Assignment on: General Development in the context of Strategic

Management from 1986 - 2019

Submitted by: Sana Syed

Roll # 16

Semester: 3rd

Session: 2018 - 2020

Subject: Strategic Human Resource Management

Submitted Date: 13th Nov, 2019

Submitted Day: Wednesday

Submitted to: Dr Kashif Akram

Department of Management Sciences

Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Strategic Management - Definitions

“An approach that defines how the organization’s goals will be achieved through people by
means of HR strategies and integrated HR policies and practices.”

- Strategic Management is concerned with ‘seeing the people of the organization as a

strategic resource for the achievement of competitive advantage’.

Hendry and Pettigrew, 1986

- A set of processes and activities jointly shared by human resources and line
managers to solve people-related business problems.

Schuler and Walker, 1990

Difference:

In 1986, organization’s person was considered as the main resource in terms of achieving
unique characteristics in products from rivals. While in 1990, involvement of managers
showed shared actions with people to solve business related issues.

- The pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to

enable an organization to achieve its goals.

Wright and McMahan, 1992

- The Strategic management is definable as a cross-process of formulation,

implementation and evaluation of the decisions that enable organizations to define
and achieve their mission and ultimately create value.

Porth, 2002

Difference:

In 1992, activities of people were responsible to achieve its long term goals for any firm.
While in 2002, strategic management was referred to as a complete cycle of formulation,
implementation and evaluation of different strategies which in turn define and achieve
organization’s mission and also create value.

- The central premise of strategic human resource management theory is that

successful organizational performance depends on a close fit or alignment between
business and human resource strategy.

Batt, 2007

- Strategic management is an ongoing process involving the efforts of strategic

managers to adjust the organization to the environment in which it operates while
developing competitive advantages. These competitive advantages enable the
company to grab opportunities and minimize environmental threats.

Stead and Stead, 2008

Difference:

In 2007, the performance of any successful organization depends on the type of strategies
made by the HR and business. While in 2008, Strategic management was considered as the
efforts of managers to adapt the environment with the organization along the development
of competitive advantage that provide opportunities and minimize threats.

- Strategic management was born as a hybrid discipline, influenced by both sociology

and economics. It is considered an evolution of theories of organizations. It only
began receiving more attention, from both the academic and the business worlds.

Bhalla, 2009

- Strategic management is defined as the set of decisions and actions resulting in the
formulation and implementation of strategies designed to achieve the objectives of
the organization.
 John A. Pearce II and Richard B. Robinson, Jr, 2014

Difference:

In 2009, Strategic management was influenced by theories of economics and sociology and
receives more information from business as well as academic world.

First, they view the firm from different standpoints. Strategists explore efficiency from the
perspective of the firm, developing theories of why one strategy is more successful than
another, given product, firm, and industry characteristics. Sociologists focus on efficiency
from the perspective of the corporate environment, developing theories about the context
in which one strategy becomes defined as efficient and diffuses across the corporate
landscape.

Second, they begin with very different methodological imperatives. Strategists seek to
develop adequate theories of why certain strategies are optimal, or at least efficient, based
typically on insights from successful firms, explain variance in behavior across large
populations of firms over time, typically using multivariate models that control for diverse
potential causes.

While in 2014, strategic management was referred to as a set of actions for making and
implementing the strategy and ultimately fulfills the organization’s goals.

- Strategic management is the process of managing the pursuit of organizational

mission while managing the relationship of the organization to its environment.

James M. Higgins, 2015

- Strategic management is a continuous process that involves attempts to match or fit

the organization with its changing environment in the most advantageous way
possible.

Lester A. Digman, 2017

Difference:

In 2015, managing the organization’s mission and adapt the environment with the
organization was collectively made the process of strategic management. While in 2017, it
is an ongoing phenomenon to adapt the environment with the organization that gives you
possible benefits.

- Strategic management is the management of an organization’s resources to achieve

its goals and objectives. Strategic management involves setting objectives, analyzing
the competitive environment, analyzing the internal organization, evaluating
strategies, and ensuring that management rolls out the strategies across the
organization.

Will Kenton, 2019