ADVANCE

GRAMMAR
PORTAFOLIO

RUTH HINOSTROZA
2. WRITING
 3. VOCABULARY LOG

WORD PART OF DEFINITION CONTEXT EXAMPLE

SPEECH
TEDIOUS Adjective To long, slow or This is a tedious It was a tedious
dull. homework meeting.
assigment.

OTHERWORLDLY Adjective Relating to an The film has I think that

imaginary or many scenes of Disneyland is a
spiritual world. Otherworldly Otherworldly
creatures. place.

EXAMPLARY Adjective Very good and The relationship His tact was
suitable to be and her boys exemplary,
copied by other was exemplary. especially
people. considering the
circunstances.
SIGHT Noun The ability to she began to My sight is not
see. lose her sight. very good
withouth glasses
on.
TREAD verb Behave toward The chaird in her ¡Look What I
or deal with in a second example Have Just
certain way. treated the Trodden In!
attendees like
scultare,

SHORTLY adverb In a short time; We Will back I just need to

son. shortly, after this make a quick
commercial phone call; i Will
break. be with you
shortly.
SWITCH verb Word refert to She felt we One of the line
Exchange should switch cooks, angry
something. tim to the public about his low
school. wages, switched
the salt and
sugar.
RESEMBLE verb Have a similar ¿Are you the some people
appearance to kind of person resemble their
or qualities in who resembles a dogs.
common with Daisy, open to
(someone or the World most
something); of the time?
look or seem
like.
APPROACH verb Come near or Type As are the train
nearer to drivers, approached the
(someone or competitive main line.
something) in individuals who
distance or have a no-
time. nonsense
approach tolife.
EMBRACE Noun An act of They embrace Their eager
accepting risk and change embrace of
something and often turn to foreign influence
willingly or be
enthusiastically. entreperneurs.
SPOTLIGHT noun the spotlight they are She was
Intense scrutiny extroverts, the constantly in the
or public kind of people media spotlight.
attention. who love
spotlight.
CORRELATION noun A mutual There is no There was no
relationship or correlation correlation
connection between shyness between the
between two or and either number of visits
more things. introversion or to the clinic and
extroversion.. the treatment
outcome.
ASTONISHED Adjective Greatly I was astonished He was
surprised or at how enjoyable astonished at the
impressed; and hilarious the change in him.
amazed. movies turned
out to be.
VANQUISH Verb Defeat The inhabitansts He successfully
thoroughly. of pandora end vanquished his
up vanquishing a rival.
gropu of
exploiters.
ESTRANGED Adjective (of a person) no Harriet felt more The japanese
longer close or estranged from man has a
affectionate to her daughter daughter he is
someone; than ever stranged from.
alienated.
REFUEL verb Supply (a The plane was The authorities
vehicle) with refueled and agreed to refuel
more fuel. took for mexico. the plane
BURIED Adjective Placed or Did he have the buried treasure
hidden 5,880 buried by
underground. accomplice to
throw the
authorities off
the track?
ROT Verb decay or cause Rotting rubber the chalets were
to decay by the bands were neglected and
action of found along with their woodwork
bacteria and the money. was rotting away
fungi;
decompose.
REGARD Verb Consider or In nacirema she regarded
think of in a culture, the London as her
specified way. mouth is base.
regarded as a
highly significat
parto f the body
POTION noun A liquid with Inside the box is a healing potion
healing, a collection of
magical, or potions,
poisonous medices, and
properties creams.
LACERATE verb Tear or make A nacirema man the point had
deep cuts in scrapes and lacerated his neck
(flesh or skin) sometimes even
lacerates his
face daily.
PURSUE Verb Follow or chase Friendship are the officer
(someone or worth pursuing. pursued the van
something)

COUNTERPART Nuon A person or People may feel the minister held

thing that they have litlle talks with his
corresponds to or nothing in French
or has the common with counterpart
same function ther
as another counterpart.
person or thing
in a different
place or
situation
MEANDER Verb (of a river or We love having a river that
road) follow a conversation meandered gently
winding course. that can through a
meander meadow
everywhere and
nowhere.
NAIVE Adjective showing a lack I now see that the rather naive
of experience, my perceiving young man had
wisdom, or friendship in been totally
judgement. this ways was misled
naive.
 4. SUMMARY OF EACH CHARACTER
UNIT 9
MODIFICATION OF NOUN
Noun can be modified by adjectives and
other noun. Adjectives nd noun
modifiers usually come before the noun
they modify called the head noun.
Noun modifiers is modifying with noun,
this come before the head noun. Also
when we use adjective and noun
modifier, the noun comes closer to the
head noun.
There are two types of adjectives
modifier that are Present partciple (ing)
are used to describe someone or
something that cause a feeling and Past
participle (ed) are used tos ay how
people feel. (ALSO CALLED PARTICIPLE
ADJECTIVE)
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES MODIFIERS
When there is more tan one modifiers of
noun the modifier occur in fixed order.
POSITION CATEGORY OF
MODIFIER
1 opinion
2 size
3 age or temperature
4 shapes
5 color
6 origin
7 material
When a noun has two or more modifiers
in the same category, you need to
separate the adjectives with a comma.
Compound modifiers are constructed
from more than one Word
a). number+noun
b). noun+present participle
c) noun+past participle
EXAMPLES
Angela Leyva is a famous
Peruvian volleyball player.
I will never forget the amazing
basketball games.
Sofia did not enjoy the movie
because it was boring. (present
participle)
Mary is very interested in the
lesson. (Past participle).
My brother adopted a beautiful
big White bulldog.
My friend was wearing an
amazing red dress.
I saw a great new Peruvian
movie.
I eat a Delicious Japanese food.
Mary has a short black hair.
I Live in the big Green, White house.
a. I work an eight-hour day.
b. that was a record-breaking jump.
c. my father wanted to buy my sister the
most child-wanted toy
d. that is an old-fashiones dress.
d) adjective+ past participle
UNIT 10
NOUN CLAUSES: SUBJECT, OBJECT, AND
COMPLEMENTS
Noun clauses perform the same fuctions
as regular nouns
a. Subject
b. Object
c. Subject complements
d. Adjective complements
We use the Word that to introduce
cetain noun clauses so it has no concrete
meaning.
That can be ommited when it introduce
an object noun clause or complement
But when that introduce a subject noun
clause, it is never ommited.
The fact that is used of that in subject
clauses
The fact that must be used in places of
that in noun clause that are object of
preposition
A question that is changed to a noun
clause is called an embedded question.
That is more polite than a direct
question.
Wh-question Word introduce
embedded wh-question
Not use do, does, or did in embedded
question.
We use if and wheter (or not) to
introduce embedded yes/no question.
EXAMPLES
a. What makes me happy is
romantic comedy
b. You can see that he loves her
c. The problema was that the
cellphone was so expensive
d. It is clear that she was crying for
him.
 It is frustating that he is not
paying attention (Adjective
complement)
 She know that he buy flowers for
her (object)
 That mary has an excellent
attitude is obvious (subject)
 The fact that Marie loves him is
obvious.
 I am impressed by the fact that
carlos was in Huancayo.
 It is wonderful that you can visit
us.
 I have no idea what endorphins
are.
 ¿Do you know who she is?
 I am not sure what enable means.
 I dont know how many dogs he
has.
 He has no idea what she meant.
 ¿Do you know if he want to go
with me?
Not use if to introduce a subject noun  Whether (or not) he understood
clause is a questionable.
Not omit if or wheter (or not) in
embedded yes/no Q

UNIT 11
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
We can report speech in two ways:
direct speech is the exact Word of
someone speaking and indirect speech is
someones resport of direct speech.
EXAMPLES
 Roberto said, ‘’ the movie was
fantastic’’. (Direct speech)
o He told her that the movie
had been fantastic.
(Indirect speech)

The verb say and tell are the most  Rosa said, ‘’ carlos, we need to
common reporting verbs. We usually use clean the bedroom’’.
the simple past form of these verb. o Rosa told carlos they
needed to clean the
bedroom.
To report indirect question, we normally  Tom asked, ‘’Do you want to go
use ask in it is simple past form. with me?’’ (direct speech)
Use if or wheter (or not), not that, to o Tom asked her if she
introduce an indirect yes/no. wanted to go with him
(indirect speech)
Use question Word to introduce indirect  ¿He asked, ‘’where did she go on
wh-question. holidays?

He asked her where she had

If the reporting verb is in the simple past,
the verb in the noun clause often
changes.
 Imperative-infinite
 Simple present-simple past
 Present progressive-past
progresive
 Simple past- past perfect
 Present perfect-past perfect
 Will-would
 Can-could
gone on holiday.
 The Doctor said, ‘’Take a pill for
one week’’
 She said, ‘’I want toe at ice
cream’’
She said that she wanted to eat
ice cream.
 He said, ‘’ mario is working’’
He said that mario was working
 Rosa said, ‘’i finished my
homework’’
Rosa told me she had finished her
homework
 He said, ‘’i have bought a new
wallet’’
He said that he had bought a new
wallet

In adittion to verb, certain other Word
change indirect speech
1. Pronouns and possessive
adjectives
2. This-that and these-those
3. Here-there
4. Now-then
5. Ago-before-previously
6. Yesterday-the day before/the
previous day
7. Today-that day
8. Tomorrow-the next day after.
UNIT 12
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: REVIEW AND
EXPANSION
A sentence with adjective is a
combination of two senteces.
An adjective clause is dependent clause
that modify a noun or proun. Also an
adjective clause begins with a relative
 Marco said, ‘’ i Will always love
Miriam’’
Marco said he would always love
Miriam.
 She said, ‘’ you can relax about
the exam’’
She told me I could relax about
the exam.
 Rosa said, ‘’my dog is really cute’’
Rosa told me her dog is really
cute
 Tom said, ‘’i want t oread this
book’’
Tom told me he wanted to read
that book
 ‘’sofy is not here’’, jhon said.
Jhon said sofy was not here.
 Florencia said, ‘’ i am working
now’’
Florencia said she was working
then.
 ‘’my mother came a year ago’’,
agata said.
Agata told me her mother had
come a year previously.
 Sam said, ‘’he will come and
check it tomorrow’’.
Sam said he would come and
check it the next day.
 He said, ´´ i am sick today’’
He told me he was sick that day.
 She said, ‘’ i was tired yesterday’’
She told me she had been tired
that day.
EXAMPLES
 Juana is a girl + she studyies hard
 Juana is a girll who studyies hard
 Tomas, who is shy, spend a lot
time alone
prounon: who, whom, wich, that, whose,
where, or when.
An adjective clause can present after a
main clause.
When you want to refer people you can
use who or that (that is less formal).
To refer thing you need to use which
The verb in an adjective clause needs to
agree the noun or proun that the clause
modify.
To refers to people use whom, who or
that.
To refer thing you can use which or that.
The verb in an adjective clause agrees
with the subject of the clause, not with
the object.
Use whose to introduce adjective clause
like possesion.
We cannot be omitted.
You can use where to introduce an
adjective clauses tha modifies a noun
placess. If you only use there in the
sentences.
You can use where or that for an
adjective clause that modify a time.
An adjective clause that distinguishes one
person or thing from another is called
identifying or essential.
An adjective Clause that adds extra
information buth does not distinguish
one person or thing from another is
called nonidentifying or nonessential.
Can be ommited
 Lima, which is the capital of peru,
is a crowded place.
 Carlos is my boss whom I respect.
 Ashaninkas are people who live in
the amazonas.
 Tomas is a boy that bought
flowers for me.
 Economy is the subject with is
hardest for me.
 That car thar my father bought is
broken.
 Carlos, whom you meet
yesterday, is my boyfriend.
 Carlos, who you meet yesterday,
is my boyfriend.
 Carlos that you meet yesterday is
my boyfriend.
 The movie which i saw, was
fantastic.
 Tha movie that i saw was
fantastic.
 Mary is the woman whose
housband we met.
 This is the restaurant where I ate
yesterday.
 Villa el salvador is the town
where i was born.
 This is the company where he
Works.
 I remember the day when we
traveled.
 Sofia who Works at ICPNA is
talkative
 Sofia, who Works at ICPNA, is
talkative.
 The girl you met on Monday
is tasha.
 That is tasha, whom you met
on Monday.
UNIT 13
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS;
ADJECTIVE PHRASES.
The relative pronoun who(m), that, wich
and whose after noun can be sed as
object of preposition in adjective clauses.
Senteces with the preposition in the end
are informal.
You can not use that at the beginning in a
clause.
We can omit the relative pronoun whom,
that and which after a preposition.
Not omit whose.
Some adjective clauses have patterns
QUANTIFIER+OF+RELATIVE PRONOUN.
You can use whom, wich and whose with
the quantifier clause.
Some adjective clauses have the patterns
noun+ of wich.
Thse clause refer only to things.
We sometimes shorten adjective clauses
to adjective phrases with the same
meaning.
The shorten an adjective clause with be
verb, reduce the clause to an adjective
phrase with the same meaning.
EXAMPLES
 Sara is the girl to whom I liked
 That is the movie to which she
talked.
 He is the actor to whom i saw.
 He is the actor whom i saw to.
 It is the clasroom for wich she
studies.
 He has a son he is stranged from.
 He is the actor whose movies i go
to.
 The movie to wich I am referring
is titanic. (identigfying)
 Titanic, to wich I am referring, is
amazing (nonidentyfying)
 I have many Friends, few of
whom, i appreciate.
 Her movies, most of wich, i have
seen are popular.
 I like her movie, most of wich, i
have seen.
 Musicals, an example og wich is
chicago, are still popular.
 Remo has review films, an
example of wich is ratatui.
 Rosa who is interested in animal
should adopted a cat.
 Rosa interested in animal should
adop a cat.
 Game of the thrones, wich was
directed by rosa, won many
oscars.
 Game of thrones, directed by
rosa, won many oscars.
If there is no be verb in the adjective
clause, it is often possible to changeto an
adjective phrase.
UNIT 14
THE PASSIVE: REVIEW AND EXPANSION
The sentence with in the passive voice
has a corresponding sentence in the
active voice, the object in the passive
voice is the subject in the passive voice.
Passive sentence are formed with
be+past participle. The can be occur in
the all tenses.
When you want to use a negative
sentences, place not after the first verb.
Whe use a passive voice:
a. When you don no know who
make the action or when it is not
important who performed the
action.
b. When you do not wanto mention
the agent.
c. When you want to focus on the
receiver or the result.
Use the passive with a by phrase:
a. To introduce new information
about the agent
b. To credit someone who did
something
c. When the agent is surprising
The object of the active sentece is the
subject of the passive sentences
Also an indirect object is sometimes the
subject of a passive sentences.
When you use passive with modals and
modal like expression, the structure is
the formo f the passive with the
modal+be+past participle.
The passive can also be formed with get
that is more informal than the passive
voice with be.
 Black of men, wich stars Will
Smith, is the top earning film.
 Black of men, starring Will Smith,
is the top-earnins films.
EXAMPLES
My sister has studied the lesson.
(active voice)
The lesson has studied by my
sister.
The cell pone was answered.
Criminals have not been caught
by the pólice.
a. My wallet was stolen.
b. A lot wine is produce in Trujillo
c. The criminals was caught by the
pólice.
The video store was fixed by the
technique computer.
The bills were photocopied by
the secretary
The wallet was found by my older
bother.
The crimininals were caught by
the pólice oficer.
The teacher gave the students a
book.
The computer may have been
operated by you.
He should have been phoned by
you.
I’ve got good news for you. Jim
finally got promoted.
have and get+object+past participle are
used to form the passive causative.
Use the passive causative to talk about
services or activities that people arrange
for someone else.
UNIT 15
THE PASSIVE TO DESCRIBE SITUATION
AND TO REPORT OPINIONS
Remember that the passive is used to
describe situations in which the subject
is acted upon.
The passive is also used to descrbe
situatio or states. Thi is called the stative
verbs
We use the stative passive to describe
situations or states.
Passives are commonly used to report
ideas, beliefs, and opinios.
The structure is it+ be+ past
participle+that clause.
Passives that report ideas, beliefs, and
opinions also commonly occur in the
form subject+be+past participle+to
phrase.
Passive sentences with that clauses or
infinitives pharases are often used in
academic discourse and in reporting the
news.
he had his car fixed by the
mechanic.
She has her hair cut.
EXAMPLES
 French and spanish are related to
each other.
 Lima is located in Peru.
 Asia was connected to north
america.
 New York is located on the east
coast of the United States.
 The ingredients are found on the
side of the box.
 The moon is assumed (by
astronomers) to move away from
the Earth some centimeters each
year.
 It is believed tha the LA LLORANA
actually exits.
UNIT 09

PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES
Present participal adjectives past participle adjectives
I read a really interesting book about I was really bored during the flight
history

CLASIFICATION OF EXAMPLES
ADJECTIVES
QUANTITY I have many Friends in my math class.
OPINION i think that she recieve a bad news
PERSONALITY/ EMOTION I feel so happy for the arrived of my sister.
SOUND The music was so loud that i could not sleep
yesterday
TASTE The chocolate cake was so Delicious.
TOUCH This table is so hard.
SIZE, WEIGHT She has a big table in her house.
SMELL She has a aromatic perfum.
SPEED She runs so faster than her brother.
TEMPERATURE Peru has a hot weather that i can not stand
AGE He is an old men so he need the reservation
chair.
DISTANCE The house is far than my house.
SHAPE The ball has a circular form.
MISCELLANEOUS QUALITIES I have a full day that i am so tired.
BRIGHTNESS The bedroom has a dark colors.
COLOR My favorite color is skayblue because i think
this colors can represented me.
TIME Marie came early at her job.
ORIGIN/LOCATION Spanish is the most language use in the
world.
MATERIAL My father built my house with concrete.
PURPOSE I need to work 24x7 for pay my studies.
 ADJECTIVE ORDER

1. I love that really big old green antique car that always parked at the end of the
street.
2. My sister adopted a beautiful big white bulldog.
3. The house is green and red.

COMPOUND MODIER EXAMPLE

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES WITH NUMBER It is a seven-star hotel.

ADJECTIVE/ADVERB+noun+ PAST The actor plays a long-haired,

PARTICIPLE one-armed pirate in the movie.
(Adjective+past participle)
This is a brightly-lit room. (Adverb
+past participle)
It is a crime-related story. (noun+
participle)
ADJECTIVE/ADVERB/NOUN+PRESENT She is a easy-going person.
PARTICIPLE (adjective+present participle).
He has a friendly-sounding voice.
(adjective+present participle).
It is a prize-winning dance. (noun+
present participle)
OTHER COMPOUND ADJECTIVE She has a part-time job.

HYPHENS
Her daughter is 10 years old
She has a 10-year-old daughter.

UNIT 10
NOUN CLAUSES: SUBJECTS, OBJECTS AND
COMPLEMENTS
a. Subject
 That she likes him is obvious.
 That he gives gifts is unfortunate
 Someone who lie to everybody can not believe.
 b. Object
 He knows that you need to take this exam.
 You can see that he loves her.
 I don not understand why you find sad.
c. Subject complement
 The question is wheter people Will crye
 The problema was that wallet was stolen
d. Adjective complements
 She was embarrased that he was looking for her.
 He is sure that mary Will arrive late.
 My father is worried that mary can not pass the exam

For embedded question
Yes/no question
Direct yes/no question
 Are we eating cake and cookies?
 Is he doing her math homework?
 Are you going to the school?
Main clause embedded question
I would like to know if we are eating cake and cookies
I am not sure if he is doing her math
homework
Can you tell me if she is going to the school.

UNIT 11
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Stament: direct speech
She said, "I saw him."
“I am going to London next week,” she said
Alice said, “I love to dance.”

Staments: indirect speech

She said that she had seen him.
She said that she was going to london the following week.
She said that she loved to dance.
Yes/no question: direct speech
She asked, “Are you busy tonight?”
“Did you buy a new car?” rosa asked.
“Have you worked here before?” he asked.

Yes/no question: indirect speech

she asked me if I was busy that night.
rosa asked me if I had bought a new car.
he asked her whether she’d worked there before.

Wh-question: direct speech

“Why are you working so hard?” she asked.
“What shall we do tonight?” my father asked.

Wh-question:indirect speech
she asked me why I was working so hard.
My father asked me what we should do that night.

Verb changes in indirect speech.

Simple present-simple ´´She is peruvian´´, he He said (that) she was

past said peruvian.

Present progressive-past He said, ´´i am working´´ He said that he was

progressive working.

Simple past-past perfect “We went to the movies she told me they had gone
last night,” she said. to the movies the night
before.
Present perfect-past “We haven’t been to he said they hadn’t been
perfect surkorea,” he said. to surkorea.

Will-would “I’ll go to the movies fiorella said he would go

tomorrow,” fiorella said. to the movies the next
day.
Can-could “Can you open the she asked me if I could
window, please?”, she open the window.
asked.
Other changes in indirect speech

pronouns “May I use the bathroom, The girl asked if she could
please?”, the girl asked. use the bathroom.
possesives He said, ¨cameron, bring He said she to bring her
your cell phone¨ cell phone
this ´´can i see this vide¨, she She asked if she coud see
asked that video.
here Tomas said, ´´will you be Tomas said if i would be
here´´ there
ago ´´We came a year ago´´, Florencia said they had
Florencia said come a year before.
now she said, “we’ve been She told me that they’d
dating for over a year been dating for over a
now.” year.
today “Shall we go to the beach Tom asked if we should go
today?” Tom to the beach that day.
asked.

yesteday mary said, “I didn’t go to mary said that he hadn’t

work yesterday. gone to work the day
before.
tomorrow he said, “You must work he said I had to work the
tomorrow.” next day.

UNIT 11
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: REVIEW AND
EXPANSION

Adjective clauses:

 maria who is an intelligent get good grades.

 The people whose names are on the list will go to see movies.
 People who are smart follow the rules

Relative pronouns as subjects: who, which, that

for people: you can use who or thar (is more informal)

 The family who live next door to us bought a new car.

 The lady who lives across the street is my aunt.

For things : you can use wich or that (is more informal)

 Chocolate, which many of us adore, is fattening.

 The car that they bought was red.
 The car which they bought was red.

Relative pronoun as objets: whom, which, that

She's the girl whose boyfriend was in an accident.

The shirt that she gave me was too big.

Whose+noun to indicate possesion

 The boy whose shoes are on the floor is my little brother.

 Charlie has a friend whose daughter lives in China.

Where and when in adjective clauses

 I can remember the time when there were no computers. (time)

 The moment when the clown burst in to surprise the teacher was great! (time)
 ¿Do you know a place where I can buy an interesting birthday card?

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: IDENTIFYING OR NONIDENTIFYING

Pizza, which most people love, is not very healthy. (NONIDENTIFYING)

The books, which are lost, are not really necessary. (NONIDENTIFYING)
The girl who is running is my best friend. (IDENTIFYING)
Something that smells bad may be rotten. (IDENTIFYING)
UNIT13
ADJECTIVES CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITION, QUANTIFIERS,
OR NOUNS; ADJECTIVE PHARASES

Adjectives clauses with prepostion

Main clause Adjective clause with preposition

People/thing preposition Relative Preposition
pronoun
She is the To whom He was refering
singer
Whom(m) He was refering To

that
It is the park for wich He spend time.
wich

that He spend time For

That is the whose Songs i sing you About
girl

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH QUANTIFIER

I have my classmates, all of whom are nice.
My sister has many Friends, most of whom are friendly.
I have many cooworkers, a number of whom are talkative.
I saw many movies, some of wich were comedy.
Leonardo di caprio was in a lot of movies, a few of wich were successes.
That is the actor, a couple of whose movies are romantic.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE WITH NOUN
 Frozen and Enredados, example of wich are the most popular in Disney.
 I love that series an episode of wich is stranger thing.
REDUCING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES TO ADJECTIVE PHRASES.
I read the book wich is based on that movie.
I read the book based on that movie.
He is my friend who is from the university.
He is my friend from the univerity
CHANGING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES TO ADJECTIVE PHRASES
He is the actor who plays the soccer game.
he is the actor playing the soccer game.
Titanic is a movie wich stars Leonardo DiCaprio.
Titanic is a movie starring Leonardo DiCaprio.
.

UNIT 14

THE PASSIVE: REVIEW AND EXPANSION

Active senteces
Marielena found her wallet.
Julio play for the team soccer.
Passive sentences:
Her wallet was found by mariaelena.
The team soccer is played by julio
Passive verb forms
The movie is (not) directed by james cameron.
The accident is (not) being by Leonardo.
The crime was (not) discovered by the pólice officer.
The wallet was (not) being found by him.
The laptop will (not) be fixed by Mijael.
The house is (not) going to be bought by Lorena.
The passive with modals
The wallet can (not) be found in the house.
The crime coud (not) have been discovered in the future.
The laptop may (not) be fixed by Lorena.
The case might (not) have been reopened years ago.
He could have been arrested before this.
Criminal suspects must be charged.
He can not be released from jail.
The problema may be solved.
The thief could have been caught.
The passive causative
 He had the picture checked by the teacher.
 Leonardo has had the homework checked.
  They got the new published by the professionals.
 Will that criminal ever get caught?

UNIT15
THE PASSIVE TO DESCRIBE SITUATIONS AND
REPORT OPINIONS
DESCRIBING SITUATION OR STATES (STATIVE PASSIVE)
Marielena are related to each other.
Peru is composed of two regions.
The island is connected to the mainland.
Las flores is located in san juan de Lurigancho.
REPORTING OPINIONS OR IDEAS
Active:
 Some people say that bermudes triangulo is dangerous.
 People think that the Pink Dolphin turn into a woman.
 Some scientist believe that the nazca lines were made by aliens.
 Pamela allege that camila lied.
Passive sentences with It + that clause.
 It is said that bermudes triangulo is dangerous.
 It is thought that the Pink Dolphin turn into a woman.
 It is believed that the nazca lines were made by aliens.
 It is alleged that camila lied.
Passive sentences with TO phrase.
She is said to be the actress.
The people are thought to have come from the west.
Native american are considered to be the real discoverers.
 7. ONLINE EXERCISE FOR EACH GRAMMAR POINT
MODIFICATION OF NOUN
Link https://www.englishgrammar.org/modification-nouns-grammar-exercise/
NOUN CLAUSES: SUBJECTS, OBJECTS AND COMPLEMENTS
LINK:http://www.grammarquizzes.com/nounclausequiz.html
 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
LINK: https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-
speech/exercises?10
 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE: REVIEW AND EXPANSION
LINK: https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?10
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE WITH PREPOSITION, QUANTIFIERS, OR
NOUNS: ADJECTIVE PHRASES
LINK http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/adjclausequiz.ht
 THE PASSIVE VOICE: REVIEW AND EXPANSION
LINK: https://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/esl-passive-voice-exercise2.html#
 THE PASSIVE TO DESCRIBE SITUATION AND TO REPORT
OPINIONS
LINK: