Chapter 30

Communication Systems

Solutions

SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
(Elements of a Communication System)

1. Out of the following, which is not an essential element of a communication system?

(1) Transmitter (2) Transducer (3) Receiver (4) Communication channel
Sol. Answer (2)
A tranducer is a device to convert energy from one form to the other.

2. A repeater is a combination of
(1) Receiver (2) Amplifier (3) Transmitter (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
A repeater receives signals from a place and further transmits it. It needs the help of all three components.

3. A device that connects one computer to another across ordinary telephone lines is called
(1) Transducer (2) Fax (3) Modem (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Modem.

4. A basic communication system consists of

A. Transmitter B. Information source C. User of information D. Channel

E. Receiver

Choose the correct sequence in which these are arranged in a basic communication system

(1) ABCDE (2) BADEC (3) BDACE (4) BEADC

Sol. Answer (2)

Fact.

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5. A device which connects one computer to another is known as

(1) Photostat machine (2) Laser lazer (3) Modem (4) FAX
Sol. Answer (3)
Fact.

6. Modem is a device used for

(1) Converting digital to analog signals (2) Converting analog signal to digital signals
(3) Either of these (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
By definition.

7. The communication satellite are parked at a height of (from surface of earth)

(1) 36 km (2) 360 km (3) 3600 km (4) 36000 km
Sol. Answer (4)
Fact.

8. A device which provides output in electrical form or it has input in electrical form is called a
(1) Transmitter (2) Receiver (3) Repeater (4) Transducer
Sol. Answer (4)
A tranducer converts energy from electrical to sound or vice versa.
(Basic Terminology Used in Electronic Communication Systems)

9. Decrease in signal strength due to energy losses is called

(1) Distortion (2) Interference (3) Attenuation (4) Noise
Sol. Answer (3)
Fact.

10. The disturbance or distortion in the transmission and processing of message signals is called
(1) Noise (2) Attenuation (3) Interference (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact.

11. Loss of strength of a signal is known as

(1) Noise (2) Attenuation (3) Modulation (4) De-modulation
Sol. Answer (2)
By definition/Fact.
(Band Width of Signals)

12. The audible range of frequencies is

(1) 20 kHz to 20 MHz (2) 20 Hz to 20 kHz (3) 20 Hz to 20 MHz (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Fact.
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(Band Width of transmission medium)

13. The frequency band of FM broadcast is

(1) 88 MHz to 108 MHz (2) 88 Hz to 88 kHz
(3) 800 kHz to 8000 MHz (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact.

14. Long distance short-wave radio broad-casting uses

(1) Ground wave (2) Ionospheric wave (3) Direct wave (4) Sky wave
Sol. Answer (2)
Fact.

15. For television broadcasting, the frequency employed is normally

(1) 30 - 300 MHz (2) 30 - 300 GHz
(3) 30 - 300 kHz (4) 30 - 300 Hz
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact.

16. The radio waves of frequency ranging from 2 MHz to 30 MHz are called
(1) Sky waves (2) Ground waves
(3) Space waves (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact.

17. For VHF television broadcasting, the frequency employed is generally

(1) 54 - 72 MHz (2) 420 - 890 MHz
(3) 540 - 1600 kHz (4) 88 - 108 kHz
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact.

18. 3-30 MHz frequency range is known as

(1) HF (2) VHF
(3) UHF (4) MF
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact.

19. Satellite communication is generally carried out for frequencies above

(1) 1 MHz (2) 1 kHz
(3) 20 MHz (4) 20 kHz
Sol. Answer (3)
Fact.
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(Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves)

20. Three waves A, B and C of frequencies 1600 kHz, 5 MHz and 60 MHz, respectively are to be transmitted from
one place to another. Which of the following is the most appropriate mode of communication?
(1) A is transmitted via space wave while B and C are transmitted via sky wave
(2) A is transmitted via ground wave, B via sky wave and C via space wave
(3) B and C are transmitted via ground wave while A is transmitted via sky wave
(4) B is transmitted via ground wave while A and C are transmitted via space wave
Sol. Answer (2)

21. The velocity of electromagnetic waves in a dielectric medium (refractive index  = 4) is

(1) 3  108 metre/second (2) 1.5  108 metre/second
(3) 6  108 metre/second (4) 7.5  107 metre/second
Sol. Answer (4)

c
v= = 7.5 × 107 m/s
µ

22. The distance between consecutive maxima and minima is given by

(1) /2 (2) 2 (3)  (4) /4
Sol. Answer (4)
Fact.

23. The T.V. transmission tower in Delhi has a height of 240 m. The distance up to which the broadcast can be
received, (taking the radius of earth to be 6.4  106 m) is
(1) 100 km (2) 60 km (3) 55 km (4) 50 km
Sol. Answer (3)
Height of TV tower h = 240 m

Distance = 2Rh = 2  6.4  106  240  55425 km = 55.425 km

24. A ground receiver station is receiving a signal at 500 MHz transmitted from a ground transmitter at a height
of 300 m located at a distance of 500 km. It is coming via
(1) Ground wave (2) Space wave (3) Sky wave (4) Satellite communication
Sol. Answer (4)

25. The area of the region covered by the T.V., broadcast by a T.V. tower of height 100 m is
(1) 8.4 108 m2 (2) 1.28 109 m2 (3) 1.92 108 m2 (4) 8.4 109 m2
Sol. Answer (2)
A = 2Rh
Take R = 6.4 × 106 and h = 1000

26. An information signal of 150 MHz is to be sent across a distance of 40 km. Which mode of communication
is suitable?
(1) Ground wave propagation (2) Space wave propagation
(3) Sky wave propagation (4) Satellite communication
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Sol. Answer (2)
Fact.

27. Line of sight (LOS) communication is also known as

(1) Ground wave communication (2) Space wave communication
(3) Sky wave communication (4) Ionospheric communication
Sol. Answer (2)
By definition/Fact.

28. Long distance short wave radio broadcasting uses

(1) Ground wave (2) Sky wave (3) Direct wave (4) Space wave
Sol. Answer (2)
Fact.
(Modulation and Its Necessity)

29. If  is wavelength of radio signals to be transmitted, then the length of Hertz antenna is
 
(1)  (2) (3) (4) 2
4 2
Sol. Answer (3)

Fact.

30. Modulation is necessary

(1) To select suitable size of antenna
(2) To increase effective power radiated by antenna
(3) To avoid mixing up of signals from different transmitters
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)

Fact.

31. An ‘antenna’ is
(1) Inductive (2) Capacitative
(3) Resistive above its resonance frequency (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)

Fact.

32. Broadcasting antennas are generally

(1) Omnidirectional type (2) Vertical type
(3) Horizontal type (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)

Fact.

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33. The sound waves after being converted into electrical waves are not transmitted as such because
(1) They travel with the speed of sound
(2) The frequency is not constant
(3) They are highly absorbed by the atmosphere
(4) The height of antenna has to be increased several times
Sol. Answer (3)

Fact.

34. The process of superimposing signal frequency (i.e., audio wave) on the carrier wave is known as
(1) Transmission (2) Reception
(3) Modulation (4) Detection
Sol. Answer (3)
By definition/Fact.

35. The process of changing some characteristic of a carrier wave in accordance with the signal to be transmitted
is called
(1) Amplification (2) Rectification (3) Modulation (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)

By definition/Fact.

36. Modulation is done in

(1) Transmitter (2) Radio receiver
(3) Communication channel (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)

Fact.

37. “Need for modulation” arises due to which of the following reasons?

2
 1
(1) Power radiated by an antenna    (2) It allows multiple user-friendly communication
 

 
(3) Height of antenna required    (4) All of these
 4

Sol. Answer (4)

All of the reasons are true.

38. If a carrier of 1000 kHz is used to carry the signal, the length of transmitting antenna will be equal to
(1) 3 m (2) 30 m
(3) 75 m (4) 3000 mn

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Solutions of Assignment Communication Systems 243
Sol. Answer (3)
C
Wavelength = = 300 m
106

λ 300
Size of antenna = = = 75 m
4 4

(Amplitude Modulation)

39. Identify the mathematical expression for amplitude modulated wave

(1) (Ac + Amsinmt)cos(ct + ) (2) Acsin{ct +  + k2m(t)}
(3) {Ac + k2m(t)}sin(ct + ) (4) Acm(t)sin[ct +]

Sol. Answer (1)

General equation of AM wave is

(Ac + Am sin mt) cos(ct + )

40. In an amplitude modulated wave for audio -frequency of 500 cycles/second, the appropriate carrier frequency
will be

(1) 50 cycles/s (2) 100 cycles/s (3) 500 cycles/s (4) 50,000 cycles/s

Sol. Answer (4)

Frequency of carrier wave must be more than modulating wave. Hence answer is (4).

41. Radio wave of constant amplitude can be generated with

(1) Filter (2) Rectifier (3) FET (4) Oscillator

Sol. Answer (4)

Fact.

42. An audio signal of 0.1 V is used in amplitude modulation of a career wave of amplitude 0.3. The modulation
index is

1
(1) 3 (2) (3) 0.03 (4) None of these
3
Sol. Answer (2)

Am 0.1
µ= or µ =
Ac 0.3

43. Which of the following is an advantage of FM over AM?

(1) Less noise (2) Larger bandwidth
(3) More circuit complexity (4) Can be transmitted to longer distance
Sol. Answer (1)

Fact.

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(Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave)

44. A speech signal of 3 kHz used to modulate a carrier signal of frequency 1 MHz, using amplitude modulation.
The frequencies of the side bands will be
(1) 1.003 MHz and 0.997 MHz (2) 3001 kHz and 2997 kHz
(3) 1003 kHz and 1000 kHz (4) 1 MHz and 0.997 MHz
Sol. Answer (1)
Side band frequency = c + m and c – m

45. A message signal of frequency m is superposed on a carrier wave of frequency c to get an amplitude
modulated wave (AM). The frequency of the AM wave will be
c   m c   m
(1) m (2) c (3) (4)
2 2
Sol. Answer (2)

Frequency of AM wave = Frequency of carrier wave.

46. A male voice after modulation-transmission sounds like that of a female to the receiver. The problem is due
to
(1) Poor selection of modulation index (selected 0 < m < 1)
(2) Poor bandwidth selection of amplifiers
(3) Poor selection of carrier frequency
(4) Loss of energy in transmission
Sol. Answer (2)
Fact/Theory.

47. The frequency of amplitude modulated wave is equal to

(1) Frequency of carrier wave (fc) (2) Frequency of modulating signal (fm)
fc  fm fc  fm
(3) (4)
2 2
Sol. Answer (1)

Fact/By definition.
(Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave)

48. A photodetector is made from a compound semiconductor with band gap 0.73 eV. The maximum wavelength
it can detect is
(1) 12400 Å (2) 17030 Å (3) 6200 Å (4) 1703 Å
Sol. Answer (2)

hc
= 0.73 × 1.6 × 10 −19
λ

Solve for 

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SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
(Elements of a Communication System)

1. A device which converts one type of energy into other is known as

(1) Attenuator (2) Transmitter
(3) Receiver (4) Transducer
Sol. Answer (4)
By definition.

2. Modem is a device used for

(1) Modulation (2) Demodulation
(3) Converting physical variables into electrical form (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (4)
By definition/Fact.

3. The ‘Facsimile Transmission (FAX)’ involves

(1) Speech communication (2) Telegraphy
(3) Exact reproduction of a document or static picture (4) Taking photograph
Sol. Answer (3)
Fact.
(Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves)

4. The intensity of a light pulse travelling along an optical fibre decreases exponentially with distance according
to the relation I = I0e–0.0693x where x is in km and I0 is intensity of incident pulse. The intensity of pulse reduces
1
to after travelling a distance
4
(1) 1 km (2) 10 km
(3) 20 km (4) 40 km
Sol. Answer (3)
I = I0e–0.0693x
I0
= I0 e −0.0693 x
4
1
= e −0.0693 x
4
 1
loge    0.0632 x
4

loge 1 – loge 4 = – 0.06932 x

0 – 2.300 × 2 log102 = – 0.06932 x

x = 20 km

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5. Numerical aperture of an optical fibre (w.r.t. air) having core and cladding refractive indices n1 and n2 respectively
is

(1) n12  n22 (2) sin 1 n12  n22 (3) cos 1 n12  n22 (4) tan 1 n12  n22
Sol. Answer (1)
n1 =  of core
n2 =  of cladding '

 = 90 –  i
n1 sinc = n2 sin90º
 n1 sin = n2
n2
 sin = n
1

Numerical Perture = n1 sin = n1 sin(90 – ) = n1 cosc

Numerical aperture = n1 1 − sin2 θc = n12 − n22

6. On a particular day, the maximum frequency reflected from the ionosphere is 10 MHz. The maximum electron
density in ionosphere is

(1) 106/m2 (2) 1012/m3 (3) 1.23 × 1012/m3 (4) 1/9 × 106/m3

Sol. Answer (3)

fc = 9 (N
max)

7. An optical fibre having core of refractive index 3 and cladding of refractive index 1.5 is kept in air. The
maximum angle of acceptance is

(1) 60° (2) 45° (3) 30° (4) 15°

Sol. Answer (1)

1
sin θc = ....(i)
1.5
sin i
µ=
sin r
sin i
3= ....(ii)
sin r
π
r + θc = ....(iii)
2
Solve for i

8. A ground receiver station is receiving a signal at 100 MHz transmitted from a ground transmitter at a height
of 300 m located at a distance of 1000 km. It is coming via
(1) Ground wave (2) Space wave (3) Sky wave (4) Satellite communication
Sol. Answer (4)
Fact.
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9. If 1 and 2 are the refractive indices of the material of core and cladding respectively of an optical fiber, then
(1) 1 > 2 (2) 1 < 2 (3) 1 = 2 (4) 1  2
Sol. Answer (1)
Refractive index of core is always greater than cladding in an optical fibre.

10. A transmitting antenna at the top of tower has a height 32 m and height of receiving antenna is 50 m. Minimum
distance between them for satisfactory LOS mode of communication is
(1) 40 km (2) 45 km (3) 60 km (4) 100 km
Sol. Answer (2)

∵ d  2RHT  2RHR  45536 m  45.536 km

(Amplitude Modulation)

11. An AM broadcasting station has a vertical telescopic transmitting antenna and a receiver has a vertical telescopic
antenna. The receiver will respond to
(1) Electric component of the electromagnetic wave produced by antenna
(2) Magnetic component of the electromagnetic wave produced by antenna
(3) Both electric and magnetic components of electromagnetic wave produced by antenna
(4) 50% of both components of electromagnetic wave produced by antenna
Sol. Answer (1)

12. In an AM wave for audio frequency of 3400 cycle/s, the appropriate carrier frequency will be
(1) 1000 Hz (2) 34000 MHz (3) 60000 Hz (4) 800,000 Hz
Sol. Answer (4)
Fact.

13. In frequency modulation, the amount of frequency deviation depends on the

(1) Frequency of audio signal (2) Amplitude of audio signal
(3) Both the frequency and amplitude of audio signal (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Fact.
(Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave)
14. A demodulator circuit contains
(1) A diode (2) A transistor
(3) A solar cell (4) Logic gate
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact.

15. An audio signal of amplitude one half the carrier amplitude is used in an amplitude modulation. The modulation
index is
(1) 2 (2) 0.25 (3) 0.50 (4) 0.125
Sol. Answer (3)
Am
µ= = 0.5
Ac
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16. Which of the following modulation index produces noise?

(1) 0.5 (2) 0.8 (3) 1.2 (4) 0.7
Sol. Answer (3)
Medulation index greater than one produces noise. We keep modulation index less than 1.

SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. The radiowaves of frequency 300 MHz to 3000 MHz belong to
(1) High frequency band (2) Very high frequency band
(3) Ultra high frequency band (4) Super high frequency band
Sol. Answer (3)
Fact.

2. Range of frequencies alotted for commerical FM radio broad cast is

(1) 88 to 108 MHz (2) 88 to 108 kHz (3) 8 to 88 MHz (4) 88 to 108 GHz
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact.

3. The length of a half wave dipole antenna at 30 MHz is

(1) 10 m (2) 50 m (3) 5 m (4) 100 m
Sol. Answer (3)

c 3 × 108
λ= = = 10 m
f 3 × 107
λ
Length of half wave antenna = =5m
2

4. In a single reflection from the ionosphere, the sky waves cover a distance on ground not more than
(1) 400 m (2) 4000 m (3) 400 km (4) 4000 km
Sol. Answer (4)
Fact.

5. The maximum range of ground or surface wave propagation depends on

(1) The frequency of radiowaves only (2) Power of the transmitter only
(3) Both on frequency as well as power (4) Wavelength of radiowaves
Sol. Answer (3)
Fact.

6. Refractive index of ionosphere is

(1) Zero (2) More than one (3) Less than one (4) One
Sol. Answer (3)
Refractive index of ionosphere is less than 1.
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7. For sky wave propagation of a 10 MHz signal, what should be the minimum electron density in ionosphere?
(1) 1.2 × 108 m–3 (2) 1.2 × 1012 m–3
(3) 1.2 × 1014 m–3 (4) 1.2 × 1016 m–3
Sol. Answer (2)

fc  9 Nmax

8. The TV tower has a height of 100 m. What is the maximum distance upto which the T.V. transmission can
be received ?
(1) 34.77 km (2) 32.70 km
(3) 35.2 km (4) 40.70 km
Sol. Answer (3)

Maximum distance is given by d = 2Rh

R = 6.4 × 106m h = 100 m

9. If both the length of the antenna and the wavelength of the signal to the transmitted are doubled, the power
radiated by the antenna
(1) Remains constant (2) Is doubled (3) Is halved (4) Increases 16 times
Sol. Answer (1)
2
L
∵ P  


10. Arrange the following communication frequency bands in the increasing order of frequencies
a. AM broadcast b. Cellular mobile radio c. FM broadcast d. Television UHF
e. Satellite communication
(1) a, b, c, d, e (2) a, c, b, d, e (3) e, b, d, c, a (4) a, c, d, b, e
Sol. Answer (4)
Fact.

11. Modulation is the process of superposing

(1) Low frequency radio signal on low frequency audiowaves
(2) Low frequency audio signal on high frequency waves
(3) High frequency radio signal on low frequency audio signal
(4) High frequency audio signal on low frequency radiowaves
Sol. Answer (2)
By definition/Fact.

12. The waves used by artificial satellites for communication purposes are
(1) Microwaves (2) AM radiowaves (3) X-rays (4) FM radiowaves
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact.
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13. In communication with help of antenna, if height is doubled, then the range covered which was initially ‘r’ would
become

(1) 2r (2) 3r (3) 4r (4) 5r

Sol. Answer (1)

Range(r) = 2Rh

r2 = 2R 2h

r2 = 2r

14. Which range of frequencies can be transmitted suitably by sky wave propagation?
(1) 5 kHz to 500 kHz (2) 1 MHz to 2 MHz (3) 2 MHz to 20 MHz (4) Above 50 MHz
Sol. Answer (3)
Fact.

15. In an optical fibre, the light signal is transmitted by

(1) Refraction at the core-cladding interface
(2) Interference between the incident and inflected waves
(3) Repeated total internal reflections at the core and cladding interface
(4) Polarisation of optical signals
Sol. Answer (3)
Fact.

16. Fraction of total power carried by the side bands (PS/PT) is given by

2  m2 2m m2
(1) m2 (2) (3) (4)
m2 m 2  m2
Sol. Answer (4)
Fact.

17. The band width of amplitude modulation is

(1) Equal to frequency of aduio signal (2) Double the frequency of audio signal
(3) Half the frequency of carrier wave (4) Double the frequency of carrier wave
Sol. Answer (2)
Band width = 2m

18. Electromagnetic waves with frequencies greater than the critical frequency of ionosphere cannot be used for
communication using sky wave propagation because
(1) The refractive index of ionosphere becomes very high for f > fc
(2) The refractive index of ionosphere becomes very low for f > fc
(3) The refractive index of ionosphere becomes very high for f < fc
(4) The refractive index of ionosphere becomes very low for f < fc
Sol. Answer (1)

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SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : Modulator is an essential component of a transmitter.

R : Modulator superimposes a low frequency message signal on a high frequency carrier wave.

Sol. Answer (2)

2. A : Short wave bands are used for transmission of radio waves to a large distance.

R : Short waves are reflected by ionosphere.

Sol. Answer (1)

3. A : If the amplitude of a message signal is half of the amplitude of the carrier wave, then the index of
modulation is 50%.

R : In amplitude modulation the amplitude of the carrier wave varies in accordance with the signal voltage of
the message signal.

Sol. Answer (2)

Am
µ=
Ac . Hence assertion is true.

4. A : The bandwidth of a modulated signal is 2fm in amplitude modulation, where fm is the frequency of the
modulating signal.

R : In case of amplitude modulation the frequency of a modulated signal is equal to the frequency of the carrier
wave.

Sol. Answer (2)

5. A : The process of demodulation is carried out to retrieve the message signal.

R : The range of the line-of-sight propagation is limited mainly due to earth’s curvature.

Sol. Answer (2)

6. A : Transducer in communication system converts electrical signal into a physical quantity.

R : For information signal to be transmitted directly to long distances, modulation is not a necessary process.

Sol. Answer (4)

7. A : Microwave propagation is better than the skywave propagation.

R : Microwaves have frequencies 100 to 300 GHz which have very good directional properties.

Sol. Answer (1)

8. A : In satellite communication, generally we keep different uplink and downlink frequencies.

R : In case of failures, the detection of faulty link becomes easier if frequencies are kept different.
Sol. Answer (1)

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9. A : Remote sensing satellites can send continuous pictures of the earth even when clouds are present or it
is dark night.
R : These satellites use infrared as well as microwaves apart from visible light photography.
Sol. Answer (1)

10. A : Optical communication system is more economical than other systems of communications.
R : The information carrying capacity of a communication system is directly proportional to its band width.
Sol. Answer (1)

‰ ‰ ‰

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