This lecture deals with:

1.The Nature of Research

2.Importance of research
3.Purposes of research, kinds & classification of research.
4.Research process, understanding research as process
Lecture 1

Research “is the open door to a better future; it is a challenge

that removes the threat of stagnation and decay from all
society”. Good and Scates (1972)

Research is “a process of scientific thinking that leads to

the discovery or establishment of new knowledge or truth.
It is not a subjective expression of ideas or opinion.” Isidro and
Malolos (1979)

Research is a “systematic, controlled, empirical, critical

investigation of hypothetical propositions about the
presumed relations among natural phenomena.” Kerlinger (1973)
Lecture 1
NATURE OF RESEARCH:
RESEARCH IS EMPIRICAL

EMPIRICISM – is the concept that all knowledge is derived from sense experience.
RESEARCH SHOULD BE SYSTEMATIC
5 steps that characterize the systematic nature of research process:
RESEARCH SHOULD BE CONTROLLED
Identify the Review Draw
Collect data Analyze data
problem information Conclusion
RESEARCH SHOULD BE VALID

RESEARCH SHOULD BE RELIABLE

RESEARCH HAS A VARIETY OF FORMS

Lecture 1
Specific purposes and goals of research:
1. Discover new facts of known phenomena
2. Find solution to problems that are only partially solved
3. Improve or develop new products
4. Discover unrecognized substances or elements
5. Validate generalizations into systematic order
6. Provide basis for decision making in any undertaking
7. Satisfy the researcher’s curiosity
8. Acquire better and deeper understanding about one phenomenon to another
9. Verify existing knowledge
10.Improve educational practices by raising the quality of school products
11.Promote health and prolong life
12.Enhance man’s basic life
Lecture 1
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

According to purpose:
1.Predictive or Prognostic
2.Directive
3.Illuminative
Lecture 1
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

According to Goal:

 Basic Research
 Applied Research
Lecture 1
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

According to Level of Investigations:

1. Exploratory
2. Descriptive
3. Experimental
Lecture 1
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

According to Choice of answers to problems:

1. Evaluation
2. Development
Lecture 1
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

According to Statistical Content:

1. Quantitative or Statistical Research

2. Non-quantitative
Lecture 1
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

According to types & kinds of research: this focuses on the area or field.
1. Proprietary Research
2. Scholarly Research
3. Behavioral Research
4. Phenomenological Research
5. Communication Research
a. Control analysis(source)
b. Content analysis(message)
c. Media Analysis (channel)
d. Audience Analysis (receiver)
e. Impact Analysis (effects)
Pre – lecture activity 1

In this lecture we discuss the following:

1.The Nature of Research
2.Importance of research
3.Purposes of research, kinds & classification of research.
4.Research process, understanding research as process