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1. Polyvinyl chloride ( P V C )
PROPERTIES : Rigid , tough , elastic to feel.
Uses : Plumbing pipes and sanitary fittings are manufactured out of this
material. Shower curtains , window frames, flooring , corrugated roofing
sheets , plastic coating to steel sheets tanks, water cisterns, etc.
PVC
2. Acrylic : ACRYLIC
PROPERTIES: Glass clear , some what brittle sound when tapped.
Uses : Glazing , bath rooms and sinks.
3. Polyethylene ( or polythene ) – low density:
PROPERTIES: Flexible, feels like paraffin wax.
Uses ; bottles, buckets, sheeting water tanks.
4. Polyethylene ( or polythene )- high density :
PROPERTIES: stiff and hard, coarser than the polythylene of low density
used as large storage bottles, water tank.
POLYETHYLENE
5. Polypropylene : POLYPROPYLENE
PROPERTIES : smooth, rigid, lightest of all plastics – it floats in water.
Uses : wc cisterns, sink traps, washing machine bids, food containers,
appliances , car fender.
6. Polystyrene : Solid ( glassy ) state at room temperature, but flows if heated
above its glass transition temperature and becoming solid again when
cooling off. Pure solid polystryrene is a colourless, hard plastic with
limited flexibility. Polysterene can be transparent or can be made to take
on various colours.
Uses : Refrigerator containers , food trays, packaging, food containers,
disposable cups, plates, cutlery, CD and cassette boxes.
POLYSTYRENE
NYLON
7. Nylon : PROPERTIES : High density polythene but smoother to feel.
Uses : Textiles , brush bristles, carpeting , surgical trays , bearings ,
pressure tubing.
THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
• These plastics are either originally soft or liquid or they soften once
upon heating, they harden permanently.
BAKELITE
2. Phenolics ( bakelite ) :
PROPERTIES : The cheapest. Heavy solid plastic material, fishy smell
when burnt dark in color. Heat resistant.
Uses : Bottle caps, plastic automobile parts, bonding plywood and chip
board, glues, laminates with other materials.
3. Urea formaldehyde :
PROPERTIES : Similar to phenolic but can be produced in lighter
colours.
Uses : Door furniture, light switches, and electrical fittings, glues,
bottoms, radio cabinets, etc.
UF EPOXY
4. Epoxies:
PROPERTIES: Resin and hardener.
Uses: Used as adhesives.
5. Polyesters :
PROPERTIES: produced as fibres and films.
Uses ; Used for reinforced plastics.
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING
TO STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
According to this classification , the plastics are divided into 2 groups.
• RIGID PLASTICS : These plastics have high modulus of elasticity and they retain
their shape under exterior stresses applied at normal or moderately increased
temperatures.
• SEMI- RIGID PLASTICS: These plastics have a medium modulus of elasticity and
the elongation under pressure completely disappears, when pressure is removed.
• SOFT PLASTICS: These plastics have a low modulus of elasticity and the
elongation under disappears slowly, when pressure is removed.
• ELASTOMERS : These plastics are soft and elastic materials with a low modulous
of elasticity. They deform considerably under load at room temperature and return
to their original shape, when the load is released. The extension can range up to ten
times their original dimensions.
PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS
The following properties are common with most of the plastics.
1.They are light in weight.
2. They have good resistance to most of the chemical.
3. They have high electrical strength.
4. They have good corrossive resistance.
5. Plastics can be moulded to any desired shape and size.
6. They can be made transperent or color.
7. They are cheap compared to metals.
8. All operations like drilling ,sawing, punching can be done on
plastics.
9. Painting and polishing is not necessary.
10. The plastics posses excellent electric insulating properties.
11. The plastics, have low specific gravity, the average being 1.3 to
1.40.
PVC
• Polyvinyl chloride, commonly abbreviated PVC, is the
third-most widely produced plastic, after polyethylene
and polypropylene.
• PVC is used in construction because it is more effective
than traditional materials such as copper, iron or wood
in pipe and profile applications.
• It can be made softer and more flexible by the addition
of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates.
• In this form, it is also used in clothing and upholstery,
electrical cable insulation, inflatable products and many
applications in which it replaces rubber.
• APPLICATIONS:
PVC's relatively low cost, biological and chemical resistance and workability have
resulted in it being used for a wide variety of applications.
1. It is used for sewerage pipes and other pipe applications where cost or
vulnerability to corrosion limit the use of metal.
2. With the addition of impact modifiers and stabilizers, it has become a popular
material for window and door frames.
3. By adding plasticizers, it can become flexible enough to be used in cabling
applications as a wire insulator.
4. The material comes in a range of colors and finishes, including a photo-
effect wood finish, and is used as a substitute for painted wood, mostly for
window frames and sills when installing double glazing in new buildings,
or to replace older single-glazed windows.
5. Other uses include fascia, and siding or weatherboarding.
6. This material has almost entirely replaced the use of cast iron for
plumbing and drainage, being used for waste pipes, drainpipes, gutters
and downspouts.
7. uPVC does not contain phthalates, since those are only added to flexible
PVC, nor does it contain BPA. uPVC is known as having strong resistance
against chemicals, sunlight, and oxidation from water.
ACRYLIC
• In the plastics industry most acrylics are polymers of methyl
methacrylate (PMMA).
• Acrylics may be in the form of molding powders or casting
syrups, and are noted for their exceptional clarity and
optical properties.
• Acrylics are widely used in lighting fixtures because they
are slow-burning or even self-extinguishing, and they do not
produce harmful smoke or gases in the presence of flame.
• The most important properties for acrylic (PMMA) are its
optical clarity, low UV sensitivity, and overall weather
resistance. Acrylic is often used as a glass substitute.
• APPLICATIONS:
1. Transparent glass substitute.
2. Acrylic paint essentially consists of PMMA suspended in water;
however since PMMA is hydrophobic, a substance with both
hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups needs to be added to facilitate
the suspension.
3. Laser cut acrylic panels have been used to redirect sunlight into a
light pipe or tubular skylight and, from there, to spread it into a
room.
• One of the most common uses for FRP involves the repair and
rehabilitation of damaged or deteriorating structures.
• DISADVANTAGE OF PLASTICS:
1. It has low modulus of elasticity.
2. It is not reliable with respect to weathering