Discrete Quantitative Questions Wl Testing Tactics @ Practice Exercises @ Answer Key 1 Answer Explanat The discrete quantitative questions are lke the standard multiple-choice questions you have encountered in math classes and on other standardized tests. They cover basic arithmetic operations, elementary algebra, and plane geometry. They test your knowledge of basic mathematical concepts and also, in some cases, your abilty to apply that knowledge, as in questions that ask you to solve a problem involving an actual or an abstract situation. The arithmetic questions deal with operations on numbers and finding powers, roots of powers, percents, and averages. The algebra questions include linear equa- tions, factorization, inequalities, exponents, and radicals. ‘Also, some questions test the abilty to set up an equation in order to solve a problem. The topics in geometry clude properties of lines, circles, triangles, rectangles, and other polygons. Also, some questions test knowledge of measurement-related concepts, the Pythagorean the- orem, and coordinate geometry. There are 10 discrete quantitative questions in each ‘quantitative section of the test—usually questions 16-20 and 26-80, with a set of 5 data interpretation questions in between. Generally, the first 5 discrete quantitative ques- tions are easier than the last 5. The tactics and practice exercises that follow will help you answer these questions, US ales y Use Your Time Wisely You have 30 minutes for 30 questions. The 15 quantitative comparison questions should be done in 10 minutes. That leaves 20 minutes to do 5 data interpretation questions, and 10 discrete quantitative questions, Thus, itis logical to expect o allow a minute or a minute and a half for each ‘question. If you find that you are spending as much as two minutes on a question, you must come to some decision about your answer right then and there. However, mark the question in some way so that you can return to it when you have completed the section. At that time the question may read differently or perhaps some item that came up since you left the question will help you answer it. In any event do not leave it blank. There is no penalty for guessing on, the GRE. Expect to encounter relatively easy questions in the early part of the test. Don't be surprised to find a beginning Question such as the following: 12x ~ 3 = 2, thenx — 5 = 2 B23 ©3 M4} 5} This is a warm-up question and should be done in a few seconds. 2x = 2 + 3,then x=2 and ab-f=2 2 272 Choose (A). 301302 Discrete Quantitative Questions The example that follows was question 30 on a recent test, and only 22% of the people who took the test chose the correct answer. The solution uses a time-saving strategy of representing variable quantities by convenient ‘numbers of your own choice, If the length of each of the sides of three square gar den plots is increased by 50 percent, by what percent | is the sum of the areas of the three plots increased? (A) 375% (B) 200% (C) 150% (D) 125% (E) 50% Avoid Lengthy Computations ‘Time saved on a question permits more time for the chal- lenging questions. Remember that all questions carry the same weight. In general, GRE questions do not involve lengthy, time-consuming computation. Therefore, if you ‘come to a question that seems to require straightforward but complex computation, look for a shortcut; there almost always is one. Consider this question. Can you arrive at the answer in less than 30 seconds, including time to read the question? 1.116963 0.369 (A) 3.023 (B) 3.024 (C) 3.025 (D) 3.026 (E) 3.027 s exactly equal to Ina question such as this one, your ability to do compli- cated division is not being tested. Since the question indi- Cates that the quotient is exactly one of the answers, the correct answer must obviously have, as its last digit, 7, which when multiplied by 9 (the last digit of the de- nominator) will yield 3 (the last digit of the numerator). Choose (E). Let the sides of the original three squares be 4, 6, and 8, respectively. The enlarged squares would have sides 6, 9, and 12, respectively. The sum of the areas of the original squares would be 16 + 96 + 64 for a total of 116 square Units. The sum of the areas of the three enlarged squares would be 36 + 81 + 144 for a total of 261 square units, which is an increase of 145 square units: Amount of increase 4 999, Original amount Percent Increase 145 = 77g X 100% = 1.25 x 100% = 125% Choose (D) Here's another question on which you can save time: This question was answered correctly by 81% of those ‘who recently took this test. Observe that in adding the fractions the least common denominator is 60. Do you see that asa clue that the correct answer is (B) or (E)? 601 _ 901 _201_15 4 60'2 ~ 60'3 ~ 604 ~ 60" 137 the sum is equal tog A Since 1 Choose (E).Read the Questions Carefully Read each question carefully to make sure you answer the question that was asked and not the one you expected to be asked. Also, make sure you take all rele- vant information into consideration and that you work with the correct units, make Sketches Here is the type of question that can be solved easily if you make a pictorial representation of the facts, ‘The length of a rectangular floor is 16 feet and its width is 12 feet. If each dimension were reduc s feet to make the ratio of length to width 3 to what would be the value of s? (A) 0 (B) 2 o4 (D) 6 © 8 Caution: The sketches you make need not be works of art. Don't spend time showing off; your test booklet will not be inspected 16 16-s I2-s Le SOLUTION: Length _ 16-5 Width ~ 12-8 ~2 32-28 = 36-35 s=4 Choose (C). Discrete Quantitative Questions 303 oe A dresser drawer contains 15 garments. If 40 percent of those garments are blouses, how many are NOT blouses? (A) 6 (B) 8 © 9 (D) 10 (B) 12 This is a relatively easy question but the 82% that did not choose (C) carelessly overlooked the word NOT. Visualize the Situation Presented; Here is another question that requires you to visualize a situation, | Point B is on line segment AC, and point E is on line segment DF. If AB > DE and BC = EF, then | (A) AC DF (D) DF> AC (E) EF > DF ‘To obtain the correct answer quickly, use the following solution and sketch: If equal quantities are added to unequal quantities, the sums are unequal in the same order. B —$ + Choose (C)304 Discrete Quantitative Questions y Mark Up Diagrams Given in the Test Booklet See how this tactic works with a former, very challenging GRE question. What is the area of the quadrilaterial shown above? (B) 3V3 © 8 (A) 2V3- ) 6 (C) 6V3- SOLUTION: On the marked-up diagram, AE 1 FC and BD 1 FC. (Ae) + (FEY (ae + 1=4 (46) = 3 AE = V3 = height (ary Since ABCF is an isosceles trapezoid its area = (average of bases) * height 244 2 =3ve Choose (8). x Vo Be Prepared to Apply Basic Rules, Formulas, and Concepts Examinees are expected to have basic mathematical lem discussed under Tactic 5 the Pythagorean theorem knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, and geometry, andtobe was applied, as well asthe formula for the area of an isos- able to apply that knowledge in some cases. In the prob- eles trapezoid. Look at the Answer Choices Before Attempting to Answer Complex Problems This tactic is important for several reasons. 1. Looking at the answer choices may show you a quick way of solving the problem, as in the first example for Tactic 1 2. The answer choices give you an idea of how exact your figuring has to be. For example, if the choices are 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, you know you have to get a pretty exact answer, whereas if the choices are 9, 18, 40, 80, 90, you do not. This should alert you to several possibili- ties: you may be able to save time by estimating, there is a. good chance that a shortcut is involved, and you may be able to get the correct answer by eliminating choices that just are not reasonable. 3. The answer choices show you the form that is required, This information will keep you from wasting time putting your answer in a form that is notgiven. For example, if the answers are all decimals, you do not want to com- pute your answer in terms of fractions.Discrete Quantitative Questions 305 x If You Can’t Answer a Question, Try to Work Back from the Answer Choices ‘Sometimes this is easier and faster than trying to solve the problem through other means. For example, in the following question the best way to do ths isto start with answer choice (A) and substitute the values of the table in each of the possible answers | Which of the following equations gives the | relationship between R and S in the table above? (A) S=2R (B) S=R+1 () S=R-1 (D) $=3R=1 (BE) S=2R+5 | Choice (A) is not correct because, when R = 2, S does not = 5. Choice (B) is not correct because, when R = 3, does not = 8. Choice (C) is not correct because, when R = 1, S doesnot = 2. Choice (0), S = 3R — 1,is satisfied by all values in the table: (3 x 1) ~ (1) = (3x 2)-1=5,(8 x 3)-1=8,(4x3)-1=11 (5 x 3) ~ 1 = 14, and (6 x 3) ~ 17. Choice (E) is ‘not correct because, when R = 1, S does not = 2 Choose (0).306 Discrete Quantitative Questions Practice Exercises Discrete Quantitative Exercise A Dire inswer choices given th of the Questions 1-25 has five answer choices. For each of these questions, select the best of the In 1970, it cost $12 to purchase 100 pounds of fer- tilizer. In 1990, it cost $34 to purchase 100 pounds of fertilizer. The price of 100 pounds of fertilizer increased how many dollars between 1970 and 19907 (A) 1.20 (B) 2.20 (©) 3.40 (D) 22 (B) 34 A house cost Ms. Jones C dollars in 1989. Three years later she sold the house for 25% more than she Paid fr it. She has to pay a tax of 50% ofthe gain. (The gain is the selling price minus the cost.) How much tax must Ms. Jones pay? a) he ws ls © tc wm § (B) 0.6C If the length of a rectangle is increased by 20%, and the width of the same rectangle is decreased by 20%, then the area of the rectangle (A) decreases by 20% (B) decreases by 4% (C) is unchanged (D) increases by 20% (E) increases by 40% Eight percent of the people eligible to vote are between 18 and 21. In an election, 85% of those eli- gible to vote who were between 18 and 21 actually voted. In that election, people between 18 and 21 who actually voted were what percent of those peo ple eligible to vote? (A) 4.2 (B) 6.4 (©) 68 (D) 8 (E) 8.5 5 If n and p are both odd numbers, which of the fol- lowing numbers must be an even number? (A) n+p (B) mp (C) mp +2 (D)nt+p+l (© n+p It costs g cents a mile for gasoline and m cents a mile for all other costs to run a car. How many dollars will it cost to run the car for 100 miles? gtm ~ oa" (B) 100g + 100m Ogtm (D) g+ 0.1m () g art.) In the figure above, what is the length of the line segment that connects A to B? (A) V3 (B) 2 © 2v2 (D) 4 (&) 8 ‘A cab driver’s income consists of his salary and tips, His salary is $50 a week. During one week his tips were 3 of his salary, What fraction of his income for the week came from tips? ws wt} ©%28 M2 wh9. Given that x and y are real numbers, let S(x,y) x? y?, Then §(3, 5(3,4)) = (A) -40 (B) -7 (C) 40 (D) 49 (E) 56 10. Eggs cost 90¢ a dozen. Peppers cost 20¢ each. An 1 omelet consists of 3 eggs and 5 of a pepper. How much will the ingredients for 8 omelets cost?” (A) $0.90 (B) $1.30 (C) $1.80 (D) $2.20 (E) $ 2.70 1. tis 185 miles from Binghamton to New York City. If a bus takes 2 hours to travel the first 85 miles, how many minutes must the bus take to trav: el the final 100 miles in order to average 50 miles aan hour for the entire trip? (A) 60 (B) 75 (C) 94 (D) 102 (B) 112 A a B : ¢ c D bE (2, What is the area of the figure above, if ABDC is a rectangle and BDE is an isosceles right triangle? (A) ab (B) ab? © of« + A) (D) cab (&) doe 13, If2x + y = 5, then dx + 2y = (ay 3s (B) 8 © 9 (D) 10 (E) none of these 4, In 1967, a new boat cost $2,500; in 1992, the same type of boat cost $4,800. The cost of that type of boat increased by what percent between 1967 and 19927 (A) 48 (B) 52. (C) 92. (D) 152 (E) 192 15, 16. Discrete Quantitative Questions 307 tH es ‘What is the area of the square ABCD in the figure above? (A) 10 (B) 18 (C) 24 (D) 36 (E) 48 Ifx + y = 6and 3x — (A) -1 (B) © () ®) 4, then.x — y = aane 2 F then fs is equal to we OF} ©} MF HF a > € In the figure above, BD is perpendicular to AC. BA and BC have length a. What is the area of the trian- gle ABC? (A) Ve = (B) Va * © aaa (D) awe =a ©) «wee . If two places are one inch apart on a map, then they are actually 160 miles apart. (The scale on the map 7 is one inch equals 160 miles). If Seton is 2; inches from Monroe on the map, how many miles is it from Seton to Monroe? (A) 3 (B) 27 (©) 300 (D) 360 (E) 460308 Discrete Quantitative Questions A db B E 20. In the figure above, ABCD is a rectangle. The area of isosceles right triangle ABE = 7, EC = 3(BE). ‘The area of ABCD it (A) 21 (B) 28 (C) 42 (D) 56 (E) 84 21. An automobile tire has two punctures. The first puncture by itself would make the tie flat in 9 min- utes. The second puncture by itself would make the tire flat in 6 minutes. How long will it take for both punctures together to make the tire flat? (Assume the air leaks out at a constant rate.) 3 (A) 35 minutes (B) 4 minutes © Skminutes (0) 1} minutes (E) 15 minutes 22. For the integer n, if n' is odd, which of the following statements is (are) true? 1 nis odd. IL. ris odd. HL. 1? is even. (A) Lonly (B) Honly (C) Mlonly (D) Land Il only (E) Land Ill only Discrete Quantitative Exercise B Directions: Each of the Questions 1-25 has five answer choices. answer choices given, . There are 50 students enrolled in Business 100. Of the enrolled students, 90% took the final exam. Two- thirds of the students who took the final exam passed the final exam, How many students passed the final exam? (A) 30 (B) 33 (C) 34 (D) 35. (E) 45 {fais less than b, which of the following numbers is greater than a and less than b? a+b w) 4 ib o> Ove (D) ab (BE) b-a@ y AA™ V In the figure above, OR and PR are radii of circles. PR is tangent to the circle with center 0. The length of OP is 4. If OR = 2. what is the length of PR? (A) 2 ws 3 2 © (D) For each of these questions, select the best of the 1. A bus uses one gallon of gasoline to travel 15 miles After a tune-up, the bus travels 15% farther on one gallon. How many gallons of gasoline (to the nearest tenth) will it take for the bus to travel 150 miles after atune-up? (A) 8.5 (B) 8.7 (C) 8.9 (D) 9.0 (E) 10.0 2. Ifa + 2y = 4 and} = 2, then.x = wo ®} O©1 M3 2 3 It costs $1,000 to make the first thousand copies of a book and x dollars to make each subsequent copy. If it costs a total of $7,230 to make the first 8,000 cop- ies of a book, what is x? (A) 0.89 (B) 0.90375 (C) 1.00 (D) 89 (E) 90.3754. If 16 workers can finish a job in 3 hours, how long should it take 5 workers to finish the same job? (A) 3} hours (B) 4 hours (C) Shours (D) Tig hours (&) 93 hours 5. A box contains 12 poles and 7 pieces of net. Each Piece of net weighs 0.2 pound; each pole weighs 1.1 pounds. The box and its contents together weigh 16.25 pounds. How much does the empty box weigh? (A) 1.2 pounds (B) 1.65 pounds (C) 2.75 pounds (D) 6.15 pounds (B) 16 pounds 6. Ifa + b + ¢ + dis positive number, a minimum, of x of the numbers a, b, c, and d must be positive where x is equal to (a) 0 (B) | (© 2 (D) 3 (4 K 1a M 7. Consider the accompanying diagram. Which of the following statements is true? (A) KM < KL (B) KM LM 8. Which of the following numbers is the largest? (A) (2+ 2+ 29° (B) ((2 + 2yF (C) 2x2x 2 (D) 24+ 2 + 2 4s u 12. Discrete Quantitative Questions 309 In a survey of the town of Waso, it was found that 165% of the people polled watched the news on tele- vision, 40% read a newspaper, and 25% read a newspaper and watched the news on television. ‘What percent of the people surveyed neither watched the news on television nor read a newspaper? (A) 0% (B) 5% (C) 10% (D) 15% (E) 20% ‘A worker is paid d dollars an hour for the first 8 hours she works in a day. For every hour after the first 8 hours, she is paid c dollars an hour. If she works 12 hours in one day, what is her average hourly wage for that day” dd+e w ast (B) 8d + 4c 8d + 12c TE 4d + 8c ) 1). (d+ (3) A screwdriver and a hammer currently have the same price. If the price of a screwdriver rises by 5% and the price of a hammer goes up by 3%, by what percent will the cost of 3 screwdrivers and 3 ham- mers rise? (A) 3% (B) 4% (C) 5% (D) 8% (E) 24% © If the radius of a circle is increased by 6%, then the area of the circle is increased by (A) 0.36% (B) 3.6% (C) 6% (D) 12.36% (E) 36% Given that a and b are real numbers, let flab) = ab and let g(a) = a? + 2. Then 13, g(3)] = (A) 3a? +2 (B) 3a? + 6 (©) 27 (D) 29 (B) 33310 Discrete Quantitative Questions 14. A share of stock in Ace Enterprises cost D dollars on Jan. 1, 1992. One year later, a share increased to Q dollars. The fraction by which the cost of a share of stock has increased in the year is ) oP b- ®) 2 D O5 ) g -D (E) 2 F G D Cc | ,——“ E ‘A 15. Inthe figure above, ABCD is a square, EFGH is a rectangle. AB = 3, EF = 4, FG = 6. The area of the region outside of ABCD and inside EFGH is, A 6 (B) 9 © 12 ) 15 (E) 24 D F 16. In the triangle above, DC is parallel to FE. AD = DF, DC = 4, and DF = 3. What is FE? (A) 4 (B) 5 (6 (D7 ®s 17. Which of the following fractions is the largest? 5 wo? of OF oF oF 18, 19. 20. 2. 2B How much simple interest will $2,000 earn in 18 months at an annual rate of 6%? (A) $120 (B) $180 © 8 216 (D) $1,800 () $2,160 Ifx + y>Sand.x — y > 3, then which of the fol- lowing gives all possible values of x and only possi- ble values of x? (A) x>3 (B) x>4 ©Ox>5 (D) x<5 () x<3 If the average (or arithmetic mean) of 6 numbers is 4.5, what is the sum of the numbers? (A) 4.5 (B) 24 (©) 27 (D) 30 (E) cannot be determined A silo is filled to capacity with W pounds of wheat Rats eat r pounds a day. After 25 days, what percent of the silo’s capacity have the rats eaten? (a) 33 257 Toow P © 2.500(f) OF (B) © ay Ite + 2x — (A) -2 (B) -1 © o () 2 ®) 8 The interest charged on a loan is p dollars per $1,000 for the first month and q dollars per $1,000 for each month after the first month. How much interest will bbe charged during the first three months on a loan of $10,000? (A) 30p (B) 30q (C) p+ 2q (D) 20p + 10p (E) l0p + 209 0, then xis either —4 or24, A GE le G c D In rectangle ACDF, AB = BC and FE = ED. Gis any point on AF. The ratio of the area of BCDE to the area of triangle GCD is (A) 21 (BY 12 (CO) Ll (D) 23 © 3:2 Answer Key ‘The letter following each question number is the correct answer. The numbers in parentheses refer to the sec- tions of Chapter 11: Mathematics Review that explain the Discrete Quantitative Exercise A DLA) 8 CU 9. AIL) 10. Dd-B) 11 DGC) 12, C(ILG, I-A, 1-H) 13. DUEB) 8 9 10, WL Ba-C) 12. DAIL-G) BUILG, LF) 13. EIA) E(IL-D) Answer Explanations Discrete Quantitative Exercise A 1. D. The price increased by 34 — 12 22 dollars, B. Ms, Jones sold the house for 125% of Cor 3c. Thus, the gain is3C — C = §. She must pay a tax of 50% of For of §. Therefore, the tax is§ Notice that the three years has nothing to do with the problem. Sometimes a question con- tains unnecessary information Diserete Quantitative Questions 311 then Sy = necessary mathematics principles. A more detailed explanation of all answers follows 14. Is. 16. V7. 18, 19. 14 15, 16 "7 18. 19. cap) 20. DAI-G) DAIL-H, I1-G) 21. ACEC) A(I-B) 22. D-H) 23. BILD, 24. EO 2s, A(LB) 20. CG) DAII-G) 21. CUD) E(I-D) 22. DUA, IB) A(EA, EB, IG) 23. B(LD) 24. BAIL-G) 25 The area of a rectangle is length times width. Let L and W denote the original length and width. Then the new length is 1.2L and the new width is 0.8W. Therefore, the new area is (1.2L)(0.8W) = 0.96LW or 96% of the original area. So the area has decreased by 4%. Voters between 18 and 21 who voted were 85% of the 8% of eligible voters. Thus, (0.08)(0.85) = 0.068, so people between 18 and 21 who actually voted were 6.8% of the eligible voters.312 _ Discrete Quantitative Questions 5, 6. 7, 10. 12, A. ‘Odd numbers are of the form 2x + I where x is an integer. Thus ifm = 2x + I and p = 2k + Lthenn + p = 2x +14 2k +1 = 2r + 2k + 2, which is even, Using n = 3 and p = 5, all the other choices give an odd number. In general, if a problem involves odd or even numbers, try using the fact that odd numbers are of the form 2x + 1 and even numbers of the form 2y where x and y are integers. ‘To run a car 100 miles will cost 100(g + m) cents. Divide by 100 to convert to doltars. The result is g + m Using the distance formula, the distance from. AtoBis Vd - GDP + G= 3 =Vie4= V8 = VEX 2 = V4y2 = 2V2. You have to be able to si ‘V8 in order to obtain the correct answer. Tips for the week were 3 x 50, so the driver's 9 total income was 50 + 3(50) = 3650). Therefore, 3650) tips made up —— $650) Don't waste time figuring out the total income and the tip income. You can use the time saved to answer other questions. S(3,4) = 3° — 4? = 9 — 16 = —7. There- fore, S(3,S(3,4)) = S3,—7) = ¥ — (77 =9- 49 = -40. 8 omelets will use 8 x 3 = 24 eggs and 8 x Sof is income 4 = 2peppers. Since 24 is two dozen, the cost will be (2)(90¢) + (2)(20¢) = 220¢ or $2.20. In order to average 50 mph for the trip, the bus must make the tip in 485 = 3,7; hours, which is 222 minutes. Since 2 hours or 120 minutes were needed for the first 85 miles, the final 100 miles must be completed in 222 — 120, which is 102 minutes. The area of a rectangle is length times width so the area of ABDC is ab. The area of a triangle is one-half of the height times the base. Since BDE is an isosceles right triangle, the base and height both are equal to b. Thus, the area of BDE is $b?. Therefore, the area ofthe figure is ab + ?, which is equal to (a + 8) You have to express your answer as one of the pos- sible answers, so you need to be able to simplify. 16. 17. 19. 20. Since 4x + 2y is equal to 2(2x + y) and 2x + y = 5, 4x + 2y is equal to 2(5) of 10 ‘The cost increased by $4,800 minus $2,500 or $2,300 between 1967 and 1975. So the cost increased by 3:35, which is 0.92 0r92%. Answer (E) is incorrect. The price in 1975 is 192% of the price in 1967, but the increase is 92%. The distance from (~ 1, 2) 0 (5, 2) is 6. (You can use the distance formula or just count the blocks in this case. ) The area of a square is the length of a side squared, so the area is 6? or 36. Since x + y = 6 and 3x ~ y = 4, we may add the two equations to obtain 4x = 10, or x = 2.5. Then, because x + y = 6, y must be 3.5. Therefore, x — y -1 If is 3, then} is 3. Since (:) is equal to ‘The area of a triangle is} altitude times base Since BD is perpendicular to AC, x is the alti- tude. Using the Pythagorean theorem, x° + (AD)? = a and? + (DC) = a2. Thus, AD = DC, and AD = Va? =. So the base is Va? = 7. There- fore, the area is H(x)(2V@ — ¥5), which is choice B 2 Boothe 15160: 22: xx = 22160). 2s distance from Seton to Monroe i 460 miles. A 4 , ’ ° s € F 6 ¢ Let EF = FG = GC. Therefore, BE = EF FG = GC. Draw perpendiculars EH, FI, GJ. Draw diagonals HF, IG, JC. The 8 triangles are equal in area since they each have the same altitude (AB or DC) and equal bases (BE. EF. FG, GC, AH, HI, IJ, JD). Since the area of ABE = 7, the area of ABCD = (8)(7) or 56.21. A. Ineach minute the first puncture will leal the air and the second puncture will leak } of the sir Togoer + 4 = $0 Sof the ai will leak out in each minute. In 18 or 33 min- utes the tire will be flat. 9 Since an even number times any number is, even, and mn times nis odd neither m nor? can be even. Therefore, n and n? must both be odd for nto be odd. [and Il are true, and IIT is false. 23. A. 90% of $0 is 45, so-45 students took the final. 2 of 45 is 30. Therefore, 30 students passed the final. Discrete Quantitative Exercise B 1, B. After the tune-up, the bus will travel (1.15)(15) 7.25 miles on a gallon of gas. Therefore, it will take 150 + 17.25 = 8.7 (to the nearest tenth) gallons of gasoline to travel 150 miles. J = 2,then x = 2y,sox + 2y = 2y + 2y 4y. Butx + 2y = 4,s04y = 4,ory = 1 Since x = 2y, x must be 2. 3. A. The cost of producing the first 8,000 copies is 1,000 + 7,000x. 1,000 + 7,000x = $7,230. Therefore, 7,000x ~ 6,230 and x = 0.89. 4. E, Assume all workers work at the same rate unless given different information. Since 16 workers take 3 hours, each worker does a of the job an hour. Thus, the S workers will finish of the job each hour. Fox = $8. twill take 48 5 3 hours for them to finish the job. 5. B. The 12 poles weigh (12) (1.1) = 13.2 pounds and the 7 pieces of net weigh 7(0.2) = pounds, so the contents of the box weigh 13.2 + 1.4 = 14.6 pounds. Therefore, the box by itself must weigh 16.25 — 14.6 = 1.65 pounds, 6. B. [fall the numbers were not positive, then the sum could not be positive so A is incorrect. If a, b, and c were all ~ 1 and d were 5, then a + b +c + dwould be positive soC, D, and E are incorrect. Discrete Quantitative Questions 313 The average of two different numbers is always between the wo. Ifa = 2and b = 3, then b? = a? = 5,ab = 6,andb — a= 180 C.D, and E must be false. Ifa = 4and b = 1, then (ab) ap) = 1, so B is also false Since the radius to the point of tangeney is per- Pendicular to the tangent, OR must be perpen- dicular to PR. Therefore, ORP isa right triangle, and (PO)? = (OR)? + (PR). Then, (PR)? = (PO)? = (ORY. Thus, (PRY? 2, and PR = V16 — 4 = 23, “O M Since the measure of angle M is 55°, the meas- ure of angle K is 35°. Therefore, KL > LM since the larger side is opposite the larger angle. Choice A gives 6? or 36. Choice B gives 4* or 256. Choice C is 8° or 64. Choice Dis 2 + 4 + 16 = 22. Choice Eis 4° or 64. 00% water or ena BOM Since 25% read the newspaper and watched the news on television and 40% read the newspa- per, 40% — 25% or 15% read the newspaper but did not watch the news on television. Thus 65% + 15% or 80% réad the newspaper or watched the news on television, so 100% — 80% or 20% neither read the newspaper nor watched the news on television.ma 10. 17. A. Discrete Quantitative Questions For the first 8 hours, the worker is paid a total of 8d. For the final 4 hours (12 ~ 8), she is paid 4c. Therefore, her total pay is 8d + 4c. To find the average hourly pay, divide by 12. To find the correct answer among the choices, you have to reduce the fraction. Divide the ‘numerator by 4 and the denominator by 4. . B. If the price of one screwdriver increases by 5%, then the price of three screwdrivers increases by 5% (not 15%). The percentage change is the same regardless of the number sold. Since a screwdriver and a hammer cur- rently cost the same, the screwdrivers and the hammers each cost one-half of the total price. So one-half of the total is increased by 5%. The other half is increased by 3%. Therefore, the total price is increased by 4 (5%) + 53%) = 4% D. After the radius is increased by 6%, the radius E. Since g(a) will be 1.06 times the original radius. Since the area of a circle is 7’, the new area will be W(1.06r)? = (1.123677) oF 1.12367". Thus, the area has been increased by 0.1236 or by 12.36%. @ + 2, g(3) is + 2or Il. So F13,g(3)] is f 3.11) = 3 x Io 33. . A. The difference in the price is @ ~ D. So the fraction by which it has increased is 25. Note that the denominator is the original price. D. Since ABCD is a square, the area of ABCD is 3? or 9. The area of the rectangle EFGH is length times width or 4x 6 = 24. Thus, the area outside the square and inside the rectangle is 24 — 9or 15 E, Since CD is parallel to EF, the triangles ACD and AEF are similar. Therefore, corresponding sides are proportional. So CD is to EF as AD is to AF. Since AD = DF, AB is 5. Therefore, EF is twice CD or 8. A. You need to find a common denominator for the fractions. One method is to multiply all the denominators. A quicker method is to find the least common multiple of the denominators. Since6 = 3 x 2, 14=2x 215 =3 x5, 21 = 3 x 7,and 35 = 5 x 7, the least com- mon multiple is 2x 3.x 5 x7 175 11 ;, 165 12;, 168 17,170 429 210° 145 210° 15 210° Zr 'S 10" and 35 '8 174 5 S748. written as 375, has the largest numerator. 18, 19. 20. 21 22, 23, 24, 25 18 months is 3 ofa year. Interest = Amount Time x Rate. ($2,000) (3) (0.06) = $180. Ifx + y > Sand.x — y > 3, then, since both inequalities are of the same type, the corre- sponding sides can be added to obtain 2x > 8 orx> 4. The average of 6 numbers is the sum of the numbers divided by 6. Thus, the sum of the numbers is the average multiplied by 6, or 4.5, X 6, which is 27, After 25 days the rats have eaten 25r pounds of wheat. So 497 isthe fraction ofthe capacity eaten by the rats. To change this to percent, multiply by 100. 43 x 100 = 2,500 7) Factor.x? + 2x — 8into(x + 4)(x — 2). Ifx is either —4 or 2,x° + 2x — 8 = 0, and Dis the correct answer. The interest on the $10,000 for the first month will be 0p. For the next 2 months the interest will be 20g. The total interest is 10p + 20g. Area of rectangle ACDF = (AC\(CD). Area of (BC\CD) or () (ac(CD), rectangle BCDE Area of triangle GCD = () (acycD) A time-consuming method would be to solve for y in terms of x and to substitute that value in Sy. A superior method would be to multiply both sides of the equation by 6 in order to obtain a value of Sy. 3x (63x) = (i) 18x = Sy