Mopet Test Paper 5 (SOLVED) Part-I (30 Marks) (Answer all questions in this Part) QUESTION 1 Study the Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45 D/7 (Es 77-85 and Ns 81-91) and answer the following questions: (a) Give a six-figure grid-reading of: () The highest point (ii) The point where the cart track cuts the pack track SE of Chodungri. [2] (b) How is broken ground formed? What is it an indication of? PI (c) What is the difference between the flow of the rivers Sarod Nala and Sipu? [2] (4) What is the main mode of transport? Give a reason for your answer. 2] (€) Give two features of the river bed in 8382. What season does it indicate? 2) () Give two differences between the right bank and the left bank of river Sipu. [2] (@) What are the conventional signs at 839843 and 781833? 2} (h) What does ‘sheet rock’ in 8088 mean? PI () What is meant by scale? P} (ij) What is the drainage pattern in: 2} (i Grid square 9284 (ii) Grid square 9289. ANSWER (@ @ 831866 (i) 838863 {b) Broken ground is formed by intense gully erosion. It is an indication of seasonal rainfall. () Sarod Nala is a dry river, whereas Sipu River has a dry river bed with a perennial water channel. (d) The main mode of transport is animal- drawn carts. The presence of a large 145 number of cart tracks all over the map area indicates this. (e) River islands and rocks are found in the tiver bed. The dry summer season is indicated as there is little water in the river thus exposing the features in the bed. (9 (i) Right bank of the river has broken ground whereas the left bank has forested area or open jungles. (ii) The right bank has longer but fewer dry streams whereas the left bank has many more but shorter streams meeting it. (@ (i Triangulated Station (ii) Temple. (h) A bare exposed surface of rock. (i) Ascale is the ratio between map distance and ground distance. @) — @ 9284 (not in extract) (ii) 9289 (not in extract). QUESTION 2 On the outline map provided, mark and name: (a) The River Tsangpo 1] (b) The Pamir Knot ~ Ly (c) The plateau rich in mineral wealth [1 (d) Print ‘Hover an area which receives over 200 em of rain and name it By} (e) The large lagoon on the east coast [1] (f Mark and label the River Godavari [1] (g) Shade and label an area of limestone in India. fy (h) The capital of West Bengal 1 () 37°N latitude and 97°E longitude [1] @) With a bold line—the Satpuras fyCHOTA NAGPUR PLATEAU, (¢) CHILKA LAKE (LAGOON) (e) Map not to scale 146Part-II (50 Marks) (c) (i Chennai is located on the coast (Answer any five questions from this Part) which is why its climatic conditions are modified by the sea, whereas QUESTION 3 Lucknow is located far away from (a) Give two reasons to explain why there the sea. It experiences very hot are great variations in the climate of the summers and very cold winters, Indian subcontinent. PI or a continental type of climate. () (i) Name two states that are affected This means that Lucknow has a by ‘westerly disturbances’. very large range of temperature (i) What are these westerly and Chennai has a small range of disturbances? 12} temperature. () Explain the following: (i) Central Maharashtra lies on the (i) Chennai has a lower range of leeward side of the Western Ghats temperature than Lucknow. and therefore in the rain shadow (ii) Central Maharashtra has light rain. area of the Western Ghats, and so (iii) Shimla is colder than Delhi in receives only light rain. summer, BI (iii) Shimla is located at a much higher (d) Study the table given below and answer altitude than Delhi. Temperature the questions that follow: decreases with altitude, therefore Shimla is colder than Delhi. | STATION | MONTHS| J F M A M ifJ J A s oO N D Temp°C |12.5[15 [22 |32 37.2 | 39.8 | 36.9|33.2[28 [26.1/16.3|13.8 A Rain (cm)| 2.1 2.6 10{| 09 1.7 | 5.0 | 18.2 |18.6|16.2| 0.6| 0.4| 1.9 B Temp*C |23.6 | 24.6 | 26 29.6 | 32 33 | 33.3 | 32.3 | 30.7|29.3|28 |25.4 ; Rain (cm)|15 10 0.3| 0.2| 1.5| 4.6| 61|10.8 | 10.8 |20.3|16.8|20 (J Calculate the annual rainfall in (a) (i) The annual rainfall of Station A is Station A. 69.2 cm. (i) What is the annual range of temperature (i) The annual range of temperature of Station B is 9.7°C. (iii) The winds which bring rain to Station B is the NE monsoons or in Station B? (iii) Name the winds that bring most of the rainfall to Station B. State one reason for eet | the winter monsoons, because the ANSWER station receives most of its rain (a) Great variations in climate because: during October-January. ()) India extends over a large latitudinal extent. QUESTION 4 (i) Peninsular India is closer to the (a) State two differences between black soil sea, northern plains far away. and altuvial soil. 12] (ii) Direction of mountain ranges. (6) With reference to ‘laterite’ soil, answer (iv) Direction of winds. the following: (b) (i) Punjab, Western UP, Uttarakhand Jammu and Kashmir and Haryana. (ii) Westerly disturbances are tempera- ture depressions which originate over the Mediterranean Sea, and (iii) Name two areas where this type of come into India in winter, to bring soil is found. 3] rain to these states. (i) Is the soil transported or residual? (ii) Mention one reason to explain its unproductiveness. 147(c) How can soil get nitrogen? 2} (@) Explain the need for soil conservation in India. State two methods of soil conservation. 1} ANSWER (a) (i) Alluvial soil is a transported soil. deciduous forests. 2 Black soil is in situ or residual —_(¢) Give reasons to explain why forests ai soil. important. 3 (i) Black soil is fine grained, alluvial (a) i) Define the following: soil is coarse in the upper course/ 1. Afforestation. part, fine grained in the lower 2. Reafforestation. course of the river. (ii) Explain, why forest conservation (b) @ Laterite soil is residual soil. very necessary today. E (ii) Laterite soil lacks humus. = a . ANSWER Laterite soil is coarse-grained and - faa ek a et et (a) (i) Western Ghats, Andaman an marae aa Nicobar Islands. (ii) This type of soil is found on . are a the summits of the Eastern and UR eee EE Western Ghats and at the foothills ee eae (6) (@ Tropical deciduous forests are of the Eastern Himalayas. (i) Soil can acquire nitrogen by growing legumes like alfalfa and clover which transfer nitrogen from the air to the soil. (ii) Mixed cropping and a balanced use of manures and NPK fertilizers also provide nitrogen to the soil. (A) Soil is eroded due to various agents like running water, wind, deforestation, faulty methods of cultivation, as well as dumping of chemical and industrial waste all of which leads to degradation of the soil, Various methods and techniques are used to save the soil from degradation. This is called soil conservation. (c) () Various schemes have been implemented to control shifting agriculture. ) Scheme for the reclamation and development of saving areas in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. 148 QUESTION 5 (a) Name one region in India for each of t following: (i) Tropical evergreen forests. (i) Thorn and scrub forests. E (6) Mention two characteristics of tropi or bare or shed their leaves durin; the dry season for 6-8 weeks. (i) They are found in pure stands. (iii) They comprise hardwood. (iv) As they are more open and sunlight can penetrate through the floor, there is dense undergrowth. (c) Forests are important because: () They provide us with a variety of resources ~ timber, leaves and flowers, medicines, gums, dyes, lacs. (ii) Forests prevent global warming. (ii) They induce rainfall and precipitation. (iv) They provide homes for wild animals. (v) They check soil erosion. (a) Afforestation: Planting of new areas with tree cover, thus increasing area under forest cover is called afforestation. Reafforestation: The replanting of forests in areas which have been deforested is called reafforestation.JUESTION 6 (a) Canal irrigation is well developed in the northern plains in spite of its heavy expenses while being constructed. Why? 2] () Mention reasons to explain why the conservation of water is necessary. [2] (c) Mention three objectives of rainwater harvesting. 13] (d) With reference to the Damodar Valley Corporation answer the following questions: () Onwhich famous river valley project is it based? (i) What was the main purpose of its construction? (iii) Name any two districts served by it. Name also any two crops grown with the help of its waters. [3] ISWER (a) Canal irrigation is very well developed in the northern plains, in spite of its initial expenses because: @ The northern plains are very fertile and have high agricultural potential which makes canal construction worthwhile. (i) The northern plains also receive sufficient supplies of water for storage. (b) The conservation of water is necessary because of the limited availability of usable water. Dependance on the monsoons is not reliable. These monsoon rains are also unevenly distributed over the country. Large-scale pollution of both surface and groundwater is another reason. (c) Objectives of rainwater harvesting are to: () Meet the increasing demand for water; (ii) Reduce surface runoff; (ii) Raise the groundwater table by adding to groundwater reserves; (iv) Improve the quality of groundwater; 149 (v) Avoid flooding of roads; (vi) Reduce soil erosion; (vii) Supplement household requirement of water. (@) (i) The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). (ii) To control severe floods in the Domodar Valley. (ii) Hugli, Howrah, Bankura, Burdwan districts. Crops: Rice, jute, pulses, sugarcane. QUESTION 7 (@) Why is coal called ‘Black Gold’? [2] (b) What is the need for the conservation of coal? PI (¢) @ Mention two uses of manganese. (i) Name the two main belts in India where manganese is found. [3] (a) (i) What is bauxite? Mention two of its uses. (ii) Name two states where there are large reserves of the mineral in India. 13] ANSWER (a) Coal is called ‘black gold’ because of its high utility as a source of energy and as a raw material for a large number of industries. (b) Coal needs to be conserved because: ( It is an essential mineral required for the process of industrialisation. (ii) It is a non-renewable resource. (©) (i) Manganese use is used in: 1. Steel making 2. Cement making. (ii) It is found in the: 1. Nagpur-Bhandara belt of Maharashtra. 2. Balaghat-Chhindwara belt of Madhya Pradesh. (2) () Bauxite is an ore of aluminium. Aluminium is used in the manufacture of aircrafts, electric wires and utensils.(i) Large reserves of manganese are found in Jharkhand, Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. QUESTION 8 (a) Mention differences between subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture. P] (®) (i) What is a plantation crop? (i Name two plantation crops grown in India. (ii) Mention two characteristics of plantation farming. 3] (c) Where do coconut trees grow best? [2] (d) Explain why (i) Tea grows on hillslopes. (i Cotton grows on regur soil. Pulses are grown in rotation with wheat. 3] ANSWER _ (a) | Subsistence Commercial Agriculture Agriculture 1. This type of |1, The production | farming is in commercial meant to satisfy agriculture is the bare needs meant for the of the farmers. market. 2.Fields are |9. Agricultural small, therefore operations are agricultural generally done operations are carried out on a small scale. 3. The farming |3. practices are labour- oriented. on very large farms on a big scale. . The farming practices are machinised, i.e., they are capital- oriented. (») (i) A plantation crop is a money/ cash-earning crop, which is grown on a very large scale. The production, which resembles a factory production, requires a huge capital, and a very large labour force. It requires huge machines and follows scien’ cultivation. (ii) Tea, coffee and rubbe (i) large estates or & 3. It needs a large 4. Itresembles fact and large machi categories. 6. Production is (c) Coconut trees grow in are: temperature, i.e., 20°C - heavy rainfall, ie., 150 cm — coastal sandy alluvial soils. TE in the states of Kerala, Andhra Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. (i) Tea is grown on hill slopes it needs a lot of rain for its but it cannot stand/s stagnant water at its roots (ii) Regur is a water retentive This water is slowly releases plants during the bright, ripening period, when harmful for the crop. (iii) Pulses are generally nitroge plants which are grown in ro with wheat to replenish the nitrogen which has been draw by wheat. (a) QUESTION 9 (a) Give reasons to explain why Mumbai @ large number of cotton textile units? (b) What are the problems facing the = industry today? () Name any two centres of wool textile industry. (i) Why is the woollen indust concentrated mainly in northe India? (d) Why has the sugar industry shown tendency to shift southwards? E () 150ISWER Mumbai has a large number of cotton textile units because of the following factors: (i) The availability of raw materials from the nearby cotten-growing areas of the Deccan Plateau. (i) Mumbai enjoys a moist, bumid climate which is necessary so that the yarn does not break. Hydroelectric power is available from the numerous HEP plants along the Western Ghats. (iv) Transport facilities: Mumbai is well connected to the rest of India by numerous railways and roadways. (v) Cheap and plentiful labour is available from the densely populated Mumbai city. (vi) Mumbai being the financial capital of India, there is no dearth of capital from the large number of banks and other financial institutions. Port facilities are also easily available as Mumbai port is able to handle the import of machinery and export of cotton products. (b) The jute textile industry is faced by problems such as: (i) Shortage of raw materials as most of the jute-growing areas went to East Pakistan (Bangladesh) after partition whereas the jute mills stayed in India. (ii) Low demand for jute products. (iii) Tough competition from countries such as Bangladesh and Thailand. (iv) Competition from synthetic substitutes. (v) As it is an old industry, old inefficient machinery makes most of the jute producing units inefficient and uneconomic. (vi) Labour unrest and strikes have also affected the industry. 151 () @ Amritsar, Ludhiana, Dhariwai, ’ Kanpur, Delhi, Gwalior and Srinagar. (i) The woollen industry is concentrated in northern India because: 1. As India has a tropical climate, only northern India is cool during the winter months, so there is a great demand for winter clothes. 2. Sheep rearing is carried out in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. Hence, raw material is available. (@) The sugar industry has shown a tendency to shift southwards because. () The moist, maritime climate of peninsular India ensures better quality cane. (i) The sugar mills are closer to the fields. This prevents the loss of sugar content during transportation. (ii) The fields are larger and belong to the cooperative sector, which makes them more profitable. (iv) The sugar lobby of Maharashtra has large investments in the sugar industry and tries to get maximum returns. QUESTION 10 (a) Name two heavy engineering industries and give some products of each. [2] What does ISRO stand for? Where is it located? Mention one of its achievements. PI Mention the reasons why Jharkhand is a leader in the iron and steel industry. Name two plants located there. 13) Why is the electronic industry important today? (3) ) ©) (a)ANSWER (a) Two heavy engineering units of Jharkhand: () TELCO- for trucks and buses at Jamshedpur. (ii) Metre gauge diesel and electric locomotives at Jamshedpur. (b) ISRO is Indian Space Research Organi- zation. It is located in Bengaluru. It does research in space technology. (c) Jharkhand is a leader in the Iron and Steel Industry: (i) One of the country’s largest and first steel making units located at ‘Tatanagar/ Jamshedpur. (ii) Large amounts of minerals needed are available here: Coal: Jharia Iron Ore: Singhbhumn Limestone and Dolomit! Singhbhum Manganese: Noamundi ‘Two plants located in Jharkhand: Jamshedpur: Tata Iron and Steel Company. Bokaro: Bakaro Steel Plant. (d) The electronic industry is important today, because its products are used in different fields. It manufactures computers which are necessary in almost all fields. They help in the exploration of space and defence equipments; they help in diagnosing and treatment in the field of medicine; they help in speedy actions in the field of communications. QUESTION 11 (a) State which geographical region in India has the most network of rails and which regions have the least. Why? 2 (b) Name four factors that affect water transport. 2} () (i) What is a port? (i) Why was Haldia port constructed in spite of Kolkata port being so nearby? 8B we (4) (i) Name the international airports of the following cities: 1. Delhi 3. Kolkata 2, Mumbai 4. Chennai (ii) Mention factors which hamper development of air transport. [3] ANSWER (a) The northern plains have the highest density of railway network. The lowest density is in the northern mountainous region. The plains have the highest density because the flat level land, high density of population and rich agricultural potential provide the best conditions. The mountains of the north have few railways because of the steep slopes, thick forest cover, large number of rivers which need to be bridged; and low population. (b) Factors that affect water transport: (i) Regular flow or sufficient water. (ii) The presence of cataracts and waterfalls or sharp bends in the course of the river hinders development of waterways. (ii) Silting of the bed makes the bed of the river shallow and causes problems. (iv) The construction of dams and canals for irrigation reduces the volume of water in the rivers. (v) The waterway should be constructed only if there is sufficient demand for it; otherwise it would not be economically worthwhile. (c) (i) A port is a place on the sea coast where ships can anchor and from where goods and passengers are loaded and unloaded from ships. (i) Haldia port was constructed to lessen the congestion at Kolkata port. It was also because Kolkata was a river port, which was gradually getting silted and large ships could not enter Kolkata port.