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    Indrajit Shriwastav
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    Fourier Analysis

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    Mmp Fourier

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    Fourier Analysis

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    12 views38 pages

    MMP Fourier

    Uploaded by

    Indrajit Shriwastav
    Fourier Analysis

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 38
    oD No TYBSC Bysir - 20/- Feo 2 [ HAPTER lA! Fourier SERIES 1.4 PERIODIC FUNCTIONS If ve vale of each ordinne repent il at cgul intervals inthe sacs, then f(D si tobea periodic fonction Efe) = JlU+ y= f(r4 21) then Ts called the period ofthe funtion /(0. For esomple “The period of sn x, c08 ss, and cave x5 28 “The period of tans and cat ris sin t= sin (c+ 2m) str + 49)... s0 sin. 8 periiefetion with the period 2 am Su = sin (5 + 23) sins (s Period = 2% ay eon a any= €083[ 2 22] Penoa = 26 anh) (004) poi! y= tna(a 3} Pevd This is scald sinoidal pee fine 1142. FOURIER SERIES ere e wil express a on simul pio fi uses ade nes of age and 25 2 Higher Mathematical Physics « Ahn esi 204 sinh Eine So, wm Dh Sin ne > called the Fourier series, where 0 2, dy, Oy. 5, By By by 8 constants? ‘A periodic ft f(x) can be expanded ina Fourier Series. The seis consists of the following. (9.4 constant term ag (called de component in electrical work). (#9). component at the fundamental iequency determined by the values ofa, 6, (42) Components ofthe harmonies (multiples ofthe fundamental frequency) determined by a, 5 By by oo A ay, 0415 by, By. ae nown as Fourier coeficiens oF Fourier constants Note. (1) When the function and its drivaives ae coninvous then te function can be expanded ‘mn powers of xby Maclaurin’s theorem, (2) But by Fourier series we can expand continuous and discontinnous both types of functions under certaia conditions 11.3 DIRICHLET'S CONDITIONS FOR AFOUFMER SERIES (DU. April, 2010) Ifthe function f(x forthe interval (~ x, 3) (1) is single-valued 2) is bounded (3) as at mos finite number of maxima and minima (4) has only a finite number of discontinoous (5)is (G4 2n) =f) for values of x outside (1, x}then ‘converges to (x) as P > coat values of for which f(s) is continuous and the sun of the wrtes as equal At ys 0} + f(x ~ 09) at points of dizconminty 2 114 ADVANTAGES OF FOURIER SERIES 1. Discontionous function can be represented by Fourier series. Although derivatives ¢F the «dscortinuous functions do not exist (This tote for Taylor's series), 2. The Focrier series 1s usefil in expanding the periodic functions since optsde the closed |. there exists a percdic extension ofthe fini 3. Expansion of an oscillaung fimction by Fourier ssties gives all modes of oscillation (Conchumental and all everones) whichis estemely wef in physics 4. Fourivr sees ofa discortimans Hameo 1 wot uniformly convergent ata points 5, Term by term integrat om ofa eon ergent Fourier series i lays valid, and it may he vai fhe earies is not convergeet, However, te 1, ferentiation ofa Fourier series isnot valid 11.5 USEFUL INTESRALS Th following integral ae well in Fourier Series fisienetes0 Gy [eosaets 0 vf at ti) [eas weet Foutoe Saves a 109 fs cosmeat-0 fu [sin me csmede=0 isha sya wy, aay ere f= fideo 8 ye OY so s0 onan Join = fudeantsoone= 2 Eta nan (sion n=O, cosan=(- I whee €7 11.6 DETERMINATION OF FOURIER COEFFICIENTS (EULER'S FORMULAE) faye Ba scereqeades vo, coners “by sin + by sin 24+ sim a+ w (0 Toh ay: inept sites (fom =O = 2 [i iede 9 (Pacem [Moora ented te, [eosarde 0 Pineda ty sin aade yon [sinned + (other integrals = by Smale (and (i) of Aa 1.5) Fume Mutipy cach side oF (by cose sad integrate fom x= Ox = 2m [isa (w) Tohind Bo peneoren ds ~ & [cosas +a, few ccorncds +... feos! ned 1 [sin cus mde dy [sin 2 eos ae de® a, [cae sede =a, x (Other itegats= 0 by foam Art 1S) fe sence] o Dyttiogn = 1.2 nani bar oF, Cyto td 5c ssn odie fons O10 24 [sersinode <% fsinacder a Meas esinmiderr 0 f 1h [sin since 6, [sin et I, hy 4, [/o8 meee bs (altoterintgrls 0, article No. 133) Essence] 7 20 sul fg has en rite wth yt Fourier ser Nove : To get sir [sample b Find the Prarie srs representing Mines, Oc de sich ts graph oss = Anta d Sonton Laifiay= +g eoe ra, conde th sins hsm * ve oy fine! faded] aoe aE emt =! Pen paeotss[ fetes} pene bE seosnaedet! Ls-Ex [aes Svbsttating the sates of ty 2 dy By By (Ue wea [esinncae erafinsstanaestanaee ] ind he Fawr eqns os 0h DU. 1 Sea 2012. 0P, M Semertor Sumner 2005 Chao Sesten Lae t= Beggs tac bes bins bs {fuer nae Higher Moleesateal Ph» 0 Founer Sees a0 aie? “fount -( et} ines [Lees Snare aca sss] ssc] 2) af-sines jana 2 tn eu puns =x 3 ald forall ales of between — cand BL tense) 2 nant toopen oe yea) Afpexope sexe] = pte-H1ese400) 10) ie protic wa poriod 28h epee rcareotil? fan yoda” 28h we ‘ Poti he vale off w es of Proved . e 1. Fata Fur sees to ens fed oA for S 2 SDE avs Afinestsinges bande | | toss " ) sin Fetes sie fei 9 fn == 9 can i a mde fs a] Ht, feofane “ed 4, ate Fost es expsion Bi (0) = FS REE (OR See 200) 2 1 cgay enter Dent sow fy Recomre ean fom de emaeeoDsinaantensians ie Higher Mathematical Phyo, con (2) ~ for Ax YO-0)+f040) =4 0+ 0)=0 Puting «=0in(I), we get of ti ite oP) = dekeds Example 7, Fiche Powe series the fc fed 34K, for Osssx, HO) Vo for -ns40<0 od Ser 2A=f09) (UP. Sims Same 206 sings fytad Ef rode! fe Jie -mysin meder! fice + asin nce ; i reel if oat sei | ao | =ita seven 24 fpesin nero? Pi sersinncaie sf pteisinnede “Healey Poffo 20+ )eE E07 * itn ie odd tniseven EXERCISE 112 1 Find he Foie vets a the eon AL feo HL ge oeee (Ua Sener 2005) owe Senes bat (V0da Fasetion ' fontion f(a) is called ol (or skew symmetric) fnetion f-9~-J0) Hee the area nder the eure fom ~ 10 = 1251 [sera =o Expansion ofa even fonction aye bf fend fsa J pene nea =! [seven neds any) anus wc abs even finns, esi, ee 9) <0 hoa Lp punenaese sesim ns mon anton so f(9) sa iso anos finon e ee |e HU ves our ke Tot See cn anton wi cmsinumiycominetenns, (UP Senn WE) Expansion ofa od fant LP pode seo Lf fonsoande0 Ybemmseaionia) 2 F fcaysm nee a, Ef seasimavae eo sine seven Hvcton | pe srs of fon wi evta on sie Es “Te ante shown below oan nr even s0 cota th sie al eae i> “0 by ca LY my 26 Higher Mather atical Phys Example 8, Find the Fosriur sors expansion ofthe periodke function of period 2s faunas Hence, find the sur ofthe series! ie WPM Semester 2008) Solution. Say: : Thisisaneven function. = 8, = 6 Wo soy) age 2 sereosme d=? f60 cosnede bE} ¢-34)-0f tw Ans PO) 8 far acne Sclution. (2) ~ 2 isan eal function Wea fon a, = 0 snd a, 0 PEL pepsin == [Panne [ferme vee vis civ | a) = by sin 1b, sin 201 Dyn Bet pe few cera (ae pal [Te djane| Founer Serine a0 Example 10. Expand she fmetion f(s) xin 105.0 Foun senses onthe intel 84 5% Hoscedehvee that Ngee hake TC igs (DU, Dec 2010, OP. AF Sem, Sumer 2008, 2001 tartan Sem. Jone 2007) Solution. f) = «sin x (csinndt (Here x sinxis an ever func [ioe [e(-c082)-()(-sin af == (=? [{soycsned=? [asin zeosesde [fetin ropes Dade o£ ffesin nena © fasion Dede mt), oe f(s) of Hence J Pong Proved EXERCISE 11.3 1 Sones eyes san othe fmciion F181 = 008 [UP Semester Summer 2002) 08 2 Fal the Foner snes expan. of the Function (8) = eos (0h EEE 20 20 wheres fetion Heng, showtha eo = 2 ve ane 11.11 HALF-RANGE SERIES, PERIOD 0 TO = ‘The given function is defined inthe interval (0, x) andi is immaterial whatever the function ‘may be outside the interval (0, 2). To ge the series of cosines only we assume that f(x) is a9 ‘even function i the interval (~ xn). Example 11. Represent the following function by a Fourier sine sovies no}, q " Founer Senes 1 3b \ 2.) 21 ro (Eerpour-fanaeel Beto ample 12. Fade Prior sine ees fore fetion fee alec fo tt for OSE oR Jasin be ~B 605 6x) ml 22 flat sinned [fetinaede« Solution. raiedneen + (2sin nxn cos mn) + 2n ne 2 f-eoretsi]= -eren 4 as ans alaree EXERCISE 114 1. Fin he Foe ose ses the on a fi te o a Siisly, at om de Example 13. Find he Fourier series corresponding othe functions) defined i (- 2,2). {follows 2m -2sx60 10 T ecwet Sottion, Here the interval is f (2.2) nd e=2 aa Ef forded [free fea] forels on aE soe!) eetf pnt reo des Pace en io “ae \ ast Higher Mathematical Physics x 3 +b vin a by sin 2 oy sin 28 Min RE Lig BREN IRE, ieeoa eps a par] ene Example 14.4 perio fintion period ie defined ac JG)=[1,-2

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