rr FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER ISESSION 2012/13 FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY DEGREE PROGRAMME COURSE : BIOSTATISTICS COURSE CODE : APS 4373 DURATION : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES. 1. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet provided.Candidates are prohibited to bring any material in the examination hall unless permitted to do so by chief invigilator. 2. Candidates are allowed to bring scientific calculator into the examination hall 3. Statistical tables are provided. This Question Booklet consists of 5 printed pages.a APS 4373/FPB/ SEMESTER | SESSION 2012/13 QUESTION 4 (17 Marks) Data in an experiment was used to explore sex differences in reaction scores for one type of animal ‘The two variables used are sex (with males coded as 4 and females coded as 2) and tscore, which is the total reaction score recorded for an animal on a ten-scale. Statistical package SPSS was used to do a t-test. Some of the outputs are as follows Group Statistics Sex N_ Mean | Std Deviation ‘Std Error Male 184 34.02 4.31 0.36 Sleetbasiaba Female 252 | 83.47 0.36 Independent Samples Test Levene’s Test [ for Equality of test for Means Variances 95 % c.i of the Std. 12 Sig. | Mean bit Fo} 80 | tate | | DF | pir | mor Lower | Upper Total | Equal 7 Score | Variances | 3.506 | 0602 | 1.622 | 434 | 105 | 86 | 052 | -0.18 | 1.67 Assumed Equal Variances 4661 [42235] 098 | 85 | 16 | -1.51 | 1.85 Assumed Note: Dif = Difference ‘What are the mean and standard deviation of the total score for the male? (@ marks) b. What is the sample size of the female? (2 marks) ¢. Are the variances of the score for male and female significantly different (Use 5% significant level)? Why? (4 marks) d. Are the means score for the male and female significantly different? (Use 10% significant evel). Show the numbers that support your answer. (4 marks) e. What is the 95% confidence interval for the difference in means for the male and female? Please interpret, 25 (4 marks)‘APS 4373/FPB/ SEMESTER I SESSION 2012/13, QUESTION 2 (15 Marks) ‘A manufacturer of paper used for packaging a type of food requires minimum strength of 20 pounds Per square inch. To check on the quality of the paper, a random sample of 10 pieces of paper is selected each hour from the previous hour's production and a strength measurement is recorded for each. The sample mean of the recorded measurements is 21 pounds. Assume the probability distribution of the strength is normally distributed with the standard deviation2 pounds per square inch. a. What is the probability distribution of the sample mean of n=10 test pieces of paper? (state the name of the distribution and variance) (4 marks) b. Ifthe mean of the population of strength is unknown, what are the point estimate and 95% confidence interval of the mean of the population? (6 marks) c. What is the probability that, for a random sample of n=10 test pieces of paper, sampie mean less than 20 pounds? (you can assume the point estimate in b as the population mean) (5 marks) QUESTION 3 (19 Marks) The data in table below gave the diameters and heights of ten specimens of a species of small plant, that were found in a mapping expedition near a river. The first column gives the identification symbol for the species, the second and third rows give the species’ diameter and height, respectively, in mm. [Specimen] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 40 Diameter [165 | ~i94 | 473 | 200 | 179 | 213 | 134 | 191 799 Height 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 76 | 76 | 7 | 68 | 65 Let x equal the height and y equal the diameter of the plant. So, we can find the following, Dy=1,845 Dy?= 344,567 Fx=730 Yx'= 53,514 Yxy=134,542 ‘Suppose that we wished to relate y and x using the two parameters least-squares model Y= Bo + BX. a. Find the least-squares line for the data (10 marks) 35APS 4373/FPB/ SEMESTER | SESSION 2012/13 b. Plot the data points and graph the least-squares line. Does the least-squares line provide a good fit to the data points? Relate your answer if the R-square for the model is 2.2%. (6 marks) c. Use the least-squares predictions equation to predict the diameter of a specimen that has height of 70 mm. (3 marks) QUESTION 4 (16 Marks) A report states that a new drug extracted from a fungus, cyclosporine A, increase the success rate in organ transplant operations. According to the report, 22 patients receiving kidney transplants were treated with the new drug. Results of the operations showed an 86% success rate in comparison with a Success rate of 60% that had been obtained in the past using a standard treatment. a. For the experiment, the researcher wishes to show that the success rate using cyclosporine A exceeds the standard 60% rate of success. State the null and alternative hypotheses that you would use for testing an hypothesis about the success rate p. (4 marks) b. Is the sampling size n = 22 large enough, so that the sampling distribution of the number of successful operation is normally distributed? Please explain. (3 marks) ¢. Does use of cyclosporine A increase the probability of a successful transplant? Conduct the test (hypotheses in a) using type 1 error 0.10 and state your conclusion. (9 marks) QUESTION 5 (22 Marks) ‘Two gourmets rated 20 meals on a scale of 1 to 10. The data are shown in the table below. Meal[+ [2 [3 [4 [5 [6 [7 [@ [9 [10] 11/12] 13 | 14] 15 [16] 77 | 16 [ 19 [ 20 A_|6 4 17/8 |2 1719 |7 |/2 |4 [6 [8 [4 [3 [6 [9 [o [4 (4 15 [Bie 1s [4 [7 [3 [4 19 le ls [3 Jo [5 [2 13 [es [ls je 3 [5 1a, Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that gourmet A tends to give higher ratings than gourmet B? Test by using the sign test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a near 0.05. Are the test conclusions consistent? (16 marks) b. Can we use paired-samples t-test for the above data? Please explain. (6 marks) 4sAPS 4373/FPB/ SEMESTER | SESSION 2012/13 QUESTION 6 (11 Marks) ‘A publisher of biotechnology magazine wished to determine whether preference for certain publications dependent on geographical location of the reader. Of those preferring the Financial Biotechnology Review, 32 are urban readers and 24 are from the rural areas. Of those who choose Newsweek Biotechnology, 28 are city readers while 24 are rural readers. The data are analysed by using statistical package SPSS. Some of the output for the analysis is shown below: Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig Exact. Sig. Exact Sig. I I (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square | 8.650" i 0.003 Continuity 7.308 1 0.007 Correction” He #1 eee Likelihood Ratio, __9.487 HA 0.003 Fisher's Exact Test _| _t a 0.004 0.003 Linear-by-linear 8.552 1 0.003 Association N of Valid Cases 108 i cells have expected vaiue count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 10.18 omputed only for 2 x 2 table a, Prepare a 2x2 table of the publications and geographical locations. (2 Marks) 'b. What is the total number of observed frequency in this analysis? (1 marks) ‘c. What is the conclusion of this analysis? Please expiain ( marks) d. Is the main assumption of chi-square test of independence violated? Please explain. (3 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER 5/5,