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٢ دَُ
هم ٱه١ د
َّللُ ٱلص َح
ٌَ َ ٱه
َّللُ أ ُ ۡ
هو ُل
ق
ُۥ
ه ُن هل
يكَ ََۡلم
و٣ د َ ي
ۡول ُ ََۡلم د وِۡ
يل َلم
َ ۡ
ُۢ
ُ
٤ ًا أحد
َ َ ُوُف
ك
“Say He is the God, The One, The Absolute, The uncaused of all beings. He begets not,
Neither is He begotten; He is the Matchless, There is nothing like Him”
Thus He may be considered as the unique “Singularity”, Who may be felt in the relativist
world of man but cannot be comprehend by the human intellect.
The nearest we can go to Him is indicated by His characteristics of Time and Space.
He is the First, before Him there was nothing except He Himself. He is the Last, after Him
there is nothing except He Himself. He is the Outward, outside Him is nothing, but He; He is
the innermost, inside Him is nothing but He Himself;
ُۖ
ُ
ِن َاط ۡ َ
ٱلب ُ و َّٰه
ِرهَٱلظُ وٱۡلٓخِر
ۡ َ ُه
ل و ٱۡلَو
ۡ َ ُ
هو
٣ ٌ َل
ِيم ء ع ِ شَي
ٍۡ ُلِكَ ب َُ
هو و
“He is the First, And the Last, He is the Outward most, And the Inward most, and He has
full knowledge of everything”
ُه
ل
Here the words ( ٱۡلَو
ۡ ) the First and (ٱۡلٓخِر
ۡ ) the Last relates to TIME domain.
ُۖ
The words (ُ
ِن َاط َّٰه
ۡ ) the Innermost and (ِر
ٱلب ه
)ٱلظthe Outward-most
relate to the SPACE domain. Since the Holy Quran emphatically denies any kind of Duality
and Trinity in its concept of God, therefore Time and Space cannot be independent entities
besides Him. He is thus the very source of Time and Space continuum. These two are
unified in His own Personality, and the first pair of His creative activity; a manifestation of
His own existence.
Thus the continuum of Time and Space is to be seen the most fundamental pair of
existence, a key to the symmetry of universe. One cannot be separated from the other.
Nothing can take place without the input of Time and Space. We may say that, through
these characteristics if His existence, He is a part of every activity and event: and is directly
the Cause and Prime mover of everything. Nothing happens without His intercession. He is
the Outward, the Inward, the First and the Last, whose knowledge is above the bound of
relativity. He is the Absolute, Who must know everything because He is directly
responsible for everything, the ultimate source of symmetry; as the Quran says;
ض
ِِۡي ٱۡۡلَر
ما فَََّٰتِ و
َّٰو
َ َ
ِي ٱلسهم ما فَ َِّلل
َِه و
١٠٩ ُ ُُٱۡل
مور ۡ ُ َعۡج تر َِلى ٱه
ُ َِّلل َإ
و
To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And to Allah
will [all] matters be returned.
The Holy Quran tells also that the creative pattern of activity of Allah follows in symmetry
of pairs. Creation of one thing automatically means the simultaneous creation of its pair,
which complements each other. At any instant they are the result of parting off of the
singularity, and before that instant they had not existed independently but within that
singularity.
A basic example of this is the pair composed of matter and anti-matter. They exist
outside but, when together they were in the form of reality – “Nothingness” – which could
not be distinguished by its component.
In the following we shall discuss this most wonderful principle of Nature – a guiding
light for science, which states that Allah has created all things on the basis of symmetry of
pairs. There are several verses in the Holy Quran which point to this great reality of the
universe, some of which are given below:-
هاِم َل
ها م ُه
َ كَّٰج
َ
ۡو ٱۡلَز
ۡ َ لقََِي خ َ ه
ٱلذ َّٰن
َۡح سُب
َ هِ َ
ۡ ومما َل ُ
ۡ أنفسه
ِمِ َ ِنَم ٱۡلَر
ۡضُ و ۡ ُ ِتُۢب
تن ُ
٣٦ ن َُولمَۡيعَ
“Glory to Allah, Who created all things in pairs, Those that the earth produces, As well
as their own (human) kind, And things which They have no knowledge”
The verse 51:49 stresses the same fact in the following manner:
ُم
ۡ َه
لك ۡنِ َلع
َي َو
ۡج ز َا
قن ََ
ۡل ء خ ِ شَي
ٍۡ ُل َم
ِن ك و
٤٩ َُو
ن هرذكَت
َ
“And everything, We created in pairs, That you may reflect”
The use of word everything ( ) ُكلor all things ( ) ُكل ش َۡيءin the above relation implies that the
rule of creation in pairs has no exception. It is the law of nature and must be applicable to
all living or non-living things, on the earth and in the heavens. It means that if we follow
the scientific principle of reductionism, that is breaking complex system into its simpler
pairs, we should reach the Singularity of Nature i.e. Allah, the Creator of everything.
The verse 31:10 specifically describes that all biological type of life has also been based
upon pair- principle of creation:-
َا
ۡنَت
نبَُۢ
َأء فٗٓ
ا َ
م ِ
ء ٓ
اَمهٱلس َنِم اَن ۡ
لَنزََأ
و
١٠ ٍ ِيمَرٖ ك َو
ۡج ِ زُلِن كها م َِيف
“And we sent down rain from the sky, And protected on earth every kind, of noble
creatures in pairs”
CONCEPT OF PAIRS
At this stage it would be appropriate to clarify this concept of pairs. The original Arabic Al
Zauj ( )زوجhas been translated as ‘pair’ in English language by many famous translators of
Holy Quran. In the holy Quran it has been used to denote all kinds of pairs – of abstract and
physical things. For example the special mention of human kind in the Quranic verse 36:36
clarifies that the most obvious pair in universe is the opposite sexes. The next verse 36:37
terms the cycle day and night also as a pair, which are actually two manifestation of time,
due to the rotation of earth on its axis in front of the Sun, or presence of light and its
absence, or position of earth in front of the Sun and away from the Sun.
In the dictionary meanings, this word represents the couple of things which complement
or supplements each other in their existence or functions. Examples of such type of pairs
are: a pair of gloves, a pair of opposite sexes. Two corresponding parts of the same thing
such as scissors, tongs, trousers, etc., are also called pairs; two things in love or in
opposition also make a pair. Any kind of thing which can be bad, love and hatred. There are
pairs of things which cannot be separated from each other, such as transitional pairs of
mass and energy in a quantum of photons. There are also thing which apparently look like
unitary quantities but actually composed of one or more pairs of still simpler parts existing
within each other. Fundamental particles, in the nucleus of the atom, are an example of
such type of pairs.
The dictionary and common use meaning of the word “pair” are quite
comprehensive. In short, the word can be taken to represent the living and or non-living
organisms or things, which are complementary to each other for their existence,
irrespective of their being of similar or opposite characteristics.
ُُ
ه ِۥ
ن َٓ
ائ َز
نا خ َد
َِن ِه
َل ع ء إ ِن شَي
ٍۡ َإ
ِن م و
٢١ ٖ لومُۡ ٖ ه
مع درََ
ِق ِه
َل ب ُ
ه إ
ٓلُِۥ
َز ُ ما
نن ََو
“And there is not a thing, But its store houses is with us, And we send them down, But
in definite ascertainable measures, (i.e. in fixed quantities)”
It is evident from this verse that the creation pattern is not like a continuous flow but is in
discretely measured quanta.. the verse leaves no exception and we may say that creation in
definite measure or fixed quantities is the rule of nature. The following verse suggests that
discreteness is connected with the element of suddenness also:
َن د شَي
ۡا أ ََاَر َٓ
ا أ ِذ
ه إُ
ُٓمۥ
ر َ َٓ
ۡا أ ِه
نم إ
٨٢ نُُو َي
َك ُن فه ك ل َۥ
ُل َُو
يقَ
“Verily, when He intends a thing, His Command is, Be! And it is there”
Keeping the above verse in view, now refer to the principle of creation in pairs revealed in
verse 36:36 and 51:49 quoted already. From here the overall picture of creation would
emerge as creation in sudden quantum jumps, where each jump results into two new
creations, which constitute a pair.
According to it, in general, creations follow the geometrical progression:
At the far end, the number of creations would reach infinity. In this series of events, by the
process of reduction, we can trace back our destiny to the “Singularity of the Beginning”
also. In the finite number of events, any two individual events, A&B, may not be able to
visuals their relationship with each other and we may take them to be separate and
completely independent of each other, but in reality they are the product of a Singularity;
through whose motherhood they remain united, wherever and how far they may go deep
in the time and space. In this series of events, the Big Bang, the call of creation of universe,
is also an event, rather a junction point where all material things come to meet. In the same
series of events would be the event of the End of the universe, which cannot also occur
without its complementary event of recreation of a new universe, thus in a sense
completing the symmetry of creation in pairs.
FUNDAMENTAL PAIRS:
With this general scheme of things in mind, let us now refer back to the Quranic
revelations quoted earlier and study some of the more basic pairs of nature, namely:-
Fig (a)
Notice how the cause of one thing becomes the effect when you ask why again. The cause
of the "Injury" was a "Fall", and when you ask why "Fall", it changes to an effect and the
cause is "Slipped."
The process is going on ever since the beginning: Allah Himself is the FIRST CAUSE, the
primal origin of all things. Figure(a) represents this continuum of CAUSE and EFFECT ,
showing that all causes are effects and all effects are causes, collectively sum able into the
Primary cause, the God of the Universe.
Fig (b)
Mathematically:-
∑ Causes ------------------------------ ∑Effect
∑c = ∑e
In the infinity of the events;
∑c + ∑e ---------------------- 2 ∑ c ------------------------- ∑c infinity
For an outside observer, events are thus an undistinguishable continuous train of causes
only, predetermined, part of the primary cause.
∑c ⧏---------------------------------------------⧐ Primary Causes
ENERGY AND MASS:
ENERGY and MASS is another fundamental pair in nature. Physics took its birth on
appearance of the first quanta of this pair. In actual reality, as discovered by Einstein, they
are the transformation of the same thing. It is a particle while at rest, and Quantum of
energy when in the state of motion:
ACTION – REACTION
First of all, let us consider the 3rd law of Newton, which states that every action has a
reaction, which is equal but opposite in direction. In this law, action and reaction
constitute a pair of the same physical quantity:
Action ------------------> ------ <---------------------- Reaction
Newton’s First law of motion is actually a description of the state of the pair consisting of
motion ad rest. Three Hundred years after Newton, the Quantum Theory explained that
motion and rest are also separable. At the microscopic level, moving things hop between
places of rest and, on the other hand, things apparently at rest also oscillate on the
Molecular scale, forward and backward, about their mean positions in space. So there is no
true motion or true rest state, but a transition of the pair of motion and rest only. All praise
is for ALLAH who has arranged the things so.
Newton’s Law of Gravity speaks about the gravitational forces between a pair of masses:
𝑀1 × 𝑀2
𝐹 = 𝐺| |
𝑅2
This provides the acceleration ‘g’ in case of two bodies viz;
---------------≫ ---------- ≪-----------------
g g
LEPTONS QUARKS
PAIR NAME CHARGE NAME CHARGE
According to present knowledge, particles in the atoms are glued together by four kinds of
forces: strong forces, weak forces, gravity forces and electromagnetic forces.
The latest research ideas are trying to unify these forces into one pair only.
∎ BIOLOGICAL PAIRS
From the Quranic verse 31:10 quoted already, it appears that the principle of creation in
pairs should be most visible in the biological world. This is in fact the case; for example,
Mendel’s first law of Biology called “Law of Segregation” states that ‘during genetic
formation, pair of factors separates or segregate’. Mendel’s second law states that “the
segregation of one pair of factors is independent of the segregation of any other pair of
factors”. Thus the basis of biological world is seen to be the pair – symmetry. There are
males and females in each type of life. In the bisexual types, the pair – pattern is visible
from outside while in a-sexual types, it exists within them. Pair pattern of creation also
operates at the level of cells and down below. For example, genes of everything exist in
pairs. All chromosomes of diploid organism are presents in to copies of X and Y
chromosomes, assembled in two alpha and beta chains.
∎ MATTER – ANTIMATTER
In the realm of matter and energy, we have pairs of matter and anti-matter, electricity and
magnetism, kinetic energy and potential energy, etc. then also with positive we have
negative; with the right there is left; with order there is disorder; with life there is death;
with rise there is fall. In short, the Quranic principle of pairs rules everywhere in the
universe.
∎ PAIR OF STARS
In the cosmos there are found pairs of stars. Even our Sun has been discovered to have the
companion star, which follows it in the galaxy. Similarly, other stars exist in the pattern of
binary pairs. The Solar System may be seen as constituted of the pair of the sun and the
associated planets. Then the planets have their moons, completing their pairs.
∎ PAIRS IN PLANTS
Previously humans did not know that plants too have male and female gender distinctions.
Botany states that every plant has a male and female gender. Even the plants that are
unisexual have distinct elements of both male and female.
َلكَََسدا وٗه
ۡ َ
م َض ر
َۡۡ ُ
ٱۡل َ َلك
ُم َلَعِي ج ه
ٱلذ
ِا
ء ََٓ ٱلسهمِنل مََ َنز َأُٗٗل و
ها سُب َِي ُم
ۡ ف َلك
َٖات نبِن هٗا م َّٰج
َ
ۡو َزِ أ ِٓ
ه َا ۦ
ب َج
ۡن ۡرَخَأ
ء ف ٓم
ٗا َ
٥٣ َّٰهىشَت
"And has sent down water from the sky. With it have We produced diverse pairs of
plants each separate from the others."
[Al-Quran 20:53]
Quran also states about pairs in vegetation/ plants, in the following verse.
“……you see the earth barren and lifeless, but when We pour down rain on it, it is
stirred (to life), it swells, and it puts forth every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs)”
(al-hajj-5).
َي
ِۡن َو
ۡج ها زَِي َ فَل
َعَّٰتِ ج
َ
َر هم
ِ ٱلث ُلِن ك َم
و
ِي
ن فِهَ إهارَهَ ٱلن ۡل ِي ه
ٱلي ۡش يغُ ُِۖ
ۡن َي ۡ
ٱثن
٣نَُو
هرَكَف َ ٖ
يت ۡمَوِق
يتٖ ل َٓۡل
َّٰ َّٰل
َ َِك َ
ذ
“And from all of the fruits He made therein two mates;
(Ra’ad-3).
َا
ۡنَت
نبَُۢ
َأء فٗٓ
ا َ
م ِ
ء ٓ
اَمهٱلس َنِم اَن ۡ
لَنزََأ
و
١٠ ٍ َر
ِيم ٖ كۡجَوِ ز ُل
ِن كها مَِي ف
We send down water from the sky, (in order that) We cause goodly pairs to grow out of
it (of earth)
٤٦ َِان
هتَن
ِ ج
ِهَۦ
ب َام
َ ر مق َاف
َ َ َن
ۡ خ َِ
لم و
“But for he who has feared the position of his Lord are
two “jannahs”
(al-rahman-46).
َِ
٥٠ ِيان ۡر
تجَ َِان
ۡنَي
َا ع
ِمِيه
ف
Concerning the two Gardens which Allah has prepared for those who fear their Rabb,
Allah (swt) said, "In them [both] will be two springs flowing [free]."
[Ar-Rahman 55:50]
٦٦ َِان
َتهاخ
نضَ َِان
ۡنَي
َا ع
ِمِيه
ف
And concerning the two Gardens beneath them, He said, "In them [both] will be two
springs gushing forth water."
[Ar-Rahman 55:66]
ۡ
ِن َُ
ها م ِن
ائَٓ
بطَِ ُر
ُُۢش َّٰ ف
لى ََ
ع َ
ِينهكمتُِ
َ ِۡن
٥٤ ٖدان َي
هتَن
ٱلجۡ َى َن َج
و َق
ٖ َب
ۡر ِسۡت
إ
The fruits of the trees will be low-hanging, in easy reach of the people of
Paradise: "Reclining upon the couches lined with silk brocade, and the fruits of the two
Gardens will be near at hand"
[Ar-Rahman 55:54]
Al-Haakim reported with a saheeh isnaad from 'Aa'ishah that the Messenger (S.A.W) said,
"Do not slander Waraqah ibn Nawfal for I have seen that he will have one or two
gardens in Paradise"
[Saheeh al-Jaami as-Sagheer, 6/1534, no. 7197]
Mind Soul
Zero One
Time Space
Mass Energy
Matter Anti-Matter
Positive Charge Negative Charge
Electricity Magnetism
Action Reaction
Incident Reflection
Cause Effect
Order Disorder
Darkness Light
Day Night
Life Death
Neutron Proton
Electron Positron
Quarks Leptons
Right- Handed Spin Left- Handed Spin
RNA DNA
Right – Handed Amino Acid Left-Handed
Amino Acid
X – Chromosomes
Y-Chromosomes
Alpha-Homologous
Beta- Homologous
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Length
Breadth
Mass
Weight
Motion
Rest
َ
لقََ
ِي خ ٱلذه ١ لى ٱۡلَع
َۡ ۡ َِكَب
َ ر
ِحِ ٱسۡم سَب
٣ َّٰ
دى ََ
َه َ ف
درَه
ِي ق َ ه
ٱلذ هى
و٢ َّٰ َسَو
ف
“Praise the name of the Lord, The Most High, Who creates, then disposes, Who
measures, then guides”
Abu – Zar who was a close companion of the Prophet once asked the Prophet of Allah,
“O, Messenger of Allah, have you seen your Lord? The Prophet of Allah replied, ‘How
can I see Him, Who is The Nur?’ ” (Muslim)
(Arabic Scholars translate Nur ( )نورas a form of Energy, illustrated with the example of
light)
CONCLUSION:
The first idea that comes to our minds when symmetry is mentioned is the things which
have equal or balanced sides or parts (symmetrical parts).
Personally, I think it's so hard to see all that perfectness and beauty almost everywhere we
look and just don't ask who is able to create all this, who guides these tiny creatures to be
engineers, who endow them by varieties, knowledge, and certainly wisdom.
We may conclude that Allah has created everything in pairs. All creatures including natural
laws, natural forces, animals, plants, human beings, human ideas and practices exist in
pairs. The pair of human being is its soul. This fact has been discovered by scientists in
respect of some creatures; but it is yet to be discovered in respect of remaining creatures
REFERENCES
Mehmood, S. B. (1994). Selected Papers on Science and Islam. Vol.1. Islamabad: Pakistan Council for Science and
Technology.
http://www.islamic-life.com/forums/quran-hadith-prophet-muhammad/quran-51-49-
creation-pairs-asexual-reproduction-5566
http://www.answering-christianity.com/of_everything_pairs_are_created.htm