Numerical 2

(Water Demand)
Q.1 Estimate the water requirement for the following communities

Dsgn.pop Per capita Average Max. daily Peak Chx for fire Fire demand Dsn flow
ulation demand water dema hourly demand (m3/d) (water
(lpcd) demand (m3/d) demand distributi
(m3/d) nd (m3/d) on
system)

22000 600 6 storey

building
55000 170
with
120000 610 a)Ordinary
constructio
n b)wood
constructio
n (Each
floor
area=1000
m2. )
 Q.1Estimate the water requirement for the following communities

Design Per Average Max. Peak Chx for fire Max Max
population capita water daily hourly demand daily+ daily+
demand demand demand demand Fire Fire
(lpcd) (m3/d) (m3/d) (m3/d) demand deman
(m3/d) d
ordinary (m3/d)
wood

22000 600 6 storey

13200 19800 29700 30172.47 35358.7
building with
55000 170 9350 14025 21037.5 a)Ordinary 24397.47 29583.7
120000 610 b)wood
construction
(Each floor
area=1000
m2)
73200 109800 164700 120172.5 125358.7

Fire demand =17287.45 l/min=10372.5 m3/day(ordinary)

=25931.17l/min= 15558.7 m3/day (wood)
 Numerical 3
(Water demand)

3 storey wooden-frame building has each floor area

• a)900 m2
• b)700m2
• c)400m2
Determine fire flow and total daily amount of fire flow for
maximum duration of fire flow .
Solution problem 3
floor area fire demand daily fire
per total wood(litres/ demand(m3
storey(m2) floors area(m2) min) /day)
900 3 2700 17395.16 10437.1
700 3 2100 15341.09 9204.653
400 3 1200 11596.77 6958.064
 Numerical 4
(Population Forecasting)
Predict the population for the years 1981, 1991,
1994, and 2001 from the following census figures of
a town by different methods.
Year Population: Arithmatic Geometric Increment per
(thousands) Increment per year year
1901 60 - -
1911 65
1921 63
1931 72
1941 79
1951 89
1961 97
1971 120

Averages -
Problem: Predict the population for the years 1981,
1991, 1994, and 2001 from the following census
figures of a town by different methods.
Year Population: Arithmatic geometric Increment per
(thousands) Increment per year year
1901 60 - -
1911 65 0.5 0.008004
1921 63 -0.2 -0.00313
1931 72 0.9 0.013353
1941 79 0.7 0.009278
1951 89 1 0.011919
1961 97 0.8 0.008607
1971 120 2.3 0.021278
Averages 0.857143 0.009902
-
 Solution problem 1
For arithmetic growth method : Pf = PO + K(tf-to)
Average increases per year =K = 0.857
Population for the years,
1981= population 1971 + K(tf-to) = 120 + 8.57 = 128.57
For geometric growth method : Pf = POe Kn; Where n=(tf-to)
Average increases per year =K = 0.0099
Population for the years,
1981= Population 1971 x e Kn = 120 x e Kn =132.5 (n = 10)

Pf
(arithmet Pf
year PO tf-to Kar ic) Kgeo (Geometric)
1981 120 10 0.857 129 0.0099 132.491
1991 120 20 0.857 137 0.0099 146.282
2001 120 30 0.857 146 0.0099 161.508
1994 120 23 0.857 140 0.0099 150.692
 Numerical 5
(Population forecasting)
• A city had a population of 210000 in 1991 and
240000 in 2001.If the city is assumed to follow
arithmetic rate of growth find the population
of the city in 2018
• Present (2009) population of city is 1350000
and it is expected to grow at a uniform rate of
3% per annum. Find its population in 2033
 Numerical 6
Population Forecasting
A B
Year Populatio Average Geometr Year Population Average Geometr
n Increme ic Increme ic
nt /yr Increme nt /yr Increme
nt /yr nt /yr
1970 30000 1950 8000
1980 40000 1960 8990
1990 62000 1970 11300
2000 67000 1980 14600
Avg 1990 18400
Avg

Estimate population for 2015 and 2048 in both of the cases

Problem 1
Population
Problem 2
estimate
Year Populatio Average Geometr Year Population Average Geometr
n Increme ic Increme ic
nt /yr Increme nt /yr Increme
nt /yr nt /yr
1970 30000 1950 8000
1980 40000 1000 0.028768 1960 8990 99 0.011667
1990 62000 2200 0.043825 1970 11300 231 0.022869
2000 67000 500 0.007756 1980 14600 330 0.025622
Avg 1233.333 0.026783 1990 18400 380 0.023133
Avg 313.6667 0.023875

number of arithmetic geomtric

year years growth growth
solution problem 1 2015 15 85500 100127.1
2048 48 126200 242326.3
solution problem 2 2015 25 26241.7 33422.04
2048 58 36592.7 73484.69
 Problem 2
(Sources of water)

A small community had a population of 65000

and 85000 in the year of 1995 and 2005
respectively. Assuming a geometric growth
rate and an average WC of 300lit/cap/day.
Calculate the design flow for the treatment
plant and the transmission main from
current year. Select an appropriate value for
design period.
 Solution Problem 2
• P1995 =65000 , P2005=85000,
• Pf = POe Kn =85000= 65000x(e10K)
K=0.0268person/yr
For transmission main design period=25 yrs(design yr=2037)
Treatment plant =15 yrs(design yr=2027)
Pf (transmission main)= 85000x(e0.0268x(2037-2005))=200387.15
Pf (treatment plant)= 85000x(e0.0268x(2027-2005))=153277.7
Max daily WC=1.5x300=450Lit/capita/day
Capacity for transmission mains= 200387.15 x450=90174.2m3/day
Capacity for treatment plant = 153277.7 x450=68974.96m3/day
 Problem 3
(Sources of wtaer)
• The present population of a community is
160000 increasing at a geometric growth
rate of 0.043 per yr. The present water
requirement of the community are fully
met by a number of tube wells installed in
the city. The average WC is 350l/c/d using a
design period of 15 yrs. Calculate the
number of additional tube-wells of
3.4m3/min capacity to meet the demand of
design period.
 Solution problem 3
Avg WC=350l/c/d; design period=15yrs
Present population=Po=160000;K=0.043
Pf = POe Kn =160000X(e0.043x15)=304957.92
Additional poulation=304957.92-160000=144957.92
Total WC= 350x144957.92=50735272l/d=50735.2m3/day
Tubewell capacity=3.4x60x24=4896m3/day
With storage/ overhead reservoir(OHR)
max. Daily WC=1.5x50735.2=76102.9m3/day
Total no. of tube wells=76102.9/4896=15.5≈16
No overhead reservoir(OHR)
Peak hourly flow=2.25x50735.2=114154.4m3/day
Total no. of tubewells wells=114154.4/4896=23.3≈24