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wrmNrdKifpmpOf? (0881 NrJ ) ? 21 ? csif;acsmif;NcH? 3- vrf;? MunfhNrifwdkif ? &efukef uxkwfa0í
OD;eD(01441-NrJ)? atmifcsrf;omykHEdSyfwdkuf? 63? 93 vrf;? uefawmfuav;? &efukefu ½dkufESdyfonf/

wefbdk; 3 usyf

oifh pmayjzefUcsDa&;
trSwf 63? 93vrf;? &efukefNrdKU/
(uefawmfuav;pmwdkuf)

yxrtBudrf 1941? (e*g;eDpmtkyfwdkuf)

'kwd,tBudrf 1947?
wwd,tBudrf 1963?
pwkw¬tBudrf 1973?
yOörtBudrf 1998? (todik f;t0dkif;pmay)
qXrtBudrf 2002? (oD[&wempmay)

tkyfa& 2000

yef;csD OD;b&ifuav;

bavmuf vGif

rsufESmzkH;½dkuf csif;wGif;

pmtkyfcsKyf nGefUnGefU ESifh armifrsm;

rS jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rfay:wGif ½dkuful;wifjyonf/
abya
pdf wnf;jzwfol sideeffect
MMCP pdf Creator Group rSwifqufonf/
jrefrmtD;bGwftjzpf
yxrtBudrf
Zefe0g&Dv? 2009
MMCP rS pmzwfolodkY . . . . .

,ck pmzwfolzwfrnfh ]ar} pmtkyfuav;udk ]OD;tAsm;} rS jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif

zdk&rf;ay:wGif ½dkufwifay;cJhygonf/
]OD;tAsm;} ½dkufwifcJhaompmtkyfrSm 1973 ckESpfu xkwfa0cJhaom pwkwt ¦ Budrfxkwf
pmtkyfrS ul,lwifjycJhjcif;yif/ xdkYaMumifh ,ckjyKvkyfaom yD'DtufzrSm pwkwt
¦ Budrfxkwf
pmtkyu f dk rSD;xm;aom yD'Dtufz jzpfygonf/
uRefawmf ,ckvkd b,fESpfBudrfajrmuf xkwfa0aom pmtkyfrS[k tus,fw0ifh
azmfjy&jcif;rSm uRefawmfwdkY jrefrmEdkifiH\ ajymif;vJaeaom ay:vpDrsm;atmufwGif
jyefvnfxkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;rSmvJ tqifhqifh wnf;jzwfjcif; cH&wwfaomaMumifh
yif/
,ck uRefawmfwdkY wifqufrnfh ]q&m'*kefwm&m} \ ]ar} pmtkyfrSmvJ ,ckqdkvQif
uRefawmfodorQ qXrtBudrftxd &SdcJhayNyD/ xdkodkY tqifhqifh xkwfa0cJhaom pmtkyfrsm;
bmuGmvJ ruGmvJ uRefawmf rodyg/ xdkYaMumifh uRefawmfwdkY jyKvkyfaom yD'Dtufz onf
pwkwt ¦ Budrfxkwf pmtkyfudk rSD;xm;jcif; jzpfaMumif; yxrOD;pGm pmzwfolrsm;tm;
odapvdkygonf/
aemufwcsufrSm uRefawmfwdkYqDwGif ,ck ]ar} pmtkyfudkyif qXrtBudrfajrmuf
xkwfa0xm;aom pmtkyfvJ&Sdaejcif;yif/ xkdpmtkyfwGif e*g;eDpmtkyfwdkufrS trSm ESifh
q&m '*kefwm&mwdkY\ trSmrsm;udk oD[&wem pmtkyfwdkufrS jyefvnf&SmazGNyD;
wifjyxm;ygonf/ ,ck uRefawmfwdkY jyKvkyfonfh yD'Dtufz wGifvnf; xkdtrSmrsm;udk
pmzwfolrsm; zwf½IU&pdrfhjcif;iSm jyefvnfazmfjyygrnf/ xdkYtwl tcef;,lyHk pm txm;
todkrsm;udkvJ oD[&wem pmtkyfwdkufrS xkwfa0aom pmtkyfyHkpHudk rSD;xm;ygonf/
pwkw¦tBudrfxkwf pmtkyfESifh qXrtBudrfxkwfpmtkyf bmuGmovJqdkvQifawmh
ajymifvJcJhaom acwftvdkuf pmvHk;toHk;tEIef;rsm; uGmjcm;cJhavNyD/ xdkYtwl/
qXrtBudrfxkwf pmtkyfpmrsufESm 55? 78? 81? 93? 109? 112 wdkYwGif pmaMumif;wdk
waMumif;pD usef&pfcJhonf/ odkYygaomfvnf; rl&if;pmtkyf\t&omudkrl xdcdkufjcif;r&Sd[k
uRefawmfxifygonf/
 uRefawmfwdkY ,ckvkd ajymraebJ yD'Dtufz tjzpf pmpDNyD; xkwfvdkufvQifvJ
jzpfygonf/ odkYygaomf vnf; uRefawmfwdkYtaejzifh udk,fwifqufaom pmtkyfonf
b,fvdkrSb,fvdk b,fenf;b,fyHk jzpfvm &onfudk pmzwfoltaejzifh odapvdkygonf/
aemifwcsdefrS yxrtBudrfxkwfvm; jyefxkwfvm; b,fESpfBudrfajrmufvJ b,f
pmtkyuf dk udk;um;wmvJ qdkwmrsKd; rjzpfapvdkyg/ aocsmwm wckuawmh ,ck ]ar}
yD'Dtufzonf yxtBudrf xkwfa0aom yD'Dtufz jzpfjcif;yif jzpfygonf/

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pDpOfolrS pmzwfolodkY . . . . .

urÇmhpmayrSm emrnfqdk;ESifh ausmfMum;onfh Zmwfvdkufr tifemu&ifeDem? r'fAdkbm&D

ponfwdkYuJhodkY jrefrm0w¦KxJu Zmwfvdkufr ]ar} onfvnf; emrnfqdk;ESifh ausmfMum;
onf[k qdk&rnfvm; roday/ odkYaomf tifemu&ifeDemudk a&;ol awmfvpwdGKif;um;
tifemu&ifeDembufu aeonf/ q&m'*kefwm&mvnf; ar0w¦Kudk a&;&m Zmwfvdkufr
]ar} bufu vdkufonf[k qkd&ayrnf/
bmhaMumifh olwdkYbufu vdkufovJ/ pma&;q&monf þZwfaumif trsKd;orD;wdkY
tay: vlom;wOD;tjzpf *½kPmoufjcif;aMumifhyif jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ vlonf ywf0ef;
usif\ jyKjyifzefwD;rIudk cH&onfh om;aumifyif r[kwfvm;/ rSD;aom0w¦K[k 8-8-1941
e*g;eDpmtkyfwdkuf vDrdwufrS xkwfa0cJhaom yxrrltwdik f; xkwfa0ygonf/ qdkaomf
vnf; jrefrmhvlUtzGJUtpnf;xJu jrefrmhZmwfaumif wOD;tjzpf toufoGif;vdkufjcif;
jzpfonf/ ]ar} onf xkdacwf xdktcgu vlYtzGJUtpnf;? vlYywf0ef;usif wck\
½dkufykwfrI'Pfudk tBuD;tus,f cHcJh&aom pm;aumifwOD;omjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh
pma&;q&mu *½kPmoufum olYbufu aecJhonf jzpfrnf/
Oa&my tv,facwfuae todOmPfyGifhvif;aom &DaeqefacwfodkY a&mufvmaom
tcg Oa&myom;wdkYonf a&S;vufwifESifh *&d pmayrsm;udk vdkufvH&SmazG plprf; zwf½I
vmMuonf[k qdkonf/ jrefrmpmay jyefvnfqef;opfvm&efvnf; ,cifupmayrsm;udk
jyefvnfzwf½I avhvmzdkY vdktyfygonf/ ,aeYvli,frsm;onf udk,fht&ifu vlBuD;rsm;u
bmawGajymcJhMu? bmawGvkyfcJhMu? bmawG a&;xm;cJhMuovJ qdkonfudk jyefvnf
avhvm pl;prf;cJhMuonfhtcg pmtkyf&Sm;yg;rI tcuftcJwckudk awGU&onf/ pmtkyfpmwrf;
&Sm;yg;rIonfvnf; twdwfESifh ypöKyÜefpmay qufpyfEdkifrIwGif BuD;rm;aom t[efYtwm;
wckjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh xkdt[efYtwm;udk wwfEdkifonfhbufu ajz&Sif;ay;vdkonfh
qE´ESifh þpmtkyfudk xkwfa0&jcif; jzpfygonf/ wjcm; pmtkyfaumif;rsm;udkvnf;
qufvufxkwfa0&ef pDpOf BudK;pm;&ygOD;rnf/
ausmfMum;cJhaom ocifA[def;\ trSmpmESifhtwl q&m'*kefwm&m\ ]ar} 0w¦Kudk
jyefvnfxkwfa0vdkufonfhtwGuf ,aeY vlBuD;vli,frsm; jyefvnfzwf½I oHk;oyfqifjcif
EdkifMuvQif? ]ar} udkzwfí wpHkw&m tusKd;&Sdonf[k ,lqvQifawmh xkwfa0ol taeESifh
tvGef yDwdjzpf&ygrnf[k/

(8.8.1941 e*g;eDpmtkyfwdkuf\ trSmudk jyefvnfaz:jyygonf/)

oD[&wempmay
'*Hk wm&m\]ar}
yxrEdSyfNcif;
ocifA[def;\ trSm

ar0w¬Kudk zwf&onfrSm &Srfydeft&ufudk aomuf&onfESifh wlavonf/ tb,fh

aMumifhqdkaomf olYt&omrSm tNcm; tpmt[m&rsm;vdk 'gcsnf; . . . 'gcsnf; r[kwfzJ
xl;xl;uJuJ &Sdef;ueJ zdef;ueJ NzpfoGm;aomaMumifh Nzpfonf/
olUudk &Smay: wifvdkufuwnf;u qef;opfaom a0'emudk awGU&onf/ cgwdkif;
pm;aeus t&mrsm;xuf xl;onfudkawmh odvdkufonf/ 0rf;xJodkU acsmacsm arGUarGU
0ifroGm;? yxrawmh ylwlwl &Sdef;wdef;wdefESifhyif rsKdcsvdkuf&onf/ olYudkzwfaepOfyif
topftqef;uav;rsm;udk rawGU0HY0HY awGU0HU0HU Nzpfae&onf/ odkY&mwGif bmbJjzpfjzpf
olYudkawGU&í cHpm;&rnfh a0'emudk &ifqdkif&rnf/ olYt,kt,udk cH,l&mü olYudk ydk
ta&vnfbdkYvdkonf/ ol\ ,k,rIUrSm ta&vnfa&;ay:wGif wnfavonf/ ta&vnf
vmav zwfí tifrwef t&om&SdavNzpfonf/ olUpdwful;udk az:usL;aom ta&;
tom;rSm tEkpdyfonf/ oltEkpdyfoavmufudk MunfholujrifrS [efusrnf/ ol\
a&mifNcnfrsm;onf a&SU0,f vSypGm xifvmavonf/ xdka&mifNcnfrsm;onf yOövuf
enf;Nzifh ay:vmaom a&mifjcnfjzpfí xdk[mom ol\ Art tEkynm Nzpfavonf/
'D[mrsm;om t&ufudk rl;&aom t&om jzpfavonf/
aronf rnfolYttkyftxdef;udkrQ rcHaom aumvdyfausmif;oluav; jzpfavonf/
olYoabmtwdkif; bmrqdk vkyfEdkifonf/ aronf ausmif;u xGufvQifxGufcsif; vluHkxH
awGESifh awGU&onf/ yxrawmh vluHkxHudk em;rvnf/ vluHkxHudk tuJrcyfwwf/
aemufqHk; aronf vluHkxHudk em;vnfavonf/ em;vnfvQif vluHkxH\ 'PfaMumifhyif
olwdkYudk pGefYcGmí oGm;&avonf/ aemuf aronf olYudk,fol vluHkxHjzpfatmif u
avonf/ 'Dtcef;txd 0w¬Ka&;q&mu vluHkxHawGudk aNymifavSmifavonf/ 0w¬Ka&;
q&monf arYbufuaeí vluHkxHkudk oa&mfonf/ EIwfcrf;rJhonf/ useftcef;rsm;wGif
0w¬Ka&;q&monf arUbufuvnf; raeay? b,fbufurS raeay/ arYb0udkom
0w¬Ka&;q&monf yef;csDq&mvdk yHkwla&;jyonf/ arUyHkum;udk a&;&mü wvH;k wyg'grQ
ruGefY? aq;a&mifESifhvnf; rrIef;ao;/ arUudk pu©Kjzifhjrif&onfh twdkif;om a&;qGJav
onf/ wckawmU&Sdonf/ yHkum;udkqGJ&mwGif aq;om; tifrwefnDonf/ tcs,f tvS,f
vSyonf/ vuf&m ,Ofaus;onf/ yHkum;NyD;vQif 0w¬Ka&;q&monf tom axmifxm;
vdkufavonf/ b,fae&mu tarSmif? b,fae&mu tvif; ponfwdkYudkrl 0w¬Ka&;
q&mu rñTefNy/ Munfholuom tvif;ESifhtarSmifudk cGJjcm;&rnf jzpfavonf/cGJjcm;í
pdwful;OmPf xkwf&Ncif;rSm t&omwrsKd; jzpfavonf/

ar 0w¬Kudk a&;om;aom udkaX;NrKdif ('*kefwm&m) rSm ausmif;om; jzpfavonf/

olonf wuúodkvf or*¾toif;wGif trIYaqmifwOD;Nzpfí olonf rESpfu 0g' NyefYyGm;
a&;rI; jzpfavonf/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*¾toif;rS xkwfa0aom rsKd;nGefY
r*¾Zif;ESifh wuúodkvfor*¾rS xkwfa0aom tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wdkYwGif t,f'DwmjzpfcJhavonf/
olonf or*¾tpnf;t½kH; pifNrifhrSvmaom pma&;q&m jzpfavonf/ ola&;aom
0w¬Kwdk? aqmif;yg;? uAsmrsm;udk '*kefr*¾Zif;? *EÅavmu? ,leDAmpDwD aumvdyfr*¾Zif;
rsm;wGif zwf&onf/ olonf pmayudk a&;pu uAsmrsm;udka&;onf/ ,ckrl olonf
0w¬Ka&;q&m jzpfavNyD/ olYwGif uAsmpdwful; &Sdavonf/ xdkaY Mumifh ola&;om;&mü
pmvHk;uavrsm;rSm uAsmqHonf/ tifrwef vSyonf/ olonf 0w¬Kudk a&;om;&mü
pmvkH;uav;rsm;udk yef;oDovdk oDonf/ aemufwckrSm olonf pum;vHk;xkq&m
jzpfonf/ olonf pum;vHk; topfuav;rsm;udk xkvkyfonf/ topftqef;rsm;
aygif;zGJUí ta&;tom; jzpfvm&onf/ olonf oDuHk;a&;om;&mü Rhytmic nDnGwfí
aNyNypfonf/
olonf awmfvSefa&;orm;vnf; jzpfavonf/ a&;aeus? pdwful;aeusrsm;udk
awmfvSefí topfxGifonf/ avaNyavn§if;[krokH;/ avEkat;[k a&;onf/ upm;onf
[k ra&;/ aemhonf[k a&;onf/ 'Dvdkolonf b,folESifhrS rwl? b,f[mESifhrS rwlaom
t&om &Sefydef t&ufudkaomufí rl;aeaom t&omNzpfavonf/ ar\yHkum;onf
a&SUwGif tcdk;taiGUrsm;ozG,f vdyfí vdyfí oP²mef 0w¬Kwck jzpfay:aevdrfhrnf/
xdkoP²mefonf ar 0w¬Kjzpfí t&ufvdkrl;ívm&efrSm trSmudkausmfí a&SUquf 0w¬Kudk
zwfzdkYyif jzpfavonf/

8.8.41
ocifA[def;
&efukef wuúodkvfor*¾ESifh ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m
ausmif;om;rsm; or*¾toif; OuúXa[mif;
 pwkw¬yHkESdyfNcif;twGuf
'*kefwm&m\ trSm

(1)

uRefawmf ar0w¬Kudka&;pOfu touf 20 t½G,f ausmif;om;b0ujzpfonf/

pmprf;í a&;cgp/ wu,fawmhvnf; ar 0w¬Konf bmrSr[kwf/ xdktcgu uRefawmfwdkY
onf uHhaumf&dyfü aiGva&mifjyufaom tif;vsm;uefpyfxdkifum tvS&pfjy &Da0aeonfh
tcgae? or*¾ tpnf;ta0;cef;rü a&mufonfhtcga&muf/
udkatmifqef;? udkA[def;? udkbaqGwdkYu uRefawmfuh dk ]tawG;orm;? tai;orm;} [k
ac:Muonf/ uRefawmfu bmrQjyefrajym/ NyHK;íom aecJh\/ aMunmcsuf a&;p&m
&SdvQif? r*¾Zif;? pmapmif paom jyefMum;a&;? vIHUaqmfa&;? 0g'jzefYcsda&; vkyfp&mrsm;
ay:vmavvQif uRefawmfx h H a&mufvmMu\/
]]vkyfygtHk;As? a&;ay;ygtHk;As}} [k qdkwwfMu\/ uRefawmfuvnf; uRefawmf,kHwm
qdkvQif vkyfay;vdkuf\/ a&;ay;vdkuf\/ odkYaomf tcgcyfodrf; olwdkYESifh xyfwlxyfrQ
wlMuonfr[kwf/ cHpm;rIcsif; wlMuonfr[kwf/ odkYaomf ta&;MuHKvQif uRefawmfu
aeír&/ tpnf;ta0;cef;odkY a&mufoGm;\/ e,fxGufí w&m;a[m vdkuf&\/ jzefYcsDa&;
pmawG a&;ay;&\/
*syefacwfa&mufaomtcg bDtdkifat ppf½Hk;csKyfrSm vkyfay;&\/ jrif;NcHNrdKUydkif?
EdkifiHNcm;a&;t&m&Sd? Armhwyfrawmf jynfolUqufqHa&;|me nTefMum;a&;rSL; ponfjzifh
olwdkYu tpdk;&ae&mrsm; ay;Mu\/ odkYaomf uRefawmfu vufrcHc/Jh pmayrdwfaqG
oli,fcsif;rsm;tMum; a&mufoGm;aomtcg wuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾rS vlrsm;ESifh
wGJaeonfhtwGuf olwdkYu uRefawmfhudk ]]or*¾ EdkifiHa&;orm;}} [k em;vnfaeMu\/
uRefawmfah usmif;aqmiftcef; pmyGJay:&Sd ydk;tkyfaqmif; yef;yGm;ESifh rD;tdrfab;wGif
ewf&Sifaemif? &S,fvD\ uAsmrsm;ESifhtwl rwf0g'? vDeif0g' pmtkyfrsm;vnf; awGU&
ojzifh olwdkYu ]]vuf0Jorm;}} [k rSwf,lxm;vdkufMu\/ uRefawmfu bmrQjyefrajym?
NyHK;íom aecJhayonf/ xdktwGif; uRefawmfuvnf; uAsmawG pum;ajyawG a&;zGJUvsuf
&Sdae\/
xdktcgu udk,fhudk,fudk bmrSef;rodao;/ pE´,m;cvkyfudk prf;MunfhaeqJ/
yef;csDpkwfwHudk wdkYaeqJ/ 0goemygaom bmom&yfrsm; pHkaeojzifh b,f[mudkrQ rydkifcJh/
rawmufwacgufcsnfhom jzpfaeqJ/
 ,if;odkYvQifausmif;om;b0u rdrdonf pmayESifh EdkifiHa&;? tEkynmESifh EdkifiHa&;?
b,fbufoefonfudk rpOf;pm;rdbJ&SdaepOf? udk,fhudk,fudk bmrSef;rodbJ cspfolESpfa,muf
Mum;ü Asmrsm;aepOf ]ar} 0w¬Kudk a&;xkwfvdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
1941/

(2)

pmayu uRefawmfu h dk wHkYjyefvdkufonf/ pmaytEkynmu uRefawmfhudk MudKufoGm;

NyD[k cHpm;vdkufrdonf/ xdkYaMumifh olYudk uRefawmfu Muifem&ayrnf/ ]]ar}} 0w¬K
xkwfrnf&Sdaomtcg EdkifiHa&;rdwfaqGrsm;uvnf; tm;ay;Muonf/ udkbaqG? e*g;eDrS
q&m udkxGef;a½TwdkYu ar 0w¬K jrefjrefxkwfjzpfatmif ulnDMuonf/ odkYESifh ar 0w¬K
onf 1941 u e*g;eDpmtkyfwdkufrS txl;xkwftjzpfxGufay: vmayonf/
ar 0w¬K xGufvmaomtcg ol&d,r*¾Zif; pmtkyftcef;ü a0befcsufygvmonf/
odyfESpfoufykH ray:/ uRefawmfwdkYxuf q,fpkESpfwacwfavmuf apmaom 0w¬K
a&;q&mBuD; wa,mufurl ]]ar 0w¬Ku ausmif;om; pmpDpmuHk; a&;ovdkbJ}} [k
qdkvdkufonf/ oluvnf; uRefawmf\ pum;ajyudk odyfESpfoufykHr&/ Ekao;onf[k
xifjrifjcif;jzpfonf/
uRefawmf\ pum;ajyrSm xdkacwftcgu 0w¬Ka&;q&mrsm; a&;aeaom pum;ajy
[efESifhum; rwl/ olwdkYtjrifü uRefawmf\ pum;ajyonf &ifhusufjcif;r&Sd?
cefYnm;jcif;r&Sd/ odkYaomf uRefawmfESifh ausmif;aebuf oli,fcsif;rsm;? e*g;eD pmzwf
y&dowfESifh txl;ojzifh uRefawmfESifh q,fpkESpf oufwrf; wacwfavmufi,faom
vli,frsm;u tm;ay;Muonf[k cHpm;rdonf/
xdktcgu uRefawmfonf udk,fhudk,fudk r,kHvSao;/ uRefawmf\NrdKU&Sd ygVd?
ayg&mP? ysKdUuAsmrsm;ü uRrf;usifaom vlysHawmf jrefrmpmjyq&mu ]]'Daumifawmh
ysufygNyD}} [k ajymaMumif; Mum;&onf/ q&mu uRefawmf\ '*kefr*¾Zif; a&SUrsufESmpmü
ygaom &wkyk'fpHkrsm;udkom csD;rGrf;cJh&m ,ck ar 0w¬KrSm olYtzdkY ESpfoufp&mr[kw/f
ar 0w¬K xGufNyD; rMumcifyif jrefrmEdkifiHodkY tm&S ppfrD;BuD; ul;pufvmawmhonf/
avaMumif;tcsufjy OMo? AHk;cdkusif;? tarSmifcsxm;aom nrsm;? *syefAHk;? Armh
vGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmf? rD;usnftajrmufoH? pufaoewfoH? rwfvawmfvSefa&;/
ppfBuD;NyD;aomtcg uRefawmfonf BudKufolESpfa,mufMum; Asmrsm;raeawmhbJ twGif;
pdwfu a½G;cs,fay;vdkufaomvrf;udk a½G;vdkufygawmhonf/
1946 ckü wm&mr*¾Zif;udk n§dxGef;vdkufawmhonf/
 uRefawmfonf ar 0w¬K y&dowfudk ,kHMunfcJhayNyD/ uRefawmfonf olYudk Muifem&
ayrnf/
uRefawmfonf rlvu uAsmorm;omjzpfonf/ ar 0w¬K a&;NyD;aomtcg
pum;ajyudkvnf; ,kHMunfpjyKvmawmhonf/ ar 0w¬K a&;om;rI tawGUtBuKHu
uRefawmfu h dk pum;ajy tEkynmoabmw&m; oifMum;ay;vdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/
ar 0w¬K a&;cJhonfrSm tESpf oHk;q,fausmfayNyD/ q,fpkESpf ESpfacwf okH;acwf
jzwfoef;ausmfvGefcJhayNyD/
acwfay: jrefrmpmayonf uAsmu@? pum;ajyu@rsm;ü ajymif;vJvmcJhayNyD/
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wuúodkvf jzpfaeonfrSm ,kHwrf;pum;r[kwf/
q,fpkESpfacwfrsm;onf onfavmuf uGm[aeírjzpf/ wuúodkvf pmMunfhwdkuf
oGm;um vGefcJhaom tESpf 30-40 u owif;pma[mif;rsm;udk jyefvnfzwf½IMuum
q,fESpfacwfrsm;\ t&dyfrsm;udk avhvm oHk;oyfEdkifMuayrnf/
,ckvnf; vGefcJhaom tESpf oHk;q,fausmfu uHhaumf&dyfü vIyf&Sm;bl;aom ]ar}
qdkaom trsdK;orD;acsmuav;udk q,fpkESpfacwfrsm; jzwfoef;wdk;0ifí acsmif;Munfh
apvdkayonf/

ar \½kyfvTmudk zGJUaom pum;ajyonf oif\&ifudk ckefEdkifygao;ovm;/

21-10-73
'*kefwm&m

OD;tAsm;rS ul;,lazmfjyonf/
 (u)
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onf/ ,if; 56 ESpftwGif; (4) Budrf ½dkufESdyfcJhonf/ pE´m r*¾Zif;? ½kyf&Sifaw;uAsm
r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif tywfpOf xnfhcJhonf/
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ar 0w¦Kudk ausmif;om;b0u a&;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ pmzwfy&dwfowfrsm;udk uRefawmf
jzwfoef;cJhNyD;NyD/ ar0w¦Kudk bmaMumifh pmzwfy&dwfowfu zwf½Ionfudk od&ef cufvS
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a&;cJhNyD;NyD/ BudKufolvnf;&Sdrnf/ rBudKufolwdkYu rzwfbJ aeEdkifonf/ odkYaomf
bmaMumifh pmzwfy&dowfu BudKuf&ovJ qdkonfrSm uRefawmft h wGuf ykpämjzpfonf/
BudKufonfqdkvQif auseyf&onf/

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*E¦avmu r*¾Zif;? wuúodkvfESpfywfvnf r*¾Zif;/ r*¾Zif;qdkonfu uRefawmf
wpfa,mufwnf; a&;zGJUonfr[kwf/ trsm;ygonf/ onfawmh r*¾Zif;0,f,l zwf½IolwdkY
onf pmrsKd;pHkxJrS uRefawmf\ pmwpfyk'fudk od&Sdvmonf/ uRefawmfh y&dowf[k ajym&ef
cufonf/
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pma&;q&mwpfOD;\ pmzwfy&dowftuJudk prf;jcif;vnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ ar0w¦KxGufNyD;
aemuf (4) vtMumwGif t&SppfBuD; jzpfoGm;onf/ ar0w¦K ukefoGm;onfudkawmh e*g;eD
pmtkyfwdkufrS od&Sdvkduf&onf/
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q&mrsm;xHrS xifjrifcsufrsm; awmif;,lí e*g;eD*sme,fwGifyif xifjrifcsufrsm; ygvmcJh
zl;onf/ pmzwfy&dowf\ toHudkawmh uRefawmf aumif;pGm rodcJhay/ odkYaomf
ppfNyD;aomtcg tcsKdUaom pmzwfy&dwfowfESifh awGUonf/
pmzwfy&dowfrSmvnf; uRefawmfwdkY rsKd;qufcsif; vli,frsm; jzpfonfudk awGU&
onf/ 1947 ckwGif ar0w¦K 'kwd,tBudrf xGufvmonf/ onfawmh enf;enf;yg;yg;
pmzwfy&dowfxHrS vufvSrf;rDoavmuf od&onf/ 1960 cku wwd,tBudrf? pwkw¦
tBudrfuawmh 1970 ckausmfp jzpfrnf/ pE´mr*¾Zif;wGifvnf; vpOfygzl;onf/ ,ck yOör
tBudrf xkwfa0&onf/ pmzwfy&dowfu rnfodkY oabmxm;rnfvJ/ uRefawmf pdwf0if
pm;onf/
ar0w¦K xGufpuawmh uRefawmf\pmzwfy&dowfrSm yxrrsKd;quf acwfvli,frsm;
jzpfrnfudkawmh rSef;qrdNyD;om; jzpfonf/
vGefcJhaom 10 ESpfcefYujzpfrnf/ uRefawmfwdkYESifh ausmif;aezuf pmayrdwfaqG\
ZeD;u ar0w¦KESifhywfowfí pum;pajymNyD; ]]udkaX;NrdKif&,f? ckacwfa&;wmawG uRefr
awmh zwfr&bl;/ udkaX;NrdKifwdkYacwfu pmawGyJ zwf&w,f}} [k ajymvdkufonf/ olru
awmh uRefawmfwdkYESifh rsKd;qufwpfqufwnf;/ aemufqufvuf BuD;vmaomtcg 0w¦K
rsm;udk zwfonf/ rnfonfhpmayudk zwfonfudkawmh rod/ uRefawmfvnf; rpl;prf;/
odkYaomf olrBudKufonfrSm tenf;qHk;uawmh uRefawmfh pum;ajy ta&;tzGJU 0w¦K jzpf
Edkifonf[k &ifxJu awG;Munfhvdkufonf/ ppfNyD;aomtcg uRefawmfwkdYESifh rsKd;qufcsif;
wpfqufwnf; rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh odyfrawGU/ wpfcgwpf&HrQom awGU&onf/
aemufwGif 'kwd,rsKd;quf? wwd,rsKd;qufrsm;ESifh uRefawmf txdtawGU rsm;vm
onf/ wcsKdU uRefawmf\ ar0w¦Kudk zwfzl;yHkr&/ odyfrajym/ olwdkYu uAsmtaMumif;
tajymrsm;onf/ EdkifiHa&;&m oabmw&m;rsm; ajymMuonf/ acwfNydKifcHpm;rI taMumif;
ajymMuonf/ uRefawmfonf yxr rsKd;quf? 'kwd,rsKd;quf? wwd,pmayrsKd;quf
acwfrsm;udk jzwfoef;cJh&m wpfacwfESifh wpfacwf pmayqef;opfrIonf rwlMu/
rwlwmu ta&;rBuD;/ rwlonfrSmvnf; obm0usonf[k uRefawmfu ,lq
onf/
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tawmfav;a&;zl;onf/ vGefcJhaom 4-5 ESpfuawmh uRefawmfh0w¦K tawmfav; xGufvm
onf/ topfvnf;yg? ta[mif;vnf;yg? xkwfa0olwdkYu uRefawmf\ 0w¦Kudk xkwfa0
jcif;udkaxmufí uRefawmfhwGif 0w¦Ky&dowf &Sdonf[k cefYrSef;&onf/

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ausmfNyDqdkawmh uRefawmf\ ½kyfyHkvTmonf yDoí vm&ayrnf/ ,ck ar0w¦K xkwfa0ol
udk aus;Zl;wif&ayrnf/ olonf uRefawmf\ 0w¦Ky&dowfudk &nfrSef;í xkwfa0&ef
qHk;jzwfjcif; jzpfrnf/
pmzwfy&dowf qdkonfuvnf; ordkif;acwfESifhtwlyif pD;qif;vsuf &Sdwwfonf/
uRefawmf ausmif;omb0u ar0w¦K y&dowfonf ,aeY uRefawmhf pmayy&dowftjzpf
qufvufwnf&Sdaeao;ovm; rod/ xdkYaemuf uRefawmfonf 'kwd,rsKd;qufacwfodkY
a&mufvmonf/ 'kwd,rsKd;qufacwfwGif pmzwfy&dowf topfwdk;vmrnf/ ,ck
wwd, rsKd;qufacwf wGifvnf; topfrsm; wdk;vmrnf/ ,if;odkY pD;qif;vsuf&Sdaom
topf? topf pmayy&dowfrsm;udk uRefawmf jzwfoef;vsuf &Sdaeonfum;? trSefyif/
'kwd,ESifh wwd, rsKd;qufacwfrsm;wGif 0w¦Krsm;udk a&;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf
odyfrrsm;/ 0w¦Kwdkuawmh rsm;onf/
1948 cku NrdKif0w¦K/ 1953 ck Mumyef;a&pif/ 1973 cku 'dkYacwfudk a&muf&rnf
rvGJyg/ 1987 cku okemy&EÅ/ xdkYaemuf 1987 ckwGif pdrf;jr{&m/ 1994 ckwGif
pE´&m;q&m paom 0w¦Kvwfrsm; a&;vmcJhonf/ y&dowfuawmh wpfacwfESifh wpfacwf
wlrnfrxif/
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vdkufonf/ ,aeY 0w¦Kzwfy&dowfu rnfodkY wkYHjyefrnfvJ/ 0w¦Kqdkonfuawmh
vltaMumif; a&;zGJUxm;aom &opmay jzpfonf/ vltaMumif;a&;aom &opmayudk
vlu zwfMuonf/ ,if;vlqdkonfuvnf; ordkif;acwfrsm; ajymif;vJpD;qif;vmonfh
tavsmuf wpfacwfESifhwpfacwf cHpm;rIjcif;uawmh a,bk,stm;jzifhawmh rwlMu/
cHpm;rIqdkonfu vlwdkY\ arG;&myg ydkifqdkifxm;aom t&nftcsif;wpfck/
tEkynm cHpm;rIonfvnf; arG;&myg t&nftcsif;wpfck/ ,aeY ar0w¦K\ cHpm;rI
tzGJUtEGJU tEkynmudk ,aeY pmayy&dowfu rnfodkY wkefYjyefrnfvJ/ uRefawmfrod/
odkYaomf 0w¦KxGufvmaomtcgwGifum; od&ayrnf/
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ajymif;vJonfhtavsmuf rsKd;qufrsm;wGif;vnf; cHpm;rI ajymif;vnf;wwfoavm[k awG;
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wifwifjr\ cHpm;rIaw;oHudk ESpfoufpJGvrf;aomfvnf; ,aeYvli,f aygufprsm;onf
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onf/
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olr\ cHpm;rIudk ajzavsmhcsonf/ aZmf0if;xG#fu aygufuGJrIUjzifh azmfjyonf/
,aeYwGif rif;rif;vwfacwfrSpí aygufuGJrIaw;oHudk ESpfouf pGJvrf;Muaom
q,fausmfouf vli,frsm; trsm;tjym;udk awGUEdkifonf/ xdkYaMumifhyifvQif wdwfacGrsm;
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udkvnf; cHpm;/ uRefawmfu yef;wdkif;yGifhaporm;/
pmayvnf; xdkYtwlyif/ xdkYaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrd\ pmay y&dowfudk
odatmif BudK;pm;&onf/ vG,fawmhodyfrvG,f/ y&dowfu olwdkY\ wkHYjyefrIudk ajymjy
onfr[kwf/ a0zefa&;q&mwdkYuom azmfjywwfonf/ vGefcJhaom 56 ESpfu a&;zGJU
cJhaom 0w¦Kudk ,aeY pmzwfy&dowfu rnfodkY wkHYjyefrnfvJ/

'*kefwm&m
27-7-97
uavm

yOörtBudrftrSmudk jyefvnfazmfjyygonf/
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(1)

avEkat;onf? wEGJUEGJU aemhaeqJudk . . . /

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rSm wESpfukefNyefí aEGausmif;ydwf&uftwGuf ae&yfodkYjyef&ef odyÜHausmif;BuD;rS

15
'*kefwm&m ar

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16
'*kefwm&m ar

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17
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18
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36
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37
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38
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40
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41
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42
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44
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48
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52
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53
'*kefwm&m ar

aom tcef;xJodkY udpöwckudk &r,f&Smí oGm;&rnfjzpf\/ OD;azarmifrSm tcsufaumif;

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54
'*kefwm&m ar

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55
'*kefwm&m ar

yg;wdku Y dkom a&mufaeMu\/ ol\ rsufESmonf aNymifívm\/ olonf oufjyif;cs

vdkuf\/ olonf armvm\/
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½kef;ojzifh olYESmacgif;onf yg;ay:a&m ezl;ay:a&m a&mufae\/ olonf arhudk
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½kef;jyef\/
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cspfvGef;vdkYyg ar&,f}}
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Nzpfavonf/ aronf olYyg;udk vuf0g;jzifh yGwfavonf/ aemuf aronf ajy;í
wHcg;udk rif;wkef;xdk;\/

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56
'*kefwm&m ar

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aronf taemufodkY ½kef;\/

57
'*kefwm&m ar

OD;azarmifonf NyHK;um nmvufudk ajr§mufvdkuf\/ aru bmvkyftHk;rnfvJ

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&vdkufavonf/

_______

(6)

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58
'*kefwm&m ar

olonf reufuyif rcifpDwdkYxHodkY olvmrnfhtaMumif; pmxnfhvdkufonf/ olonf 0dkif

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59
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60
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61
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62
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63
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65
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66
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67
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68
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69
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70
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71
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73
'*kefwm&m ar

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74
'*kefwm&m ar

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75
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96
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97
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98
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99
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106
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107
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108
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(16)

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