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3as GE Math1 L05 PDF
3as GE Math1 L05 PDF
5 ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ
ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ
ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ
ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ
ﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﻨﺤﻥ .I ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺤﻴﺯ
.II ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل
ﻡ( ﻓﻲ ﺤﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﺽ 834 ﻫـ = 221 ﻭﻟﺩ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺒﻥ ﻗﺭﺓ )ﺴﻨﺔ
ﺒﺭﻉ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻗﻴل ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻨﻪ ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ،ﻭﻗﺎل ﻋﻨﻪ "ﻴﻭﺭﺍﻨﺕ ﻭل" :ﺇﻨﻪ ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ
ﻓﻘﺩ ﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺒﻨﺼﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻤﻬﺩ ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ
ﺃﻟﻑ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭ ،ﺸﺭﺡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ،ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ
ﻭﻴﺠﺩﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺒﻥ ﻗﺭﺓ ﻤﻬﺩ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ
ﻨﺸﺎﻁ
. ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ[a ; b ] ﻤﺠﺎل [a ; b ] ﻭ F ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ f
ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥb ، a ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜل ﻟ ﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ
ﻋﺩﺩﺍﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل a . I ﻭb ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ f
ﻤﻥ I ﺤﻴﺙ (C f ) . a £ bﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ f ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩ(O ; A, B )
ﻋﻠﻰ . I ﻭ F ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﹻ f
ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ a ﻭb ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ (C f ) ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ
ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ
y
3
2
· ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ(C f )
ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ a ﻭb ﺒﻴﻥ
1
،ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ(C f )
0 a 1 2 3 4 5 b x ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺼل ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﻥ
ﻋﺩﺩﺍﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ . I ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺎل a . I ﻭ b ﺩﺍﻟﺔ f
f ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﹻ F ، Fﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ (b ) - F ( a ) ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ
b
. òa f ( x ) dx ﻭ ﻨﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻤﺯ f ﻟﹻ ﻤﻥ a ﺇﻟﻰ b
ﻋﻠﻰ ، I ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل
ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ
ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ · ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ F ﻭ G ﺩﺍﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺃﺼﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻋﻠﻰ I
.G ( x ) = F ( x ) + k ﻤﻥ ، I ﻜل x ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل k
ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎG (b ) - G ( a ) = éë F (b ) + k ùû - éë F ( a ) + k ùû = F (b ) - F ( a ) :
ﻤﺴﺘﻘل ﻋﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩF (b ) - F ( a ) ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺃﻥ
ﻤﺜﺎل
2 2
2 é1 3 1 2 ù æ 1 3 1 2ö æ1 3 1 2 ö
ò1 (x + x ) dx = êë 3 x + 2 x úû1 = çè 3 (2) + 2 ( 2 ) ÷ø - çè 3 (1) + 2 (1 ) ÷ø
2
2 28 5 23
ò (x
1
= + x ) dx = -
6 6 6
ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﺠﺪ
ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
ﻤﺠﺎل a . I ﻭ b ﻋﺩﺩﺍﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ I ﺤﻴﺙ a £ b ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ f
ﻋﻠﻰ . I f
ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﹻ f ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩF (O ; A, B ) ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ (C f )
b
.
ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺘﺤﺕ (C f ) ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍ ﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ a ﻭ b ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ òa f ( x ) dx
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ1
ﺍ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ
2 1 1
ﺤل
1 1
é 1 3 ù æ1 ö 4
ò 0 ( x + 1) dx = êë 3 x + x úû 0 = çè 3 + 1÷ø - 0 = 3 (1
2
1 1
é1 1 ù æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö
ò ( 3
ë4
)
x - x dx = ê x 4 - x 2 ú = ç - ÷ - ç - ÷ = 0 (2
2 û -1 è 4 2 ø è 4 2 ø
-1
2
2 2 2 2
ò 2x dx = éëx ùû = ( 2 ) - ( -3 ) = 4 - 9 = -5 (3
-3
-3
y ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ2
2
1 . ﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻫﻭ
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
3 3 2
[ ]
ﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل . -3;3 f ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ
2
1+ 2 17
؛
ò f ( x ) dx = 3 ´ 2 + 4 = 2 (1
-3
3
17 1 ´ 2 19
؛
ò f ( x ) dx = 2 + 2 = 2 (2
-3
3
1 ´ 2
. ò f ( x ) dx = 2 ´ 2 + 2 = 5 (3
0
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ3
.f ﺒﹻ( x ) = 2 - x 2 : ¡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ f ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ
y
2
1
2 10
ﺃﻱ . 10 cm ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ -1ﻭ 1 ﻫﻲ´ 3 cm 2 : ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ
3
ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺘﺎﻥ
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ 2 cm ﻟﻭ ﺃُﻋﻁﻴﺕ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺼل §
2 cm ´ 3cm
ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺏ 3cm ﻓﺈ
ﻥ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ
2
. 6 cm ﺃﻱ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻨﺘﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﺩﻴﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻁﻭﻟﻪ
ﻭﻋﺭﻀﻪ.
ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل: .II ﺨﻭﺍﺹ
.a £b ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻥ I ﻋﺩﺩﺍﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﻥ a ﻭ b
ﻜل x ﻤﻥf ( x ) ³ 0 ، [a ; b ] ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل (1 )
b
. ò f ( x ) dx ³ 0 ﻓﺈﻥ
a
ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ: b ، a ﻭ c ﻤﻥ I ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ
b c c
. òa f ( x ) dx + òb f ( x ) dx = òa f ( x ) dx
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ1
ﺤﻴﺙ: ﺩﺍﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل[1;3 ] f ﻭ g
3 3
.
ò f ( x ) dx = 2 ﻭò g ( x ) dx = -5
1 1
3
ò 5f ( x ) dx
1
ﺏ(
3
ﺤل
3 3 3
.
ò éëf ( x ) + g ( x )ùû dx = ò f ( x ) dx + ò g ( x ) dx
1 1 1
ﺃ( = 2 - 5 = -3
3 3
.
ﺏ( ò 5f ( x ) dx = 5ò f ( x ) dx = 5 ´ 2 = 10
1 1
3 3 3
. éë2f
ò ( x ) - 3g ( x )ùû dx = 2ò f ( x ) dx - 3ò g ( x )dx ﺠـ(= 2 ( 2) - 3( -5) = 19
1 1 1
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ2
1
.f =( x ) ﺒﹻ ﻋﻠﻰ ¡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ f ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ
1 + x 2
1
. ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل x ﻤﻥ . f ( x ) £ 1 ، [ 0;1 ] ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ò f ( x ) dx £ 1
0
ﺤل
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻜل x ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل x ﻤﻥ1 + x 2 ³ 1 ، [ 0;1 ] ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل
1
. [ 0;1 ] ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ£ 1
1 + x 2
1 1 1
1 1
ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ò 1dx = [ x ] = 1
0 ò 1 + x 2 dx £ ò 1 dx ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ
0 0 0
1
1
. ò 1 + x 2
dx £ 1
0
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ3
1 n
x
. u n =ò 2
* ¥
ﺒـdx : ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ (u n )
1 + x
0 . ﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ (u n )
ﺤل
1 1 1
x n +1 xn é x n +1 x n ù
u n +1 - u n = ò dx - ò0 1 + x 2 dx = ò0 êë1 + x 2 1 + x 2 úû dx
-
0
1+ x 2
1
æ x n +1 - x n ö 1
é x n ( x - 1 ) ù
. u n +1 - u n = ò ç ÷ dx = ò ê ﺃﻱ ú dx
0è
1+ x 2 ø 0 ë
1 + x 2 û
ﻜل x ﻤﻥ [ 0;1 ] ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ x n ³ 0 : ﻭ x - 1 £ 0 ﺇﺫﻥ x n ( x - 1) £ 0 ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل
x n ( x - 1 )
ﻋﺩﺩ 1 + x 2 ﻷﻥ ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل x ﻤﻥ ¡ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ £ 0 :
1 + x 2
1
é x n ( x - 1 ) ù
*¥ ﻜل n ﻤﻥ ò êﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ ú dx ³ 0
0 ë
1 + x 2 û
ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ. ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ u n +1 - u n £ 0 ﺃﻱ (u n )
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ4
ìïx 2 ], x Î [ -1;1
.f ( x ) = í ﺒﹻ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ[ -1; 2] f
ïî2x - 1 , x Î [1; 2 ]
2
ò f ( x ) dx
-1
ﺃﺤﺴﺏ
ﺤل
2 1 2 1 2
2
ò f ( x ) dx = ò f ( x ) dx + ò f ( x ) dx = ò x
-1 -1 1 -1
dx + ò ( 2x - 1)
1
dx
1 1
2 é1 ù æ1ö æ 1ö 2
ﻭ
òx = ÷ dx = ê x 3 ú = ç ÷ - ç - ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ
-1 ë 3 û -1 è 3 ø è 3 ø 3
2 2
2 8 2
2
.
=ò f ( x ) dx = + 2
-1
3 3
ﺇﺫﻥ
ò ( 2x -1) dx = éëx
1
- x ùû = 2 - 0 = 2
1
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ5
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ: ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺩﺍﻟﺘﻴﻥ f ﻭ g ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺘﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل[ 0;1 ]
f ( x ) = xﻭ
2
. g ( x ) = x
ﺃ( ﻤﺜل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﻴﻥ (C f ) ﻭ. (C g )
ﺤل
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ . ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﻴﻥ (C ) ﻭ(C )
g f ﺃ(
)ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﺃ(( ﺇﺫﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺏ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ (C ) : [ 0;1 ] ﻓﻭﻕ (C )
g f
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ6
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ: ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺘﻴﻥ f ﻭ g ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺘﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل[ -1; 2]
ﻭ . g ( x ) = - x + 2 f ( x ) = x 2
(C f ) ﻭ (C g ) ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩ. (O ; I , J )
ﺤل
ﺏ(
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ A 2 ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ (C f )
ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﺎﻫﻤﺎ x = 1 ﻭ x = 2 ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻔل ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺫﻴﻥ (C )
g
ﻫﻲ :
2 2
A2 = ò éë f ( x ) - g ( x ) ùûdx = ò éë x 2 - ( - x + 2 ) ùûdx
1 1
3 1
1 éx x 2 ù 11
. A1 = ò ( x + x - 2 ) dx = ê
2
+ = - 2 x ú ﺃﻱ
-1
ë 3 2 û -1 6
10 11 31
= . A = A1 + A2 ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ + = u . A
3 6 6
ﻤﺠﺎل: .III ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ
.a ﻤﻥ I ﻭ < b ﻋﺩﺩﺍﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺎل b ، a . I f
ﺩﺍﻟﺔ
ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ: ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل[a ; b ] f ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ
b
1
= .m f ( x ) dx
b - a ò
a
ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ
ﻭ ) m ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ b -a ﻫﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﻌﺩﺍﻩ m (b - a )
ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ[a ; b ] f
ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ( .ﻭ ﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ، m ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ
ﺤل
ﺤﻴﺙ: ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲm ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل [1; 2 ]
2
1 2 2
=m ( 2 x - 1) dx = é x - x û1 = ( 4 - 2 ) - (1 - 1) = 2
ù
2 - 1 ò1 ë
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ2
ﻭﺭﺸﺔ ﺘﺼﻨﻊ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﻀﻡ ﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ .ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ
1
f (q ) = 2q - 1 + : f ﺣﻴﺚ ﻫﻭ ﺠﺔ q
ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﹾﺘﹶ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﺎﻨﻴﺭ ،ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ
q 2
. 1 £ q ﻭ£ 8
[ ]
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل . 1;8 f .1 ﻋﻴﻥ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﺼﻠﻴﺔ F
ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ
ﻗﻁﻌﺔ.
ﺤل
1
F (q ) = q 2 - q -
q
.ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ: ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل[1;8 ] f ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ B m . 2
8 8
1 1é 1 ù
= B m ò f (q ) dq = êq 2 - 2q - ú = 8,125
8 - 1 1 7 ë q û1
ﻗﻁ ﻌﺔ ﻫﻭ . 8125 DA ﺃﺠل 100 ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﺎﻟﺭﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ
ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ
ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻥ . I ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺎل I ﻭ a ﺩﺍﻟﺔ f
ﻫﻲ ﺃﺠلa ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻋﻠﻰ I ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩﺓ
x
. F : x a ò f (t ) dt ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ
a
ﻤﺜﺎل
1
.f ( x ) = x 2 + ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ: ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ]0; + ¥[ f ﻟﺘﻜﻥ
x 2
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ1 ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل f ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻤﺯ F ﻨﺭﻤﺯ
ﺘﺤﻘﻕ: F ﺇﺫﻥ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ
x x
é 1 ù
F ( x ) = ò f (t ) dt = ò êt 2 + 2 ú dt
1 ë t û
1
x
é t 3 1 ù æ1 1 ö æ 1 ö
ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎF ( x ) = ê - ú = ç x 3 - ÷ - ç - 1 ÷ :
ë 3 t û1 è 3 x ø è 3 ø
1 3 1 2
. F ( x ) = x - + ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
3 x 3
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ1
x
.F (t ) = ò ﻴﻠﻲt 4 + 1 dt : ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ F ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ
0
ﺜﻡ ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ. F ﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ
ﺤل
ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔt a t 4 + 1 ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ F
ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ. ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ0
.F¢ ﻭ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل x ﻤﻥ ¡ ( x ) = x 4 + 1 ،
ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻜل x ﻤﻥ ¡ F ¢ ( x ) > 0 ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ F ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل
ﻋﻠﻰ ¡ .
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ2
x 1
.f ( x ) = ò1 dt ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ]0; +¥[ f
t
. ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ]0; +¥[ f
ﺃ( ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ
1
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ1 ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل t a ﺃ( f ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ
t
ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ
1
f ' ( x ) > 0 ﻭ =f ' ( x ) ، ﻤﻥ ]0; +¥[ x ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل
x
. ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ]0; +¥[ f ﺇﺫﻥ
x 1 1
ﺃﻱ f ( x ) ³ 0 ò dt ³ 0 ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﺠل > 0 : x ³ 1 ﺏ( ﻤﻥ
1 t t
x 1 1
ﺃﻱ f ( x ) £ 0 ò dt £ 0 ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﺠل > 0 : 0 < x £ 1 ﻤﻥ
1 t t
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ3
2
x + 1
f ( x ) = ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ]0; +¥[ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ:
2 x2
.1 ﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل x = 1
3
ﺃﺠل x = 1 ﻤﻥ .2 ﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ
2
ﺤل
1 1
F ( x ) = x - + c
ﺤﻴﺙ: f ﻫﻲ F
.1 ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ
2 x
1 1 1
c = ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ F (1) = 0 ﻓﺈﻨﹼﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻨﺠﺩ ´ 1 - + c = 0 ﻭﻣﻨﻪ
2 2 1
1 1 1
ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ
ﺑـ G :ﻓﺈﻥّ G ( x ) = x - +
2 x 2
ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺑـ H ﻓﺈﻥّ H ﺗﺤﻘﻖ .2 ﺒﻨﻔﺱ
òa f ( x ) dx
.
ò [f ( x ) + g ( x )]dx = ò f ( x ) dx + ò g ( x ) dx
a a a
b b
é x 6 ù (b - a )
b b b b 6 b 6
3 2 3 2 5
ﻭ òx dx ´ ò x dx = ò x dx ´ x dx = ò x dx ê ú =
a a a a ë 6 û a 6
:ﺼﻭﺍﺒﻪ ﻫﻭ
é x 4 ù é x 3 ù (b - a )(b - a )
b b 4 4 3 3 b b
3 2
ò x dx ´ ò x dx = ê ú ´ ê ú =
a a ë 4 û a ë 3 û a 12
ﺃ .ﺘﻤﺎﺭﻴﻥ
ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ
ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ[ -2; 2] ﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ f .1 ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ( C ) ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻭ
r ur
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل .3 ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ( C ) ﻟ ﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻡ(O ; i , j )
y ﻋﻠﻰ ¡ ﺒـf ( x ) = x3 + 1 : ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ f ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل،
2
1 ﻋﻠﻰ ¡. ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓf ( x ) (1 ﻋﻴﻥ
1 0
1
1 x ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺯ ( u.a ﺍﻟ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔA
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ) (2 ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ
y
4
.7 ﻟﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ]-1; +¥[
C f 4
3 f ( x) = x - 2
ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ:
( x + 1)
2
ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل: C f
1
C f 3
4
ﻜﻤﺎ .8 ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ[ 2; 4 ]
-4 x - 2
. = )f ( x 2
ﻴﻠﻲ:
(x 2
+ x - 2 )
4
. I = ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ò f ( x) dx
2
ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل
(ò )
1 - x2 dx (2 2
؛ = J ؛ =I ò x dx (1
-1 -3
1 1
x2 + 4 x - 5
ò (x )
2
. L= ò 2
dx ( 4 ؛ =K - 2 x + 3 dx (3
-5
x + 1 -6
. ﻋﻠﻰ [ 0; 4 ] ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕx2 £ f ( x) £ x2 + x : ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ f .12
4
. ﻋﻴﻥ ﺤﺼﺭﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻤل ò f ( x) dx
0
ò f ( x) dx
.
0
ﺍﺤﺴﺏ
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ
2
x + 1
f ( x ) = ﻴﻠﻲ: ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ]0; +¥[ f
.15 ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ
2 x2
4
.
(1 ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ò f ( x) dx
1
[ ]
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل . 1; 4 f (2 ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ m
ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ
[ ]
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل . -1;3 ﺃﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ m ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f
.17 ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ¡ ﺒﹻf ( x) = x2 :
ﺃﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ m ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل. [ -1;1]
ﻓﺴﺭ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ.
ﺘﻤﺎﺭﻴﻥ ﻟﺘﻌﻤﻕ
x
t 2 + t + 1
F ( x) = ò dt ﺒـ: ¡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ .18 ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ F
0
1 + t 2
. ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ F ﺍﺩﺭﺱ
4 x + 2
=f ( x ) ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ: f .19 ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ[ 0;1 ]
x2 + x + 1
[ ]
ﻭ ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ . 0;1 (1 ﺍﺤﺴﺏ f ' ( x )
(2 ﺸﻜل ﺠﺩﻭل ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ f
.
rr
(
O; i, j ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩ ) (3 ﺍﺭﺴﻡ ( C f ) ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻓﻲ
r r
i = 2cmﻭ
j = 1cm
ﻭ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ( C )
f ﺍﻟ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔA (4 ﺍﺤﺴﺏ
1
x
. I1 = ò 3
(1 ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞdx
.20
0 (
1 + x2 )
1
x 3
. I 2 = ò ﺍﺣﺴﺐ . I1 + I 2 ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ I 2 ( 2 ﻟﻴﻜﻦ dx
2 3
0 (1 + x )
1
x 2
I 2 = ò ( 3 ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺼﺮﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ dx
2 3
0 (1 + x )
.21 ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
2
3
2
ò x - 2 dx (2
ò x - 1 dx (1
-1
-2
2
(ò
-2
x + x) dx (3
n +1 1
. u n =ò
n 2
dx ﺤﻴﺙ .22 ﻨﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ( u n )
( 3 x + 4 )
ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ. n u n
(1 ﺍﺤﺴﺏ
. lim
n ®+¥
Sn = u0 + u1 + ... + un ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ . n ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ( un ) (2 ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ
(3 ﻓﺴﺭ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺎ. S n
ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ .1
ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ
. 1 ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ، D ( 2;0 ) ، C (1; 0 ) ، B ( -1; 0 ) ، A( -2;0 )
(4
3 3 4
é1 ù æ3 ö æ 1 ö
ò ( x + 2x + 2) dx = ê x + x + 2xú = ç
3 4 2
+ 32 + 6 ÷ - ç + 1 + 2 ÷ = 32
1 ë4 û1 è 4 ø è 4 ø
ﺃﺠل x £ -1 ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل x ³ -1 ﻭf ( x) £ 0 ﻤﻥ f ( x) ³ 0 (1 .3
ﻤﻥ ( C ) ﻭ ﺘﺤﺕx ³ -1 ﻓﻭﻕ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ( C ) ﻷﻥ
. x £ -1 ﺃﺠل
:ﺇﺫﻥ [1; 2 ] ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ f ( 2
1
1 é x 4 ù
A = ò ( x + 1) dx = ê + xú = 2 u. a
3
-1
ë 4 û -1
A = 2 ´ 0,5 cm2 ﺇﺫﻥ 1 u.a = 0,5 cm2 ﺃﻱ 1 u.a = 0, 5 ´ 1 cm2 ( 3
. A = 1 cm2 ﺃﻱ
. 4
2 2 2
æ x 2 - 2 ö æ 2 ö é 2 ù
ò1 çè x2 ÷ø dx = ò 1 çè1 - x2 ÷ø dx = êë x + x úû1 = 0 ( 1
-1 -1 -1
æ 1 - t3 + t 4 ö æ1 2 ö é 1 t 2 t 3 ù 13
ò-2 çè t 2 ÷ø dt = -ò 2 çè t 2 - t + t ÷ø dt = êë - t - 2 + 3 úû = 3 (2
-2
1
1
1 é 1 ù 3
ò 0 ( x + 1)3 dx = ê - 2
ú = (3
úû 0 8
êë 2 ( x + 1)
1
1
-2 é 1 ù 3
ò ( x - 2 )3
dx = ê 2
ú = (4
0 êë ( x - 2 ) úû 0 4
.5
1
1
4
é ( x - 1 ) 5 ù 1
ò0 ( x - 1 ) dx = êê 5 úú = 5 (1
ë û 0
2
2 é ( x 2 - 1 ) 2 ù
9
ò1 2 x ( x - 1 ) dt = êê 2 úú = 2
2
) ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ (2
ë û1
( u '´ u ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل x a 2x ( x 2 - 1)
:ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ
2 2 2
é x 4 ù 9
.( ò 2 x ( x - 1 ) dt = ò ( 2 x - 2 x ) dt = ê - x2 ú =
2 3
1 1 ë2 û1 2
2 1
é 3 ù
1 ê ( x + 2 ) ú
1 1
1
ò0 (
x 2
x3
+ 2 ) 3 ò (
dx = 3 x2
x3
+ ) 3 ê 2 ú = 5 6
2 dx = (3
0
ë û 0
4 4
4 é ù é ù
x ê 1 ú 1ê 1 ú = 3
ò x 3
dx = - 2
=- 2
(4
ê 4 x -2 ú
3 ( 2
-2) ë (
2
) û3 4 êë ( x - 2 ) úû3 784
2
.6
1 1
2 1 é 1 ù 3
A= ò (x- 2 ) dx = 2 ò dx = ê - =
ë x - 2 úû 4
2 2
-1 -1 ( x - 2 )
.7
3
é 3
1 ù é x 2 4 ù
. I = ò ê x - 4 2
ú dx = ê + ú = 3 (1
ê
1 ë ( ) û
x + 1 ú ë 2 x + 1
û1
ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ C f ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲI
ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ f ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ y = 0 ﻭ x = 3 ، x = 1 ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ
[ ]
. 1;3 ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل
3
é3
1 ù é x 2 4 ù 3
I = ò ê x - 4 2
ú dx = ê + ú = (2
0 ê
ë ( x + 1) úû ë 2 x + 1 û 0 2
.8
4 4 4
2 x + 1 é 1 ù
I = ò f ( x) dx = -2ò 2
dx = -2 ê - 2 ú
2 2 (x 2
+ x - 2 ) ë x + x - 2 û 2
4
é 1 ù 7
. I = 2 ê 2 =- ﺃﻱ
ú
ë x + x - 2 û 2 18
. 9
: ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ f ( x ) ﻨﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻭﻻ
ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل
2 2 2
4 4 4
òx
2
dx £ ò f ( x) dx £ ò ( x2 + x) dx .12
0 0 0
3 2 4 4 4
éx x ù é x3 x 2 ù
ê 3 + 2 ú £ ò f ( x) dx £ ê 3 + 2 ú ﺃﻱ
ë û 0 0 ë û 0
4
64 88
. £ ò f ( x ) dx £ ﺃﻱ
3 0 3
3 1 3
()ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺸﺎل ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( x) dx + ò f ( x) dx
0 0 1
.13
3 1 3
ò f ( x) dx = ò x3 dx + ò ( x + 1)
dx ﺃﻱ
0 0 1
3 1 3 1 3
3 é x4 ù é x 2 ù 25
ò f ( x) dx = ò x dx + ò ( x + 1 ) dx = ê ú + ê + xú = ﺃﻱ
0 0 1 ë 4 û0 ë 2 û1 4
4 4 4
æ1 1 ö é x 1 ù 15
. f ( x ) dx = ç +
ò1 ò1 è 2 2 x2 ÷ø dx = êë 2 - 2 x úû1 = 8 (1 .15
4
1 1 15 5
m= ò f ( x) dx = ´ = (2
4 - 1 1 3 8 8
3 3 3
1 1 1é 3 x 2 ù
. m = f ( x) dx = ò ( 2 - 3x) dx = ê 2 x - = -1 .16
4 -ò1 4 -1 4ë 2 úû -1
1 1 1
1 1 2 1 é x 3 ù 2
m = ò f ( x ) dx = ò x dx = ê ú = .17
2 -1 2 -1 2 ë 3 û -1 3
( 2
x + x + 1 )
. f ﺃﺠل ﻛﻞ x ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ [ 0;1 ] ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ' ( x ) > 0 ﺇﺫﻥ ﻤﻥ
(3 ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ( C )
f
y
3
2
1
0 1 x
: A (ﺤﺴﺎﺏ4
1 2 ( 2 x + 1) 1 ( 2 x + 1 ) 1
A= ò dx = 2ò dx = 2 é 2 x2 + x + 1 ù
0
x2 + x + 1 0 2
x + x + 1 ë û 0
1
. A = 4 é x2 + x + 1 ù = 4 3 - 1 u.a ﺃﻱ
ë û 0 ( )
. A = 8 ( ) 2
2 ﺃﻱ 1u.a = 1 ´ 2cm
3 - 1 cm ﻭﻣﻨﻪ1u.a = 2cm 2
. A ; 5,86 cm 2
x (1 + x )
1 2
x 1
1
2 x
1
I1 + I 2 =ò dx = ò 3
dx = ò dx ﺃﻱ2 2
( )
10+ x 2
( )
1 + x 2 ( )
1
0
+ x 2
0
2
1
x2 x 2 1 1 2 3
.
8
£ 3
£ x 2 ﻭ £
8 (1 + x2 ) 3
£ 1 ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭ 1 £ (1 + x ) £ 8
(1 + x )
2
1 x2 1 x 2 1
ò dx £ ò 3
dx £ ò x2 dx :ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ
0 8 0
(1 + x ) 2 0
1 1
1 1 x 2 1 é x3 ù 1 x2 é x 3 ù
£ ò dx £ ﺃﻱ ê 24 ú £ ò dx £ ê 3 ú ﺃﻱ
24 0 (1 + x2 ) 3 3 ë û0 0
(1 + x )
2
3
ë û 0
2 -1 1 2
ò (x ) ò (1 - x ) dx + ò ( x )
2 2 2 2
ò x - 1 dx = - 1 dx + - 1 dx
-2 -2 -1 1
2 -1 1 2
é x3
2 ù é x3 ù é x 3 ù
ò x - 1 dx = ê3 - x ú + ê x - ú + ê - xú = 4
-2 ë û -2 ë 3 û -1 ë 3 û1
3 2 3
ò x - 2 dx = ò ( - x + 2 ) dx + ò ( x - 2 ) dx
-1 -1 2
2 3
3 é x2 ù é x 2 ù
ò -1 x - 2 dx = êë - 2 + 2 xúû + êë 2 - 2 xúû = 5
-1 2
2 0 2
2
ò(
-2
x + x) dx = ò 0 dx + ò 2 xdx = 0 + éë x2 ùû 0 = 4
-2 0
. 22
(1
b b
. ﺜﺎﺒﺕk ، òa k f ( x) dx = k òa f ( x) dx ﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ·
n +1 1 3 1 n +1 3
. u n = òn ´ 2
dx = ò 2
dx ﺇﺫﻥ
3 (3x + 4) 3 n
( 3 x + 4 )
u ' ( x ) 1
. x a 2
ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ x a - ﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺃﻥ ·
éëu ( x ) ùû u ( x)
n +1
1 éæ 1 ö æ 1 ö ù 1é 1 ù
u n = êçç - ÷÷ - ç - ÷ú ﺃﻱ u n = ê - ﺇﺫﻥ
3 ëêè 3 ( n + 1) + 4 ø è 3n + 4 ø ûú 3 ë 3 x + 4 úû n
1 1æ 1 1 ö
. u n = ﺃﻱ u n = ç - + ÷ ﺃﻱ
( 3n + 7 )( 3n + 4 ) 3 è 3n + 7 3n + 4 ø
1 1 2 1 n 1
Sn = ò 2
dx + ò 2
dx + ... + ò 2
dx (2
0
( 3x + 4 ) 1
( 3x + 4 ) n -1
( 3 x + 4 )
n 1
Sn = ò 2
dx :ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺸﺎل ﻨﺠﺩ
0
( 3x + 4 )
ﺇﺫﻥ
n
1 n 3 1é 1 ù 1æ 1 1 ö n
= Sn ò 2
dx = ê - ú = ç- =÷ +
3 ( 3 x + 4 )
0 3 ë 3x + 4 û 3 è 3 n + 4 4 ø 3n + 4
0
n 1
Sn = òﻭ n ³ 0 2
dx (3 ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ
0
( 3x + 4 )
1
2
> 0 ، ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ [ 0; n ] x ﻭﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل
( 3 x + 4 )
ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل S n ﺇﺫﻥ
1
ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺘﻬﺎ x a ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ
3 x + 4
. y x = nﻭ = 0
،x = 0
. 23
ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ (1 ﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ b ، a ﻭ c
c
. f ( x ) = ax + b + : ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻡ x
x2
2 x3 + 3 x2 + 4 2 x3 3x 2 4 4
=f ( x) 2
= 2
+ 2
+ 2
= 2 x + 3 +
x x x x x2
(
. a ; b ; c ﺇﺫﻥ) = ( 2;3; 4 ) :
.2
ﺃ .ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ
2
3
ò x 4
dx = ... .1
1
9 7 9
( 3 (2
- ( 1
8 8 8
.2
.3
1
b b
f ( b ) - f ( a )
=M
b-a ò f ( x ) dx (2 M = ò
b-a
dx (1
a a
b
f ( x ) 1
b
M =ò dx (4 =M f ( x ) dx (3
a
b -a a - b ò
a
ﺏ.ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻡ ﺨﺎﻁﺊ
ò - f ( x) dx = ò f ( x) dx
0 2
1
ﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻓﺈﻥ
(7 ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ò f ( x ) dx
-1
. ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل[ -1;1]
y ﻫﻭ ﻭ( C ) ﻋﻠﻰ ¡ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ f ( 8
1 ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل.
2
0 1 x .
-3
ò f ( x) dx = 8
2
ò (x )
2
ﻴﻤﺜل ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ. + 1 dx (9 ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل
9
ﻫﻭ ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ. ﻭ( C ) ﻋﻠﻰ ¡ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ f ( 10
2
y
1 . ò f ( x ) dx = 2
0
1
2
.1
.2
a c
- ò f ( x ) dx = ò f ( x ) dx ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ (3 ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻷﻥ:
c a
b a b c
ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ò f ( x ) dx - ò f ( x ) dx = ò f ( x ) dx + ò f ( x ) dx
c c c a
b c c
.3
x
x ét 4 t 2 ù æ x 4 x 2 ö æ 1 1 ö
ò1 ( t + 3
t )
dt = +
ê4 2ú = ç + ÷- +
2 ø çè 4 2 ÷ø
(2 ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻷﻥ:
ë û1 è 4
x x 4 + 2x 2 - 1 - 2 x 4 + 2x 2 - 3
. ò 1
= (t 3 + t ) dt 4
=
4
ﺃﻱ
ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ -x 2 - 1 < 0 ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ [1; 2 ] x (4 ﺨﺎﻁﺊ ﻷﻥ :ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل
2
[
. a ; b ﻋﻠﻰ ]
(5 ﺨﺎﻁﺊ ﻷﻥ :ﻤﺜﺎل ﻤﻀﺎﺩ
2 3 2 3
2 2
ò
1
2 x dx ò2 2x dx = éëx ùû1 ´3 éë x ùû 2 = ( 4 - 1)3 ´ ( 9 - 4 ) = 15
2
ﻭ . 2 x dx = é x ù = 9 - 1 = 8
ò 2
ë û 1
3
1
3
) ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺸﺎل.(
ﺤﻅ2 x dx + ò 2x dx = ò 2x dx : ﻻ
ò1 2 1
2
( AB + DC ) ´ CH
= ò f ( x ) dx
-3
2
ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ¡ ﻤﻥ x ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻷﻥ ( x 2 + 1) ﻋﺩﺩ
ﻤﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ( C ) ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ y = - x ﺍﻟﺫﻱ (4 ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ D
ﻭ ﻋﻨﺩ . +¥ ﻋﻨﺩ -¥
rr
، ( (5 ﺃﺭﺴﻡ D ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ( C ) ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜل ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ f ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩ)
O; i, j
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺏ. ﻭ1cm ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ2cm :
ﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔS (a ) (6 ﺃ( ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ،ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ،
ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ
ﺃ ( ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎﺕ0,25 × 4 ..... .. .................................
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ0,5 ................ ... ......... . 4
ﺟـ ( ﺣﺴﺎﺏ 0,5+ 1 ... ... ............................... S
ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺣﻞ
b
f ( x) = ax + 2
:ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ b ﻭ a ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ (1
( x +1)
.ﺜﻡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ
2
ax ( x +1 ) +b
f ( x ) = 2
:¡ - {-1} ﻤﻥx ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل
( x +1)
ax 3 + 2 ax 2 + ax +b
f ( x ) = 2
ﺃﻱ
( x +1)
- x3 - 2 x2 - x - 4
f ( x ) = 2
:¡ - {-1} ﻤﻥ x
ﻭ ﺒﻤﺎﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل
( x + 1)
ìa = -1
ï2a = -2
4 ìa = -1 ï
f ( x ) = -x - 2
ﺇﺫﻥ í ﺃﻱ í ﻓﺈﻥ
( x + 1) îb = -4 ïa = -1
ïîb = -4
(2
î >
ì lim ( - x 3 - 2x 2 - x - 4 ) = -4
ïx ¾¾® -1
ﻷﻥlim f ( x ) = -¥ ·
<
í 2 x ¾¾
lim ( x + 1) = 0 +
ïx ¾¾
® -1 <
î ® -1
<
4
f ( x ) = -x - 2
¡: - {-1} ﻤﻥ x ﺏ( ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل
( x +1)
u ' 1 2
.- ﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ 2u ' u ﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ u ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ
u 2 u
2
x a 2 ( x + 1)
ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻫﻲ x a ( x + 1)
ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ
ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻨﺎﻁﻘﺔ ﻭ f (3 ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ¡ - {-1} ﺇﺫﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ [ -2,5; - 2]
f ( -2,5 ) ´ f ( -2 ) < 0 ﻷﻥ f ( -2) = -2 ﻭ f ( -2,5) = 7,22...
ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ f ( x ) = 0 ﺘﻘﺒل ﺤﻼ aﻓﻲ . [ -2,5; - 2 ]
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
(( ﺃ6
-2
-2 -2 é 4 ù é x 2 4 ù
S (a ) = ò f ( x ) dx = ò ê -x - 2 ú
dx = ê - + ú
a a
ëê ( x + 1) úû ë 2 x + 1 ûa
æ a 2 4 ö
.S (a ) = ç -6 + - ÷ u . a ﺃﻱ
è 2 a + 1 ø
ﺇﺫﻥ 2
1u .a = 2cm ﺃﻱ 2cm 2 ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ
8 æ a 2 4 ö
.S (a ) = æç a 2 - ö
- 12 ÷ cm 2 ﺃﻱ S (a ) = ç -6 + - ÷ ´ 2 cm
2
è a + 1 ø è 2 a + 1 ø
f ( -2 ) = -2 ﻭ (C ) ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰA ( -3; 2 ) ﺇﺫﻥf ( -3) = 2 ﺏ( ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ
. (C ) ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰB ( -2; -2 ) ﺇﺫﻥ
S ﺝ( ﻟﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ
: ( AB ) · ﻟﻨﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ
ì x B = -2 ì x A = -3
.í ﻭ í ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ B ( x B ; y B ) ﻭA ( x A ; y A ) ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ
î y B = -2 î y A = 2
y B - y A -2 - 2
. a = = = -4 ﻫﻭ ( AB ) ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ
x B - x A -2 + 3
ﺃﻱ y - y A = a ( x - x A ) ( ﻫﻲAB ) ﺇﺫﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ A Î ( AB )
.y = -4x - 10 ﺃﻱ y - 2 = -4 ( x + 3 )
: S ﻟﻨﺤﺴﺏ ·
ﺇﺫﻥ ( AB ) ( ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡC ) [ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ-3; -2] ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل
-2
( ) ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜلS = ò éë f ( x ) - ( -4 x - 10 ) ùû dx
-3
y
4
3
A
2
1
3
-2 é 4 ù -2 æ 4 ö
S = ò ê-x - 2
+ 4 x + 10 ú dx = ò ç 3x + 10 - 2
÷ dx
-3 ç ÷
-3
êë ( x + 1) úû è ( x + 1)
ø
-2
é 3x 2 4 ù
2 ﺃﻱ S = ê
. S = 1cm + 10x + 2 ú
= 0,5 u . a ﺃﻱ
êë 2 ( x + 1) úû -3