio-vé quy2a Igi chung. HOI-Ddng Lu@t-mr c6 nhi¢m-vy chanh yéu : — Theo d6i sv thi-hanh quyét-dioh cia Bal-Hdi. — Doj-tri e4¢ nguyén-t&c chioh-tryc, On-hda bit vu-lgf, git vitog tink dSng-nghi¢p, bho-vé danb-dyr va quy8algi eda doan.th’. Lwa-y doan.vi¢n choyén-clin du céc phiéa Toa va xit-s oho obéng pbu-ta chéo-tbaoh cle Cong-ly. — Gidl-quy8t moi v%n-42 lién quan dfn vide baoh ngh. Quan-ly tai-saa cia dodn-the. — TS-chée vh dda kbida phang t4p-siy lugt-stt doan. <— Tdvchire vA ditn-hanh vite tp-s¢. HO1-Bdng T.ujt.er cdo la co.quan day nhit dé dioh dogt vé my gbi ten, tal ghi tén trong danb-biéu hay get tén ra ngoai danb-biéu lndt-sr doan. HoLDOng lugt-sw xem xét cae ditu-ki¢n luji dink vA heab-kidm cia dtong-ar xin gia nhép Lugt-sr doar. 68Tuy nhién dong mr e6 quy2n khang-:40 quy€1-dinb cia HO!-Ddng Luat-sw bic bé don xin gia nhgp va Vien Chwéng-Ly cling c6 qnyén khang cdo nbitng quyét dinb cho gia nb4p lugt-sx doao. Su khang-céo s8 do Tda Thagng Thim nhém thanh Dai-Hoi tai Phong nghi-4n xét xir, Moi phic-quy€t cia Toa Thagng.Thim du cé thé duoc thagng-t6 ten Toa Pha-An. * I.— QUYEN.LOI VA NGHIA.VU CUA LUAT.SU. Lugt-sr doan Vi¢t-Nam da du¢e tbanb-t9p clin cir trén ohitag qui-to va troy@o-théng cia Lujt.sa doan La-Ma va Phip-quée, ‘Vi vay ma ngudi Luat-sir Vigt-Nam di Ia chon tray8o-théng va qui-t&c tradog-etta ela céc Iuat-sir doan Phép dé lam dudng 105i cho tong lai vA véo ménb cia nghé ludt-se & Viét-Nam. Céc truyén-thOng cb-trayén 1a cdc dire tanh : — Doc-lap, — Bit vu-lgi. — Ngay thing va cb4ab-true, ‘Vi oghé ludt.sx & Viét-Nam Ja mOt ngb? ty-do va ogad! luat-so phai dage doc-lap nén ogh? luj!-sr bat kbd kiém-nhiém voi b&t luga ngh? nao kb4o nburt ja ngh2 c6 tht phuoog bai d&a ténb-céch doc-lp. Van-phoog lngt- su bat-kha xam-phem. Lugt-s thiét tho hanh-ngh@ (raéc céc pb4p-dioh trong quan-hat cia lugt-aw dodo, ké cA Toa Pad-An, Toam-Chioh-Viéo va Toa-go Haoh-Chdnb. Va chi lugt.swr thi¢t tho moi dage qayéa mé mot van-phdng va lam cic vige 16-tuog doi danb nghia lugt.se. Log'-su, ngoai quya kbuyén bio va gitp ¥ kif v8 lngt khi e6 ngwai yeu cu, con dirge quyéa thay mat tuog-nban, ma khong cin pbai xoét trinh ay-nhi¢m, trong tit cd cc vy vé dho.su, thuong.sr va binb-chéoh. Dg kién thao.chi trong cdc wu va binb, va biéo-hd teoéc Tda- Lugt-sr c6 qayéa chon Iva phwong-céch bao-chita. Khong thé tray-t3.lugi-aw vi t6i phi-bang, me- ly hay xi-me vi nhitag 1/1 bign-bo bay vi obitog bho bi¢n.minb hay vin- tha khdc xoft triok bao khi bi¢n-hd. Luat-sa ty-do qui-dioh ti2a céng vél thio-ché nbwng phil tinh traéc bhi 1inh bign-bO dé trang trdi t&t cd moi banb.vi (6.tung cho toi khi Toa tayén do, wa khong duge tay thogc két-qui va hi¢n- Bage chi-diob thay th8 mt thim-phan d3 ngdi xi trong mot phiéo Toa, lojt-er khong bit buOc pbéi tuyéa-th¢ thém [oi tuyén-hé danb riéng cho thim-phén- 69Lu@t-sw khong duge néi hay céng-bd digu gi tréi vél trorog-thw, trai véi phép-ludt va tréi vGi thode-phong mj-tyc, khong thé xi sy thiém too kinb d6i voi Taa-4n fing nhw déi voi c4c nba chor-quy&a. Trong mot vu kién obit diab, laat-sr khong duge nbi¢m c4ch chdng mot dwong-sy trave kia da d&0 nha chi bio. Luat-se pbai cu-ogu trong quda-bat Toa Thagog-Tb4m, phdi giao-thi¢p va cu-xir nhB-nbgo, dn-bda voi bea ddng-oghiép. Ludt-sr khOng dage lam ohéng vide 06 tinb-cdch throng.mei, bay hanb- Ong gifog nbw nbitog ngadi chuyén-mdn chay vigc, bay lam ohirag cong vitc ¢6 mb$n titan thaé moén bay lam k€-todn-vién. Lujt-ew khang th® glaoh than-cha biog céch ding ogrdi trang-gian cd &o leong hay vo-igi, dia mGibay quing-céo trén béo-chi. Lugt-sw khéng dage quy%n tt chéi bi¢n-hg hay yéu s4ch ttn cong nhitng ogadi dege hadog ta-phap bio.trg bay dys bi¢o-hd khoog thi-lao. ‘Va mot khi dk nbjo lob mot vo ki¢n rdi thi khOog bd dé otra chirag ma khong 6 19 do chénh diag. Logt-se khong dage gli nbitng chirc-vu cbog-lei, hay cOng-chirc, trix ehire.vu gido-au 1njt-khoa dgi-hoc- Bugc trao mot dy-nbiém daa cir, trong théi-gian nb41 nhi¢m-vu, logt- ar kb6og doge lam mét banb-vi gi thong: chirc-nghl¢p logt-sr a8 chdug Ii quéc.gia va céc e6ag.sd, chSag !9i tinh va thi-xi da bia ludt-sw Sy lén, bay trong nhbitog vu bj dem ra tray-t6 v8 blab vi co i8n hai déa tla-dang bay {i€t-kigm cha cOog.ching vi d€n si an-olnh qu6c-gia. Luét-sw cra cOog-chire, khong darge lam mét banh-vi gi thudc chirc-vp lngt-ser ch6ng lat cdc co-quan trirc thu}: oi ma Iudt.sr ay di glup viée traéc kis. Logt-aw bat bude phai git bi mat ogh®-nghi¢p va phdi tén-trong a bl mét thim.céu, IV.~ CHE-TAL VE KY-LUAT. , Ludlen thi¢t tho bay loat.su tap-sa pham 141 vé chirc-nghtép a8 bi xét xif va trirog-pbgt boi Hoi-Bdng Luat-su h¢gp thaoh HOi-Ddng kj-luat. : H6..Dng Lugt-sw tho-ly ty, minb, bode theo Idi yén clu cla Chirbng-ly hay Thi-Linh, hote theo don khiéu-!3 géi dén HOi-Dang, Sau khi tho ly, H¢i-Bdag Luat-sw s8 dy-nhi¢m mét nhan.vien tiéo-banh cuge diu-trs, nghe phén.chtrag ofu cin va lam phiic-trinh eho Hgi-Ddng. 70Sau 46, HO!-Ddng quy€t-diah dinb-ctru bay truy-t3, Néu quy€t-dinh troy-t6, Hoi-Bd3ng sé ndi rd nhitog b’nb-vi bi trach-cr va in-diob ngay dira lugt-sir bi-cdo ra ir@éc Hoi.Bdng ky.luat, NEn duong-sitr 14 mOt ludt-sw tap-aur, Hol-DSog ky-tuat s& duge ting ewéng thém hai lndt-sw tap-sw chon theo thir tr tham-nién. Luat-su bi diva ra HOi-Bdog ky-luat 6 théi ban 1 thing d® choia bi vigc bao chita, Bucog-sy cé qayén lua chon mot ddng-nghi¢p trong Iu4t- sir doan 42 bién-b§ cho minh. Luft-sur ¢6 quytn kbao-Ira b3-so d2 igi vao-phong Indt-sw doan. Luatesr ¢6 gayén vito dda va moi obAn-chirng ra triréc HOi-Ddng. HOi-Ddng kj-lngt sau kbi nghe duroog-sr iudt-ac biga-bo 38 quyét-dinb noi phong kin va theo da 3d. HOi-ddng kj-luat cé th? 4p.dung ede trivag-phat kY-Ingt sau day < — caoh-cdo — khitn-trach — dinb-chi haoh-ngh® khéng qué 1 nim — gach tén trong danh-bigu. Ngoai ra Indt-su bi kbita-trach hay bi dich=2hi banh-ngh® 6 thd bi twee quy2n tham-du Hdi-D3 ig Inat-su trong thei baa khong quad 10 nim, Luat-s@ bi trirag phat cé quy8o kbang-cho 46i-véi nhitog quyét-dinh khitn-trash c6 tos quyta tham-du vao hoi déng, dlob-chi baab.ogh® hay tgp-aur — gech tén trong daoh-bitu, Thai ban kbSag-céo 1a 1 thiog kB tir ngay nhga quy€t-dioh. Chugug-Lf cig c6 quytn khang-edo cée quyét-dinh cia HOLD3ng ky- lugt trong thei ben néi tren, Toa Thugag-Thim sé ohém Dai-H6l tal phoog nghi An dB xét xt cho wu khang-cdo, Di sao, theo di8u 43 cia Ludt s6 1162 ngay 8-1-1962, vi¢e si dung quy2n irirog phat vé kj-luet cdia HOi-Ddng iuét-se cling khoug lam tré ngai d&n quyén cha Cong-l5-vido hay cia dan-sir nguyén-c4o khi cho ring co ly do chinb ding 2 troy-t6 mot lugt-sw trudc Td«41 d& xin trimg phot che haoh-vi phgm phép vé titu-hin hay dyi-bin cha lu@t-sr dé. Ngwoi loat-sw ly-twong Viét-Nam phai Id mot con ngwét do:-lap va bit yu gi, chi ify au phuc-vu COng-ly lam muc.tita cho chirc-ngbi¢p. 7Tay nhién mic dia lugt-s dobn Viét-Nam cé siin cée troy@a-thing cd- truy@n cia lvjt-sr doan Ph4p lam rudog cOt nfog dé ngh& logt.sr obung khéng ai ch6i cai dugc sw non tré cia lugt-sr doan Viét-Nam, Vi sw non tré nay ma nhifog truy@o-théog ofog n@ nhu ja dite tanh d6c.lap va tanh ch&t bat wu-lgi la nbikog gioh ngng dé trén dvi sing vat- chit ldo tinh-thda cia nghe lugt- sr Viet.Nam, Da sao ngudi ta cing nhn th&y ngwoi ludt-sw Vi¢t-Nam yin luén luén 06 tinb-(bin bat vu-loi, 14 str vide lodt-sw sia sang bi¢n-hg thi cho ngudi nghéo trong cic va tu-phap bio-tre. © Vier.Nam, Ta-pbap bio-irg 48 dage td-chite rift ti-mi. Du sé 1 ngay 8-1-1955 qui-dinb tu-phép bio-trg tai Vi¢t-Nam, Nhbitng ngwéi ngkéo khéng jite, mudn di kién cd thé xin tr-phaép bio-trg dé khdi tri tung-phi va duge lugt-so bi¢n-hd ma khdi tra ti2n cong, MOét co quan gol Ja phong tu-phép bao-trg duge dit tai tra sé cia mdi Téa Thugng-Thim dé xem xét don cia nhitng ngudil pghéo xn kita khdl tra tung-phi, Khi tung-nhan duge tu-phap bao-trg thi m6t lugt-aw duge Ong Thi-Linh ehi-dinb dé bign-bd thi, Ngwéi Inat-sw Viét.Nam cho viéc bi¢n-bg thi khong pbai 12 mot cdog-vu phigo-phire ma la mot vinb-dir cho lagt.se duge dy khong edng vao cong vite diga-hanh céng-ly. Ngoai céc wy te-pbaép bdo-tr¢, ludt-su Viét-Nam con bién-h$ khéng tha. lao trong ubftog vu dai-biab, ti8u-binh, thigu-nhi, va triréc c4c tda-4o quaa- st tréo toan cdi Viét.Nam. Theo bing théng.ké cia Lugt-sw dodn Saigon thi v8 phin Iuat.se doin Saigon, mdi nim cdc lujl-sr di bign-bhd thi céng cho ngwdi nghéo vao khodng 11,000 ve. 11,162 vu trong n&im 1959 11,101 > 1960 11.525 » 1961 11,070 » 1962 y.v... % 72S6 Lugt-su thiat the va tap sy thudc Luat-su doan Téa Thuong-Thim Saigon va Hud Luat-su thigt tho Lugt-su-doan Saigon SAIGON My-Tho Can.Tho Vinh-Long Bian-Hoa Long-Xuyén Long-An Dalat Cong ... Lugt-su-doan Hus HUE Nhe-Trang ‘Da-N3ng Qui-Nhon Tuy-Hda GHI CHU ; Theo bang th6ng-ké trén day, hai nbgu xét cin dage nén ra: 1) Tal Vigt-Nam bign chia cd m6t Luét-sw-doan Qu6c-G.a, ma ebi cd hal Lugt-su-doan dia-phuong, mot & Saigon va mot & Hué, 2) Phiin 1én lnjt-aw d@n 13p-trang vé Saigon, mOt 35 nhé rif-rdc & vai tinh Ién. Cdn lei trén 30 tink trong toan quée hi¢n khéng cé lodt.sw, Vén-d2 cn duge dat lei khi néi 460 quy@n bi¢n-b ma Hién-Ph4p d3 dé cp trong iu 7, d8 cho quy&n bi¢n-h6 dirge thire bi¢n mot edch ebng-bing d6i vol dan chung tai dia-phuoog xa. nét CHUONG-KHE A.— Hign-treng Tai nue Nam tir xtra cic vin-khE va gidy te twong.dwong déu duge tht phén bai phwdng-tredog, khu-iroéng tai thanh-thi va béi Xé-trodng tei hurong-théon. 73Td-chite Chug-g-kh€ 1a dinb-ch€ tir phaong Tay du nbjp, Trirée b& & Nam-kt Lue-Tiah ke tir Hi¢p-dinb ogay 5-6-1862 cat dirt miga nay lam thude. dia Phap. Vo: Hoa-wée Giap-than ngay 6.6-1384 dét didi quyén bao-bO cha Phap, nude Nam chi gsm Minb-thd Trung va Bae ma théi, Noi nao cé toa-an Paap, dtu cd Chwdng-kh€ hodc co van-phdng riéng bi¢t (charéng-khé chuyén-nghiép) oho & Sai-gon va Hiki-phong, hoge kiém lioh voi chuc.vu Chanb luc-su toa.41 cp se-tbAm. Quy-cb& khdéi thiiy do Sfe-linb ngay 2-9-1869 fin.dinb. Di-nhiéon dedi thei Tay-tbugc, Cowéng-khé phai c6é Phap-tich. Ché. 46 Sy chim détt do Théa-woc ngay 16-9.1954 sau khi Vigt-Nam thau bai chi- quyén chi€a Hiép-woe ogay 8-3-1949. Ba phoog Cheéng-kbé Ph4p biéo bitu tai Viét-Nam bi bil bo va Chéoh. pha da bdi théng cho cic durong.sy hon 6 tri¢u hac, ChuSog-kb? la cong-lai co nbi¢m.vu l¢p cdc vin-ki¢n ma nhitng daong- sq mun c6 tinb-cach cong-ch4oh, git gia oguyéa.cio va cp phat sao-lyuc voi vin-thire chdp-banh. Dati ch€-d6 ci, Chidng-khé 12 mot ngh2-nghi¢p tv.do, nhung sau Théa-uée ngay 16-9-1954, Créob-phi Viét-Nam COmg-Hda thiét.lgp nganb Chrdng-kbé do Du s6 43 ngay =9-11-1954 va Charong-khé Vi¢t-Nam 1a céng- chire co nggth tr§t dat dai sir chi-pbéi cia Quy-ché chung cia cong-cbirc Viét-Nam mot cach tng-quat. Cong-chire thugc bang A, tayén-duog qua hai ky thi objp ngech va chayen-nghiép thiét-tho trong bang irog-thi-vién c6 kbd-ndiag Iv4'ehoc (citenhan, t#n-si iv4l-khoa) bose chuyéu-mon (16t nghiép trusog Chudag-thé) voi nhiéu digu-kién kbd: v8 quéc-tich Vi¢t-Nam), tudi tac Ur 25 d&n 35 tudi, da lam trda obiém-ry quano-dich, v.v... Han tudi vé bon diob 1a 60 tudi, tréo heo tudi v8 hun cia cae ngech A khdc, trix ogech Thim-Paodn tir cipso-thim tré én va ogach gito.su dgi-hoc, Ngoai Inong béng diob theo chi-sé lwang tir 430 d&n 1000, Chudog-kbé biog thang céa huwéng titn hué-bdng bing 3%%o trén (dng-sd 1¢-pbi va thu-lao thau.hoged. Trong thoi-ky chuyén.tiép dinb 1a 5 nim ke tir pgay ban-banh Du 43 pgay 29-11-1954, co th8 dege bd-nbiém thing 1am Chréng-khé xhong phil ihi nhép ogech va ehuyén-ngbé¢p obitog ngroi sau day: — Sinb-vién 16t nghi¢p mot trecog Chudng-kh€ tai Padp-qu6c, — Tbim-phan bay Logt.sw di lam vide it nhirt la 4 nim, — Tham-té lys-19 va nhan.vién cao cip Traoc-Ba va Quin-thi diga- thd c6 it nhut 10 ndém tham niéo trong ngech, De ngin ogira sw Igm quyto, tham nbiing, bién-thi, Chwéng-khé bi rag bude béi nbiév cdm-ky va nobirog trach-vy nghiém obat vé sir gia gil tidn bae va s6-sdch ké.tein. Cowdng-khé chi duge phép tnyén-th¢ sau khi nop titn ky qu¥ tir 10.0003 dén 30.000¢ tay theo sy trong yéu cha Phong Chiréng-khé va dwge Mv.dinb trong s&c-léah bd-oblem. So tién nay cot da bao-dim eée ay 141 lim kbi hanb-sg va chi dige hoan lei cho Chodng. kbé 10 nim sau khi nghi vige. 4Céc ch® fat d6i voi 161.lim va vi-pham cha Chedng-kh€ chia ra nhida bure tiy tradéng-hgp tir cdnh-eéo téi céeh-chire, Chudéog-kh€ di-nhién phai echiu tréch-nhigm vé mit hinh va hd. aban banb.vi oghé-nghi¢p. Coda quéc-gia chi chiu trach nhi¢m dan-str v2 nbitng 16i do Chwéng-kh€ pham khi banh-sv, bay vé nbitng edug vite dege pho thac, Bbi voi d¢-tam-nhéo hode dwong-sz bi tdn-hgi, trach-nhiém eda quéc- gia duge bio-dim bi mot « Quy Bio-Dim» mé tai Ngan-kbo. Trong qu4a-hat méi Toa-4n So-thim hay toa Hoa.gidl roog-quy@n sé thank 19p mot Phong Chirdng-kh€ do nghi-dinh T3ng Uy-Vién Ta-Phap. Hién thai vi tinh-trang chién-tranh tai Vi¢t-Nam Cong-Hda moi cd hal phong Churdng-kbh€ ; mot tai Sai-gon boat-dong ke tir nghy 10-1-1955 va mot tai Cin-Tho (Phong-Dinb) tbi€t.lgp nim 1960. Duy cé phong Chodng-khé Saj.gdn la trong-yéu mbit, gdm 4 Chudng-khé thi¢t-tho va 3 Churdng-khé J4p-su. Cin néi rd thém ring pgoai dia-ph$o thanb-thj cé6 Chodng-khé hanb-su, cde vieo-chirc hrong.thon con quyée ch4ah-thirc=héa céc chirng-tho va khé- uéc bing cach thi-nbgn theo the-I¢ cd-troyéo. B.— Dy-ligu va tuong-lai Viée covg-chirc-héa nganh Chadag-khé, trong 12 nim qua, d& dem lai cho ngan.quy quéc-gia mOt sé thuebogch dang kB nbirng thd.tuc haoh-cb4oh rugm ra va tbe-Ié c&p-phat ngan.khoan khé khan Jam.tré nggi khong it kbién cho viée diu-banh ca: Padng Churéng-kh€ co phn cham-tré. Nen vain-d8 tu-hiru-héa chitc-oghiép Chuéng-khé duge dat ra. Nbang day 1a mt véo-d2 phwe-tap nén lén nbiga kbia-cgnh clin dirge xét ky, dung-boa nbitu quyéa Igi tucog-phan cia quéc-gia, cia dao-ebting va cha mot sd Chiréng-khé con dang 6 trong Lhdi-ky {8p-su- TET Lyc-sv Tai Tos Nam-in xtra khong cé chite-va Luc-s¢ béa caob Thia-pbac. Ap.van cing nha céng-vén kb4c d&a chi do mot minh vién-chite xét.at ky téa va chiu tréch-nbiém- Td-chire phdog Iyc-sy va ogech Luc-sir la do Tay-phuong dem yao Vigt-Nam mét Iwot voi sr thiét-lap Tda.an dud] thoi Pb4p thudc. Td-chirc oly dage duy-tri trong hé-thng Toa-4o Quéc-gia tir khi Vigt.Nam thu-hdi d§c-lap ve phwong-dita tai-phan. M6i co-quan tal-phda bigén thoi déa ¢6 mot phdog luc-su digu.khitn bai mgt chanb-lue-sur dirge mot bay nbiéa lyc-ay va mgt 86 tho-ky phu-lre, Luc-sy 18 mot thanb-phaa thiét-yéa d2 cing vel Thim-phdn c¥a-t30 Toa-4n khi phda xi. Boo phja cha Luc.s¢ la lwge-bién c4: loi khai cia 75dong nban giita tba va sogn-thio an-vio theo ehi-thi céa Th3m.phén cha toa, Sy hién dién cia lyc-sir cilng cda-thiét cho cude thim-cira. Luc sy trong nhi¢m-vu Ay bién chép léi khai cia ean-ohan va obéo-chirog daéi su dito kbin cia dy-thia, hoe cdc diga nb§e thdy cia Thim-phda dy. An-vin va Dién-bn phaicé ch ky cua Iuc-sr phy-ta, song song voi chit ky cha Thim- phan bitu-tréch, bing thi€a sé vd-hi¢u. Phong Iuc.sw gin-giit ngnyén-cdo an-vin, sb-bo va bd-so che vu kién.céo va cp phat sao luc ludt-dinb, Luc-stt thugc beng B trong quy-ch€ chung céng-chirc Viét-Nam. Ngach Luc.sy duge quy-dinb do Nghi-dinh ngay 9-1-1952 sia ddi do Nghi-dinb ngay 12.7.1954 va bd-tuc boi Nghi-diah ngay 18.4-1967. Dage bd vao ngach Luc-sy, sau khi tring tayéa mot ky thi ohép ngach, (nbitog ngwai cé bing Td-Tai, bing kha ning !ug'-khoa hay tuong-daong) ho&e mot ky thi chuyén-oghiép (Tho.ky Tda-4n tham nién), Trong kbi thaob Ip ngech Inc-su [a ditu tién c6é thd tuygn bd vao ngach nay, nhéo vien thude cac ogach 44 cé tir traée : ogach Phap (chénb lyuc.ar, Tham-ta lve.) luc-aur cia ede Tda-dn dé obi cdp tal Bac va Trang-Viét, Toam-té thong ngén te.phap, Tho-ky thoog-ngén tu-pb4p. Lic méi vao nbn viée luc-arr phai tnyén-thé truéc Toa-in dage bd- nbi¢m, vi khi dege cir gift chtrc Chaoh Lyc-sur tei Toa Thugog.Thaa hose Toa Ph4-4n. Trong cdc phién Toa, luc-s¢ phai me sfc phue riéng: do dai vii den tay rOag, c6 vai trfog rd truéc ogg. BE cho cong-ly dege vé tu, Inc-ar khong dirge gli bit.luc taf ede phita toa ma Thim-Pbda bose daong-tuag 14 thaa thud bay thich thude déo bec chu ch4u, bac ebdu bay cau chau, Phong Iuc-su md] Toa-4n duge dit dedi quy8n difu-khitn cia mot Chano Luc.sy. Ke tir ogay ban-hanb quy-ché ngech Luc-sy quéc-gia, Caton Luc-ar khong dage hudag nhitag kho&n 1¢ phi cia Phdag luc-sx trade kia da-dinh do Nghi-dinh ngay 2-8-1933 va chic ban vin ké-ti€p, Chanh luc- ar pbdi thanb tofa va thiu nbgn 43 kbodn [¢ phi tren, nhwng pbai ky rep tt ch vao ng&n-sich Quéc-Gia, vA chi dige huéng pbu c&p chirc vu vi pby-c¥p kim bac howc phu-cdp trach-abigm ngan quy. net iv THUYA.PHAT-LAIL T8-ehire Téa-Nam-An xa rit don gidn, Vigl-Nam khéng co Thira phat- Jai pbu-té, Ngtob niy phét-ainb mgt lugt vol er thigt-lép toa-dn Pbap va anu kbi Vi¢t-Nam tho-bd/ dgc.!3p dage qui-dinh do Nghi-dinb ngay 4.12.)950 76Thira-phat-tei 1a cOng-lel c6 quy&n lam cée troyén phi€o, cde vite luc- Sng c6 1 cach tu-pb4p hoe ngoe! tw-phép, thi-banb céc an-vin, an-lioh va cée via-kién Jugt-dioh, Birge ba-nbi¢m do Nghi-dinb cia T8og Uy-Vieo Tw-Ph4p, sau mt ky thi choyén-nghi¢p, afm khong di ditv-kitn duge dmeng-ohién tuy8n-bd. Traéc kbi hanh ngh@, Thira phat lei pbai toyén-thé treéc Téa s& quan. Thira-pbit.lal cé bdn phan trong nom nghi-thire tei phién-xiér, Toy nbién sir hi¢n-dign cia ebog-l9i fy khong thit-yéu cho aw xét-xi ; sw ving mit cla vieo chitc Sy khéng lam tré ngei ax ditu.banh edpg-ly chat pao cd, khong co doh-hudng gi t6i quy€t-dinb Toa-dn, ttre 1a kbOng gay nén su vO-biéu An-van obw su kbiém-dién cia Loe-sir. Tai Tda-dn nao n€u khéog c6 Thira-pbét.lai boc bg ving mat, Tda-an c6 quy@n chi-dinh mOt nbaa-vitn tree thug: trong nom nghi thire tel phién da howe chi-dinh CAoh-s4t-tregag s¢ tai thi-hanh 4n-viin va cdc vite ki2a- chirng hogc téng.dat gidy te theo lai trigo-dung eda tu-nban bode eo-quaa cOng-quyén. Thwa-phat-Is]_ chi chiu trach-nbi¢m we céc digo ta mieb kiém ehang ghi trong biéo-ban va co thé lam théi bi khi€a-nai toi gik mao. Khéng pbai 1a céng-chéc, Thtra-pbst-lai méi khi hamb-sa chi dege haéng mét a6 én thd lao do BO Tu-Pb4p dn-dinb, ‘Thira.phat-lai cd sfe pbyc riéng, phai trai qua mot ky thi n€n khong bol dé digu-kién duge dirong nbién bd-duog ; phai toyén thé obo dé ndt tréo, pbdi dong Uo ky quy tir 5,000$00 dém 100,000 d2 bao-dim trich- nhi¢m bé-s¢ ; khong duge haoh-sir ngoai qudn-hgt cia Tda-an sé 19i, ngosi trie khi c6 gidy phép; phi chin ar ki®m-sodt cla Cong-té-vien nhirt la ve vide Ap dyng gia bidu 1¢.phi va chiu nbi@u cfm ky va ebé-ai tir sy cdab.céo tél su triét.bdt. Thira phét-lei khong c6 qayn t’€n-ed ngudi thira-ké miob. THET ¥ HO-GIA-VIEN H.gis-viéo la nbitog céng-lai phg-trach vi¢c dinh gid va bin d3u gid cong kbai nhitog d6ng-sin va dd dec. Qui-ch€ dage Sn-dinb do ngbj-diob 36 259-BTPIND ngay 26-5-|954 sira ddi béi mghi-dinh s6 307-BTP/NO ngay 13-4-1957. HB.gid-vien duge b8-nhi¢m do nghi.dinh cia Tbog Us-Vitn Tu.Phip. Méi Hd-gid-viéo chi dagc thiét-lgp m$t vao-phdng ma théi, Dage tuytn-b3 vio chic-vy n&y, ngwdi Vi¢t.Namw, di 25 tudi, benb- kidm t6t, sau mot ky thi chuyéa ngbi¢p (Tho-kf thOng-ngon So Ta.Phdp va tho.ky lye-sy Toa-in Vigt-Nam, cdc théng-sw, tbira.phd!.lgi, hd-gid-vieo, chudng-kbé, luat-se di lam cog vi¢c minh duge 5 ndm). 77C6 th8 bd nhi¢m thing vdo chirc-vy Hé.gid-viéo miga thi cde Ingt-se, chadog-kbé va thira-phit-I9i e6 bing cir-ohfin lugt-khoa, Iyc-sur cac Toa-da, v.¥. Traéc khi nban vite, H5-glé-vien phai tuyén.thé. Ngoai viée din gid va béa dia gis e6og kbai che ddng-sin, bd-gid-vién cé thé: — lap bién-bin vé moi vide bdo chic, c4: vu d6i kh4og, va dua ngi-vy ra tro@s nba chée-trdch c6 tham-quyéa. Hé-gid-vién bi ef doda khong dege lin moe oS baab-vi dia gid ede dd wat ma bo diab gid bay phat msl, bia theo Idi tada-thuaa, li¢a quan déa vide mua b4o ddag-sin hay dd dac. Dé bio-dim cic 161 1am vi-pham trong khi hanb.sir chire nghiép, bd- gié-vién phai nep mot 36 tida ky quy te 40.0003 dén 100,003 gdi tei Noa Tdog Gidm-DSc Ngin.thd va dusi ay kita-soat cha Ong Cau sag-ly. Ngoai ra, dé bao-dim viéc trang.trai c&: khodn tifa do sy bia chdz Jgm-pbét sinh ra, cdc hé-gid-vién cing mgt Ph&a tharb !g0 mot quy chung, 8 ub4a 1/2 86 ti8n ty-l¢ phu-cdp ma hé-gid-vién dye bedog méi khi bdo. Tidn nay deye ky nap vao mot ngan-quy do Bg Tu-pbap dioh; Kbi pbam kj-luée, bd-gis-vien c6 thé bi trirag phat tir cinb-cdo, khidn- trach theéng déo hoya chirc, thay thé hay bai miga- H6-gli-vién khong dege quy@n ci ngwdi ké chee miah. TET VI QUAN-TAL THANH-TOAN-VIEN B6i véi cde phu-té cOng-ly obo chrdag-khé, thira.phat-lai, hd-gis.viéa v. v.. d@a di c6é uhitog bho-vin an-dinh qui-ché banh-ngbé. Trai lai déi vei cde quan-tai thanh-toda-vien 1a cé: phu-td edog-ly phu-trach vie quia- fai va thanb-to@o cae vu khdnb-!30 hay thanb-toda (ai-ph4a thi mai cho déo nay chua cd mOt qui-ché phap-diph nao. Sé df ¢6 tinh-trang nbe v4y 1 vi c4: quén-tai thanb.todn.vién kbhéng pbii la cOng-chte, cling khéng phéi la céog-lai ma chi Ja nbitog nguoi thy-Gy ta-pbap do toa-4o thuong-mii chi diob va truit-baj. Hon o&a, theo 78bi¢a-trang Ingt-phap cis nego Vigt-Nam ta, céc tda-da ddo-sy cd quy8n todu-thim xét-xit luén cde vite thirong-mii, thd.tuc ap-dung tel cdc tda-da nly la bQ dan-sy t0-tung Ph4p, bd Inde thyong-mil Ph4p wa cdc lodele cing s&c-I¢oh ban.baib tai Viée-Nam phél-hop vél nghi-dioh ngay 16-3-1910 trex nhttog ditu.khoka nao tri voi td-chirc tw-ph4p Vi¢t.Nam do du a6 4 ngay 18-10-)9149 dit n&n thog. Ngay nhy & Phép, ti ngay b6 luge cheong-mfMi 1807 dege ban-banh, tht-thire chi-dioh quan.tal thanh-todn-viea vada do ed: tda-4a thicog-mal cé toda-quyéo thim lugog va cho mii tdi nim 1955 méi eé sfc-lioh ogty 20-5-1955 Sn-dioh daicwong didu-kiga banb-ngh cia dodo-th® nay, nobuog sAc-linb nay van d2 cho tda-dn throng-méi nang-quyta chi.diah va kitm. soat quin.thi thanh-toda-vién, B6l th€, tda so-thm Saigon, cd quy8a toAn-tham xir ¢4c vide throng. mii, dia theo tip-qudn va lugt-lé 4p.du.g trie cdc tda-do thwong-mBi Php 4 nbom dai hdi-ddag agay 7-12-1964 duyée y qui-diob va thd-thito thanh.lgp daoh-bidu quan.tai toanb.toan-riém. Quyét-nghi cia dei bo!. ddng vay 6 tloh-cich ogi-b6 va quidinh da dwge dal hdi-ddog tha so- thim Ssigon ngay 7-12-1964 duyét y khOag 66 dita nao tr4i voi tb-ebire ter. phap Viée-Nam hi¢o-baob, Cenh tda So-thim Saigon dig: thift-lap mt danb-bléu quia-tii thanh- toda-vién de gitip toa v8 nhitog vie thong-mai ; mdi vau-ptdog do mot quan-!ai thacb-toda-vién thic-au digu-kbitn va chin tréch-nbi¢m, Vao thing gitog mdi nim, dei hdi-ddag tha so-trkm Saigon Ko-dinb tog.s6 quio-tai thaoh-todn-vién tay theo obu-e&u ca toa nfy va sau khi lfy §-biéo cia dal-diéo c4z quao.cai thanb-toan-vien, Muén duoc ghi téa vio danh-bida quin.t3i thanb.tohn-vitn, deoog-s¢ ngoai digu-kign ve herb-kidm phai e6 quéc-tich Vigt-Nam, di 30 tudi, 0d biog cit-nhan luét-kaoa va tring tayta ky thi chuyén-ngoiép, Mot 06 ogedi duge miSa didu-kiga v2 cifp-biig eit-nhaa Indt-khor: che ngwdi 0 bing td-tai toan-phaa d& lam vi¢e {¢ nbat 3 nam lién-tyc tel vio- phdog cia mét quio.tai thanh-todo-vieo thize-thu vd 66 gidy chirog-nbéo cha ngdi nay bode c4s chaénh lyc-ay tda-dn 44 git chircevg may it abit trong théi.gian ba nim. Mot s6 ngwdi kbac deg: migo ky thi chuyén-nghi¢p : ebe thNa-phéo ngech tu-pbép, céc lagtsw thuc.chu, Cac ching. th€, cic gido-su va gidog.ow Judt-kboa dal-hoe c6 biog ti€n.st d& banh-ngh? dé 3 nim, 79De bio-daa bank-vi cla minb, quan.tti thanb-todn-vién phai ed tai-sin wéec-legog 1.000.000 hose ¢é ngwrdi bho-dim s5 Ui2n nijy. NgoAi ra treéc khi baob.oghé, quan-tai thanh-toan-vién phal doog mot 95 clén ky quy la 60,0008. Quéo.tai thanb-todn-vién phu-trach wiée quan.tri va thanh-todn céc vg kbaob-tén hay thanb-todn tal-phan ty theo av chi-dinh cia tha-én. Quén-tai thanb.todn-vién cdn c6 tht duge tba-dn giao-phd céng-vito Gidm-dinh k€-tc4o quaa-tci, cung-thd:, hay kiém-tra ya co the lam sb.sach kE-toda cing than tién cho d¢.tam nban, De tda-dn ed th? kilm-sost cOng-vite cha céc quan.tal thanb-todn-vién, 4c ogwi vay pbai gid nbitng sb-sach sau dy ; — mét sd nbut-ky vé ti2n bac trong dé phai thuéng nut ghi the cA 36 cbi thu va k€t-toan tig thang ; — mot sd tog chaosg trong 46 quao-tai thanb-todu-vien md mdt chucog-muc v2 méi vu va ghi Jai nhitog 36 chi thu mdi ngay v2 vo liéo-he va k€t-todn tirng th4ng 3 — mt sd bién-nbga tn-chn. D2 thi.banh obi¢m-vy moe cdch dirpg-din, qudn.tal thanb-todn-vién hong th? lam mot ad cong-viéc nh bach-vi thuge vé ngbe ludt-aw, truve.t Ep bay giéo-tiép mua tai-sin trong chc vu mabo lam quao-tai, ty minh hay nbd trung-gian d2 thire-bi¢n pbitng miii.vy li¢n-h¢ déa cac vu ma ho Jam quan.tai. Hon née qudo.til thanh-todn-viéo com bi cfm ba lam cée cong viée sau: phdt mj theo 1éi théa-thuan bay bing céeh nao kha hon each dia- gid coog Khai bode doi hdi thi-lao qué gid bitu dugc dn-dinh. Cae quén.tai thanh-todn-vién khi6m khuyét trong nhiém-vy bay vi-pham ede dita chm, cé th? bi ednh-céo bode bai chic, Vicé mt 96 quéa-tal chanb.tos1-vién di hogt dong ti truée dén nay kbong hol di cde di2a-kign bd-nbi¢m ke tréo, nén 42 cho vite digu-haoh céng-ly age lién-tuc, thb-l¢ di qui-dinh mgt 35 digu-khodn chuy2a tiép dt cic mgwdi nay o6 tht ciép-tuc hhob-ngh2, THET vin LAM BON MUON Qui.ch€ cia nhitog ngwdi lan doa mobo duge Sa-dioh do ngbj-dinh 5 915-BTPIND ogay 9-10-1957 cla BQ Ta-Pbip. 80Mada hauh ngh? lam don mun, phii la eOng-dan Viét Nam, Irén 25 tudi, khong 120 dn, 66 biog trang-hoc dé nbft c&p, cao ding tita-hoc, nang. lye lv$t-hoc bo&c mét bang trong dwong, pbai dye Ong Chadng-ly va dng Ch4ab-Nburt (a Thegng.Todm cho ghi tén vao danh-bd lwa-trik te! Vida Chwéng-ly va dong mén-bat, Dida ki¢n van-bfiag duge miSn cho mot s6 ogwrdi (cia thira-phs'lai va Lyc-sy, ctu tho-ky cae ad te-ph4p hoge banb.ebdab hode vin-phoog Chadng- Khé, lugt-sw va thira-phét-lgi da thire sir lam viee duge 5 nim tré lén), Nhitog ngedi Jan doo mega chi duge Ify tita cha-lao theo gid bita Iv§t dinh (tir 30% d€n GOS) phdi cé hai quy@n sd; 1 quy@n ghi ogay théag cia don, tén ngudi myén, d2.muc cia doa, va quy8a kia ghi céc 80 tita aa thu, Ngedi lam doo moron khong dirge lam qokog-cto cho ngbhé-ngbiép bit ctr dwéi binb-thire nao; ho cbI dug: treo mot bing d@ téo ho va baog chi « phéng !an dou mada», Ngedi lan don muda cing khong durge phép trie- t€p bay gidn-titp xui duc dacechting kién-tung d@ ehi lyi, Hogt-donog cia ngrdi lam don myn phai chia sy kiém-soit cia vi¢a Chardng-ly va Bign-ly-cude s& tal, Trang phet v2 ky-lug: gdn ed: choh cf, kbide trach, ofa hAah-s tir t dn 12 thang, hogc vfob.vién. 8!CHUONG VI NEN LUAT.HQC & VIET-NAM SU? PHAT-TRIEN.— Neo tuit-hoc nbir qui-phip phap-ly theo quan-niém Tiy-phuong durge tS-chire & Vigt-Nam tuong-d8i tre. Truong y-khoa di mé cira & Hindi tir 1905 mA mii téi ra nim sau trong lujt-hoc vA phip-chinh (Ecole de Droit et d’Administration) méi ra adi ciing tei Ha n§i. Mucdich trrdng nay theo Nghi-dinh thiét-lap ngiy 15-10-1917, 12 hodn thign kién-thire pad-théng va khi- ning, aghé-nghiép nhimg ngudi bin xi muSn duoc thu-dung vio nga7) hinh -chanhe phip hay vao ngach quan-lai. Vithé nén trinh 49 triréng c6 th? coi nhu chua dat én byc cac-ding dirgc. Phii doi khi oé nhitu thanh-nién cS bing trung-hoc phd-théng rdi mdi thay thé trvng Phip-chinh trén bing trong Cao-Hoc DSng-Dirong (E>oles des Hautes Etudes Indochinoises) 48 chi thiu nhjn nhérng sinh-viéa cS bing ti-tai to’n phin vio hoc thém bén nim nira. Trinh-d6 tit ahién da cao hon, nhtrng ciyong-trinh vin chia thuin-tiy hoc Iujt nhir tai mot Dai-Hgc Dudng cia Php hdi bay giv. Chuong-trinh lugt-khoa dai-hoe cia Phip chi duryc Ap-dung diag & day voi Trudng Cao Ding L.uat-Hoc (Ecole Supérieure de Droit) dir-ligu do Siz-linh 11/9/1931, nhung chi khai-gidng tai Hanoi vio nim 1933 ma théi. Nhung trong van cha ke duge 18 mot Luit-khoa Dai-Hoc-Dudng vi chi day chuong-trinh ba nim cir-nhan thal, cho khéng cé bing Tin-si, mic diu Nghi dinh 21/7/1935 06 dit them m6t Iép nim thé tu hoc Ly chirng-chi Lujt-hoc Déng-durong (Certificat d’ E udes Juridiques Indochinoises), lop niy duge adi boi ND. 30/5/1939 thinh Truong Hanh.Chinh, mét trung-tam dy-bi cho ky thi vao cic nggch Hanh-chinh vi Tu-phip. Tir nim rgqr, trong moi duc cdi thinh Lujt-khoa Dai-hoc Déng-Duong voi sy thiét-lgp ban hoc tién-si luat gm lop Cao-hgc Tw-Phap va lop Cao-hoc kinh-té, Cho dén nim bién-chuyén 1945, s6 sinh-vién méi lén dén 11 500 ngwdi. Mai nam ciing chi chimg vai ba chyc durgccip bing ctr-nhin, ting sé cir-nhin luit-khoa Hani vao thing ba I945 li 260 nguii, trong dé cé a20 ngudi Viét-Nam, Sau nim 46 trong Luatkhoa Dal-hoc dug dura vio Saigon tir diu nim 1947, roi thing 11 nim 1948 Iai tdi lap tai Hanoi song song véi Saigon mét trung- tam day cir-nhan {uat nga. Ké Higp-uréc Geneve 20/7/1954 lai bat bude rat hin Trurgng Dai-hoc Luat- kkhoa cfing nbir cic phan-khoa khéc vao Nam. Nim sau, voi Higp-dinh ngay 1-5-1955, Chinh-Pha Phdp giao hodn Iai cho Chanh-Phu Vigt-Nam néa Dai-hoc, Cé the ni kE tir dé oka lugthgc tai VietNam phat-tritn rét manh : — SB sinh-vién tir nim div, k3 cd lop ning-lyc luat thiét-lip truée 48 vio nim 1948-49 18 764, dén nién hoc 1966 — 1967 khéng cdn lop nivg-lyc, ma cing lea 061 8.666 ngudi ; 82i mitt LE TRINH LUAN-AN TIEN-ST tei CIANC-DUONG TRUONG DAI-HOC LUAT-KHOA SAIGON— Sé tring-tuytn ci-nhin toin phin trong 1.261 ngudi; wi gin 12 nim qua la — SS tring-tuytn Cao-hoc 115 ngurdi; — S6 Tién-si la 11 ngwoi — ay 1a riéng phin Truong Dai-hoc Lujt-khoa Saigon, Ngoai ra d? trinh cho céc sinh-vitn trong nuéc khéi phii tap-trung ca vé day, truéng Dai-hoe Ludt-khoa Hué di duge mé tir ro nim nay, do Sic- Lénh ngiy 1-3-1957 va mot trirong Dai-hoc Luit-khoa thir ba di duoc thiét-lap tai Cin-tho (Phong-Dinh ) vio nim nay. CHUONG-TRINH HOC 1— BAN CU.NHAN Truée thdi-ky ném Daichoc qui hoin cho Chénh-phii Vigt-Nam, chuong- trinh ba nim Cir-nhan ludt day hoin-toan chuong-trinh cia Dai-hoc Luat khoa Phap, khéng thay ddi ca dén Lu§t-si-hoc Phap (Histoire du Droit Francais ) va Luat Lama (Droit Romain) — Nim 1937 cS thém = mén h-Ché Phdp- Luat Vién-Déng (Institutions Juridiques d’Exiréme-Orient ) nhung dé cing chi 1a mgt mén nhiém-y phy théi. Hoi dé vige gidng day, thi-ct cd nhién B bing tiéng Phap. Ti nim Chinh-Phi VietNam ur chi-trong iy nin Dai-hoc cia minh, trong Lugt-khoa Dai-hoc 43 quéc-gia-héa chwong-trinh hoc vi ding tiéng Viét lam chuyn-ngi trong to’n ban cir-nhin sau mét thoi-ky chuyén-tigp dat mot phin ban, phan-ban Phép cho nhirng sinh vién hoc chiong-trinh Phap. Thoie ky chuyn tiép nay 4% chim dist vio nién-khéa 1956-1957. Tuy ohién chirongetrinh méi, voi nhéng canh-cai cin-thigt theo nhu cin ring cia xi-sd cling khéng khic chirong-trinh ci miy trong cich sdp-dit, phin phéi cdc mén hoc chinh & ba nim ct-nhin. Gin day, mu6n cho nguéi cir-nhin Iuat Vigt-Nam cd mét_cin-bin luat-hoc ving chic hon, tring Dai-hoc Luit-khoa di ting théi-gian hoc tai ban cir-nhin ti 3 im léo 4 nim. Trung thSy ring gd bé churong-trinh vio thei-gian ngin 3 nim sé khéng thé thim iru nhigu vin-dé cét yéu trong nhitng mén luft-hoc chinh va cing khéng thE ging them nhing mén cin-thiét méi, nhit 1 v8 phwong-dién xi-hdi-hgc cing chinh-tri quée-tt. Truong cing thiy cin quin phan lai cho déu thoi gid giang cho cic bd mén. Nay cdc khoa duge phin-phéi cho ba b> mén déu nh sau: — Bo mén Tu-Phip 16 ban nién = - Kinh-té hoe....... 16 a — — — Chinh-tri hoe... 6 83Tdng cing 1 48 bin nién trong 4 fim hoc, méi nim chung 12 bin nién, mdi bén nién gdm tir 35 dén 4o gid ly-thuyét va 5 gid thyctip cing hgi-thio, thinh ra méi nim cé 500 gid hoc trong 32 twin 1é hoc, ngodl 20 twin rghi Wo va nghi he, kbién sinh-vién phii hoc mdi tuin khoing 15 giv tire 2 mai ngay 3 gid, Nhu thé cé thE coi 1a mét chirong-trinh hoc khd diy di, Chireng-trinh 4 nim nay méi bit diu dp-dyng tir nién khda 1965-1966, nén méi dugc theo trong nim cit-nhan 1 va cir-enhin 11, cdn nim ct-nhin uiz vin theo chuong.irinh cdi. Hign thoi trong khi cho m& nim the Tir cir shin vio nién-khéa t6i céc khéa dién-gidng trong 3 nim cit-nhin dong hoc la: CU-NHAN NAM THU NHUT: — Dan-luat To’n nién — Phip-ché sir - — Qube-té Céng-phip - — Kinh-té-hoc — Luit Hién-Phip S Nam mén trén day dién-giing bing Viét-ngit vi 2 mén thi viét bét budc sé rit thim gita 5 mon niy. — Danh-tir phap-ly Ban nién — Danh-tir kinh-té 7 CU-NHAN NAM THU HAI; — Dan-luat Toan nién — Lut Hanh-chanh - — Hinh-Lugt — Kinh-té hoc — Tai-chinh hoc — Bang giao quéc-té — (thay vi bén nién trong chirong-trinh cf) Séu mon trén day dién-gidng bing ting Viét vi a mon thi viét bit bude st rat thim gita 6 mén nay. — Danh-tir phép-ly — Danh-tir kinh-té Hai mén nay chi thi kh3u-vin, CU-NHAN NAM THU BA: — Din-luat — Lut Thirong-mai — Kinh-té Viét-Nam — Lich-trich hoc-thuyét Chinh-trj 84 Ban nién Toan nién Ban nién— Quéc-té Tir-phap Ban nién — Danese té-tung - — Phin-phéi Ipi-térc — (khoa méi them) Hai mén thi viét s€ rit thim gitta 7 mén trén day. Ngoai 7 mén nay, khi vio vn dap, thi-sinh chon thém 1 trong 4 mén ohigm-y sau diy : — Ky-thugt ngin-sich Bin nlén — Luft bio-hitm — — Nehigp-vy ngin-hiog . — Luit Lao-Dong 2 Ngoai ra, vin dip cdn cé thém 2 mén: — Danhetir kinh-té . — Danh-tir chinhetrj - Cudi ném thir ba, thi khluvin cé hai vin dip riéng biét, phai div ” la b6 tudr té-tung diu tién cua Vigt nam da lim vinh hgnh cho nha lam luit cia Le 1a thud jy da biée phan biét cic didu ludr vé ndi dung v3 diéy lugt 03 chirc nén tr-phip va cich thira kién. Naung bé lujt nay dj1 ra nhiing nguyén tic chinh yéu, ky du khong di siu vio chi uét nén viée tea dn cn tay mét phin lon noi tii ba cha cdc quan xi kién khéo tim chin-is : vi thé luat té-tung eda thoi vrong-dé mang nang tinh cich nhan-tri Sau dé Vigt-Nam duge tigp xdc véi tha: tuc thim-ctu cla Tay phuong qua BS lujr Hinks Té iung cia Phip, thim nhuln chit-nghia ci nhin cia thé ky thir 19 dluci iri Au, BO lnat may cn biém th? 2 eng dung véi t8 chive chinh-tri cla ba mitn v6i hé théng quan quyén khée mhau ma tip quin ciing dj ding: Bic phin c6 Bic- Viet hinh-su t6-tung. Trung-phin cé Hoang-Vigr hinh. sw té-tung, Nam phin thi Hy B6 thim.ciru hinh-sy cua Phap lam cin-bin. * Dén khi Vigt-Nam khéi phuc chi-quytn, Vua Bio-Dai ban hianh Dy sé 4 ngay 18-10-1949 la mét bude rut ré trén dwrong théng-nhat ditn-ch?, mic dau cé mét vai canh-cdi cho phi hop véi ban-sic va trinh-46 cia dan téc, 1) Lu: -hanh tSng-hgp thé-tuc cdo 16 va truy-t, Co-quan dal-dién xG-bGi (cOng--d-vign) va cé-nhan bj thiét (nan-nhan) déu ob quytn dua mot vu dn ra triréc Toa xét xit, Néu Céng-té-vién dinh-ciru mét su-kién ma c4-nhan ty-xem nh 1 bj thiét-thdi, thi cé mbae cé th8 dua ngay vu an ra truéc Tda-dn, goi ld tryc-té bj-céo bang céch ohé thita-phatlai trigu hodn bi-céo ra true Téa Hinh ; trong chitsg vy khé khin cin pai trinh tang cé va rhin-ching, ngn-nhin cé thé xin dirng din-sy nguyén-cio trréc Dy thim d& vj Thim-phin nay mo cugc thim-van. Da 6 truong-hop nao, cing phai cd céng-té-vién truy-td, va truy-td mot lot voi nguyén-cio, céng-té Iuén Iuén Minh phn chinh-td, nan-nhan chi phu- 16 ma théi, Ching riéng gi ci-nhin, nhitng co-quan dai-ditn quyén-loi cia Chinh-phé ahu Thuong-Chanh, Tai-chéoh, Truréc-ba v.v... cing c6 quyén truy-t8 tree Toa hong ké Lim thiét dén quy8a-lyi cda Chinh-Phé. Trong trréng-hop nay, cdng- té-vign phu-td 42 kitm-sodt su dp-dyng té-tung va yéu-ciu Tda tuyén hinh phat 2) Luat té.tung hign-hanh dung-hda quyén-igi xJ-hdi va ty-do c4-nhin. Mai vu dmhinh d@u phai qua hai giai-doan: a) Viechirng ti trang (do cic co-quan cinh-sit si-quan hinb-cinh hay t- phép cinb-lgi) ; Bign-ly va Dur-thim vi-chirng téi-trang trong trréng-hop qua tang.b) Tranh -lugn trvée Tada, Trong nhitng vy in khd, cé nhiéu pham-nhin tai-dio, nbitu yéu-td phap-ly mo hd, hay Ja x’y ra Zu nim, ching c& tin mat, thi Fhai duoc Dy-th?m kitm-sodt sy-kign (ruc khi dwa ra tranh-luin truéc Toa. Giai-doon nay goi 1a thio vin cy-bj tai Phtng Dy-Thim, kh/c giai-dean ditu-tra so-khdi ca tu-phip canh-lai- Giai-doan thir nhdt nhim vio su truy-tim thi-pham cé mucedich bio ve quyén. loi cho x3-hdi. Giai-doan thé: hai dién ra céng-khai, bj-can duge déi-khing vai cic durong- su cé muc-dich béo.vé phim-nhin d6i voi moi sv truy-t6 Jam ln. 3) Luat té-tung hign-hinh gizo cho Thim-phin tréch-rhitm ditukhitn mét vu dn tir tic Khoi din cho dén khi két cuge Canh-sit chi viechéng tdi-trang. Bign-ly c toin quyén dinh hiu-qui cho viebing cinh-sét, bode yéu clu ditu-tra bdtdc, hode thin mo cuée iu-tra ri dua bj-céo ra Toa, hay xép ndi-vy. Gap nhiing ve in khé Hhin, Du-ihtm phii kiim-sodt lei su-kign ght trong vie Eing cinh-s/t va shim-ciu thém. Chinh & ¢ iy, Lugtrur 6 quyn theo déi sir dién-tién ota vu dn, dy-kién céc hinh-vi thim-citu, va 1 nB.ire bj-cdo. Lé di-hign Lugt-tur bign-hd cho bi-céo true cée phién xi luén luda céng- khai. Treng trudng-hgp phii x kin vi ly-do thuin-pheng mj-1we ‘hi chi bi-céo, nhin chirng va luft-ste cua dol bén duce dy phien xt. ~~ THET 1 su DIEN-TIEN CUA MOT VU AN HINH Hign-Phip ngay 1-4-1967 ton trong cdc nhin-quyén cin-ban trong nhitng ditu khoan sau day + — « Quéc-gia thn-trong ohin-phim. Lu§t-phap bao-vé tu-do, sinh-mang, taisan va danh-dy ca moi cSng din’, (4. 6) — « Quéc-gia tOn-trong vi bio-vé quyén an-toin cé-nhin va quyén biga-hg. Khong ai cé th? bj bit bé, giam git, n€u khong cb ménh-léah hyp-phip cia co- quan cé thim-quyén luat-dinh ngoai trir truéng-hop qua-tang pham-phip. Bi can va thin-nhin phii dugc théng bio ti trang trong thei han lug djoh. Moi sy cdu-luu phii dat duéi quyén kidm-sedt cia co-quan tw-phip ». (4.7 k 1. 2. 3)- 11, PHAM PHAP QUA TANG. ‘Theo diéu 41 va 46-HSTT, bj coi A pham-phdp qua-tang : 1. Tdi pham hién dang hoic vira mdi xy ra. e T-wspg-tep pham-nhin dang bj quin ching kéu hd dudi bat. Khi chu mang trong ngudi 48 dec, khi-giéi, dung cy, ti-ligu, khién 65 thé bj -doa2 [a thi-pham hay tong-pham, ogay Ic sir pham-phdp vita xy ra. 4 Khi chi nha yéu-clu cinh-sat dén vi-ching mdt trong-tdi hay khinh t9i x3y ra trong nha. Ditu 106 HSTT cho phép mei nhan-vién céng-lyc va ci throng dan di khdng i: Toa cing duro quyén bit git ngudi pham-phip qui-tang, nhung phai din ngay tue khdc. Moi sy lam-dung bit git qué thdi-gian cin ign-ly chi cé th? ra lénh giam giit trong trudng-hop pham- phép qui-tang, khi sw pham-phip o6 th bj trivng-tr] thé-hinh kiém nhyc-hinh, khi gag dwge xicnhin va khi od nhirng déu higu 13 rét vé toi-pham. 2— QUYEN CUA DU-THAM. Ngoai trix uireng-hep pham-phip qui tang, chi Dy-thim méi cé quyén giam giir ngudi sau kai mé cugc diéu-tra theo luit. DE hanh-sir quyén n’y, Dy-thim 6 quyén ky-trét (trdt doi, trat din gidi, trét bit giam va trit tng giam). Nhitog wat do nhing qui-tic chung sau day chi-phdi : Trét chi dugc ky trong nhirng trirong-hop va theo th?-thirc Iuit-dinh, do Taim-phin hiu-quytn, hi c6 nhirng bing chirng 13 rét_vé tdi pham; trén rrét phai ghi chic vu cang chi ky vacon diu cla Tham-phan, phai ghi ngay, thang, danh tanh rd faag cho riéng tirng ngwdi cé tén trong trét va néu 06 th®, ghi cha ca tdi danh (d. 5 va 96 HSTT). 8— NHO'NG BAO.DAM NHAN-QUYEN TRUG@C GUONG MAY TRUNG-TRI Tuy ahién, dé bio-vé quyén ty-do con ngirdi, lui--phip 43 qui-dinh ét gidm d6i voi quytn hanh rong rai ndi tren, Truc hét, tit cd ohéng Lat trong trubng-hyp pham-phip qua-tang phil duc da ra mot phién An nat dé xét xr hode di fai teat giam. Néu bjcan duge din qua sn va by téng-giam ihi sau 46 y cdn 6 thé duyec tai-ngoai hgu-tra cé chin hay khéng. ‘Thir dén, déu 3qr va ké tgp bo HLCC trieng-tri nghiém-khéc 161 bit va giam: nguii trai phép. g, digu 112 va 271 HSTT cho phép khiéutS Thim-phin néu ho cS nhing hink-déng xio-tré, gian-lan, héi-ld hay Lim idi ning trong khi hanh str. 924.— CUQC BIEU-TRA SO-KHOT. uKhéng ai cé th? bi tratan, de doa hay cudng-bich thi-téi >, (Digu 7hq Hitn-Phép). Nhi lam tug: rit quan-tim dén vite 431 xt nhan.dgo voi bjcan, nén dd tuin theo mét nguyén-tic quan-trong cia hinhelugt A moi «bj-can durge suy doin la v6 t9i cho dén khi ban 4n xdcdjnh téi-trang ted than hit din» (4. 7k8 Hitn-Phap). Dang khic, b6 HSTT 44 qui-djnh 13 rang quyén-han cia cinh-sit tue phip, Bign-Ly, Dy-th3m trong tirng giai-doan khéc nhau cia cudc ditu-tra va di che cho bj-can vGi nhitng bao-dam can thiét. 5-BIEN-BAN DIEU-TRA CUA CANH.SAT. Theo ditu 11 HSTT, cinh-sdt tu-phdp cé nhigm-vy diéu-tra so khoi truse khi Phong Dy-thim mé& cugc thim-ciru. Co-quan canh-sit uép-nhin td trinh, don té-cho va thira kign, ghi cha vio bién bin ahitng trirong-hop pham-phip, va chuytn ngay don té-céo va bién-bin dén Bign-Ly. Canh-sit khong cS nhiém-vu thim vin ma chi tim kiém, vi-chéng sy kign va hoin tit khi chuy2n h8-so ngivy dén Tos- an thu-ly. 6.— CONG-TO-VIEN HU'ONG-DAN CUOC BIEU-TRA SO-KHOIL. Nhigm-vy chinh-yéu va quan-trong cla Bign-ly la phat dong va hanhesir quyén cdng-t5. Dac biét trong trurdng-hop pham-phip qui-tang va vi ly do khan cp, Bién-ly c6 th? hanh-sit quyén cia Dey-thim 1b mé cugc thim-vin : thin dio trong sé, thim-vn, trigu-dung gidm-djnh-vién, bit gir ké pham-phip, khdm xét, stru sic’ v- nhung phai chuyn ngay bién-bin dé dén Dy-thim [a ngudi c6 nhigm-7y duyét lai cae hanh-vi tam thoi va chi Dy-thim méicé nhi¢m-vy hoan tit cugc thim-via. 7,— CUOC THAM.VAN DY BI. Nhigm-vy chinh cla Dy-thim B thim-vin. Cuge thim-vin phii tén-tronz quyén-Igi cita bj-can ma lugt ng’y 8-12-1897 43 bio dim nh Ia: thong bio cho bj- can biét ngay khi hot cung lin dau bi-can 6 quy’n khéng khai cunz ; phii héi cung bi-can uwsc sir hign-dign ca Lugt-su biga-hé hoje sau khi thing bio ding lujt cio lugt-sur it nhit 24 gid tewsc d2 cho lugt-su biga-ho duge tham-khio hé-se, va sau cing théng-tri cic dn-lénh cho luf’-su. 8, TY-DO KHAI CUNG. Trong giai-doan thim-vin cing ohur digu-tra so-kkdi, bj-can dug hoin-toan ty-do khai cung. Khong th? ding bgo-lyc hay 4p-birc tinh-thiin déi véi bj-can. Dy~ thim phii trinh nhitng cugc héi cung liu dii, gay mét mbgc cho bj-can, khéng duge bit bi-can nhan toi bing cich de doa lam thigt hai cho bj can, gia-dinh, tai-sin cla y, hoje bing cich hira nhéng Igi léc tia bgc hay bét cir méGt hinh-thic nio khéc, Dy-thim cin phai nghiée ciru ky lwong hd-so dé dit nhéng ciu hoi mét cich thanh-tin va 15 rang, phdi tranh nhirng edu hl xio-quyét, quay qui: giy bo ng cho bj-can khign cho Idi khai mau-thuin. Tém Igi, Du-th3m phai tusn luda nhé ring thim-vin khéng phai 12 hgch-sich ly [é hay gii bay bj cao bang nhirag ciu hei lat Wo, cling khong phai cit y tim kiém mot ké pham-phép ma van-dé chi lA tim kiém mot sy thyc. Do dé, phai tuyét d6i tranh moi biga-phdp khién bj-can khong durgc ty-do khai cung, cing nhu hing thi-dogn dink lisa bj-can thé-nhja. Khong due 93ding thude, phirong-piiap adi m Trdi igi, nhitng phureng phip shoa-hoc (nh phin-tich mau trong truéng-hop hiép dim, say rvqu, phin tich nunve tiéu trong truéng-hop gido-nghiém tam-tri) déu 06 th? 4p-dung mot cach rong ri dé tim kigm ihu-pham vé khinh tdi va trong-tdi, hi. bd-Kkhuyét nhieng fitm nghi ngo trong [si khai c’a nhan-chérng. may tim kim str thyte hoye may ghiam daw 9 . QUYEN TUO'NG-THONG VOI BI CAO Moi sur turong.thon, hitu thin thiét voi bican déu phil durge Biga-Ly hoac Dy-thim cho phép; vi ahu-clu thim-vin, Dy-thim cé th? cim bi-can khong doe ton, lure trong 10. nga hong voi bit ck ngirdi mio: sy cim dodn nay c6 higu- thé tii-tuc mgt lin (d. 603-HSTT). Tuy nhién, bao gio Ludcsir cing durge turong-thong — ké ci bing van thy ~ véi thin-chu minh. 10.— TU-PHAP BAO-TRO Sau khi xic-nhin twr-cich thin paai bio cho bi-can biét y cd quyéa chon 1 Lujt-sir bign-h3. Niu kang, th sé vé-hitu. Truyng-bgp bj-can chwa chon va cé loi véu-chu, Dyr-thim sé chimh-thure chi dinh cho y 1 luat sir. (Luat ngay 20-5-1863). Trong moi giai doan digu-tra va xét xt, bj-can vi-thinh-nién diréi 18 tudi va bi-céo trudge Toa Dal-hinh, Toa-in Quin-sy cing aur Toa-in Djc-bigt déu bir bude phai cé 1 Luat-sur bign ho. D5i voi mhirag ké cil-pham mi hink-prat cd th bj luu-day, sy hé-try cla desu LA digu bit bu}, khonzeo, ti ci thd tus tS-tung déu v-higu (Laie agiy 1885). Trurse Toa So-thim cing nh trréc Téa Thiryng-Thim, sy hd-trg cua Lujt-sw cling phii cé, mac dau bj-cio khong khang-cio cing vay. 41,— THONG-DICH-VIEN. Chigu nhirng diéu 332 va 333 BS Hinh-sy to-tung, phii cd vien mdi kai cia thidt. Nang dds kisin ndi trén khiny c5 tioh ca cin phii cli-dinh th3az-dicieviga keri Dj-cam hay mvia-caieny 13a Vig-Nam, kai hg cim va did: vi ka3ag biét vid, Kai hp ndi 1d q4i, k10a3 18 ring, hoje t6 ra din don qua. Niu th3ag-dich-vidn kadaz diag tin, Caz-t5-vida cling aay cle ng yi cineca c5 quyén ti-khwsc, Tadaz-dich-vién it abit padi tuyén-the dich ding nhitng loi cic nguoi ngén-ngir khic nhau. 12.- TUDO TAM TRUO'C VA SAU VU KIEN. Theo ngnyén-tic, sy tam giam 06 thé durge kéo dai ti ngiy tuyén xu, tuy nhién bi can cing cé thé durgc ty-do tam trong cic trudng hop ; 1. thu héi lena giam gitt khang bat dong tién thé chin, néu Bign-Ly-cude 94dong y (4. 94. doan 3 Hinh sr To-yng); vige thuendi may khong the khdng-in dice, nhirng Dir-thiim vin oS quyéa phat mot lgnh giam git khic ; 2. dwong-nhign dirge ty-do. 5 agay sau khi thim-vin lin dau, neu hei da 3 diéw kign : a/ cur-trd tai Vigt-Nam ; b) hinh phat c6 th? dugc tuyén ti-da i 2 nim giam ; c) ch.ra bj tuyén-xir vi 43 phym 1 trony.t6i hole chira bj xd giam qui mgt nai, khong treo ; (diéu 113 By Lut Hina sy To-.ung — ditu my khong ap-dung trong trugng-hyp qua-tang . hoje Toa xi, hoic sur Trong srurdng-hop nay 3 ngudi dam an €3 mat néu can, Kk i in. Bign-phip ary co thé bj thu-hdi. Co don xin ur do tam, Phong Luan-T@: chip--hu hai dong tin ths thé khang-cio An-linh chip-thagn hoac dic b 43. VIEC DIEU-TRA VA VU KIEN DIEN.TIEN NHU' THE NAO ? Cac vi phu-ti One Biga-Ly, Quan-trréng Canh-siv va Cong-an, mot vai vién chic hanh-chan't ; digu-tra sx-khdi trong 2g gid’ sau khi bir bi-can, xong din ti Bign- Ly dinh doat. Néu khong 3 bang nhirng sy-kign diy khong c} ing gi vé ning sw-kién kha-trach duong-sy, hoje thinh mét trong hi: ‘nh-ti, ndi-vy sé duge mién- ctu va duong-sy dings ty-do ngay. Cung c6 trvoag-hop, wy c6 bang-chitng pham khinh-t6i, nhung Bigén Ly xé: khong cia hay kuong thé bat giam, thi trwe-t6 tude Toa, lénh tryc-té sé chi rd toi-trang bj-can, Néu la qui-tang va phai phat giam, Bign- Iy-cuge sé digu-tra qua, ogne nhin-catrng, hoi bj-can, két-ludn tdi-trang, phat lgnh giam va dua vige ra_ mgt phién Toa sip to. Néu cin diéu-tra thém, hogc gip mét trong-tdi, Bign-Ly do khéi-td-trang sé yeu-ciu Dy-him thim-vin ; céng vigc thim-ctru két-cuc hodc bing lénh mién-td, hoje bing lgnh dura ra Toa. Trong truéng-hop sau, cic nguyén, bj va cic nhan-chirng sé due moira Toa: Chinh-thim thim.vén lai, Céng-t3.vign két ti, bi-can hoje nguoi biénchd sé Dign-miuh va duoc quyén néi sau cing, truéc khi Toa chiéu ludt héi-ban, 14,— VU KIEN PHAI BUQC MAU CHONG. Ong Churong-Ly kiém-soat vige digu-hinh cf: vige vé hinh-sy dé duye gidi- quyét mau chéng. 15.— XET XU’ CONG-KHAL Nhéng phién ta phii cong-khai, néu khong sé vS-higu (d. 153 va 310 By Hinh- sy té-tyn3). Tuy hién, Chinh-thim cd thé hop kin trong truong-hgp oe tranb- tung cOngekhai c6 hai cho phong-héa hode trit-y cng-cing. Nhung trong tit ca cdc trong-hop, phai tuyén-an_ cong-khai. 9516.— TRACH NHIEM DAN CHUNG tim chirng c3 vé_ vu vi-pham va tGietrang néu bj- cio nai trdag-hep khoaa-miéa hay xi-mign, y phii xuit-trinh bang-chirng. Gid-trj cha cic bing-chirng do Toa dink dogt (4. 342 Hinh-sy td-tyung). 17.— TOA CO TRACH-NHIEM TIM SU THAT. Toz od tracat thim ph a2 g& tdicing uhu 43 bude tdi bj-can. Chinh- ning yéu-0 d2 co iap-trudag trong kés-qua digu-tra so-k: =. cla vige kham set nha, trong cic nhgn-xét cita cac chuyén-vien, i cua mhan-chirng va léi tha-nhan truéc Toa, $a trad Toa hay ngoii Toa, chi cd gid-tej d& gitip thim-phan cd oo nhieng chirng-cd Khde phy gidp vo. 18.— XUAT.TRINH BANG-CHUNG. Bang-chirag phai dige xuit-triah nhu Iuit dinh nghia la voi ohitng sy dim- bao ma h é bat buds phii cd. Quyén ditu-tra cia thim-phin réng-r3i that, nhung cing bi gi¢i-han vi if-do mg-tuc va ton-trong nhin-phim. Néu bj tra-tdn vé thexie hay tinh-than m3 phai thd-ahi phii thi-nhan vi hju-qua cua nhitng bi¢n-phap y-khoa lam cho duong-sy mit ty-chi, thisy thi-nhin dy khénz ob higulye gl. Cac chuyén-vién va nhin-chieng phai tuyén-thé, ahirng chirng-cé viét phai dugc a8 vao hd-so va bén nguyén cing nh bén bj cd quyén khing-bién. 19.— NHAN-CHU'NG. Nhan-chirng cin phai mat thy tai nghe, nhitng ngioi khong dit tu-céch (vj- wbanb-niéo divi 15 tudi, ngw0i loan tri, gia, say rvgu) nhing, ngwoi mat nban-cich (bj toc céng-quyéa), nhirng ngwdi vi chirc-vy ma khong 06 di tu cich (thim-phan, phu-tham nhan-dan, Juc-sy, cong-té-vién, thong-dich-vién trong vu), hoic nhing nguoi bi khuéctr vi co lién-hé gia-dinn voi bj-c\o; tt cd nhitng ngwoi dy khong th? Am ahan-ching duge Nhiag ahén-chirng phai ra truroc Toa, tuyén-thé va khai, néu khéng s€ bj trirng-phat theo lujt hinh (4. 80 Bd Hinh-sy ttung), lam chimng gian sé bj trirng phat nang (4. 351 va tiép theo B$ Hinh-luit). Nhirng nguoi, vi bimat nzhé-nghi¢p, diu cb phii dai ra trade Toa, khong ahirng cb quyén, con cé bin-phin khong duoc Khai vé nhing sy gi nh hinh-nght ma duge biét (4. 378 Hinh-luit). 20.— HOI CUNG BI-CAO. Bi-cio khong th? tuyen-thé, tuy nhién cé th tyr bao-chéa va duge ty-do tra khong nbéng ciu hdi cia Chanb-thin, Phii tci loi migag, nhung bj-cio cb tht dia vao ghi-bit dé gidp tri oho trong khi tei loi. Lugtsur khéng durge phép ted loi thay cho than-chi. 96 loi ni:24.— KHANG.-CAO. Khdng-cdo 1a m§t phyong-cich t6-ciu thurong. Cac duong-sy duoc quyén khdng-céo moi 4n lénh cha Dy thim, cic bin in cia Toda vi-cinh 44 tuyén phat ti ho§e phat bac, tién béi-thudng va moi boi khoin khic qua 208, cic phin-quyét cla Toa So-thim Tiu-hinh va dgi-hinn Tuy nhién cS nhitng ngoai-lé sau day : 1 An vin cla Toa HGRQ, va so-thim xi vé vi-cinh cing nhir phin quyét ca Tda-dn Quin-sy déu 13 chung-thim. 2. Dal voi céc ban an tiér-thim, chi duoc khing cfo sau khi cd An xir vé ndi- dung nh viy chi sé dugc khang-cio cling mét Wtic vol sur khingecio toln bin an sau niy. 3. Dan-sw nguyén-cio chi dure quyén-loi din-sy cla minh. 4. COng-t8-vign khéng thé khdng-céo cdc An vi-cinh. ing-cio cfc phan quyét lam thigt hai dén Ngwdi khang-clo phii khal bo tai phing Luc-sir trong lan 2 ngiy ke tir bhi dure ting dat céc 4n-lénh cia Dy-thim va ro ngay di voi an vi-cinh, tigu-hinh va @aichinh. (O' Trung, thoi han khéng-cio 1a 15 ngiy HSTT Trung Ky), Sir khing-céo phu-déi doc hudng thém 5 ng3y nita. Khi khing-cio 4n-lgnh cia Dy-thim, Vien Churng-Ly phii bio cho cic bj-can vi trich-ahigm din-sy trong han 15 ngay ke tir khi tlép nban hé-so. Edi voi cdc An titu-hinh va dai-hinh, thoi han khang-cio sé 14 1 hay a thing tay theo Vién Chudng-Ly cé dirgc théng-béo két-qua phién xir hay khong. Theo nguyén-tic, str khing-cio cé higu-lyrc dinh chi, tri khi Vign Churéng-Ly khing-céo- Phang Luan-T6l xir khing-cio déi véi An-l@nh Dy-thim, Téa Titu-hinh ddi véi dn vi-cinh, phong khdng-cdo titu-hinh Adi véi An titu-hinh, phong khing-ci> dai- hinh di véi 4n dai-hink. Cic Toda khing-cio phil tun theo quy tde = «Tantum devolutum, quantum appelatum ”. Khi chi cé minh bj-can khang-clo, Toa khéng thé ting hinh phat. N&éw khéng bing long phan-quyét cia Toa Thuong-Thim, cic dwong-sr con 6 quyén thurgng-té trong han 3 ngay true Toa Phi-An, tuy nhién trurdc toa Phé-An khéng thé vién col Toa nban xét khong ding, ma phai vidn-din ly-do Toa xi trai ludt ndi-dung hay Iuit hinh-thirc, trai thim-quyén, hoje xt trai véi_ mot Toa khéc cing thy ly mét vige. 22. TAITHA Téi-thim 1a mét phyong-phip t8 clu bit thuéng khdag Jp-dyag cho cic in viecinh mi chi duryc si-iuag trong 4 tréng-hop sau day: 1. Néucé 4a Téa phat ngirdl nto vé ti sit-nhin ma vé sau tim durge bing ov ring nan-nhan cdn sing. a. Néu dang thdi hai Toa-dn xir phat hai thé-pham trong mot ey gift cguvi, nhir vay 1d cé sy trong phan gitra hai baa fn cin phai gidi-quy%t. 97. Néu fn dai-hinh di tuyén theo [i khai cila mgt nhin-chisng r8i vé sau, nhan- chirng nay bi Toa xie phat vé toi lam chirng glan. 4. N&u sau khicé in Toda, tim ra sy-kign moi, gidi oan cho ngwéi bj xi phat. Tang-Tréng BQ Tu-Phip, bi-can, ngudi dai dién hop phip hodc thira ké, 06 nap fon toi BO Tu-Phap xin téi-thim trong han 1 nam ke tir ngiy phat gide sy-lin c5 th? chirng-minh bj-can v6 t6i. Hinh phat durge hon thi hanh ke tir ngay Jun dirgc chuyén t6i Téa Phd-An. Phong Hinh-sy cé thim-quyén xér thim. Néu don idi-thim dire chip nhin, Téa cd th tiy truvng-hop tmiyén di-giao hd so ngi-vu. 23,— AN-XA, Chi 8 c-Trursng mai cé quyén an-xi va an-gidm hinh-phat cic pham- nhin, bat Iugn do co-quan ti-phin nao xi phot, din-sy, quin-sy, Toa throng hat hay Toa dac-bige, Hién-P! 4p ngay 1-4-1967 cling xic-nhin vige niy noi ditu 61. Theo Du s8 5 ngay 6-4-1950, cS hai thé-thirc xin in-x4, hoic téinhin ding xin, hose Téng-Trudng BO Tu-Phip dieng xin chiéu dé-nghi cla Quin-Dic khim duong chirng nhin henh-kitm va mye-d6 cii-héa cia ti-nhin trong thdi-gian tho-hinh. Trir trudng-hop bj kéu an tir-hinh, thi ti-nhin phii 4@ don trong thoi han 3 ngiy tron sau Phi cé én, cic tGi.nhan khéc cd quyén xin An-x4 ide nao cing duge. Héi-ding An- x4 dudi sy chi-toa cha Téng-Triréng BS Tu-Padp, gm 4 nhin-vién khéc Ao: 2 Thim-phin chi-huy 1a Chwong-Ly va Chinh-Nhit Toa Thirong-Thim, 1 dai-ditn Tong BS An-Ninh va Giém-Déc Nha Hinh-Vu cia BO Tu-Phip. Héi-d8ng cé phn su xét hd-so’ xin An-xa va trinh d8-nghj lén Quic-Truéng. Quéc-Trudng sé ban-hinh Sic-Lénh in-giim toan phan hay mot phin hinh phat. Ngodi ra, tGi-nhan cdn cd tht duge Tbng-Trirong BO Tu-Phdp ky nghj-dinh phéng-thich cé digu-kién néu 43 t6 ra an-nin héi-cai, khong phai [4 ké tdi-pham, 44% thu- hinh dugc hon phan ova in d4 tuyén, vi duoe Churéng-Ly d-nghj sau khi m6t Héi- dng phéng-thich cb digu-kign ciru-xét hd-so va ch3p-thugn viéc phéng-thich. Phéng.thich cé ditu-kign Khic n-x4, la trong truréng-hop ngudi durgc phong- thich sau d6 (8 ra vé-hanh, hoje lim trai voi ditu-kign ghi trong nghj-dinh phong- thich, thi nghi-dinh sé duc thu-hdi, pham-nhan bj bit tré Iai thy-hinh cho hét phin cn gi ké ti ngiy duoc tam tha (Du $8 5 ngiy 6-4e1950). * THIET it NHONG THU.TUC DAC-BIET Ngoai thi-tuc td-tyng thong- thirdng, luat dy-ligu nhéng thi-tuc décebiét, mot dang la vi tinh-cich nghiém-trong cia vy pham-phip hay cé-nhan ngwdi pham-phdp chwa ding tud1 trudng-thinh, dang khic 12 vi tinhethé dgc-bigt de-doa an- ninh céng-obng cin déi-phé cho kip thai. 981.- TOA DALHINH Toa-in Dai-hinh durge thiér-lio do Dy ng’y 20-6-1950 d? xét xr nhieng trong ti ma hinh phat {A cim-c5, ki8.sai hoe rie-hin', Nzuv$n- 42 chung | vu pham- phdp dai-hinh phai dige Phéng Luin Téi soit fat cute him vin cia Dy-th3m, va ndi-vy duge dua ra xét xi hai cXp nh vy pham-phip dtu hinh. a) — CAO. TRANG CUA CHUCG'NG-LY. Sau khi nghe doc hd-so do Dy-thim két-thdc cudc thim-vin v3 4@ trinh, Chiréng-I.y lap cdo-trang wrong thudt su-kign, k3 ludn trudng-hop gla-trong va. truéng-hop giam-khinh, ri chigu-luat qui k*t téi-trang. Nhirng digu lugt phal duroc hai ra. 6) — AN-LINH PHONG LUAN.TOI, Phong Lugn-Téi xét hd-so vii cio-trang cia Chuéng Ly. Sau khi dOng y, Phong Lufn-T6i xuit 4n-linh chuyén t6ng bj-cfo ra tude Toa Dai-hinh, ddng thoi ha trait ciu-luw bi-cto. An-linh nay dugc t6ng-dat cho dong-sy mat hrot véi bin clo- trang cha Chiréng-Ly 4? bj-céo tim phurong chita minh. Néu nghi-pham dang bj giam tam tai d-lao thi si-quan tu-phdp phii dn tin khim-dudng t6ng-dat va lap vi-bing hep-phip ché khéng duryc phép chuyén giao cho Giim dc dé-!20 nho béo-thj theo thd tue hanh-chinh, Sau d6, bi-clo cé th? duoc dp-gidi din mét dé-lao khdc, gin try so Toa Dai-hinh mhit. Ludt ngay 7-2-1935 dink ring bi-céo nio dugc tai-ngoai hiu tra, cling phai bj cau-luw tai khdm hai muoi bén gid toc nedy air, trix ra khi a0 dong sy ty-dong dén chiu giam, ©) — TOA SO-THAM DAI-HINH. Truréc Toa So-thim xix vé viée dai-hinh, thi-tyc c6 di8m khac khi mir vé titu- hinh, Thanh-phin Téa gdm 1 Chénh-thim va 2 Thim-phin phythim; & aci nio khéng 43 s6 Thim-phén thi Tong-Tréng BG Tw Phép ca nghi-dinh b3-nhigm hai vienechire hnh chénh dja-phtrong ngdi ghé phy-th3m. Sau khi bdi l-lich ca cde bj-can, Chanh-dn truyén cho Lycsy doc ban cdo. trang, ké 46, Toda héi nhan-chirng 43 durge doi ra, Sau 46, theo qui-tic thong thudng, dan-sy nguyén-clo sé dugc Chénh-dn trao loi tude. Sau dan-sy nguyén-cio, Bitn-Ly st ding lén trinh bay ndi-vy cho Ta va bude ti. Sau cing bj-can s& durgc ty minh hogc nbd luét-sw trinh bay ly-do bio-chita cho minh. Bi-can lu6n luén durge néi lei ndi cud cing. Céc Thim-phén Toda So-thim dai-hinh sé quyét inh theo da-sé vé tit cd cic khodn Hén-quan t6i ti-trang cla bj-can, cic truéng-hyp ting ti hay giam tdi, vé vite 4p-dyng hinh phat clng [a vé cic khoin bdi-thiéng thiét-hai. Sau khi tuyén 4n, trong truong-hop bi-can bi hinh phat, Chanh-dn phai cho y biét ring y cé 10 ngay dé khing-céo. 99a) = TOA THUQ'NG-THAM DAI-HINH. Khoi dau, 5 ngdytruée phign xi, Chanb-thim rit tén phy-thim nhin-din trong daah-sich 12 vi dirge chon trong gidi thin-hdo nhan-si cu3i ndm torde, tire sy hign dién cia céng-t&-vign, nguyén-céo, bj céo va lugr-su. Sau khi c6 dt $8 2 phy thim thigho, Chénh-'him ede hém «én hai phy thm dy-knuyét, d& phong ngira su thay thé bit ng’. Mudn thay thé phy-thim, Chanh-in phi tn-teong thé ty khi suit thim, bing khéng an Téa sé bj hiy. Cong-td-vign va bi- cio c6 quyén céo-tj phy-thim nhin-din. Ong Chinh-thim néu xét 6 Iy-do chinh ding, thi ra dinh-lénh quyét-dinh sing vj phy-thim du-khuyét ther obit s ngdi thay vj phu- thim bj edo-ti, Nhw vsy thank-phin Toa Thugng-thim Daichinh gdm 1 Chénh-thim, > Héi-thim phy-thim va 2 phy-thim nhin-din, 4) — THU-TYC TAI PHIBN XU. Diing ngty gid ghi tren trit ddi, bj-céo thong tha dén Phong xtr, khong bj céng tay, Tri khi bi-cfo thing kldrgra tiuée Téa thi co-quan efng-iye phii 4p térg, Tieng tiudng-tep bi-céo 2m réilegn teit-1w, Téa van tigp-ye nkém hep tai Frérg xi, nkung bj cio duge 6 rt can prirg ké cin, 101 tbira-phat-lai 13n hdi théng-béo cho duong-syy biét nhGng giai-dogn cia cuge tranh-lugn (Lugt ng’y 9-9- 1835). Chanh-thim 6 quytn dyc-bigt ma céc hOi-thim khong ob ; trdi lgi toan th? Toa Daichinh cé ning-quyén cla Toa ma riéog Chénh-thim khéng th? c6. Qui vay, Chénh-th?m gift cho sy tty trang-rghitm duge kinh nt, ditu-bhitn cuge trach-lujn va cé tein-cuytn nghe nhén-chiing nto cing duge, diu ching cb duge trat ddl hop Ig kay bhéng, nhitu khi lai cOn obit dinh khém-nghi(m trudng-so ma ci Téa phal tuan theo. Nhung Chérh-in khéng phép ty-déeg truyén nhém phitn xd kin, hay xr phat ngwdi ndo phem 1éi tai phién air. Hai quyét-dinh nay phai la quyét-dinh chung cia ban dai-hinh, Pky-thim pban-din cé bdn-phén theo doi cuéc tranh bién ma khong duge tryc- tip comey, mun kéi dite chi cirg pkai trirh uuée v6i Chanh-thim tiy-nghi phan fei, Suét phién xir, phy-thim ohan-din khéng quyén lién lge véi bit cu ngudi no rzoii Chanh-in va bai vj hi-thim, nu bat twin phii bj xir phat (digu 344-HSTT). Hon niga, luge ngay 16-12-1933 bat bude cdc phu-phim ohin-dan git bi mat, khong nhitng tong khi xir do ma lai sudt ci ai. Toa lin lurgt nghe luat-sr nguyén-cio, Churéng-Ly bude ti, fugt-su’ bién-ho cho bj-cio. Bao git trudge Toda Dai-hinh, bj-cio cing dugc lugt-sur bign-h9 ; néu bj-cdo khong nho Iugt-sur ring thi Churong-ly yéu clu thi-linh héi-dong trang-su dé cir mot vi luat-su bign-h6 thi. Cuge tranh-bién két-thiic voi Io1 ni chét cia bj-cio xong ; Chinh-thim tuyén-bé chim ditt (chigu di@u 335 HSTT) d2 Toa hui vio phdng nghj-dn. 100©) — CHIEU LUAT HOI BAN. Khang ai diye roi khoi phong nghi-luda, va khong mot dé¢-tam-nhin nio dirgc phép budéc chin vio phong, kt luén ch Chirdng-ly va Luc-sip. Nguoi nio pham-phap sé bj giam 24 gid (diéu 344-HSTT). ban dai-hinh phai tra li nhieng ciu héi cia Chinh-in : rang. —vé trudng-hop gla-trong cho mdi tdi-trang. — vé trueng-hyp giam khinh cho mdi téi-trang. Néu cugc tranh-bién truoc Toa dem lai bing-chirng vé mot" su kign moi» lign-hg toi hinh-d3ng bj truy-t6 va khd-di d3i tgi-danh cia bi-cio, thi Chinh-thim dt thém ciu héi moi, ngé h¥u d3i toi-danh cho ding lust. Nhung Chinh-thim khéng dé cép" ti trang khdc . tuyét-va-lien-h¢ vei ti- trang dang xét-xir, mic dau cuéc tranh-lujn phit-gide thém ‘i méi, cling nhur khoug thd xix phat ngudi nao khéng cé tén trong Sn-linh Phong Luin-Téi va ban cio-trang. Toan-th? nhan-vién ban dai-hinh tri loi biog cich bitu-quyét theo da-sé. Dioh xong tdi trang, Tda cing bigu-quyét hinh phat theo da-sé. 4) — TUYEN-AN. Toa tii nhém voi sy hién-ditn cia Chuéng-Ly va Lucsy. Chint-in doc lai ohitng cau vin-dip, ri tuyén-an. Ditu 358-HSTT. dinh ring bi-cio nio dirge tha bbng duoc phéng-thich lip tic, cdc thé-thie s& thi-hink sau. Chinh-thim bio cho pham-nhin bj xi-phat biét ring thoi han xin phi-dn Li 3 ngiy. Sau nhitu nim kinh-nghigm thyc-hinh, aha lp-phap it cling phii nhin thay mot trong nhitng khuyét-ditm cia t8-chirc Toa Thugng-thim Dai-hinh 13 khéng dit ming phin xét doin cia phy-thim nbin-din: & Toa So-thim, khéng cé phy-thim nhin-dan, thi cd nhin-chimng ra cung-Khai, cdn & Toa Thugng-thim cé phu-thim nohin-dan thi khéng cd mhin-ching. vi Toda khing-cio theo nguyén- tie chi xét-xd chiéu bit luc hd-so do Toa so-cip chuyén dg. Von khéng phai la thim-phan chuyén-nghiép, phu-thim nbin-din cin thiy tjn mit va nghe tan tai cic nhan-chéng thi mSi cS thé cb mt tim-chimg vé sy pham-phip. 2, TOA-AN THIEU-NHI Thi-tuc xét-xd tro Toda-in Thifuenbi khdc thdtye thing. Nhirag thi- tuc gui-tang hay tryc-td chi dp-dung mau bigt-lé ngu xét od Ii cho di-can, Con ngodi ra, bao gid cing phii cé cugc thim-ciru so-khéi. M&i thigu-nhi phii xi riéng, can-pham cic vu khdc cing nhu cic nguoi khong Héa-hg déu khéng dug cd mit trong phién xir, Chi due dir phién Toa cic nhin-chimg, than-thuje cla dira ué, lujtsu, dai-dign cic cr-quan to vé thigu-nhi vA nhieng ngui Toa xet cin phii od my. Toa-ia Thitu-nhi tuyen-is trong phiéa ohém cdng-khai. WwKhénz ai hinh hay iéa cua bi-can 8.~ TOA-AN QUAN SU THUONG do T5az Trivag Quic-Paong phit-dsag bing mot khoi-'6- a dua bj can ra xir thdng trvéc Toa-dn ma khong 15 46 dug: 251 cling hd-so cho Uy-vién Chanh- Cénz -phi chay’n giao hd-so ngay cho cia minh Dy-thim dai bj-cio dén hoi cung, Cic phién xi oi tuyén bd xe kin, méu xét thay i 3 hai cho trat-tr cong-cng. Tos-in Quia-sy xt Thugng-Thim ahung 06 ¢ dn vé ditm phip- An chip-nl nguyén-thim xir fai v6: . nghia la khing cé sy khdng-cio lén Toa n Toa Pha An. Toa Pha-An chi xét lai vy Niu don tegag.t6 due Toa Phi- 4.- TOA-AN QUAN.SY TAI MAT.TRAN Tos-dn Quan sy tai M tga duoc tBachire do SL. 11/62 ngiy 1-5-1962. Toa-dn Quan-sy tai Mat-tran c3 thim-quyén xét-xir cic tdi-pham sau day do bj-can pham qua-tang trong suét théi-gian c6 tinh-trang kh3n-cip tai lanh-thd ving chién-thugt = — Déi véi quin-nhan v3 dis-phurong-quin (Bio-an) ; tit cd moi téi pham dy- ligu trong BO Quan-luat v2 cdc lat-lé hién-hanh. —~ Déi voi thuong-daa : cdc t6i xam-pham ap-ninh quic-gia va cdc Gi ma BO Quan-lujt 43 minh-dinh rang can-pham thdng-din cling thuéc thim-quyén Toa-dn Quan-sy. Téng-s6 Toa-an Quin.cy tai Mét-tran tiy theo nhu-ciu. Céc can-pham so-khoi mac: dau vii ruyén dua ra xétexir thang tuéc Toa khong cin thim-vin pham-phép 6 th? dua déo hinh phat tir-hinh. Sy téng-dat tris 601 bi-can ra rude Toa niy khéog cin tin theo mot théi- ban nao, Uy-Vién Caina-Pau cd the chi-dinh ngwoi biga-hd cho bj-can ngoli daah- sca cz Lajs-ss, Cis bia aa cla Toa-in Quiasy tai Miteirga déu eavag-thim, Moi phyong-chiric kh ing-n hay phi-dn kadag Sp-dung. ia2Séc-luit $6 4/65 ngiy 19-7-1965 cia Chinh-Pha Quan-sy dura ra Tda-an tai Mit- trgn nhitng vu pham kinh-té, bin qué gi4, chuytn ngin phi phip, nh§p-cing Idu dé bio-vé kinh-té quécgia, cing nhu nhitng vy héi-ld, bikn-thi cdng-quy 2 thanh-loc hang ogi ohan-vién chinh-quyén, va ahitng vy phd r8i trj-an, va nhit nhifng vu cone 65 tin-céng canh-sdt, 42 bio-vé trit-ty cong-cOng. Dang ra Sdc-lugt nay khng thiét lp 1 co-quan thi-phin A¥c-bigt, ma chi gizo cho Tda-in Quan-sy tal Mjt-tean quyéa xét xir m@t sO pham-phip nguy-hitm cho sy tén-vong cia T3-quéc trong tinh-trang chién tranh. 5.— TOA-AN CACH-MANG Sau cude CAchemang ng’y 1-11-1963, Chtnb-phii Céch-mang di ban-hinh Sfc- luat s8 4/64 ngay 28-2-1964 thiét-lap Toa.an Cach-mang voi thinh-pin d4c-bi¢t gom + Chénh-thim dan-sy, 4 phy thim ghin-din va 4 si-quin physthim, mét Chudng-Ly do Thi-Tiréng chi-dinh, 2 xét xi nhitng toi 4c gay ra trong khoing thdl gian tir 26-10- 1955 dén 1963, béi mhiing cén-b$ mat-vy, kinh-tai, nhitng vign-chirc cao-cip cing nhan-vat quan-trong dui ché.dg Ngd-dinh-Digm ; tuy ahién Tda-dn Cich-Mang xét- xir theo thil-tuc thurdng, phin-quyét chung-thim va chi hoat-dong trong théi gian ngdn ngil [a 3 thang sau ngdy bao-hanh. @— TOA-AN BAC-BIET Cudi cing, Chinh-Phé Quin-sy phii thiét-lap mét Toa-an Dic-bigt do Séc-ludt 6 3/66 ngav 15-2-1966 dé xét-xir_nhitng vu diu-co vi ting gid hing-héa qué mirc lugt djah, vi-pham quan-thué, héi 1, bitn-thi cdng-quy vi nhieng loai tdi-pham nay cang ngiy cing nhitu, Lam gidm d&m-lyc tranh-d4u cha quéc-gia. Thi-tyc trwéc Toa-dn Dicebigt 14 thi-tuc 4p-dung trrée Toa-dn Quan-sy tai Mit-tr4n. KET.LUAN TRIEN-VONG O TUO'NG-LAI Hién-Phap ngiy 1-4 - 1967 cia Vigt-Nam C6ng-Hoa nhim bio-vé quyén-lyi cia bj-co hon nifa, Ithi cho phép Lust-str dirgc hé-trg than-chit tir lde léy lai Khai tai cinh-sit-cugc. Mac diu luit t8.tung hign-hanh bit bude thim-phdn soat Iai moi hanh- vi digu-tra cua cinh-sit, tin Hitn-Phip con thém bio-dim cho bi-céo ngay & gial- dogn ditu-tra so-khdi cia cinh-sit, vi nhw vay 43 thychign mot cuge céch-mang lujt-phap quan-trong, trén linh-virc bao-vé obin-quyén. Sing-kign ny t6 ra vO claghiuch d? bio-dim cong-ly trudge nhing co- quan fai-phin djc-bigt nao thigt-lip d& nz-phé véi tinh-trgng chiga-tranh, ma tha. tyc durge glin-dj-héa 42 khdi lam mat thdi-glan-tinh, IA Toa xét-xir theo vi-bing ditu tea so-khdi nhitng vy pham-phdp mi khdng qua giai-dogn thim-ciru cia Dy-thim, nhu thuéng-lujt. 105Hien tai, 98 co-quan ta'-phin dgc-bigt “nay” cing khéng nhiéu,” mycSdau Vitt- Nam dang chitn-tranh véi Céng-sis, vi cin bio-dim an-ninh tritety dén mirc t6i-da. Két-ludn, trén phuong-ditn digu-hinh céng-ly néi chung, Higa-Phap ngay 1-4-1967 khi nhin han quyén cia bj-can dirge Ludt-sw dy-kién trong moi cuge digu- tra so-khdi, dd thém ingt bao-dim cho mbin-quyén trie gudng mAy trivng-tr). Tuy nhién, vé mit hinh-sy t-tung, cng vige con phii !im Ih nghién-ciru sy’ dung-nhip thietye méi trong hé-th3ng lujt hign hink, sio cho khdi trang-dung hay miu-thuin lim gay 43 sy dituehop ty-do con nairei véi quyén-lyi xi-hdi, sia-di IA tién-dé cla tam-doan-lujn trong moi chinh-sich trimg-phat tdi-i Qua vay, theo hé-théng luge higa-hinh, moi vu dn phai qua 2 lin thim-vin diy bi la Dy-tham va Phong Lujn-Toi (niu cé khing-cio hanh-vi thim-vin cua Dy- thim) rdi qua 2 lin xée NG 1A Toa So-Thim va Toa Thiryng-Thim. & giaisdogn digu-tra so-khoi, Cinh-sit chi cé phin-sy thu thip tai-ligu vé sy pham-phip, ma thim-phin cé quyén tin hay khéng tin. Trai Iai, trong t3-chite hinh-vu khong cS Di-thim va Phong Luda-Téi, thi Cinbesit lim phin-sy eda Dy-thim va lip viebing dua ngay ra tha xét ; do 46, sy kigm-soit cia Big: va hétry c4a Luatsu ngay o giai-doan ditu-tra Canh- sit la digu-kign cin-thiét d8 bio-dim cong-ly. Nay chip-nhin thi-tyc nay thi hai gidi-phip dure djt ra : mot la bai bé vai trd cla Dy-thim va Phong Lugn-Tél ; hai la git nguyén hai dinh-ché nay ; ma git nguyén hai co-quan thim-van nay la djt cho m3i vu an 3 Hin thim-vda, ngoai ra cbn phii ning gid-trj cia hanh-vi diéu-tra cia Canh-sit lén ngang hing vol haah-vi thim- vin cia Dy-thim, Sy digu-hanh céng-ly vé hinh-sy cd th? bj diab-tré tréi voi nguyén-téc « Justice delayed is justice denied » (céng-ly tré-nii, tire IA khéng cb cdng- ly) vietdt 43 1a digu mong wéc cia nha lip-hién 2 Ciing theo da tign-trign nay, cin duyét lai vin-dé tw-phdp bao-tre’, sao cho sy’ hé-teg cia ludt-sur khong chi la nguyén-tic sudaz, mi la m9: thys-té nh Hién-Phdp 44 ghi r noi digu 7 4.6 : “ Bi-can cé quyén duge luit-su bignehd. » Muén duge vay, lujt-su-doan cin td.chire thé nio cho cd it nhdt 1 Ludtesu & anh mdi Toa-an, va trang-bj mot tinh-thin cdch-mang la s5t-sing cham lo quyén- Igi cita mai bi-céo nhe toi tu-phap bao-try voi diy di sy tin-tim chirc-nghigp. ~~ todA3IA-HNIGNAT ATONO.NHD “9 VOD O.NHO-WYHN SHLNZANL 101 NVEN NODIVS WYHL-ONOOHL VOL VND ONOUL-ONOT VOL NgIHdCHUONG VII DAN-SU’ TO.TUNG PHAN THU’ NHUT NGUON GOC LUAT T0.TUNG 1. — VE MAT DAN-SU’ iét-Nam cé tit cd bén bé luat din-sy 16-turg din ray vin chua duec thing phét thinh mét FO Iedt duy nbz: tg Dandedt tt-erg Bic bonhirk nim 1917, b§ Hé-sy Thuong -sy (-turg Trung-Vidt rim 1c42, Nehi-dioh 16,3, 1910 4p.dung tai Nam-Phin vi t6 Din-cy tS-1ycg cla Fiép ben bash nim 1807 duge 4p dung ttude che Teanin Fkap ca tgi Viét-Nem, mrét phan cdn duge cde co-quan tai-phin cla ta vién-din nbw tob-vin ly-tich ¢B bB-we cde vin-dé thi-tyc khigm-kkuyét, Chink cong vi sy thitu s¢t riy ma mét ééi khi cdc thim.phan con phai tham-chifu bai Sic-lénb ta.chie tu-ghép tiuée rgay dé te She-lénh 19.5.1919 va 16.2.19276 Ban vin cé th8 coi nhe ngude géc chich yéu v2 Iuat (-iyrg 12 Dy sd 4 pgdy 18.10.1949 techie (Sng-quét én Tu-phip Viet-Nem Nyoai ra, con cé Dy sd 5 ngay 18.10.1949 t8-chéc T6i-Cao Phip-Vién trong 45 co Ban Tu-pkép duoc thay thé bing Toa Phi-Aa do Du s6 27 ngiy 29.1057, va Ban Hinh-Crink duge thay thé bing Tham-Chiph-Vign do Dy sé 38 ngay o.1r.1954; cing phai k@ thm Nehi-dinh ngay 7.3.1924 thiét-lip céc Toda Hoa-Giai Ding-duong ¢én nay vin cbn dugc dp- dyng. Dy s& 2 ngay 5.1.1930 sia di boi Du sd 36 nghy 8.111954 thiét-lap va th-chec Tda-Aa Hanh - Chinh, Du sé 22 ngay 15. 11. 1952 thiét - lap va t+ chire cic Tda- An Cip-Dudng. Dv sd 27 ngiy 22.10.1956 va Sac-lénh ngay 27.11.1957 thigt-lap va tS-chire Toa-in Dién-Dia, Du 3 4 nghy 24 53 thiét-lip Toa-4a Nha Phé, Dy s5 15 ngdy 8.7.1952 thite lip va WS ehuc Tea-in Lac-Béng. Sau cing, con cé céc ban vin in-dinh quy-ché cdc ngach thuge BG Tu-Phép phy Thin. phan, Chudng-khé, Lyc-syr va quy-ché cde nghé -quan dén tu-phdp oh Lugt.su, Thira-phit-lgi, Hé-gid-vin v.v. WhA) BS Lugt H6-Sy, Thuong-Sy Té.Tyng t cing voi che Bo Trurg-k} Phép-Vien Buen-Clé, Hioh Sy T8-Tyrg vi Luat Thuong-Mai, duge ban-l inh cko Trung-Phin (trir Daring 15) 36 con 1 obwgrg-dia cia Php) do Du s 46 ngay 12-6-1942 nhuog dén Rady 25..1944 méi bit dau dp-dung, Ton th8 gbm ti chuorg, 351 diéu, pln ohitu 4a ohierg dint? migu 8, vach sin them nhimg R1Ci phai theo nhy tong mét théng- ty bant-chésh, ché it cé nbiing difu-khedn chinh-xéc dinh-thic mét nguyén-tic phdp Wy erg quae, Lud scan cho cée Ted.dn thuge Nem-Tritu, nhung theo digu tc6 Dy 36 4 thehte rio Grphtp méi, BO H6Se Thuong-Sy Té Tyrg vin duoc tam thoi git lai cko dén kbi r2o théng ob’t lugt-phap trong todn coi Viét-Nem, trir nhing dibu- in no trdi voi techie chinh-trj, hanh-chinh va tw-phép hién thoi, Nhu vay- het 3 chuovg VII cla BG H.S.T.S.T.T. noi v8 th-Jé ring khi Quan Thuong-Thy B6 Tu-Phap corg kign va tet 4 e¢i ve Phi Tén-Nkon va Bo L2 Cérg héi duyét- An phai coi chu bj buy td. Va whOrg du ivdt ¢& cép ¢én quyér.ten cdc Chénh- Pki Nam-Triéu, Bic-H6 (phy difu 118) heac Nrém.Su Dai-Thin (nti déu 78) cOog khong com higu-lrc, B) Nghi-dink ngdy 16.3.1010 — Tai Nem-Ftin, Ha-Néi, Hai-Pherg vi Da-rire, True nim 1945 chi cé céc Tod-in Phip duge «3 chic theo 2 Sac-léch 1919 va igar noi trén. Cac co-quan wi-phin nly xét xir kigu-din Phép va ohiing rgudi Au. hos lin dan bin xr va cde cpudi dBng-hod voi dir.réc A-chau nén €3 ding toi 2 BS T6.Tyng : BS Da.Sy T6-Tung Phép nim 1807 ban-hanh tai Viét-Nam cho hang ngudi ‘he mhér sa Nghi-dinh 163.1910 Sn-dinh mot thi-iye gidn.dj ton 4p-dung khi Toa xu che vide hp bin xt. Kt oir rp2y 16.9.1954 by-ket Higp.Dinh thdu 1Bi bean tean cht-quyén ter phip, Viet-Nam chi cn duy-tri Nghi-djnh 16.2,1910 abu Levit Té-Tyng duy obit Sp-dung cho tZt cd mgi tyng-nh’n cé viec kién thua truée Téa An quéc-gia, bat kt quéc.tich no. I.— VE MAT HANH-CHANH. Trude thoi Phdép-thuge tai Vigt-Nam khéng cé Tda-dn Hanh chiah mo ¢; moi quyén.hanh d&u tap-trung trong tay oh’ Vua, cic quan-lai thay m%t Vua a& cai-tri, din chy chiu trich-nhiém truge Vua ma théi, Trong thii Phap.thuge cing khéng cé Toa-in ndo cb quyén ché-tai cic haoh- vi hanh-chénh cla Hoang-Dé Vigc-Nam hoSce cha cdée quan-chirc théng - thuéc Hoang.triéu Név cOé mgt hé-théng tai-phdn hanh-chach & Dong Dirong gdm Tham-Chinh- Vigo Phap vi Héi-Dng Tai-Phin Havh-Chinh Déng-Duong do Phip thiét-lip, thi 106hg-chdng cing chi cé thim quyéa ché-tdi cde haah-vi hanh-chinh cia céc cceyuan Phip ma thdi, cba cd: Quyé-fivh cia che aha chreetrdch & Bic vi Trung-Phia, Weathuds Hoiig-Crés, e1dag tr? bi cthceica, Va nguyéa-the trdch-ohigm hdab-chdab oda quoe-g.a V.e.-Num cag kudag digs cdag-nhja, Hon nita, cing khéag thé khdng- t8 d6i voi cdc haah-vi ela cé: cdag-chére PaSp haah-djag vii tu-cich 18 dai~ dién cia Hodng-Dé Vigc-Nam, Tir nim 1950, mot hé-th6ng tdi-phéa hAnh-chinh qude- 4a duge thiét-lap dé xét x phitag vy tranh.tyng hana-chinh : Tot in Hoah-Caiah Viit.3 Dy sS 2 nety $1:950 vi Bar HE 14.Casah T5.-Cis Paso.vi ngly 15.t0.1954, sau d3 duge chi sia thanh Tham-C.d.b-Viia do Du si 38 reay grr tg54. Ngoai ra ca c6 mit phip-dish quan-roag cS téah-cich cba mét Tod Dic. Thin High-Caioh 18 Tod Cip-Driag, thigt-lip do Dy s8 22 mghy 15.11.1952. e xx PHAN THU HAI THAM-QUYEN CUA CAC CO-QUAN TAI-PHAN 1.= THAM QUYEN CUA CAC CO-QUAN TAL-PHAN TU-PHAP, A) THAM.QUYEN PHS.D CAc TOA-AN CA? NHAT. Cic Toi-da cSp nhat 18 Toa durgc thyly Miu tide truoc khi adi ve bi chéng 4n lén To’ cip tréa d? phicer lai Mia the obi thes nguyéa.tic lugng-cip i-phin. Theo thuang-lé thi Tot So-Thim duge thy-ly fin thir obit, hung edng co thé & Tok Hol.Gidi hay Tod Lao.déng. Mét Y-kiga chit chét cia duye oh’a mah 12 Tod Sx-Thdia dia-sy va Tod Hos-Gidi R3az-Quyta A Tod thuvag-tang xi eit cd cds vy tranh-tung trréc tito vhi tu-cich Toi ofp mbt, trir nftvaz vids m\ Lsit-94i9 marth) pidde thin quyta cho mét tod-dn khéc ; Tod nly duge gqi 1 Toh DiceThim. Trong x6 Tod Dfc-Thim, néa ke Tod Thuvag-Myi, Toi Cip-Thim, To Nhi Phd, Tod Diéa- Dia, Toi Lao-Djag, Tot Hoa.Gidi. 1.— Toa So-Thim va Hda-Gidi Réng-Quyén. Tim.quyta phods che Tor my dye Satish bing hai tia-chuda seid ngach thim-quyéa va ban-chir vu kién.1, Ve gid-nggch + a) Tai Trung-Pain, Téa So-thim vi Hoa-Gidi Réog-Quyén xi chung-thim cic vige tuoag-trach déog-sin, hofe d3i vii ngirdi, vide thuong-sy, vige doi hodn to hay bdi-thoag voi gid-agach tra 5093 nhuag desi 15008, vé bit déng-sin theo gidngach igitde ddng-niéa Kadug qui 1508; x su-thim cde vide tren day vGi gid-ogach 13008 hoic huéloi qué 1g08 vi cic vige twong tranh khong dioh 1d duge Ia bao nhiéu, cing cde vigc céng-sin, nhin-thé, cdn-cudc, thira ty, ho¥e khanh-tn. b) GO Nam.Phin, Toa xi se-ihlim va chuog-thim cic té-quyém déi-nhin va dong.sin dé misc 7508 bay 750 gid lda (indi gig trong keong d6 20 ki-l6), cde b= quyéa bit.dGug-sin Igi-tuc ddng-nién go gia lia hay 30% mdi nim; x so-thim tit c& vu n6i tréa ma gid-ngach qui céy s6 bac hay lua vira dinh hay khdng the dinb gid ngach duoc. 2-/ Vé bdi-chit va kign: cic Toa Si-thim vi Hoa-Gidi Réog-quyéa cd dic-quyéa toin.thim, nghia Li cs thim-quyén cr cit cd cdc vp tranh-tung mi ludt-phip khong minh-bach dinh rigug thim-quyéa cho cic Toa Dfc-Thim, Hiu-qud 1a 4éi voi cic viée Wing 1é phii dua ch: Tox Dye Mit mi ‘Tha thuong-tumg lai thy-ly, thi Toa nliy chi c6 mot toa qayta pha ty, ngh I cdc dwongear cd tht théa-hiép d& Foa xét sir, hose néu khong ¢ tinh nde mA wat ben nar ra wot e-quyén thi phdi uu vin dé 1a ngay nguoay cia ve Uanltung trwoe khi két-duan ve néi-dung. Newdt thaw en tanzanite virw nos, Toa Ser Vidin vi Hoa-Gidi Rong-Quyén con 6 dac quyén xe air whirag vu teauh-tuuz dines sau day. a) Cac vide kiga thugs ve quydu sy huu bit-donug-siu bat cur gid-ngach bao ghiéu. Quyéu vay bi suy gidws ohidy tr ngiy cd Dy si 37 ugly au-ro-1g56 va SL. ng’y sy ti-ays7 dinh chy ede ‘Toada Diin-Dia xr cic vige rugng dSt khi thi-hdnh hay hin khi thi-hagh chdnh-sich cai-cich dién-dia, b) Cac vy traoh-tang ligo-quan dén thin-trang va nang-lye, ohu héa-thi, tirhé va quée-tich. ©) Traub-trung vi gido-tyr (vieu 43° WON gh: Dinh gin, du 1y5-303 HLS.T.S. TAT.) va dauy: cio piiauay (didn 1 Negi Dante eyte, deesy og ILS EST) dy Trauh twag ve quien oy eg sanghe (did ay Lit 35 12°57 ngay 16+ 1957). e) Céc vu kién hd béa-quaa dén thus Trudc-Ba va thué Gida-Thiu (Nghj-Djnh 6-11-1929 vé Trudc-B2; diéu 252 Nghj-Dinh 1-5-1940 vé thud Guin-Thau) f) Cac sy keh6 khaa vi the-lank anvau ke cd vin Gia Toa Bgc- Thin 1Usx) Cic vu tai-nan Lao-Ding (Nghi-dinh 31-1-1944 va digu 248 BO Luj. Lao-Déng), nhing Tda So-Thim ch} xt don xia b3i-rhurtyng néu cd bit nSng-lye vinh-viéa cua nan nhin (con vé titm chén cit phu-c3p hieq ngay, bic-si, thude men thi do Thim- Phan hoa-gidi noi xiy ra tai-nan). h) Sau hét, Toa So-Thim v6 1! 3n-quyéa chuyéa hOu cho lénh chuln-hanh cdc ban. an ngoai-quée xin chdp-hanh tgi Vigt-Nuat Neoai ra, khong nén quén quyén tii-phan phi-tung eta T)\) So-Tiim Dine sir va Hoi-Giai Rong-Quyén ; quséa nay thyéng 18 duge hiaiv mong Thim-nghi, cSng-chang khing dugy tir dy~ phong Luat thudn-tuy Vist-Nam khéog mot BS Ludt Thor to Tauris. vi imac dau ta 66 emit baabinh tai Truag-Pala do Du si 46 ngiy 126 1yg2. Ngay hoi cda Tol-in Pap, agai tre MeN}. Hi-Padin v3 Suyon cds Tol Dia-sg So-Tnim hots Hoa-Gui Rbrg-Quyés cic tint xk ci vids curvag-mai. Du sd 4 ngly 1819.19)9 kde Mii val dp-dung true Tol ndy, di d3az ai Viet? chr: Tok Thugag. Cho née Teuag-Paie tiaheteang kbosy ay doe ug ia ia. ‘Thuvng-Mai tiéng, Toi Sx-Phda vi Hoa-Gidi Raz Quyti xr ca vi mii, theo BO Luat Thiru 5 Ingelé duge Ap-dyoq 1 ag 68 Toa thew ag. gendi baachdah mam tyie, OF Nun-Poir cuag vay, nung c banvia ndi tou du 2 phéi-hgp wri Nghi-dith 16 3.1919 neu king tdi vei 1-. 4 dat nn tog. Sie-inh 1931 di teén, 2 twarip do Dy s3 ‘Trén nguyéa ti. fol Thuong-Mii co thim-guyéu xt xit cic vu tranb-tung gira cic thyong-gia hole liéa-quan déa cic hinh-vi thuvagimi cla moi agudi, haoh-vi may cd thé do din-chéc hud: do thuyé gia-phu. Néu oS mt hinh-vi hSa-tap gia thyoog-gia vA thudog-nhin thi ndi vy duge dua ra Tod Dao-sir thuéng-tung hay Toi Tavyag-Mai tay theo tw-cich cia bi-doa. Tod Thugng- Mai con cd thim-quyéa xét xk nitag va kéo xiy ra gida hdi-vién mét gi buda, va abitag vy khdnh-tén. Nhitag dinh- ac Toaein & Nant thimquyes pho d% ira KB thia, vi Toa dn thely atu d Saupe trio pha nae doi vant cht omg phong cia Téa Dies. con & che tal nbd tt cd che vu danse wa terragsy du dhege gol ra mice phién Toa HG, nén khi dem fam doo khditS vio Toa Clas day vi Toa Thuy. ge Mai, hay aguoe Iai, Khéng phdi vi vay ma 6 sy v6 thim-quyén, 2, — Chanh-An Téa So-Tham kay Hoa Giai Rong-Quyén. Crinh-Ao ‘Tos S3-Thaut hay Hoa-Gidi ledug. Quyéu os mir Mav] dge-bigt va 109nbirag quyén-han wra roog-rii vira phire-tap, Am 4 Thim-Phin 46 mét minh 43 ch mgt co-quan tai-phdn, khic bigt va ¢Oc-lgp voi Toa So-Thim ma Chénh-An chi 1a mgt don-vi. Chinh-An c6 hai quyée-han chinh : twyén xt céc quyét-dink cdp-thim vi ban cae Sn Iéah phé-don. Digu 24g Nehi-dinh 16.3.1910 4¥t ra mot oguyén-tuc tog quét cho phép cdc Thim-Phéa ra cic an- Iénh phé-don mdi thi phdi quyét-inh tue whic nhung khong thich-hgp v6i thi-tyc cdp-thim. Lugt Té-Tyng Trung-Phin khéng c6 mot digu-khoia chung mhur diéu 249 adi tréa, nhung dy-léu rit ahigu trrong-hop 1é té phdi quyét-djoh hu vay Ssu day | nhing thi-dy thudng gip obit : — 4a-lgoh day sira chita nhing sy lin 1gn vat chit trong gidy te hé-tich, 4u-léoh cho phép chi ag tich-bién tam thoi dbog-sio cia con ag, — 4n-Iéoh cho phép tita-chi don khéi.t8 vé chinb-vu, — 4n-léah cho phép ahi thira-phit-lgi ip bién-bin kitm-ching sy pham-gian. 8.— Toda CXp-Tham. Toa nay do mot minh Ong Chénh-Aa hoie mot vi Taim-Phia Toa So-Tao hay Hda-Gidi Rong-Quyéa thay thé chi-toa durye th-chire so-luge trong digu 175, 245- inh agay 16-3-19t0, BS D.S.T.S.T.T. Trung va Dy s8 4 agty 18-10-1949 dtu ip déa. Thi-tuc e%p-tham cé muc-dich dua re xet air tam-thdi vi mau chong shing sy kho khan trong c4c vy cip-bach hay khé khin vi hing dgng-tic thi-hanh. a) Truvag-hgp ih3a-cip 1a trudag-hop thdng-thuong obit Nawaz khio-eip 1) mgt via-4@ sy-kiga, Tda-4a c6 todu-quy8a xét-djoh, chur khong theo quan-ni¢m ritng cha mt trong hai bén di kigo, Toa Khin-Cip chi cé thim-quyéo quyét-djoh néu phirong-sich ban-bS khéag [am thige hai dén chdnh-vu, nghia la phén-quyét chi ban ra tam-thdi, khdng duge pham vio noi-dung quyén-lgi, Nhivog diéu thioh-cdu chinh phai thugc thim-quyés Téa So-Thim Din-sy Néu co sy traah ogi quaa-trong, Toa Khin-Cip cing vd thim-quyéa. b) Vé trugaog-hyp thi-hioh khé kh¥a, ofu sy kho khin liga-quaa déa mot chirng-khodo chip-hanh hay m@t bin Sn-vin thi Su-lé khéag dit bude phai cé si kh3n cp. Tawsag lf teang tf ed cis ry ote okt aaelgah ote, Crist Tle fe 110du-phdng truéc cde sy kbé khin thi-haoh va ghi trong Sn-lénh * Nghj ring trong trudng- hop khé khin, Ta sé xét clp-thim ». Trong Ic thi-hinh m§t bin-da cfing vay, Thira-phit-tai gp khé khSn phai ti true Thim-Phin cip-thim o% xin oh méi. Toa Khia-Cip thudng cin cir vao bién- ban ghi ahiing sy khé-khin 43 vép phai ma quyét-dinh, néa trudng-hop nay con duge goi 18 cip-thim trén vi-bing. 4— Toda Nba Phd ‘Toda Nha Phd do Chénh-Aa So-Thim, Hda-Gidi Rong-Quyén bay mo Vb3m-Phau duge ty-nhigm phy-trich rigog fam Chénh-Thm xét x mét minh khéng cé dai diga Céng-TS. Di Ja nha 62 &, thi-céog, nghé-nghiép, hay nha d@ buén b4n, Tda co (Fim-quytn vin 1&8 noi cé bdt-dgng-sin toa-lac. a) Vé cdc nha G8 &, Toa Nba PS chi cé thim-quyén vé céc nha xay cSt truoc ngdy 1-7-1947 va déi voi mgt sé ngudi (Viét-Nam, Phip-kitu va Kitu-din Lién-hitp Phap). De 38 4 ngay 2-4-1953 c6 dy ligu may trudng-hop chi sha ly igi bit-dgng-sao 2 &, dB xSy cde Iai hole n6i rong thém, ohung quyén ddi ohd cing con tiy thude vio nhitu Gigu-kiga hd uhé-kbia b) V8 cdc nba budn bin, Iut-phép thoan-hdog hon d6i vbi chi phé cho phép tang tit thém, cho phép ddi nha, hung v6i shOng ditu-kién va thil-tuc nbit-dinh at khOng gly thigt-thdi cho ngudi thue, Mét vin-dé ding chi-trong ohit trong ph4p-ché nha pho la phan-bigt xem bir. A6ng-sin thuge ogi nha budn bin (iSy Iai Gugc), hay ding a2 &, ding lam thil-céng-nghé (ogudi thu duge quyén luu-cu) 40-t@ dy khdinigm wu-thé cia sy dung-dich lam tigu-chuda, 5.- Toda Bién.Bia Toa nay O%t duéi quyén cia hai BO Tw-Phép va Canh-Néng @ xét xu nhimng ve vi-pham vA traph tyog lién-quan dén vige cdi-cich dhéo-dja va ahaa bhi thi-hinh chénb-sich cdi-cdch dita-dja. Theo vin-tir cha lu§t-l@ Sn-djoh thim-quyéo thi Tda D§c-Thim nay cé quyén- han khd rOng-rai. Tuy-nhién ta khéog néo quéon oguyéo-tic chinh-yév [8 Toa So-thim Dian-sy via cdo d%c-quyéa chuyén-hiru xét xir chic vy bit-dgog-sin: vay néu tinh- eich cli-céch rugng 4%t khéng dugc néu ra thi vy tranh-tyung vin thuge thim-quytn Toa thurdng-tung. utHign nay méi thiét-lip cd tén Téa Ditn-Dia : Saigon, Dink-Tudre, Leng-An va An-Giang. Tai rhérg ro ckua dit Téa Dién-Dia riéng thi Taa So-Thim dan-sw bey Hé2-Gidi Rerg-Qvyén xét xir nhdrg vu thuce pham-vi Dy sé 57. Quin-ket cla Téa Pitn-Dja cing cirg quar-bat cla méi Téa So-Thim haY Héa-Gidi Réng-Quyén, 6.— Toda-An Lao.Bong, amir Tia Dic-Thim do BO Ludt Lao-Déng thiét-lap d® pkin xir nhing vu cienkin phin-tanh xiy sa gita chi-nhin va céng-nhin trong dip thi-berh kLe- sce lao-déng, Ci-thin phin-tranh 13 nhing vu lién-quan dén mgt s8 thuge-vién hay tke thuyén dudi 10 rpudi, én sé iy, va niu cute wank-ch3p gtm it ra met plin twocérp-rkin dele rim age Crh-cérg Bm apurg ué beer - Cie cia si-rphiip thi s@ hE nh cd sy cérg-é&ng phan-trarh, thuée tlir-cuyén cba HGi-Déng Trong-Tai gidi-quyét. Luat con dinh 13 twecéch cérg-entin duoc to-vé pedi sha tbayer, robcy Hee aph® were cle xirghép berghé, kicdrg-sip, thuong-mai vi trong cic nginh ty-do chirc-nghiép. tbede Klirg ikvéc thtm-cuyén Tcd-An Lec-Dérg nhiing giantir, ndng-phu, nbir- Vito vén-Hirk Ceorg barg-kbérg va bang-kSi ma sau By s@ cd Waele riéng chi-phéi. Gia-nhan, theo Init, 1 ohirog ngudi lam thué trong coi ngurdi chit hay t2i-sin cha chi thé khérg thudng xusén gidp chi trong sy hoat-déng vé nghé-nghiép cia chi, Tod-An Lac-Egng cé thim-quyén J& Toa tog-lac noi ma khé-wée lao-dong Quoc thi-hinh, Hiéo nay méi cé 8 Tod duge t-chirc xong : Saigon, Cin-tho, Mg-tho, Dalat, Bién-hoa, Hut, Dandng va Nha-trang, Néu od khdng-cio thi ndi-vy sé duge @ua ra Toa’ So-Thim dao-sy hay Hoa-Gidi R6éng-Quyén phuc-quyét lar voi tw- cach thuong-thim, Trong dja-phin nio chua Mp Toa Lao-Déng thi cdc vy phin- tranh sé dura ra Tod dao-sy phd-théng xét xir ; néu 6 khdng-céo thi néi-vy sé dia én Toa Theong-Thim. 7,— Toa Héa-Giai, Diéu 86 Dy sd 4 ngay 18.10.1649 dioh ring tai Nam-Phan, thim-quyén che To’ Hoa-Gidi duge dn-dinh do Nghi-dinh ngiy 7.3.1934 va cic ban vin tu- chinh, con & Trung-Phin, Tod Hoa-Gidi cé tham-quyéa cla céc Tod Se-Cap ci, duge An-dink do Neghi-dinh cia H6iDSng chip-chioh lam-thdi Trung-Ky 53 9 gay 23.4.1997 va s6 877 ngdy 20.11.1947. 112; Mic diu céc Nghi-dinh mim 1924 vi 19437 c6 nhiéu ify sai-bigt, thim-quyén cba che Téa Hoa-Gidi & Nam-Phin va Trung-Phin cé nhigu kholn twong-dbng. a) Vé quyén tai-phda phi-tung: — Toa Hoa-Gidi c6 thbm-quyén fda-gidi cdtcd che vy twong-tranh dan-sy va thirong-sir bat crt gid ngach 13 bao nhieu. — Toi Trong-Phin, Thim-Phin Hox.Gisi cb tim-quyén trigu-tip v3. elvi-toa H6i-Ding gia-ide va coi sée eimh (Bertie vide gidm-hd mbiing ngugi vo ter-cdch — Tai Nam-Phin, Thim-Phin Hoa-Giii cé quyén lim ohitu viée khSe shy Lip ching-chi thé vi khai-sinh, kbai-tit, niém-phong tay gir niém, lap biéa-bin ké-khai tai-san viv... b) Vé quyén ti-phin hiu-tng : 1,-— Tai Teung-Phin, Thim-Phén Toa-Gidi co ih xt — so-thim vi chung-thim céc viée sau nay mi fii ngach khéng qué 150% kién én -vé dan-sy thuge déng-sin hoje fli nhin, doi tia hoan hay bdi ado Tcain Hinh xt dép, vé thuong-su, thuring ta hgi do sir pham-phép sinh ra ma ch — so-thim voi quytn khing-clo cic vigc via ke ma gid ngach tren 1508 va Khong qué soof. 2— Tai Nam-Phin, Thim-Phin Hoa-Gidi co th? xr: — so-thim va chung-thim cic t6-quyéa déi-nbin va ddng-sin ma gid ogach khéng qui 1508. — so-thim véi quytn khdng-céo cic tS-quyéo néi tein ma gid ngech khéng qua 450$ va cic 16-quyéa chip- Té-quyén nay co ba thir: chap-hitu céo.td (complainte) 1a té-quyéo 2 cto mgt reudi chap-hiu bSt-déng-sin si-dung trong fic su chitm ctr bj ké khdc lam nfo dng ; 16-gide tdn-tgo (dénonciation de nouvelles oeuvres) Ib tS-quyto ding d& ngin chin mot sy hén dén vi-lai, nhuog lim thdi cé th? t6i duoc, phuc-hBi chéip-hitw (réintégrande) 1a td-quyén ding cho ngudi chip- hitu, bj ké khéc tuéc goat sy chigm cé, xin Idp lai toh-trang ci. Té-quyén chip-hitu ndi trén khdng duge dé-cép trong Nghj-dinh 1947. Vé tai-nan lao-d@ng, Tda Hoa-Gidi chi cé quyén xét dom xin teh tién chén cit, phu-clp hing ngay, tién nh’ thuong, bic-si, thudc men. Higa nay, tei Nam-Phin chi con cé Téa Hda-Gidi Saigon va Sadéc, cdn tai Trung-Phin chi cé Téa Hda-Gidi Héi-An, chung theo Sdc-lugt s& 16 ngay 29.7.1964 thi che Quéa-Trirgng Haph-Chinh déu duoc kigm-nhi¢m chéc-vy Thim-Phén Hoa. 18i Npeti rr. O ndding noi rio khorg 6 Téa Hoa-Gidi, cde Téa So-Thim hay Haa-Gidi Réng-Quitn vin ¢é th’ thy-ly va xét xr cde vu thuge thim-quytn cis Toa HS2-Gi3i B— THAM.QUYEN PHO-DO CAC TCA-AN CAP NH). hau kbotg phar y klérg ciratiee cko ad bai lip, vi Gip o6 mét grb-phép mau Je (nbu sin BSI thworg tam thoi hay tite chén cit trorg cdc vu tai-nan lao-déng theo Nghi-¢ich 311.1044) keke vi ban-chdt vu tranh-tyng (vy dién-dia) hoke vi lint-cach phi-tung cia quyét-dinh (diy 250 Neghi-dinh 1910). Co Drang rp uptrede ludrg-cap 6: kis néuplap Ngcdi ra con cé Iy-do ding kB 1a gis-npach vu tranh-tung. Theo nguyén-the thi Tae-fn cfp-nhi cé quytn phiic-xte lai cdc vu do 1B ‘Toda Thugng-Thim. Ngodi vigc phic xét pin ot totn-th® cdc vy 43 xr & Toa So-Thim, Téa Thygog-Thim Iai duoc quyén phiic-xé nie trudng-hop khdc, ofir cic vige khdng-cdo 4n-vin cla Toda Thuosg-Mai hay Dac-Sy xi viéc thuong-mei, khing-céo 4r-lénh phé-don co tinh-céch trank-tung, cdc quyét-¢inh cia Thim-Phin cip-kim, Trim-Phin nbi-phS, ktarg-cdo cde bar-dn cla Téa So-Thim xir vic tao- ing tai cic noi chua chink-thie thigt-lép loa Lao-dgog. Tat ci cic ditm hing bién vé thim-quyén nai ra G Tea cép-nkat, di gid-trj tranh-nai lén nbd thé nto ching dugc phép khdng-c4o, Nhung Téa So-Thim hay Hés-Gili Réng-Quyén cling cd quyta phic-xir Wei voi tuecdch Tda-dn cip-nhi trong cée trudng-hop sau day ; — Che vite 3 xr tai Téa Lac-déng (thiét-lip theo 4:8u 249 BS Ivdt Lao- 6Gng) bj khing-céo, — Che vigc da xi tai Tda Hba-Gili (choc trong Dy sS 4 éuge kbéng- c4o theo gid-ngach. C— THAM-QUYEN QUAN-HAT. Tei Nam-Phin, theo digu 9 Ngbj-dioh 16-3-1910 thi « vé t6-quyén d6i-nhin va d6ng-sin, don phai nép & Phong Lyc-sy Toa-dn noi tris’ bj-don hoe noi tri-sd mt trong cée bidgn, néu cd nhidu ngudi ma mdi ogudi cuted mde toi khic Tai ‘Trung-Phin, Du 36 55 gay 2-3-1933 cing chip-nhan méc diab - lé he vay. Nguyén-tie * Actor sequitur forum rei duoc dem dp-duog cho ci cdc Tea Dice Thim Un Toda Therdng-Tung WW‘Tuy-nhiga, day chi 1a mbt djc-an cho bi-don; duvng-sir nly od thE khudc-tir sy hgu-d3i Jy ma bling long 48 Toa-do khic noi mah cu-ngu xét xi. ‘Va fais Iudt-phdp con 491 ra abide bigt-18 + 1} Vé che vy kign hanh-sir quyén déi-vat trén bit-dgng-sin, Toa-dn cé thim-quyén 1a Tda-dn noi toa-lac bit-dgng-sin twong-tranh (diéu 9 doan 3 Nghi-djnh 16-3-1910). a) Vé hOi-xd, trong abirag vy trach-tung gida cic héi-vién voi ohau, Sn-l¢ 4p- dung ditu 58 doan 5 Dio-sy Té-tyog Phép ahi thanh via ly-tinh, djoh ring Tda-n 6 thim-quyéa [8 Toa noi hoi duge thiét-lap. DSi voi 4g-tam-nban, biét-lg chi cb ich-lgi nu tw-nhan muda kién hdi ngodi noi oS teys® chink. Ao-I@ céag-nh3n thim-quyén cia Tda-da noi cé chi-nhinh, chi-diém (succursales, agences) cia bGi bi don. Noi my duge hitu nghia rong va cé tht bit cir a noi no hdi cé ngudi dgi-digan hyp-phap giao-dich voi khich hang. 3) ‘Trong hing vu tranh-chap gitta cic thira-ké, hode gira chit ng vd thirs-ké ho}e gia ohimng ugudi thy-di vi thirakE chinh-thire, diéu 9 Nehi-dinh 1910 king a@- cap @én via-dé, nbung & Nam, an-l theo gidi-prip cia BO Din-sy Té-Tyng Phip djnh Toa-da cd thim-quyén 1a Toa-ia noi khai-thée di-sin, Diu 20 BG Hé-sy Thyong- sy Té-tung Trung cing theo gidi-phap dy, Ditu 311 Dan-luat Bic va 309 Dan-lugt Trung lei a6i #3 ring di-sin khai phat noi tris sau cling ela ngudi qué 63. 4) V8 ohiing t8-quyéo Jiga-quan dén lugt bdo-ké, digu 3 Ludt 13.7.1930 bude pbhi dea bi-doa ra trade Téa 40 noi cu-trd cia ngubt durgc bio-hitm, Tuy nhién Twat cting dy-tigu hai ngoai-l¢ + — angy bio-ké b8a-hogn, bit cit vé aha cita bay éng-sia, thi phii kita & noi 6 ubiing ti-sin 46, = néu Ba blo-kE cic taingn khécy ngudi diag bio-ké 6 the kia i xay 5a tai-nan. D- GIGI-HAN CUA CAC DINH-LE VE THAM-QUYEN. & noi Nguyéo-tic A: Toa xir vé chdah-vu ob quyén xét cdc khdng-bign ‘Tuy abiéa, biden 6 th8 Hy cf luat cho phép Taa xét ca che phuong-chiroc khang” ahin co-h@i néu ra nhing itm khdng thugc thim-quyta cua Taim-phan thy-ly. Cho nén djah-Ig bhong duge chip-nhga mot cich tuyét-duL. 1) Truéc Tea thring-tung giai-phap cd-truyéa la tit ca plirong - chusc khing-biga duge néu leo, da liga-thagc déo quyén-hau cia cic Toa Djc-Thim, van phii a8 cho Thim-Phén thirsng-tyng xét lun. Cang thude thim-quyéa Toa-da thiong-tung di thy-ly mot dun chiah, néu WSra theo ig ‘hude tham-quyéa quan-bat mot ceach den xin phai xr so-thim ish-ciu vO dich, theo 1é bi- duoc xét cd mot Hin, bi ipren Nhung néu bj-doo néu Jéa khang-cao. sg nguyén-tac Toa xd vé chaoh. 9 qua co-quaa tii.phio hanh.chioh xt xy ditm a dis oy bi Bifom ne: yam ngong 42 Toa inh tr 42m thc thameqya Toaan Mink, tia H6 eung phi: Hinh hoan He: ia ‘a gis ia la Hy bude phi: dinh hoin vp ang 6 Ong B-Trotog Ngsa-Gae gasthich péu br-dua néy én khudc-bign lita quan 6ém mat Gigu-kbesa ch-cach chivhet:: tang Hiép-dinh quic-té, Trade Toa Déc-Tim : onbtphsp de dit hon ong vice ap-dung uguyén. tac ner treo, a) De: voi cit phuoag 1g, tbuge quyéa xét x cla Toa cung ban chit Gurge thiét-lip & ogi ikhdc. bv) Nbv cd mét bio vaa minh-th; pho-d& cho Toa thyong-tung din-sy thim- guyea cbuyéabiu thi Toa Déc-Thin din-sz hay céc co-quan tdi-phin trong qui- gai kbic kbing due Yea tharog-tung. 2 zim pam +n, bit-cit dudi hinh thie ogo, v4 phdi hoia xt @ shang et onks oh vanede tién-quyét. wan + he.-Ts nin <3 bhang-bita vues cat To. Tea thuon, : Tra xr vé chanh.vy co quyém xet ci: ‘co mat pham-vi ap-tung ahd hep hon tude cac tL— CAC TOA-AN PHONG-TUC THUONG BR thiamin Qoan-két Kinh-Thugog, Sie-Li 136 lai cas Toa-doPhong-Tyc Thuong t3i Cao-Nguyén Trung-Phan cé thim-quyén xét x vé din-sy, thuong- ‘sr cing obi vé hloh-sy trong shitag trudng-hyp ma tit cd cie Guong-tyng dtu 1b ngudi Thirgng. Tuy. ohiéa, theo ditu 2 dogn 2 cia Séc-iudt, néu ob Idi yeu clu cls cic duong-tung, vy tranh-chip sé duoc dwa ra xét ir trnéc Toa-dn quéc-gia 1) & chp dudi, cb Toa-dn phong.tye Xd, ma thiah-phin gdm ob Chi-Tich Uy- Ban Haoh-Chioh X3 fim Chinh-An va hai Phy-Thim ogudi Thuong do din cir. oe edp Qudn, cb Tea-in Therong-vy gdm cé Quéc-Trudng kiém Thim-Phin Hoa-Gili dm Chanh-An va hai Phy-Thim ngudi Thugng do din cir, ‘Toa-do phong-tue X4 xi so-thim hing vy tranh-tung ma gid nggch khong qus 5008. Toa-4n Thuong-vy Quan cé tham-quyéa = a) xi chung-thim nhing vy khing-céo cic phan-quyét so-thim vé daa-sy vi thuong sy cla céc Toa-da phong-tuc Xi thude dia-phin Quio. b) xi so-thim va chung-thim cic vy kiga vé dia-sy va thuong-sy mA gid ngech trén 500 va khéag qua 15008. ¢) xi so-thim voi quyéo kbéng-clo cde wy kin vé din-sy vi thuong- sy ma gid ngéch trén 15008 hofe khéng diah 15 Giuge [8 bao ohiy. a) Tai mdi Toa-da Quic-gia cip so-thim & Cao-Nguyéa Trung-Phin durge thigt-l3p mt Ban Thugng-Vy gdm cd mét Chinh-An Thugog vi hai Phy-Thim cing ngudi Thegng, Cic Phy-Thim do din ci ; cdn Chinh-Aa Thugng do cic Phy-Thim thiét-tho wi dy-khuyét ti cic Teain Thurong-vy Qua trong quin-het Tea-da ‘Tih hop Iai biu 1a. Ban Thuyog-Vy ‘Tinh 6 thim-quyta : a) xirchung-thim ning vy khéng-cio phdo-quyét so-thim cha cle Tas dn Thugng-vy Quan. b) xirso-thim tlt cd che vu kin khong thuje thin-quyta Tain phong- tye XE va Toa-in Thygng-va Quin. 3) Tei cAp thugngthim, mbi thi xét xt ohing vw kigo-tyng gitta ngudi Thwong, think-phin thudng if cia Téa Thugng-Thim sé gém chim hai Phy Thim Thugng do daa eb. Toa Thugng-Tham vir thinh-phio ody, cd quyén tr y mang ra xi f9i ohdng ve ma Tos eho rlag cic Toa Thugag-vy cip Quin vi cic Ban Thugug-vu Toa-da efp Tish 43 xir sai Bim, Dé 1 quyéa di-thim. ‘Thoi-hgn a2 hanb-sir quyéa oly 1 30 ngiy tron ke tir ogly min hen khéng-cho 468i voi nhimng 40 so-thim; cho 46i voi ohéng dn chung-thim, thdi-hga 30 ngay sé ke tir ngay tuyén do. Tea Thugng-Thim sé xét xir v@ hlob-thée clog oh v8 ngi-dung trong ¢bdi-hen 40 gly KB tir agiy abjo due bb-so. 7Cic vy tranb-chip vé hé giita nguoi Thuong va ngudi Kinh ciing ahy cic vy dn véhinh ob ogidi Kinh lita-hé, sé do Toa-dn quéc-gia céc cip chia thim-quyta ma xét xis, Trong trréng-byp niy think-phin cla Taa-in quécgia sf 12 thinh-phin thudng-le, gba thém hai Phy-Thim, mot Kinh m¢t Thuong. lL— THAM-QUYEN CUA CAC CO-QUAN TAI-PHAN HANH-CHANH. A.~ THAM.QUYEN CUA TOA-AN CAP-DUO'NG, Kn-dinh ché-d9 cip-duéng binh-si tan-phé cho céc quan-nhin Vitt-Nam va nhing ké-quyén cia ho, Dy 85 22 ngay 15.11.2952 thiét-Hp cic Toa-in Cép-Dudng @& xétexir cic vy tranh-tung xy ra do sy thi-hink Dy vita ke Tai quin-hgt mdi Toa Thirgyng-thim, o6 mot Toa So-Thim Cip-Duéng Phin va mot Toa Thugyng-Thim Cip-DuSng Phin. Toa So-Thim Cip-Duréng Phin thy-ly ahing don khing-ti cic quyé-djnh cia ©. Uy-Vien BG Cyu Chién-Bink thanh-toin tin clp-duéng hay bic b3 don xin ckp-duttng. Duong-sy cing ob th? khing-t6 nhimng quyét-djnh chung cia 0. Uy-Vien BO Cyu Chiéa-Binh va O. Uy-Vien Tal-Chanh tu-chioh ahtng quyét-djab néi & dozn tea ofa O. Uy-Vién Bo Cyu Chién-Binh. Toa Thugng-Thim Cip-Déng Phin thy-ly cle vy khing-clo dn ota Tba So- Thim Cip-Diréng Phin do durong-sy hay Uy-Viéa Chinh-Phi khing c5o. Cic an cla Toa Thugng-Thim Cip-Durdag Ph3n o6 tht bj thurgng-té len Tham Chinh-Viga vi virgt-quyéa, lam-quyt, o6 ti-tich v8 hioh-thirc hay vielust, B.— THAM.QUYEN CUA TOA-AN HANH.CHANH. Higa nay tai Vigt-Nam chi cé mét Toa-An Hanh-Chinh try-sér dit tat Saigon. Toa nly xir so-thien : a.— Céc vy kitn ddi bdi-thwong Uée-quan dén cic phép-nbin hinh-chinh, b= Céc vu kita xin déu-hiy cde quyét-djnh banh-chénh o6 tinh-céch cé-nbin Rén-quan dén tinh-trang hanh-chénh cia cic vitn-chitc b-nhigm do Nghj-dink cia Tong Uy-Vio, Uy-Vien, Dai-Bigu Chink-Phi va Tink-Trudng, c.— Cac vy tranh-tyng lién-quan dén moi cugc tuyén-clr hing Tinh, hang Quan, hang Xa. Toa-in Hinh-chanh xir sx vi chung-thim cdc vy liénequan dfa mol vin-dé thud trie-thau va thué déng-héa vol thué tryc-thiu. C.— THAM-QUYEN CUA THAM-CHINH-VIEN. Quin-hgt Tham-Chinb-Vign gim toln ed! WitteNam, Tery-ay dat tai Saigon.Co-quan niy g6m cé hai Ban: Ban Tai-Phdn va Ban Hanh-Ch4nh. Trong pham-vi bai ny, ehi cin dt-cép dén Ban Tai-Phin ma théi. Ban Tai-Phin c6 th3m-quyén ; am phic-th3m cdc ban-dn do Tda-én Hanh-chénh xtr so-thim. b.— xétexd cde vite xin phA cfc bin-4n do Toa-én Hanh-chioh hay ohérg Phip-dink 06 tanh cich banh-chénh xi chung-thim, G.— so-thim va chung-thim nhirng vy xin thi-tiéu céc quyét-dinh hanh- chinh, ci-nhin hay lip-qui, 6 rhiing ti-tich sau day : am-quyén, vé-thim-quyén, vie lugt, khong 06 ly-do hay cin-cir vao ly-do khéng x4c-thyc. d.— so-thim va chung-thim moi vy tranh-tyng Hén-quan dén tinh-trang hanh- chinh cia che céng-chire do Séc-nh hay Nghi-dinh cia Quéc-Truéng bB-nhiém ma khéng phin-bigt vu-kitn thuge t&-cung xin tiéu-hoy hay thuge S-tyng todn-£6 tai-phin, Tham-Chinh-Vign con xét-x nhiing logi tranh-tyng dic-bigt sau dy : 3.— Theo ditu 3z. 48 va 53 Dy 8 57/3 ngay 22-10-1956 qui dinh the-le hanh-nght Y-si, Nha-Si vi Hé-sinh va dtu co Lugt s6 1/58 ngay 10-1-1958 qui-dinh vite hanh-nght Duge-si, Ban Tai-Phin c6 thim-quyén xét-exk so vA chung-thim nhirng vy tranh-tung lién-quan dén cdc cuge biu-cir vio céc Hél-Ding toin-quéc Y-si edn, Nha-si-doan, Hé-sinh-doin va H6i-Péng Quéc-Gia Dirge-si-doan. a.— Theo ditu a5, 48 va 53 Dy £6 57/3 ngdy 22-10-1956 va diéu 83 Lugt 36 1/58, Ban Tai-Phén c6 thim-quytn xét-xtr_céc don khdng-cio cia Y-si, Nha:si, N& Hé-sinh va Durgo-si 461 vol cdc quyét-dinh cia H6l-Ddng-Dodn 44 tir chéi khong ghi tén dwong-sy vio danh-sich Doan, 3— Theo ditu 40, 48 va 53 Dy 83 57/3 va ditu roo lugt sé 1/58, Ban Ta-phin oS thim-quytn xét-xir cde don thiong-té cla cic Y-si, Nha-si, NO H6- sinh va Durge-si can-ctru 461 voi nhitng phin-nghi cia ban kj-lugt H6l-Ddng-Dodn, 4.— Theo di 73 Dy s$aa ngay 15-11-1952, Ban Tai-phén o6 thim-quyén xét xir tryc-tip ahting vy tranh-chSp xiy ra khi dp-dyng ditu 92 Dy néitrén, quy-d’nh thB-Ig Wng-quit v8 vite kiém-linh céc cXp-dirdéng vioh-vien hay tam-thdi, cle ting- khodn va trg-cip. * PHAN THU BA THO-TYC TO-TUNG TRUGC CAC CO-QUAN TAI-PHAN A— Thi-tye t6.tyng dan-sw gling thi-tye té-tyng Hanh. ehgnh & nhfrng ditm sau day: t= CAC VU TRANH-CHAP CO TINH-CACH DOI-TICH : Nguytn-t8e cho hai ogudi di kign d6i-tyng nhau 2 mot yéu-t6 an-toin cho ‘ho vA cing Lb mot ditu-kite khiln cho Toa bite 15 n§l-tinh. "Ng2.— CAC VU TRANH-CHAP DUOC CONG-DIEN. Diy 1a nguyén-tic céngekhai tranh-huin, Dioh-lé may cha-thiée khéng hong cho hal tung-nhan theo déi sy titn-trién vy kign cua chinh minh macdn oS myo-dich 4 du-luga kim-sodt. Sy céng-dién th?-hign bing nbitu cich : phlén Toa dure mé cho cong ching vio xem, da-vin duoc tyén deo ee mit moi ngwéi, cira phdag xe md song. Tuy nhién, nguyen-tic cong-dien cing ob trudng-hgp tiét-giim, khi luat vi ly- do dao-dirc khéng mudn co cuéc trapheluin céng-khai va bdo-chi ding-tii, thi-du cde vu ly-thin va ly-hén (diéu 72 va 95 jt 86 15/64 ngay 23-7-1964). 3.— CAC VU TRANH-TUNG DO THAM.PHAN BON-BCC. Nha lap-phsp Trung:Phin thira-nhfn quan-niém nly trong atu 72 dogn 1 BS HS.T.S.7.7. «Chanb-Thim phi dén-déc im thiriye vy kigns. Trong Nehij-dinh 1920 khong 06 ditu bhoin nao cé mt tim dp-dung khi-quit nh vay, nhung Churong 1 néi v2 don khéi-td, sau kht bude nguyén don nap cic gity t& chimg-minh quyéa-Ioi cia minh clog mét hic voi don kién (ditu 10), nha lp phap a2 quyén cho, Thim-Phén kitm-sodt ngay hé-so xem day di khong, néucin, truyéo Ym mol bdnrphin héu-ich 42 vy kign c6 thE dtra ra phitn Toa xét xi. Trong thirtyc hinh-chinh, Thim-Phin ra lénk théng-béo cic gily te thi-tyc cho duong-sy, djnh ky-hgn cho ho xuit-trinh biémminh, Iai ty-déng thi-hinh cdc hioh-vi thim.ciu cin-thiét ma khéng Sn phii 06 di thinh-clu cia cde duong-sy, tris trudnghep cb ditu lugt dich khic, Thim-Pham cling quyérdinh lic mio cudc thierctrn két-lidy va vy kitn 06 tht cho ding-Gudng xét-xir, Thim-Phia lei lap to tinh vi dirthio én-vin, 4— TUY-NHIEN, THAM-PHAN VAN PHAI G10’ THAIEO TRUNG- L4P CUA MOT NGUGI XU-B0AN, CHO’ KHONG CO QUYEN 7RUY-TAM RONG-RAI NHU' THAM-PHAN HINH-SU. Lujt chi muén Toa tim cach gidi-quyét mau chéng vy kign che khong cho phép thim- phin din-chirng hé mt bén. Mot 46i khi luat 42 Th3m-Phin kitm-sodt xem ngiivi xin din-chimng c6 diva ra sy-kita xic-djnh khéng va durgc quytn bic bd ; hodc gid bude mét bén phii th? 42 b3-tic chirng c& khéng diy di, nhieng 66 chi Ja phirong-sich gisp Tha xét-dinh a2 uy tim lay mgt xio-tin (conviction) tree khi phén-quy&. Trong c6ng vite truy-tim sy thét, chi oé céng-bing néu Téa cin-cr vio hinh-thire té-tung GA vach sin va cich din-chitng duryc lujt-phip minh-djnh. Tda khong th? vign-din 1f-do dya vio ohitng ditu hitu bit va chgn-xét cd-nhin vé vy ki¢n hog vio két-qua sy truy-tim lam ngod Ph4p-dinh va ving m3t durong-sy.B.— Nhirng thé. tue té- tung hinh-ehdanh khée thi-tue to- tung dan.su & digm sau day ; t— Thi-tus Hinh-Chinh gidn-di vi it iin kém hon thi-tuc trade ede Tda- an Din-sy. 2.— Thitue toe Tas Hanh-Chinh li thi-tue vid, Tir ci don khiitd, Sy-le biga-minh, khing-bign, trach-ludn cia déi bén duong-sy déu phi trinh-bay trén glay t& dé nap vio hé nhin-xét cilia cic dwong-sr & phién Toa chi la 42 gidl- thich them e: lo da ghi trén cic bién-minh-trang va khing-bién-luan ché khdng durge thém ly-do nio khic. Treée Toda Din sir, cing phai cé don khéi-t6, két-lugn-trang v.v... nhurng tha- tyc khéng han toln ‘4 viét Thinh-thoing Luitsu 6 tht xin bign-hd migng truéc Tos, ching han trong truéng hop cé mot déi-tranh phat ceng-khiu tra loi ogay d8iephurong 43 naira nhing tut ditm bit ngy. 3.— Thd-thire thong bdo Trong té-tyng hanh-chdnh, cic don khdetd, gidy ta thi-:yc, blga-minh-trang, khing-bign-luin duge théng-béo cho derong-sy theo tht-thirc hanh-chioh, nghia 14 do Sy trung-gian cia mét vien-chitc (thi du tiy-phdi, dng-tho-vin) hay cia aha chie-trich hanh-chénh (Tinh-trerang, Quin-trirbng, H6i-ng-x8 v v...) Trong té-tung dan-sy chi cé trit ddi hu Toa va béo-th} in-vin méi phi téng-dat, Cé nhitu céch t6ng-dat a/ ho¥c bing tho bio-dim cé hdi-bso (trong cdc vy tranh-chip lae-dOng: dity 261 BO lust Lao-déng; trong céc vu xik tal Tda Nha Phd; ditu 30 Dy sb 4 aghy 2-4-1953) : bf hogc giao cho chire-dich hwong-thén (diéu 26 BO H'S.T.S.T.T. néi dén ly- truéng, ditu 252, 256 Nghj-djnh ngay 16-3-1910 néi dén huong-hdo, nhing theo t8- che hinh-chinh ‘x3 hign nay thi chi cé mét minh Uy-Vien Canh-Sét va An-Ninh Xa dim.trich vite nly). cf hofe giao cho cic Thira-phit-Igi, Theo ditu 18 Nghj-djnh s6 111 ngiy 4-2-1950, cdc cOngelal nly khéng th? Lim cdng vite Iye-téng hay thi-hinh vite gi tire 5 gid sing va sau 7 gid chigu, ho cing khong the lam cong vigc trén trong ahing ngay JE byp-phip, trir cic vite thugc vé binh-sy. Nhung bit-lugn vé vigc nto va bit cis G61 véi duong sy ndo, néu cé Thim-Phin cho phép thi of thé duge mién khéng phil tuan theo cic ditu-lIé trén. 1— THU-TYUC DAN-SY THUONG, KHONG CO BOI-TRANH. A.— KHOLKIGN 1) BON RHGI-TO ‘Mot vy tranh-tung bao git’ cing durge phit dong bing mét don khdi-ts. Nguyen. don phii viét don dé 15 tén tudi, nghe-nghi¢p, sinh-quin, trd-quin, tha vé chuyéa gi, duyén-cé thé nio, thinb-clu ra sao, k¥ tén ho dia-chi cita bj-don (ditu 14 HLS.T. S.T.T, va ditu 6 Nghj-dioh 1950). ' Phil dink theo don cle gidy te lién-quan dén vy kign 42 chimng-mioh Idi thinh-clu. t2tGily ty sé nap tai Phong Lue-sy Tda-An cé thim-quyén. Luc-sy s® ghi-cha ngly thang thiu don: dé Id nghy chinh-thic khdit8, Duong su phai ding mot sé tien dy-phi thy thes vu én nhé. Duwong-sy duoc mién déng titn may néu duge huwdng tu-phap bio-tey. 2) PHUO'NG-SACH BAO-THU Tir ngiy kh3i-td, mu3n tran sy phan-tdn tai-san cla bj-don, lugt t8-tung cho phép nguyén-don xin nhitng phirong-sich bio-thi d bdo-dim vite thi-hanh phir- quyét sau nay néu durge thing kign. a/ Tai ahing noi 4p-dung ché-d§ tn ditn-thd, nguyén-don c6 th? xin mét ine lenh phé-don 4? ghi-cha don kign vio sb dién-thd va bing-khodng dién th3 thuge bit- dgng-s4a cha bj-don. Thi-tuc nay goi IA tién-cha (prénota lon) durge dy-léu trong diéu 398 Sdclénh 22-7-1925. Sr tién-chti cb higu-lie Lam bt dgng-sin tr think bit-khi dung vi IA cic viée chuy@n-dich quyéa déi-vit thanh vé-bigu d6i voi nzuyén-don. Néu don kign bj bic, nguyén-don cé th? bj xir phat bdl-thuong thigt hai cho bi- don sé-hiru-chi. b/ Tai Trung-Phin, theo ditu 52, 71 H,S.T.S.T.T., cS th? tich-bién bdo-thi dong-san hay bit-déng-sin cia bén nguyén hay bén bj d? dam-bio don khéi-t8 va don phan-td. cf Tai Nam-Phin, theo ditu 167 Nghi-djnh rgto, trélchd mgt mén ag thanh.xdc va khi-sich 6 th? xin mét 4n-lénh ban cdc bign-phip bio-thi. LA mét sy tich-bita tam ahung 4n-l@ chi chip-nhin sai-4p bio-toan déng-sin m4 thél. Phwong-s4ch cé th? 14 mét sy cung-thdc, nhung nhitu Thim-Phin thin-trong thedng bujc dura ndi-vu ra trréc Toda Khin-cip dé cé dip nghe bi-don bién minh. 3) HOA-GIAI Lujt Nam-Phin cb dy-litu thi-ty: thi ditu-gidi hai bia, nhuag vig> hbaegidl khOng 5 tinh-cich bit budc. Durong-syr ob thE nh’ thing Qugn-Trrdng hay Chi Uy-Ban Hinh-Chinh X4 thir din xép hay 42 Toa-a tay-ngni (die 3 va 4 Nghi-dioh 1910), Tal cic noi cé Téa Hoa-giai, cS-nhién cic Thia-Phin Haa-gidi o6 quyén dan xép cho duong-sy, Lujt Trung-Phin kj-vong nbitu hon vio thi-tuc hda-glil trade Tda khi n6i- vy chia ding-dwong xét-xir va qui-djnh vie nly trong tron Tiée V, Churong 3. Nguyén- tic 1a bat cir vé vide gi, Thim-Phin Hoa-giai phil thir hoa-gidi hai bén, trir ra khi ndo Iugt dinh mién hda-gidi thi khéng kt. Blén-bin hda-gidi do Tda-dn am cé gid-te] i giao wéc cla hai bén. 4) TRAT DOL Hoa-gidi khong xong, hd-sx 43 diy 45, gidy t& v6 sd rl, chi cba mgt vite 1a 854 gidy doi hai ben oguyén bj ra Toa dé nghe xir kign, (22B.— TOA xu" 1) XUAT.TICH Lugtsu: dirge lugt-phdp cho phép dgi-dign than-chi truéc Toa. Nhung ligt khOng bit buge dong sy phi nhd dén Ludesu. Duong-sy ob tht up minh ra Toa ty bénb-vye Ly quytn-lei hoje chiéu digu 36 Nghi-dinh ngiy 16-3-1910 dugc cha mg, con cél, anh em, vo hay chdng thay mit bing mst t& dy quyén hgp-lé. i Mot trirdng-hyp dgc-bige : con cai kite cha me Ditu 13 Nghj-djah rg10 day phai d? Truéng.Toec ditng ra hanh-sir t3 quyén ; nfu khSag ¢5 Truyn3-To2 hoje ngwdi nay tir chéi, Cong-td-vign sé ding chich-don theo lvi yéu-ciu cia dirgng-sy. 2) TRANH.NGH] Néu cic duong-syr dich.than xuit-tich hay cb dai-diga hyp-phip, vige lm tree nhit 1 kitm-sodt cin curéc cla dvong-sy hay gidy dy-quyéa cba ngidi dai-dign. ‘Luat day Toa phai thim-vin ngay cic dirong-sy. Narng durong-sy' c6 the trinh Toa céc loi két-lugn viét. Ldi khai cia hai dang durgc ghi vao cuSn s8 bit-ky cha Ly>-sy. Néu durong-sy cd Lugt-sur thay mit, vite kitm-sodt cia-curés hay gidy dy-quyéa khong thanh vin-d? va cufc tranhluga tre Toa rit lai chi 1a m6! cuge trao dBi ly.dodn aia Lugtsu. YViech{ ca nha lam lugt la Toa phii xir ngay (ditu 43 Nghi-din' 1910, ditu 78 -HS.T.S.T.T.). Vigc 44 Ga 12 xc di thi khong th? dinh-hojn va lujt coi ahy 6 tht xir duge khi dwongsy 43 ra truéc Toa, Cho nén néu sau dS 6 dwong-sy ménh mét, vigc ddithira-ké dy-sy st khong cin-thiét (ditu ag, 25 Nghi- jah 1910, ditu 72, 75 HS.TS..T.T.). 3) THU-TUC KHUYET-TICH. a) Chi cé nguyén-don vang mat: © Nam, Toa fén in kauyét-tich va bude nguyéa-don phii chju én-phi. An-vin sé duoc Lyc-sy béo-thi cho duvong-sy néi trong 48 giv. Nguyén-don cb quyéa khingt5 trong han 30 ngay tron Kk? tir ngay nhan duge gly bio ; qui han, y chi cdn cb cich khing-cio lén Toa Thugng-Thim néu vu kign qué gid-ngach chung-th3m. Lug: Trung git-gio hyn. Taz) diéu 95 BS HS,T.S.T.T. khong nairng Toa 635i bo vy kign mi cdn pajt vi-cka nguyta-dea va c5 th? bit y bdl-thurdng cho bj don 43 tn cong xuStetich vé-ich (dieu 98), Lugt Trung cbn d&-chp dén trurdng-hgp cS nhitu nguyén don mi chi cS mot s3 xuft-tich cng vél bl-do : Toa cS th? tich roi nol-vy ra dt xét vé phan cic ngu dl cé mit va hinh-déag ahi trén d6i vol nguyén-don khuyéttich. by C& nguyéa-don lin bi-don déu vang mat; Truvag-hyp nay, luat Trung (itu 95 dogn chét) va Nam (diéu 54) 5 mot gidi-phip ddng-nbit 1h x6a bd vu kign. : 23ce) Chi e6 bi-don vang mat : Diu 59 Nghj-dinh 1910 néi: khuyétich dirgc tuyén ngay hic vy kién duge goi ra va nhitng digu thinh-ciu trong doa khéi-t6 sf dugc chép-nhin néu 6 da cin-cor, Ditu gq H.S.T.S.T.T. cing néi trong-te vi con thém ring néu trong lei nguyén-don cé xin digu gi quieding hay khéng hgp-[é thi bac di. Néu trong cdc bi-doa chi c6 mét s6 ving mit, Toa sé lam m}t baa dn khuyét- tich hyp-t8 xie-nhan sy ving mit cia bi-don khéng xuit-tich va truyén cho d>i bi trong mdt phién xir sau; lin nly avu tdikhigm bin an sé k& nhu dwong tich doi voi tit ca cic durong-st. 4) KET-AN. Muc-dich ty-nbign eda mét thd tus trayteturg la di dén tuyin-phin mgt ban an két-thic, Nhung cd khi vu an lai chung-man bing mot gidi-phap-khic, azuyéa- bii-nai lc bn nita chirng; ho{c bj-dom thudn-tuin v5-didu don khdi-t8; hoje hai bén thés-hig> mban-nr yng ln nhau @? ditu-dinh m3i béa Chiu thigt mét chit; hay néu chira cd aili-phdp ngay thi xin Toa di-ly ndi-vy d? ohd mde ngwoi trong-tai phan xir, Vy dn cing két-liéu khong én-van niu nguyén-don vi vi-tinh bay hiu-y d? vy kign thank ra thét-higu (péremption) hojc bi tigu-digt bing thdi-gian (prescription) - ‘Theo Ditu 77 H.S.T.S\T.T. nfu nguyén-den xin hoje hai bén thu’ hoin ma dé qué 18 thing, t8-quyén bi coi nh trrec-tiéu. Toa phii ty truyin xéa bé vy kien Nghj-djnh 1910 aSi rS hon: sy thi--higu dug thi-dic atu agayta-dza bit-dong trong 6 thing k2 tir ngay ¢5 hinh-vi th3-ty> caSi ciiaz (4i8u 29). Bi-492 oii xin ché khong duong-nhién durgc hung. Toda cé quyéa xem sy bé-tre cia nyuzin- don of dang trich.cir hay khéng, va ditm nai ra cd ding duys chip-n'via bry kiiaz. Nguyéa-don khéng th? ti-khiéu bing m@t don khdi-td mai (4i8u 31). ul. — THU.TUC DAN SU THUONG, CO DO1-TRANH Déi-tranh theo nghia rong, chi-diah moi ahié dogn sy tién budéc dtu dan cia vu tranh-tyng. Nhitng déi-tranh thi tyuccé th? Kién-quaa din ; — Chiu-vi dja-hat tranh-og{, am thay dBi cus-ditn gitra cic duryaz-sy sau kat hOi-t6 (don phan td; don xin dy-sy v.v. .); symyiis ody rian giao — Thinh-phin Tda-in (di giao vi ly-do higm-ngal cain’ ding, b3:-ty hol: cio. ty Vive) F — Tw-cish tyag-nhla ‘kar’. 3a agoql-kidu da qa?) 5 124— Thi-tye bit hyp.thirc (khurée-bitn digntri, khude-bitn thing-tel hi-so, cdc khurde-bién vb vO-hits ne . as : Ngoai ra cba oS hing déi-teanh xiy a lic Tda-dn th é 6 : ° a ely dang & trong thé! ky ctru-xét va thim-vin ; 46 Ia cde G6i-tranh v2 bang-chéng. 1) DICH-THAN TRINH DIEN _ Mot trong nhitng phuong-phip din-chirag giia-dj va hitu-nghi¢m nhirt ob 18 1a goi wong-sy dich-thaa trinh-diga a Taa tryrcetiép cft-vin ve tlah-ly vy kien. Chi cin ghi leah vao bit-ky cha Luc-sy cho khéng phii lén 40. Drong-oy sf duge Phong Lyc-ay dt gidy gol. Téi ngty trinh-dién, hai bén durgc th3m-vin cdng- Khai, m§t bién-bin lam ngay 0b chit ky cia duwong-sy, Chénh-thim va Lyc-sy. Nguyen- ban s€ dinh ngay vio hS-s0, 2) THAN-DAO TRUONG-SO Nhitu khi Th3m-phin xir-dodn cin dugc« dich-myc s&-thj », toi tin nol xem xét, nhit [a trong cic vy kign ve bit-d6ng-sin, cin phii quan-sit tong chung, théng-hanh dia-dich hay dich-quyén vong-cinh. Hai bén nguyén bj durgc goi dén truryng-si vio ngiy thing do Tda-in djob va durge ghi vio biit-ky. Mét bién-bin durgc thiét-lap cd du chi ky cla Tda-dn va dwong-sy dy klén. Sy higa-dign cia Céng-t-Vign khéng cin thiét. 3) GIAM-DINH Day 1 mét phwong-phip thim-ciru kY-ludng rit thong-dung. Toa muén duge chuyén-gia gldp y-kitn trong vy kign nén tuy2n-in tién-thim teayén mé cuge glim-djnh. Phin-quy%t phii ghi ré dSistugng va cic ditu cin giam- xét, thoi-han phil lam td trinh. Theo thudng-lé, cir mit Giim-djah-vitn 1a dé ; n'urag trong cic vide khS khin, Toa 06 tht, vol sy théa-thuin cha bal ding, chi-djoh Ban Giimedinb-vien. Theo nguyén-tic, j-kiéa cia Giim-djnh-vien khéng bao gid bé buge Toa-in (ditu 31 Nghj-djnh 1910 va 194 H.S. T. S. T. T.) Trude khi phin-xé vé ngi-dung, Toa cé th? héi tai Giim-djnh-vita_nhu mot nhin-chirng, yéu-clu gidi-thich thém, hofc sau thi nghe hai Ging két-lujn ve két qui chuyén-mén, mé mét cuge phin-giim-dinh dé lim sing t6 them vy kign. 4) KHAO-TRA HO-SO Diy a mét thi-tyc cho phép Toa-dn doi hoi mol gidy ti nguyéa-bin thute Jogi cong-chinh chirng-thir Inu-trt tl cle cong 8%, vn-phdag oda3-lai (churzag-kht, Iyo-sy) ho%e cho phép 4urrng-sy xin voi Tda thy-ly truy3acip m}: telch-sio cls thi- gu trea trong ahifog vu m) chia ho kadng tham-dy. Vig> tra-citu hd-sy hiohsy (du atr HS, TS, T. T. va didu 163 Nghf-djoh 1gro) 1A triryng-hop thu dng gip. 125Phai cé mgt bin-in tién-thim, do don xin cia nguyén hay bj-don hay do Ienh ty-dong cia Toa. Néu 1a mét vu hin di duoc dinh-ciru tai Phong Biga-Ly hoj: ki-thd: biaz mét dn-lgnh mién-té, vige khdo-tra ho-so chi oS th? thy2-hiéa néu Ong Churéng-Ly Toa Thugng-Thim cho phép. 5) PHAT-THE Luat té-tung phin-bi@t hai Idi thé-thde khd: nhau : — Phat-thé quyét 1g, 06 higu-'yc quyét-dinh két-qui vy kign, vi thigu bang- chieng nén bén no thich bén kia thé. Niu th? ri, Thim-Phin khéag cdn quyén nghi- hoe sy thyc-tim cha nguwaéi da thé, — Phit-the bdtro 1a mgt thé-thirc gidp Thim-Phin quyét-djnh nfu xét cia phil tiag-curyng xic-tin bing loi thé cla dwong-sy xem ra cS vé thinh-tim. Diku 8g H S.TS.T.T. dy-liga tewdag hyp phi thi, qui-chl!u vio B3 Dia-lutt Trung ; BO Lu}: niy trong cic dit 1669, 1677 47 min thi cing-nhaa cS hal 16 phét-thé nhur tréa. Ve cich-thire thé, Iugt Zo-dinh mot cich tag -qudt phi 1am theo nghi-lé thudc tSn-giio nguwdi p'it-thé (ditu 1677 D.L.T. va diéu 45 Nghi-dinb 1910). Nguoi Vig-Nan 4a di th? thi thirdag ratrudc dinh, chia, dén, mizu thitng- Heng, vin cS gh lly miu hda vél nde mi udng, sau khi doc IM the dugc ghi sin trong bin 4n tién-thim 6) DIEU-TRA Theo tugt t3-tuag Vigt-Nam, Toa c5 th? truyén md cude ditu-tra dia-sy trong tit ci moi vy kign. Néu c6 don xin di@u-tra, Toa 6 xétxem nhitng ditu nai a, néu chtrng-minh durgc, o6 dem igi inh sing 4? gidi-quyét ndi-vy hay khdng, hing ly-do vign din 42 chip nhan hay bic bd don xin ditu-tra phi dwyc ghi troag bin 4n (ditu 64 Ngh'- dink 1910, 159 H.S.T.S.T.T.) Toa cé tron quyén djnh-4ogt cho mé cudc ditu-tra hay Kkhdng va st bic bé nu xé: don xin vd-{c, chi cS myc-dich kéo dil vu kita. Co hai th8-thirs digu-tra, hoje trong Phong Thim-nghj hojc ngay tgi Phién Taa. Truc Toa thi Chénh-Thim hot ly nhan-chirng nhung ti Phong Thini-nghi, da-vin thigng chi-dinh mot v| Thim-Phda thira-iy, Lujt Trung oda dy-l gu trirgng-hyp Toa dy-nhigm cro Téa hay Thim-Phdn & quin-hat khichél thay, k13ng c5 mit durgng-sy Nguyén don xin ditutra rdi, saa dd bj-don cd quyén xin phin digu-trad? dem igi phin-chirng, chirng-minh ring cdc sy- Hin do nguyén-don 43 néu ra li thit-thigt. Ditu-tra a mot thi-ty: edt ofng np-thirs sy bit tén-tryag cS th? gay ohiragz vé-higu vé thi-tyc. 126Nahi-dinh 163-1910 chi vén-ven ob mOt cau « ob th8 xét vé vé-higu ditu-tra cing m§« lic vi ni-dung vy kign » (6idu 77). BO Lust Té-Tyng Trung-Phin git im Ting vé vin-dé niy. 7) KIBM*TRA TU'*DANG Mét tu-thw chimng-hur c6 th bj phé-nhan, Ngudi cim gidy, trong khi vy kiga 4uong tién-hanh, xin Toa kitm-tra vi tuyén-nhan lb chin-that. Hai B6 Luat Té-Tyng Vigt-Nam déu qui-tinh vin-d? gin nhu ohau (ditu 93, 99 Nghi-dinh 1910, ditu 195, 203 BS H.S.T.S.T.T.). Thudng-l¢ thi Toa cir Giém-dinh-vien. Cé mot ditu dic-bigt 1a lust Trung bude pril cb di ba ngudi 4? xt ty-ding. An ‘ito-thim cho phép kitm-tra ty-dang truyén kj-thic tai Phong Luc-sy biit- Tuc bj tranh-nai, sau khi Chdnh-Thim, Lyc-sy vi hai durong-sy ky tén trén 66 a khdi cb sy thay dB, Padi c6 mot bién-bin mé-t3 vin-kign bj nghi-ngd dB tru vio hB-so- Noi trong 15 ngay (theo Luat Nam) hay 20 ngay (theo Lugt Trung) hai bén phi nap trinh céc vin-kitn ding 4 d8i-chiéu. Néu cd sy bit-ddng j-kign vé nhitng but-lyc dem so-sinh thi Gidm djnh-vien chi duge cin-ct vio chimng-thu céng-chinh hay tw-phdp hay chimng-thu tw-nhin dugc xécanhjn, Gidm-djnh-vien 6 th? buge duong-sy viet mot vai hing chi hay ky tén dem ding 42 so-sinh. : Trong trudng-hop Giim dinh-vien két-lujn va dugc Toa tin la ding ty- dang cia ngwdi 63 ch6i, ngwdi ny s@ bj xi phgt-va dan-sy va Ebi-thirdng thigt-hai cho dBi-phiong. 8) GIA-MAO PHY-DOI DAN-SU © day, vin-shw bj tranh-ngi 1A mét cong-chinh ching-ther, Khéi su, mgudi tranb-naicé b3n-phan cft-vin déi-phwong xem c6 chn mubn xir-dyng vin-thu fy hay khong (itu 102 Nghi-djoh rgr0, 204 H.S.T.S.T.T). Néu d8i-phuong xin rit gly ty va, Toa sé bé qua. Tha cling st bé qua néu xét vitc gll-mgo néu ra khéng ob lj-do tin-chy. Néx 48i-phuong nhit-quyé ding tii-ligu bj di-nghj, Chénh-th3m sé hidu-th] cho ngudi mudn @ing-cio gli-m0 v8 nhitng khé khin, tréch-nhigm va hju-qui cia hanh-dong cia y. Néu y git nguyén ¥-djnh, Toa s€ cho phép nap don thira ve gii-mzo tai phiéa xir hinh sy d? chuy2a qua Bign-ly-cugc (theo Lugt Nam) hay cho mgt thol- gian 2 quyét-djah 42 tha (theo Lujt Trung). Toa sé dinh n6i-vy 43 dgi kt qué don thea vé mgt hinh. Néu sau 46, nguyén-don nghi Iai khong hinh-dgng nia tht Tda sé bd qua d2 xét lutn ve ngl- dung, vy 4éi-tranh kE abu chim ditt. Thi dy Tas Hinh 42 thy-ly v2 £2: thdz. Vu tramhechdp dan-sy Ia! ted ra Toaedn HO. Quyét-djnh cia co-quan tii-phin hinh-sy bé bude Toda din-sy. Téa nly hoje bic don ding-cho ho3e gat ta ngoai hé-so vin-kign gid-mao, tdy theo két-qui vu hinh, 427Ca hai BO Lugt Té-Tyng dtu day nguyén-cdo ding-cio thit-kitn phai phat- va dan-sy v3 b8i-thudng thigt-hal cho 46L-phuong, cling ahr trudng-hop kitm-tra tydeng. IN.- THU-TYC DAN-SY DAC-BIET t— THU.TUC TRUGC TOA XU VE LY-THAN VA LY-HON. a) Bon khéi-t6. Khi nhin don, Thim-Phin sé nghe nguyén-don trinh-bay va sé khuyén-céo ngudi nly ; néu vé-higu-qua, méi ky dn-lénh duéi don, An-dioh ngay giv cho 481 vg ching dén hda-gidi; ngay trong 4n-lénh, Thim-Phén 6 thé cho nguyén-don ra & ritng, néu cd ly do Aac-bigt. Trat dai s€ do Thira-phit-lai téng-dgt cho bi-don cing voi bin sao dom khéi- t8 3 ng’y tron irude ngiy hdagiii. chura &2 sw giating thdi-han vi durong xa, Trét doi khong dung thi-tuc may s€ vé-higu. b) Hda-giai. Dén ngiy hdc-gili, néu nguyén-don ving mit, Thim-Phin st cho ddi li ; néu ving mit nda thi don kiga sé bi béi bé, sau dS mét nim méi cé th? ngp lai don khic. Néu bj-don ving mt hay néu hda-gidi bit thinh, Toa sé truy¥n cho bda-gidi mot Hin thir ohi, céch 3 thing sau. Néu bj-don cuw-ngy & quin-hgt Tda-dn khéc, Thim-Phién cO sh? dy-quyén cho Chénh-An Tda-én fy titp-nhin Ii khai aia bi-don. Néu hai ln hoa-gidi bat thanh, Thim-Phdn ra dn-lnh cho phép nguyta-don tigp-tye tha-tye truéc Tda-4n. Trong 4n-lénhy Thim-Phin oS th? quyét-dinh v8 noi tam tri cla hai vg chong tongs thoi ky kign thia, v2 vide giao hoan quin fo, dd dang Hléng cia mai ngudi, ve vite tam gid con vi quytn thim viéag cia vy ching va vé ttn cip-dutng ». An-lgnh 6 thé bj khéng-cio trong hgn 8 ngly tron nhung dwong-nhién durge thi-hanh tam. ‘Moi bitn-phap tam thdi dy-djnh trong 4n-lénh ob thé do Toa sito dBi hay bo tde trong théi-ky thi-tuc tién hanh. Negay tir hic c6 dn-I¢ah Gu tea, vo bay ching d@u cS quytn xin thi-hanh mo; bitn-Phip bio-thi 48 bio-dim quytn-Igi, abit 14 xin niém-phong tiisin chung. Thim-phin sé ra 4n I¢ah cho phép niém-phong, ngoai trix quyén phan-khing cua bj- don bing thi-tuc cip-thim. Vite nlém-phong sé giao cho Thim-Phin Hoa-Gili phy-trich. Ngwai vo da khéng & ché.d9 cOng-ddng thi-sin cing cb quyén xin niém-phong nh trén, 461 voi ohifng tii-sin do ngudi chdng hwéng-thy hay quin-tr]. Vo hay ch8ng dtu cé quytn xin bd nigm-phong a2 lip bing ké-khal va trj-gid cdc thiain ; 128sau 46 thi-sin s€ giao cho ngirdl phdi-nglu hién chip-hitu dugc coi gi, trir phi Thim- Phin dinh khic. a — e) T6 quyén va thi-tue truée Téa, ___ Té-quyén ly-hén bj titu-hay néu ve chong tiiehop sau ngiy dug phép & ring. Tuy nhién vin o6 th? kign lal niu cd nhiing nguyén-nhan khéc xay ra tir khi tai-chop va trong thit-ye moi nguyén-don vin cé th? nai ra nhimng nguyén-nhan ca. Té-quyén ly-hon cing bi tiguehy néu vo hay ching ménh-mét triréc khi dn- vn ly-hén thanh nhat dinh. Nén ehi thém rang trii v6i nguyén-tic thudng Ia, bit ci hic no nguyén-don cling cé thé xin ddidon ly-hén ra don ly-thin. Bj-don cé th phant8 xin ly-hén bing ly-dodn nap truée Toa. Luft cm béo-cht khéng durge tong thuat cfc vy ly-hdn mi chi duge ding tin vb két qua cic vu dy. Néu trit ddi bén bi khong durge téngedgt dén dich-thin cho ngwoi oly, Toa 6 th? truyén cho céng bS ban trét vao 3 1% nhit-bso xuit-bin & noi Toda toa-vi hay & nol cu-ngy cuéi cing cia dwong nhin. Truéc khi Toa xét xir v8 mbt thisye phy-déi hay v8 ndl-dung vu ly-hén, h8-so phii dire théng-tri cho Céng-t-vién a2 cho biét y-kién. Néu ohisng sw-kién vign-din lm cin-cir cho don ly-hén bj phi-nhan, Toa st m& cuge ditu-tra, Gianhan va thin-thuée cia mdi ben, trir con cdi, déu cé thE goi ra Lam chirng. : d) An ly-hén, Ao ly-hén sau khi thinh nhit-dinh s& phai chuytn-ta vio sS hétich & noi hén-lé 43 cir-hanh, theo loi yéu-clu cha Céng-té-vign ; dn-vin ciing s@ duge ghi- cha vao bén Re gidy gid-tha v3 gidy khai-sanh cia hai dvong-sir. An ty-h6n c6 hdi-titn higu-lyc gitta hai vo chong vé tai-sin cia ho ke tir ngay khoi-td, nhirag 661 véi dg-tam-nhin, sé chi 06 higu-luc ke tir ngdy chuyta.ca, An ly-hén sé phil céng-bd vio mat th bio xuit-bin & noi Tba-dn to-vj hoge noi gin nhit. An ly-hén khuyét-tich o6 th® bj khdng trong han r thing néu di téng-dat dich thin cho ngurdi phéi-ngdu bj xir khuyét-tich ; néu khong, thdi-han khing-in s& 6 thang ke tir ngay 4n-vin thanh nhit-dinh (4iéu 83 Sic-Luit s6 15/64 ngay 23-7-1964). Don phin-t6 cb tht ndp Ma dau tre Toa Thirgng-Thim. Sy thurgng-t8 sé c6 higu-lyve dinh.chi. 2.— THU-TUC TRUOC TOA CAP-THAM Vi tinh-cich efp-bich, thi.tyc xir cSp-thim rit giin-dj va mau chéng. Don phi dua ra phiéa Toa riéng ; agua vite thirong-khin, Thim-Phin ob thé xét bit-cir Tic no, ngay tal tu-dinh (dita 246, 247 Nghj-dinh 910). 129hanh trén nguyén-ban, méi thi-h3nh shu 46i énh 43 thi-hanh, xong 181 phii dem treba vi dgi cfp to'm 79 nguyén-cio dn: mi hoin vé Phony Lyc-ste a dira di trues Bj-don vy khin-cip cb thé xixitetich hay khéng, cfing chi oS més phiryng sich t8-riu Ki khing-cio fén Taa Thnrong-Thiim. Thyiion thing eto Tro ngiy irda ko fir nip Lycosw tSncedat net Nén ghi ring thi-tuc cXp-thim chi dec qui-dinh. nhimng rit so-hroe, trong Nghj-dinh 16-3-1910. Tai Trung-Phin cé 1 adi séng binh-thin nin nh) bién-tap BO Hé-sy Thongs Té-tung thay khéng cin-thiét phii gidi-quyét vin-dé niy. Dy sd A ngiy 18-10-1949 khéng b3-khuyét sir thiéu x6: ay. Triréc nbu-clu cip-bich hing ngiy, in 1 Trung-Phin ph3i quyén-bién, ty cho cS thim-quyén d2 xét-nir kh3n-cip. 3.— THU.TUC TRUG'C TOA NHA PHO © diy, trit doi duoc thay bing tho bao-dim 06 hdi-bio goi 15 hom truée nghy xir. Ra truce Thim-Phin, bit bude phii cé mot cud: hda-giai; niu bit-thanh thi Hip bién-bin c6 vin-thire chip-hinh; néu khong thinh méi xé!-xt durgc. Phin.quyét duge tuyén trong Phang Thim-nghj va duge goi la quyét-djah. Néu la mot quyét-dinh khuyét-tich thi phii tng-dgt bang tho bio-@im néi trong 5 ngay (thay vi zo ngay theo thytng Init); bi-don cé thi-han 15 ngay KE tir ngiy ohin durge gidy béo-thj d8 khing-t6, Néu [a dn-lénh dicong-tich, drong-sy c6 thivi-han 20 ngay d? khéng-cio. N6i vy sé chuyén lén Toa Thuong-Thim phic xi lai. 4— THO-TUC TRUGC TOA DIEN.DIA Ve thi-tuc triréc Toa ny, sy tin-méc cic bin via va y-kién da chi-truong giy nbitu khé khan cho co-quan ti-phin cé nhiém-vu gidi-thich. Truée hét diéu 24 Dy sé 20 ngiy 8-1-1955 sira 631 Dy sé 20 ngay 4-6-1953 Snedjnh qui-ché ti-ditn, cb dn-dinh nhw sau « Truéc khi khdi-td vite xung d6t hay tranh-chfp, phai duge Uy-Ban Néng-Vu Tinh hds-gidi truréc ». Nhung Sic-Lénh sé 358-DT/CCDD ngiy 5-12-1958 Jai them ring ‘Trong moi vy traoh-chip vé ditn-dja, néu tai noi nto khéng cé Uy-Ban Nong-Vu XA hay Uy- Ban Néng-Vy Tong hay vi mét ly do gi mi cic Uy-Ban Nong-Vy nay khong xét don cia dwong-nhin 4 cho y-kién hay khong hoa-gidi thi sau thdi-han ro ngay ke ter ngiy nap don tai Uy-Ban Néng-Vy s&-quan, duwong-don cb quyén khoitS thing truéc Tda-dn Ditn-dja. Trong cic vu tranh-tyng nay, ti-ditn durong-nbién durge hiréng tu-phip bio-tr¢ », Diku rr va 12 Sfe-lénh sb 498-DT/CCDD ngay 27-11-1957 thiét-lap Toa-dn Disn-Dja, dinh ring Toa nay sé dp-dyng mjt thi-tuc twong-ty nhe thie cia cfe Tearén cip so-thim. M&l vy tranb-tyng tai Tda-dn nay duoc mién tung-Ie va dn-phi. 130Néu khéng cé ly-do gi dich-ding thi trong théi-han go ngay ke tir ngay dong sy d@ don tai Toa Ditn-Dja sé-quan, vu in phii duge xét xu. Che 4n-vin ita Toa-An Din-Dja phai dirge coi la chung-quyét. Tuy ohién, muén 6 higu-lyc chip-hanh, cic 4n-vin dé phai duge Hgi-D&ng Cii-Cich Ditn-Dia thanh-lgp do Sac-Igah sd 74 DT/CCDD ngiy 4-4-1957 chip-thuan. Sic-lénh s8 588 DT/CCDD néi trén thém ring trong viéc xét dn-vin, néu bic ba m@t dn-vin ndo, Héi-Ding sé chi din mét bia-phip hofe mét durdng [61 va giao cho mgt Toa-4n Ditn-Dja lan-cin xét xir gi vu kign. Lé tat nhién co-quan tai-phdn thir nhi nly phic xée kiéng phil voi tu-cdch mt Toa khing-cio ma chi véi tw-cich mét Toa-An Dic Bitt dong bin-chit, ddng cip-bic duge lujt-phip tritn-khoing thim-quyén va giao cho xét xi mét vy ngodi quan-hat. M6t cau hai : Néu Toa-dn Dién-Dja thir hai khong theo y-kién H6i-Dong thi sao? Ta khéng nén quén ring Hoi-Ddng Cii-Cich Dién-Dja khong phai [2 mgt co-quan tai-phin cip trén ; Hbi-Dang khéng cho thichanh n-vin vi ly do chinh- tr], com vigc dp-dung va gidi-thich ludt-phdp v4a thudc thim-quyén cia Tea-in, C6 le vi khong nge cé thé cé trudng-hop Tda-dn thir hai cudng lai, nén lu} php khong dé-cip dén. Di sao mgr vy kign xir tei ba lin va theo ly-thuyét 6 th xis t6i b6n ndm Bin, la mgt ditu khong nén vA gidi-phip duy ohat dé trink sy bat-dSug y-kign 1 ahi lap-pasp nén tu-chinh Iai didu lugt néi tren. 5) THU-TUC TRUG'C TOA LAO-DONG. Trude Toa Lao Ding don khoité khoi gin con niém, ngp tei Phong Tho- ky Toa. Duong-sy cing 06 thé trinh don cho Thanh-Tra Lao-Déng ; Vienechirc niy st 6 ging hda-giii cuge phin-trank va néu khong thanh, sé d@ don dy qua Toa La0-Dong. Dwong-sy sé dugc doi dén hiu bing tho bio-dim do Phong Tho-ky Toa géi ro ngdy truéc phién xi. Tho doi hiu phai bién ngiy thing nim, tén ho, nght-ngbiép va tri-quin cia nguyén-don, thira kign vigc chi, vi ngiy giv din hiv Toa, néu thé-thire nay khong duge tuin-hinh thi sy doi vé-higu. Dén ngiy xr mi nguyén-don ving mat thi vy té-tung sé dug bal bé va chi cd th? dem ra Toa mot lin nia, sau thoi-hgn 8 ngay va theo thé.thire nhu trés, Néu ngugc lai bi-don ving mg thi Toa sé ke fa khiém-dign vA thim-xét_ngay vy Kign, Khi duong-sy dén hiu diy di, Toa chir hoa-gidi hai dang. Néu 06 sy théa-thugn Toa lgp bign-bin lita : bién bin ndy c6 di lye chép-hiah va sé durge thichanh nh mét ban an. Khi nao khong hos-gidi durye, Toa sé gi& iai dé xét dodn ngay, Toa luda luén 4 th? léa dn, 06 ghi duyén-cé ra lénh digu-tra, din khim xét noi xiy ra vige phan- tranh cing cic phuong-phdp thim-van khac. 131Trix khi alo od Kringesio, da diye thi-viah 8 ngiy sau khituyén dn. Nia ed khing-cdo thi phii Lim trong cho ‘nan 8 ngiy sau ngiy tuyén dn. Thude-vien hay thy-thuyén diroag nhign Gry? hudag tw-prap bio try bit ct ve tinheteang aio tase Toa So-Taim va kai dieag v8 mit bj-Wehing tr.e6c Toa khing- clo. CSc dan tir, van-kign nap vio hi-so die duge n'in din con niém Aing-kf khéi tin phi. IV — PHUO'NG-SACH T6.cAU DAN-SY. 1.— KHANG-TO. Phurong-sich nly di dug xin mign ohic |i, KHANG-CAO. Vi la mgt t8.cdu thudngelujt, quyéa khing-cio duryc m& rgngcho tét-ch cde phan-quyét cé tinh-cach tranh-tyng, néu khéng cé mOt ban van dje-bigt ngin cim, ah trvgng-hgp 4n-vin cla Toa-An Dign-Dja. Ngogi-nhan khing cé quyén khing-cdo, nhung duge hanh-si thi-tyc dé-tam khdng-t a6i & doan sau. dé-cip khi ban vi thiniye khuysttjch ndi o doga Chi duong-sy bj that kin & so-thim méi duc quyén khdng-cio, du chi thit cO mgt phin. a) Vé hinh-thire va thoi han Lugt té-tung phin-dig: khdng-cio chinh v3 khing-cio phy-d6i, Khang-cio chinh 1) do nguoi thit kign & so-th3m; khiog-cdo phy-déi do bi-khang lm theo, Khi ngi-vy dd bj khdng-cdo Bi. Néu la khang-céo chink, ivi shai cha nguyén-khang hay ogwoi dy-nhigm ob gily daiequy8n pai ghi trong m9: cudn s8 rig1z d3 tai Phong Lyucesy Toa nguyén- thim (di@u 116 Nghj-dinh rgr0), Lujt Trung di dé-dai hon vé vin-d? hinh-thire : c6 thé khdng-cdo bing loi khai migng hay lam doa véi Thim-phin va Luc-sw, bang tho hay diga-tin hay bing don khigu gdi dén cdc co-quan khic (diéu 117, 118 H.S.T.S.T.T). Théi-hgn khéng-cdo chinh la 60 ngay tron & Nam va 30 ngay tron & Trung. Muén khing-céo mét bin an khuyét-tich, phii di hét thoi-han khing-té. Durong-ser ménh-mgr thi thai han dure dinh-chi va. ba dau khoi-diém ke tir ngay thira ké bit dau nhdn due tOng-dgt in (digu 120 H.S.T.S.T.T) hoge duoc gia han 6o ngay Ke tty nghy ting-tat (ditu 115 ND. 1910). Néw 1a khing-cio pay-doi thi lugt khdag bude m3t hind-thire hay thdi-hon no cl, vA cd thE ching lai ci ahing khoin chi-vin khéng lam ddi-tugng cho sy khing-cio chinh. Néu cS bai-nai khing-cio chink, sy khing-cio phy-déi van con higu-lyc, Nhung néu khing-cio chinh bj tigu-hily, chdng han vi cb biti ve hinh-thite, lic 46 kthdng-céo phy-déi khéng cdn diya trén cin-ban mio nifa, sé vo higu-lyc luda. 432by Higu-lwe khang-céo Trix phi Toa duéi cho thi-hinh tm bin an nguyénxir, sy khang-céo cé higu- lye fam dinh-chi sy thi-hanh phin-quy%t bj khing-cio. Toda khing-edo 6 quyén xét lai toln th? ndi-vy, dé 1 higuelye phé-thiim (effet dévolutif). Tuy nbién, Toa phiic-thim chi cd quytn xét Iai cic khoin bj khing- cbo, cho khéng digc xét ra ngodi, theo nguyén-tic « tantum devolutum, quantum appelatum » Ngoai ra, nguyén-khing chi cé th? dura ra nhing phirong-chuse méi truréc Toa khang-céo, cho khéng cé quyén dua ra nhi¢ng thinh-clu mdi. Toa khang-cdo cdn c6 mot dic-quytn dyc-bigt: 46 TA quyén di-th3m (droit d'évocation). Toa nay durge phép nbn ludn hi-so dé xétexir toan thé vu kign vé ndie dung, sau khi da phiic-nét va sira lai mot bin dn cia Toa dwéi, Diy 1 mot gidi-phap trix Ig d3i voi hai nguyén-tic 44 hoe: nguyénetic « tantum devolutum, quan‘um appela- tum» va nguyén-tic lgng-cip tdi-phin. Di sao tug: Viét-Nam cing chi chip-nhai quyén nay trong hai truyng-hoep: an-vin so-thin dj hiy vi bi: hyp-tirsva vs- thiim-quyén (ditu 130 Nghi-djnh tgro, ditu 129 H. S, T. S. T. T.). 3.— DE-TAM KHANG.-TO. Ngwdi ngogi-cude, khing phai 1b duong-sy hay kadag duge tay mat trong vu kign, muén trinh thig -hai giy ra do higu-lyc cia mdt bin in, durge lujt-phip dic- biét cho phép khing phin-quyét d3: doy la quytn dg-tam-nhan lam 4é-tam khang.t3, Theo nguyén-tic bit co phan-quyét no lam thig:-hai quyén-lgi cia d@-tam- phan cfing cé th? Lim d6i-tugag cx0 phirong-phip ti-ciu nly. Tuy mbhifa, cic da-vin phi-tung va céc phic-quyzt cua Téa Phi-An khong th? bj dg-tam khing-td. Luft khong bude d@-tam-nhin phil khing-t6 trong thdi-han ahit dinh nao. Vé hinh-thirc, Nghj-dinh 16-3-1910 khong d2-c§p din, nhung lugt Trung nét 18 trong digu 233 ring don dirng d@-tam khéng-t6 phii lam theo hinh-thirc mgt don pias : HRSG su nly khong of higu-lye dinh-chi phin-quy&t bj chi-rich Nang Thire Phin cS th? truyén dinb-chi néu xét thiy nguyén-don dirng d¢-tam khing-t6 cé hy- vong thing kign (dite 136 Nghl-djah r9t0, dieu a34 H.S.T.S.T.T.). Néu thét kign, nguyén-don sé bj phat va vi phii bdi-thudng thigt-hai cho duong-sip 06 bin 4n bj chi-trich vd cin-cir. Néa thft kita, ban dn bj chi-trich s€ tay tcwag-hyp bj thau-hdi hay bj sira Ip. Nhung viée chuwin-chép d@-tam khing-tS chi c6 higu-lyc d3t voi ngwdi dietam Wering-t8 va bin via vin c5 gid-th 431 vol cle duong-sy bais (itu 137 Nyz1j-djnh 1910, ditu 236 H.S.T. “S.T.T.), 41334— BON XIN PHIEN AN. Nghi-dinh 16-3-rg10 chip-nhan hang trrdng-hyp xin phitn - dn (dién 139, 140) sau day : — néucé tite’ cd-nbin lam Téa mic lim ; — néu vi khéng tén-trgng hinh-thicc ma bj vd - higu thi-tyc, eeude hay hic nghj-xir, mign 1a vé-hitu khéng durge sy bao-y2m ; — néu 48 phdn-xét vé nhitng ditu khong thinh-ciu ; —néu 44 phin-xir qua 101 thinh-clu ; — néu cé 4n-vin mau-thudn, trong cdc vu 4n ddng tyung-nhan, do mét Toa xét xt — néu trong mbt bin Sn ob nhimg dita khodn wréi oguye nhsu ; i — néu di cinc vio nhing vin-kign xét ra la gid-mgo hay bj tuyén-bé gii- mao sau ngay cé dn-vin 5 — néu tir ngay xét-xir kei tim ra nhitog van-kign quyét-dinh do d6i phuong nim gid. BQ Hé-sy Thuong-sy Té-tyng Trung, trong ditu 212 cing chip-nhgn nhéng truvdng-hop trén day itr trirong-hop thir ohat (dirong-sy tri-ted lira dét Toda), a) Digu-kign xin phién-dn; Trir phin-quyét cla Toda Phi-An, bit ct 4n vin Toa thudng-tung va dice thim mio cling cé tht xin thu-hBi direc, Digu 139 Nghi-dink 1910 va arr H.S.T.S.T.T. chi n6i din da-vin déictich chunghim cia Téa So-Thim va Thuong-Thim cing 4n-vin khuyét-tich fa khing t8 duoc nita. khong Dirong-sy duge quyén xin phién-in cling IA ohing ngudi of th? xin khing- cio, ngia A: phai 1a tung-nhan hoje la ngudi duge dai-dign c6 Igi-ich troag vy kién va 4 ning-lyc. Thoi-han xin phién 4n Li hai thang theo luat Nam va mde thdng theo iit Trung. Theo luat nay, trong trurong-hop gid-mao gidy t® hay kham phi ra vin-ty moi, tho- han duge tinh K2 vir ngly sy gii-mgo durgc clo-glic hay tuyén-ohgn hay tr ngiy cg bang-chirng vit cing vin-kita mdi durgc khém phi; v8 céc trurdng-hyp Khdc thoi. han sé khdi-ditm vir ngay tuyén-dn dwong-t{cs hay ur ngay 4n Kehuyé:-tich khong cn khing té duge nira. Theo lujt Nam, vé cic trudng-hop gid-mgo gidy te hay khim pid ta via-ty mél, théi-hen tinh ohw o Trung; néu cé dn-vin miu-thuin, ngiy thing tong dat ban an sau sé dirgc k? dé tinh thoi-han; vé cic trurdng-hep khic thi thyi-han durge tinh ke tir ngay tong dat dich-chin hay téi nna; thyi-han cing durge kéo dai cho dén ngay thanb-nién déi voi ngudi didi ar tudt. by Tha-tye : Noi-vy phai tro vé Toa nguyén thiin dé xét lai mhirmg sy Lim-lin vé-tinh.Phal ¢6 don xin thu-hdi, 141 phil déng dn dy phat trong 481 khé ning (thua Kuga sé mat). O Nam, nguyta-don con phil tri cf tita b&i-thudng ; don chi dege thiu-nbjn nfo 43 ding Gi 85 itn nly, Ngoil ra, cbn phai c6 mot bin y-kién thugn v8 vite dé-nap don khiés ; bin 4y do 3 Lujt-sw tham-nién obit trong Lujt-su dodn ky tén ; néu thiéu, don cing khong durge thiu-nhgn (ditu 152 Nghi-djnh rgro), Luat Trung thay thé th?-thirc nily bing viéc théng-tri hS-so' cho BO Tu-Phip Nam-Tritu chitu-khin va tri vé Téa vél lugn-trang can thiét trong thdiehan 20 nghy ; khdng 1 nay cS Ludt-s doan, dn-lé thich nghi ra 820. Vite xét xir chia lam 2 gleiedoan : Gial-dogn 1: Toa ciru-xét true xem don xin thu-hdi c6 ding chuln-chip khéng, hay phai hoy bd, Giai-dogn 11: Téa hop lin nita d8 lén bin 4n thir hai thay thé bin an 43 bj hay-bé trong gial-dogn trrée néu don xin thiu-hbi nguyén-in durge chap-ahan. Bin dn két-thic giai-doan nhét, cling nhur bin an két-thiic giai-doga ohi 13 ahitng phdn-quyét chung-thim ; do 46 chi cé tht xin thugng-t8 Ién Toa Pad-An cho kh6ng thE Iai xin thu-hdi Bn nga, Nés la teurdng-hgp 4n-vin miu-thudn, 4n-v3e két-thic giai-Gogn 1 hoy-bd mot trong hai bin 40 bj chi-trich 44 chiim-dirt thi-tuc, én khéng cin phii buréc qua giai-dogn hai Theo nguyén-tic, don xin phién-dn khéng 05 higuelye dinb-chi ; nhurng BS Ho-sy Thwong-sy Té-tyng cho phép Thim-Phin Trung-Phin quyéa ra 4n-l¢ah dinh chi vite thi-hanh phin-quyét bj chi-trich (ais 217). 5.— THUQNG-16 XIN PHA-AN. Phép-ché Vigt-Nam méi dit ra thiitye phi-in titng cho cic Toa-4n quécegia ‘ke tir ngay cb Dy 88 5 ngly 18-10-1949 a),L¥ do thugng té. i Chi c6 th xin phé cfc bin dn chung-thim va daa-sy vA theong-sy vl nhing ly do sau day: — vd thim-quytn hay lem quytn, — vi-lugt, — trong céc haoh-vi thi-tue va 4n-vin cb sy bit-tuin cic tht-thirc té-tung duege dye ra vel ché-t4l vé-hitu, — oS eg tirong-phin gia 2 bin in cing xr v8 mét vite cia hal Toa-én ‘kkhde hau. 135b) Hiéu-lue sw thuong-t6. Trréc hét sy thereng-té khOng 06 higu-lyc dinh-chi, trir pht lujt-djoh khic. Thurong-t8 cing khéng cé higu-lyc phé-thim. Tda Phé-An chi cé quyn kitm- soat cfc vin-dé nite ma Surong-sy xin xét tinh-chch h¢p - ph’p va duy-chi vi ly-do direc ngi 1a ma thdi. Tda Phi-An khéng phai 1a mot co-quan tai-phin dé Toa Phi-An chicé nhigmay x bin n ché khong xt ngi-dung vy kign. Cie su-kign, nha Iip-phép coi nhu 44 thim-djnh xong xudl uudc Toa xir chung-th?m, Téa Phé-An khéng direc quyén tré lai vin-dé nay. Phuong-chirée mdi cing khéng durge phép 4@-trinh Tada Ph4-An. Tuy nhién, in-lé chip nhin 2 biét. — Phuong-chuée mei duge néu lén Tin du néu trurée kia khéng cb dip ban téi vile pkuore-chudc 6 rut & rgay cfe tin in bj thwrong-18 12. Chang ken thuong.t8 vi khiém-khuyét Iy-do, vi thiéu cin-bin phipely ; — Phuorg-chirée moi lai c6 th? néu lén lin the nhat néu [a nhiing phrong- chiréc fiénehé dén trat-cy céng-céng, mién 18 ngay trong cdc vin-kién xu‘tetrinh Toda nguyén-thim di cé sin rdi. e) Diéu-kién thong-td. — 4n.vin xin thurgng-t8 phai 1 mét phan-quyét trank-tung ; — dn-vin tuyén-xir duong-tich hay khuyét-tich khéng quan trong, mién 1A in chung-thim. Déi v6i Jn khuyét-tich, thdi-han khdng-t8 phdi 43 man ; — duong-sy dire phép thuong-t6 1a nhing ngwdi diye hanh-st quytn khdng-clo va thu-hdi nguyén~in. Luat cé dé-cip dén trudng-hop thirgng-té cla Ong Chudng-Ly Toa Phé-An. Néw c6 vilugt hay bét-hop-thérc té-ung, Vi nly 6 tht ty-dgng xia ph4-dn. Nhung néu cd Igm - quyén, thi phai doi l@nh Ong Tong Uy-Vitn Tu-Phip. @) Thoi-han va thé-thire thirgng-t6. Mu6a x'n phé-in, Grong-sy phi khai-trinh tal Phong Lyc-sy Toa-in nguyén- thim, trong han 15 ngay sau ngay t6ng-dat bin-in Sy dén dich-than hay tri-sd cla durong- su ; 06 th? khai migng hay Lm don d? xin phi-dn. Dirong-sy phii déng mét s5 ttn dy phat 200d ; ditu-kign nly khong 4p-dung cho Céng-té.vign dirng ra thuong-té. Trong han r thing, Luc-sy Toda nguyén-thim phii blo cho bén kia biét vite xin phé-Sn bing tho bio-¢im c6 hBi-b4o. Ba thing sau la chém nit, hd-so phii duge chuyén lén ‘fda Phi-An. _ _ Bign-minh cla nguyén-don xin phi-in va khdng-bign-luja cla bén kia trao d3t lan nhau qua trung-gian phong Luc-sy Tada Phé-An, 136Theo Séc-Lugt 06 r4/65 ngty 1-9-1965 nfu nguyen thugng-tS khing 6 bin bittemin thbi 3 thing sau thi Mao len 4&4 PROop Looe, "oa Phi-An cd tht dem vie ra xét xir durge. Ve phin bj thirgng.t6, nfu duge bso oS bin bita-minh cia ee Te. SG 4 gee cnn en tT clag ont 8. 1 Chinh-Nbét ci mot vy Hoi-Thim Lim td thuylt-trinh 2 3 sau thi of bin thiyéhtriah. Cing iSite si wen Wevlaia cane tome age ibigies agin va hoin Phong Lotte chtm mbit 3 ngty were phitn Toe. ©) An-Van, Phin-quyét cia Téa phé-dn bao gid cling vitn din ly do. Néu don bj bac, nguytn-céo khong nhitng ginh chju 4n-phi, mie titn dy phat md cin phil tr3 cho bi-céo mot s6 titn b3I thing bing 1/a sb tin phat de ky. Néa bin fa thiryng-té bj phi, nguyta-che derge hobn igi tila dy phet. Noi vy durge di giao cho mgt Tba khde GBng qui-glal, bin-chit va clip bjc voi Tada nguyéa- thim d2 xét Ii ve tiah-ly, Nhung 6 truvong-hp khéng 05 di-giao trong dn 45 bh ph : — Ebi sy thegng-t8 vi lpitoh lujtphip, de Ong Chedng-Ly Toda Phi-Aa 1am, c8t cho 4n-I¢ durge duy nhit. — khi Toa Thurgng-Thim nguyén-xir 43 phin xét trong mot vy 0 khing-clo bat hep-le hoe qué han, va bin dn thirong-t5 bj phi vi ly do nly. NEu di-giso v8 Tea khdc sf Lim sng [al céc ditm bit hyp-phip 8% duge gill quyé. — Ehi od sy tirong-phin gitta a phin-quyét, chi cin phi mgt 4n-vin B di. Toa di-giao theo nguyén-tic, 06 th? khéng theo quas-ditm cia Toa Phidn. ‘Trong trréng-hyp nly, néu noi-vy tro igi Téa Phi-An thi Tda sé hep tit ci cic phong 42 xir chung-thim. V.— THO-TYC BAC-BIET TRUGC CAC TOAAN PHONG-TVC. Ve din-sy va thirong-sy & cSp Xi, tit ci cic vy tranh-tyng khéng phan bit gié-nggch phil dua ra thir hoa gi truréc. Chd-Tich Uy-Ban Hanh-Chinh XZ a2 mgt minh dim-trich cuge hda-giii ; nfu cia, v| ny 06 th? tham-Khio y-Kién cia che Phy- Thim Throng. Néu hde-giil durge, bite-bin ghi ahitag ditc-bhoin ghi nhing dtu thée-thufn sé ob higu-lyc ch3p-hanh va khéng aie thiyng-céo nei dau od. Ehi who hhda-gidi bit thanh moi dua afl vy ra trede Tos-dn xét ir. C4c Toi-ta Thuyug cbc ofp sf fp-dung abing quin le vi phoug-tyc die phiong, mifn khing tréi véi trft-ng coig-cng. Néu che durong iy do dlc phong-tyc khée hae chi-phSi thi &f ép.dyag tyc-l¢ nol toalec Wg trink-tang d6i whi sthing cB-quyta S51 vit vi tyc-le noi cue cha bi- don d6i voi nhirng tS-quytn 66Lnbin. Theisen chisig-cho 1 15 tighy trok 431 voi cic én so-thim cia Tdeém phong tyc Xa va 30 ngly tron él voi céc phimquyét so-thim cis Tte-tn wT‘Thoryng-vy Quin va cia Ban Thiryng-Vy Tda-in cip Tinh, thii-han tinh tir ngay tuyén-in. Phin-quyét chung-thim cia Tda-dn Thigng-Vy Quin vi Ban Thugng-Vy Tasin cip Tinh sé thinh nbit-djnh va ob hitu-lyc chSp-hinh sau khi ma thél-hgn 30 ngly ke tir nghy tuyén-in Tda Thegng-Thim khéng hanh-si quy€n di-thim. CSc phirong-sich t5-ciu, khing-tS va thirgng-t6, khéng Sp-dung 4éi voi dn- vin cia Téadn xir theo phong-tuc. Tyng-nbin duge mién tri tit cd cdc loai dy-phi. Nhung khi tuyén-dn, Toa- an st chiéu 13i va tap-quin phong tuc cla durong-tung a2 quyét-djnh vé sy ganh chju in-phi. Vi— THU-TYC TRUGC CAC CO-QUAN TAI-PHAN HANH-CHANH. 4.— Thi-tye truée Téa Hanh-Chénh. A. DON KHOI TO Don khdité phii nap tai Phong Téng Tho-Ky Tda-in Hanh-Chinh, Don phii ghi r6 tén ho, nghé-nghiép va tri-quin cla nguyén-don va bj-don, trinh-bay ndi-vy, vién din cdc ly 18, cdc 101 thinh clu, liet-ké cdc gidy td dinh theo don, ghi rd tni-quin tuytn-trach tai noi thiét-l4p Toa-dn. Don khiéu-nai vé mg quyét-dinh hanh.chinh phil ngp trong thdi-han 3 thing ‘tir ngty objn t6ng-dgt quyét-dinh. Néu nguyén-don khéng cS tri-quin trong ntrée, thii-han sf gip déi (6 thing). B. THU-TUC TAI TOA. Sau khi dom khoi-té durge ding-ky tz phdng TSog Tho-Ky, Chinh-An chi- job trong $5 Héi-thim mot Uy-vién thuyét-trinh. Vi nly phytrich ditu-khitn, d6c- bigs cuge thim-ciru duéi quytn Chinh-An, t-nghj cic bién-phdp thim-ciru cin-thiét ‘Hp ty-trinh so-lirge va At-nghj théng-b4o don khdi-td cho bj-don. Chinb-in ra dn-Ignh théng-bdo, djnh ky han 4% bj-don xuit-trinh khAng-bi¢n- dugn, ky-hgn nay khong diye duéi 2 thing, Khing-bitn-lujn sé théng-bdo cho nguyén-don vi ngudi nay od th?, trong han 15 ngiy, nap mot bign minh-trang, va bj-don trong han 15 ngay sau khi durge téng- Gqt, 05 thé nap khing-bitn-luja thir hai vé vu nay. Kihi vy bign of th? dem ra xr, Uy-viem thuyét trinh sé 4p td-trinh vi dy- thio fin-vin. H3-so, tb-trinh va dy-thio nly sé durge chuy2n cho Uy-Vien Chinh-pha 42 Wp két-lngn-trang, Bin kt cic vite @ing-dudng trong mdi phita Tda sé do Chinh-An Sn-djnh theo Bogh{ cia Uy-vitn Chanh-phis,C.— PHIEN TOA CONG-KHAI. Ney phitn Toa phi bio-thj cho duvong-ey biét it nhét 8 bom trudc.. Tal phién Toa, sau khi Phy-thim thuyét-trinh, cle dirong-sy od th trinh mitng d2 gidi-thich 15 nhimng ditu két-ludn vier, Uy-vitn Chinb-phi két-lujo sau cing. Sau 46, Toa tuyén dn sau khi thio-lugn, hoje nghj in 4% tuyén-in trong mit phitn ‘Toda sau, D.— DON XIN TAM HOAN THI-HANH. Vite khdng-nai tai Tda-an Hanb-Chinh v8 m§¢ quyét-djah hinh-chinh khong Lam dinh-chi sy thi-hanh quyét-djah Zy. ‘Tuy nhién, trong trudng-hgp ma vige thi-hanh quyé-djinh cé tht gly ra mot sy thi¢t hal khong dén ba dirgc, Toadn ob th2, chiéu ldi yeu clu cla duong-sy, amu kbi 43 théng-béo cho d8i-phuong biét, ra Ignh cho hodn sy thi-hanh hay trayén cho tam théi thi-binh nhung bit bugc phi ob ngedi bio inh, Vite xin hodn thi-hanh phil G8ng-thi thinh-cli cing trong mot 14 don voi chinh-vy, Bj-don o6 th phin khing don xin hon thi-hinh. E.— KHANG-TO LEN THAM-CHINH-VIEN. Mun khing-t8 cic bin-in cha Téa-in Hink-chinh ltn Tham-Chinb-Vita, wong-sy ob tht chon 42 thi-hanh, trong han x thing ke tir agty thng-Get 4a-vin d6i-tich, hay 1A ogay man han khing-in khuyét-tjch, mOt trong a thi-tyc sau day + 1/ ho¥c lam te khal khdng-15 tal Vin-Phong Tong-Tho-Ky Tda-dn Hinh.chinh; a] ogc géi don khdng-t6 thing téi Tham-Chinh-Vita.” Theo ditu 53 Dy 55 2 ngiy 5-1-1950 « thdi-han 42 Quéc-gis khing-16 inh tir nghy tuyén-4n », Vé dim nay, Tham-Chinh-Vign Vit-Nam 3 xir ring : nguyéa-tic chung ve tha-tyc t8-tung B thii-han kbing-t6 chi bt dia ngiy 8ng-dat 4n-vin, viy itu 53 n6i tren ,phdi coi nhu mot ngogi-l¢ chi 4p-dung cho Quéc-gia daidign bot Chénh-Phi trung-wong ma thé, cho khéng 4p-dung cho céc phip-nhin hanb-ch4nh khéc voi Quée-gia, hofc cic phip-nhin hinh-chiab dja-phyong. Ddi vi cic phip- nhan ny, thoi-hgn khing-t6 tinh ti ngay téng-dgt dn-vin chitu theo nguyén-the chung 42 duge trin bay trong ditu 51 Dy 36 a ngiy 5-1-1950 (an T. C. V. ngay ai- 32-1957, vy Dé-Thinh Saigon k/ Céng-Ty Bio-Hikm ¢ Le Secours », P. L. T.S. 4@ nhj tam-cA-nguyét 1959, trg. 63). F.~ CAP THAM HANH-CHANH. ke : | Trong trudng-hgp khin-clp, theo don thinh clu cia dirong-sy, Chinh. Tea-in Hanh-Chanb of th? ra 4n-Ifnh cho thi binh ngay moi biga-phép thich-ing d& gill quyét mol vu tranb-chip, miéa Ia dnlénh nly khong dugc Anb-hudng dén tob-ly vy kien. C6 th® xin khdng-nai Sn-oh ny triréc Tham-Chinh-Vign trong han 35 ngiy sau khi téng-dat. 1592.— Thi-tye trrée Tham-Chinh-Vi¢n, AL BON KHTEUNAI VA ERANG-WAT Bon thifuenzi phil do daong-sy hay agudi thyaly ky ten. ‘Don khing-n7i cia cic ving sé do BO-Trrong si quan kj, hay ngudi odog- chire dirge dy-ohigm ding khing-nai ky. Bon khifu-ngi va khing-nal cing bit-lyc dinh kim phil gdi téi Phong Toag-Tho-Ky Tham-Chinh Vien ; cling c6 th? géi thing téi Chi-Tich Tham-Chinh- Vita va dirgt mia tet. Bit cir trong trirng-hyp ndo, Tham-Chinh-Vign chi o6 th xét-xir khi nto 6 mét quy€t-dioh cla aba Aide trich banh-chinh hay mot bin-in cia Tos-in Hinh-chinh hay mot Phaptinh Famh-Chidth nko khiéc. Nha chirc-erich hinb-chimh ndo tigp ohgn don thinh cau cita ai vé mét vitc gl soe ere aeechet eet sé coi nhy 43 ra quyét-djnh béc Wi thinh-cit 36. B. THOI-HAN KHIEU-NAl x) Trie trrdng-hop 06 ditu fujt-djnh khic, dom khigungi chi dupe chip- nbja trong han hai thing ke tir ngay cdng-bd quyét-djnh banh-chinh bj chi-trich, hay kE et nghy nbjn dirgc téng-dat néu 4 qoyét-djnh hanb-chinh ci-nhan. a) Tiri-hgn di tren sé try dinh-chi néu durong-sy lam don xin ttu-huy quyét-4jnb hinh-ch4nh hoc trréc nha chire-trich tic-gid, hofe truée thurgng-c’p cha ho. Néu nha chiéo-trich kiltng tri Toi, sy im Hing kéo dBi trong hai thing dtrgc col sher qiyet-aneh béckdrée ; ple vay, thetheh hai thing ghid dogn I tren diy 2& tinh tle Wibhy Bigs hai thing seu 4% min. . BON XIN HOAN THI-HANH. Vite dh Htuchury mgt quyét-diah binh-chinh trréc Tham-Chinh-Vien khom 06 higulife Win “Athh-chi sy thi-hanh vis-kite 45. Tuy ohitn, néu xét sy thi-haoh mot quyét-@ftth hatih-chaah ‘cb tht gay ra ahirog két-qui khong An bu durge, Cha-Thh Tham-Chinh-Vign oS thé, thitd Iai ytu-ciu cia duong-sy, sau khi bio cho df. phuoihg biét, ra 3é-I@th tym hodn thi-hanh. Vite xin hon thi-haoh phii think-clu trong cing mgt i don véi chinh vy. D. THU-TYUC THAM-COU CBb-Tich et mage Uy-Vitn Thuyét-Trinh trong cle Ct.vin, vj nly dbc-bith va Gttu-thita Gige thiin-cir. Chi-Tich ra dn-tgah théng cdo cic don khitu-nai cing bit-lyc dinh-kém, va inh hits ge dB 861 ben dtrotig-e xudt-thinh bitn-minh-trang va khing-bite-ludn, $40Khi cuge thim-ciru 42 hoan-bi, Uy-Vien Thuyét-Trink Igp td-trlah va dy-thio dn-vin, H8-so diy di s2 chuyta cho Uy-Vieo ChinkePhi 2 lim chia trang &) PHIEN TOA CONG-KHAI Tal phitn Toa céng-khai, Uy-Vien Thuyét-Trinh doc bin thuy€t-trinh, cfc Gvong-sy khJu-trinh nhgn xét va Uy-Vien Chinh-Phi két-luan, Aa sé tuyén cOng-thai sau khi Tham-Chiah-Vitn thio-luja, Chi 06 Luge-se thitt-th méi duoc bigu-hd teuée Tham-Chioh-Vitn. © KET-LUAN Lugt Dan-sy Té-tyng con nhitu ditu-khodn 18i thoi, khéng dip-ing thyc- trgng nude nha : xf Trwéc nbat hign-trang phip-ché thiéu thudo-ebét ; mi Phin déu oS mat BO Lugt riéng bigt khéng tuong-dyng voi tinh-thin déc-lp cia Quéc-gia cing tinh. c4ch thng-nhit cia lunh-th3. Cho nén tir liu BO Tu-Phip 43 lo xtc-titn cing viz dibn-ché. Hign nay, mot dy-in BO Mngt Dan-ey Thuong-sy Té-tung 44 durgc sogn- thio xong d? dem 4p~dyng cho toan lanh-thd quéc-gia, a/ NhituTéa Die-Thim duoc thiét-lp vi thim-quytn kbéc big. Thidy vt taknan lao-djng, ngn nhin ntu bj bit-lye vinh-vidn ma mudn xin ddi bdi thong thi phii dura agi vy ra Téa So-Thim; nhweng ofu ngn-nhin chi muén xin titn phy- cap hing ngay, tien bdc-si, ttn thudc men hay thin-nb3n ngn-nhin mudn xin titn chén cit thi phai do Thim-Phdn Hda-Gii not xiy ra tajongn xt xix; ve nhitng vy cé-nhin phin-tranh khéc, ofng-nhin hay the-thuytn Iai phil khéi-tS ra Téa Lao- Dong. Néu kin Lim Toa, don thira sé bj béc vi vd thim-quytn. 3/ Qué nhida hinh-thirc phirc-tap ché-ti bing sy vé-hitu. Thi-dy muda ki¢a, tung-nhan phil ngp don khdit6 tai phong Lyc-sy ché khéng durge phép ahd Thira- phét-lai trigu-hoin dom ra Toa, Mot thi dy nira: trieéc Tha So-Thim, bj-don bj ddi hu bing trét do Thira-phit-lai hay chire-dich hirong-thén t8ng-4zt, nhung treéc Téa ‘Nba Phé trét 481 Ig! durgc thay thé bing tho bio-dim ob h3i-bio, ob ktm theo mgt ban sao don khdi-té. Trubc Tada thu’mg-tyng, hda-gidi khong 0} tinh-cich bit bude ; nhurng nfu xi v2 ly-hén hay ly-thin hay tec Toa NNhi-Phé, hay Téa Lao-Dong, Thim-Phsn bit buge phdi hda-gidi hai dang. 440/ Nhitu thdi-han duge diy-Heu, mdi thi-tuc cé mét thdi-han khéc nhau, va ngay trong mOt thi-tyc thdi-han Sp-dung cho & Trung-Phin va Nam-Phin ciing khéng giéog nhau. Nhu méi phirong-cich t&clu (khdng-t6, khing-céo, thugng-t8, phién-in) Gu cé thdi-han ritng bitt, riéng ve khing-c4o thdi-han 1A 30 ngty trond Trung ma a 60 ngiy tron & Nam. Tyng-nhan khéng theo ding théi-han sé bj bic don vi khéng hgp-I@ v8 hinh-thirc. anh ring té-tyng cd durge tb-chire chit-ché, tyung-nhan moi cé ohitu bio- dim, nhirng néu d§t ra qui abitu hinh-thirc sic-rSi, khée bigt cho timg thi-tyc, ngwdi din thong sé khé bé theo ddl, ludt td-tung sé tré thanh mét lanh-vyc chi danh riéng cho gigi lugt-gia ma thél. Vi vay, Uy Ban soan-thioB§ Dan-sy Thirong-sr Té-tyng chi-truong giia-dj- héa, bS bét nhing hinh-thirc phir-tap vé bB va théng-nhét cic théi-han thi-tyc déo amie téi-thitu,PHY BANA LUAT TRUONG.MAI VIET-NAM. peiens DE thOng-nbit va canh-tin ludtepbdp, T8ag BO Tee-Phé Hoda dB cho thanb | i te -Phap Vigt-Nam Cong - nda phy-obs Vighenss 787 Getrtch sopm hbo 5 bp Int ee-bia cdo — Rink-Loat — Hiob-Sz TS-Tung — Dan-Luat — Dan-Sa T6-Tung. — Luét Thuong-Mai Che dir-da Ingt nd! trén d8 lta legt hoan thant, Riéog dy-do bd Lut Threog-Mel gdm 5 quyan, dai ctrong phe sac: Quy8a 1; — B 2n-khokn tdng quét — Theong-gia — Cée cira hang thtrong-mai: Qay?n iI : — Nol v8 thwong-boi. Quy&n III : Cés banh-vi theong-mgi. Qayka IV; Noi ve hang-bai, Quy8n V: Khénb.tén vd thaub-todn te-phép. Trong vic ngbién-cira va san.dinh lodt theoug-mel, Uy-ben eegn thio 48 mot mit, tOa-trong mhiag ogoyén-téc cin-bha v8 thoong-mei quéc-té, mit kbic, dong-bda cic djoh-ob§ xét cin-thi€t 4¢ cho thich-bgp véi Ueb- trang kinh-t§ x-hoi treng amdc, Nba. thy Logt Thwoag-mei 6 nbidu dinb-eh€ twong-dong voi dinh. eb€ bo D&ao-Lugt cing dab-budng dfn BY Logt t6-tuog, oén trong cong. tde dite.ché, Uy-ban 4& pbdi kim edc Bd Daa-Lugt vi Din.sw Té.tuag dz trénb ohirog ey tring phing bofe tify sée. Nobu v2 céc Higp-b6!, vi b§ Die-Luge cbf qui-djah khé-ste lép boi dan- aq, nén bo Loft ThaoagsMe! daeh trom quy2n II mol va af t3.chite va dide- hanb cao Thigog-hoi. ‘V2 kh€-réc chnyéa-ché cing cde logl kh6-18e khic cé tlah-céch thacag. mai m& bO Din-Legt khoag 48 cip tol, bd Lugt Thavag-mal dh yal-dich {i mi trong qoyéa II. ‘V2 bio-hidm, Sfo-luge 95 015/65 nghy 179-1065 4% Kndjah day a4 ebi- tide ve quLohScéc, doamh-ngaltp bogt dfag vé moi cong-ide bho-biben tai Viet. Nam, 89 Lagt Tawcag-Mei ob! qui- 155Nhitng dim vira dge luge ké nbw tréa cho thfy ring Hinb.Lugt Qaan-Thu€ [a mOt logt 1¢ riéng, kbéc bigt voi Hinb-Ludt throng trén nbitu pheong dién. Nba lam lugtcé 16 d& obfn dinh ring du lo%a quan ching khong col vi¢c gian lau thué 1a mot viée nhuc ob& lam theong thn d6n dank du cia oga@di cé toi, ngudi buén léu kbéng bi khinh miét nh obitog gian phi khéc, Dy Ja tim-treng chuog, khong riéag tr cho mét quédc-gia Bao ca. Hiéo thoi, Vigt-Nam cé mOt ché-d6 dOc-lap v2 quan-thue, Tuy nbiée, vitiob-hink quéc.t&, khuynh-bwéag chung 1a cé sir lién minh va gidi tha nhéing sir tro ngai trong vide trao d3i hang hoa giita che quéc-gia. Dé 1a nbffog digo khoy€a cho trong Hi€o-Chirong La Havane nim 1947 hay theo théa.bi¢p tSog quét v8 chué.bitu va theng-mfi (G.A.T.T.). Hoo ofa, trong khu vie Bdng-Nam-A c6 nbiéu ludog de logo oéa ldo y-kita thach lap mgt thi-traéog chong, trong te vol kh6i cOag-ddng kinb-t@ Av-Chau. Vithé trong trong lai luat-1¢ quan.thné Vi¢t.Nam sé phai ebin nbida doh hedog cia cée khuyoh-bedng nd) trén. 156PHY BAN C LUAT HANG - HAI ee ‘Vigt-Nam c6 mot duyéa hai quan tr . ‘oug, dai ngét 1.900 chy sd, nfm tréo con dung tir Au sang A, va dag: ménb dank la « Bao.Leo trén bitn Thal- Binh-Daong ». VietNam 6 nhiau hai cing: Saigon, Naa-Trang, Ba-Ning, va ohut la Cam-Raah viradog: mo mang vA a ¢6 mt tworng.lai huy-bodog. Aah Mee ai CO mgt bilgi thivag-thoyta, chi 6 nhitag tau uyen abd, troog tAi chung I6i [0 ngan to, dage di tn khai théc d Mee g » daege dc quyén khai théc dayén Tiob trang nay cfing dé hitn ; gia non mgt thé-ky bi dd hg, vite voo thi bang bai do Phap dim obga, Nhirog lndt-I¢ v2 hang hii do Phép ban binb va ap dgng : — Ngbi-dioh ngay 21.12-1864 ban baoh nbiing di@u khoka che bo ludt cia Phap days 4p dyog cho xtr Nam-Ky, trong 46 66 bd Jugt Thwong-MBi, ma mot phao (quy2a I) néf va Inds baag bal; — ¢Hita-chueng hang-bai thire dio » (charle de 1a Navigation Coloniale) qal-dinh noi Sée-linh ngdy 21-12-1911 ban baahdo Nghi-dinh ngay 21-2. 1912 &a-diah quy-shé thong thayéa tai nhirag thudc dja va xu bho-ho cia Phip, khéc hon Ja Algérie va Tunisle ; ahitag didu-kign v2 vige « phip béa» (franization) va ding-by nbitag tau bila 06 circling mgoai {ab-thd Phép, nbttag ditu-ki¢a v2 vigo ditu-khitn tau, thinh pha cia nhikng bd tham.mun va thiy-tbi doan ma pb3o wu.tién phai daoh cho nhitog ngwdi ¢6 quée-tich Phép, thage dia Phiép bay do Phip bio-bg. — Bgo-luét ngay 17-12-1926 qul-diah b4 luatve k¥-loge va biab-lugt cha hang-bai theong-thuy2o ; — Sfe-linh ngty 19-3.1927 qui-djab thi-tuc dia tra v8 vite dim (au, fau dung va moi bién c6 khéc ; — S&e-linh ngay 17-4-19/8 qui-diah nbé&og d&u bigu bidu-ki€n v8 ly.tich cba tau bitn ; ck ba bin vAo bay doge ban haob do Nghi-dinh ngay 8-8-1929 ; — Nght-dioh ngay 19-5-1942 qui-dinh ebng viéc lam tréo thu-bida: trich vu cha chi 120, cia thiy-thi, vin-d2 twong bdng, tir tuft ; — Sac.linb nghy 2-11-1931 qui-dinb bé Qaan-Thuf f0jt danh m$t Thién (Thien thir 7) 42 n6i v2 ay 1au-thong hang bil, obdo mgoh vé khia canb thoé kbéa, va vé duyéo bAi bang v4n (cabotage) ; 157— Dao-lugt ngay 2-4-1936 vé van {ai theo ch€-49 thi-héa.deo ban banh do Ngbi-dinh ngay 18-5.1936. Dai dé, day 1a ohirogladt-lé ciu-bin bang bai Vi¢t-Nam, dire duy tri sau ogay Viet-Nam thao hdi cbi-quyéa vao nam 1954, Ed 1) Véldu bién: Trong-tam chi phdi cia ede digu lugt ke trén Ja tau biéo, vi tau bid la phaong-ti¢n chaoh cia sinb-boat haog bai ; hoc.thuy€t dinh-nghia tau biéo, cn ett vo dung dich : taubiln duge ding d2 thc bién mot baoh-vi thuong- rea bio cd nén dung-dich cia tau biéa labaj trinb. Vay bdi trinb tréo bit ca la titu-chn8a xac dinh tau bidn va dé phan bi¢t tau biéa voi ohitog logi khac- Ngoai ra, tau bia duge ddng-héa vdi mot cé-nhan, cé quéc-tich, danb fanh, cir chang, va obikng vin-ki¢o haob-chéob xéc nbdo ly lich cia pg: van- to Viet-Nam héa, (‘rede day lA Padp béa) tire 1d vio kiga chdoh yéu ve quy@n sd-bitu va quéc-tich; ban danh-sich thdy-thd doan ; gidy phép Jou thong, quyéa sd thong-thoyéo (carnet de bord) ; chitng-chi duge kitm- soat hop 1¢ va tng-dung cho vi¢c luu théng, va ban ké kbai tinh trang d&og-ky dé dung. Tau bita chang obitng 1a phwong-lién ch4nb cia hoat-dong hang bai, ma cda la mt Mi-san quan trong, nheng theo ph4p-ché hin banb, tau bién khong dugc x€p vao bang bat dong-sin, ma Ia fai-sin dang-ky, khong do 1ujt I¢ v@ d6ng-sin chi phdi, Su ding-ky khéog phal chila mét thé-thee baoh-chaob, nho@ troéng-bgp cdc xe ty-dong, ma cd mot gid-tri phdp-ly riéng biét ; do 46, vite mua bdn tau bio cing nhuy quy&a sé-hiu lién b¢ phii duge cong b& nbw trong van-d2 bit dong-sin. Nhbd ay cong bS nay, ché-d6 bdo-ching di vat c6 th? 4p dung cho tau Dito, sy dé-daong thu bida co the tS.chite ober adi voi bit ¢Ong-sin, si dé. dong ban cho chi ng quyén bao-leu ad vat cdm thé d? bio dim mén ng, quyén duge tri ng wa tién va quyén truy-liy. BO lugt Thuong-Mai co dq liga nbftng mén ng c6 wu quyéo degc tré vu tien hon ng dé dong, tren ehige tho, tréa thay ce cia chuyéo di di lam phat sinh mén ng ed wa qny@n, nby 40 phi trong vi¢c phat mii chiés tau, tbu€ do trong lugng, thoé b&a, tite tri cho boa-ti¢u, 1¢ phi gingifr tau biga ti Iie vao hai cing sau cling V.V,.. Tan bineting 6 th? bi sai.¢p bio-toan ma bau qué 1a lam chide tau bat dong trong bln d8 cho chi ng dem phét mai sau khi duge chirng thw sai-dp ehfip-banb, 158Su sai-dp chp banb, khong tht ip dyng cho tau sfp rai b€a hode dang di ebuyta, dage thie hién theo thé tu: 4p duog cho vite phat mii bit doog- sin; link truy8n cho thoy8n-triréng, vi-bfag sai-ap, vite ban d&u gid va sau cong phan chia tita ban cho chi ng, % 41) Vé thayéa chit, thugin-tradng. Chung quanb chitc tau bién, mot s6 ogwdi quan-tbiét toi sy mao sink trong sir +o (i bang-bdi gdm co thuy8a ebi, thuy&n tradng, va mot 8d dal ly trén bd eda thuy8a chi cung cp dich vucho kbéch bang, da lém kbi phon danb miob, obwng thye sy hand-d60g cho thuyéa chi. Thayén tréng 12 nbn vat ding ché ¥ bon hét, vA 614 shin phkm dio bigt cia lugs hang hai, Trade hét thoyta iredog la chi cba xa-bgl nhd sdog trén tau, thuyn tragag dong vai trd bd lai d61véi nbitng viéo sanb, tir, thay thé chudng-kh6, dé thaa ohn obifng chic-th, va la thim-vdo-vitm m& cudc ditu-tra vé trong {Oi va khinh tOi xdy ra trén tau. Thuy@n tradng cé quyta hai dae bidt d& gid ky-luge tréa tag, da trong dung ngwdi va v3t, vA sit-dung cdc quytn Ky 460i voi thuy-thi dots clang nhe déi véi hanb.kbdch. Thuy&o tradng 1a nbas-vién tin obi¢m cia thuy@n chi, tuyéa dung hodc bd tuc thuy.tha doadp, than nbfo haog béa va c&p phat bitn lai, eho kitu-sodl chiéc tau, lao moi viéc chuda bi chuya di hodc lam cho chuyén di cé bigu qua, Chinb thuy&n traéng thay mit thuyén chi trode tung dinh, va oban danh miah d? hét logo, trai vi nguyén-t&c khong duge dai-quyan t6-luog. Thuy&n cbii 6 thé ty kbai théc My chige t4u bogc cho ngwéi khéc trang bi chuyén ché, ¢6 quyén bé thu va thily cade cho chi ng d2 glai traeb, miga Ja khong 06 tr minh két wéc, Thuyen trudng trong kbi di8a kbita chié: tao cé gaya lam mot banh- vi clin thiée, di 6 gay thi¢e-hei cho hang héa, cho chiéc tan, nbe viet bé hang héa xa6ng bite, vit bd mot s6 pbu ting cia chiéc tho, tz d4oh afm (an, di gay thém phi (6a, nba bé neo, roi muc tigu dem [gi ich Toi chung trong tring hyp nguy biéo, Nh&tog ehi¢e hei k2 tréo goi la tales bai chung, ya do thuyéo chi, ngwai cba bang chung chic. Cio duong sir cd the tiéa lien trong hyp nay vb via dio obitng qui uée «York va Aavera » (Régles @York et d’Anvers) d@ fn dinb phan chung cbju cia minb, xm 159IN) V2 béo-hitm hang-hdi, B2 tréob nbéog rui ro cia moi bién c6 xay ra trén mst bika, thuyta eho chug nbe ngadi chayén eb& thang hay bio hiém tan va hang héa cia mio, Se bao-hitm haog-bai cd dic diém la c6 tinh c4ch bdi thrdng va dage chi ph&i do ba ngayén t&e : 1) et rdi ro bang-hhi phai gay tbiée bai cho ngwéi dirye bdo-hidm ; 2) tin bdi thrvog khong thé cao bon tri gid thiét hei 4% gay ra ; 3) aw thi¢t-bai khong th® d&n bdi hai lan do hai b3o-hitm khéc nhau, IV) V2 nghiavu cu trg trén mit btn: Cuge mera sind trén mgt bita lam phét siab truy@o-th6ng phai cru tre lin uhau, va oghia-vy cin wot sank mang cia ké khic dugc ché-tai bing binb pbgt blob-sx d6i vol thoy@o trudéng, da c6 gay ra viée dung tau hay khOog. Ngoi ra chiéc tao etra nguy cd dirge quyén doi thi lao. V) VE viée dung tau : Trafog-hyp thrgng lam xdy ra nhite tranh chip, la thin quy&n cia Tda-da dd xét xir vu dung tau. Theo nguyén thc, c6 3 Tda dn thim quytn : Toaeda bi don, Téa-do noi xay ra tai nga (tat nhiéo phai xy ra trong bai- pbén quéc-gia) va Tda-4n noi Sa odu cia mOt trong bai chite tan N@m san kbi xhy ra tai ogo. Clog cia aéa thém vao d6 Tda-4n nol chic tau bi sal Sp Dan sao, vio dé thim-quyén phai diye quy€t-dinh do mt hOi-nghj quée-1& nbu bOij.nghi Broxelles ogay 10.5-1952. V1) Vite v@n tdi hang hai: CAe sy qui djab kB treo cda Inat hang bai vé tac bita, quy%n Igi, trich ve cia thuy&n chi, thuy8a tradng va thdy-thii doan chira c6 co hOl dag: Ap-doog tréo cage t2. Van d2 6 thm quan trong d&c-biét cho Viet-Nam higo tai la videebuyén chd bing during bids theo téi-béa-don dig: dag litu oct dao lujt ngty 24-1936. Vi nbu cin mé mang xir sd, vi nbu c&a chiga traob, mgt hoat-dong hang bai b€t arc quan trong d8 dem hang nda dEa Vitt-Nam tz0 ra obi@a trank chip lién quan déa sy 4p dung khé.wéc v§o thi, va bia hée nhfog va ki¢n theoog-mii do Toa-4n thu ly déu thud: wé logi eréa, Do dé, viin-d8 chayém ché haog hoa diag duge die bit leu tam. Deo lage ngay 2.4-1936 phét siak nol hOl-nghi quéc.té Braxelles nim 1924 ean kbi Anb-qu6e tht bei trong viéc qui dioh mot tai-héa-dea kita min do dao lugt mé@nh danh Ia aRégies dela Haye» dé chong lai dao luat Harter Act ngay 13-2-1893 eda MY ,kbéog chi phéi nbitng kb€-a6c thué troa chit 181, ma chi dp-daog ebo mr chuyéa cho hang hil trong giai dogo te ki ohga baag 160dwéi cia tryc cho déa khi giao baa; ig daGi oko trac va chi 4p dung cho vite eee oe ia a 46 thi-béa.don la eh€ 49 thong dung ; deo logt qui- lob aw c&p phat thi-bée.dop, trach-vg cia ngadi : rh t5. 31 bai thudag chige bai. tated Teas led oe TAi-béa-fon Va kh€-1éc chuyén chd, la vén-kién tén bidu mén hang, 06 meng ché ky cia thuy8n trrdng bay dei dién eda hang tau,va pbai ghi ehd mot a6 chi ti€t bAt bude oho dau hin, ad ki¢n hang, pham-lugng hoge trong cla bang-héa; ti-hoa-den ban cho ngudi chap bitu bop 1¢ van-ki¢n dy dirge quyén ddi bang, quyta nay la quy8n trive t€p va chuyén doe, Nguoi chuyén ché phai chin tréch-nhi¢m ohitng sr mit mat, be hao hang hoa trérkhi ching mioh duge ring céc su kién dé bit pgtdn: , 1) Ur mot 15i hang bai (faute nautiqve) eda thoy8n trrdng, thoy thd, hoa tiéu hay cdc thira sai; 2) tir mOt ha ti 4a nhc cha chiée tan ; 3) ttrabitog ly do thanh tzu mOt sy ngio obién hay mot travog hep bit kha kbdog; 4) tir mgt sx dinh cing hay déng cita bang; 5) tir mot ba ti bin chét eta hang héa, ba fi ciia hang hoa, ha tl eda bao bi, td nbting that thode ve kb6i cling nba vé trong lugng bang boa trong gidi haan dage théng 1 chdp nhgn ; 6) tir mot baah dong gidp 4% bay ciru vot tha kbic. Nhikng difn-thodn v8 tréch-nhi¢m che ngwéi choyénchd ¢6 tinh cich trat-cr cOng-cOog va moi ditu kho&a cha t&i-hoa-don yoi muctién.miva trich eho ngwél chuyén ch& hoge tam dio 16n tréch vadda ching dtu hodn toan vO bigu va v6 gid tri. Tuy nbiéo, ngogi trir trudvog bop gid tri hanghéa doce ké kbai trong tdi hoa doa, lo3t-l¢ cing gigi bea trich nbi¢m cia ngwéi chuyea ché déo mire t6i da 1a 10,0008 (theo dia 9 biép djah Bruzelles, giéi bea Ingt dinb nay 14 100 Anh kim vang) ; gi¢i hao logt djah eta biog taudage tinh theo ting kita bkng (colis) bay ting deni (anilé), vadanh tir may phil dage bidu 13 don vi trong lrgng bay doa-ri kbd! gbi trong thi-hda-don. Sy baa che trén day cé tinh céch that sy, khong pbai la mgt ngayéo thc ty le; ngwei bj thige bei co the ddi bai chirgng toi mize 156i da nay, dd cho ar thige hai chi Jam cho hod m&t mQt phan gid iri ma thol. Bb co thé dai bdi thudng thige bel ngrdi vbgn Mob bang hod pbai phat Bika moi dé d&t cla thiét bing vio ly. N6€u sir hu hao eétdabcdéch bitanhita 161ngdi nbéo hang phai phan khdng ngay, trong lic nhéo hang, hole trong han 3 ogay ofu sr bu bao khong dirgc bitu 16 ré rét. Qué théi ban Sy, hing hod dirge suy do4n di dure giao dung theo (lab trang ghi trong tdi-héa.doa trir khl c6 bing chirng tréi lei. Vi wach abtém nang n& cia ngydi chuyén ché, dite 8 dao lngt ngay 2.4.1936 dur ligu thoi tiga t§ quy2a doi bdi thudng la moet nd ke tir ngay giao hang. Trong trséng hyp hang héa bi m&t tron veo, thdi han khdi Iva ke tir pgay ma diing ly ra bang phai due giao. Tuy dao lugt ngay 2-4-1936 khong c6 dé cép dfn sir gidn doan thdi titu, dan lé chap nbdn lam ngoyéa do giéa doan thdj tién mot hand vi choi (6 bo&c mot su nbin nba tréch nbi¢m? sau khi bj gian doav, mot thdi tiéu khac sé kbd! lou, nbuog day 1a thei tieu 30 nam cha thudng lug’. Dao lust gay 2.4-1936 khong c6 dua ra mot quy the die Diet mao we thim quy%o, diga 10 quy chiéu vao mhitng nguyén téc dan sir (6 tung thong thudag, chi thém m6t tradog hyp ngoai lé, trao thim quyéa cho Téa-4n VietNam, néu bfn ohan hang boa nfor tréa Hiab thd Wiet-Nam, Trong tragog hop biog tau cé dai-ly hose thu-thds tai Viet-Nam, da 1é ch¥p nb§a ring hing tau duge khai t6 bgp lé 'a1 dia chi cia ogwoj dia.ly hay thu-thde. Nhifng dita Iudt ké trém, hurt la obitng ditu khodn cha BS Ludt Throng- Miicia Ph4p, phat sinh ti nhitng qui ph4p cé c4ch day gin ba thé ky, cé lim khi 13i thdi so voi sinh hogt cha thei dai. Do 46, mot dy banda dugc Téng BS Tu-Phdp thaab 14p di soa thio mot bo Ingt hang hal tan tiéa, edn cir vao abitng tap tuc quic-t6, mot 36 40 1é cé-dinh hofe mOtsd digu lugt cha cac bd lugt hang bai Dirc, Y, Noat, v.v... ab bd tic nbitog khoyét diém vA nbitng di8u-kho&da khong cdn byp thei nita, Cong tc di hoan thanb, va dé 14 d6i tirgng cia quy&n 1V cia BO Luge Thwong-Mai vira dye soan thao. 162CHUONG IX CANH-TAN NEN TU-PHAP VIRT.NAM 1.— QUAN-NIEM VAN-DE. Trong cuds cach-mgng x8-bol dang duge thire-hiéa trén dit neéc chirg ta, néa ta-phap Viét-Nam c6 th8 va phi dong moe vai-trd quy€t-djnh trong Mnb.vye tranb-thii nbao-tim. Mudo Sop pb&o hitu-hi¢u vdo cong eudc xay.dyng mot x-bOi moi, loai.trr tham-nhilng, curdng-bao dc.b& va Cong- sia len 18), dem Cong-Ly dén che ch dan-lanb, h¢-théng legtphap phai phan-inh ernog.thyc thob-treng x4-hoi, d4p-trng vol nguyén-vong ch4nb- ding cha dan-ching, hogag tin céa cOog-ddug quéc-gia dog nhip voi cong-ddng th€-gisi. Cac In@t-le d&t ra phai cXn-ctr trén siz cOng-bfing x8-hoi va th?-biéo §-chung cia 14p-th? qua mot ché.46 ty-do dan.chii. Gudog may 42 dp-dung lo3tl¢ pbai duge 1d-chize cho thich-hgp vA hoat-doog hiko.biéu 42 logt nude dege tén-trong nghiém-chiob, nhitog nban-vién tw-phép phi dirge thim.nbu&a ly.twéng phuc-vy cho dei.chting, ngbfia la cho quyén [gi quéc-gia va dan-toc, H¢-th6ng tu-phdp Vi¢t-Nam trong t8-ehtre bién tal, d& ehiu &ab-hedog sho roogctia Injt-phdp La-Tinb, v8 phiroog-d én ly-todng cling now v8 bo. thugt cfu-'go va gidi-thich lust-pbip, v8 pheong-dién t3-chirc gudng n dy tu-phép 461 voi nhigm-vy cia minh, Ke tr khi Vi¢tNam thao hdj toan bg chi-quy2n quéc gia voi mr triet- thodt quao-d$i viSa-chinb Podp va av gidl tan cic tda-da bdo-byp béi Hi¢p- Use Viet.P 4p ngay 169-1954 hau n&t cdc Iudt-l¢ cf dau dirge tdo.tai va duge ép-dyng truéc cde tha-Aa Vigt-Nam, Céc luat-l@ dy, da bac-baoh duéi thei Voa chia howe trong théi.ky Phép-tbugc, kéng bt ngcdo tir c4c nguy¢o-vong sdu-xa cia dan-ehing nén khong dage wr héu-thudn cia toan-dan, Ngwdi dan cé chm-tudng rliag cdc Ingtlé dit ra khéng phi a2 bio-vé ning quy2o-Iyi chanb.ddog cia bo, ma chi nb&m 48 traog-tri hofc a2 ciing-cd n&ao cal-tri cia ch6.d§ daong-tbel. XB-boi VietNam v60 d@ bi phfio-héa sau 1.000 nim 1g thodc Truog- Hoa va snét trong tbdi-ky déc-lap tri.vi boi cdc vua chia, lai bi phan-héa din totdo kbi ngwdi Podp, voi chéab.séch chia d& tri, dem ép-dung cho méi die-phirong mot bd luat riéog bigt, mic di dén-téc Vigt-Nam 1a mot dan.igc thudo.obSt cing chung mot ngén-ngt va ohitng phong-tus t$2.qué1, Sq ki¢o nay di lam kh6 khin khong ft cho vide 4p-dang log'-I¢ tretc cf: tda-4a, Céc vi thim-phdn khi thay 431 mOt quao-hat, pbal ip-dung céc lugt 1¢ khac nbav, néo abfog thiéu s6t va sai-lAm khé long tréoh kbdl, 163Cho dén nay sau mt (hdi-gian kh4 dai da tha hd! tron ven ché-quytn quéc-gia cz bo daa.luat va binb-lugt vin chara duge thog-nb&t, cdc Inat- phsp ban-hanb dwoi thdi Phép-thooe mac da di 135i thdi cfing chua hoaa.toan durge tu-chiob. Tb-chire gu3ng may tw-phép dia theo td.chtre hanh-chaoh di td ra khong sit voi thyer€ ve dign-tich cfing nbw vé dan 26, Tei mdi Quan, cb mOt toa hda-giki do Quén-Tragog Hanb-chénh kiém- nhi¢m chire-vy Toam-phdén hde.gidl, tsi méi Tinh, mot Toa Hba-Gidi Roog Quyén bode Se-Thim ; vA chnag eho ch 3 Phin voi dan s6 15 tri¢a ngroi chi cé 2 Toa Thagng-Thim. Mot val thi-dy didn-binb efing di ching minh kboyét diém (d-chée nh 48 noi trén. Tai céc Tinh Quang-Nam, Quang-Tin va Thj-X8 Da-Ning vol dan 26 tag cong 1.100.000 ngrai, chi c6 1 Tda So.Tbiw. Tai Tinh Quang. Ngfi dim 26 510.000 mgodi chi cé mot Toa Héa.Gidi ROng-Quyéa gdm vén- ven m6t vi Chdob-éo vira kiém-nbiém luon chire-va Bién-ly va Du-Thim wa m6t vi Thim-Phdn phy.ts. Vige td-chirc chic Tda-dn hoa.gial céc Qadn do mot Qudn-Tradng Hanh- kiém-nbi¢m chire-vu Thim-Pbéa hoa-gidl vita trai vGi ngayén-tée phan~ quy%n, vira té ra khong hira-bigu trong vide phuc.vu n@m cOng-ly. Thim- quy@n qué co-bep cha Toda nay cing nbhw trén thycié sx thiéu thi giv chim lo cong vite tw-phap cia céc wi Quga-Tradng, vita ibitu khi-ning ebuyén-mon, vira qué bin ron w2 cong vi¢e hanb-chinb, d& lam nan long ngwéi dan, mdi kbicé vu tranh tyag, phai di dén bang trim chy 96 de di biu kign tei Toa fo tinb. Trong mot dia phwong trong.d6i ano-ninb, voi cdo dréng giao-théng con sir-dgng duge thi cfing di la mot vin-d2 kbé khin, t6n kém thi gid wa tién bec cho tung-nhan, budng hd trong tinb-treng ma ‘Viét-Coog pb4-hogi xém lang clu cing dwdng s4. Kbi cé khéng-céo tén Toa Thwgng-ThAm thi lei cing pbire-tep hon nika: tuog-nhéin, nfo & mét tinh v8 cc Nam min Trang, phil di khong daéi 600 cAy 36 48 de mot phiéo Toa kbaag-tdo, Td-chire n&ng o& cba gudng my tu.ph4p ohe da trinh bay, 4% khién cho nogwéi dan chén ndn khong cén tin-tudng vao nén cOng-ly quéc-gia va be c6 cim-tadng ring n&o cong-l¥ 1a mot wu.déi chi danh riéng cho daén- ebiing efc d0.thi ; va d6 cing 1a mét ly-do d& cho mr tham-nbing, ép-biro cha cudeg-bho 4c-bé va ay tham-nb§p cia Cong-Sin dage Igng hanh & thén-qaé, Cac nbfe-vién te-ph4p dirge hudn-lnyén theo hé-théog phép-hoc La- Tinb thudog quan-uigm ring nhig¢m.vy cia ho chi 18 4p-dung ludt-l¢ 48 164trirag-tri nhitng k2 vi-phem, ty ¢6-lgp mink déng khung trong c4c « th4p pga», khéog tifp-xiic voi dan-ching bau bidu r5 nguygo-vong cia ho d8 06 thé cAn-nbfe sy vige va 4p-dung lndt-l¢ mot c4ch thich-diag. Quac-niém phi€n-di¢n fy ¢6 hai cho ngaéi gi nhi¢m-vy em efin cOng- ly noi riéng va cho nén tr-phap néi chong, mbit Ja trong giai-dogn hi¢n tel mh ta phii dvong-diu véi nbifag thi-doen tuyén-troyda xayén-tec va chia ré cia COng-Sin dé kéo dan-chung vé phia bo, Moi quyét-dioh b&p-t&p, moi vide xit-doda ma sv gial-thich lugt-phép qué chi.trong d€n van-lir, quén bin cAn obec sr viéc, hoan choh ben ngoai, sé la mOt dip d& cho d6i.phuong tnyén.truyén xnyén-ta:, Quan-olém phi€o~ digo pay 4% losi b4a mot nhi¢m.vu khéc kbOng kém phan cao qui, dé la nhiém-vu gido-dyc dan-chtiog. Thir hdi ai c6 di ki€o-thite, khd-ndog va uy- tin hon c4c yi thim-pb4n d@ thie hiéa nhi¢m-vy Ay ? I.— NHONG CAL-TS CAN PHAI THY'C-HIEN, Tioh-trang cia n&n tr-pbhip Viét-Nam nbw 44 duge trinh bay & trén la mot chuéng-ngai cho vite thyc-hién cudc céth-maog x8.bOi n€u khong diego kip thdi sita-chita va canb-tao. Mot a cdiedch su réag cin phdi dage thuc-biga va phuoog-diéo tu-chiob n&n phap-ché, cat-td gudog may tu. pbap lia quan-ri¢m pbye-vu thi n8n tu-phap méi c6 th hogt-dong biu-hi¢u, theo kip véi da t€o-triém cia x4-hdi méi va gép phan trong y6a vio vito chién.thdag xam-ling. Tdng BO Te-Phap khi bogch-dinb chong-triah boat.d$ng cho 2 nim 1967-1968 da dit ké-nogch khic.phue obirog khayét d.2m n¢u tréo, kbd di tao cho n&a tu-phip Viét-Nam ¢6 di ditu-ki¢a dé dép-trog voi nhitog 4d: boi cla cuge cdch-mang xd-bol dang dugc thire-hi¢n trong née cing dd theo kip trao Iu ti€n-hoa cila c6ng-ddng quoc-té, Chaong.trinh canh-tia dug: phac-hga trong edng-vin dé ngay 6-8-1966, cha Oog Ting Uy-Viéo Tw-Phdp duong-kim géi cho cac Tokm.Puan va toan- tb8 obao-viéa to-ph4p, nhdn-dip tru-chae Iinh trong-trach ditu-khita nn ta-phip quée-gia, «Chung ta quan-niém ring nbi¢m-vu thiéng.liéng cla Tda-én 1a béo ttn ti-do con ngwoi, dB khd-ning con ngedi dage phat-boy ding mirc, nhac. phim dige nang-cao, va d8 cho mbingwdi duye birdog day di oban-qay2o trong kbuba-kh@ tr9t-ty cOng-cOng, Iugt-phap va an-ninb qud:-gie, Moon 165dot thaah nbi¢m-vu bét src cao qui va eflog 1a cye ky kbd khin fy, Tda-én pbai bodn-todn vé-ta, va phii chim vio dgi-chang bing cach tifa glo dao, didés ngedi dan, thay vi tr cO-lap, dirog xa céch ddng-bao dang cho mong, hy-vong noi mét « Dong-nbét kba.4l ». Toa st dé vol ngirdi dan trong obirog cud: dieu tre, ly-kham trdng-s, trong abitog phi¢o xi lru-dong va trong mhikng dip ti€p-xitc, sé trong tim gay cho ngtdi dan y-thire v2 sur cBo.thi€t ton-trong ludt.phap d2 cing cS nto phép-tri, dit lugt-pb4p vi quyéa loi quéc.gia trén moi ép-lire ; cia COng-sin lea 1i, cia codag-bao dc-b& hode co khi cua mét chirc-trach dja phrong banb-déng aai-lim, Gay duge y-thire tén-trong phdp-lugt, teo dage tinh-thin hgp-ph4p trong dan-ching d2 logi ra khdi x8-bOi nhtrog t¢-doan (ham-nbiing dp-birc, Woog-hanb, thi ngbia 1a gi, n€u khong phéi 12 thyc-thi dan-cb& trong toan th? ddng bao ta gop phiin thiétigp mot can-bao, mot n&o tang vitng chic cho x5.hd1 trong-lai». Chwong-trich canh-'fo n&n te-ph4p Vitt-Nam cé thé tom tat trong kbaa- hi¢a «n@o ta-pb4p phuc-vu dan-ching» bing k€-hog:h « dem céng-ly dn @in dan», va obim vao ba muc-ti¢o chinb-yéu : 1) ThSng-rhét vd canh-tda ludt-phdp db thé-hida chi-quy8n quéde-gia, dodn-két dan-tOs thay th® nhiog luét-lé 141 thei biog nhitag lugt-i¢ phi. hop véi ban téab vi da tiSn-trita cia dan-tOo Vie'-Nam. 2) Cdi-tién guéng mdy lw-phap vé phueng-dién td.chire co-céa va nhan ay, 42 Ap.duog voi day di higu-nang mot n@o cOng-ly wi dan, cho din. 3) Mang céng-ly dén gan dan, dé phuye-vy thi€t-thye ddng-bio néng- thén va gay tlob-thda trong-phdép trong toin th? dam chéng, nung-dic tin- twéng noi chénb.ngbia quéc-gia. HL— KE-HOACH VA THOLGIAN THUC.HIEN CUQC CANH.TAN A.— Th6ng-nhét va canh-tén lugt-phdp : Cong cugc sogn-thao nhitng bd tudt moi dé théng-nhat va canb-tan lngt-phép 1a mOt vige phitc-lap ddi hdi nbi®u thi gio va wr tham-gie én. tuc cia nhirog lugt-gia d&y-dii khd-nfog va uy-!io, Mac da cac Uy-Ban sogn- thio céc bo lagt cho toan-quéc d& duge thanh-lgp tir lau, oheng céng vite ofa Us-Ban bi diab-tr¢, mgt phn vi thi€u phuong-tign hoat-doug, mot phan vi tlab.bioh bat an gay nén bdi cdc bi€n-choy&n chinh-tri trong nhitng Bim qua, Khae-pbuc e4c tre nggi nbd & sw cO-giing va [ga-tdm cia cdc bot. vién, nén cée Uy-Ban nay cilag di hodn.thaoh trong khodog cudi ném 1966 166ede b> Din-103t, Hinh-ludt, Din-sg va Throng-s¢ Té-iyng, vA Hinb-my t6- tung 1a nbikag bd lugt cin-baa cho n8a phip-ché quéc-gia. Ngoai ra, mot aS log'-l¢ cf cfing 4% dugc tu-chiah ho&e thay thé hyp véi tint-trang nwéc nba va hudog tia cba x8-hgi. Mae dd di darge boao-tMt, cdc bd logt nay, duge acg7.thio trong khi nwéc ta chwa cé mot dinb-ch€ r6 rét, cha ptai dage céi-tiéa cho phi-hgp véi cdc nguyén-t&c chi-dao ve th-ch6 tir-do dio. chi d& dage thiét-l¢o béi Hién-Phap méi dage ban-hanb. Nbim mue-dich fy, Téng BO Tu-Pbip, trong toh thita chi-tife, da thiét. lap mOt Uy-Ban ménb-danb }8 «Uy-Ban Ngbién-Ciro Lugt-Pb4p » voi nbi¢m- vu dayét lat va lam thdi sira ddi cac bOluat dé soga xong, dé ching nhbitog khong cé di8u-khodn nao trdi ngugs mA cdn thichirog vei tinb-thio bin Tan Hi€s-Ph4p va ti€p-tue cong viée cha cis Uy-Baa trade 1a sira.ddi che lugt-lé 131 thal. Ngoal viée didn-ch€, sita dd! Inét-lé ef, soga lndt-I¢ més, Uy.Ban nay 88 dan-trach ch vige canb.tan gong may tu-ph4p, du-thao chwong-triah hnffp.luygn thim-phin cong dén-ddc thaoh-tra céng cade budn-laygu fy. «Uy-Ban Ngbita-Ciru Luét-Phap » hog!.dong theo mt thét-khéa-bita di dage di-ligu ; te 1-4-1967 dén 31-12.1967 s@ hodu-thanh cong vige ditn- ché va sira-ddi luat-1¢ efi, d2 tre thaob « Truog-Tam Nghiéo.Cira Lagt-Phap » kB tir dia nim 1968 voi moe tm bogt-4Ong rdag lon hon, Tol nay Uy-Ban 4K dat dege két-qua obo eau : Tdng 26 vio-d8 trong 46 gdm mot hay nbitu der-Indt, dag Dy-Ban az nghi canb.cil la 120 (Titu-Ban Hinb-Lu3: 27, Tita-Ban Daa-Luat 39 va Tita. Ban Cong-Padp va Hanb-Ch4nb 54), Trung-Tam sé phu-trich ngbién-ciro che v&n d? phao.traoh phap-luat, phap-hoe déi-chi€u trén binh-di¢n quée-té, phim sira-d3i lugt-phép quée-nOi theo trio-lau tiga-béa chung, ma bia Hi€n-Phép Vidt.Nam Coog-Hoa gay 1-4-1967 di long-trong xac-nbdo che nguyén-tic trong pbitng ditu-kbodn sau day: Bika 2.— Qubc-gia cong nhén vA biodim nbirog qnyéa cda-bia cia moi céng-din. Qu6e.gia chi-trwong sy binh-ding gia cdo cOng-ddo kidng phdo bi¢t nam nif, t6n-giso, s&c-toc, daogephai. BSng-b’o Taoita aS dogo dhc-bi¢t nang 3 2 theo kip da ti€n-héa chung cia din-tdc. D.du 4, — VidteNam COng-Hoda chéng Iei chi-ngbia Cong-Sho dad moi binb.thic. Moi banh-vi ohm muc-dich toyéo-truyta bay thic-higa chi-pghia Cong-Sin déa bj efim ebi. 167Diéu 6,— Quds-gia ton-trong nbav-pham. Lujt-phdp bio.vé tu-do, sinh-mang, tiJ.skn va danb.de moi céng-d&o. Dita 7.— Qubc-gia tén-trong vk bao-vé quy@n an-toio c4-nhdo va quyn biga-hg. Diéa &,— Dwi tw, ob’ cira va the tio eda edng-dan phil duge t62.trong- Dida 9.— Qu6c.gia tdv.trong va bdo-dam quyéo tu-do Na-ngwiag, tr- do trayén-gido vi hanh dao cia moi céng-dda miéa 14 khong xam.pbam d€o quyn-loi quéc-gia, khéog phaong haf dén an.niob trét-te chag-cdog va khong tréi v61 thuain-phong mf-tye. Bika 10.~ Quéc-gia cdng nban quyéo tw-do gtdo-due. Diku 12,— Qudc-gia tdn-trong quy®n ty.do tu-twdng, ty-do ngbn-ludn, bio chi va xugt bho, mia la sy hab sir chic quy@n nay khoag phwong-hel déa danhed¢ caé-nhao, an-niah quéc.phdog hay thuda-phong mj-tue. Dita 13. Moi cong-dan déa cd qayén tu-do hdl-hop va 14p bol trong pham-vi luat-dinh. Moi céng-dan d@u cé quy@a bau-cir, dng-cir va tham-gia céng-va trén cXin-bin biah-d&ag theo di&a-ki¢n va tht-thirc lugt diob, Qn6c-gia tén-trong ce quy@a chinb-triciia mol cOng-dankéca quy&a tu- do thiah-uguyén, quy&a 45i-lgp céag khai bit bao-dong va hgp-phap. Dita 19.— Quée.gia eong-nbn va bio-dim quy&n tu-hiu. Dita 20. Quy%o t-do kinb-doank va canb tranh duge cong-nhén phang khOng dage haob sir d3 nim git doc-quyén, doc chiém hay thao tdng thi traéng. B.— Cai-tién gudng méy tu-phdp : C&o Iuat-1¢ méi dd hoan-bi dn dau, cing mat pbin hdu hiéo, o€u cde Tda-An ap-dung cac luat-le ky kbOng durge td-chire hop-l¥, cé day da phrong- tien d8 boat-dong, voi nbikng nbaa-viéa cé day da kha-niog va thim-nhula tinb.than pboc-vg. Céc Toa-An hi¢n nay thigu-thdo v2 moi phueng-diéo, ed vat-chat Jia tinb-thin, Tro-s5 eb4t hep, vatli¢u thi€u-thda, nban ad khiém.khuy€t khong 4d ot dép.trog vol cng vide, Thim.ph4a cing nbu nban.viéa phuc-ra tai cae Tda-An xa x6i it kh! nb§1 dage sr tham ving, dy.lao, doo-d&c va chi- gito cia cip trén; nhéng thiob-ngoyén hop ly it kbi dige cbu-§ va dage thanb-théa, tét cd nhGmg ay ki¢n dé di dnb-hidng dén 12-161 lam viéc cia 168ede Tda-An, dén sy tr-dong hd-so va tré nll trong céng-vy, ahitng ar lim 181 khong dige c&p théi stra.chita, hofe nbitog sx lem-dung kbéng kip thél phat-gidc va d6ipho, d& lam cho dan-ohing cé cim.tudog khoog t6t 461 voi n&a tu-phap, DA cai-thign tiab-trang trén, ngohi viéc thanb-théa cdc diga-ki¢a v4'. ch&t d8 Tda-Aa co dit phirong-ti¢n lam vige, nbwr viéc néi roog try-sd, bd thém nhan-vien, ting-crdng duog-cu xhi-m&nh, Téng BO Tu-Phdp 44 dac- bigt chi-trong dfn khia caoh cdi-‘i&m 12-161 lam vige cia edc ToaAn, va phd.biée trong nb&o.vién cae edp, quan-niém méi v8 nhiém.vy cia Toa-Aa va nban-vién tu-pb4p. De dat muc-dich trén, Tong-BO G4 thié:-lgp tir thang 9 nim 1966 mot «Uy-Ban CAi-cich Tu.Phap» co nhi¢m-vy nghiéa-ciru va d2-oghi céc biga- phap thich-irog d2 cdi-thi¢n t8-chire va di8u-haob céic ce.quan tu-pb4p trong nic, Cho d&n nay hoat-4o0g cia Uy-Ban da dat duge nbidu két-qua dang- KB; mot 96 d2ngbi 4% duce etto-trinh nhAm gidi-quy€t tinh-treog t-dong hd.s0 Ii cde Toa-Aa, noi roag tru-sd, ting-crdog nbao-viéo, Sn-dinb ky han nOp l¥-dodn cia lugt-su, ban-banb vao-ki¢n phap-ly v, v... Ngoai ra, dé th&t chat hé-th6ng te-ph4p tir trang-wong d€a dia-phaong, cdc phéi-doan thaoh-tra da dirge thanh-lap va hogt-doog tt thang 9-1966 ditng theo mOt lich-trinh 44 duge dy-liéu, 27 phal-doan thanh-tra ma (hab. phan gdm cé céc vi ToAa.Phén cao ep cia Tang BO, Téa Phé-An, Tham.Chfoh- Vigo, Toa Thugng-Toia va ToaAa Hanb-Chénob d& lan legt dn xem xét hogt-doog céa 30 Toa-An tinb. Céc phai-doaa thanb-tra binb.obi¢m trong tinb-th3n xfy-dyng, khoyzo- dy, déu-d&c va sira sai bon 14 sit-phat, Pbgm.vi thanb-tra gdm ton tht host-doog cha Tda-dn tir vide quda.tri En cong vite xét xi. Ngoal vie xem xét phn td-chirc co-ad va cish diu-binb Toa-An, cdc phai-dotn thanb-tra xem lu6a motsd bd-so bio, hd, ohttog trdog-hep cho tal-ngogi ho&e dinb-cou, va di-kiém mde wal phién xir, mot vai cudc ditu-tra dé c6 mOt nb§o-dinh xdc-dang v2 c42h xét xi cia cde Tda-do, Lam thdl, cde Thtm-PhSo thaah-tra aé thdo-lagn riéng voi che Thhu- Phan Tda-dn trong tinh-thitn chi dio Io ohau d? vi¢e xét xi dago them chu-déo v2 sw vigc cling ohw vé lugt.phip. 169Be pbd-cép quan-ni¢m v2 ohiém-vy moi cha nbAa-viém te-phdp va tda- 40, céc phil-dodn thaub-tra efiog danh thi gid tl€p sic véi cée nhfn-vién. toads, d8 gidl-ebich, buffe-du, vA pho dip, thu-nbga nhitng ¥-kifa cing nb nhétog thinb-ngoyén cé-nban. Ngoti ra cdc phai-doan thanh-tra cilug mo cae cuge tip xc vol dgi-di¢n ehfab-qay8n dia-phiong, Hoi-d3ng dan ct, than-hao nb4o-st trong tinh, a2 than dd da-lugn cia c43 giol d6i voi Toa-Aa va d6i vol tac-phong cia nhan- vién to-pb4p, va dé tim bitu nhitag nguyéa-vong, nbitng thicemic cla ddng. bao vw? nbitog vdn-de litn-hé déa Toa-Ao, ngs hau gay thém ay tin-twong noi n&n céog-l¥ va noi chinb-quy@n trung-wong. Tal cfc Trong-Tam cdi-hudo, c4c phdi-doan thanh-tra da Iwu.y xét c4c trevog-bop phem-nhén te-phap chia thaah 40, xem avr giam gilt 66 byp-phap bay kbOng, cd giam gil ritog bi¢t nit pbam-nohaa va vi-tbaob-niéa pbgm pb4p hay khong. K6t.quh ma cdc phéi-doda thanh-tra d& dat digs that v8 cing khichld Dikm thanb-lwa obat la vide si€t chat aw lién-lac trong hé.tidag tu-phap giita céc cfip, thé hin long Go-cia a.4i cha trang.woig ddi vél toa-da baab-nhiém & cdc noi xa x6), lam s6ag-160g tah twoog-than tuong-tr¢ dd DAng-cao va kieb.kbich tiah-tha phuc-vu cong-ly theo chi-truo ig +a dudag 18i méi, ma Hiéo.Phép Vitt.Nam COng-Hoa di vech ra trong ohitng didu khodp sau day: Bika 76.— Quy®o Ta-Phép doc.lép dirge dy-nbi¢m cho T6!-Cao Phép- Vigo va duge baoh-sir béi cic Thin-Pb4a xi an. ‘Mét dao-lodt s2 qui-diuh avr td-chire va ditu-hdah mgaoh iu-pb4p. Diku 78,— Thim-Paoda xit an va Tolm-Padn coog-t6 doy: phao-nbi¢n 15 ret e& 0d qui-ché ring biét. Thim-Phéa xi 4n quyét-dinh theo lwong-tam va phap-lugt digi sy kibm-sodt cia T5i-Cao Phap-Viéo. + Thm-Phan Cong-T6 theo doi sy 4p-duug luat-phép d2 bao-vé tréttor ebng.chog dadi sx 2 n-aodt cia BO Tu-Ph4p. Dita 81.— T6i-Cao Phap.Vitn ¢6 thim-quy@a gidi-thich Hié1-Phap, pbho quy& v8 tioh-cach hyp big2 hay b&t hyp-hi€n cia c&c dao-luat, sdc- luat, tiah-céch bgp hign va hyp-phap cia cac shc-!énh, oghi-dinb va quy&!- dinb baob-chénb. T5t cao PhSp.Vido o6 thim-quyén phan quySt vé vige gial tan mot chéah- ding c6 chi-treong va hanb-dOng chSag 191 chdoh-th® cong-boa. 170Dieu 83,— TSi cao Padp.Viéa o6 ogdo-shch tu.trj va cé quyéa lap quy 42 qu&n.tri ngaoh tu-pbap, BDiéu 84,— HQi-ddog Thim-Phéo cd mbi¢m-vu : — De-nghi bd-nhiem, thing-thudng, thuyéo-chuyén va chO taf v2 ky. logt cdc Thim-phan xir dn, — Cé-via Téi-Cao Phap-wién vé cic vdn-d2 lién-quan dén nganh tw-phép, HO1-Ddog Thim.Phén gdm ode Thim-Phén xt in do c4e Thim-Phéa xi 4n bau len, Biéu 85,— Phe-bigt Phap-Vita c6 tb3am-quyén trudt quy2a Tdag-ThSng, Phé Téng-Th6ng, Tob-Taong, cc Tdog BO Tradag, céc Thim-Phin Toi- Cao Phap-Viem va cic Gidm-Sét-Vign trong tréng-hgp can toi phan qu6c va cdc trong toi khac, Trong khuén khd chwong-triah cai-tiéa gudog may ta-pbip, cing néa k@ Ludo chi-traong ty-do-héa nganh chiéng-khé ma mot di-4nluat da dige sogn thio va dang duge nghién-cuu tai BO Ta-Phép. C.— Dem céng-ly dén gan dan: Véi c4c enge thanb-tra cic Téa-An liob, nén tu-pbip di dat duge mot buéc ti€n quan-trong trong vi¢e cbokn-bi dea céng-ly déa gin dao. Ciru-cdoh 1a nban-dan, tit cA cdc hoat.dgng cia nganh tu-phdp phal huéng v8 muc.titu xdy.dung nhin-din, gop phan tgo cho mdi ngwdi cing nho cOng.ddng mgt n&p abog, mét tinh-ebo, mot ly-trdng cain-ck tréo nhitng ngnyén-tic dan-chd, t-do, cOng-binh, trong khato-khd k¥-lngt quéc- gla duwéi sy che chdé cia lu3t.pbap. Trong giai-doan quyét-li¢t cua chi€n-tranh todn di¢n d& bio-vé doc-lap va ty-do, trong khi ta phai danh gid tirng te dat, tung ogwoi dae, nén cOng-ldc trén day, méu thyc-hi¢n ding mitc a€ 12 moet binb.thire chiép-diu ki€o-hiéu dé traoh-thi ob&a-tam. Nhitng ngvdi din & noi thén qué béo-l4nh, b4y lau nay vi thei cude phai s6og xa chSab-quy2n, di pbai chia Acb-huéng cia nhiing ax tuyéo- truyéo buydn-hode, cha nbitog thi-doan gian-tré, mi-dan, cada Cog-Sin eGing nha nbiog baob-vi phi-phap 4p birc cia ké ctrgng-hao dc.ba. Boi vay ké-boach ki€a-bigu ubirt d2 thyc-hién ehé-traong dem cdog-ly d&m gin dio 13 td-chite nhitng phién Tea leu-dong cia chc Toa Thuyng. Thiam va cac Toa-Aa tinh, ban dau ‘tai céc Qua, va a Jo tay tink-trang an.vinh dja-phwong, tei cic XG Ap. imVite td-chire cfc phién Toa lru-dong nhim phuc-vy thi€t-thirc da 36 dSng-bko, ngdo ogira tham-obiing, bal trir gian-dc bao-tan vA gay y-ni¢m dan-chi, tinb.thda irong pb4p trong toan-th? dan-ching, gay léng tin-trdog eda moi ngadi noi n2o cong-ly quéc-gia. BY det céc myc-tidn trén, cdc phién toa lea-dong duge td.chite mot céch gido-di dé dan-chiog quen lin véi khuag cioh Tda-éa Jd co-quan co nhi¢m.vy bao-vé quy@n-lgi, iai-sko va sinb-mgog cha ngwdi din, va d2 cong. tée phy tré tnanh mgt cOng-l4c lién-tuc phuc-vu cho dan-chung, Dia.didm xi 4n cha cdc Toa-dn xir lorn-dgng cfing duge ra chon va efnohie kf cing v2 didu-ki¢n dia-dw, nhan-via, gieo-thong, cot dé eéc Toa Thagog-Thim lam trdn nbiém-vy ma khOng gip obing khé khan lén Iso gay tre ngei cho viéc xét xit (Nha-Trang d6i voi Toa Thugog-Thim Hu€, CanTho va Balat déi voi Toa Thirgng-Thim Saigon), Re tir ngay 16-9-1986 vol phién x& lwu-ddog dau tiéa tei Quén Lopg- Bitn (Phuée-Tay) cho dén ngay 31-5-1967 da td3.chite dage 209 phién xir lwu-dng cho céc Tda.An tinh trong todn-quéc, 9 phién-xi lra.déng cho Toa Thugog-Thim Saigon (7 kbang-cdo tiu-bigh, 2 kbaéng-cdo dai-hinb) va 2 phién xir lwu-dgng cho Toa Thirgng-Thim Hof (1 khang-céo dei-binh mot kkbéog céo titu htob). Céc vide dem xét xit trong che phiéa Toa lru-dong 1a obitng vige gidn- dj v2 bioh, ho, bay dio-dja lién-quan d&n déi s6ng d3ng-bao tei dja-phucag. Céc vu ngayén-dea xin lén dn th€ vi hO-tjch duoc dic-b'¢t chu-troag dé giip 48ng-bho co gidy t&, giip tré emcé kbai-sanb di boc ma khdi mit nbidu thi gid t6n kém qué dang vi phai xé-dich tir lang mec xa x6i d&o tru-ad Toa-dn. Cie phién Toa leu-dog nity 43 thau lvgm duge nbitu ket qua tt dep. Bon c& mot t¥ du : Trong phién xir leu-dgng cia Toa-an Kién-Giang td.chire tai dio Phi-Quéc ngay 15-10-1966, mie di chi dg-diab ding duong 2 vu ti¥a bioh va ba vy xin Iéo dn thé vi khai-sanb, nbtng vi th€y ddng bao qua lwo tim d€o phién xir vA theo Idi thiah-céu cia dan ching, 0, Chéah-Aa 4 ehdp-thnén cho thu nbja ngay tei chd cic don xin lén 40 thé vi kbal-sanh ma tdng 36 lém toi 265 don, va di tuyén 4n ngay trong ngay hém ay cho uhifag don nfy. Hon thé nita, bodi chidu, lal cé6 mt sd ddng-bao vi hay biée cham tré, cng di d€n yéu-c¥a Tda-An xi thém mét phién nia vio ngiy hém sav {6-10-1966, va d& nap 135 doa xin Jén fn thé vi khai-sanb. ©, Chadob-An 48 chap thuga & lei thém mot nghy dé thoa min ogayéa-vong cia ddng-bho vA tuyén-sn day di 135 vy xin gify te bd-tich ndi trén. 172Mét phién-rir loa-dgng khdc cia Tda-Aa Ki€e-Héa td chire ngay 27-4. 1967 tal quia Ham-Long cach tinb-ly 161 15 ka ellng dem I¢l két-qod ngoal ay mong eGo, Toa chi diag davag 16 vy, nbwag khi 16] quga, d3ng-bho bay bi€t di ri nhan dés dy rit dang va co yéu clu téa nhdn ogay tei ehd cic don xin lén én thé vi khai-sanh, tit cd 161 85 don. Oag Chanh-Aa 48 chiip. thogo 1d: thiah-cita va da tuyéo, ngoai cée vy da &n-diob trae, 85 ban dn th€ vi kbai-sanh cho d3ng-bao. Mét vi dai-diéa hoi.d3ng dio-cir bang tiah, nbin dip nay di cho biét bin nay dong di lpi khé khin, mdi gia-dioh mouée lén tlah d€o tda-do xin 40 thé vi kbai-senb ft obft cling pbai ti¢u thn 161 800$ mdi ngay 40 udog va di-chuy8o. Nw v§y trong 101 vg tuyéa xd ngay hom fy téa-an 48 tit-ki¢m cho ddng-bio méc ching trén 80.000. N€u trong nhi¢m.vy xir-dodn, Thim-Phin 6 thd gép phan huéog-dan buréc tin cia x8-bOi bing cach gidi-thich A thi-banh ludt-lé sao cho via hyp véi phép-ly, vira thich tng voi nhu-ciu ti€n-irién chung cia ddi sng cOng-ddng, thi ngoai nbiém-vu dy ra, Thia.Phan Ja mot cén-bO cd nhiéu diga-ki¢o va kha-naing d® tham-gia d&e-lyo vaio cOog-cndc xfy-dung tinh- thio dén-ché, y-ni¢m trong phép, bing cach chi dio, pbd-bi€a qua nhitng onde tifp-xie, nbitng budi néi chuyén, cho din-ching bit r5 va obgn xét dang mire nbirog nguyén-t&c eAn-bio trong chdob-thé ty.do, nbitog quyén Jgi va bda-ph§n cia ngadi dan trong td.chirc quée-gia. Céng-'4c gido.dgc dan-ching la mOt céng-thc vd cing bé-trong, néu due thi-kanh dung méc va lién-tuc s€ giy mot dah-badng 1én lao trong dan.ching. Boi v3y bén 12 ede phién xi leu-dgng, Tdog BO Te-Phép efing di chi. thi cho céc vi Thim-Phéo td-chtte nbifing budi nd ehuyén triage hokec sau phita xi, v8 mOt d2-121 66 tinb-each gidi-thich céc vin-d8 phap.tuge throng thire bode céng-dan gido-duc va phd-bi€n trong daa-chung nhitog loai sich nhé « Toa d€n vei din » do Bé sogn-thio va Sn-banb. Cho dén nay BO da in xong v3 cho phd.b:én 10 1$p sdeh : 1) Céch thie xin chirng-thw vA an thé vi b§-tich, 2) fe digu c&n bi€t v8 he.tich, 3) Ta-phap bio-trg, 4) Uy-vidn bétich voi vind’ lpp kbaLeir, 5) Con ngogi hon, 6) Te-phap ly-ljeb, 7) Cim-nang cia ngwéi di hig, 8) Té-bé ngbfa-ducag, 1739) — Tai-nan Imu-théng, 10)— Ly than, ly bon. va sé tip.tuc aoga va Zo-hamh thém nbirog logi sich nay trong che vao-42 khde v3 ph4p-lugt thurong-thirc, Khbi phd-bién mt cudn séch va sau khida gidl-thich xong, cdc vi Tham- Ph4a cdn soan-thio ra mOt logt cda héi va cdc chu trA lot v8 vin.d? nen fréo, Sic-ti€n va gian di ph&n-pb4t cho dan-chiing glip cho ho higu thém va 48 nhé, Bén 18 ce phién xi, n€0 digv-kitn eho phép, cdc vi Du-Thim cing dwge chi-tbt md ngay tai dia-phuong nhitog cuéc digu.tra, thin-vin ve cdc va hinh: bdi cung nan-nhap, nhaén-chirng, bj can. Cong.tac nay gitp cho ngo-vban, nhan-chirog d3 tdn kém phaixé-djch d&n tru sé Tda-4n tinh, gay tin-twdng nol ngwdi dao 1a ho duge pbap.luét tan-tinh bao-vé, va gay titog dOi bio.4$ng ddi vol cdc phio-té mvu.toaa vi-pham 1u}t.l¢. KET LUAN Viée canh-t4n néa Tr-Phdp Viéc-Nam duge thire.thi bat dau tir thang 9/1966 didat degc nbiéu két-qua cu-th8 vA di gay dage abitu dnh-hedng d6j voi dan-chung, V6l céc cugc thanh-tra, ti€p-sic, voi cdc phiéo Toa Iro-dong, ngwei dan & thOa-qué cang thém vitng long tin tebng noi chioh-vghia quéc-gia, tin-twdng noi sy che ché eka phap-lugt, va cAng quy€tt4m leai-trir COug- shin xAm-ling d? bao-vé ddi sng, m4] nha, mich von, thira rudng cia ho, 174PHIEN XU’ LUU-DONG CUA TOA SO-THAM BINH-DINH tai PHU.CAT ngay 25-4-1967 PHIEN XU LUU-DONG CUA TOA HGRQ AN-GIANG tai Xa BINH - HOAGibi thich lugt-phép cho dan ching Quin AN-NHONCHU'ONG X PHAN.-TICH HIEN -PHAP Hién.Phép Vigt-Nam Céng-Hoda durge ban hinh nghy 1-4-1967 d& thay thé Uéc-phép tem thai di chi-phdi dét nude tir ngdy 19-6-1965. Hign-Phép di duge Quéc-Héi Lép-Hign dan ef nhém bop ti Saigon toan-théo vi biu-quyét. M@t chéoh-tht Céng-hda thOng-nhit dirgc thiét-lip v6i mt hlah-thite chénh-phii dung-hgp vira tBng-thOng-ché vira dai-nghj-ché, phin- doh tlah-trang ring bigt cba nuéc nha. T3ng-Théag durgc bau ra trong bés nim, oS quyta b8-nhigm Thi-Tuéng, va do d&-nghj cha Thi-Tuéng, bS-nhiém céc abén- vién Chéoh-Phi, khng ca phki cé sy tién-phong cla quéc-bdis Ngi-Céc chin tréch-ahiém trade Quéc-H9i va cd tht bj Igt d& do mét eugc bd thiim bat tn-nhiém. PHAN THU NHUT Phan-tich ting-churong L— Nhéng ditu-khodn cdn-ban. Nguyén-tée phin quy8a dugc xéc ob§n biog céch thidt-Igp céc mgiah ritng bitt Itp-phép, hinh-phép vh tu-pbip. NhGng digu-khodo c¥a-bkn ban-b3 sp binh-ding gitta céc cOng-dan khéng phan biét nam nf, t6n-gido, skc-téc hay ding phéi, DSng-bio thitu-s8 duge d¥c- bigtning dé dé theo kip da séng chung cha din-téc. Lugt quéc-t% dirgc céng- nbga, chi-nghta céng-sin bj dgt ra ngoai wang ph4p-lugt, vd moi hlah-thirc xim luorc déu bi chéng déi. IL.— Nghia-og Quy%a-Igi va b3a-phtn cla ngwéicéng-dan déu hda-hep véi kbuynb-hudag dan-ché tréa thé giéi, Sy truy-iSm, b&t bo. giam git, bio Tinh, quyta duye lugt-su biga-hé va duge xét xir cng khai vi mau chéng va quyfn due suy-doin I v6 toi d8a duge bio vé diy di. Qu8c-gia bio dim quyta ty-do tin-ngwSng va quéc-gia khéog thira nhgn mét tén-gito nio la qude- gifo. N&n giéo-duc co-bin cé tinb-céch cuSng-bich vA mita-phi. Ty-do tu-twong, ty-do ngén-lugn, béo-chi va xuat bin duge dinh cho dan-ching néu khéng cé gl tréi vei thufa-phong my-tyc, aavainh quécgia, v. va. 175Quyén ty.do nghigp-doan va quyén dinh-céng durge tén-trong. Quyén truat-hiru duge qui-djah. Néng-dan sé duge giip dé d cd rugng dit canh-tée. Céng-nhan 6 quyfa chon dgi-bitu tham-gia quan-trj xi-nghi¢p vé nhtrag véa-d? liga-quan dén lrong-bdng va di¢u-kién lim viée dung theo luat dinh. S8 quan-nhin bj han- ché vé vén-dé dée cir vio cic chire-vy céng vd sinh-hoat chinh-tri. Cae she-tée thidu 38 duege dic biét che chd. Moi sur han-ché céc quya céng-dan cin-bin phai do ludt qui-diah. HT— Lép-phap. Quyéa lap-phaép duge dy-ahiém cho Quéc-H6i g3m hai Vién. Dan-Bitu & Ha Nebj-Viga duge bau theo thé-thite don danh, con Nehi-Si & Thugrng- Nghj-Viéa duge bau theo tht-thire lién-danh da sd. Quée-H@i bitu-quyét ede ‘dao-lugt, phé-chuia cdc higp-uwée va higp-dinh qudc-t¢, quyét-dinh viée tuyén chigéa hay vige tuyén-bé tinh-trang chién-tranh, kigm-sost Chénh-Phi trong vige thi-hanh chénb-séch quéc-gia va quyét-dinh hep-thire-héa sy dac-c# cla che din-bifu va nghi-st. M&i Vian cia Quéc-Hoi kitm-sodt sy thi-hanh chanh-sich quéc-gia, cd quyén yéu cau Thi-Twéng hay céc nhan-vién chénh-phii ra trréc Vién dé trinh bay v8 céc vin-dé [ign-quan dén cic BO hay dén sr thi-hinh ehdnh-séch quéc- gia; Thwong-Nghj-Vién cé quy8o m& cugc diéu-tra vé sy thi-hanh chanh-séch quoe-gia; va Qudc-Hdi cé quytn bitu-quyét khuyén-céo thay thé toda-the Chénb-Phi. QuBe-HGi ed quytn bifu-quyét khuyén-céo, thay thé ting phan hay todn- thé chéah-phi voi da s8 2/3 tbng sS d&n-bife va nghi-st va néu TSng-Thong khurée-tir, Quée-H6i ¢6 quyto chung-quyét sy khuygn-céo véi da sd 3/4 tbng 38 dan-bidu va nghj-st. Dan-Bitu, Nghj-Si va Téng-Thdng dé-nghj céc dy-éa va dy-thio lust; ede dy-én va dy-thio ny phii duge d@ nap tei vin-phing Ha- Nghi-Vién. Trong moi tradng-hyp He-Nghi-Vign chip-thuan hoe béc b3, dy lugt ph&i duoc chuy8n sang v&a-phdng Thuyng-Nghi-Vién trong thei- han 3 ngay. Néu HasNghj-Vign chép-thugn va Thieong Nghj Vién d3ng quan itm thi dy lugt sé duege chuy8n sang TSng-Théng d& ban-hinh Néu He- Ngti-Vign béc b3 va Thugng-Ngbj-Vign ddng quan-ditm thi dy-lugt sé bj béc b3. Néu Thirgng-Ngbi-Vign khong ddng quan-diém, dy-luat doc gdi v8 vin-phdng Ha-Nghj-Vien, kém theo quyét-nghj cé vién-dan ly-do, Ha- Neghi-Vign c6 tht chung-quyét dy-luat voi da s8 2/3 tng s& dao-bitu. Néu “Hy-Ngbi-Vien kh6ng h6i di da s8 dy, quan ditm cia Thugng-Nghi-Viga coi 1761a chung-quyé. Thii gian thio-lugan duge Za-diah cho timg giai-doyn dy lugt di qua méi Vién. Cie dy-lugt duge Quée-H4i chip-thudn ph&i duge chuytn eang T3ng- ‘Théng trong théi-han 3 ngay ké tiép d® ban-hanh. Néu T3ng-Théng khéng ban-haoh trong théi-han 15 ngdy (7 ogay néu Qudc-Hdi tuy@a-bd cd tredvog"hgyp khao c&p), dyr-lutt duong-nhién thanh lugt. Trong thdi-ban ban-hich, T8ng-Théng 6 quyén yéu ciu Quée-hdi phiic-nghi toan-th? hay mgt phi di-luae va hodn tra dy luge vé viin-phdng Quéc-H@i véi t& théng-didp cé vitn dan ly do. Trong trrdng-hop nay, Quée-H@i sé hop khodng dai Iéng Vien d& bigu-quyét chip- thuan hay bic bé Iai yu céu phic-nghj véi da-s8 qué bén t8ng-s3 dan-biu va nghi-si. Trong trréng-hop Idi yéu citu phiic-nghi bi bac bd, dy-lugt duong-ahién thanh lugt va durge chuytn sang T8ag-Thong dé ban-hinh. Dy-thio ngan-séeh phai durge d@ ngp tei vin-phdng Hg-Nghi-Vién trade ngby 30 thang 9. Nhtog dé-nghj cdc khoan chi méi phai durge bi Jai bang ahGog d& nghj cdc khodn thu méi trong-duong. Ha-Nghi-Vio phi bitu-quyét dy-thio ngin-sich truée ngay 30 thing 11 va chuy2n bin via duge chip-thuén dén vin- phdng Thuyng-nghi-Vién chtm nhit Id nghy 1 thing 12. Thuorng-Ngbi-Viea phai itu quyét dy-thio trréc agay 31 thing 12. Néu Thurgng-Nghi-Vién yeu ciu Hg-Nghi-Vign phéc-nghj mét bay ohifu ditu khodn trong dy-thio, thi-tye qui- dinh traée day (d. 43) phai dugc ép-dyng. Néu dy-thao khéng duge chiép-thugn ngiy 31 théng 12, T8ng-Théng cé quy8n ky séc-luft cho thi-hanh ting phita ngdn- sich tuong-durang voi 1/12 ngin-sich thugc thi-khda trwéc cho dén khi Hg-Nghi- Vién chung quyét xong dy-thio ngan-séch. Hing nim, m&i Vigo hop hai lin ohm ngiy thir hai du tién trong thang tw vi thing mudi. MSi khéa hop khéng th8 lau qué 90 ngay. Hg-Nghi-Vién c6 thé trita-hen khéa-hop, néu cin, d& chung quyét dy-thio ngan séch, TSng-Théng hay 1/3 t5ng 98 dan-biéu hay nghi-sf cd tht yéu clu tridu-t¢p mét khéa hop bit thudng. Khi khéahgp do Téng-Théng yéu cau trigu-tap, nghi- trish khéa hop do Téng-Théng éa-dinh, IV.— Hanh-Phép Quy8a hanh-phép dirge dy-nhig@m cho TSng-Thing. Téng-Thong 6 quyn : a) Hoach-dioh chénh-sich quéc-gia b) Chi-toa Hgi-B8sg Téng-Trudng 177c) Cai tS toan bs hay mot phan chanh-phii, hoic ty ¥ hoie sau khi od Khusén-cdo cla Quée-Héi. d) Bé-nhiém cic Trogag-nhim sd ngoaigiao va Vién-Trudng cée Vien Dai-Hoc vdi sr chip thudn cla Thuong-Nghi-Vién. c) Thay mit Qudc-Gia trong viée giao-thigp véi ngogi-quéc. f) Ky két va sau khi duoc Quée-Héi phé-chuaa, ban-hinh ede hidp-wée va higp-dioh quéc-té. g) Ban-hanh céc dao-Lugt ; ban cée loai huy-chuong ; An-x4 vA 4n-gidm hioh- phat cée pham-phén. h) Ky s&c-lugt, tuyén-b8 tioh-trang khda-truong vv... cd th? dirgc quyét- dinh laisau khi Quéc-H6i duve trigu-t3p. i) Luu-nhiém mét s8 co-quan daa cir va bo-nhiém mét 88 tink-tredng trong Unh-trang chién-tranh khéng th? t8-chire blu ck duge, néu duge 2/3 t8ng s8 din- bitu vi ngbj-si chap-thugn. j) Chit-toa H8i-Bdng An-Nih Quée-gia. k) Gidi-nbiém cde co-quan dan ciy cite cdc tp-thé dia-phuoug trong trudag- hop vi-pham Hign-Phip v.v... Ong cir vidéo TBng-Théng va Pho T8ng-Théng cing ding chung mét lién- danh va duge cb-tri toan-quée bau lén. U'ng-cb-vien phii ed it nbdt 35 tdi tioh dn ngay bau ci, phai lign-tuc cu-ngy trén laoh-thd Viet-Nam it obat 10 nim, ké luén thdi-gian lu-vong ch4nb-trj va céng-can tai ngoai-quéc. Nhiém-ky T3ng-Th8ng vi Phé T8ng-Théng la 4 nim. Tng-Théng va Phé Téng-Théng, 6 thé dirge 4i-c mt lin. TSi-Cao Phap-Vién lap danh-sich deng-cir-vién, kan-sost tinh cénh hop thir cia cuge biu cirvh tuyéa-bé két-qui. Cic eng ci vién duoc hudng ding déu phyong tiga trong cudc vin dng tuyto ef. Nhiém ky eda Ting Thing va Phé TSng Th3ng co tht chim dit trrsc ky han vi mé@oh chung, tirchire, bj Bac-biét Phép-Vién truat quyén, bj béah t&t rim trong va kéo dai, duge 3/4 t8ng 8 dan bitu, va nghi sixéc nbinsau mot cuge giém dinh y-khoe day di, Néu nhi¢m-vy clia TSng-Thong chm ditt tréa mot nim truéc ky-han, Pho TBog-Thdng +8 dim nbigm chitc-vy Tdng-Théng trong thdi-hen khéng qué 3 thing dé t8-chire cugc biu cir tin TSng-Thong vd tin Phé TSng-Thong cho 178ahiga-ky moi, N&u nhigm-vy T3.g-Th8ng chim dit dudi mét na tneéc ky han, Phé TSag-Théng sé dim ahiém chire-vy T8ag-Thong dén hét nhi@m-by ngoai trir tredag-hyp Tbng-Tndog bj teudt quyfi Néu Pas Tdae Thong khéng tht dim-ohidm chire-vy T8ng-Théng. Cha-Tich Thugag-Nghi-Viea 82 dim- nhiém chérc-vy aby trong thyi-ban kh3og qui 3 thang. Nhigm-vy thye-thy duy-nhit cia Phd T8ng-thSng [a chi-toa bs Hgi- Ding Tu-Vio. Nguyén-tdc dia-phuong phan quy8n dugc céng nh§n cho cac tiah, thi-.dé- thj-xd va xa; tt cd cde thp-th® ndy déu cd nbfrag hgi-ddng dan-clr va ohGng ngwei chi-huy cée co-quan chép-hanh, Tuy-nhién Xa-Trudag c6 th® do Héi- Bong Xa bau lea. Chénh-Phi bé-nhiém hei vién-chirc dé phy-té vé an-ninh va hanh-chanh, ohitng ngwoi chi-huy cde co-quan chip-haoh cing nhfng nhén- viéo hanh-chSah khéc & dia-phuong. Nhu di néi tre day, TSag-Théag cd thE gidi-nhiém ede vién-chirc din ci & dia-phuong trong truéng-hgp vi-pham Hign-Phép, lugt-phép hay chanh-séch quéc-gia. V.— Tu-Phap. Quyn tw-phép déc-Igp duge dy-nhiém cho T3i-Cao Phap-Viéo, g&m 6 tir 9 dén 15 thim-phén do T8ng-Théog bé-nhigm trong mot nhiém-ky 6 nim, sau kbi duge Quéc-H6i tuy8n chon theo mét danh-sich 20 ngwéi do Thim-Phén-Doan, Céng-T8-Boan vi Luat-Su-Boan bau léa. Thim-Phin Téi-Cao Phép-Vién phai la nhGing Tham-Phén hay Lugt-Su da hinh-nghé {t nhat 10 n&m trong nghanh tw-phép. T8i-Cao Phép-Vién cd thim-quyéa : a) Gidi-thich Higa-Phép b) Phén-quyét v8 tinh-céch hgp-bign hay bit hop-higa cla céc dao-luat, sde-lugt ; tdnh-céch hgp hién va hgp-phap ciia cdc ske-léah, nghj-dioh va quyét- dinh hanh-chénh. c) Phén-quyét vé vide gidi-tén cdc chéoh dang chOng Iai chéoh-th® Cong- hda, (trong truong-hgp nay, céc dgi-di@a hanh-phdép vi lip-phdp cé thé tham- dy d® trinh bay quan-ditm). d) Phén-quyét v8 che vu thugng-t8 céc bin dn cia céc Tda-dn cp duci. Mogi Tds-dn cXp duéi va Thim-Phin x én duge dat dedi sy kitm- soét cla Téi-Cao Phép-Vign nhung Tham-Phén xir dn quyéi-diah theo lwong- tam va phip-lugt va chi 6 thé bi gidi-ahiém tong trrdng-hgp bit lye vé tinh-thin be¥e tht-chét, bi két dn, bay vi-pham ky-luft. Thim-Phén céng-tS duge dit duéi sy kitm sodt ca BO Tu-Phap. Tdi-Cao Phip-Viea cé ngin- séch ty-tri. 179Mot Héi-D8ag Thim-Phén, g3m céc Tham-Phin xi-én do Thim-Phén Doan biu len, dugc thigt-I¢p dB dé-nghj b3-nhiém. thing-thudog, thuyén-chuyén va ché-tai vé ky-lutt che Tham-Phéo xir-dn. Héi-d8ng cling cé nhigm-vy c6- vin Ti-Cao Phép-Vido vé cac vin-dé lién-quan dén oginh tu-pbép. Nh@ng nhigm-vy phu cha T3i-Cao Phép-Vién [3 : a) Chi-toa By¥c-Bigt Phip-Vién (thi-tuc truat-quyén) b) Chi-dinh ohaa-vién Gidém-Sét-Viéo. c) Bim wich vide kitm-ké tai-sin cla Chi-Tjch Gidm-Sét-Vida va cde Gidm-sét-Vien- d) Lap danh-sich trng-cir-vién Téng-Théng va Phé Téng-Théng, kiém- sodt Uoh-cée hep thie cia cuge bau cir va tuyén-bd két-qua. VI.—Nhéng djnh-ché dac-bigt? Hiéa-Phép thiét-Iép séu djnh-ché d¥c-biét : — Dic-Biet Phép-Vign, — Gidm-Sat-Vieo, — H6i-Béog Quan-Lyc, — H@i-Dbog Via-Héda Giéo-Dyc, — Hdi-DBng Kinh-Té Xé-H@i vi — Héi- DBng cic Sic-téc. Die-Bigt Phép-Vien do Chi-Tich Téi-Cao Phip-Vian gite Chire Chinh- Th3m va g3m 5 dao-bitu vi 5 nghi-si, c6 thim-quy8n trudt-quyta T3ag- Théng, Phd TSng-Thing, Thi-Tuéng, che TSng, Bé-Trdng, cic Thim- Phin Téi-Cao Phép-Viga va cée Gidm-Sét-Vién trong trudng-hgp can tdi phia- quée vi cic trong-t6i khéc. Sau khi bj trugt-quyta, bj-cen cé th? bj dura ra tda- 4n thuéng-tung xét-xt. Mét Giém-Sét-Vida gbm tir 9 déa 18 Gikm-Sét-Vién, 1/3 do Quée- Hi, 1/3 do Téng-Théng va 1/3 do Téi-Cao Phép-Vién chi-dinh, c6 day di thim-quyén vé moi hanh-vi tham-nbiing, ddu-co, bdi-mai quy€o-thé va moi hanh- vi khéc phuong hai dén quyén Igi céng cOng. H6i-B8ng Qufto-Lirc e8-vin T8ng-Théng vé cic vin-d? li@n.quan dén quan-hre, d¥c-biét 14 vige thing-thudng, thuyén-chuyén va trisng-phgt quéio nhén che cp, Ba H¢i-Bang thée do Phé Téng-Théng chi-toa, cd-vin chénh-phi vé céc ké-hogch, chuong-trinh va lugt-l@ nim trong pham-vi riéng bit cia H6i-DEng. Mét Han-Lim-Vitn quéc-gia sé duge thath lip. Mét phin be héi-vien cla m&i H6i-Ding do Téng-Théng chi-dinh, 2/3 cdn lai do cée higp-hdi va IS-chiére Tiga-hé chi-dioh. Nbiém-ky cha hégi-vién la 4 nim. 180VIL.— Chénk-dang v2 Dét-lap Cie Chénh-Bing vi sp dinh-eh¢-héa d%i-lgp chénh-tri duge thira-ohin, Quée-gia khuyén-khich vide tign toi ché-do luong-ding- VIII. Thi-tye tu-chinh Hién-Phap. Be-nghj tu-chinh Hign-Phép, cé vién din fy-do, 6 tht do Téng-Théng hay qué bin tng s& din-bitu bay qué bén tng 60 nghi-si dé nap tai véa-phdng Thuong-Nghi-Viéo. Sau khi mgt Uy-Ban luéog-Vién nghién-céu va thuyét-trinh trong ahGng phién hop khoing-dgi lw6ng-vién, quyét-dinh tu-chinh phai duge 2/3 t8ng 23 dan-bitu vi nghj-si chi‘p-thugns Téog-Théng ban-bich dgo lugt tu-chiob Hitn. Phép theo thi-tuc 43 dege qui-dinb- IX.— Pita khodn chayen tip Cae digu khodn chuyta tit dy phdng sy lign-tye cho ehdnb-quyte hiph-phap va tu-phép hign hGu cho dén khi thigt-lép eée co-ciu vi t8-chire che cude blu eis qui-dioh trong Hitn-Phép- Qu8e-Hoi din ck ngay 11-9-1966 da hank-si quyés I§p-phap hen- ché cho dé khi TEng-Théng va phé Téng-Théng diu tién nhtm chic, va tir dé Que-H@i sé dim-nhigm quy%n {3p-phip diah trong Hitn-Phép eho dén khi Quée-H@i phép-nhiém thir obit duoc trigu tép. Quéc-Hdi lam-théi s kikm-sodt cude blu cir Téag-Théog va Phé-T3ng- Th8ng phap-ahiém mét. Téag-Théag c6 th? bS-nhiémcde Tinh-Trrdng trong ohiém kydiu tien, Cugc bitu ct Tdng- Thong va Phé T3ng-Théng phii duge t8-chite chtm ohét 6 thing sau ngay ban-hanh Hign-Phép, Cudc biu-cir Quic-hdi, vige t8-chire Téi-Cao Phap-Vign va Gidm-Sét Vien phii duge thye hién trong voug 12 thing LE tir ogay TSng-Th8ng nhigm-ky mt nhim chirc. Tat ci cic co-céu khéc do Hiéa-Phép qui-dioh phai durge thiét-Igp trong vdng 2 nim ké tir ngly Qudc- H6i phap nhiém mét duce thanh lap. PHAN THU HAI Phin-tich céc d§cdiém 1.— Gido-Dge va Van-Héa. Hién-Phép dit Vin-Héa Gido-Duc vio hang quéc-sich. Ty-do giéo-dyc dugc céng-nhfia, va nén giéo-dyc co-bin cé tinh-céch cudng-bich va mién-phi ; nhirng ngudi cé khi-niing ma ft phong-tién s€ durge ning dé dé theodudi hgc-vén. 181Quée-Gia khuyén-thich va ning dd cic céng-dia trong viée nghién-citu va sing-téc ve khoa-hge, vin-hoc va nghé-thudt, Mét ngan-séch thich ding phai duge danh cho viée phat-trién via-héa gido-duc. Nén gido-duc dai-hoc duge twtr). Vien-Trrdng cée vida dai-hoc phai do TBng- Thong b3-nhigm voi sy chép-thu&a ela Thworag-Nghi-Viea, Hién-phép thiét-Iip mgt Hgi-Dbng Vaa-Hda Gido-Duc 06 ahiém-vu c8- vin Chanh-Phii soan-thao va thyrs-thi chanh-sich vin-héa gido-duc. Voi su chip- thuan cila Quéc-Héi, Hei-Déng Van-Hia Gido-Duc cé thé cb d , thuyet- triah trade Qude-Héi vé cdc vao-dé Lén-hé, va cd th® tham-gia #-kign kbi QuBc-H6i thio-ludn cde dy-lut lién-quan dén vin héa gido-duc. Mét Han lam Vian quéc gia sé duge thinh Igp. Nhiém-ky etia Hgi-B3ng Vin-Héa Gido-Duc a 4 nXm. Mot phin ba héi- vién do Téng-Théng (mi nhiém-ky cing la 4 nim) chi-dinh, hai phia ba h@i- vién do ede 18 chite vin héa gido duc cag va tu va céc hip héi phy huynh hoc sinh dé clr, Nhting chi tigt v8 sy 18 chire va diéu hinh Hdi D8ng Vin Héa Gido Dye sé do mét dgo lust qui-diah. 2.—Bdi séng kinh-t8 va x4-boi.— Moi céng-dan déu cé quy€n vacd b3n-phan lam vige va duge huéng thi-lao twong-xieng dé bio-dim cho ban than va gia-diah mét doi song hop voi nhan-pham. Quéc-gia cdng nhan va bio-dim quyfatu-hiu. Quyén ty-do kinh-doanh va canh- trah duoc céng nhan uhung khéng duge hanh-si dé ném gift déc-quytn hey thao-tdng thi-trrdng- Qudc-gia khuyén-khich va tan-tro- su hop-tic kinh-té c6 tanh- cdch tuong-tre. Quoc gia dic biét nang dénhtmng thank phan xa-hdi yéu kém vé kinh-té ; va Quiergia chi-truong nang cao déi séng nong dan va die biét gidp do nong-dan cé rugng dat canh tdc, Qude gia chi tnrong hitu sin héa ohan daa. S& hGu chi céc tai sin bj trust htku hay bj treng dung vi ly do céng ich phai due b&i throng nhanh chong va thda dang theo thdi gid. Quée-Gia sé nd-Iwe tgo céng viée im cho moi céng-dan, Quyén ty-do nghiép-doan va quytn dinh-céng dure tén-trong trong pham- viva the-thite lugt-dinh. Trén c¥a-bin bioh-daag gida nghie-ru va quyén gi, c6ng nhéncé quyfn chon dai-bitu tham gia quan-tri xi-nghiép, dic biét vé ahttog vén-dé lign-quan dén Iwong-b3ng va dizu-kién lam viée, theo tiéu-chuaa va th®- thir legt-dinh. 182Quée-Gia ad-hwe thitt-lap ché-d§ an-ninh xa-hoir Quéc-Gia cé nhi¢m-vy thigt-lap ché-d6 ctbu-try xé-h6i va y-t8 céng-cOng, va nang d& ddi sSng tinh-thin Yan vat-chit eda cée chitn-si quéc-gia, bao-tre vid dudng duc cic quéc-gia ngbia-té, Moi céng-din déu 6 aghTa-vy déng thué theo luét-dich. Hien-Php thiét-I8p mét H@i-B&ng Kinh-Té X3-H@i dé cd-van chaah-phi vi nhtng vao-dé kinh-té va X3-Hoi. Mot phin ba héi-vién cia Hoi-D&ng do Téng-Théag bé-nhiém ; hai pha bado céc tS-chire céng-k¥-nghé, throng-mai, cdc nghigp-doan, cée higp-hdi cé téah-cdch kinh-té va xi-hgi dE cb. Nhiém-ky cha H@i-B&ng la 4 nm. Mé6t daorlugt sé qui-diah sy t8-chire va digu-hanh cha Hgi-D8og- Véi sy chépthugn cla QuécHoi, Héi-Ding Kinh-Té X-H6i c6 th® ei dai-dién thuyét-trinh trudéc Quée-Hoi vé cac vén-d? Tign-hé, va c6 th tham-gie y-kign khi Quéc~Héi thio-luan cée dy uat kinh- t8 va xa-hdi. Giadioh duge céng nhdnla nén ting cla X8-H6i- Qudc-Gia khuyén-kbich va nang dé sy thanh lap gia-dinh, sin sé san-phy va hii nhiv Hén-nhén duge dit cSmban trén sy ung-thutin, sy bloh-dang va sy hyp-téc gifta vy va ching. Sy thugn nhét gia-dioh duge tan-tre 3.— Cdc Sée-tgc thigu-s6.— Quyén ty-do tin-nguéng, ty-do truyén giéo va hank-dao duge tén-trong va bio-dim mién 1a kh6ng xam-pham déa quytn-Igi quée-gia, va khong phwong-hgi dén an-pinh, trat tir céng cong va khéng trai véi thudn phong mf-tuc. Quéc-gia vé-tu déi voi sy khat tri8n cdc tén gido va khong cé mgt téngido nao duge thira-nbin 18 quéc gido- Sy hign-hGu cia cée she-tée thi’u s8 trong cong ding Viét-Nam duge céng-ahan. Quéc-H6i tén trong phong-tyc, 1§p-quén cia déng-bio thitu-s5. Cac Tda-dn phong-tuc sé duge thiét-lgp dé xét xi mot sB cdc vy dn phong-tye gitra cic d8ng-bio thigu s8. Mét dao-luit sé qui-dinh nhGng quyéa- Igi d&c biét dé ning d& d8ng-bao thitu sé. Higa-Phép thi@t lip mgt Hoi-Dng cée Sac-téc, dai digo céc sie-téc thieu sO séng trén lanh-tt § Viet-Nom. H6i-Déng c6 obiém-vy cd-vén chanh-phir vé céc vin dé ligo-quan dén d&ng-bao thidu s. Véi ny chip thujn cla Quée Hai, Hei BEng cd the cir dai-dign thuyét-trinh treée Quéc-Hgi ve cdc vin-dé lién-be, 183H¢i-Ddng co thé them gia y kién truréc khi cde dy luat lién quan dén déng-bao thidu-s8 durge dira ra thio luda. Mét phn ba hoi vién sé do T&ng-Thong chi dinh, hai phn ba héi vign do che Sic toe Thidu S$ bau ra. nhiém ky cia Hei- Dbng 13 4 nm; mét dao ludt sé quy dioh sir t8 chite va diu haoh cha Hoi-Dong, 4.— Hanh-Chénh dja-phurorng, Higs-Phép tuyén"b8 nguyén-tde dia-phurorag phn quyén cho cdc x4, tinh, thj-x3 va thi-dé. Trong mBi tfp th? nay, phiicé mt H¢i-DSng daa ck, va mét ngudi chi-huy co-quan chip high cilia tip tht, cling do dan cir, Bau ci theo Iéi déu phiéu tryc tiép va kin, riéng & cp xa. xf trrdng cd th do Hoi Dong Xa bau fen trong s8 céc hgi vién HGi Béng Xz Céc co quan quyé nghi vacde chi buy co quan chap hanb [a : © Cip Xa: Hei DBag Xa va Xi tredag © Cép Tinh : H@i B8ag Tiah va Tioh Trudag O Cip Thi-xa va Thi Bs: Hdi BSag Thi-Xa va Thi Tredog ; Hoi-Beng B6 Thinh vi Bé.Trudng. Chéoh Pha sé bS nhiém hai vién chire cé hiém vu phuté DS trudng, Thi Trwdng, Tinh Truong va x4 Trudng vé hanh chénb vi an ninh, cing cde nhan vin haoh chénh khac. Nhfn viéo céc h¢i d&g va céc ngudi chi huy co quan chép hanh cba tap thé dja-phuong cé tht bj Tong Théng giai ohi¢m trong tredng hep vipham Hién- phép, lugt phép quéc gia hay chimh sich qué gia. Mé6t dao ludt sé qui dja sy tS chic va ditu hanh nn hanh chéoh dia phuorng. 5 — Dao-Dirc trong chénh-gidi.— Danbitu, Nghi si hay nguéi hon phéi cha nhtng vj ndy khong th® tham dy nhtng cede déu thau hay ky hop dng voichéuh phi. Tng Thing, Phé TBng Théag, Thi-Tuéng va céc nban viéa Chanh phi khéng thé kiém ohiém mot chic vu nko thuge lich vee tw, di 6 thi lo hey khdng. Ngudi hon phii cba cée vi trén day khéog durge tham dy céc cugc diu thiu hoge két wée voi chéah phi. Hita Phép thidt lap mot Gidm-sit-vien, cé agao sich tyr trj va cd quyén lap qui dé t3 chire ngi bd. Mét dao luét sé qui dinh sy t5-chire va ditu hanh Giim sit. 184Gidm-s4t-Viga cé thi guyfn thanh tra, kitm sodt, ditu tra nhin vién céc co quan céng quyén va tw nhén d8ng pham hay tdng pham ve moi hah vi tham nbiing, dau co, hdi mai quyén thé hoxe phirong hai dén quyén Igi quéc gia. Giém-Sét- Vign sé thim tra ké tofn déi v6i ede co-quan cng quyén vi hyp doanh, Gidm- Sat-Vien sé kitm ké ti sin cde nha vidacéc co quan cOng quyda ké c& TEng- Théng, Phd T8ng-Théng, Thi-Tuong, Chi-Tich Téi-Cao Phép-Viéo, Dan Bifu va Nghi-Si. Riéng déi voi Chi-Tich Gidm-Sat-Vien va ede gidm-sét-vien, vide kim ke tai sda s€ do T8i-Cao Phap-Vién dim tréch. Gidm-Sét-Viea 6 quytn dé nghi céc bign phép ché tai vé ky ludt déi vei ahgn-vién pham 18i hogc yéu edu truy (8 duong sy ra trade Tda én c6 thim quyén ; vA Gidm-Sét-Vien e6 quy8n céng bé két qui cuge ditu tra, Gidm-Sét- Vigo sé duge hwéng ohttng bio dim cin thiét dé thi-hinb nhiém vy. Gidém-Sét-Vien sé g8m tir 9 dén 18 gidm-sét-vién : 1/3 do Quée-Héis 1/3 do TBag-Théng vi 1/3 do T8i-Cao Phép-Vigo chi-dinh, 6.— Luft ngén-séch.— Chénh-Phi phi d@ nap dy-thio ngfn-sich tai vin.phdng Ha-Nghi-Vien true ngay 30 thing 9. Dan-Bitu va Nghi-Si 6 quytn dé-nghi cde kboan chi m6i nbung ding théi phai dé-ngbj cde kboan thu trong-dwoag: He-Nghi-Vido phai bitu-quyét dy-thio ngin-sich tnrde nghy 30 thing 11 va chuya bin-viio duoc chip thufa déo vio-phdng Thugng-Nghi-Vieo chim nhit Ta ogiy | thing 12. ‘Thurgng-Nghi-Vien phii bitu-quyZt dy-thio ogia-séch truéc ngay 31 thing 12. Néu Thagng-Nghi Vién khéng ding ¥ voi Ha-Nghi-Vigo v8 mét hay abiu digy khodo trong dy-thio ngan-s ch, dy-lugt phai dugc hoin vé vin-phing Ha- Ngbi-Vign trong thai-hen 3 ogiy ké tigp, kém theo quyét-nghi cé vién dan ly- do. Ha-Nghi-Viga cé quytn chung-quyét dy-lugt voi da s$ 213 t8ng s8 dan-bidu Néu Ha-Nghi-Vigo khéng h6i di da sé 2/3, quanrdiém cba Thuong NghiVien duge coi Ia chung quyét. Trong inrdng-hyp dy-thio nginvatch khong deve chung quyét nedy 31 theng 12, TSng-Thdng cé quyéa kf sfc-lugt cho thi-hhoh ting phan nglo-séch tuong dwong voi 1/12 ngan-sich thugc ti-khod trade cho dén khi Ha-Ngbi-Vign chuog-quyét xong dy thio ngin-sich, 185,PHU-LUC HIEM . PHAP VIETNAM CONG-HOA BAN HANH NGAY 1.4-1967 CHUONG V TU -PHAP DIEU 76 1.— Quyta Tu-Phép déc-lip, durge iy-ohiém cho Ti-Cao Phép-Viéo vi duge hinh-xi b3i cde Thim-phin xi 4a, 2.— M@t dzo-lutt sé qui-dioh sy tS-chite vi ditu-binh aginh Tu-Phép. pitu 77 Moi Téa-sa dtu phi do mot dao-ludt thidt-lgp véi mgt thinh phia Thim- phén xir-an vi Thim-phin céng-t8 chuyén-nghiép; vi theo m6t thi-tue tén-trong quyta bign-b6. pitu 78 V— Thim-phin xir-in vi Thim-phin-cdng-td' dugc phin-nhiém 15 et va cd quy-ché ring biét. 2.— Thim-Phin xi Sn quyét-dioh theo lwong-tim vi phép-lugt diréi up kitm-soit cia TSi-Cao Phip-Vién. 3,— Thdm-Phin Céng-TS theo dai sir Sp-dung lugt-phip af bio-vé trtt- tu cOng-c$ng dudi suv kiém-soft cia B§ Tu-P hip. piu 79 Thim-phén xi n chi cd thé bi gidi-nhiém trong tradng bgp bj két én, vi- pham kj-lugt hay bit-lye vt tinh-thin bode the-chat. DIEU 80 1.— Téi-Cao Phip-Vida gim ti chin dén mudi im Thim-phio. Tai- Cao Phip-Vien do Quée-Héi tuyfs chon vi Téng-Théng bé-ahigm theo mat daah-sich ba moi ngudi do Thia-phin-doin, Céng-t-doln vk Ludt-nr-doia biu féo, 2.— Thim-phin T3i-Cao PhSp-Viéa phii la ohirng Thim-phin hay Lugt-se dg hich-oght ft obit mudi aim trong ngiah Tu-Phip. 1873,— Nhiém-ky cha Thim-phin Téi-Cao Phap-Vito [8 sau nam, 4.— Thinh-phin cit-tri thuge Thim-phin-doin, Céng-td-doin vi Luft- su-Dokn phii ding déu. 5.— Mét dao-lugt sé qui-dioh sy t8-chée va ditu hinh Téi-Cao Phdp-viéa DIEU 81 1. Téi-Cao Phép.Vién cé thim quyta giti thich Hita phép, phin quyée vt tinh cénh hgp hidn hay bit hop hitn cia cée dgo luft, sfc uit; tinh efch hep hit vi hgp phip ciia céc sfe-lénh, nghi-dinh va quyét-dink hanh-chéoh. 2.— T&i-Cao Phip-Vign c6 thim-quyta phin-quyét vé viée gidi-tin mét chénh-dang cé chi-treong vi hanh-ddng chdng lai chanh thé Cong-Haa. 3s— Trong nhGng trrdnag-hop ndy, Tdi-Cao Phép-Vién sé hop khoing dai tobn viéa, céc dai-diga L§p-phép hoic Hanh-phép cé thé tham-dy dé trink bay quan-diém- 4.— Nhing quyét-dioh cia Téi-Cao Phép-Vida tuyéa b8 mat dao-lugt bit hop hita heic gifi-tin mgt chinh-ding phii hai da da s8 ha phn tu tng 38 Thim-phin Téi-Cao Phép-Vign. DIEU 82 Téi-Cao Phép-Vitn cé thim-quytn phén-quy#t v8 céc vy thurgng-t8 che bin in chung thm. DIEU 83 T8i-Cao Phép-vign cé ngin-sich ty-tri vi cé quyta Igp-qui d& quia-tri nginh Tw-phip- DIEU 84 1. H@i-Dang Thim-phin cé nhigm-vy — Dé-ngbi b8-obitm, thiag-thwéng, thuyéa-chuyfa vi ché-thi ve kj- lugt céc Thi m-phéa xi-dn- — C8-Vin Téi-Cao Phép-Vién vé céc van-d? [ién-quan dén ngioh Tw-Phip: 2.— Héi-dSng Thim-Phin gim che Thie-Phin xix én do cic Thim- Phan xi dn bu lén- 3.— Mét dao-lugt sé qui-dinh sy té-chéc va ditu-hinh H¢i-Ddng Thim-phéa, 188CHUONG.TRINH HOAT-BONG eta TONG BO TU-PHAP TRONG NAM 1967 va 1968 MUC TIEU : Nhan-djnh ring xd-hOi VigtNam 44 a%t dirt ché.do phap-trj theo truyén-théng ty-do, din-chii thi hoat-déng cia nginh Tu-phép muén dép-irng voi nguyén-vong cla toan din, phai hréng v2 muc itu « Xay-dyng d&n-cha phdp-tr} » d& tgo digu-kién ph4p-ly cho mdi ngwdi, phat-huy dic kha-ning va gid-trj c4-nhin theo bude tlén chung cia cing-déng trong khudn khd kj- lugt quéc-gia, diréi sy che ché cla lujt-phip. ~er CHUONG-TRINH DE THYC-HIEN MYC-TIEU DE dat myc-tiéu trén, chyong-trinh cia Tong BO Tu-Phip nhim 3 A8i- trong kt sau: — Mét nén phap-ché méi 42 cham ditt tinh-trang phan-héa cha x3-h6i Viet- Nam va d@ thay thé nhirng Iudt-l¢ 181 thoi. — Mét guong may ts-phép tan-tién 42 dp-dung ludt-lé moi trong tink-thin binh-ding triréc phap-luat. — Ph8-bién siu rng lujt-phip trong dan-chiing d& giy tin-tudng noi Céng- Wy Quéegia va noi sy che-ché cla lujt-phép. Ba déi-twong vira kB: lugt-phép, dinh-ché va nhan-dan, sé drgc thye-hién ding lugt trong knuén kh3 chuong-trinh chung cla Chénh-Phi nhim kign-tao mot xd-hdi méi trén nén Ving céng-binh va din-chil. V6i nhiing phién Toda lru-dong, Céng-ly st dén gin dan tai ci: Quin, Xa nbi-tiép chwong-trinh binh-dinh néng-thén, gidp cho din-ching phin-bigt 16 rét gitta nhirng hanh-vi hyp-phip dure che-ché va nhimng hogt-dgng bit-hyp-phip sé bj trimng-trj. 1891.— THONG-NHAT VA CANH-TAN LUAT-PHAP A.— QUAN-NIEM Luat-phip phai duge thing-nhat va canh-tan dé th8-hién chi-quyén quéc-gia, doan-két dan-téc va tgo didu-kign phap-ly phitetrién xi-hoi moi. B.— KE-HOACH — Thanh-lip cic Uy-Ban soan-thio 5 b6 [vat cin-bin cho ntn phdp-ché Viet Nam : Hinh-ludt, Hinh-sy t6-tung, Dan-luat, Dan-sy t8-tyng, Lugt Theong- mai. — Soan thio lujt Ig khéc d2 siva d3i hoje thay thé luft I¢ ci khong cbn thich- hop véi hién-trang nuée nba va hiéng-tién cia xi-hdi VietNam. Trong cong vite nay, d gép nhjt nhirng sing-kign, thu lvom nhirng thicligu, BO sé = — td-chize cic cude hdi-thio giita cic Thim-phin, — thechise cdc bud dién-thuyét (mdi cdc luat-gia, thim-phdn trong nude, ngoii nuée thuyét-trinh vé nhi¢ng dé-tai luat-phip), — vase ahy sy y&m-try cia nhimg chuyén-vién ludt-phip. DA THYC HIEN : Di trinh Pha Ché-Tjch Uy-Ban Hanh-Phép Trung-U'ong d? chuytn Uy-Ban Lanh-Dao Quéc-Gia : — Babé lust (Hinh-luat, Hinh-sy t&tung, Dén-sy t6-tung), 2 56 luatcdn lai st hodn-thinh trong m@t ngay gin day. — Luft Sn-dinh méi twong-quan gifra ngwei chi va ngudi muon phé throng. mai hay ky-nghé. W-— CALTIEN GUONG-MAY TU-PHAP (tir cip Trung-U'ong, céc Toa-dn, dén che co-quan phy-td cdng-ly) A.— QUAN-NIEM Nhigm-vy engudi xi ngudin rit kh6 kbiin, é-nhj, doi héi mot mec vin-héa cao, mét hgce-lyc chuyén-mén, nhiéu kinh-nghiém va nhiéu dirc-tinh : sing.sudt, cvrong-nghi, vot v.v... Hon nia, Toa-dn phdi xét-xir mau le méi dio-vé dure hiu- higu quyén-lgi chinh-ding cla déng-bio, va trong vige gili-thich va 4p-dung lugt-phip, phai biét hong din buéc tién cia xi-hdi sao cho hyp véi trao-lru tién-héa chung. Gubng mdy tu-phap cin urge cii-tién vé phirong-dign t3-chirc cosedu va ve phirong-dign nhan-sy d2 the-hign dirgc mOt n¥n céng-ly vi dan, cho dan, B.— KE-HOACH a.— Té-chire eo-quan : 1) tqi co-quan trang-wong : — TO-chite [ai cc co-cdu trung-wong Bé Tu-Phip : thit-lap Nha Tong Quin- trj Tuw-phap va Nha-TSng Thanh-tra cdc Toa-in 48 ting-cudng va kitm-sost hogtdOng cic co-quan Tu-phip. 190— TB-chire So Tang-thy trung-rong vi So Théng-ké vé Hinh-sy, Dan-sy, Thuong-sw, 2) cde Téacdn : — Thlét-lép them Phong Hinh, Hé tai cdc Toa Thirgng-Thim Saigon va Hué, — Thiét-lap them Phong Dy-thim tai Téa So-thim Saigon. — Thiét-l4p Tba-4n cho nhi¢ng Tinh chira c6. — CH-43i mgt_s8 Toa Hoa-Gidi Rong-Quyén thinh Toa So-thim va Téa Hoa Gidi thinh Toa Hda-Gidi Réng-Quyén. — Nghién-ciru vige thiét-lap thém Toda Thegng-Tham tai cc noi cin-thiét (Phong-Dinh). — TS-chire cde Toa-dn Phong-tuc Throng. — Nehita-ciru lai vige t-chitc vi ditushanh cic ‘Tda-An Lao-Déng, Thiu-Nhi. 3) ede eo-quan phy-té Céng-ly : — Ctr Thira-phit-lai chinh-thire thay thé Thira-phit-lai tam-cl (Trong-Ty Cénh-sit Tinh hign dang kiém-nbigm chirc-vy Thira-phit-lai). b.— Nhan-sy — Ting-curvng nhin-s8 Thim-Phén, Lyc-sy v3 nban-vitn thira-binh 42 dip-tng v6i nhjp gia-ting cia nhu-ciu céng-vy tai céc Tap-dn. — Nghlen-ciru lal quy-ché cdc ngach : Thim-Phin, Chudng-Khé, Lyc-srr. — Thiét-lgp ngach Chanh Lyc-sy. — Xét lal quy-ché Hé-gid-vien, — Lap quy-ché Quin-tH Thanh-toin-vitn, Kitm-sost-vien ké-toan canh Toa Thieng-Thim (Commissaire aux Comptes), Giim-dinh-vién, Cung-théc- vio + tBechirc v8 agh8-nghitp, gla-nhgp chirc-vy, Ij-ludt, — Huda-luyén va tu-nghi¢p nhin-viéa te-phip cdc cSp. — Td-chire cée cuge héi-thio 4 thuyét-trin v8 nhigm-vy cia Téa dn va cia Thim-phan theo quan-ni¢m méi. ¢,— Biéu-hanh — Glin-dj-héa thi-tye hanh.chinh. — Sita dBi gid-bitu I¢-phi, hinh, ho. — Chinh-dén sd sich tgi Phong Lyc-sy. Mot Uy-ban Cii-céch Tu-Phap 43 direc thinh-lp do Nghi-djnh s6 875-. BTP/ND ngty 9-9-1966. NL— BEM CONG-LY BEN GAN DAN VA GAY TINH.THAN TRONG-PHAP TRONG DAN CHUNG. A.— QUAN-NIEM DE cing-c8 én din-chi phép-tri, Tda-in phai tit gin din, dén voi din, da & noi xa x6i nhim mye-dich : 191192 — Ngin ngira tham-nhiing, bai-tris cwdrng-hio c-bé ; — Phi-cipeéng-din gido-dyc ; — Giy tin-twéng noi sy che ché cia luit-phip. B.- KE-HOACH 1.— Té.chire ede phién-xir lwu-dgng : a) Te-chite ede phién-xit cia cdc Toa So-thdm va cdc Toa Hoa-Gidi Rong-Quyén : — Tdcchirc truée hét & Quin, ri tién toi X3, Ap Tan-sinh tity theo digu-kién aa- nich dia-phyong. — An-dink 16 rang lich-trinh tB-chirc (48 theo doi va kd&m-tra). — Xét xi ohing vy giin-dj vé hinh, ho hay 4i8a-dja Hén-hé trycetiép dén doi sing din ching ngu tai dia-phurong. b) Ta-chite cde phién xit eta cde Toa Thereng-Tham (tai Nha-Trang, Phong-Dink, DaLgt...) ©) Te-chite ede bubi ndi chayén (sau phién xit) : — Néi chuyén vé mat dé-tAi c6 tinh cich gidi-thich céc vin-dé phip-luat thdng- thire hoc céng-din giio-duc. — Chi din phip-luit. d) Kitm-sodt va chi ddn: — Kitm-soat va chi din cic cip hanh-chinh vé cich ghi chép va gin gitr cdc 33 b6 va cac thé-thire thi-hanh cic vin-kign tu-phdp. 2,— Ph6-bién lugt-le thuong.-thire : Soan-th3o va fa-hanh cfc cudn sich nhé néi vé céc vin-dé phap-lugt thirong- thise @8 cho phd-bién tai céc Tinh, Quin, X4, Ap trong toin quéc. — Chiéu béng, — Kich. 3.—Hudin-tuyén chuyén-mén: a) Hudn-nghitp : — Nbin.vien Hinh-Chanh Quin phy-tréch Tu-phip ; — Héi-ddng-xd (Uy-vitn hé-tich, cinh-sat ) — Nhigm-vy thira-phat-lai tal ndng-thén. b) Ta-nghitp : — M& lép tu-nghiép cho cic nhan-vién tw phép (Thim-phin, Lyc-sy, Tho-ky.) 4,— Thanh-tra: — TB-chire thanh-tea thudng-xuyén tir Trung-trong dén céc Tinh, Quan, X3, — Thiu-thép nguyta-vong cia dan ching. “peBAN BO vy-tri cAc TOA-AN TAI ViéT. 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NY" WOL Dy ONOHL- 3HCHUONG Vil: Hinh-sy t6-tung 1 — Sy di&n-tién ca mot vy an hinh 2 — Nhang thi-tyc dgc-biét CHUO'NG Vill : Dan-sy t6-tyng 1 — Ngudn-gde lugt té-tyng 2 — Thim-quyén cla céc co-quan tai-phén 3 — Thirtyc t6-tyng true che co-quan tai-phén Phy-Ban A : Luat Thuong-Mai VietNam Phy-Ban B : Lust Quan-Thué Phy-Ban C ; Luat Hang-Héi CHUONG IX : Canh-tin n&n Tu-Phip Vigt-Nam 1 — Quan-nigm vin-dé 2 — Nhing c&i-t8 cn phai thye-hign 3 = Ké+hoach va théi-gian thyc-hian cudc canh-tin CHUONG X : Phin-Tich Hign-Phip 1 — Phan-tich tang chong 2 = Phanstich céc die-diam PHY-LYUC 1 — Hién-Phép Vigt-Nam COng-Hda (Chuong V + Tu Phép) 2 = Chuong-trinh hoat-déng trong hai ndm 1967 va 1968 cia Ting BO Tu-Phép 3 — Ban-dd vi-tri cbc Tda-én Viet-Nam 4 — So-di td-chite BS Tu-Phap 5 — So-dd thechire chic Tda-6n ~~ Nbi in Hda-Chénb 16, Céng-Quynb, SAIGON 90 gl 98 105 105 107 119 143 157 163 163 165 166 75 175 16 167