Nuevo Libro de Chino Practico 2 PDF

a & CONTENTS $#+HiR Lesson 15 PAF EHR To cevececvceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees qd) Lu HE Sa Text 4eja] New Words . ER Notes The preposition “j\” 1) The adverb “i” (1) . KIUPA Drills and Practice ¥T4E% Saying hello WEIGEL — Confirming that something has happened PEGrShtERAT A «= Commenting on one’s actions TEHRATMAR Changing money at the bank HALA —-Describing a place one has visited . BUBEAIGR Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #4464 Lift . TR Grammar 1. f#284NH(1) — The complement of state (1) 2. Bi“ TQ: HATE ART Particle “” @): Confirming the completion or realization of something 3. ahii]fyH# — Reduplication of the verb 4, 100 3) 10,000 #4#f%%ce —-Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 W. WE — Chinese Characters WF (1) —- Methods of constructing Chinese characters (1) S+A08 Lesson 16 FHI ILA To cecceeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (25) . Hox Text ia New Words . TER Notes alia “BE” (2) The adverb “BE” 2) fi “HG” — The pronoun “=” “ESR” ZRF aRat] = “LE,” to refer to the order of things or to a time sequence . 4$2595i2FA Drills and Practice 33 Filling out forms4855 Borrowing books 5E45 Returning books VG Making new friends 49%} 253— Leaving and coming back in a moment . BABEAIIZ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing j- #4) 2648 . HR Grammar 1. fH.282313MH The simple directional complement 2. “#8” 24 (1) The “42”. sentence (1) 3. BERERMH (1) The time-measure complement (1) A. WF — Chinese Characters WFMIFIK (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) S+CHR Lesson 17 jC HEHUEL AD CE BREE oe eee eee (49) HE . RIBEAISEGR Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing HEX Text “bial New Words ERE Notes hia “ABN” SH N Verbs “9K, 4, i],ete.” with time-measure complement “RT” BT” RRB “HT” or “BT” to express an extent or degree aia “T" OS “7” Oe The combined usage of particle “J” @ with particle “7” ® =. HEA Drills and Practice HA = —_-Deseribing things Ek8€ Comparing things SEARAR Buying clothes BIL AB ) Bk Grammar 1. “Ay” $4878 (1) The “fy” phrase (1) 2. FASriid “EG” AoE (1) Comparison using the preposition “Ek” (1) 3. HCH#NH The complement of quantity W%. WE — Chinese Characters DUFAVHFRE (3) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (3) SE+/\R Lesson 18 = - RUF ABASE Teer (71) —. Hx Text ia New Words =. TERE Notes tia) “Ze” The measure word “#6” -2-Ss $+Ai#% Lesson 19 he eRe - AE Spill “Ze” ‘The preposition “Zk” (Rial “HIT” ~The pronoun “neji” fRivd “KR” —The pronoun “KF” “HY” FREE (2); WVP + fy The “fy” phrase (2): W/VP + fy - #5124 Drills and Practice FEllig = At the post office HRA —_Desoribing things ANBewAE — Uncertainty 42 Reminding ASE Taking the bus fPEAIHL Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #9] 4) @-@4e LF iit = Grammar 1. 48524 The resultative complement 2. “qa say (2) The “ffl”. sentence (2) 3. “GB” a) (2) The “J” sentence (2) HK. WE — Chinese Characters WLEFAVHIFIE (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (4) ~ (94) . Bsc Text ei] New Words ERE Notes WIL ( A) + V+ WE — The structure “GRIE( A) + V + He” “SE” TE RANE “ie” as a resultative complement “JAE” (Ea) (2) Question with “YE7RIE” (2) 3 + VWP The structure “3 + VP” Y%5I-532)) Drills and Practice SAPGSEM |] «© Expressing a duration of time YEW — Talking about hobbies PERE Comparing things 980 ~~ Exchanging greetings 4251) Saying goodbye BRHLAIA Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing $RFLRAERF it Grammar Le SBR + CAS) BRE” Beas LOBE Using “Bi---( AX) —##” to make a comparison 2. mYEL¥NH (2) — The time-measure complement (2) 3. Baht) (2); ARITA Sentences with serial verb phrases (2): means or manner*. WHE — Chinese Characters WEAF (5) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (5) om +i Lesson 20( S>]Review ) YRALE -eeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeee (14) TR Text 4b ia] New Words =. TER Notes + fe The construction “[J3y-+-RL I++” YEH The construction “.-- fest 42" 319] “BEX” The conjunction “ue” FAL “OE” HaRRA eR KIAY/a](2) Elliptical questions with “Wg” (2) Bal “Q" (1) “FR” (1) Adverbs “XQ” (1) and “FH” (1) =. $2)5i2Ai Drills and Practice [RII = Asking for reasons #2 — Hurrying somebody up SEM New Year's greetings PY. BAPE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #2962. E. iE Crammar Review 1. DB AIF ASA BAR ARS The six basic functional components of a Chinese sentence 2. SyilHIE](1) Sentences with a verbal predicate (1) *. WE — Chinese Characters WEAMIF2 (6) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (6) a= a i® Lesson 21 TAWA REMARRRIRAY + (137) WC Text 4:if] New Words TERE Notes Ul . -4- iE“UHbi “IB” (2) The modal particle “I” (2) 4% iA “WR” The noun “Lf” Sri) “BE” The preposition “By” Hil “FR” (2) The adverh “FR” (2) ASA Drills and Practice SR VLA AVITAL HA, Emphasizing the time and location of past events WIL — Talking about direction and location [BR Asking about direction TRAP ELIE — Talking about sports matches BUBEANALE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #3494618- a iit = Grammar 1. “J&--ff9" a] The construction “(1)” 2. Fitia] Location words 3. ARELEHYAIE Sentences indicating existance QL Chinese Characters WWI (7) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (7) S—+2iF Lesson 22 (RBctHRIeA seseeeeeeonetseeeoeee (158) ww. i. oe Text 435) New Words TERE Notes Wy iniel"p “Wy” WA — The omission of “jj” in location words Heat “EL” The demonstrative pronoun “3x4” Heanttial “ity” — The demonstrative pronoun “fj” 4555532) Drills and Practice BALAN — Talking about a past experience ETE — Looking for a job #4 — Making an appointment or a date with someone Pfft Making comments PVEANSEWE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing (ARF) BRE iBY Grammar 1 WAMAMMA Past experience 2. SNA measure complement ‘The construction “Si4R---{EE/ ALJ” WF — Chinese Characters DLUFHIHFRE(8) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (8) EIR Lesson 23 FAMBLACWISIET coerce (181) PR Text ial New Words TERE Notes “Ze + A/V + Hh!” PAWL The exclamatory construction “4% + A/V + Bij!” [E\(2483% The appositive phrases Bia “BL” (3) The adverb “#E" (3) % 34532) Drills and Practice iit) Talking about plans AIL Making suggestionspg. w $= WA, Talking about the weather SEU Purchasing plane tickets AMM — Going to a restaurant BUPLANALE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing AR AMIMBUT A T i#%& Grammar 1. SERIAL An action that is going to take place in a short time 2. AKA1¢NE — The complex directional complement 3. Jeet waH/a] Notional passive sentences WE Chinese Characters LFEPA (9) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (9) THR Lesson 24 (RR WA FERGAL vsecceeeeeeees (204) ES Text ji] New Words TERE Notes Sew Bil--- The construction “hie” Shia] “1a” The preposition “fi” Alia] “ie” (3) The adverh “jR” (3) 4TH Drills and Practice TRIEZEMETTMAHPE Talking about an action in. progress WAL — Talking about changes BEML Talking about living conditions #EAMUEAT Picking someone up and seeing someone off WH. PASEANSZHB ~—- Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing 4-404 % Hi. ie Grammar 1. fHSRHYE (1) =~ Changed circumstances (1) 2. SPERYHEE ‘The progressive aspect of an action 3. AME TEL The construction “A(H++-7fii B+” KX. WE — Chinese Characters DLP HF (10) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (10) BoB Lesson 25 ABATE ERE (223) —. WC Text tif] New Words =. TER Notes “SR” ZAP “SH” as the prefix for ordinal numbers #) + PW + dg The construction “Z| + PW + 2”HE ne 3 HE K SFR Text in Traditional Characters FRASIER YA =~ Abbreviations for Grammar Terms -- Aia5| (fe ZOTIE ) — Voe WE RSl Character Index alia) “32” (2) The adverb “M” (2) 45) GiB) Drills and Practice SURI — Talking about an incident Tale, Visiting a patient #14 Making complaints PUBEAIAEZ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing 3K 7) #5 iB Grammar 1. SHVERAARASHOHELE The continuous aspect of an action or a state 2. “ee” Fa] The “Bk” sentence 3. SESLANE “BI” “fe” The resultative complements “3” , “#5” 4. SE-B The conditional construction “4gi5R--- it~ WE Chinese Characters BSHalRF Differentiating homophones +R Lesson 26( @SJReview) {RRA “PBL” T ~ (244) Sa Text Abi] New Words TERE Notes #ERR— The construction “jE iRk---” Seiad “HY” The preposition “Xf” ghia] “t" The adverb “>” iE(E/4E + V + 2 (4+ 2) — The construction “IEZE/#E + V + (+ 9B)” 455)4532] Drills and Practice FHZ4E3¢ Recalling past events VRIES — Talking about language studies (SAUER Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #7669 % AR JRE Grammar Review 1. SpiwifiBA](2) Sentences with a verbal predicate (2) 2. SWEHIZS The aspects of an action 3. JLARENE(1) Various kinds of complements (1) WF Chinese Characters RX4NEIE Differentiating characters with similar forms pulary Index (Simplified Script with Traditional Version)> 15 SYRR PLHP RABE RAS RES Nn Nn 19 19 24 —294— Se ob FS eS Be te ae le RER EB 4 HHS roa FR Poh A SS aso Ber BE Sea RHR SE KT MF RSI Character Index 26 23 17 25 23 15 23 17 15 26 24 MR SR ke SW ob HH RB hk O x o> SN ene 24 19 25 22 20 22 22 21 15 17 16 24 20 23 20 18 24 18 17 17 19 21 oe RR we So aR OE Se Se 18 20 20 19 25 15 26 20 17 24 17 20 24 23 25 20 16 20 22 25 16 15 HMw GY He SM SB OH Ob A = SH 3 & 2352 23 15 18 24 26 16 18 23 24 16 26 26 22 23 21 26 15 26 19wo S ee FR ew Re Z BESS WK ee AT 23 15 23 17 17 16 25 22 15 22 16 24 26 23 23 15 25 20 17 26 19 wREP ER SSP ARMAS RHO hae RR ree RR wy 20 18 15S 20 20 25 24 21 SRAR RSH RR RAR RSE RN WARES Fo op ag 3 17 23 17 25 26 19 16 26 17 24 25 16 17 24 17 24 25 17 20 17 26 23 22 19 21 23 25 17 RERS IARI PR RERS Boat B® ot of = Be - BSP MARK 22 19 21 21 23 18 25 1S 21 25 16 22 25 25 25 18 16 21 23 21 22 19 23 20 24 18 ub SS Re ap Be ee a BE Se Sy < Be BRR GHP e+ XESS RAM AS 25 21 19 18 24 16 15 16 19 23 17 20 23 20 21 20 17 23 16 20 23 15 21 15 23 22 19 Bee Boe h Fe Be Sk OW fe RE OR OME AP OS OW fh ak + dk Se Re ON 21 15 17 21 22 18 18 18 15 15 20 26 20 20 16 16 19 22 23 25 20 25 25 20 20 21 22 7905A new semester has begun. As your Chinese level advances, the topics you study in this book will become more interesting. As you follow Lin Na through this lesson, you will leam how to describe the places you have visited, how to comment on your travel experiences, as well as how to change money at the bank before your departure. You will even STEW Lc 15) Wha EET KO: AR MAGA. - S44 FNS aunyv - v TAR: MA RATAY RABE HS, RAR PARE aw ¢ KO: RD) RRARMTRR, FFREZLERHERB, a on aaeeK TAR: FRORGREVARRB? CERT) Changing money at the bank NNN FAN Vee HK HB: —RGRP-RELCPARF.oeVN NN vey WRRBELERA BAAR ‘ sevNnsvy Ve ve neve vey THR: HA? AAGRALBS? KAMABRAULE ORE 4 Nee vo v KARAT! JEG RAILS KF? a UM; TAR: tk OM, PLAT? RKB RAB, TAR: HEMK AT RA? Vee = VV vVev Ve ZNSN VN VA XN IR: RRMAWAT. MEK TRS WME ASIRAVLKK HC, v VVVVN ee VS VV VNR No -v TAR: XPM, RRA RAT ARM are, HR T.® VV VV NA NN VNovves HK: HL, RAMA RERAR A, ALEGRE, vVoveve wave VN says vv v LAR: GH AREF AATERAR A, RK, + ial New Words 1. FE swt de (structural particle) We7(Ray, WIRE SULA2. 3. 14. 15, H BRAT 2p 5. FEA ARR AR ag . AY aE R BML . RB vo Opv Adv Adv yinhang shdo pdidui padi dui huan yingbang rénminbi rénmin déi yong gang céng féichang cl canguan bingmayéng early KPA AGAM, BER, HEAR A AE bank "1 FR 4F few; little A> ARATARAD tad AN > to form a line; to queue up AJAHE BA EBA SEG, AEDES HED TBA to arrange; to put in order a row of people; line to exchange; to change #4%, #3. OCR pound sterling #385,—3E 5}. A RR Renminbi (RMB) # ARB people PE ART MAKAR to need; must; to have to 744%, 7 FED, 2 DIRK to use JAE, FU— Pui FASE BRA Roh AA Bh Fl just; only a short while ago AJ IAt RAT from ASSEMBLE RS very; extremely; highly 4k 347 ,4E af BASE AE OCP AR (measure word for actions) 3X, HB KK to visit (a place) BUABE, BW Be, BMA A (ceremonial clay statues of warriors -3-and horses which are buried with the dead) BW fi K N_ bing soldier; fighter 17. 4s NN mingxinpian postcard RAHN (8 4 ,— IKONS SORA ET 2 N xin letter 5/8, 2548 ALS 18. GH Vv gdi to be sb.’s turn to do sth. BRT VR BRIT be) T 19. LY¥EA HN gdngzud rényuGn working personnel; staff member #2 FLEA MB EAA, TEAR AR N_ rényuan personnel; staff 26 fe Nu qiGn thousand BH, HAF 21. 3 v_ sht to count 3—BL, BOK, BR, BART 2. ZAtF# PN Wangflijing (name of a famous commercial district in Beijing) 23. Be PN X?ran (name of the capital of Shaanxi Province) (HEPWEARE] Confirming that something has saree) vivre ervanyv fet eve KOM: AARAARA,RALAT. AM ALR, yu vv 4vN ovens BRA: HM, FIO BARL, AGRA T 47, -VNV 4a BRA: MARBART Re, RIRAMPIL T 7 - NN NV vvN fv Noe Hh O: RARE EET REA Roh? LA AIL?BRA: BRA: BRA: LET, RAR TE DIE” .® - NN Novy ‘ --N\ V4 NV - 7 DBS T . LEAH? TRF LER RE ‘ Th, RRR? Nvvsiove SL 44-2 -VV ev 2 RT, EAMRA wR ERI ARILIRITS , HWS HR vvowy sR EM, Gite eae ast Dy \ve ws Lee NN Ne Nev vv ves > RBRKR. ELRAMRIRMTIS, RETR SH Nveyv - \VN - ve Ne v x Ay LA BRB EBS ANGIE IIT EAH? - VEN VV eee 2 RESIS RARE, FABRA A: We PRL tie? \ Q 4 ¢ VN - - = NV iz ve 7 vay UBL A? RAIS LN NNSA vay > LRALBEI NRA”, ©+ ia] New Words LFAAL HEA Iu 2. BUR 3. the iA 1 2A 2. BRAD 3. eA 4. 7% 5. LHW RA 6. iL 1. MA 8. 480A -6- IE IE > Adv haojiti bu jian haojit jian fazhan kudi hua putonghud nidnging ging lic déng jiu Supplementary Words N N N M N Vv N N méiyuan Ouyudn ji@yuan yuan yazhouxué xi huild xi@njin xinyongka haven't seen (sb.) for a very long time a very long time to see to develop fast; quick; rapid RGAE HAR, DE PRR, BAR dialect; language _L Yi, PUR, rh Bigs the common speech (mandarin) Pais, Fas young 44% \ aR AEE AS light; small fluent PLASRTEAY AAEM Fe ADGE ASE vA A to understand fit L #8 , AHEEIB-, THES Bt exactly; precisely LAE, BLL (MAE et U.S. dollar Euro Canadian dollar (measure word for Chinese currency kuai) Department of Asian Studies exchange rate cash credit card9. Sr N chéngshi city 10. UA N difang place 11. JL Vv érzi son 12. ¥ N cai food; a dish D Pee PE ze FALL Be “You just came back to Beijing from Xi’an”. “JK+NP” forms a prepositional phrase that precedes the verb, indicating the starting point of an action. The object of the preposition “JK” i usually a word or a phrase denoting location or time (see Lesson 16). For example: BMAF BE OPE, OK B AYP B. In order to function as the object of “JA”, a noun or a pronoun that doesn’t denote location must be followed by “3X JL” or “JL”, thus completing the prepositional phrase which modifies the verb. For example: ROA BR ABILR HOAKGE ABIL AR? HR AE AAR ILA ARAF @ (RHA, “The food (I had) was passable.” “TLL” is used as an adjective here, meaning “good, not bad”. “i& 7] 2,” means “passable; just so-so”. For example: UPBYETA, Wa EE RGEWAFE TU, @ FMW. “Look, it’s your turn now.” “i%4+NP+(V)+J” means “it’s somebody’s turn (to do something)”. For example:BMRBRLT o ® PRB , I “Good morning, Lin Na.” “FL!” is another expression commonly employed by Chinese people as a greeting. It is usually used to say hello to someone in the morning. The common reply to it is also “fl! ” For example: — 4) F! ARAN! O KABA HE” . “I know how to say ‘I don’t understand.” In the Shanghai dialect, the expression “fiJ{ij(ii” means “I don’t understand.” In this dialect, “3%” can be pronounced “Bij fiz”({A?IA]), whereas “AR” is pronounced “4” ([va?]). © BORE LAE TAH “This means ‘I don’t understand’ in the Shanghai dialect.” “gE” (1) has the function of emphasis. It is used to either confirm a fact, or stress that “this is exactly what the fact is”. For example: RRM E BRAPAS 1Dyeill iB S le (i 4 3 Zz S a 1. AOR, FP! GARR MERITS? 2. KAABKA,RALBT 3. RAY AA EAL 4. FR-RGRS VARA? 5. MB) & ABIL A Ape 6. RRAAF 7. FBARBHAURAAl Q 8. AMAL RA TE”.1. 34 TAAL Master the following phrases C1) FREAH FIA E AA EERE BRRERBRE FARA vEAPE TA BAA REALS RERF BARRY HERAA RGR KARS BRAGA BR LAER RAF CA) RAAEA B (1) PARRY (0) 2 FD AE (2) BRT KRBT HRT PHwMeyT AMABWT BAM GTRA BRTRA AAVBETAA ILATRA TERS TRA PWETRA ALAR KRGSR AwkpwRS QIRLIRK (3) AEREEM MAB iy AR WMEAVLA MRT ABF (4) SMS BMA BIE BHPRM BRPBHS AON) EGE ER (5) Ete BRERA BRR AB a BAR BRE I OA (6) AA FH HIE 5s RAN ZMBM KEKE F-$ A-M R-Kk A-A ON-F 5-H WH-it 2. AJHAR Pattern drills (C1) RHRRGES? a + WAR RIURF ae Be UE RAGE RE? % 3 RRA Ke (2) Heil BGS HARE g QP BS ORE, RBRIBBA A AS 6 e i AF eR RAEAM SRT RA me HA ts RRIF ET,(3) PAAR AER? REM RAMEE OTE EBA KAR? HOBATK Veo (4) FRAY TB? HAMIL T 2 RABAPMILT » (5) EFM AEA T? RAIMET « MBE BAL? RBA (6) AARBA EAH? REK, MAILE? BME. MB IRIE— AK? BRAR-HE (7) HA, RA-KRBRS TARP? ARG aE if Be RK TY Ble BRAT RIAA AB IL EJB ABIL KALA Xp By BEA 4iae ARR LAP KR wae RE ARE) i524 RAR ABIL RAE bi FB KAR KOM FARRAR fh , 1&2 3008 4, -10- KA(MAlyusn) AKk—L AM 500 £H | Ba (Ouyudn) b3-L=F 200 KA 2a A (ji@yuan) ERLE 700 Ha Fe,3. DRk3F3h Classroom activity Complete and answer the following questions with your classmates (1) 14 A (méiyuGn) 8.19% (yuanNA KR ft A: lOKAKSYARH? B: lOXAMSIVLZAR AFA, A: 200AH___ PB A: 20kH___ OB: LC (2) 1m A (GuyuGn) 7.12% (yuan) A Rf A: 500K 2? B: —o A: 620K 2 B: A: T80bK A. 2 B: (3) tev (GiGyudn) 45.234 (yuan)A Rf A: 1300%2 7 2 Br A; 150042 2 Be A; 190040 %, 2 Bro, 4. S1EA Conversation exercises [4TdR0F Saying hello] (1) A: Fe Bi thBo SR ARAMRA., A: &M,FRARA, (2) Ar RAE! eF. As HER ARE ASE 2 B: PIAA. HET A: 8K QAR AE. -ll-(HES ER Confirming that something has happened ] (1) A: FRAME MILT? REFS BE BRIT ARK Br REAMAT , at Kee, A: RRA. RRA BIE, MR MBREL, (2) A: ARM, ME MILT 2 B: & OT A: that Ze EA? B: RMB ERT RAAB, Li¥ Othe BR4T 9 ~Commenting on one’s actions] C1) A: teeth? RA To B: MBAR! : HILAL TA, ERMC EAH? MR SL F AR (yazhOuxue x1) 44 FB yh? > RKP RE, + RREBRATRAA aR, 5 : HARA IE? (2) : EMBRAER? > ERKSHRFS? SHRBE. REBR KR. SHB (3) A: RAMREEREAH? Brrr rer Pe Pe De ee 1 8 1A: B: A: B: RENE SAA Kb? BREA ER? “ER 4T4R4% Changing money at the bank] (1) A: B; : PR AGI (hull) $ 7? (2) Pe Pee PP DHL, RBA KARAR A BRRS Y KA? DANOOK AI ° HP ° Bo RR a, 1847, HALARBO0A LZ (xidinjin) , 3 E44 4948 JAF (XinyOngka) . BAR PERREA? (HEE IF Describing a place one has visited] A: Sr vr pe rey OF BLUE AY He To Fe 6 ATR : KERB T 4? AIL RBG RB? RBURS. 2 EM RGR? 2 ABILR REA? ABIL 8 A HG 38 16 2 ABIL A BE DLR o MEEEAA -13-5. HAWG Describe the following pictures (RARE) 6. 3€BR4EJ Communication practice (1) You went to the bank to exchange money, but after talking to the teller, you noticed that the exchange rate was not very good. Therefore, you decided to change the money later. (2) After visiting different places, you and your friend are asking about each other’s travel experiences. (3) You are discussing language studies with your Chinese friend. You hope that he/she will make some comments on the various aspects of your spoken Chinese, grammar, and character-writing. a il TRE EM TRBAR AMG RIGS FEL AE MAREK AAT 9 HOM ASE IK, hah AEA ER, RP EMAL T . RHMAILY PEERY SPR, AREAL AE EE, EE ARE A ODER -14-Life — 7S KB (Chéngshl) , & FHI AR ARE EH ARS , 5th KBAR BAF, EAM RIRA SZ RERAEMT IRS AA A (difang) WE TAY RAR, EK TRS AEH. MILF (EZ) ALL, AEP EUGRAT A LAEA BIA IF GME K PEAR, ARATE ER (COI) BAT ARSE ALAR RTE 0 RAGE EL UAB AE BE PETRA ARSE EAP IE TVA, 4S EMG TRAIL PLA RE. Le kL EME, WT LAGE LAT AR AS 1B PH NLELAADHS MIS, FRAL MIS PREPARA, AEH RAABMEBIE, ” WA 1. 4825468 (1) The complement of state (1) In Chinese, a verb or an adjective is frequently followed by an element provid- ing further detail or explanation. This is called the complement. Among the various forms of complements, the one that describes or comments on the achieved state of an action is called the complement of state. It is usually formed by an adjective or an adjectival phrase. The structural particle “4” must be placed between the verb and the complement of state. To create the negative form, “78” should be put before the complement of state. V+ ( + Adv + A & it a F oes i aA B The V/A-not-V/A question form is constructed by juxtaposing the affirmative form of the complement with its negative form. V+ + A + FRA FIL FH F RIF? BR a RR? In this kind of sentence, if there is an object following the verb, the verb needs to be reduplicated and then placed after the object, but before “#$”. The first verb is often omitted. _ 6(V) + 0 + V + # + Adv + A Predicate Subject T 7 | (v)| o vs 48" Adv A | Particle te & # | RR Fe | 3 | 4 #B H a2 Li Be | RABE? fed) | GL) afaiae [at e SAH? Ea (4) | BR | # Hee Notes; (1) A complement formed by an adjective is usually preceded by “ji”. This is similar to the case in which the adjective is used as a predicate. For example; “RR” , “BUAARUE” - (2) The focus of a sentence containing a complement of state is centered on the complement. Therefore, both its question form and related answer form are usually made from variations on the complement. Its negative form is made by negating the complement rather than by placing “JX” before the verb. Hence, it is incorrect to say O" “HALE.” (3) In this kind of sentence, the elliptical form can be used to answer a ques tion. For example; Question Answer REREAD? RRB, PTR GA, Rial, 2 BH “T” OQ: HEATER Particle “T” @, Confirming the completion or realization of something In Lesson 13, we learned that the particle “7” @ can follow a verb to denote the completion or realization of an action. In this lesson, we see that “J” Q always appears at the end of a sentence. It emphatically confirms the completion or realization of some event or situation. Compare the sentences in groups A and B; [1] Incorrect sentences are marked by ® in this book. -~16-A MEMEIL? Where are you going? KREMM I am going to the shopping mall. MEA? What are you going to buy? RF Rio I am going to buy some clothes. B MAMIL T 2 Where have you been? Or Where did you go? RAMATQ Tve been to the shopping mall. Or I went to the shopping mall. TEA T? What have you bought? Or What did you buy? RE RIRT 6 T've bought some clothes. Or I bought some clothes. In group A, “FH” and “IAH" are not completed actions in the past. In group B, however, these two actions are definitely completed or realized. To negate a sentence with the particle “{/” @), place the adverb “J (4 )” rather than “78” before the verb, and omit “{” from the end of the sentence. To form a V/A-not-V/A question, juxtapose the affirmative form of the verb with its negative ( “---?---” ), or add “+. }4j” to the end of an affirmative sentence. V+ O+ — Predicate Subject — 1 — Adv v | oO Pt R | BR ca To te BA z Lif. RE a R Ta? a * BR TRA? ae SMM KAMA? Notes ; (1) When present, the particle “7” @ always indicates that actions or events have taken place in the past. However, it is not true that “J” @ is always required to express past events. To narrate a past event (especially several events taking place consecutively ) or to describe a scene at a specific moment, without -17-confirming the realization of the action, we can leave out “J”. For example; EMARLFLA LY, FHLRM—ARS, (2) If “7” simultaneously follows the verb and stands at the end of the sentence, it then performs both functions mentioned above. For example; RET o “J” expresses the completion and realization RET. of the action and confirms the completion or MARKT realization of some event or situation. 3. Bhi AHH Reduplication of the verb In Chinese, verbs can be reduplicated. The form for reduplicated monosyllabic verbs is “AA” or “A—A”. However, the form for reduplicated bisyllabic verbs is “ABAB” , and “—” cannot be added between the two syllables of bisyllabic verbs. For example; 7, iii, F—E, FU—JN, MR, AINA, BOM, etc. Reduplicating a verb has the function of implying a short duration for that action or the idea of giving something a try. In this sense, it is similar to adding “—” to the verb. 4. 100~10000f# Hc Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 101 —FO-— 102 —FOS ee 109 —FOA 110 —g—+ Wl -q-+— 12 —q@aya wee 19 —g—-+A 120 —Fao+ 191 —@r+— 192 —FAPA vee 199 —GrAtA 200 =F 201 =HO- 202. =FOR 209 =FOA 210 =q—+ 91 ABAT— 992 AAAI vee 999 ABATA 1000 —+ 1001 —+-O— 1010 —-O—+ 1052 —F+#O#+= 1100 —-+-g 1109 —F—FOA 3543 2+ AAI+=S 8910 AFABAF 99 AFA -18-1. 1FH793K(1) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (1) When constructing Chinese characters, certain rules are followed in the combination of sound, structure and meaning. Though the forms of modern characters are frequently very different from these ancient ones, Chinese characters still maintain the characteristics of a logographic writing system. Therefore, understanding the process by which Chinese characters are formed will facilitate learning them. Pictographic method (4J%%): This method of construction depicts either the whole image or the partial characteristic of an obje It is the original method of forming characters. a. Depicting the whole image of the object. For example: AKA RFS FR AK ALRKA.TOIG AL, FLL, SRF ALSIP RBS. b. Depicting a characteristic of the object. For example; ELAR. c. Depicting both the object and other ass R,A,C RM. siated things. For example; In antiquity, these single-component characters, which we have already learned, were originally pictographic. Nowadays, they are no longer very pictographic but are similar to codes. However, when they are used as the basic components for multi- component characters, the fact that they maintain either their original sounds or meanings certainly helps our understanding of the latter. 2. ALBAAMF Learn and write basic Chinese characters a BK "PPR min the people 5 strokes 2) RCH) rap bi currency 4 strokes -19-3) + gian thousand 3 strokes aA AR jit long 3 strokes (6) K(R)° 7 © AGH huan abundant 7 strokes (6) SE oT Fre qid mound, hillock 5 strokes oO A " "PF AAAA yong road; path 7 strokes ) Mie) (-+ 2) Ya Asia 6 strokes ¢ oo 0) #(#) 7 F424 ché vehicle 4 strokes i) fF “Svar eareEe zhong heavy 9 strokes ape ~F RE -20-you especially 4 strokes 3. USWX HAW Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) zdo ¢ Fa Fey 6 strokes ° ( \ Zz (2) 4R4F yinhang (4R47) aR -_ & + Rk 11 strokes (3) BEER paidul (#E mR) HE > 4 + # 11 strokes FRaFPF +A 4 strokes (4) # huan (4) Hot + & 10 strokes # (eingziteu) 78 Fr (5) 34 yingbang (4%) 6 strokes Bese 4 eH a 15 strokes (6) ZA cong (#) Mah +k 4 strokes (7) k ci Rm? 4k 6 strokes -21-(8) AML Canguan (AFR) Ms + 6 strokes (9) & 4 bingmdydng (4 H1A) & 7 i toa 7 strokes jR> 4+ A 9 strokes (10) "4s 4 =mingxinpian fe > 4 4 9 strokes (11) LMA KR gOngzud rényuan (TAH) Rowen 7 strokes (12) £75 Wangfijing Fe > P+ At 8 strokes (13) &# xXran os 7a HE to 6 strokes (14) RA fazhan GER) JR > P +r 4 nm 10 strokes (15) 4$387 plitOnghud (#383) &o + Ft gy 12 strokes moO A+ 10 strokes -22-(16) 44 nidnging (43) Hee + B 9 strokes (On the left side of a character, the fourth stroke of “4” is written as “ Au (lidzipang) FRR BR ae 7 strokes (17) A) lich NG 10 strokes 7 strokes (18) t& ddng k — t + 15 strokes (19) # jiu BoP + kh 12 strokes Xi’an and the Ancient Chinese Capitals Xian is a renowned ancient Chinese capital. Back in the 11th century BC, King Wu of the Western Zhou Dynasty established his capital, named Haojing, where Xi'an is currently located. After that, the Qin Dynasty ( 221 BC—206 BC), the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC—25 AD), the Sui Dynasty(581 AD—618 AD), and the Tang Dynasty (618 AD—907 AD), all had their capital cities at Xi’an. Xi'an was the capital city of Chinese civilization for over one thousand years of its five-thousand-year history. In antiquity, Xi'an was called Chang'an. In the year -23-1369, its name was changed to Xi’an, and has remained the same to the present day. Now the modern city of Xi’an is the capital of Shaanxi Province. Nanjing is another ancient Chinese capital. The Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms’ Period (229 AD—277 AD) and the Eastern Jin() Dynasty (317 AD—420 AD) all established their capitals in this city. After the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took office as the acting president in Nanjing. From 1927 to 1949, Nanjing performed the role of capital city of the Nationality government of China. Now it is the capital of Jiangsu Province. Beijing was the capital city of the Jin(4), Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties for a period of more than eight hundred years. After 1949, it became the capital city of the People’s Republic of China. In addition, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou are among what are called the six major ancient Chinese capitals. -24-Filling out forms, getting a library card, going to the library to borrow and return books, paying fines for overdue books: these are some of the things that you are very likely to do in your school life. This lesson will teach you how to express these activities in Chinese. You will also learn two sentence patterns particular to the Chinese language. STAR Lesson 16 R B: RAMRGH HE, Alike, PAR BLK, WX BH ZR, MANERA, ACM BED T - R My - -N VV Ne THR: PRET HB?O vv wus ve RB TA -AILP AR-7N vA vA ve Z2RET o RAM, RAPHPRE TA: RA AMIE BIE. . ofS IRENE LAR: BPR RT OS? He, TAR TH kh: BRT. be Ru, 4¢ Ve Nev PR. RASTER IHAR: HARRA. RB TR AALS RAR. BIKE ASR TA tk: RAPER, thee, RB, Rit MAP AE RACK? TA ik: He RASH. “HS? Be STAIR’. Ts yn aa “PE RI] "BRR? 3 (44%) Filling out forms, an R #&: AeA? Th tk: B92? LR", “TRE? _-—Eve VVN ev eNN e eu. RR B, BPE”, o URACIL TKR Fo BAH BLT, SLAB Le Nv ves KE RAARE AGE T « + ial New Words 1. 7, Prep ba (denoting the disposal of sth.) #483 T AREER T JER 2% Vv wang to forget STP UEK HILT 3. ABE ON tushiguén — library 3: P64 HERB, SUE HH, PL aTE As N tusha books Ae N guan shop; a place for cultural activities ‘SCO ORT ; SEAR 4. SEN — bangéngshl office ZMH, LBHRO IRA dn RETINA, ARE Tp vO bangéng to handle official business; to work (usu. in an office) JS ETE Ee N shi room fh A3 5. Ek WN shang to go up; to get on / last; previous | 3, EER EUG, Lb OA 6 Adv xiGn first; before SEA. te Jean ASS, JER Fate 7. RIE ON ji@shOzhéng — library card #584 AME BIE EAE EDS T MEE e v jie to borrow; to lend (2%, (443 (HEEB -27-10. 20. 21. a ey RAT . ie . A . TES . PE FI] FRak =28- WN VN zhéng ythuir xia dai tian bido na man buxing shénghud aij xingming xingbié zhiyé jido (ST HIS certificate; card 4b UE, iH AETE, C/EIE a little while —2JLBt2,—AILER, A ILEA HEB to go down; to get offnext FR, FH, PRE, SLE PK, FEM, FAA to bring HAF aR AH ALD, eR ART to fill in; to write EAS SUPA HY, BUNA A form; table; list S38, PFE, Ak—TK to take; to hold; to get 44%, @3t#, SHOR, SIE slow; slowly 5784818 AB, BIL 18, BURA not be allowed; won't do to live/life Zep RRMETE , FEILER A ALTE AERA RIE 5s BURA oneself (KA, RAC, FES ,8a #, ACS, com mame 7#/E AYRE , BEE sex; gender HEHE] occupation; profession fF AML Aub, Pb to hand in; to hand over; to pay (the rent, etc. ) ZE9E, 3668, ZEATAR: TAK: vVoN ANS -4e- : BUIMEBEDT S Katia? SL o4vee -\ DT TER, INR eM Ne Ne rev Ne ev : PRIMEHARS. AK, KHMMMLAMFIRT , 4 * Vv¥VV¥ 4S VN ANY FRY Ve RTE R, TRIES EA AS EK LARS Rh, RAMEY RBRAAA VvvoNw Ne ae VV e-VNNN > LERNREGH, dL. BARC LAG HH -29--VVN wee TOA ik: RLM TAS Rapes vvNes in y & R 4: TARA} SFR, Resuming books - vee KE, REF, v ooeNe evecy DUAR: Ho WHAT MART. NVM NN evn oe R fe: WRAL RP AA, Ree HILST, new a a Sven = LAR: —AGRM-RBHL,OMAT WAH it BT+R, Bi - ee Ne BENRR VeeN VN AVA RB, BBA, HA, RRA AML? Sova revues U8] LMHAR: MILA BH, TUES, = ee SA TOA RR: APBAF RS HIRAM? vovvoversnveyv IHAR: A. R-AK ARBRA), AE ig] New Words 1. & A chang long HYIAVBL ABSA Oy TA et 2 Bix VN kdoshi to give or take an examination/examination; -~30-3. RAR 4. ie 10. $9 aR H 11. Aa xe 12. & Vv VO/N < 2222 bucud. fanyi xin kébén cha hudn guoqi gud qi fakuan fa kuan dianndo dian nado cha test CBA AR EA to give or take an examination; to test Ag Aa, BIR A not bad FAS ANGH SAE AN HE ETE ASA He RA to translate; to interpret MPESIB3, BE DESC ACRES 75 BE new B45, PATE, Mla, A textbook Bi IIB ASI TRAR MIE HDA to go or come out HK, HAS, MILI to give back; to return i615 RURAL, HER to be overdue IAT RAMI FARR A to pass a period of time to impose a fine or forfeit/fine xLSNTHRK; BEAK to punish; to penalize TR, TST TR a sum of money computer — Fa) 13 FF (9 HEL AT SH, « FATA, electricity brain to check; to look up #EURAC, #E4E 18), AETB Ae AEH A FA BA -31-13. CEA Xin Shiyong Hanyti Kabén RBA) PN New Practical Chinese Reader A A shlyong practical ED FEAETA] Supplementary Words Lee ON yuelanshi reading room 2A N zazhi magazine 3. AA N wenda questions and answers 4, FRIT v yuding to reserve; to book 5. Fil] N fangjian room 6. BS N gudji nationality 7. AR N yaoshi key 8 AR N mulu catalogue; list 9. BR ov xayie to renew 10. $6 N nianling age wR PN Gudngddng — Guangdong Province 12. RAE N chdlou tearooms; tea house 13. BA N laorén the elderly; the aged; old man or woman 14. PHS v kaisht to start; to begin 15. BF N hdizi child 16. ia] A rénao lively; bustling with noise and excitement -32-D FRR LAY? “Can I start borrowing books today? ” The adverb “BE"(2) is often used to suggest the earliness or quickness of an action. It i8 also used to indicate that an action or event takes place immediately after the previous one. For example: AIGA LRAT 9 PANTRARL AH @ SEM TEH BEI ARK ACH, “Now that you are living in China, you should fill in the form by yourself.” ‘The pronoun “fy” is frequently used to refer back to the pronoun or noun preceding it for emphasis. eg. “{HAC”, “RNA”, “HRAG”, “SAG”, 2aR”. @ Aas. “You yourself know (what to write).” @ WRN LBM AIRT “I heard that you had an exam last week.” “[:" and “>” are both used with reference to the order of things or to time sequence, with “|” meaning “last” or “previous”, and “F” meaning “next” or “the following”. last/previous this next/the following EA (last time) IK (this time) FX next time) E2ZIH (last Friday) (3£4+) 29H (this Friday) + 242 (next Friday) EA (last month) & 4A (this month) +A (next month) @ BILAL Key ial? “How long is the loan period here for a book? ” ~33-© AW RABE. “The fine for an overdue book is two mao per day.” 1. 2. RNLBS, KAA BIEDT 0 3. BPR RTS? 4. LEAP BEG AKA TRK. 5. —QILAME A ARLE BIE T 5 6. ILM HT AHS Kap? TBAT EAA a arn 1. ABE PAU Master the following phrases (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) RERK SRA BMARLALY FERARHEEH —AILHA -ALHAR —DVLALIRBB -AVLABR-R ALCS Ace At$ Act ALK At AGAR RAIA CH WACLEAH MATAR MIA Ce K BKAQCMSZT KACHBBS ANACHIB ER LK FR FK BR HA BR BH ERE TRA FRE FNGHR BHSK BER NGKK BNLEK PRHR FPRBA P-APR RAPAT FeRART Fe T tem feb T FOF T AKART fH BH RET TOMAR T FHF ILE T tA FAIL AEM EAH BAR ope RT BDH STR ATA AMT SR FAT —# -34-2. AJR Pattern drills (1) RAIL? 2 3 (4 (5 ) MER BRT RA? RA. t—-PILHAR, RE? RE WLRE To BBA TS? RELA PIERRE RBM ART? 8:45 TAS DEER NAR FR 11:30 ae ER FR BR HIRE (AI IARIERADKT 6 ARRAN? AL MIRARAT 0 RAVE ERD BF? MRA, ERAT. MEAL FILS? BADR AD AT. 4p Se Het Bh Ho 9 oho aE eH 4S B48 #9 4S (ZAzhI) FRR HRAAR(F) S) EZ (yuslanshh) + ie wate hi dis AR Bi gy hh |RX BZA (a te pea 5 =35-(6) LEMAR AR-RART BART? RA RACK. oe re > Dw -36-Bz st. RRAR(ydoshi). HA Hq RO68F . 4445 Borrowing books ] 1) A: #A,AR B; kh TAs—# A R(mulu), A: AMRILE? B; ARLAT BAKA Ae : (2) A: AZ, RAPALA, B: HH. GHRHERT B? Ar, RIL BT AHS Kat Hay? Br a 3&5 Returning books] Ar RA, REE AGH HF. B: 309, BEAM T LAH, WILAA, A: R57 RAK, MMAHOLFRT SPUR E—FD? B; Tek, BEAR HBR. ° A: HR, RT AAR (xUjie)3& AHH? B: AT ARB AQ VGRUBTIIAE Making new friends] (1) Ar 35, BR ah og? B. 3! ee teak IL? 1 MEA, KER SH. : RR, PRR RAAB SH, RHE MSR, : EAL, DRERER, AMALREK, 1 HFA DP De -37-(2) Br TARA? A: HT, REAL ERC. HH, THR, B: itt. : RET RKBLT, : AA FRAIL, : hit, BREERT. : RA. > P > : Leaving and coming back in a moment] (1) A: RA, Be wis, B: at, aR. (to C, Date, ALR, (2) A: KAZED? B: A, RHA, AFLG? A: BBHKRE-F B; 4, &R-AILHRA, (to C, D) A411 369% ook, &R— AIL. f 5. MHVLIG Describe the following pictures fa CRE R) CAML?) CR AR) =38-6. 3€hR4J Communication practice (1) You go to the university library to borrow books about the Chinese language. First, you ask the library staff where the grammar books are located, and how to find them. ‘Then you ask whether there are any new or good textbooks for spoken Chinese. The library staff answer all of your questions. (2) Last time, you borrowed five Chinese books dealing with grammar, spoken Chinese, translation, and Chinese characters. You have kept these books for over a month. Today when you go to the library to return them, you find out that they are overdue and you have to pay fines. (3) You want to get a library card. You must fill out the following form; HS eal 4-8(nignling) To me - “Wa(qu) fo & - 1 La aU ee teat TyTN rs J -#R (Guangdong) Hyak (Cchdlou) AY PR AA (1GOrEN) 88 Ae — KABA AR TE HS (KGISHT) . HAN ABAZ AB AR PF BRERE RBG RI, A BAP ILE] TBE. MBILEARS fA RUA MAMIE SR AGILE RIL EAA RARAPIBR BEKB CA AAR, BBR Ee ML Ae BUR WE T KSI AT ABR T 3 OP KRG RYOEE HY IPI 5 BABS (HOIzi MN, ART RA ROR BE RE. BFMRBL, CRBS WMNEKE-RBL, Fe TA (TNO) "NT | ARS 4A ALAR AE RIL APA, RANT BR oitl 4K a FIL PHAM. RAR BONA B RB RRR AR BMRA RA -39-APE HT ARGC T AeA TP RARA LUT BAMA RAAT A. iA 1. fRALIAANE The simple directional complement “oe” and “3” are often placed after certain verbs to act as their strat complements, showing the direction of their actions. Such complements are called simple directional complements. If the action moves towards the speaker, or proceeds towards the object(s) under discussion, we use “3” ; and if the action moves away from the speaker or proceeds away from the object(s) under discussion, we use “32”. For example, ALiRER, (The speaker is standing ins BC: RAHA, e -40-GH: EATS (The speakers are standing downside. ) If a verb with a simple directional complement has an object, it should be placed between the verb and its complement. To negate the completion of an action, the negative adverb “3t(4f)” is used. To form the V/A-not-V/A question with this vonstruction, use the affirmative and negative forms of the predicative verb. V+ 0+ RIE ] Predicate Subject | Adverbial | V | 0 we Pt ai a 2b | | & | % sen | | | | og | Te wun | | aa (we TR? | & | #@) | a ® # | He RR | @ae | ey | | mee | ot a | Note; The verb in this type of sentence cannot be modified by the particle “” @; but the particle “J” @) can be used at the end of the sentence to show that something has already happened, Thus, we cannot say @ “(pial 7 HANG? ” 2. “#8” 4 (1) The “#2” sentence (1) The “@%” sentence is a kind of sentence with a verbal predicate. It is frequently used in Chinese to show how the action in the sentence disposes of an object and how this disposal affects the object, ie. whether the object has been transposed, or its state has been changed. For example; General statement vs. Emphasis on disposal Ar ABH AT? A: MOP? GARARILT? B; RABHT. B; #&4€#3E 7, (so you can't find it now) -41-A: #Oi tA RLF? Ar AMAA RR AH EARS? B: RST HAA), B: AMAR, MewHeAET. (so I've made such a mistake) In the “f®” sentence, the preposition “#2” and its object — the thing(s) to be disposed of — must function together as an adverbial and be placed after the subject and before the verb. S + 42 + 0 + V + other elements Predicate Subject Adverbial | Prep oO | Other OpV v | “98” | (disposed of) elements & | re | eL & To ts | te | MK AGM) TH a |& | & ze | ERA) Ow Te He te | ee | * TRA? We can see the following points from the sentences in the above table: (1) The main verb in the “4” sentence must be a transitive one, and often it has the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”. Verbs such as “4, 76,42, %,%&, 1, HER, RE and MMi”, which do not have the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”, cannot be used in the “{@” sentence. (2) The object in the “#8” sentence is usually definite in the speaker's mind. Therefore, we cannot say; ®“#3e42— TARE T 0 ” We can only say: “$e Jed AB AS BT", or “RIE LUCIE To" (3) The verb in the “4%” sentence must take some other element(s) after it, The “J” sentences discussed in this lesson all have the particle “J” at the end (and we will introduce the other “$f” sentences with different element(s) later). We cannot say:® “$R#3XSJLER”; we must say: “FLIER ILE T” instead. (4) An optative verb or adverb (functioning as an adverbial) must be put before “#8”. For example: “RAGE LUAA HII.” 3. BY2L4hi% (1) The time-measure complement (1) The time-measure complement is used after a verb to indicate the duration of -42-an action or state. When the verb has an object, it is duplicated after the object and then followed by a time-measure complement. The first verb is usually omitted 1 this construction, and its interrogative form often uses the phrase “4-Kif{il”. (V) + 0 + V+ time-measure complement | Predicate Subject |—— = (Vv) oO v Pt | Time-measure ‘Complement a | ¥ | —f. | | TAR | $4 +, ain) Oh) RIE | skating & | OR) hee Bah Note: Only time phrases indicating a period of time can be used as time-measure complements, such as “—4}$h, Hi/bAt, =e, 0H, AE and —-42 JL". Time phrases indicating a point of time on the time scale, such as “=h,—H—#, 2002 4F”, cannot be used as time-measure complements, since they do not express cE. ” To create the negative form, a negative adverb is usually placed before the a duration of time. For example, we cannot say: @ “#7 — ptedicative verb of the sentence with the time-measure complement, For example: TARRAEDEE WEIT ENA MIE T AAS A BE? RIERA AD BE 1. (LFA (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) Ideographic method (4%4%): ‘This is a method in which new characters are created by adding signs to conventional symbols and pictographs. There is only a small number of characters that fall under this category, and they are basically of -43-two types: a. Those created on the basis of the conventional symbols established in primi- tive times. For example: —,=,2,09, 2,7, 6. b. Those created by adding indicative signs to pictographs. For example: JI. ALPE? F. 2. ASH#AWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters a R&R 7 FAFEGR biGo form 8 strokes @) HF ) J Nr sa thirty 4 strokes OF epee guan official 8 strokes (4) JE ~ T FFGE zhéng right 5 strokes 6) X& =F EK shi style 6 strokes 3. ASHC HWW Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) 4 ba wa> 44+ eh x strokes,2) % wang mo F tie 7 strokes 3) #48 tushigudn (#4) BoOt+Aa 8 strokes WE >t + £ 11 strokes (4) eB bangongshi (Haz ) > rc z-> +B 9 strokes 5) iE jieshazhéng (4 #2) fRe—>4 4 #4 8 10 strokes wi + 7 strokes 6) 44 tidn Host + 13 strokes 7) dai CH) pO 4+ > 4 OP 9 strokes 8) SM man BRot+ra+w+e xd 14 strokes 9) 4% shénghud ei + 9 strokes -45-(10) 23!) xingbié wet 4+ & 8 strokes Mom t Ae | 7 strokes (11) Bak zhiye (HR) RH +e 11 strokes (12) & jido Ran 4 BR 6 strokes (13) 4X kGoshi (43%) Ba K 5 6 strokes wi + x 8 strokes (14) RH bucud (4H) BoA 4 Hk 13 strokes # (anzitou (15) @13€ fanyi (#92) > F + t+ J + Fis strokes 7 strokes ei ++ # 7 strokes (16) 4 xin Ro Rt + HK 13 strokes -46-17) a fakuGn (3) HH 7rwtiyst | 9 strokes Krea+t Rte R 12 strokes 18) fe didnndo (‘€ As) ii > A+ 7 + Ww 10 strokes 19) #& cha &eoR+ HA +— 9 strokes 20) XA shiyong (A) Kart Hk 8 strokes aia (orn tin The Educational System of China The educational system of China consists of bas c education, vocational and technical education, higl er education, and adult education. Basic education refers to pre-school, primary, and general secondary education. Chinese children usually start their schooling at the age of six or seven. ‘They spend six years in an elementary school. After that, they enter junior middle school to study for three more years. These nine years of schooling are generally -47-referred to as “nine-year compulsory education”, and are made universal in mos: parts of China. enior middle After graduating from junior middle school, many students enter s school, whereas some choose to go to specialized secondary school or vocationa’ secondary school (generally called “vocational senior middle school"). ‘The period of study for both types of school is three yea s. After graduating, students may seek employment, or they may choose to continue their studies at the higher education level. The length of schooling for a university education is usually four years, but some programs (medicine, for instance) require five years of study, At the time of graduation, if a student meets all the academic requirements, and is given the authorization of the state, a bachelor’s degree is then conferred upon him or her by the university. After graduating from university, one may opt for further studies toward master’s and doctoral degrees. Each degree usually takes three years to obtain. Like most universities in the world, Chinese universities offer three academic degrees, ice., the bachelor’s, the master’s, and the doctorate. —48—Have you ever worn Chinese-style clothes before? Do you know shat a Chinese cheongsam is? When shopping for clothes, do you sually compare colour, price, size and style? In this lesson you will earn how to choose clothes and make comparisons in Chinese. S+ti®R Lesson 17 OPP TEE EBB AES = a Ve vou ene TH: HR, MVLE PARR? vA vev - EDR: MARR D? HRI ~40.- SemaT? vVeve ne vuvs THik: RRMREET TRE He CBT HT RAGA aa Ue SR Hea Soi AS, Eds: Ri. LK AAD eats Comparing things vey vv -N Smt PATH RBH AeiR HH, TLD DEM ROR RUA ME, HAE io.TAR: EDA: TA: Ea: THik: ER: TAk: H ia 1. He 3. # 4 PR x 5. BB ~50- LNovve ve SLARE PARA? SNe ee Vv VN NR vv eRe IAF BMA REFERER FHP AZUR ee Ne NN vv eos HT |? rites = RABI MEK ZA HEH, - 74 ‘ BwikEE 2 REA? [ieee] = Describing thi vy SR Pe ing things Mako, vvuvoe 4 8 vvuvv« RLEKGH, WRB. REWER RH? veNNN ven ve-Nvov RARER CRAKE, MRR MILE? Levy venny KLM HE, MILA B, TAHT — BIL, Lvvore Svs cvveey — RIL A AUNT Fat, REMARK. New Words N qipdo cheongsam; a long formal dress with a slit skirt — PIG RCAF, PLAY ie Prep bi than(indicating comparison) HLH (4:2 BE, HAI, ATED, HGP RE — AL Vv mai to sell SEA AR, SEHGAL, SERIE, see 4 LAR A zhongshi Chinese style "PSRAAR, Pat F N shi type; style Adv yijing already G4O—14FT BAKT.E BENT20. 21. z >} > IE shangdian shang dian jie) yiding cha kaishi taijiquan tao shudi yanseé héi hong bai pianyi méi guanxi gOngyuan z6u shop; store /)Vi9J25 ALC HO TES, 2 BEE ARDY, A commerce; business shop; store extremely 24K T 12 T , BEER TART must; surely = —jE 41, — 72 (RHE, EIA, RE BSE HE not up to standard; poor; bad 7 2 PART BR, RELA Sait to start; to begin JAF BFF HT BA SEE TEN, WR FER A IK FEE PC FR TE Taiji Boxing "AAR ,ITAMRA set; suit; suite —B Pst AR,— BKEF ,— ER RA handsome; smart ii, MART , He ‘LS, — a ABR colour ff Asif BRIG H EE , Hee BIE, ARAB, black FRAY, FABLE CAR red ALAA, AEBS, AER white AN, AB, Ait cheap LECH), —FS WE TLAY ZAR, — ERE never mind; it doesn't matter #— RULBRA NE —ILIRKA > MRK park = EAS PAECIL, RAFT AE BAMA. TAR to walk; to go AAAI ET — Pt EBRD A -51-R aK ep R * x * + rR BH aK HR BSH ak OR -52- vove,. vA + SATE T Bag BMIERE 6 : RHRAAK? ALB 1 RH MO? 4evevvov RTH! vA ac -7N 44-7 Vevey : AAA MRR, RAMBET. vovsvee- vvyNen NAN v 2 RUNEA HI, TAS AA. RHR EAA? Nowe ‘ oN Nev ees vey 2M RURAL T , AE ET Ap A 0b heat, dvvny ea ve mT 1 BTR, Buying clothes eS Ss vove Lava XN 2 HF. RAHA RIL, BRR? vveN «ny NNN NS VN ‘ » RAE, BH REPAF, IME DRE. BEARING, Navas ‘ Ne 1 LAP OAME OiE, RE AEA?R BK H a HR RR a » * 2 * * x ial 1. yay 2. te 3. 444 4. BR NG : REAP ART o NS o4fvve very vaveyv v VN 2 XS, EKG AF KAILA, REE, AT iE FOV ANRN Fv ee FRR KS ZL CAMER MH KAAD, EHR -ARH. VV Nee LAN Svovens VIL, KITE T ARGERO RHR, NN Fev ‘ Ah RE Sr HOE AME EEE VAvVAe : TRUTST. HARE S 2 KAT HR BAY REAL, v vuves Ne NN eA vee + HPC, REE? RE MARE EMT PSK . VovN ANee FH? RABRAME BIR? New Words N xidoshi hour PAS JL it, abs) Vv gudgi to pass VIET SRA T N _ chénshan shit PRE, BA, RA ET HET A 1a green RAY, SANE, BRITA, RIE -53-5. FEF N yangzi shape; sample; model; pattern F-#5. AOR BHR 6 2H ON shduhudyuGn shop assistant; salesclerk a4 v shou to sell (#3 ao N hud goods 1. KR v shi to try on; to have a ty ikét bt— it, BUF, isk — RAB AE AAR 8. AE Vv juéde to feel; to think RAAK NAR PE AREA BIL, EAE I, REAR 9. Bié A héshi suitable; appropriate; right 4238, TERT RPS A A EE A 10. # A duan short SMGO GH SORT I — A JL BRAT 1 & A gao highs tall HRB, A—AUL, BAR 12. DS N gongfén centimeter PUAS4}, J9—A04}, EBB BIASY 13. FRR Vv mdfan to bother sb.; to trouble sb. ARATE, FRIRIET , BURIAL 14, 29 N sichou silk 229969 , 28172 , +P (42 9 15. FAR N xifu Western-style clothes; suit —#S 7 fit, % DEAR, PEM EE 2 HEA PA RFE supplementary Words 1 M shuGng pair 2. #E(-F) N xié(zi) shoes 3 KR N toufa hair 4. Far vo dazhé to sell at a discount; to give a discount FT FLHF (to sell at ten percent discount) 5. & M tido (a measure word for long, narrow objects, such as trousers, skirt, snake, etc. ) -54-6. BEF N kuzi trousers; pants 1. FOR N xiangsheng comic dialogue; repartee 8 JAAR IE liGobual amazing; terrific; extraordinary 9. & A bdo thin 10. HR M ye page i. HF N lidozi material for making clothes 12. Ar N bu cloth; fabric 13. BH Adv — Z6ngshi always 14. He N bido watch D MAIER Ct al T 2 “How long have you been in Beijing?” Some actions, such as “3, 3: , 3)”, do not endure over time, so a time-measure complement must be used to indicate a period of time from the occurance of this kind of actions until the time of speaking. When the verb is followed by an object, the time-measure complement must be placed after the object. For example; RAPALB-HT, WAREREB BAA T 2D AACR ATRL RAL T “Now there are plenty of stores and shopping malls in Beijing.” In spoken language, “fT” and “4” are often placed after an adjective or a verb as a complement to indicate an extent or degree. “# J” denotes the highest degree, while “4” indicates a great extent of difference. For example: AV + &T/ BT sk BE RE MTS te ae MT. MAB WAH IE BT. HOFF rete PR oT. ~55-@ HART! “That’s wonderfull” In spoken language, this is an expression indicating absolute agreement or satic- faction. It is more emphatic than “RAFT”. Note the range of expressions used to describe the qualities of things; EBT AUF (marvelous; excellent ) { AB WHE TE (very good), HF (good ) | Ax#fi (not bad ) ZRATLA, OHEvE (passable; just so-so), ALF (not very good) | RiP, EH (bad) ® REAKTHYT. “I have already bought the shirts.” A verb plus the particle “J” @ is a perfective construction. If the object doe- not have an attributive or a numeral classifier compound, it requires the particl= “J” @ to complete the sentence. These two particles together indicate the completion and realization of the action expressed by the verb. They also emphasize that th- event or situation has already occurred. For example; RETHBT BRETT. © NEL, ARREST OIE “Miss, I'm really sorry to have troubled you so much.” This expression conveys apology as well as heartfelt thanks. © $F PRTG “All right, TI buy this one.” This is a common shopping expression. The word “jj” shows emphasis. -56-i KEY SENTENCES iol. RRA RS Kepi T7 2. HK A HEH, Moh BR oe 97 3. REBETHBT. 4. ie oe Hi Ae He ABE aR A AR IE 2S. RAS MR KAD, 1 6. SHE MAHE ST. 7. MiG RCH Foil ES 8. LAL KH Ee SRT. 1. SAFIN Master the following phrases (1) Ra 4H iy AR Poy a EH AEH MAH ADO AKA MBH HS Oh AB HALL Ay EPA MABE RAH Mew PH HH pray spidey eM isAy pe Ba shay SL Aah CHAR A FH Dee Hey Hew HeHesF HERI HORAK Wik MSAD wR BSA WRAAF LAA MAS REA ORATEE A R HOR ILRI (3) HATRR READR KRHA BARD BH THK RAB REA RBBB He RDP KAA RIL rok HH AD (4) SRT AMT HRT HRT TRAT SSZRT MERT HST BET FET KET BST 237 ST AST BRST HST RUST SST RAREST AKA-FT KGRtRT MRACBED DHT ERA CA-AE DAT (2 (5 -57-(6) STSOARFT ATASAMT AT-ARBHT LATTAAWT RT ZH HET 2. JB Patter drills a (1) BR PHOBSKaAT? a bi AyA AP REET, RO SRR He & Be 20 AP R 2B Aen (2) sR PEAR HH? (A) BY AER 2k HOARE LAG IR , (MN) BK KR RRBAT. (HHH H [ (2) HH 3B (3) SRK Ay? kt FF te | REBSRABER OD | DHEMKG AHWOKRH Oe | IRA MARA Bie | tes oP ) (S) Om cs 200 324% (3% shudng) #4 (xié) a 1} (Ab) aa K = BL | (ye & $T (S) Ae ree AN AR ARB G2 z mh RRM AERAR, a wm % 3g Bea -58-(6) MRK MEGA! x ry ; MB, AMIE cape WHE RIA MRA, Ris H A | QF 5 BE | we & om 3. HRECWGSh Classroom activity Complete the following comparisons qd) (2 (3 (4) (5) RGB; 23 RRB .B7T HR —— > REPUCREHRA, LPC RBHRE SY? REPU RERRT Ro RFRA: 18.50 L; PBIRA:26.90 % > FERAL PRA BY? PERAMKRFRA Re BATR: 350 As HRT K 240 A —> BATRA IRIIA MA ___, SITAR A rete RA BY? BMA MAH Ao LAIN 43 F PREM 30 ¥ > LEMKE IP LAER CRE ZA Fo 3k BFE 120 AA 5 ARE HAW 117 AD RR ae He aR aia, BY? ee TERA MR FRA BY? AE LAE He AB ee 4. &iGAY Conversation exercises [HBREEY) Describing things] (1) A: HA, READ? Bz MALIK AB? A: HAR, RAM MSF A -59-B: BABAK? A: Bi, MEH, YR wMEK— AIL, KR (tOufa) A RILG. B; Aso T WY RAL, A= 209 ADE, A: rit. (2) A: BARLMPRFRRRE B: Wit. RRAMA KA RR A: MEHMT ATURE REKPAMK, B. 2M, PAWMBMR [Et Comparing things] (1) Ar DAMM EA, BRN BABAK, He IK % ° 2 Ho A RKRAF RRR, LER PRS 2 HBL Be LAE S 2 AR BLAE RS , be a9 YH AT He ° (2) A: AR MARES KHAT? 2 REA EHR 0 2 RE eek FoF ___ 3T. Cr Der De [SEACH Buying clothes] (1) A: dh, RMR, B: MFSAKGW? RF 42 FH, WA AER, TAR FS? TA, Siem? ngQF OF OF OF DF OF Oe Ole : READ BIL, + BHAA RM, AMM MRALF : ERAGE, SYR? 280 3&_ 2 REAR ER ILH? + 3F°C, dy ALF (Zhe). 2: MIE 4 (tiG0)#F (kUZI) BAH? : HMA ARE, dh, SRB? : 350 3k, : ARE AIL AGS? > Ho BFS YAP? : RFS ADH 1 REE, : BYR? 199 3, : AKT. : BRSY? : 100%, : 100 #4, 2 RMA : F—-F, 150, BR : RE, + HPL, BAA, 120 REA AEP -61-5. #2 Describe the following pictures SE IL AG FER He AR IL 89 ER ° Ue At, GH ve 0 ARILA RH HH ILM ER MILER $7. FTO AB IL a9 FR ve ST. oh BT SAE FOI GABE FAR , AR RB ° BAF FR —) AR RB —o ABBE, OE FIRE? RMB RMA ARF re MMR, te EM 2 ~62-6. 36649 Communication practice (1) You have just returned from Beijing. Describe to your relatives the difference between China and your own country, or compare Beijing to a city in your country. (2) What does your friend like? What does heshe like to do on the weekends? Call and talk to your friend now. (3) You went shopping in a mall. At first you wanted to buy a suit, but it was too expensive, so you didn’t buy it. Then you wanted to buy some shirts, but they were either too big or too small, or too long or too short. You didn’t find the colours or styles suitable, so you didn’t buy any shirts. Finally, you bought a Chinese-style dress that appealed to you. “H—AUL" (AflFS, xiaingsheng ) A, EAA, FUARW I BAB T? B: REAURY 44ST BMRA HA BE? Ar RIMRME, BERKS. SHEET TAD AAAT PF B, HAR St! WILT Bie (lidobuat) , A: RBA. MEMPAAM, TARR. BME T AH MRA? B; st, BARI (OO) MAR (ye). A: Redait T —AR AHH B: SYR? A: ZGR. B: HRM SSAR! CHT RR. A: RBA. EAM, TARA. Haba RH AAF (lidozi ) #4? B, 24 (bu) a. A, AFM R AMM, B, Maye Rags 7. -63-A: REX. USFS R? B: RSET, eb? Ar RA FS4—. B: RURK-F, Ar REA. WSR? B: 17244, 8%? A : RIA 173 BF, eth H— BIL, Bz RT, &.&& (ZOngshi) 6 HH — AIL, A: BE%. Hi R(bIGO) MA LA? B: Juke Ar RMRET A, Bz (69 RAL He ALATA Be ND Bt A: RE%. —? pata 1. “BO” AG7H (1) The “fy” phrase (1) The “fi” phrase is constructed by placing “ff” after a noun, a pronoun, an adjective, a verb, or a noun or verbal phrase. It is equivalent to a noun and expresses some distinction. Pr/N/SA + fH R #4 (mine) aM 4] (the teacher’s) 2H #) (the silk one) Kh (the big one)The “ff” phrase can be used as a subject or an object in a sentence. For example; AMOR, RAALAH, RGRAY WEKEH, 2. FaSb ia“ H”327% HBE(1) Comparison using the preposition “14” (1) The preposition “Ei” may be used to compare the qualities and characteristics of two things. “H{” and its object form a prepositional phrase and are often placed before the adjective, in sentences with an adjectival predicate. S + Prep“He” + N/Pr + A Predicate Subject — — Prep “tt.” N/Pr ] A ik BE re AR Be RB KGAHRA we hE Bo AA He ARE ALAS eis. DA ve te Be ‘The preposition “[f,” with its object may be placed before a verb to express comparison in sentences with a verbal predicate. S + Prep*tt” + N/Pr + VP Predicate Subject = N Prep “tt” N/Pr vP Hh ve & wit HB wish % & wt OF | Het Rie Ea ay wt H RA. The adverb “7” is placed before “Et,” to form a negative comparative sentence. “x ®Hy + A” means “x < y” or “x = y”. For example: 44% 64% (meaning “I am taller than him” or “he is as tall as me”) DEH ABACK AHH GZ, (meaning “things in small stores are better than those in big shopping malls ” or “ those in big shopping malls”) things in- small stores are as good as -65-Notes; (1) The auxiliary verbs and adverbs must be placed before “[t” . For example; Te BIR OR AAT Fg OT HEARS, SEE FUR AR re ABE RAE (2) The adverbs “4B, 3€,aE3¢” cannot be used before the adjective in a “Le” sentence with an adjectival predicate. For example, we can not say @ “fhecaeBte. ” 3. SHAME The complement of quantity In a “bE” sentence with an adjectival predicate, the complement of quantity (a numeral-measure word phrase) can be used after the main element of the predicate to express specific differences between two things or persons. A + Numeral-measure word phrase Predicate ] Numeral-measure word Subject N/Pr = phrase “te” | (the object of | (the aspect of | : (the result of comparison ) | comparison ) : | ‘comparison ) BEAR we | ARR RUA RK —F. BAG ve MA ca 20 34% itt a ARE k BAY. BATA | we | eM % 90 NES The word “—,JL” is used to indicate a slight difference between two things or persons, while “4J” is used to indicate that the difference is great. For example; BE AIRC AME SE — BLS LEAN CABANAS T The question form for this type of sentence is “A + 4/>?". For example; MANA MINAS BA? SAF AILIO ME HEB I (4R) 2 -66-1. (LF AVFIK(3) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(3) Associative method (23%): This method of construction combines two or more words to create a new word with a new meaning, which is derived from the associa- tion of the original meanings of all the individual components, For example, “JA” is constructed by placing one “person” after another, to signify the meaning “to follow”. We have learned the following characters in this category: KARA AS BAS ERD. 2. USBANF Learn and write basic Chinese characters ay HL PLE ff bi to compare 4 strokes a & 77h yi already 3 strokes aR BR 4 if and 3 strokes . fee (4) ra a ca chan to produce; to give birth to 6 strokes © Z .conVe see EEEYe hei black 12 strokes. we Fb ee u si silk 5. strokes -67-3. USPC HDL Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts % (yizipang) 7 4% F 5 strokes (“28" is written as “%” on the left side of a character.) (1) #44 qipdo Bomw+rr + HH 14 strokes FL > F + B 10 strokes (2) # mai (#) KEo+T+E 8 strokes (3) ® & shangdidn ke > Pp+ed 8 strokes (4) jl (4B) Bret 7 strokes (5) —# yiding Bae tem 8 strokes (6) FF48 kGishT (FA 45) %ok+ ht vo 8 strokes Fquanzitou) Se we 2 RK 6 strokes (7) KRA& tdijiquan (AMA) BOR F- 10 strokes -68-8) &tdo BoK+E 10 strokes 9) JP shuai (#) yp y + 9 5 strokes 7 (daozitou) 7 % 2 strokes (“JJ” is written as “%” on the top side of a character.) (10) #& yansé (#46) BR FF + SB t+ M15 strokes B&B 474+68 6 strokes 11) 4&@ pidnyi > 4+ 9 strokes Gos; + 8 strokes yi 12) HRA Mei guanxi (MA) KVM EK 6 strokes 13) 2 gongyudn (4+) g@-H+aA 7 strokes 14) 4444 chénshan (47%) Ajomegeot 8 strokes 4B > F +3 8 strokes 15) 210 (4) ne 11 strokes -69-(16) 4 4f # ShOUhUdyudn (4 4H H ) &—of +0 Ho H+ Wl (17) 43& héshi (438) wo eth (18) 4% dudn FEF +B (19) ARE mafan CARA) SR P+ ak RMork+ TH fan (20) #244 sichéu (448) Fo 24+]+h+iv -70- 11 strokes 8 strokes 9 strokes 12 strokes 11 strokes 10 strokes 11 strokesUrban transportation in China currently depends mainly on buses and the subway. Beijing has a very advanced public transit system. The bus routes are so numerous that it is possible to take the wrong bus. ur friend, Ma Dawei, took the wrong bus this time because he didn’t remember the place name of his destination correctly. S$8+/\i® Lesson 18 2 WL, RR : GRAF : T° Hee, = FUE TY ice D: Bve aN vv ovAN \ o-yv BPE, vovass Nee ee NN Nvvervee Az REERR AHO RIAHAP LH, MHAPREL NS vvsvey Ho KAKI P RIA AQ At the post office vev NO vVONN vee Ne VN Ne A: RE ARAS, TERA MY FARK , RABAT HD -71-2 HT, EK AMBILI oN Ve ven oNovV SN ERB TAPRAL, BR MULE ve A: kA. eee, BS AEE ERE? Nf evV NS VA ve ‘ A: FASC, TR MIE ST, Fave, can VAN v ‘ Rs ARIE 106 3. HABILR EM i 2 2P vv veN veo ow Ay WHHL, RELR—-HAR, Vv-ve--vy -vVeNvo«4as Ri: Tht Rh HY HR, ape, f ih OI RAIN a Ree BR EAA GERO vNveny Reminding SNe Ne VAN R: AXAN, MATRAHP RHO as BAS 8 8 oe EF ® & Gommm oo a: rea, SUE neeiieaa eat —]o THAR: RB %0 WS Mperpaseae [Shirk : 2 agee i We x git sce ae Pd | inmate EES Fe eae | ARES | 278 * « LAR LAlsistii: 20v0se a uiearswa/2su [RTE nan aes nw fenewan -72- EH, HARE TAG “AAI, KATHY, AOE,4 ial New Words 1. 7% 2. AE 3. BE 4, 3 14, 38 Fo 3B ii fo v V/N cud bdogudé xié Yingwén cididn jiu bao wang hangk6ng kong hdiyun hai youféi fei qu tongzhidan tongzhi dan to remember; to bear in mind WAT NSF A CE wrong; erroneous i24%, 974.5 48 BU AW AE parcel; package 2 41%,—/M4a, HE RPO some —HE C86 , ARE eae fy AB Were English — E5045, HERE HS HB HERES EI HY dictionary SE 3Cia) Hh, HA SCH , — ACK ia, 2a old; past; used |Hiaj#t, IAB, IALAR AR IZ to wrap 445, 4028, fat to; toward (E58 EH, FEDER, FERK DA ae, AEB JL aviation 2 /UL2s , ize A] , LAS 7) HEL sky; air sea transportation; ocean shipping; ocean freight 2F}fi2 , WHAT] sea; big lake postage Zé HB 3 , 2 “> its $e fee; expenses; charge 4 $%. 43 RAR TK to take; to get; to fetch 2) §8 47 SRCBG BUM aU 2 BE CAR HY ARB advice note;letter of notice (03238 LM TG a to notify; to inform/notification sheet, paper -B-15. BERK N haiguan customhouse; customs JH 36, WEE THAR 16. ¥ Adv bié don't HST WAT WSS 17. RNs hdzhao passport #PS AR, Ad 0 PUR PR 1. BA Akagi polite; courteous RE, KEE, NER KER 19. €H]17 PN Jidngud Mén Jianguo Men (a place in Beijing) ny N mén door; gate; entrance THR: BRA: THAR: A 1 3 = -74- KA MEBEBRA AM ELT GEILE AZ LMBKI ves Vvoveoe BRB RB, PAI, Uritemn i) Uncertainty 2 A ILA 803 BRRAF BAI, SO Q VAN fe -7¢ coe A: MRR, ART PAM ALE® vNevvy NN 4a Ne fe N vey WARBLAS F—3h,W1, FEMRER OTA - Ne vv ay k BQ MLAWGHEZ,TAR: BRA: THR: BRA: : FAALBAN, RAAWN. ws ee To VV VN vVeN NN Az HL, HER RA RAIN? VeNNN TY FN Na Ns ve SVVN FORE NNN NV Ne : RAK ETA FA, LALA SEIT, oVANSN vveaN oe A: RAR RAE? aT! FARA ATT. A 2 vevs 1 RK, ERB RS, ep RS a vevo«ey Bi KA ALM ARUBA LEAR SRR T OTE TRA? vev VAAN A: RHT , TRIO T Vive 4ovvANN RHEE MMP BERTI 4? ia New Words 1% - 78 vv- SRBRT Aakesre! | Grermeanan = [an mit: 2m 0 + oh 1 a Be ae S22 z+ @ Ri so 2? pace a Pe -- VVev eee RAE, BCG Ri OHS T , Nl route 803 3,323 8,331 BH 2. BHAA N — gOnggdng gichd bus 810 BRAIEMCA ,726 Bead MO DS A gonggong public; common; communal 2S3£/q 5 -75-IKE 8. #(i2) 9. 3b 10. RE RK Be 11. WeR 12. AS 13. #BAR 14. HTT -16- Z 227 <4 2 vo PN qiche ché jinggud hdoxiang xiang zanmen shdupidoyuan pido dajia Ni(bian) zhan chéngké chéng ke ditié fangxin ZGogao Qianmén automobile; motor vehicle; car vehicle to pass; to go through; to go by & TENH AURA AURA BAW BRA to seem; to be like (GJE R/T, BRU EIE B ORE AE >) to seem; to look as if; to appear we, us HAATUGR—F , mei] — ide ticket seller; conductor ticket 425%, ESE, ASEMAERE, HL we all; everybody AACE ,HARRUERK , KR AD in; inside; within 543 station; stop Bax, F—Hi, ESA, BSE passenger “P4899 , Ml LHF % DERHORE to ride RF, RM RATE visitor; guest underground railway; subway FS MR , MB HB to set one’s mind at rest; to be at ease; to feel relieved BLL HEL AE ABO in a wretched state; in a mess; too bad ACHPRE, SUPE Qianmen (a place in Beijing)FDFEAE TA] Supplementary Words La M gongjin kilogram (kg.) 2. pee N youpiao stamp 3. BE N jinian commemorate 4. Adv ranhou then 5.7 N/V zhtinbéi preparation/to prepare; to get ready 6. HRAA A congming clever; bright 7. LF N érzi son 8. 4 M féng (measure word for letter) 9. 454 N xinféng envelope 10. Wb Vv tie to stick; to paste LL. Hh-F N sinzi grandson D HEBBEN. “These books are all new.” “se” represents uncertain quantities, commonly used with “3¢”,“HS” and “Bik”, to modify nouns, For example: pe43" (these books), “HBAZIif" (those teachers), “HH HZ" (which movies). It is also commonly used with “—”. For example: “— e435" (some books), “—# "(some people). 2 HT. “AIL right.” “7” here is used to express the wish to discontinue an action. For example: HT REBUT. 3D SEEMILEE? “Where do you want to mail it to?” -77-The preposition “f:” and nouns that indicate place or direction together make u the preposition-object phrase. “Prep 7+ PW” represents the direction of the actior For example: BERS, BRA, MMF. Compare: “Prep 7£ + PW” represents the place of the action. For example; ARLE, ARE. @ EAR Sy EAN AE RATT FD , OF SE, “Sorry, your package is to be picked up at customs, not at our post office.” Foreign packages sent to China are usually picked up at the local post office Sometimes it is necessary to go to the customs office for pick-up. © BAST LAU AE Zs, “Don’t forget to take your passport with you.” “Silas I” here indicates reminding. © BRT WEE. “The bus is here; let’s get on first.” The meaning of “sfj{f]” is almost the same as “#8{f]”, and is commonly used in spoken Chinese. However, “ifjf{]” includes the listener; “#&({]” usually does not in- clude the listener. For example: A and B go to the library to borrow books; A says to the librarian; 3642, FR {{7 2K. (Sir, we want to borrow books.) Then, A says to B: MEf]f#JL452 (How many books are we going to borrow?) © WRAL. “Please move inside.” The pronoun “KX” indicates everyone in a certain area or group. For example: KR HARHR, KEART. RERKR-E BIL, “KR” is often used after “P{{], AC], MAA]” for emphatic purposes. For example: WRMIAK RMA LH, MAA RANG A 38-27 -78-In China, most buses have a person selling tickets on board. Buses without ticket agents are becoming more numerous in some large cities. ® WEEMS, “Passengers who just boarded should purchase tickets, please.” “HE EA)” is a form of the “fi” phrase, which means “fb AVHEA”. “V+ a9” or “VP+f” can also form the “#” phrases. For example; RAPA, FREY, GEAR AIR, RFE NIA: borrowed book, not purchased) FARAH, (FMT: tickets to Qianmen) REAR KEK. WER. “You gave five dollars; three dollars is your change. Please hold onto your ticket.” These are common phrases used by bus ticket sellers. In some Chinese cit a ticket check is conducted at the time of getting off the bus; thus the ticket sellers say, “Please hold onto your ticket.” KEY SENTENCES - ab BARR aT AY ROAHAP LH, MPHAHRKLM, . de @ Rik oo PK, ME TRAMP RBA, - KARST, KRRBBR . FEHRE RE CH RBS RET TRINH T SPADAAWN SE 1. 9818 F FUSE Master the following phrases (1) 2 Abo ake MAR RLS MLE AERA ELAM Ea pe ime siq 2) 42k BELA AML BRAG ABRR BAER -79-BRERE BwERA BE G3) "NALA NAIA NRA MH HRA "ANSGAR L (4) KR KEMRGAR MKRRK WKESML WAR Dw HAR LM HARABY HRRKS HAZER WAKEPMR WARAMLARA MMA EMRKIVC KNAKEMRHRE QNKR-RERB (5) Ref RH Rey Rea Ret Beh REYA RAM AGN RRMIARH ALHH ZRH 2H MH RE AMH RH RH LH BBay BL RAR RRAM (6) SLAF PLY CHER FRAR AMR THLE Reet MRD SERS SHAR PARKA FRR (7) tei to PR FEAL RAB jerk AKER RP REA JAAR GREER FORA K > SIBHE Pater drills mR | (1) AoF BAe T 2 eee ROWE T — 2%, ATE. Li ohana i [ Met #9 a | (2) MBs hig eT RA? a eae a KA WSBT. 2 RIES oH AR ORR a | Ash baie Wi Bae st -80-3) WHAT? at BR WUAARLS HAL RE, 5 Re HY ie ZA KR-RRT - fo ih to B APE MH Be KR RER Co He q HL BR Bi ER € ma 5) Wibdeth 2 Ke le & xammnEH eA BH E, eR BRD ewe | fF Rk mRORR S$ ok ROR 5) AAI Hao? Gen | OR A Ga] ah? (4) BF Kx ASAE. an Ch) te BR RMA MARA, RB HEH, (#) BiH att eee Ch) em 8 BB GR) EH tak 7) RRERAKAMEH? [ REAR (A) # WAR px KEGEL ERMA, | (2) ee eae, CL ER he ek eke |(8) Rese MRIL FDR? WEHRFAR, aa an eset FR? x sh ie Wie FOR. ELBE AMA WeE KR eh 3. DREIEB Classroom activity Complete the following question-and-answer exercises (A asks the first question, B answers it; B asks the second question, C answers it; ...) C1) SKAZFHAZRB? (2) PRAMILF BR? (3) FAME KAA FRE? MA His RY? (4) A LEA RUDRA AL MLR GR? (5) AH LARGER A AIHA? (6) BRRARAWN? (7) BRART MRE? (8) BRAKM RAIMA? (9) Hetil At RAAB ILE #2 (10) SAA KEP LBA HI TB? C1) BKARHAZET? 4. S845) Conversation exercises [4EItB)& At the post office} (1) A: AA, RFRA, B: &A—Fo A: ikabape TWO, BREIL? RRR, EB ARP B Aro B, MARFA E BR HB? A B: th @R-HAAI (QOngjin), Hf $ = ~82-2) iD) PP rw er De oe ve eee 1 WEN @ RIL ESI? : £-2M, 2 DHL, EI, RAR-P OR, 2 He Rik seh ° : He, : RRA-AEOPR, HSL, 1 REIL? A, RAMM OR HP. : RAKES (yOupiao): +RALM, FRALH, : 3 14a, + REL 2& (jinian) HF, + RBA AIL? : RZFKDAM, BNE? : AE, HBA Describing things] IDA B: ang 2 Rah AF MIL? eH? ABRAM MAF RAF AD, He AF RAZ BE 892 SRILA 4 AY ee TERR? AN ABHAZE Uncertainty] (1) A 2 Ue Foi MB Aa HR HE? PRR RMR REPA P ~83-A: $,RE8?, (2) Ar “RGM FEZ? B: AB“*A”, a (ranhou)-+-- SHA? FREAK”, Ar Bx, RK" [#282 Reminding] (1) A: AR, FFRAR, GN-RAB Hire, B: A: REFS ME TRACP PE, B: ce (2) A: RHKAMA. B; 2 A: RER-+ GR, AMAMKD FAK, B: HST 0 [ARASEIR Taking the bus ] (1) A: CB ARHARART AEA, B: 4, ZEA, RARER, RAKE, 0 #ER: —k AE © B; BRR: F-3b, ZH. FRM RSH BS (zhinbei), EAS T, FEWRERS SACHA, (2) RB: DI MAAK EM HRARBRBHL? BER: RBARAEHH, KR B. MR RPRAT. Ri: o ETAT FF , 810 BAKA FSI Et Ho Be MWh 5) Sb SIF RAI — FIL 3H? A: RAM, BASS,5. ABLE Describe the following pictures (fy GR A: GRR %, ARAB RH B: ABRATBR ORR _ Ho $ A, bd RRM BIE, LAR: fyd4e th a4 BR # 2. LAR: fete ay wR, #2, HHH LEAR: ite th 04 BR Fb: wh, LAR: fd F Bw, LAR: HT GH EET 6. 3€hx4%J Communication practice 1) You go to the post office to mail a parcel to a friend back home, ‘There are many things in the parcel and you show them to the clerk one by one. Initially you want to send it by air, since that is faster, but you change your mind after you find out that the postage is very costly because you have so many things to mail. 2) Describe one incident where you had to go to the post office to pick up a package or to withdraw money. 3) You get on a bus and while buying a ticket, find out that you are on the wrong bus. The ticket seller tells you how to change buses to reach your destination. ~85-ymprehension and Paraphrasing HH (cOngming) Hy ALF (érzi) 1. We BEST 4 (feng) 1s , 348 45 (834 (xinfeng) 2 ko , 4445 89 4S Ht REID HY LIL KPA HF. AT -—BIL, LF ORT, CEM: “thiets F TONG RN ET. ES, CAM KM (EMT, BHR FY SRG, MST BARRE SAFO SRA GH AMBTALARE, "SEM ILF “HACER TS? LF HGCA T PET RAAB, RIL WERT. ” 2. LR A EEER-KGRAL, WM REEKAY IG WAKER. EE HK ME LMR LF AS] AMG T LT ADEM, wR 487 RUDE FAS A GER A ob Fh (SUNZI) S) EER RILPC, RRB "S ERT HAIL, DLN FPA RATE I ARE AMAT? LF HL KK EE EARG EME ARGH!” 3. CER MF AER HG DARA RY, TRE RAR ART TS BRE, FAG “SRA ABBE AA, A AE RARE? EER RB BAK T LF HL KA BMH RESHRRERAGR, ROR GRAS mT.” -86-1. S5LRNB The resultative complement The resultative complement explains the result of the action. It usually consists of a verb or an adjective. V+ V/A oF rd to listen and understand g za to write down a a to wrap (the parcel) well $ ae to hold onto i 4 to remember incorrectly aw cy to take the wrong (bus ) Resultative complements are closely bound to verbs. There cannot be other words in between. The particle “f/” or any objects must be placed behind the resultative complement. \ Predicate Subject -——. r a ee _V | ‘WA complement ) | Pt “T " L oO Pt “Tt HR | om |e | T. BRA | @ Ec | BAER. | | FHOHRE | = ca | AHS, | _ HAN i 4 ee & LT. If expressed by verbs with resultative complements, the action is usually complete. Thus, “BE( 4)” is commonly used in the negation,while “---T}L4{” is used for the V/A-not-V/A question. For example; RET RA? — RTE. BRAGHORTEA? Hi A OH BR. The adj “ie” in this lesson is used as a resultative complement, indicating that an action is completed to satisfaction. For example; -87-RAN REPRE, HARM, LELR, 2. “Fa” 4a (2) The “fi” sentence (2) There are two types of “ff” sentence in this lesson; A. “Jf” sentence with the predicative verb “to give”, such as “45” , GE", “GR ()” , GB", ete. This type of “Jf” sentence commonly indicates giving a certain object to a certain person. S +H" + Oy (sth.)+ V( “to give”) + O(sb.) Predicate Subject On v o a (something ) | (to give) | (somebody ) Hab AP IR Bs ko PR | & Bo OR | 4% Mee adh # R Site R 4 BR To B, “#21” sentence with simple directional complement The basic form of the “ff)" sentence with a simple directional complement is; S+ Adv + “G7 + O + V + H/H + (T) | Predicate Subject — — ] Adv “i” On Vv K/E | Pt th qe | MRP RR *# | ke & BR je | PR * & | to BRA | RA ze | MAR £ * | & je | MeOH |e | Rk OT, & & je | ae it & | ee 3. “fi” 42) The “fi” sentence (2) We have already leamed the “J&” sentence; for example “#22 ™%49)". Its subject and object are nouns or pronouns. ‘The function of the “fi” phrase is e- quivalent to that of a noun; thus it can also serve as the subject and the object of a “J” sentence. -88-S + #2 + N/A/Pr/Vp + BY Predicate Subject — ee _ | Adv “e" | 1)" phrase RG Bik sop aR MR 85 BARAK z aa, ORG az Pi, | AH R & HLH, HLH x BRAM, Phe x KH 1. WFAA (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(4) Phonetic loan method ({BH¥ 3%): This method us readily available character to represent another word that the shape and sound of a s the same sound. For example, the original meaning of “f” was “axe”; it is now borrowed as a measure word to represent “a unit of weight”, which has the same sound. “#” was originally used to represent a type of weapon; now it is used to write the first person pronoun. “3” originally meant “wheat”; it is now borrowed to mean “come”, because the sounds were the same in ancient times. All foreign words borrowed through transliteration are applications of the phonetic loan method. For example, “2b” (sofa), “AJR” (coke), etc. 2. ALSBAWYF Leam and write basic Chinese characters 13 yn & & sl the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches 3 strokes De "FSR fa not : 5 strokes nR (“7 eeneee gg &F xiang elephant 1 strokes ~89-Oe TEE yu a pencil 6 strokes oR “-Tttrtree chéng to ride 10 strokes OR PEER sht to lose 5 strokes 3. USWX' HMMs Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) i ji Ge) womy+s 5 strokes (2) && baogud &ao7+e 5 strokes gOS + Rtn 14 strokes (3) & xié wHe—> pyre hea 8 strokes (4) 448 cididn (443%) who ther 8 strokes (5) 18 jit (#) ws |] +4 5 strokes -90-6) 4 wang feo 4A td 7) 4 hangkong hi > fp +> +L BaP eT 8 38 hOlyun (sie) wrath 9 ip yOurei ($6) % > + Wh (10) FR qu Ro R+R 11) i 4% tongzhidan (8 42 #) Ho Pte 12) 47 RR huzhdo (247) Poo. +pP 13) F& kéqi (FA) Bom 1 Re 14) #€ 11 Jiangud Mén (3 Pa) BOF 15) 3% lu Bo¢+ RD 8 strokes 10 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 13 strokes -91-(16) A # giché (4 #) = ArT +H a strokes (17) 444% hGoxiang Br l+R 13 strokes (18) »€)4/] Zanmen (+f 4°) ™@>a+ g 9 strokes (19) #4 shoupidoyudn (42H) Zoe 4+ 11 strokes (20) £(22) Ii(bian) woreAtii 5 strokes (21) 3 Zhan Bos + sb 10 strokes (22) 344K ditié (24.4%) we > 3 4+ th 6 strokes BR—> BAR 10 strokes (23) #8 fangxin Brew +& 8 strokes (24) #HE ZGOgdo He > F + — + BW + A 1 strokes (25 #11 Qianmén (af Pa) WoY eee A + | 9 strokes -92-pale; Transportation in China The Chinese transportation industry has developed rapidly since the economic reforms. By late 1997, the total national railroad network comprised 57566 km. The network has expanded to reach every province, every region, and cities, except in Tibet. (The Qinghai~Tibet railway is now under construction.) 80% of all the cities in the country have access to railways. In 1997 the total length of roads was 1.2 million kilometers. Roads have expanded to all cities and counties throughout the country, with a coverage of 98% of townships (xing, %) and 80% of villages. Modern highway construction first started in the mid 1980's. Now the total length of the modern highway is 19 thousand kilometres, ranking the second in the world. There were a total of 967 commercial passenger airline routes in 1997, which was approximately a seven-fold increase from 1978. ~93-i Have you ever seen traditional Chinese painting? Our friend Ding Libo not only appreciates it, he also knows how to paint traditional Chinese paintings. He is going to tell us the differences between traditional Chinese painting and oil painting. In this lesson, you will learn a new way to make comparisons between things. STAIR Lesson 19 (IY Le] AN 9 ‘ av VAveeve se THR: GMIRET LARGBAA ANB Cn A A 2 OM: RPT RMT. SRAR-RERM PEF, (dest seint al) Expressing a duration of time vVevoaevs TAR: RABK PAG! ‘ vevyv cee Hh, RB, AAR a AR AwTHR: TAR: TAR: VevVeN V¥V -4N eve Ne ve Ne BSR AF URE P BB MARTY PH RRR v- vey 5 AB. mili, APRBaT ESET? Bi, 7 Sov. eee VeN- 4 4NR NR Ve 2M, CAGT+—#T! RAR MUEEA EGR”, \ve VN eve FN vO Ae VN RRS! REGRAMMHEKPAG, TAAL enun vA vVvV-NN ev Ne ee NS KEG, RECURS LHF MEKS PARA, ME - Ne oer WERE FGF Al eet] Talking about hobbies aS 0 0 : REE EAT - Ne Ne VN NN Vee HOS KARAS PASH, SHER. VVVN Fe eNO Noo VNN SN : RBE-M PAG, AGRHM-RRH, AAA? eee venues ve oNovNe PEA GYD ERAT © RAR BGR”, fe ¥9 ,van BRK Svvuene OMB: RMA BRR IE? Ne vv¥VVV Nv OVA TAR: RTARM! RTA CR BAF HY 3k Hp O + ial New Words 1. Paw ON zhongguohud JL N huar 2. eh youhud a N you 3. AF A ylyang 4. %A4E ON méaishiguan FM vo kdimén 6. & v hua LA A ldo 8 BR N hudjia R N jia 9. RIK IE bu gandang 10. RIF N/V aihdo 1. *B v chang traditional Chinese painting #%*} ili, PERCE i SP i PP painting oil painting 38 HB), EHH, SEH aah oil the same; alike FE, —PESE, BE ES, RE art gallery SUMRARME, BRR to open the door; to begin a day’s business RUFF , HBL FET, SLT ARTE OWA FET to paint Ti JL, , iS , Fl, ia 3h ii old; experienced A BBR painter; artist 2A “FRAY HA, A BHR specialist HATH, XK, HARK I really don’t deserve this hobby/to like ARBRE AAR SF , Fe BL to sing BAM, BNE, BH“12. RA N jingju Beijing opera Efi 13. BBB A | mamahoha so-so; careless 0 (845 ge ge , 5 TOL pee, PASS RE BR Tye Be A mahu careless 14. RB M fu (measure word for painting, cloth, etc.) — OTL JL, — 0, 15. #2578 = PN XU Béihéng (name of a well-known Chinese painter) a 2 2 Ne 4a TAR: MNLART PED GILT RA A, VAN Lvs ne RERARE wHERE® Vo oe eNO NN aN kW: He, Ask SLAP SR HERD Comparing things ; eee 2 A OM, BARK, — THR: RRAFAR, ALKP OBR GHZ. vey Nas HMB AR BLAU AR — HR?THik: TAR: a OUR TAK: 98 - vvns ven - FN FERN NS TRARITA TF , RAZR oe © PEG fork B AAR —to voN 4A : BAR? HNN VON FARR LRN Kr YR SAA, Wee AA; PRGESALOKG, GS oN VN REA G Nave RX}, SEA A HH? PLAVN GE DON FORE VN Oe MGRLAZE, PHGRPRAZA, KARE RBHDS ‘ Svvo«vn se Say JL: GRRGBT—-LL RAGAN, vay an Svovvnsnay : TRAMEBR LAMM AG, LAN RAR— FARE vues va - 4S VN -v By fhe ABUL T BEATE HAF AE Bh EGE AL,A -vN TAR: a7. RIA GB HIP —H, CAVHERHSL OATS! VN Nea 5 MAE DR BAT 2 A 4 oN VANE vy ie KOM: LG, TRALBAK, Bi NN Nee vy TAK: PHBA AIR BRA? Sv NN VN VN ve Sv OM: HMMA, TRACMAA ADR HYDE, +ia New Words 1. WAR N didnt elevator 4 PE LBS, HP LER ATUL 2. FRR VO kai wanxiGo to crack a joke; to make fun of HIFEE KH FRR 3 A méi beautiful #36 69" FIM, ARSE HS Maile ALTAR x 4. N cdiliao material FAS BP +, TUBULES BPE WAI ROPE 5. KR N zhi paper FAY, Skat, —aKae 6. Ar N bu cloth APRA, AARC FAL CAR IR 1 ER A zhtydo main E38)9, ES, EH, EMI, ER 3B N mo Chinese ink FHSS, FURS 9. we N youcai greasepaint FEE ii 10. #44 Pr —_—biéde other Si) iB JL , A AE, HY TRAE AINE, AUB, HURT Wu. EA N kongbai blank space #725 14,28 A AU3E 2 Adv ht only RA, UBL, RG, mT , MT Al, REX, Ries 13. Be M pi (measure word for horses) —[E 7} -~99-B > a 8 5 Xo AA Sw * pug N <7y2z2zp<< PN xiGngxidng to imagine #4¥—F , BAUR pao to run HOR FUSS PARR ES ta it féng wind #7 JA, WAT RRL xia shrimp iif RZ 46 tamen they (refering to things, animals) you to swim BFASRAR, eT Vit RSE de Qi Badishi (name of a well-known Chinese painter) RA Supplementary Words 1H . HATE x wy Bik ake va . VAT Rm 10. RAC, eer Aw eR YD v N 2s. 222 a zixingché yuan pdobu shofa yeya jiému yigian shou jidnféi guan shéngqi gangqin hdizi shidian jidoyu guandian to ride; to sit on the back of bike; bicycle far to run, jog handwriting; calligraphy spare time; amateur program before; formerly; previously thin to reduce; to be on diet to discipline to get angry; to take offense piano child; children bookstore; bookshop to teach; to educate opinioned D MEAT Te BEA FEET “We came too early. The art gallery is not open yet.” The structure “Z8L(#7)+ V + We” indicates that a certain event or situation has not happened yet, but it will happen. Compare the following: MARTH? $eiRAE, (He didn’t go home.) HELA ARI. (He hasn't gone home yet.) “I don’t deserve this.” This phrase is used commonly as a reply to someone’s compliment. For example: Wi T RAR SHH BAAR HEM, RHYL ER MR, REE Rat Lin Na's statement, calling Libo an “experienced painter,” has the hint of a joke to it, Libo’s answer is also meant to be a joke. SB) FRAT A Fee me “I can give you the horse that I drew.” KS When used as a resultative complement, the word “i” can also convey the meaning of completion. For example: ii €FBUJL , WF 573 , 5 Fee WLAE-2E Ap AFB ABE, He BART. D BLE A EAL BE EE? “Should we take the elevator upstairs now?” We have already learned the interrogative sentence “---,J& 75? ” in Lesson 10. The structure “42:4.” can be placed not only at the end of a sentence, but also at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. The meanings these different arrange- ments convey are basically the same. For example: WARRLBRT? ( = WER ART ER? ) RARMRMAE EET? ( = PUBE HBT ARIE? ) The affirmative answer to this kind of sentence can be “Jiiij”. The negative answer, however, needs to negate the part about which the question asks. For example, the negative answers of the above example sentences can respectively be: — HAR. (AR, ARR A EE -101-© FORTE MIE. “Let me tell you.” The structure “3€+V/VP” is commonly used in spoken Chinese. Here, the word “3” does not express concrete action, but rather the meaning of, “will do something”. The structure with “3€” has the same meaning as that without “3€”. For example: RAPB—Fo (= RAF. ) MB RIKI C= Mpitiv. ) © ENieKwe. “They swim back and forth.” 1. RABRAA HIVE, 2. HAE (PAN) RARRA GD HERE? 3. PHGBELAZHKSG, 4. PHSRS—-HR-H? 5. PHS Ri HK, 6. REERKRBB-HEKPAS, TRPAGST SVT? 8. AN CAAT PED HBT, 1. FASE Maser the following phrases (1) SRAB AS 15] 28 — 4 Shik & R-H SRAB ASS 3] — 48 — HE SRL FH Ip YP AHR SRAR EHS BRIGHT HR HK SR IRR-A EA (2) BRI-PDEFT BRT Tae BARE T ET REFSITERT RR T TET RLET APPT MIKA ATT Pee RTA bat HET — al FP 9 BRI -BNUD (3) RRE-H RAM ARG AKASH ARTES BRA NE -102-4) BBE BARARE ER AWARE Ei ae ARB Mie MRR D Me Mase 5) BAAR LAAN BRASHR BARAR ERAAK ALAR BRALIN BLARR LRABR RRA 2. AJR Pattem drills 1) EAM ARAMA (HR )— Hew [OO aknanaieen, [HOE hw ILM BAL AR ILA QE LAMAR | RHA HB AT ABIL (a5) 2) ASFA IME HEEB? | A ABN kK be EMAAR MARK. ie wR ABE FH #8 REAP HARA AE — BIL, | RNa aN Hh RST RAR LEK HH BST 3) Marth A sea? t Ane | AGKS PHS, 8 eal REHEARSE PAS, # RR & ey (A) WR AMIE TB K wb il)? 6 haa | ME RRR BRT EAD at ca 45 Dap SRAM T tt To PRM T S Kay id T 2 3 1.5 ds ap(5) ABAD TRA? B JL BLAME. | ge RK MOBI SKA MMT T? | 3 27a REBT 50 PPM ATT. a & & ia (6) tRGAE) AAT S Ket ia] 72 RAT —AT. RARLIMARART? A 3 LAR Y LMAR te & Rm RMR FS (7) #AHAS RL? Ho BRK, % 2 RGB RE eee RE BTS hE RAEREERASARS ala AR AR BR oa | EDRE 54 (ql) 8 47 # (zixingché) | 3. DRIES Classroom activity (1) Divide the class into two groups (A and B). Group A chooses two items or things to ask group B about, “x §& y —#7\—##? ” Group B replies quickly and then chooses two other items or things to ask Group A about. -104—2) Ask your partner to identify the similarities and differences between the two characters in each of the following groups of words (key words: Z¢i% left side, Ai right side, BL meaning, E#% dUyin pronunciation). AMS Be CoRR Ded Ex 3) Take turns making up questions and answers with the following patterns; Q: tek TS Katia? A: RMT BAND Bt Q: METS Katia (a4)? AL RST at (ORF, 4. SGA Conversation exercises AIAFFSEM [A] Expressing the duration of time] 1) A: MRBRARAA SRP AFH, B: RRA, BSP (yuGn) we, 2 RET LA PRT? A B: A: HP PY IL? B: EA — Fab wt i), A B A B (2) Ar RM)BRT SYHT? : RRTITET. 2M BRET, (3) A: »4 1138 (pdobu)s& 7 $ Kata y 7 B: A: BRIT? B: #38—-AILe, URE Talking about hobbies] (1) A: thao Rar? B: RHR P Hay (shold), A: 2 B: RFTAMT. -105-(2) A: > De ak (yey) we Hal Ae ae EAE XP 1 REA, 2 ERA AR 8 (jiému)? : REKA RA. (EH Exchanging greetings ] (1) A: B: A: (2) A: Darr pep ARNT , MEI AT (yiqian)—#. ME RAST . Mere vi aipm (shou)— kL, AT, Aw NE (iGNFEI) T AAPRSEMAT? : RAT—-FT. : BELA EAH? : RAR, RARB—H. 2 WER ILM RAE AH? 2 IL RAR AI ABIL AR — FF, ERA AB ILA, [474] Saying good-bye] A: wr wm > Bie, RRALT. : BPR, HR-AIL, : AEA APL AAD ERS, 2 ER ILOR, : RIT : NEU, ARIULRRE ALEK,5. #HVLUE Describe the following pictures > a 6. 36584839 Communication practice (1) Talk about your hobbies with your friends to find out if you have any common interests. (2) Talk about your study or work experiences with your friends. (3) Discuss a picture or a movie with your friends and talk about your different opinions. OU. PHRASE Readir B ( Quan) BFLER BEF BANA NAY WEBAIBR GRAIG T BR ILA eR A(shéngq)), Alike FB BIL, AP SIMA RAR AR, RoR HASALIMPZA TAM ET ASA MHEG SILAS WRBET A {ik F A (QGngqin) ceMRLERT. MAMET DA sea 4M ERE GLARE, RARER EA A? RRA AMM BF (hdizi) sp SRA 49 de L427 -107-ERAS] HE (shidion) &, AR-AEARMF (jidoyu ) HF a4 8, ERRGRAMT ZA: -AR(MERT),-AR(RFRERE), BA-AR(FRERAERF). MCLABMERT HAT TRS + AOL. (Quandidn )—AsR—AR—FH, RE EB, LAER ABRFT, KAMARA KA, PAM BIRP ARH, RF RAF UR KALMS PMR, TREN FTES ASR; KARLAF FGIL, TREFEKS RA, FIL SP OKT FRAT A CK Ri PTL LL RR Do KMAMLF KAWE EIDE, TRL BUF ERRERF RA-PAAMM! a i 1 “Be (®)—#P” BARE Using “BR---(78)—FR” to make comparisons The comparative structure “fjl---—£” indicates that two things are the same, or similar. If they are different, the structure “Jf. 7S—#” is used. In a W/A-not-V/A question, the structure “—#¥75—#%” is used. Be o+ NP + (A) + —fR + A/SVO Predicate Subject — — — aR NP ] ] A/V O RK SR ABER A) hifié aR Hibs Pas aR ie Se bs AR oP ) —t HB i aR AREF (AR) RH Ke | REE aR RIB | aH $k Pas. If the central words of the two sides being compared are the same, the second central word may be omitted. -108-2. BYE#M# (2) The time-measure complement (2) In a sentence with a time-measure complement, if the particle “” is both after he verb and at the end of the sentence, it means that the action is still continuing. Compare the following: (&)G4BT WT. (I have been drawing for 11 years.) (The practice of drawing is still continuing.) (A)EBGT 1M, (have drawn for 11 years.) (This does not indicate whether or not the practice of drawing is continuing at present.) If the verb in a sentence with a time-measure complement takes an object, the ime-measure complement can also be placed between the verb and the object. The cle “If” can be inserted between the time-measure complement and the object. V + Time-measure complement + (ft) + 0 WE oF S Kat ig (45) AR? RE oF Heb at (45) AK te eT S Kati (4) RGB? & # 7 He (8) RB, Me aA T SKA (#4) GL 7? & aT AE at (4%) GIL TF, Note: If the object is a personal pronoun, it cannot be placed after the time-measure complement. We cannot say: @ “R%T—AV)n wth. ” 3. Ea) (2): RMLABRK Sentences with serial verb phrases (2); means or manner In the sentences with serial verb phrases in this lesson, the first verb usually expresses the means or manner that the action of the second verb performs. For example; RMR BH ERE RERERRALOE, BEALPAG PAS, AME A RBA -109-1. WF AIF (S) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (5) ‘The pictophonetic method (JE # Us): The majority of Chinese characters are “pictophonetic”. Most consist of one component indicating the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component, the radical, which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs. ‘The pictophonetic characters fall into several categories: (1) Im its basic form, a pictophonetic character is constructed by placing the component indicating the sound on the right side and the component indicating the meaning on the left side. For example: 4,5 44, °,°@ 4k, HL, Be, 3k, 22,411, °m8, m ak, RAY AR A HE de A ETERS AE RIE AP PGK, 2. ASHAWF Learn and write basic Chinese characters ak 7 FFR yao young 4 strokes (2) “+ 7 3 s-4h dou (an object shaped like a cup or dipper) 4 strokes 3) & “Tk AG shi stone 5 strokes 4) & “TER shi a clan 4 strokes 3. ABUX' MMF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) #3 youhud (Gia ¥) wy +8 8 strokes BoO-+H 4+) 8 strokes -110-HF (ganzipang) 7 * 7 fF FF 2) RAY bu gdndang (KKH) Keo H+K 3) *8 chang Bowe +8 % (hizitouy ' * * yp? ee 4) 54 %% mamahocha Ro e+ hu 5) # fu te > P+ & (% SRR) 6) # ab %% XU Beihéng (#4) Ram Rt+A+—-+ Go aR + opts 7) & 4% didnt (eH) th > # + Hs 8) HX kai wanxido ROKK 9) HAE cailiao Moe +e a # + +} +h 7 strokes 11 strokes 11 strokes 6 strokes 8 strokes 12 strokes 10 strokes 12 strokes 11. strokes 11 strokes 10 strokes 7 strokes 10 strokes -lll-(10) AR zhi (4K) B72 4+ K 7 strokes (1) # bu Ap —>F + P 5 strokes (12) & md BoS+t 15 strokes (13) 34 #% yOucdi # > aK +4 11 strokes (14) & pt Zo D+ du 4 strokes (15) 38 pao > F + 12 strokes (16) @ ta (48) Er r+ e 5 strokes (17) BU feng CR) Bl > JL + X 4 strokes (18) 3F xiG@ (3%) uP ke + OF 9 strokes -112-(19) i you WY + Rt KF + F 12 strokes (20) #44 Qi Bdishi (#4 4) Fm DM+e 6 strokes ately Traditional Chinese Painting A traditional Chinese painting is created using a special Chinese writing brush and ink, according to traditional Chinese painting techniques. It is very different from Western oil painting. Because of the tools and materials employed, traditional Chinese ater-and-ink painting” (Shuimohud, 7K Si) or “color- and-ink painting” (cGimohud, ¥8iH]), to distinguish it from oil painting, watercolor painting, and gouache. Depending on subject matter, much traditional Chinese painting could be called “ painting can be classified into three categories: figure painting, landscape painting, and flower-and-bird painting. In addition, many traditional Chinese painting methods fine, detailed brush work paintings” (gOngbi, 48), or “free hand paintings” (xiéyi, 3%). Traditional Chinese painting often finds spiritual sustenance from mountains, can be classified as either rivers, flowers, and birds, and it is through such images that painters express their feelings. Another essential aspect of much traditional Chinese painting is that it in spirit” (shénsi, }#4L.) and does not insist on “strict likeness in appearance” (xingsi, JE(Dl). The composition of a picture should rather emphasizes “liken de “between likeness and unlikeness.” Because the images and the composition of che traditional Chinese painting have to be subordinated to the requirement that the content should be expressed through the expression of the painter's spirit and iyricism, painters usually stress things that they want to represent and omit things that they do not want to represent. In this way, the artistic style of traditional Chinese painting developed the quality of being realistic, yet not depicting every aspect of reality. “13-Lin Na and Ding Libo are going to Song Hua’s place for a treat—a hotpot dinner. In the evening, they will go to a concert of traditional Chi- nese music. This is the way in which they will celebrate the New Year in China. In this review lesson, we will summarize the grammar points cov- ered in the five previous lessons. SB—tHiR Lesson 20( 4.9 Review) —. FRY io -ve eA ee EVA: PP AMBER RG ve -N = KB, ES IGE - - NvN ee BARA it HF \vev ere OM, ARAL HH RRA ‘ Ve Ne Ve ve Nv e vv e BD Re ER. DA, ACHR S A KR? ERLAAR SY YY eee f . > er Lb @ TERA VAG HRA PE KAR? Asking for reasons aN Ve FN Ave VANS FR LR ‘ v EDA: KR. MKARRCKM, FERRED, RA AA MRL "Eo? ACH 89] EIR AGM AEA S =eNees Ve eee uy 2 RL RTAR AG RR ALR A Apres By Fy mh? Ea: K-®, ROP: ARAL RAK Ast ate, EK: RBEAA-HRGALRT, UTE REMBEBIL, EB: EVE: \vvvnocy RAE G B® v “ae ‘ (ate) , ° - Hurrying somebody up ¥ 1 LE RR A? z aad cs Ss VON eS 2A NNN vee AN very ovuy WEA RA AG RARARMARS. RBM, VOR IL Vue NN ve cov v PEO ALBA T EAT T 5 MATAR RILA eNoNY a A A oO 2S 1 RIL, SRB LAME LAG ERS, MEER v JLo --Vv a A nr OV KEG? SEMELG PARR, ERBHS RRA, ve - FOR VN NF -f-N 2a : Heit, PARREZAARRRE RAMP ASR, WR -115-EA: EDR: ER: a MR -116- f a, (AEA R)EET © Cn A 2 22 HMRRAAT RGR, TRLARRE vv - NS EKA IEA RY? - ee NN Ve vvoovoN vv - = 7NN VN ve REA KTR Rie Kae, SREZAE—H RH a a AR. PAINEZARER? BAF RRARAA? nan a SRBEHE-RRS. HMAKAAAARST, Py wh Al zre,, : "AMIGERA RAH. HIVLEBAAM DIM AAR cs ovVVV Se ee NT ee Na ABARAT VA ea, 05, PALMA RA BRIS IE? Ne - NVA NAN eee eis LK PS — Hee HR HAG LARA oN ovene At ETE IL, oove Ns PANE 2 FEL, Feat deve 4 ve,EK: EB: TAR: TAR: : RBM! AAR? v oNovNN eS 235. NS Te MAS, voN Ne + Rag ABA? © SNM ee 1 EBGHU, Neer vey Nes voA‘N 1 KARAREZ RB MAT BIE? vAe S44 4 Ne Ne Ne \vuvae RAMBKA MARA, A AMRIRMA-RERT Ne NN ee a ARBRE MOBBKEILB Rg vv ve : AFF wre, v covNVveVAS Ne VN eee NN ee FF PANIC FL Hk — Fh OE Pe RE -4vV Nas PEGA, co a * DA AM, SE! RARE! © -vyv va . (a RE) ~—2>_)y New Year's greetings y) NA 2 KAWKKLAEKALAAT « -H7T-vA vy ER: RMLARBT © - NVA THR: APES, HWA S, HMALBRT, SNovvere cee ‘ Vve-- -N \v yooAy Eba: HekMAYRT , AT © Ae, vv NaN vA HRW ARE RAR ALBA? -4Nvae VAN vv voeN NO VON THR: SFRBF ART -ER, MIA, GARE? ial New Words 1. aE 2. K4R KX 4h BAG AA PVA gz 7. WEA Be te -118- 2zzzwz™z Conj Conj xinnian hudgud hud gud fangudn yinwei sudyt ai shuanydngrou shuan yang rou re new year BERET RRB AE hotpot We SR FEAR A fire; heat pot; pan restaurant #4 % AGH , 3 MR because so to love its, RH, HA, Lie, BIRR, BEAR thin slices of mutton boiled in water FETAL AN, Ben Yl FP, EEA to cook thin slices of meat in boiling water sheep meat hot —-RAVRIA, RA AR18. 19. 20. . EX . RR Oa . Rk RS RA St Zz V/N kaiché kai jiGoqa hudzhé yinyuehui huazhudng hua zhudng zhéngshi minyué xifang xt minza yueéqi qi ydnzou yan zou xiguan to drive acar FFE AM, EBL THE FEE AEB to drive; to operate = FRR FASE PE FRB suburb; outskirts LP 3RK EMBER, ERRGIL, HERA or RAL, SRA RK , EE SMES, LAK SILA BR SK concert NERS, SMFKS, LG EH to put on makeup =—»- BLK, LAK, AFA tk fet te TE Pet to change makeup formal ERE EH LR, ERS IM, HAIER — BIL folk music played with traditional instruments HAIER SR, BARI, Wi RR, RR western; the West WA, I UG RA WH PT west nation; nationality — "PF AY RR, AES RR, RRR, RE RS musical instrument — IR AE, PEAT utensil to give an instrumental performance WRT AE it ERE BOR Eoaied to perform; to play to play a musical instrument to be accustomed to/habit 48D AR AAT, SRL, IT BR DEF ART -L1-21. 22. 23. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. AR wz A SE . FEL RAAB RAB Rie BR LE RE Ke At FEAR) on Br -120- 22 TE Adv VO/A Z2z22-za yuequ qu chuzuché chaza lushang huar gudqt zhaoxidngji zhaoxidng i pangbidn chiafa pian wénzhGng gongxi hudché you zhdaoji musical composition — REF HBG FR a BOR tune; melody taxi; cab AE, AB AL, FR A, Ha AE AE BL to hire; to rent on the road; on the way RE AY. 4 BEA, Be EES at flower 3E#E JL, SR 7B JL, 3EABIL, 7B JL in or of the past IEA MH At FAT AAT camera Fi} F RRADOL FRB to take a picture; to photograph machine side FLAY BIL , 09 BF, TAREE FB MBS He to set out; to start off ME Beth Re, MG JLB, FURR HH BE (a measure word for essays and articles) RATE , PT RE essay; article = 5 —fay CH, ACH, KH congratulations 4¢3-0K ,A8#eARE vain BAER FRA, AAR, KER again = ORMET , RA_EME, WIIG, Mii f —Pe to feel anxious/anxious — AFLAAL, NRE MBE, A «Chin Jiang Hud Yue Ye) (a famous, traditional Chinese music composition) chan jiang yue ye spring river moon nightZh FEE TA] Supplememary Words 1 pe N xiGoxué primary school 2. 48 M liang (a measure word for vehicle) 3. SRA N yinyuéting concert hall 4. $9% A xingfa happy 5. BFE IE wan shi rd yl May all your wishes come true. 6. & M tido (a measure word for long, narrow objects, such as trousers, skirt, snake, etc.) 7. 8G N shé snake 8. Ady Zul the most 9. a Vv tian to add 10. Jp N jiGo foot MW. % v wan to finish 12. A duoyi superfluous; uncalled for; surplus 13. Fs N zu foot D SEAR WPL EACH A? “Is it because the weather has now become colder that people in Beijing are hav- ng hotpot more frequently?” The paired conjunctions “fy JFFLL---” are used to connect two clauses in a complex cause-effect sentence. ‘The “ [| y” clause, which states the cause, usually omes first, and is followed by the “AFL” clause, which states the effect. One may also use only one of the two conjunctions in a sentence. For example: BAKARET PAWRARER, (BA )MEMRERE RS OR FEER— BIL, BA RRATAE AMA S , (PA) MAA RAE RR D ACHAEA, EEE, HT A UL “The people in Beijing just love hotpot, mostly boiled mutton slices, and they eat it even when the weather is hot.” The construction “--- fff{{8" is often used in the sentence as an adverbial of time similar to “when” and “while” in English), indicating the period of time when an -121-action or event takes place. “fIhf 4” can be preceded by a verb, a verbal phrase, or a subject-predicate phrase. For example: LGR A MAR, BMP ER AN SRR. EBERRON R, MST PRA HES FARM NE , LF BK. PALMA RGM, FE HORA AHS Q) WHE FLAK SUL, MAAR AA “(They) might also drive to the suburbs for fun, or they might go out to exercise.” The conjunctions “s%” and “WE” can both be used to connect two alterna- tives: “H&E” is used in the interrogative sentence, and “a#%” is normally used in the declarative sentence. For example: AME RRA RRRAR? HAR RAARA RARE] RAILS 9 ® BUI, BOR ILI! “Hey, Lin Na. You'd better hurry.” The expression “ij” is used to attract attention, to break in on a conversation, or to introduce a new topic for discussion. © Wa, PILE K)RT o “Oh, Moonlit Night on the Flowery Spring Riverside is extremely beautiful.” “Moonlit Night on the Flowery Spring Riverside” is a famous, ancient Chinese musical composition which depicts the beautiful scenery by the riverside on a moonlit night in spring, when all the flowers are in full bloom. © iy MM GLIE? “Where is my camera?” In Lesson Seven, we leamed how to form an elliptical interrogative sentence with “a”, and we know that what is asked in this type of question is made clear by the context. However, “Wé” can also be used to ask the location of a person or an object, without any dependence on the context, as shown in the question above. In this case, “NP+N@?” is equivalent to “NP 7£4$JL?” For example: -122-Hea LE? (= PRAISCREAEBBIL? ) KAR? C= KATEBBIL? ) D MAE! “Best wishes (for a happy New Year)! This literally means, “Congratulati This is an idiomatic expression used frequently for congratulating people on happs occasions; for example, “48 PUK!” or “ABT HBF!” Here, the ~ the same as “U4” in usage, except that “#4” is more formal. In the $ si Ph tival or on New Year's Day, we often say, “A¢#483%! " to extend our New Year's greetings (the word “$248” is not used this way). 8 MKT. “You are late again.” The adverbs “X"(1) and “F}"(1) both express the recurrence of an action or a state. “FE”(1) is used in a situation where the action or state has yet to recur, where- s “"(1) is normally used in a situation where the action or state has already occurred again. For example: WEFRT MRT FAR. (The action has yet to happen, so we cannot say ®@ “fthifi FFM. ”) WEERT, FLAT 6 (The action has already happened, so we cannot say ® “F/PHIET o ”) D Mae ERT MET “You have hired a taxi. That's great.” “nl #142” means “to hail or to hire a taxi”. 1, ROM RRA AT OTRAS 2. RAR AARAEALAD, MAM RAB ERB? 3. ARR bt 04 Bh SAA 4, HRM ILB RK, 5. RRRBT o 6. Aah RR ARAL? 7. HFG) RERS!1. 940 FAVA Master the following phrases (1) FEMA URW RRR RBM sesrebete (2 (3) (4) MAR tise LPR AR ARIA dah AR BRR EPSOM ROR weap ape Rep PMR AL RHR RaRoae BB JL 84 BAR PES AR OR KALA LAR OPA APTA AR FRAT ROR RAR EERE AOR BATH MA Rg WAR RAPA RH RARR RATCRM) RAT (AEA R) ARARERA RMATHD DM RABAT RABSLER FER ERIE (WEAR IR (MEAT -REF FT Oh base ARR RRKT REPT RATT RAT RET -ARRFE RET —H Hie 2. AHR Pattern drills C1) BPEMABA MILI RBLEABR ALBA, ne ae | EFEBEAF EH? BA ate EF. EAH ayiy RAF SREB | fe | HERP AHEM ve (2) tap A OTA ARIAT? AD IRM ARLE LaF, RRM AL BMERB KHIL BAB PLIET EGER MAAR DRE BR -124-(3) RAR BY AR, RoatLre K 45? RR ATA Mewes KB (4) HRURAAA PRET? AM FREFRLET. Ue tt AM RB? HAF FRE. eee ers MARS BEA? sek (5 | 5 REBART. | om ERR A a WEA RIL TK. 3E IL 04 & AB BRA ERR RT we BAA BIL SB ARIL RE-HLE | RRS RAR | FER SMR KAP Lo 3. YR2E18 Bh Classroom activity This game is to be played by two groups of students. The students in “Group A” (6 WAN ZRARR MBA? AACR EK HARARE MBS. ) ask ten questions regarding the five previous lessons, using “y{f4”, and the students in “Group B” answer these questions, using “PA24-fifLL+--”. The scoring method is as follows: each time that Group B gives a correct answer, they will get one point; if they give an incorrect answer and Group A can then give the correct answer, Group A will get the point, instead. When all ten questions have been asked, the two groups reverse roles, so that Group B asks a new set of ten questions. The group with the higher score wins. -125-4. S1G45) Conversation exercises (IARI Asking for reasons] C1) A: 296, C4 BH AAR ER? Br RRR ILG TR, Pb # (xiGoxud) wa LAR LGR, A: ILM AERA BRALAFI? Br, FRAT OR RRA DRILL IIE (2) A: SRRE ARAL RI Br BARRR)KT BRO RA RAE T . Cy RAR, RB RAR T HIT ° (AEE Hurrying somebody up] (1) A: AH, Aha I, B: $-F, Rte MA! 1 2? RR, : RAIL, RRRT, 2 ATRL? (2) > REERAP HR, ERADPR, HHA, 2 ST AA SE ABIL I 2 AAT AR JUS 2 BRE 2 A307" RT ee! : (To the bus driver) Jp, i —F . (3) DPF PF FF De Pe De -126-(4) A: R,RRMASAA BD? B: 2M. GML? A: RAGS FRB SA BSR, RRM (ling) hs B: 2 A: RAK KIT (yinyueting), HA AE TER IL? B: RAM,#-BILHAl, “Bi4EMLER New Year's greetings] (1) A: af -P3r! B: ! (2) A: BUR BF RAR! B: MMS R$ 78 (xingfu)! (3) A: REARS! B: RB af 4 —# F #40 & (wan shi ru yi)! 5. MAU Describe the following pictures -127-6. 3€hR4J Communication practice (1) Tell your friend about what people eat and do to celebrate the New Year in your hometown. (2) You are waiting for your friend to get ready to go to the park. What would you say to hurry him/her up? (3) You are in a hurry to get to the concert hall; how do you tell this to the taxi driver? i ke ws TRAM A AB IG MARS TRAY RAM, BK FORALL? —/E ABA DE: “BUN ALA AB — & (tiGO) 98 (SHE), HF He (Zul) PATA AR EH IH? A RAI UT,” HOA IE Hs BE ABNER AG BAYA GARE REE SL UAT RAT IRM GRRS T! AREA MH, RA SER (tian) _E Bp (jido) FDRG T - BIL, ARH AA SB E(WON)T RM RAR, ee AG TRAE HANA GARE RERGET RRA TI. LAB RRM, PWM MRPAR MAR aaa SERA Ae We AAS Hi RR. RP IH RR, RAK. KRM CRAN, SUD RRIB, ” AAMT S & (Guoyt) 09 FIL, sh my“ oe RR ZU)”, Bae aed 1. RBA FAVA HAA RMA The six basic functional components of a Chinese sentence The basic functional components of a Chinese sentence are the subject, the predicate, the object, the attributive, the adverbial, and the complement. We have already learned that a noun, a pronoun, or a noun phrase can all function as the subject. In addition, a verbal phrase, an adjectival phrase, or a subject- predicate phrase may also serve as the subject. The predicate is usually composed of -128-a verb, an adjective, a verbal phrase, or an adjectival phrase. A subject-predicate phrase or a nominal phrase can also serve as the predicate. The subject usually precedes the predicate. For example: REPL AHH fe RLETS Aa) RI RE c&vt. FAS ee, Ro RIL KKK. BANA A aR HH? When the context is clear and unambiguous, the subject is often omitted. Some- times the predicate can also be omitted. For example: AP ER TH? (A) FRT HAT A? —A(HiaK), The object is usually placed after the verb. We have leamed that the object is usually composed of a noun, a pronoun, a nominal phrase, a verbal phrase, or a subject- predicate phrase. For example: WATS. RADI. KH KA) ATA. te BL. RAABHEAKT. Some verbs may have two objects. For example: WB IB? RAI APLAR, The attributive is mainly used to modify a noun and must be placed before the element that it modifies. We have learned that an adjective, an adjectival phrase, a noun, or a pronoun often functions as the attributive. In addition, a verb, a verbal phrase, -129-or a subject-predicate phrase can also serve as the attributive (refer to Lesson 14 in the Workbook for Volume 1). The adverbial is used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, or a whole sentence. The adverbials that we have already leaned are mainly composed of adverbs. In addition, time nouns, prepositional phrases, and adjectives can also be used as adverbials. For example: eNLaA T RANE A AB-RE. WAR F FRR EN! UMIRILE RAK 6 PAIR Ro The complement is a sentence component placed after a verb or an adjective to give additional information about that verb or adjective. For example: AMORA 9 (the complement of state) FBA HR) RBH WRAL, RANMA! (the directional complement) te FAT? BULB TAA AA (the time-measure complement) 4e(%) PASLBAST UT, SLAP EL Ay GARE ER AY ABAD (the complement of quantity) REGED BIL, BHR EAT. (the complement of degree) RAMEE S T RAET TRRBT. (the resultative complement) 2. SUtIHIA)(1) Sentences with a verbal predicate (1) The following is a summary of the kinds of sentences in which the verb is a major element of the predicate: (1) Sentences with “J” HARA EA, RGAHAP LH, (2) Sentences with “#4” BN RA ZT BEI -130-WAKA (3) Sentences without an object BALAK AI, Sentences with a single object Hee RMR SHB (5) Sentences with double objects WEL — HG RSH BIL, (6) Sentences with a verb or a verbal phrase as the object REF BLM A RAR KB RBI BMRB, Sentences with a subject-predicate phrase as the object RAF WER BE, RHF LR RR EER. (8) Sentences with serial verb phrases EH HERE, ERR REG HERE? Pivotal sentences Ahi BL IR. FAG FH LI a 10) The “#%” sentence RRL FILET . Fi teil fo BK, WieP RERTQ (4 qd 9 1. 3L5FHVIS72K (6) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (6) ‘The pictophonetic method (2): In this method, a character is formed by placing the ‘mponent indicating the sound on the left side and the component indicating the seaning on the right side. For example: 4,1, ) 4,40, 81,94, #1, a8, op. -131-2. UWSRAMF Leam and write basic Chinese characters at) AH wan pill 3 strokes (2) Wh \neAh® qi melody 6 strokes 3. USVOC'P ALF Lear and wirte the Chinese characters appearing in the text (1) K4% hudgud (.k48) e7F+ass7 12 strokes (2) BA yinwei (A 4) A>rO+nk 6 strokes (3) #]-#& shudnyangrou hl > 7 + Fo+t P + | 11 strokes A> +A A 6 strokes (4) #&ré (Ak) Bm e+ tte 10 strokes (5) 28K jidoqd (48 B) a> B+ fh 8 strokes RK—> [+k 4 strokes (6) 84 hudzhé Rome Dee 8 strokes — FF X) (7) 404 hudzhuGng (404) Wo> f+ 4 strokes tka fd tk 6 strokes -132-8) Ram minzu Ro +r + & 11 strokes 9) RS yuedi (48S) BS T+ B+ Kt DWF D watrokes A (chunzitou) ~ 7 =FA 5 strokes 10) #%# yanzou o>] tt et BE A th atrokes ROR+E 9 strokes HR guan + 9 = fH (Note: pay attention to the difference between “a” and “##".) 11) JM xiguan (Fi) Ro + ++ 11 strokes 4 strokes 12) #@JL huar fir 4 7 strokes 13) RRA ZhdoxidngiT (AR ABHE) wd > #+ 8 9 strokes 14) #3 pangbian (4 ie) Ome 10 strokes A(bidnzil) | QAwRw 5 strokes 15) # pian feo“ + P+ 15 strokes ~133-(16) 33% wénzhang = > Rt ¥- 11 strokes Ay ¢shoxinaty Ja ah ay 4 strokes (17) 4&8 gongxi RoR + 10 strokes (18) #4 zhdoji (#4) Ro-F +4 11 strokes Aare eae 9 strokes Ryezit) 7 7 IR 4 strokes (19) (#278 AK)(Chin JiGng HuG Yue Ye) RO AL+ SA 9 strokes mo y+ 6 strokes (iid Bat, Cultural Holidays and Festivals in China 8 strokes Besides National Day (October Ist) and International Labour Day (May Ist), which are the two major official holidays celebrated all over the country, there are many oth- jonal holidays and festivals in China. tival (Chinese New Year's Day) falls on the first day of the first month on the Chinese Tunar The Spring F lendar (usually in January or February of the solar calendar), and the day before it is chinese New Year's Eve. The Han people and other ethnic minorities in China all celebrate the Spring Festival, with such activities as setting off firecrackers (now prohibited in some cities), pasting chunlian (couplets match- ing each other in sound and meaning, written on red paper) on the door, extending New Year’s greetings to each other, and performing the yangge (literally, “rice seedling -134-song”) dance and the lion dance. The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the Yuanxiao Festival. also known as the Lantern Festival or Shang Yuan Festival. The special food for this festive day is called yuansiao, a ball-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice flour with sweet sesame or meat stuffing. Qing Ming (Clear and Bright) Festival is on the fourth or fifth day of April. This 's the time of year when people go out to the tombs and memorials to pay tribute to the dearly departed and national heroes. Duan Wu or the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month (June of the solar calendar). This is a festival dedicated to the memory of Qu Yuan, the great poet-statesman from the state of Chu during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC). Legend has it that after Qu Yuan drowned himself in protest against the corrupt government of Chu’s king, people feared that Qu Yuan’s body might be eaten by the fish in the river. So they wrapped up glutinous rice with bamboo leaves, and taking these dumplings, they raced each other in their boats to the place where Qu Yuan had died. They threw the dumplings into the river to feed the fish, so as to keep Qu Yuan’s body from harm. Later, the of wrapping glutinous rice in bamboo leaves evolved into the tradition of preparing a special food called zongzi for this festival. The boat race to save Qu Yuan’s body was the origin of the dragon boat race, which is held on this day, every year. The Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month (September of the solar calendar), is also known as Family Reunion Day. This is a time when the whole family enjoys getting together to look at the full moon, and to eat delicious moon cakes.Sing a song at 1= °E HK Al] WE-ARA tk, I-A Hi He, WAR HE, SAR Fi Tk, W-ARAA HE, SAE Fk, + it te FF Bt GA t: FF Sih and €; | oF beth Ait RAD F EW 8H AIL B REO R RR Vi BK RED RR kw Vin KE + + + —- SS eR 4, ae ae is. a -136-wQvV“-~7 oo "The reporter, Lu Yuping, carries out an interview to find out how the | Foreign Students’ Soccer Team won over the Chinese College Students’ © Soccer Team. In this lesson, we will leam how to emphasize the time and | location of past events, and the manner in which they have occurred, and “also how to talk about directions and locations. B—t+—iR Lesson 21 FETA A EAT EY m3 --N eevee BOF: WHERE eee Ne PADRT HH vv vvV NS ROE. RAH — - 42 NN INN Fs LE BF BEE RRA BIL, vv vo TAR: KAT. MAES fii 0? VN ev ove cNOVN NV vee Ne BOF: RUG PHY METRIC, ROR vous N47 env evs AAT AL. ARATE HARIRI R09?TAR: BB: EDA: THR: ER: BOF ER: THR: mF: -138- VoN Ne ee Nee PAAR IR P BA FEA AY Me fry (SRLS oo Hb) ARAN RAE BIL HG IE 2 Emphasizing the time and location of past events RPM FRUR A PASE A AAR He A Bye? ® vevy ea Reni k-ercsns ST eo RE, AFAR RALAE EVRY, a Bere tt ZARA RIA RAG? ANNAN eee SAN ov Ree WREAAD RAF RA RAEBORRT VG, ARE veeeovas QRER EAR ® Lees Se ovv oy LAN vv REARS 10 SHAR, AH 5S Hoi 12S vA FARR RS Va MATE FAA?NNN Fee v Nene TH: MIAH RMA BRR, AMBRE - ~ (HURT EE TTalkine ES ARATE A 2a xin ern \vvoyv I a 2 2 TAK: EH 00, FAAS BATE T RZ 160 ah + ial New Words LAR N duiyudn team member FRA THIBARR AZ AIBA RFRA BEAR, SOAR HM RTA BR N dui team — ATTA, BEATOA, PER BA, AE EDM TEE BEBA 2. AA A buténg different ARMA, AANA AA FRE TE] , AS LG a, AN ALY Bi 3. AR N guojia country FABACEAE, FRAT DAR, —F BR, BTR 4. Bh Vv ying to win Beimk, (ak. BA AT BT A 5. M chang match; set; (a measure word for sports, films, performances) —3# 1% , L-E%H, FEA 6. RR N zugia soccer ALERBA, ALERUA 5, FEE, — 3 FARR R N za foot BR N qi ball $TER, ARR, BET —TR 7. OR NV _ bisdi match/to compete; to have a match ABE, — AIRE, RT SE, HOPE ALER, BR BY AEE BA LEE R NV sdi race; match/to compete; to race RERIE,AET Hy RRR 8. Ae N tongxué classmate; schoolmate Rf |FIa A We, BAe Ae, Be, Ae -139-jizhé reporter, —V/iLiDH HW AVIS , Hh Hl we daxuéshéng university student; college student KEI —A/TAAEE BA AE xuéxido, school FATEBE, ER, AZ HE BR FRDAE shulping level KABA AUSF PHB IAF TAF SWAP jidolian coach APE BA, BROWSE, ABB qunian last year MESA, ERE ET EAE yihou after; afterwards 37 LUGE T DUE, FEW tigao to improve; to increase #25 #78 HR, BRAY BA ti to lift ti to kick ELAR BAR, BARE zudbian the left side ZEW ABA, Ze HB, RR, BM, ERR zud left youbian the right side Aw H BA, AWE BF RA CRE you right v VoNN Nee eves BOF: KEK AA: MANE RAW RST IY BF -140-EVR: B+: TA: TAR: EPH: THAR: . ooN aN eeneny NS Neary AT BTEFRRL, RERRABS ALO EB) - NN LN B,KAEAF HR. v vv . WARE AZK A? v Vv eves - NNN vee Neve PNNREBKAFEH, FRED RHA. FRAG VNvinve - NN ee EB, BEWALD AH MAG RT. © Loves ABIL & A$? VV ANN Ne vee ve eR Le BG, AFRF LRA DER AURA HE, WES -NEN NN ae vas SNe Ne WRB. BARR OMA, KAMETENSRAR SL 4vae boa. (ort) ; ° Talking about direction and BF RKC? locatign SN 4 eave vey MEBT EKA 56 FAR, MAS AVALAM, SULET, -141-ER: TAR: eT: yeony 2 BE AM IL? 4aNN ev No AN ven «ae BERETA ESRB TRA, Eh EIA-PAMES, EAL MAT RES RE — BLED RAB wharer Na FAR tH oNfN RIL HT, ia New Words 1. AR N dongbian cast side AGH, RAR, RRR TEP BRT AR mR N dong east (EAE 28 Prep It away; off; from AEB, AEBUL, ABIL, SRG 3. A yuan far ANG AGE AR HE, RE SRR KE 4. 748+ KR N huGyudn xiGoqd garden district m4 Ze BH NK ETE ye 7648 N huayuan garden fz g& N qa district; section; area “EBEK 9 eK -142-5. AA 4b Hs . Eid FA . 2 Ia] BA BIE . AGS = 2s 2< chézhan qianbian qian gudi xiabian xia shddian shangbian shang pingfangmi pingfang mi weishéngjian weishéng kéting béibian béi woshi wo waibian yangtdi bus stop front; ahead HAAG TINA, TER) RH, RBA ets aa front; ahead; forward 4: AifiE totum = E4518, FEATS EARS. TEBE below; underneath EF, FE FW, eB PL, PAAR iA, PAR down; under bookstore SAIC above; over; upward = _E V/A, ALWAYS, TUE) BR) PEAS F bi upper; up Exe square meter 56 52 Fp, BH TAKA 100 IK square meter 56, 449K washroom; bathroom = —7S 44/8], — TREE Fe) , FB) TE fe} hygiene; health living room — ET Ae JT, KREIT north side {bw HF, BE IALI, TAG ATER At north = JER, Fede , ALS bedroom = — Vfl , THIEME, — Te to lie on one’s back outside — HN SUL ASA BSW baleony = —4SFH “VK -143-ED FEAL TA] Supplememary Words 1. 2. Sad 2A Yaw Bl porte AE wid RR we ia att RE hi eM aie RF - bak wh . ak . ABE TRA . BF 16. AI N dianyingyuan N kaféiguan N nanbian N zaqiuchang v chichai N houbian v sha N tiantang PN Sa Hang PN Suzhéu PN Hangzhou N chéngshi N shanshul N shan N yuanlin Vv xidjian N shirén Vv shéji N jianzhusht D BEMG A YT EBAY “T heard it from your classmates.” ple: 2"; for example: cinema coffee bar south (side) soccer field to go on a business trip back; behind to lose heaven; paradise Suzhou and Hangzhou Suzhou Hangzhou city landscape hill; mountain garden; park to build; to construct poet to design architect Students in the same class or the same school call each other “Tal“#”; for exam- -144- “ft A Ee A” , GRR AE” eqT". Teachers or other people also call students “|iDH EAE AE BA AYRE EL i ATT mE 2 “Isn’t the level of the Chinese College Students’ Team higher than yours?” In addition to softening the tone in sentences expressing persuasion. a request, or an order, the modal particle “if” can also be used in interrogative sentences to denote a tone of estimation or uncertainty. For example: RAGKA URRLAZAA th 8 Wve? PRETHAG EC? KEKRT RAC? 3) ROBART WUE EAE BLINK BR “Ever since this coach arrived, the College Students’ Team has improved rapidly.” The word “LJ je” refers to a time later than the present time or a specific moment. It functions in sentences as an adverbial modifier. Besides being used by itself, “De” (as well as “Lit”, which we will study in the next lesson) can also be used together with nouns, verb phrases, subject-predicate phrases, and so on, to form phrases. For example: “ELE, FAELUA, FFE”. It not only can describe things in the past, but also things in the future. For example: AUGURVLE BG 2 BPH AIR, VAs RAIA 28 FD BG D EH 0 EO. PRATHER TPR JE 1 EL Om. “The score was 0 to 0 in the first half of the game. In the second half, they ‘helped’ us score a goal. Then it was 1 to 0, and we won.” The word “Li” here indicates the score of the two competing sides or teams. One may use “JLELJL? ” to ask about the score. D BF EEA. “The house is to the east of the school.” Chinese people are accustomed to using “Ai, UG. Tf. 4” to denote direction and location. For example: “*#BeAi0, DPW. CER BEILI”. As well, “Ii, a, 2, 4” can also be used to denote direction and location. For example: “#/FAUi, Bh Bru, WEA”. -145-“It’s not too far from the school.” The preposition “7” often forms a prepositional phrase with a noun of place: “BE + PW”. Placed before a verb or an adjective, it indicates distance. For example: BEERS ZAMS. RM BEE PART K A, We have previously leaned that: “/E-+PW” denotes the place where an action happens; “)\+PW” denotes the starting point of an action; “#+PW” denotes the direction towards which an action moves. OF PLEAS FE RTE Sh RBS RET “After getting off the bus, turn right first, and walk straight ahead for three min- utes, then you will arrive at building no. 8.” The adverb “#f}"(2) may indicate that an action starts after another action finishes (The adverb “3” is often inserted before the first verb to form the construction “Jt +Ff--"), or after a certain situation or time. For example: AMLRAG ABEL, ALARL, RUBHAE, + RTH AR RAAB RRA. ARATE FE ABIL He EHS 2 WREAK RAF RG . BURAK EH HH BFE FRRKE, | FARR LEE, BAW ASDA RSA SRT _ -AFRFAR-P DER, ALA-P HE. ELE ABT Rid, Bb Sp wA—-PAMS, 9. BERK? AnNpHWNS oo -146-1. 3432 T PSG Master the following phrases C1) +aAG FN RUG -EBRYAG BDAME ATG STAB RT MT Re RAVE BRAG LRUG DRG BRAM NUS KIRGOAR RTOARAG RAT KEG (2) 8% BER BBS BAD Hh Blew BAF Bl WARE KEMPE BA RARRRKE BP AAA AE HE (3) ARPBR WRAL QITRLARE HT eBHS ET FAKE ADEA AER, AAW AM AAS APBRE REIL 4) Re RGR REMAML A Z 190410 A BH e a REBRRH RAMEKEH RARVHH LARP HS RERKAF KH AALHYH ARARAKRERAW BAKA (5) WRA-+AR ABA-DAA HAA-+HH LUBAHEZ 2URAZ HUANG KURBS LURE FURLAAWHBT SAE SLY BPAMAMG RY AZEDRABSERAD (6) PARMARE MANAG KERK HT BRAGFARM RH 2. HF Pattern drills (1) HE BETA? WEBRT, kh LEME £9 HURT A BER HOH? KRG LF Ei ae HOMER, SR F300 BRAT HAKGE, HEL, Be E49:00 Aa -147-(2) RAMBLAS? an ame RRA ERRY. hk BBR RRRR-RRH? = — HR IRATE — A RH ra gar (3) MEARE T RH? ae KE WEDRET =a ers HG L EHH? ERNE RE WREAK EA +e Ae (4) BNET? #9 oo eulepamiial on eR HEAT ARATE Ho Pak RRR FRB FPR eH BH (5) BAMAZAB? mé Rik hb LAWMAALL, Asp, Be bw Fi BR we ABIL He kd BD (6) BER HAH A? REF me RWLA-SEB. Wee BE HAR EARRK? WH Rab Ep BARAK. Beek we -148-(7) FRED PAG? | BRT BEF APOE 0 Ate aa FHF FL Op By ALB IL? TRAE EB Ah YS Ay HE i BHR HD BB RRM ! % AIL KiB? RRB, (8) FRAWRHALA? | ey tv rtaonyeenen | FRRLRERB. | pay seit 4B (kOFBiguén) #34 (ndnbian) & 3&4 (zugitchdng) | 3. BR2LI8 Bh Classroom activity As a reporter, interview your classmate or teacher about some specific thing that has happened in the past, using the construction “---(i”. For example, Ms. Chen’s mother was sick, so she went to Xi'an to visit her. ‘Three days later, she returned to Beijing by train with her friend. 4. S845) Conversation exercises Rie it Hs 19 Mf [8] AL Talking about the time and location of past events | C1) A: BRFSS T 2 B: A _ __ = A: Roe Sp th Fag re? Br xt, Ab, %, Ar HOR AE MBIL we E85? B: 16k a, (2) AMR AMARA? BARABRATD BIE? B: aT BET MRA. RB LH, -149-Pro > wD > MRE RA? s RREKA RH 2 ARR AAT HE? AR, RIAA Rh Z (ChochGi) a, RABIUESR, > KAT! REAM IY? REAMIL WH? i RE BRR HAAR, RATT BES FL, (i877 4% Talking about direction and location ] (1) A: B: A: B: (2) -150- PRP PPP PP ee ee DD wD ERAFRAD? RMM—#50FFROHRF, RE-T. A,B RA-KSS FARM ARO W, FRARIE, BRAN RR, ARLE AR? ALAR b RARUA-DKAD,WURARA-AKBY, DE FURLRKAASS. ABU? : AT, TE Be Ae JG 3k (hOubian), Ke Be Hah 3h Ay AR Az FoR A, 1 BRGY? SABA, : BAR RIL BBA, Bb Bis, RRAGRTER, LWBHS 2 BE MB ILE BAL ALE, BH OEAR, 2 Bh? ABA SS AA IT whi (ndnbian), Ashes weA-AMS, + QILALA WMS? BA iW -y— BIL, : ENEAWMRLEPAR, 2 HFC, KAAS BORA Aa (1) A (2) > PP Pe ee Asking about direction” 2 HEAD, ap By AMR IL? B: 2 RITE, BLA — AS a BB 2 : A AAT PART aR aA. 2 HAAG SRA, KAR AEBIL, RL foil, RB 2H EAD REAR? 2 BAILA 945 BERRA, SEBS EH. FRG A, BE A. , HO PAPRA To 2 HTS UR FF ELSE Talking about sports matches ] : ERAS ARR TH? A Br RA HIRI? As PEAT A RAR ISR IPE A BRR, B: A: B NADA TB? : far(shU) TF! 02, WAAERARE FT HHUA, MEATS RAE ZB AG IR AEA HE? 5. MBs Describe the following pictures At MEMRHAA Bak & a -151-BRB > RAWMAET = BF ERBS > KEE _ , Eb Ee , BAH. BAMFRAKK, -#A_ A RGB REPER , RFR dn DRA - SKB BE Be RA fo i. 6. 3€5R4J Communication practice (1) You heard that one of your classmates went to Europe, so you inquire of the other students about the specific details concerning his or her departure. (2) Inquire about the birthdays and birthplaces of at least 5 of your friends, (3) You become acquainted with a new friend. You invite him or her to see your family as a guest. You describe to him or her the surroundings of the place where you live and the layout of your house. eliension and P: Pas AE bal PRA KI EARS (tiantng), FA RA(SO HOng). "FBR WM Ae dt 3K FH ARK (Chéngshi) RASH K. CMAMAP Daa, e PR AAA”, EAA SAM ILIE? ——HeM #4 db 2 (shGnshul) 4o HH -152-a) KC yuanlin) , RM AAAS. AE MRR MARAT At6 38 CMGiON ) 8, BARB AL AR AIL, ARH BK Oh 5 PAH AARG FH AKRA-H, PAM BARES, Z irk 40 Bh 05 5 7 05 AHH Ih, AMG ADP ORE ‘HR GR fo i$ A (shirén ) Hit (sheil) 4, BAH DAH AIG (jlanzhUsht ) git) , RAE 1149 LARA A A aa banana 1. “J&---BY” A] The construction “J2---fy” The construction “J---¥)” can be used to emphasize the time and location of past events, and the manner in which they have occurred. The word “ji” is placed before the part to be emphasized (sometimes it can be omitted), and the “fig” is placed at the end of the sentence. The negative form is “7JE---{i" . 7 . «an | Word(s) indicating eae Subject fe time, place or manner | Y ° ay te RX AF & ., ARAN & BP wee "8? FATA AR x DIRE & a, t zz &4 foi | RABI) 04? BAIT RR Bee |e KAR | Some sentences with a verb as the predicate simply express that a certain thing has happened in the past. The meaning of this kind of sentence is different from that of a sentence with “z---ffJ” as predicate. Compare the following: 40% ££ R04, (emphasizes that the time when he came was last year ) S4WKT. — (tells generally what happened last year ) The sentence with “fe---ff” can also be used to emphasize purpose, function, and origin. For example: BARAR IAAT 88 RAAF MAIL, -153-2. F7 fii] Location words The words “i”, “shi” . “Jew”. “aw”. “bab”. “Fa”, “A”. a”. “Ri”. “Ww”. “AW”. and “4ti” are all nouns expressing direction and location and can function as subject, object, and attributive. ‘They can als modified by attributives. For example: BLAH? OR Ey AE AT i EDHKERAM QB PAARSA, Notes: (1) When a location word functions as an attributive, the word “#4” must be placed after it, For example: “ 34 AY4i, WMA 7EDE”. When a location word functions as a central word, “fy” is not usually used before it. For example: “Bf BiH TAG” - 2) The word “iH13)" cannot be used after the name of a country, a place or a workplace. For example, one may only say “fe H#f3]/4L3R", but we cannot say @ “PeEA/ACR ALD” one may only say “FRAEHEIGLATT(E” , but we cannot say @ “REP RRL” - 3. SERTFTEHY/A]F Sentences indicating existance We have learned that in order to indicate that a certain person or thing exists in certain direction or location, the word “7g” is often used as the main verb of the predicate. The subject of this kind of sentence is usually a person or thing that existe: the object is usually a noun or a phrase expressing direction or location. (Phrase indicati § (Phrase indicating persons Ve" | © Phrase indicating location) | or things that exist) KR zm | oid, KABBT &z AFRABB? Be Re BT Hates, | In order to indicate the meaning of “in a certain direction or location, there exists a certain person or thing”, the words “#j” or “J&” are usually employed as the main verb of the predicate. The subject of this kind of sentence is usually a nour or a phrase expressing direction or location; the object is usually a person or thing that exists. -154-S (Phrase indicating location) | V“#j"/“ jt.” ee tiie tat we Bh shit a | AKG. DE BIA aa | 29%. we wea | hab? | Bie z | Rit A, Be Re RR | BAIA, Ae x iB? Note: There are two differences between sentences that use “f=” or “#j” to indicate existence; (1) A sentence with “#4” only denotes what exists in a certain place, while a sentence with “J” not only indi tes that a certain thing exists in a certain place, but also further specifies what that thing is. (2) The object of a sentence indicating existence with “#7” is usually a general reference, while the object of a sentence indicating existence with “JE” is usually a specific reference. Therefore. we can say “PART A—TMEBE"; but we cannot say @ “ANWAR TEBE”. Instead, we should say “P45 18 ATW EIR ATEBE” or “SUE Bete AH aT”. 1. (LF AYYF3E(7) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (7) The pictophonetic method (3): In this method, a character is formed by placing the component indicating meaning on the top, and the component indicating sound at the bottom. For example: 7, 4 2. ALSGHAWF Leam and write basie Chinese characters mF J Ju Xu fan every 3 strokes Sop 2) SRF eB chén official under a feudal ruler 6 strokes -155-3. USWX'H WME Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) RK buténg A-N+—-+e 6 strokes (2) & ying (Fi) mob +7+ A+ Mt 17 strokes A(sdizyao) ~ = © * eR 7 strokes (3) HER bisdi (tk R) RO > 4K 4M 14 strokes (4) PH xuéxido (44%) Bot +B 10 strokes (5) VA yihou (24) i7yr+ot+e 6 strokes (6) #% tigdo Bop irkd 12 strokes (7) & tT Yrez+natiDA 15 strokes (8) #3 zudbian (£i#) Bret 5 strokes (9) #i& yOubian (#i#) a y+D 5 stroke: (10) & Ii (a) Bm + hes 10 strokes -156-11) 3 yudn(z#) Bar H+ 7 strokes 12) 4 gudi Hott ast 8 strokes 13) 21a) wéishéngjian (44 Bl) Eo Pee 3 strokes 14) Eb} woshi (Eb =) ERK > B.+ fF 8 strokes 15) Fa yangtai (% ¥) fa BF +4 6 strokes $-htiv 5 strokes Ba Cultural Not Sports in China China has traditional sports such as martial arts, wrestling, qigong, and high-swing- ing. Among these, martial arts is also called “Chinese gongfiu” by foreigners. ‘The main function of Chinese martial arts is to improve one’s health and increase one’s strength, Modern sports started very late in China, but developed very rapidly. China's first world record was established by the weight lifter, Chen Jingkai, in 1956. Table tennis, badminton, gymnastics, diving, and middle and long-distance races are Chi- na’s strongest sports. In the World Championships of Table Tennis in 1982, China won all the first and second-place titles. In the 1980's, the Chinese Women’s Vol- leyball Team won the championship five times in a row in the World Cup Competi- tion and other international competitions. China achieved the worldwide third-place ranking at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, for both the number of gold medals they won and their total number of overall medals. Up to now, Chinese athletes have won 1317 world champions, setting 1026 world records. In 2008, the twenty-nineth Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. -157-Did you know that in addition to the Beijing opera there are diverse regional operas, such as the Shaoxing opera? Do you know the renowned classical Chinese novel, Dream of the Red Chamber? In this chapter, Song Hua and Lin Na will tell you about these subjects. You will also lear how to comment on your past experiences, how to make an appointment with somebody, and how to express your opinions on various topics. $8 —+=i® Lesson 22 WBA cNOVNO NNO RH AM, HARARE AT? Ck A ZO KOM: RA. APRS RGLAKE RA, AU—KEA, aN ‘ LN oevn os oes 5 REREAD PRAAALRAl, UROL, A FDA LRT 2 -158—* * aK >» » a : ERMA. RAM RHE? . NNN Rove NM eS RD RRR 2 OM AMAR PA BAAR, ENA LB RAY, NNN FEN NN CV Fey LAE RRA RB LIER), D \vorves vv ve SON Nee > ERC) h? AIT! Apolo) A OAS VVVe- V NR FR RR Le HEAD AAL—B, LARCH, \vvevios + IEE DHE ZA? veove SN nes REA DHE OY TEAR HE RAS VV VAN FNS aaK vvves : BARBRA KERRI)? RA BRE. <> [42] Making an appointment or - VN Na ‘ ‘ a date with someone N fev eves NNvv tev een ay : RAARLE RA, BURT RE BAAS H+ 3H, ven oe LS xan > RAE KREAR EB, APR AMILI vs FENN NN FO RV NNN : RAW, KRARKS CONIA, RALGIHHL, "AINA HS, -159-v OM: HF, WAR, ve idl New Words 1 it 2. ALB Bl 3. BR 4 42 5. AA 6. WAR a -160- AsPt N Conj Conj Z guo yueju ju suiran danshi jutuan difangxi xi shangyan yan giidiain xiGoshud bian bu diging giishi (indicating a past experience) #it , WF AY, 5, Ret, Bat the Shaoxing opera @ititHl, #it— DORE, — SiR, TARE opera; dramatic work; play although; though but; whereas; yet opera troupe; theatrical group EH, SAA, — 7 regional opera 4% 377 AR 3h 7 REAL drama; play; show 3K, WFR AXE, WITT AYRE, — SHAR to stage a show; to perform _/WitR FE, LWA, ERO to act; to perform; to play $x, wel MY BOE RI classical EUR MUR AH He RE EMI novel; fiction # Pi, S/)ik, Bit— ik ABE, SUD BE number of times (of action) —jii, JL 28 Fie Wie (a measure word for films, works of literature) — 6), BBL Tove StH i REHM, AAT AEE story; tale StH ACaE, EAE AYRE , PROARTBOR UBF BOE, — a AoW14, RA A gdnrén touching; moving RAYA BRA BEAR AEWA, BGR A IRA 15. BAR N zudwéi seat #F/RE( 7A EAI, —S ELIE 16. HE N pai line; row EHR, HE JLHE 7. Bi N_ xibian west side EPG , BE BEPEW , AEA fl A PU ANB 18. 4789 vo ddadi to take a taxi —i@dT AY FT ANSE SEAT HK AY 19. WL Vv jian to see; to meet with SLi, FEIL AR SL, F BSL APART, 20. KARE PN Chang’Gn Da XiyuGn the Chang'an Theatre RE N xiyuan theatre 21. (Sr 7R HF) PN Honglou Méng) Dream of the Red Chamber EDR CALARS ) BA — RU (ZOE) ¥ N meng dream (UBS , FBS, — BE, RADE a orm ws comments Ro Be MARPAC AAD) EAH? SR. » verevn ys veo. v veovowes HOM BORA AAA RAR. AE BRAT. RILAPAUL OH RAPALA RUB RUBIA HE -161-* + ral +e a 48 -162- ve ove vues vvvsees yvvy TEDAEARAT METAL IE A oil, ARP VAT HB BG AL CIR KMAGRARAKAE, MER KMAA, WITLAR Ve NV VM ov ER VV NNR ere Nv RA, TLR RRS AE. PRUE USSR EYER HE, - eee Vive ovis -v 2 HHL LA RA RIRGS A MLA HAE? VVN AN eV Nv ee vs cere : an, RAPA RAAB OHMS, AT AAR NN VOR EN NN ENN voeN wu ee AD LALA (LRA LSP BM, AKRAM AA AS - oe NV VN LD veN e vv > PHRMA ASAMMR AGA ARESBM—RE NaN a -4 «NV BLK, ANAK R AUR 5 1 A ZA : RS MAA KP RA, AE SP YP A SRR FRA, DERM A MALS KA A OALAR RA, ® vvueo« VN 24 e ee PRR VO : RA-TMA, URED SFE MHA EAL,Vir eee NS 44 eR RB: REMARAHUIPD SFA BRA, HRA BKB A oF aA, Ve 4 Vv NN EN VN NNN RFR, RB REA A, TRAE AT BARA ARE vovowy vvve =e NaN RA, MORTAR. TALS TT, HEB © & eT SHE 8S REAR MN HR aq = _ ee LAR Adv céngldi alll along; always JORMA HL, SOBA TLE JER BE, SABA BEL 2.34 Pr zhéme so; such; like this KARA 3%4 BY LARA RARD KAEK, BRAK BARE 3. 2A N zhujué leading actor or actress PA +E 48, HA CE HEM KEM 4, Ae Hi] Ady tebié extraordinary; especially; particularly SERRA REBUT PERSE AES LAP BEIK, BAL -163-5. HX 6. 7. VAT 8. 9. AE 10. #PR ci 1. A 12. 77] 13. Aa 14. XE Pr youméi fénggé yiqian ydnyuan juésé zhongleéi zhong difang fangwén youde nan graceful; fine; exquisite; elegant 4 INE ARR RRR AE Bee style; manner UA RU, BLA RL BRU before; ago; previously; formerly pi FUR, SRA, LRU PEAT, DARA actor or actress; performer aRRHIWEFA, HR, UE character; role 53% {8 Aft, ,3— TE, BEA kind; sort; type; variety sh yxehy BK ARIK, MAOH, AY BK, MAP kind; sort; type 44H 272% 2H IR AOL, BURR place; region SHUT XSLT, REM MAM to visit; to call on Hilzt HK, VRE iLL Dalal RL A valle mR some AMA, ANHZE, AWA FASE As CA LSE AH RBA difficult; hard CRET RETIRE ILA SE ESE , REO, ED, EATial Supplementary Words 1. RE Vv yanjia 2H mM dun 3. RK N bidnfan 4.AK N tditai 5. RHA TE bd zénmeydng 6 EH A béishang 1 RE PN JiG Baoyt * FEA A congming 9. AEB PN Lin Daiyt 10. 7 N shi i. FAR Vv xidngai 12, Seah vo jiéhan 13. 5% Vv pian 14. v__ shao 15. & vy ka 16. Fe vos 17. FIL Vv hutyl 18. BI Vv sItkai to study; to discuss; to consider (a measure word for meals) a simple meal wife; Mrs. not so good sad; sorrow (name of the leading male character in Dream of the Red Chamber) clever; bright (name of the leading female character in Dream of the Red Chamber) poem; poetry to fall in love to get married to cheat; to trick to burn to cry; to weep to die to reminisce; to recollect; to recall to leave; to depart from D PRB, AA seL 2 “Lin Na, have you ever seen the Shaoxing opera?” The Shaoxing opera is a regional opera from Zhejiang Province. It is derived from local folk songs, and is mainly popular in areas such as Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province, as well as in Shanghai. It is a well-known regional opera in China, characterized by sweet and elegant melodies. -165-@ We AVL BE, HET A — Re BEBO T “It was announced in yesterday's newspaper that a Shaoxing opera troupe from the south has come to Beijing.” When combined with a preceding noun, some location words such as “E31”, “Jp i”, and “#13”, usually drop the character “i”. For example: 4K, BE, 3k, ANE, RB, HH, RB. When “[.” follows a noun, it can indicate the literal, physical location of an object, for example, 3k, (PK); or the abstract, figurative location, ie. in the area or scope of something, for example, #3, 4% L. QO BLEEK BARR BE _L (ALA). “Dream of the Red Chamber is now playing at the Chang'an Theatre.” Dream of the Red Chamber is one of the four most famous classical Chinese novels. This profound work depicts the rise and fall of the Jia, Wang, Shi, and Xue families; it is an encyclopaedic chronicle of late Chinese feudal society. ‘The love story between the leading male character, Jia Baoyu, and the female character, Lin Daiyu, is the main plot of the novel. ® RHA AUER AHR “I have never seen such a moving opera.” The demonstrative pronoun “i”, which in spoken Chinese is often pronounced “zeme”, denotes manner, status, method and degree. It usually modifies adjectives or verbs. In this sentence, it indicates a degree. Further examples are: XAMEH)iR AS, XARA MB. In cases such as “HKAH", “HAR”, and “SAK, “GRA” demonstrates the method. © BELAY HY ASSURE AY GE “Now some of them can sing the Beijing opera, while some of them can perform it on stage.” When the pronoun “Affi” functions as a modifier, it often refers to only a part of the group of people or objects that it modifies. It can be used individually or it can appear two or three times in consecutive clauses within a sentence. For -166-example: BOASKA DI, OAR A AOBRP KY AH HARK 6 49H DX (Japanese) If the noun which “4719” modifies appears in the previous sentence, it can be omitted in the following sentences starting with “#1”. For example: ERMA AK AO A Note: A noun with “iff” as its modifier usually doesn’t follow a verb as an object. For example, we do not normally say @ “RARAHAA MMII", but rather “A FHL TT RRA A OK”. © MAZE UT OT FF, “You can first listen to it well, and then Jeam how to sing it.” In this Chinese sentence, the object “iJ” has been omitted. The complete sentence is; Vie TAA S HHA , HEEB AL BY. EY SENTENCES A A it AD RP RAG RHLRKE RS, AYE, BARA AEE RAH RR » REDE RH AER RA, WR ABA ASAE At — KR 8 (22 RAE)? RRR AH LARA AAA, | RERGRMA TR, TRRLA BRE KET - LENA A ADS KB, AMARA KAY Cees -167-1. 3 FIV Master the following phrases CQ) RE HE RAL AFE HAL BYE SHE KAE MRE PRE PHL WHE ORBePE AMAL (2) RAS RASH RAR RASH RAB MAELRHIL KRAUL MRAM MRR dait RADI DRRAG AIG RE PREM RHR WRRA FH RMA AL (eH) (3) RASH RA MAR RADA RAR BAM Ate HAR 4H RAW RAS BAR RAT RAHA BARE BAEK BAB RBA AER AIG GL RU ANIR RIE Z ah 6b Oy MDARALELBEO GK HAT FARE HAS HAY HAP HK Halse FRE HARK HAR HS HI NHS (5) FHMA AWRHE AHA HOKR Ham Hows AMS AHR AYE HORA HOPE AH RR AMR Aaya Ae ate AHR NRL AAG AA HOST ABA RARAR IR BSHLAM FHL BUR SHUPHS SMR BiH LURAA RAKNRA BUKALA AMUROMRA (7) FH K FL-KKRK HHX-KOHR BY -AARH AU-B SL-BRL FU-BRF Hx -wAiq (8) BARGE MARAT RRAER, TRA A SAMAKRAHRA PAREKKGLSE SRVREA PLEA, TREG EAE RAE (4 (6 -168—2. ABBR Pattern drills (1) Me Arid RBIS? # wis RAL EAL | PRR ee ake MRAM IL At B09 2 BRACE A HALA 6 (2) Ae dn ith (or He HF)? AGE RAMA IL. MRA A BARA HI? RRA AW AH 0 & Es | BER |S Paaa REF eee A eH RP BAS Ki SL MA kB Ra ATR (AxEAR) oF hRo AP EMA #87 & ABIL RG BAAR (3) MEEKER RMRRAT e RRE BAK, jp Aa 7 mo RAPRAAAL Be. BRBSE ROR | (4) then Wana ae we IR A? RAR | Ait It (MEE SR). BR ARS 22 2 | Ue ig LIL AE ILK? FRI ARAB AR AMM, (RR )RAMRS RHA DR, TRRZRLPR, : FARSRE, RAR BE, BALMMELGERA? (2) 2 BRA MUL I 1142 : RBM K, 2 RP Lara ek aT? + BURR aa FIL, SF Derr er ree we -171-(3) A: 29, AIA LMT? Be & To MELB? A: RAL RAR hk, ABR, WHE, L ZMI RL — KW, LDR FERAL, T RACK FLST A: TAM ARILR A Bi RAF, RMRRA A ABIL, RR 3h EPIL, [8 Looking for a job] C1) A: KAA, MARA MAT LH, 2B? B: 2, A: MW PRAHA? BL RMERR A: RAL, WP wy wR A? B: ARAARALAPAY PARA -“LEMYH, UMS A, A: (RSF. TF ZMAEARLAM—K, (2) A: RO MARBERMGM ERI WRARBALERE. 9 2 RAT MAL HA LAE? : M-FAMALD-PKPERNBETR ASSP GALE BiB, B; WAHREB? Ar RRR RIL, APM HRW PH RIO, Bi thE a5 Oh 28, RAE (yONji)— FILA SHE A B: A: BR, WRABA, B A 222 Making an appointment or a date with someone] CL) A: MERAREAR MMR, ZRAKRLIRRRBKIL, LR -172-> DOr Ds ee (dun ) 48 48 ( bianfan ) , 599 + MURA, TRE EMARA ABIL, : EMREAH? 2 ABE, R-RR, ILA? 0 MAK (tditai ) #—Ae RH? : MRAM, : ARASET 5 (2) A; : RRR, BRM—1z7 C47 BIE RA se HH? 0 WME RAY (KH) oh? 5 RNA, TARR FHA IRR — SMR HH WH, 2M, ARAL BI, Head 1 BA. HAART? BA? __, RAAT A AH I Rh. Tn, LWA LALA IL, : ROBART RROEYS, REL+oM Spd 2 AT! IEA? . 2 PANACEA ER AME RD HY HEH 3F RGR ER, (FGF Making comments] A: Dre wOe yw (RE) RE BARAT ALAA T BiB, SERRE MEA EZ HH? + BEER EZ 4F (bu zénmeyang ) , » ANA? too) Fh FoF HARA S. + RR BRAS ARATE RF, 1 REAL YF RA LE, : TRAP UG YHKFARA ESL, AULREKEMME, -173-5. HAVLUE Describe the following pictures (483) Hy aR Mert it Ab KI RA? MEA 2 & ° BAUR P YA A Ae Rt VaR, He 2 AAT He Rat TUK? Mbt AKA KH BG, RM ° TRA BLE RE RA? KA 2 He, 0 RTM BRK. He A 3k Lie? 2 © ZR, 6. 28649 Communication practice (1) Talk to your classmate about an interesting experience you had last week. (2) You have bought two movie tickets; invite your friend to see the movie with you. (3) After watching the movie, you discuss your thoughts about it with your friend. Comment on the plot, music, style, actors, performance, make-up, etc. “174(ZU RES) HL eB ‘at Pe IR HL er AR HE) BA — EK, AE AH (bEishGng) #4 K Hr ae HF KEELEY SEA KE A(SG Bboyl), LAARAM EBLE ARR WRIA (COngming), ME LWLEMR—PNAEF LMR, AKA (Lin DaiyU) AAA ARS HAS, MHRA, AMIR $4, Bis (Sh) SRF, LSGSIL, UNER-RLR AHR HGH GIL, KFARLKEA KEEL MEKT EA, TEER By Ws ho BE AG HG AB IRE A 4 BK (XIGNG’AI) , A — BAL Fe BI ARS HG (GENT) . HEAR GE , Eee wg AR , 55 BR (PIG) Ae, TE ALIR FAIRS TH MAN RAM RARER AR CES Pee 2 EZ LAV AR ME (ShGO) TWH T PRBWMALH. WRK) T—-A, HRS) T. APBRTAG, HK ELMWHSFAARS KBAR WT IL (hulyl 4 At EARS, ICAI AL RR RR fo ARAN IR He 28 A AY EAR REE LR AP (IIKGI) T Ho 1. PAMBBRAG Past experience The aspect particle “zt”, which occurs immediately after a verb, denotes that an action took place in the past. It is often used to emphasize experience. Here are some more examples: RITE MH EARLE RH MARR TARA HR to IRS HO. The negative form of “it” is “i&(#)---it”. For example: RAR, RAR iit. The V/A-not-V/A question with ii-2A". For example: KML RRA? -175-V+ wt + (0) Predicate Subject - —- + a = Adverbial v “at” ] oO “RA” # | A | it | ames), Tak | ieee e ot | ras, x an | oF a /&, o ea ee | em. | se | oa | aa | aA? | mat [| + | « lemene ear? Notes: (1) “tt” must be placed immediately after the verb. If the verbal predicate has an object, “it” always precedes the object. Therefore, one does not say: @ “RAPS ABHLWIL", but rather “RBA”. (2) To indicate one’s experience, “Zh” is normally placed after the second verb in a sentence with serial verb phrases. For example: HEBESMAR GH, (It is incorrect to say; O(hAMHRSWAR ER, ) AMALADEALKAGHEF. (It is incorrect to say: @RNLMEMNKRKAMH BE. ) 2. SHHL4N# The action-measure complement The action-measure word “YK” or “j&” is often combined with a numeral and placed after a verb as the action-measure complement to express the frequency of an action. In addition to signifying the number of times, “jij” also denotes the whole process of an action from beginning to end. For example: RLEMAT AUK, A DRRRA T HA, When the object of the verb is a noun, the action-measure complement should be placed before the object. When the object is expressed by a pronoun, — the complement often comes after the object. -176-Predicate Subject Nu+ action | Adverbial V | “xt” | O(Pr) | measure O(N) | ms on laf if THK |SRFF 2 [|B] tt | RALORF. & voit A | ak | ku EK | HERG AR) | th Apart from indicating the frequency of an action, the action-measure complement “—FJL” is also used to indicate an action that is performed in a casual way, or that lasts for only a short while (refer to Note One in Lesson 7). Here are some examples: J24—F JL, %—P JL. 3. BR {HJB/AT 2+» The construction “HY---{AJ2/ HE” 9+ {ELfL/ AL AL---”, meaning “although”, is used to link two contradictory state- ments, “48” may go either before or after the subject of the first clause, while “(El J&” (or “H[AE") is always placed at the beginning of the second clause. For example: KR ARTA ALLA NG 122 WARP AL FALE, REKRERKGF HG, TRA GING, “#48” can also be omitted. For example: He (BAR) PR 09 A TK AL AERA aracters 1. 22 HV#FIK(8) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (8) The pictophonetic method (4): In this method, a character is formed by placing the component indicating the meaning at the bottom, and the component indicating the sound on the top. For example: #, &, %, M, #8, HB. 2. AGSHAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters a ZH \ueeg dan dawn; daybreak 5 strokes Su ~S (2) B -F RR RK GF al | yue battle-axe used in ancient China es — | 5 strokes -177-3. WSR PAW Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) ARB) yuejt (RF) ) Heo e+ h 12 strokes (2) B&R suiran (#3) Ro W+ & 9 strokes (3) 428 danshi 42 > 4 + B 7 strokes (4) #1) jutuan Ce) ) A-O+F 6 strokes (5) 247% difangxl (44% BR) Moms + & 6 strokes (6) 3 bian BoP +m +h 12 strokes (7) 8 bi 7+ ot f 10 strokes (8) Kit Giging (stir) te ah ot # 11 strokes (9) %& 3 gushi more + & 9 strokes (10) #4% Zudwei Jie - T- + # 10 strokes -178-(11) (42484) Honglou Méng (4244) Bo h+ FY 11 strokes (12) #A zhijué A> 7 + 7 strokes (13) 4#3) tebié Home tbe tH 10 strokes (14) HK yOuméi (4 X) Her ho + k& 6 strokes (1S) Bi fenggé (RH) Bwoe +KR40 10 strokes (16) 4#&X zhdnglei (46%) tp > Ff +P 9 strokes Kr R+K 9 strokes (17) ii fangwen (3 FI) wri +f 6 strokes (18) #€ nan (Ht) HER 4+ £ 10 strokes Bata Cultural Notes Classical Chinese Poetry, Prose, and Novels Classical Chinese literature has a history as long as the literary histories of Greek, Arabic, and Sanskrit languages. Poetry is the most developed genre of -179-classical Chinese literature. The oldest collection of Chinese poetry, The Book of Songs, contains three hundred and five poems dating from the eleventh century B.C. to the sixth century B.C.. The golden age of Chinese poetry was during the Tang and Song dynasties. The poems of Qu Yuan, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, and Su Shi represent the highest achievements in this genre. Chinese prose has a history just as long as poetry. The earliest prose consists of historical texts dating back to the eleventh century B.C.. These are followed by prose pieces representing various schools of thought. During the Tang and Song dynasties, as well as in the Qing Dynasty, a great number of finely written prose pieces. were produced. Novels, especially those written by known authors, appeared fairly late in China. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Water Margin, and Dream of the Red Chamber are the four most famous classical Chinese novels. -180-irc RA People in Beijing love to climb the Great Wall of China. Ding Libo | and his friends climb the Great Wall with their teacher, Ms. Chen. once | again before the holidays. You will tour the Great Wall with them and lean | how to discuss plans, make suggestions, and talk about the scenery and the 4 weather. B—t=k Lesson 23 FETE Ea TF NAN seve v RAEI: RAT , MIAH A 47? vVo44Nveivo 4a km, HMMA, AMM FOR, ey Talking about tw J ve v > = RATE : dH, AE? S VV -NN Ae NEN eNovs EVA: RAPALA AI LARE EI © Hom Mat -181-cas PR ER: aOR ER: -182- : BIRR RKC? Neva ae SSovvuNvevvs : HURAU-KT, RKABA HH RMT. veNZ AVS . NS vevv enn ae FET , Ke ihh By RAT HAA HH RM? WY UATE PEE RL KEE? HEME. MRECBET .? AR? ERE? Ne ee Nee Seavey - 7 Ko MEME FIRES, BALA FR, MIE, -4N 2 NN eevee KMRL, HE GMILF A HEF © SN aye (ea . 4 A #8. 20 Sr im O ATT KABRAML? SSR Mtns ton SAT 1 eo PD RFRA AMA HR RIL MILA A, UB 27 Pie MAK, ZTURLAWEE, MELKRAR, VAN VeveV VN e ee TAL HETAULAHLE, SHEVM! © vA Nvevvu ve Noe ve 2 DRG RPA, RAT FB Lae oil HRS , DIRT \eovvevoN ves 4, KATURMRN-RE,EDA: KARR A AN -REKRR. KREBS » ERE AR AE, SRAM —A AK Vv¥NN ev NvN 44 N re BAIR: 47. SURE ERIM RAR KK + ial New Words 1. Ie Vv pa to climb REA, MEE NO 2. BAR vo fangjia to have a holiday or vacation BAHT , Jt SETI ACIS B, BBL, UBL TB N jia vacation; holiday ##f{Bi 3. THE N/V d&suan —plan/to plan; to intend 384TH, HUBLI TR ATATR, AAR RR 4. & v tf to put forward; to raise #21 HEMI, 2h 5. &pL ON feir airplane AA GBL, FF WL, EOL, FRBL *‘ v fei to fly “CHO, KEIM Bu N I airplane 6. N shan hill; mountain 781), ts WF, 1 88 AG Uy RE 9 , ARE se 7h N ding peak; tip WW, A, LTH 8. a vo jiGoshG to teach 9. IX WN fianyi to make suggestions/advice; suggestion it DODEMR LL , BIN AE OBL, BEAL, A DL 10. Qik N qiwén air temperature “(i438 , AAA TRE ZIG UME ZAERO IR ee N jingsé scene; scenery; landscape (324 5¢€4,, il) ROR BRE ze N jing view; scene 325, 4:38 yest é& N sé scene #12. HER v yOuy6ng to swim Jaw IK TORK ENUNK ek —183-13, AR 4. KR 15. Sap & “16. 4F 17. KK 18. ay 19. 20. SL PN PN BPN PN 21. RR PN ER: RAEI: BR, WK BR dongtian winter ERR, AKU ZKORE, RAR xiatian summer HREK, DRAG BRK A RAMA ddoyou tour guide Sif 4H, SWRA, — 1 FE, RP BPE dao to guide; to lead you to travel xing to be OK. Changchéng the Great Wall (CK jh, FHKE, BML RK MOB Si Taishan Taishan Mountain GAS) , BBE , 29S th AEA HGindn DGo Hainan Island J? P A Hie 7T EP AG AY Re Kéngzi Confucius XiGo Yanzi (name of a Chinese tour guide ) ove SNe eo ONS RAEI AOE, oh) ERI ve Nase DRAKA RAE © 5 v ‘ oovVAN NAY EPR: MINCBARESKT . AiIRRS LAT. —184-orerey NAS. REA RILR AML T, AIRE ARE Bk Vv NS 4A oN RE RBI, © ABR IUK ALE LI, HK OM, ILM RE SLM! KMIR-AK, OF, Fe i, KANN LIER RES HEB FIRL, EDA: MRT ILY? tM: Ril, RAKARY, BARKS EMLARK HK, EDA: BT, RERAR,ARELMK,EFET, No4e \vviony TREAD i IP ¥ Talking about th OM: AKREATE ALT, Sri REI: SARILMARLRE PR, TRAM eh? PHA RARLEA+E, th Mi: PHAK, LFLRKRAAMAR, TEAFEBAT THR: Ce OF. UMA, AREARFRT? RAAMEZERER? KA peng? o -185-oN veny vVoNVvaN 4ve vey EDA: BA MRACLR AUT CARLA, REP MRE TG? - ov veovews PRAIRIE T ob, MPR SBAL Re A OMB: FT! RICE KIRA T ! + ial New Words 1. Any vo — jiGyou to make an extra effort; to cheer sb. on Se FR 4B LE ae v jia to increase; to add 2 A lei tired AAILA HR TKAR, SREB, AER 3 M tido strip; long narrow piece; (a measure word for objects like rivers, dragons, trousers) RBI 4% N léng dragon FE ABT, IE EE 5. 48 Vv opai to pat; to beat; to take (a picture) ## ARH, SAS Ar FUL A ATS 6. AAR N qiatian autumn FEAKK, BRK AR WKK KK WRAY 7WAR N yintian cloudy sky; overcast sky 4KPAK, PRAY BE 8 FE vo xi@ xué—to snow RH AWE ES, FSR g N xué snow HA, Ht, —- BAKE 9 ECF) oN Iing(xia) — zero ( below zero) 10. JE M du degree (for temperature) +}, F HIE. WRB i. ALA N béifang — north HELA BIL ALI A A 12. RR N ChintiGNn — spring -#KBIT AK AI, AA ARI, A Rh -186-13. 14. 15. 16. $F Zia 1 RAR ae #8 3h #% rm 2. WR 3. * ARAL Naw - DO RARE HARBRKEESY. FEE AE RB ® . eRe N N PN rPa2a< ><. 422 <2 Supplementary Words tianqi yubdo qingtian Zhdnggud Minhdng qiféi tingchéchang caidan ké xiéng haipa ké shu st zhuang dong weixidn re bangmang to help Sit, AA a (+) It, TE bang to help; to assist #WHR—PF HAS zhan to stand to rise; to get up 3K, #2 FR UAE, ABI IE GuGngzhdu — Guangzhou weather forecast sunny sky Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) to take off parking lot menu thirsty bear to be afraid (a measure word for trees, plants) tree to die to pretend to be sth./sb. to move dangrous “I plan to go to Taishan first, and then go home to see my parents.” Taishan is a famous mountain in Shandong Province. It is one of the great tourist -187-attractions of China. It is also known as the “Eastern Mountain” of China’s five famous mountains. Q RM, DEB Ss HiT RLM EB. “That’s right, it is his idea to join the tour to Hainan Island.” Hainan Island is part of Hainan Province in China. Its tropical scenery attracts many tourists. D (iS ANCA, HAE WAL FAB YI, “He furthermore said that he would climb Taishan first, and then go to visit the place where Confucius used to teach.” Confucius was a famous philosopher and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China. He was the originator of Confucianism. His philosophy and educational thoughts have influenced generations of Chinese people. ® XT WALZ BIL? “By the way, where does Dawei like to go?” “XE T” is used to insert something into a conversation or to start a new topic to attract somebody's attention. It is commonly used to indicate that the speaker has suddenly remembered something or is going to correct or add to his previous comments. For example: ST ARMA BARBRA A? AT RMR EFRY RRR EER ® SHRM! “How interesting!” “4+ +ifi]| "is commonly used in exclamatory sentences that express. strong feelings. The adverb “4%” is usually used as an adverbial in front of adjectives or certain verbs. The modal particle “tif” is often used at the end of the sentence. For example: WORF HBS REM! (SARE ) EA DIES BAM! -188-RS ARKROEET! “Ke”, which you have previously learned, is also a form of exclamatory sentence. © A AAI? “Where are Libo and Dawei?” “SBE AAAI” is an appositive phrase. “Jy 3k IY” is equivalent to “4A”. For example: s)2 th fi] FAN AK. “IKAPTERE” and “EAR”, which you have previously studied, are both appositive phrases. O RAAT ALR PRIUS T MEP BRA BG JL “T feel a little tired. Lin Na is tired, too. Let’s sit down to rest for a while.” The adverb “ff” (3) links the previous statement and its conclusion. For example: Me EL UG RAAT AR EAE AL BUR RE ARF RRA EREARAHES,MAKA : “MA ERAT?” KR AIH “The Great Wall looks like a dragon.” ‘The dragon is a magical creature in ancient Chinese mythology. It has a long body, scales, horns, and feet. It is able to walk, fly, swim, and command the clouds and the rain. As the feudal period came to an end, the dragon was no longer the symbol of the imperial emperor. However, Chinese people all over the world still see themselves as the “descendants of the dragon.” Images of the dragon and “dragon culture” can be seen all over China. O UR AMVEAM bok? Beaty? “Hi, why haven’t you come up? Do you need help?” Note the important difference between “#if{f2” and “ify”: the verb “FRB” may be followed by an object (for example: #f {48 , 7H) (tui); whereas “ai” cannot be followed by an object. For example, one must say, “SARIN”, “SHE te", and not, @ “Heese” . —-189-BSG KEY SENTENCES 1. BERT. 2. AN MRES L TT 3. SURE KIRA T 4, WHE FREE, BARA FR, 5. ARS MERMHFGRE, 6. EILHEE SEM! 7. MECBEBT, 8. ASA A AUR UR T Aa ERK, BIL, 1. 3492 FPGA Master the following phrases C1) A-AH AH AaH ita aR He asa beh aHAKR FRBRR ATG HRATL ANZA] RRNFFRA RVGTMARR HA AE REN AAR BEN HEN Fey tn G3) SHAS HSI RIGRK AAD deRH tert HR EE AEH ie FSR BAR MRT (4) ST SMT SRAM SPH FRET SHIEK SRM FBT SOM SRAM 3B HET ZR SH STR SRAM SER (5S) Ase] RAE ESI IT (6) FFT BLATT RFRT BHAT SSR TT RELRT RAFT RAAT REREYWT RENN T (2 -190-1) RER ALE RFR RFR AHR Fee itr tA RR REAR APRA WOERR FOF REAM Re (8) SERSE CYRRGT AMRF REBY—B LADS His 2. AJB Pattern drills (1) RAIL? RET. RERT RA, FFL RRR, (2) WANRBA dah Fe? NA RRBKE Bh T HOM st Hh A? WATRA Hit, (3) WAKE RERT? KAWMMAKRELRFRT« (4) RABI? eR E DET, 8:45 wR 910 be 11:55 EAR 4:20 kitbok 3:25 Rak 5312 4h [Ree FEM GAL FAA RAMEDDR BHR [alana —ANL [ar mea BE tak Shik GER [ate [mem A -191-WH FQ BRR Bib Hi NRE Fe RE Hage (5) fesop ey Ja — a ROK AL AK OP By HE a AMPIL Hae AFH BF SL ERR [sh Pe Bek (6) MEE RI 747 RK RA KES BLAEB RC. BT te R EME S Hee | |x* 8 ae a ee (7) BIG BE 447 MAB DH Be ARBA Ai PLM. REY 2 APL Ui t 3 fe oe MAR ORR RK nee & RT (8) RHF Lewes es? [isi # B HAT PILLAR SB , A i i ho RA SUH CF 5 IR AA 8 TRB Bs [RHA mM at 3. DREQHS) Classroom activity Have a conversation with your classmate: A says he/she is planning to do something, and then B uses “H] ££3%---T” to explain why this cannot be done. For example: A: RAHMRLEPU ERDAS HL, B: TRRMRT -192-4. S1E45J Conversation exercises [iRitk] Talking about plans] (1) A: B: (2) > Dee De > De BEMIRT MA Bat EP Aa HP : KFRAM—KEBA>FRBA___, fh _______o MarR LS KM? 2 RAMET RS : RAFT! AM, ERA YEE A IT HT SE AS B88 wT A A-F. : KAT HEAL A? RAMP RAT RAT EMA ERED? 2 Ue AE AE Baa RATART o [G2#tiM Making suggestions] (1) A: B: A: B: (2) A: B: A: B: REM (1) A: B: MERE RIEKF , RAPIER. HAR? Ritit. BIRD ALG ARE OE aT, AIL — PARI BREATHE MIL? RELA. WRAL RAT TON aR AT A A ABIL A HEIL, RE BUE U, 5 KPT! Gi —azHre! KA HBK IL. Talking about the weather] DRS HAT MGR AMAR (tianqi yubdo) T kA? KAMRESREAK, PPABERTS, -193-A: URES? B; ABREF FAR, RILMARK AMS? A: RAS, RARILAAM, TRRRAA FEHR, (2) A: SF#RAKAT! RAR BR, By RMT. RHBD>FLK HARKS RST. A: MRAREA AH? B, RA PRU ALT RHR (Gingtian), TRFFEMK, A: KT WRABKARA HT ve? at at 6% [§ &PLE% Purchasing plane tickets] Ar RE, REE MIRA HH 0 EHR, By BRM®—RKA? A: REFAATASYP R.Ai(Zhonggud Minhang)628k 4 , #4? B: £4. A: Gi edt & Bp RA (fei)? Br A: iiftte. [EM Going to a restaurant] (1) A: AAPL, SRAM E RHR, Br HFC, RANMA — ALA BH AE #4 (tingchéching) # BIL? A: BRU, ARAL, (2) A: AF, ALS RES REA Be, Bz Hit, KU ARSART REP RW, da, AB (caidan)s? A: A RBEE AR, B: th#rttt 4? Cr AR RILKC, KB (KE)MTB: 3, *AMEKE, BAH? Cr RAM, Ah, AEA AER AER IL? A: 47,-BILH BMH ER, 5. MAUL Describe the following pictures 6. 366K Communication practice (1) The summer holidays are coming soon. You and your friends discuss your individual plans for the summer. (2) Give your classmate three different suggestions and try to convince him/her to take your advice. (3) Talk about the weather in your city during each of the four seasons. -195-Le Ss pc Comprehension and Paraphr RARE (XiOng ) BURBUTA T ARPA BN AEBA, OY ESM, EGRT RK, RARE A-RAIL, RARE MA, KEMAH ER RA BASE GATE BH TR AMANE WEIL, NEE ES ANT AB IE EAT BUR RAR Hk LAIR AA RL-DKR RAAT HAAR E 1 (hapa) , FAA (KE) ABE (SHU), EHR LAT. A RACH, aE BA Bo TRF IL , ERE IE (ST) A, teat (zhuding ) ZA, K RRAKASURUMR ALA, HK (dong), EAR-KRAK A, RAT © ERALK ET RAM LIC TR, KA wT AR, EREGRAGER, MAKA: “MAA BAIA TT?” KAA RIL AIL: “KRM M T IRA L A, RG, i fee ( WEIXIGN ) 4 BEE, Hh AR Ams HS hey ALL” eae y errr a 1. SOF RD RAE An action that is going to take place in a short time “SE.” indicates that an action or situation is going to take place soon. “St” or “ft” can be used in front of “3” as an adverbial to indicate urgency. The subject can often be omitted in this type of sentence. B+ V/A (+ 0) + F Predicate Subject © | ‘Adverbial | «gr WA () ] “pe [ka | t (RR) & a 7. pei WR z ‘ Ae a il Be & 4i | a teThis type of sentence is usually transformed into a question simply by adding “1” at the end. A negative res} “WA” or “ZRBUAWE". For example: KFZH TB? — iho PARE A HH BT — RAR. e can be formed by using the negative adverb Notes: (1) A time adverbial can be added in front of “3E---7” or “EBE-- 7". For example: “fh {1 HY RSE AE T” or “fh {f] BAK MBE ET”. However, time adverbials cannot be added before “te#E---7”; for example, one cannot say @ “f{{|HA RE xT”. (2) “38-7” can be changed to “fk”, without changing the meaning of the sentence. For example: “ERY T” = “HACET”. 2. SA34ANA The complex directional complement Directional verbs (:, F, if, ii, Fl, if, i@), followed by simple directional complements (3, 3), can be used as complex directional complements to other verbs. This kind of directional complement indicates a certain compound direction of the action, and gives a more specific description of the action. For example: BI EF Ho HOA IPIARERT Commonly used complex directional complements are: s | F it B 2 it & Ri ER | FR BR OR | BA | RA & |) te | FA | te be | we | x The basic meanings of these complex directional complements: EK to come up k#&— to go up F — to come down F— to go down HE to come in HES to go in HOR to come out ti &— to go out -197-| —— to come back [5] &— to go back ZLE —— to come over iLA— to go over i235 —— to get up x The relation between the direction of the action and the speaker (or the topic being discussed), which is indicated by “3€” and “3”, is the same as in the case of a simple directional complement (see Lesson 16). If an object is present after the verb with a complex directional complement, and the object is a word or phrase which indicates location or place, then the object must be placed before “3” or “2”. For example: PAVE ERRRT 0 RESMERH FORA, 3. FeRAM] Notional passive sentences In some Chinese senten s, the subject of the sentence is itself an object of an action. Structurally, it is no different from a sentence in which the subject is the doer of the action, except that it is obviously a passive notion. ‘The notional passive sentence may be used to emphasize the description of the object of the action. The subject of the sentence is usually a definite object. For example: RAREBEBT MLA LA? BLBMHT ZRASRA, BATH FILA Anil AIRS 1. LF HF (9) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (9) The pictophonetic method (5): In this method, a character is formed by placing the component indicating the meaning inside, and the component indcating the sound outside. For example: #4, H4, ll. There are very few characters of this type. -198-2. UGRAMS Leam and write basic Chinese characters a wh | bib ua shan hill; mountain 3 strokes ja Q) & (®) UKE fei to fly 3 strokes 3) M(&) J XML yi meaning 3 strokes (4) 2B (#8) — + Pow long dragon 5 strokes (s) “Aman mm ya rain 8 strokes (6) Be TF RRR chéng to accomplish 6 strokes bad Fh po ae 3. USOC AWE Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) fe pa Ie>R+ G& 8 strokes R ja "7 PRP PPP RR (Pay attention to the difference from “EE"dudn.) 9 strokes (2) Bete fangjia >t tk 11 strokes ar (suanzid!) — z—4- 3 strokes(3) 47 dasuan ae xa * + B+ or 14 strokes (4) TH ding (TH) MrT + K 8 strokes (5) 83% fidnyl (ER) Bot +R 5 strokes (6) 438 qiwén (uaz) sa ys w i y+ + 12 strokes (7) && jingsé =z > A+ RK 12 strokes (8) #2 youydng m7 + RK 8 strokes (9) AK dongtian az 7 At q 5 strokes (10) RK xiatian Ez > 7 + 8 +R 10 strokes (11) #3 dGoyou (#2) Foe it 6 strokes (12) Kk changchéng (43k) Rai + 9 strokes (13) 4.4 Taishan BoA L ok 10 strokes -200-8, (nidozitou) "44 a 4 strokes (14) #4 8 Hdinanddo (#4 &) 3% ie 4 +o 7 strokes (15) 4L-F Kéngzi $L—> F + L 4 strokes (16) ARF XiGo Yanzi 16 strokes Rot oaeg t+ btn % (In the ancient form of the character “ (swallow)”, “4” represents the head of the swallow; “1” represents the body; “ab” is separated by “1” to indicate the wings; and the bottom four dots make up the tail.) (17) & lei wa R-> + AR 11 strokes (18) & tido (4%) OA + eR 7 strokes (19) 44 pai wi—>4+a 8 strokes (20) AK qgiatian AK > Ff + k 9 strokes (21) ARK yintian (EAR) WPF + A 6 strokes (22) F® xia xué Sores 11 strokes -201-(23) R(F) ling(xia) zg — + aS 13 strokes (24) # du E> Pf +e D 9 strokes Bratt Cultural Notes Eastern and Western Regions of China China is a huge country. Its land area totals 9.6 million square kilometres, which makes it the third-largest country in the world, behind only Russia and Canada, Generally speaking, the westem region of China is higher than the eastern region. Mountainous regions occupy over two-thirds of the total land area; plains account for less than one-third and are mainly in the east. Relatively speaking, the geographical and climatic conditions are fairly good in the eastem region. For historical reasons, the vast majority of the Chinese population live in the east. China’s agricultural, industrial, economic, and financial activities are also mostly concentrated in this area. Therefore, the level of development in the east far surpasses that of the west. China has just started to develop its western regions. With its vast territory and abundance of resources, the west has a very promising future. -202-Xiaoyun and Libo go to the train station to pick up Niaovun’s uncle. They find out from him that great changes have taken place in the lives of Shanghai farmers. In this lesson, you will Ieam how to talk about changing circumstances and actions in progress. S—TDiR Lesson 24 TAR: Epa: TAR: ER: OR NE UTP ee FAH veo ovens DA, KER Tt? oN VANE Ne vN ey Nn AEB HTIANA RIT PS), REALE, RST VN Nae WS FRR RB? re So NN ew eS eee Ro MALALHMAO RK, MESRFMA] HAST, ~203-TH: ER: THAR: ER: THR: ER: TAR: EPR: EVR: % ¥: - 7 ve He Rit eK]? WALA, TREBLE, EKA, REE CR IE PEDETT ABH] FHT, f about — an. vA oun vo. . NaN vv A MPALEAB. SULA, PARAS F, -ve in progress VAN A FRC, RTA Mitte, K+PRIURK, F1 - 7K v ovvV Vee e RORUDBRT , LR WA AERIAL T vA Nf oveN Ve Ne TR® AREAS DR, ER AAR. SL ovN vy Na AT RGR LET. MPA LALA? WEED WRAL . MMA MIAIERT © -VvNVvAN eNoNVAS \ vy WRERS H. BH RAKES, BS Mos! veo “«4eney Ve 4N ve DH! FRR RABE T DEER T? NN fee LAFZHAT, 3 kent) SAL Talking about changes Sy vee SDT A RMAT B®\ vA ovens Vee ede -N IN ee EDA: $Y, RARAFT AR, MEMERGEA, -v vv vv THR: BF BLEST ORRT AT HH LAre! + ial New Words 1 9% 299 3. RR 4.3 5. FR x 6. EE He 7. ASB 8. Rie 9. Ae. 10. fi WAR 12 KK 13. 08 14. ey N Adv Adv vo Conj Conj IE Prep jiuma jidjiu nongmin dang shucdi cdi zhéngzai zai wen It bianhua budan érqié kébu xiGohdir dita xiang aunt (wife of mother’s brother) (5848, ABR, AAG my ey uncle (mother’s brother) 8H , LIV , SAF ATA D farmer; peasant BK AVA ER, —PAR to serve as; to be “425HH, MEV, MRR, SSPE, A BBR, AEE LL, vegetable Hi3RA 7] ,— LR, LTR, Ne — RIL food; dish; vegetable me3¥, 3K, HOE in the process of; in the middle of; (key word of a progressive construction) ECE TIT, TEES A ECE FUR, EAE, TEEN (used to indicate an action in progress) £7 TAL EWE CEA ERR TE to ask directions (a route) iE ZETA Re. HEIR, ATRL LFTB change ERK. ERS HP Ble not only but also; and also exactly; right; that’s just the way it is kid; child 24). AK, BG, —* WG map ist Fel Arh PA SCP , Bh towards; to i) HEATER , fi He BEDS , -205--206- : MUNA RE RR MA ver S To PR IALE , Lh SP 2B v xiang to be alike; to take after {QIR 3 3 , 72 1@ ABT He BY 2c 3 FA A LAR ERE RR ARR THAR Vv shang to be engaged in (work, study, etc.) at a fixed time pee N nianjf grade S489 KEE, LAPSE, AE Blale N daxué university; college ER, ARK PRE ABE OPI FORA A xinkt hard; toilsome Sf _L3675 T AEBIAEB KA 28 ERT VO xi yO to rain BEAT ARE KD, PARAL N yu rain —JQAKM, FN .- vVveve 2 See : BADE? EARAR? WHTARE—RARM EK, VN ANNA Ne -NN Ve NNN RBG AMR ERR, WILARIE KART. NN voN eNO 2 SLA AP SRR AIA HE? VoN AN AN AN (ike AA] - fv oN = Talking about living : REWEEEAHIO {conditions ad. - fey Sov NSN FN VEN » EGET, OMFAINET — ERB REET eNN NO 2 TMA, MERMAA GRP LAT 5THR: EE: ER: 2 BUNA PEA F 9 AE aD aR Hig EERE IM BA HEH ® a) 5 Noe N “ Z ves NN v4 ORE Z. MMRAIRR SNvervs 4 2 BE HY SMO FB OR BA Wy ae, NINA PER REA SMA Ve VNR 44 ve Nee eS eN NAS : RAY RRUHEP IRA, BERRA BH vv VN -ve vay PR, ETA RT - 4% VFN NAS v SER-RBEA AMEN 5 #4 ial New Words 1. 2. aa Zz & Bie Be > a > v zhong to grow; to plant #3, FRESE, FETE JL TE TEP THA RAH N wénshi greenhouse 2H AKA , ANBAR A wén warm 7K N shourts income; earnings # HE SAIUCA , AERC Ay BRIA, SEMA, SICA, BERTI, shou to accept; to receive ru to enter N giGnnidn the year before last year HIJEATWLA , RIE RY -207-6. JR 7. 4% 8. oe 9. HAR 10. #P 1. 4G 12. 4% 13. RAR 14, Pe #h3t= ia] 1. eA 2. TR Be 3. UH 4. 4e(A) 5. AF 6. HF 7. BFE 8. 4F 9 BA ~208- gai Zud liang chéngshi chéng fangbian con wénhuad di jisha guanit 4G to build th, MT, ME RS &, mRBE (a measure word for mountains, buildings and other similar immovable objects) — JERE, — REALL , BEDE 1 AVR, 288 — EOE (a measure word for vehicles) —4§%,—4i AE ,— AIM E city SCHAAR TE Str BLA A RTE city SRS, eSB SE AR convenient 41 (78 ) F718, RAT (8 FFE BS AE village ATH, ARAYA ER ay et BE de culture; education; literacy" EA3C4b,, ARK SCH s HARE AES ACG, BL, FE low 7K WAAR, SURE , FEUER technology; skill SHAR, ITA ALR, BAR PD RA, RRR BOR BEBE to manage; to administer f#] #3 Jii/@F 2, 3 Ke SBT RPE Supplementary Words 2242> > < nudnhuo liangkuai jichang jié (rén) xingli xi@ngzi yilu. ping’an ting diren warm cool airport to pick up (someone) baggage; luggage box; case; trunk to have a pleasant journey; bon voyage to stop; to cease husband or wife; spouse10. £K N shibing soldier 1. RE N jiangjan general 12. 38 vo zhangdng to stand guard 13. v dong to freeze 14. RA} Vv fadou to shake; to tremble; to shiver 15, BK vo shénghud to make a fire 16. A zhéngchdng normal; regular 17. B N shéng sound; voice Not D SEERA 23 GK DEP “The T23 train from Shanghai to Beijing will arrive at 8:40.” In the construction “JA --- BJ---”, “BK” and “3” may be followed by words indicating either location or time to express distance or duration. For example: AKA SP DARK, ASN 8 Be by KR, RMAF SID F6A AES ERED PTE, RARMAFE FIRE RAM In Chinese, a train number is formed by adding “YK” to a numeral. The initial “T” (read as “té”) precedes a train number to refer to an “express” (t@kudi) train, For example; T23%k, T14%. @ WA, “Exactly!” “TK” indicates one’s agreement with what another person has It is interchangeable with “A] 742". For example: BHT TE7 TARR) SFRARMETHT, @ fhAIBATERDRT “He is walking towards us.” -209-The preposition “[é]” denotes the direction of an action. For example; [#47 TIRES. (eyed ae. @ AAMT 4? “Do you have a boyfriend?” In China, when a senior family member, especially an elder relative, asks a younger member of the family about hivher age, occupation, income, family situation and marital status, it is not meant as an invasion of the privacy of the latter; rather it shows the elder’s concern for the younger. Therefore such questions shouldn't be perceived as nosey or offensive. However, the latter sometimes need not give direct, exhaustive answers, either. O Gat LAT “How are you? Did you have a good trip? (literally: You must have had a tiring journey.” “B&R E9E2 7” is a common expression used to greet and show concern for someone who has just retuned from a trip. It is equivalent to expressions such as “SET”, “Bee? "or “ERE”. © RWWA EAR? “How are living conditions at home?” @ AWGEAV, “Living conditions at home are not bad.” The family of Wang Xiaoyun’s uncle lives in the outskirts of Shanghai, one of the most economically developed areas in China; therefore, his family’s standard of living is fairly high. However, to be modest, he said “/E}ERATLL” . ABBE TA ACF REA AB. “Your standard of living is even higher than that of city dwellers.” Here, the adverb “i” (3), found in the comparative sentence, is used to emphasize a further degree. For example: AR voak RGB, (It was already very cold yesterday. ) 1666 2 KE MBA HEH, (The city dwellers’ standard of living is very high to begin with. ) -210-® DVL BRAT AS ER AY SCAG ARIE He So EA I ate, “The problem is that the education level of we farmers is still a bit lower than that of city dwellers.” “CHK” in this case refers to the standard of education. -RIFLET. WRESRRAT HART, » We FH te FP ae A we aT MRAFAT SF ELFAT? At ARAN A SEE 1] SBR, EWA RE RE + RAM RUARR T HAR WT RUG T . ALE HS ALE Ah T23 KA KW +H A, SADNRYWNHE 1. 342 FAUKIA Master the following phrases C1) SRR Se SOSA SSH SBR SA BREG SuMA AM LPRELHAR SHBEKR Sagquw AP AS KA MASE ADDRES ARB KRUG MRBGANREA MUTE WOkwal Ae AMS ASIF MARAT SI AP By KARA KEFSF A MURS R MEW SA KROFNEF MERAKR MEPARIAEER MBB GB) MALE HRNBILR HUW MwET wseres GAT AT BT BT RT RT HT SBT maT ELOFAT LAET SRET MH RTT RKFAT RRRATART AMAARAT RAAWGET ARRDMRAT (2. ~211-AAMAT AWAIT ADRT FEKT ABBRT (5) Ai AR AM AH AR LEWMR AAA ABE ANBEF BAERS EAGT EAB EAR EAD ERFA EARIRF EB GR LR LER AM Bee EAR EABER EARAL LEAFORR ELMPRRR ERR FRAGA A RADA LI RRA LK RO IR I RQEKTR, MABKLA KOFSIRG MAF] PHL ROBT MARTA AKOHPRERR MAALMEB (6 2. AJWAR Pattern drills Oe BR w4o(nudnhuo) RM RAAT © BRR # ARR 2% He (liangkuai) +A ARORA (2) LAMAT BARRA B? HR BT FO RMBE LRT eo HE ARIK AM WAIL, SRERT o WH FRET HRA (3) EEA A? WERARR OTR AAP HR? HUSK AL B84 RR — AAP ER [ee ha (4) tet dB aH? AM LH POAT ALB AK, HUAN FEB BLE, ‘29 SRF CRA AOR AVE. ) ke RRR -212-(S) 141) EMBL BIE? vit mB NRE | fed ERT A Bre. eM He wana | Hi 3 HAN ABIL? HL #AL MARA RANKL, 3 MRE AEE | (6) teeth ar B76 89 BP AR HE AEH AOR? BHAT O76 5 RK HEE A ame BE aE, RAB mB Ba RK BMAB REDE FA hi (7) AATF AIL BIL EGR? Th 1:30 5:30 BAVA EB BR 4:00 6:00 BM 1:00 5:00 RAR 3:45 6:00 (8) this ELE T 2 [Atk SiR eka FRT EKAR oe Fa PRL om 94 Btn IR * Be RAE TAG SIRE, a ~ 3. UREHS) Classroom activity A asks B a question and B replies; then B asks C a question, and C replies; ... (1) T2324 AAMPIL EY AR IL AG KAP (2) KER TH? G) bam F¥REBA? (4) PRARAH RH RAG? (5) Ae Rit ab KH? (6) ARS PEA EMH A? ~213-7) (8) (9) (10) qd) (12) (3) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) DAHA MRL FB? FFAURDAB? DAR? HEA AER? ARAN *P AFA HE A oe PD? DESEERKEIFRT 2 DAHFBRLE TS? EMH A? DLS HATA RR AE ZH? ERRELHACEAH? KAM RERRRATAE LH? FWA AR? (PUK LE) ARS ELE T 2 4. SB4R59 Conversation exercises HE AAIBET Picking someone up and seeing someone off] (1) A: B: A: (2) Pere Dror De DS 214 HH ACH AH EAI T RA? REST EHP. Wit. : KAZ, BRT. M35 | APA AR RAM (IcHGNg )4& (iE) & o > MER RAL, Mad 4H (xingli) asl TB? HANH F (xiGngzi) aS) T , : BARILS—F RERUMA, 2 OF RAIL! DO! GAH? BEE? > BTA, KETREMM Te? : TK, KART EA DA. : BALE HF aS, AP AILS IE. 1 RAH FBR, RRS,(3) Ar iA A MA ART AGR-RBR. B: RAHM L-RALEA. KEARTPRAAT LA, 1 HF, RST a RA thay wie, AST RFR RE, Rtk—BF*(yilU ping’an)! : mH : HR! nF wD Se [AEE Talking about changes] (1) A: M4, FST. B: 2°? AMARA KIAT. » PROHRRR RIN RAE, : TRHBAS, > TR AREFTRT. Ais SR (ting) 7 HA, : RF Te? BAPE. CRM RUT. > RELBARFET AMBAT. : HFG, RILMARAS, RAD ee? t TRRERAA, ECB ALAR T « (2) TF eO be De > DD [BREIL Talking about living conditions] A: EAL, HARRL! BAK "4? :RMPRAS AMT RAPT -ReBAA, 2M, SAT, KA-B Rye? PBT, RARKERA-ARPURADE BA 7, : TRE T RBH? + RAM Key, AT AWE ll th Aw tk KA (Gren) 3 ak HAL Ae, AH MAI H, -wOr rey -215-5. AVG Describe the following pictures “BRS 4 0 MAM RHAARAR, TRAE. KAMER SH 6. 3€6R483J Communication practice (1) You go to the airport to see off a friend who is leaving for the United States. ‘Then, you rush off to the train station to pick up your younger brother. (2) Tell your classmate about the changes you have experienced in the last couple of years. (3) Discuss your present living conditions, and then compare it to that of your close friends. -216--E5& (shibing ) Air2E (jiGngjun ) HARARE, RUF, RORURA, MAEURA, BEE BARAT , TRAP ERE SE Spi 3h bi (ZhONgdng ), AF FSM Ate BRA C—RILAG, FAIRY, FRR AR (dong) AR 4 (faddu) , ENR UMAR CREME TE HEEB BR, REARS LHR 4), ERR TK (shéng le hud), 2/7 Bak Hw, HEBTRS RAR HAR, AR ILA AIR, MARKER Hs “LAPIAT , BiR> T TAMER AM, KARA EF (zhengchdng )! ” SPL 3b MEK HAS T RAEI AEA BH (shOng ) i, “HZ, RAR EE, TRAE ILMRAREP, BEKRER ORAM BIOA iH Fl Hid RSE—3hC, ” pat 1. #MULEZE1E (1) Changed circumstances (1) The particle “{” @) is employed at the end of a sentence to indicate changed circumstances or the emergence of some new situation or status. ‘This usage of “7” frequently occurs in sentences with adjectival predicates, or sentences with “J” or “Af” as the verb. For example: MAGLET. (ARE BERART (RS BRT. CRHRR) MAKEAT. (vit RA) RABBAT, (ana) In sentences with verbal predicates, the particle “7” (2) often emphatically aa confirms the completion or realization of some event or situation (refer to Lesson 15), sometimes it can also indicate changed circumstances. For example: REMSRRA AHAB T, (ARS) -217-M6 GALA A wT (AAT A) (CH) EAFAFAT. (aE) Also, in sentences with the negative adverb “78” preceding a verbal predicate, the particle “J” at the end of the sentence often indicates a change. For example: WEKRRT 5 (ahi aT ER) HORURKT (DGB ) 2. SHVERUEG? The progressive aspect of an action To indicate an action in progress, one may place either of the adverbs, “fE” or “TEE”, before the verb or the “lJ” at the end of the sentence. “jE%E” further emphasizes the progressive aspect of an action at a certain time. “fE" or “iEZE” can also be used together with “We” . TEE /7E + Vi + O + (WE) Predicate Subject _ Adv v o a ad va ed HA? & & 5 RF, Aik CLA) Et & Ri, AREA Ee | a AEB ( ARH ) Feo tk BB # BERK Ro “841” itself can be used as the negative form of the progressive aspect. The structures “Y7E+V” , or “}E( FT )+V" may also be used. For example: EADS? RA A HF 0 EF — Hei E AD et A bik AT) A ede A RH An action in progress may take place in the present, the past, or the future time. For example: DE MESH AR? REBLER, Cin the present ) WERE PRAT eH TR, RELA. Cin the past ) -218-FAMARERE ROM NR O— RL DIR, (in the future ) 3. 7MA--THH-+ The construction “7{H--- fii H--:” “ABT.” generally occurs in complex progressive sentences. If the two clauses share the same subject (usually appearing in the the first clause), “AR{El” is usually placed after the subject. If each clause has its own subject, “AS{E” and “HAL” are normally placed before their respective subjects, For example: RRRAPLAMRBLM MALL AG PAMA, BM AET — BE, HER T MAA. FW EARRT , LRT HE RARIET ia ABR), to DIP A WARE MIE AG, In: the second clause, “jfi.E.” is often used together with the adverb “th” or 1, WF HVHIFRE(10) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (10) The pictophonetic method (6): In this method, a character is formed by placing the component indicating the meaning outside, and the component indicating the sound inside. For example: H, 4, Jf. 7, #, Ji, JE, B. 2. LSHAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters ORR) ' OPP PR néng agriculture 6 strokes (2) Wa ~ 7 Aad ér and; as well as 6 strokes BA IMD ro to enter 2 strokes (Pay attention to the difference between “A” and “A.”.) -219-3. WSU Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts @ “rae jiu 6 strokes (1) $4 jiuma (¥ #5) ¥ a B 13 strokes x (shizipdng) 7 + 2 5 strokes (2) RR shucdi Fea ay E+ A 15 strokes ea ~ x x +R 11 strokes 7® (bianzitou) © rir ais 6 strokes (3) 4& bidnhua (#46) Eo R eg 8 strokes (4) +)% xiGohair BF + & 9 strokes (5) @ xiang mo 7 +m 6 strokes (6) F& nianji (# aR) Bore 6 strokes (7) ## xinkt - a> + 7 strokes Fo ae 8 strokes (8) HA shourd woy + & 6 strokes -220-(9) & gai (#) BO 2 + om (10) 4% liang (44) Hoe + H (11) 3&9 chéngshi ek om + 1? (12) 4t con Hod + t KR “FRERA di (13) 4& di We + (14) &AR jisht (484) Bop te per (15) #22 guanii eo" 4 => 11 strokes & = ZA 11 strokes 5 strokes 7 strokes 5 strokes 7 strokes 7 strokes 14 strokes be -221-Brat aalibay Cultural Notes Administrative Divisions of China Division | Place Abbreviason | Administration | Division | Place Abbreviation | Adminstration Centre Centre ata H te oe | KB Municipality | Béting Shi | Jing Boing Hundn Shéng | xiang CChéngsha Directly - fist LR rae ‘Shanghai | ea a Guangdong es pass - the Shi | Hu ‘Shanghai Shéng Yue Gudngzhou ae re ® ae wae | ax wen Government Tianjn Shi | Jin Tianjin Hoindn Snéag | Qiong Hoikou Bib we f Chéngging a a Sichuan u) a _ Sh Yo Chéngaing Sheng Chuan | Chengaa aba ® BRE | | seme * ae Hebai Sheng | Ji Sniiozhu6rg | provinge | GuehouShéng | Gian Guiyéng wee a AR Bae aw aa Shorai Shing | Jin Toiyudn Yorn sting | Dian Kunming Te cg tA wee et me HE LUsoning Sréng | Lido Shenyang Shane Sréng | Shan xron We # Ke Re a =a sttin Snéng | Ji Changehin Gans shéng | Gan Lanzhou BRE m RR nee w at Héléngiong | ™ . Sheng Hei Horerbin ght sheng | Ging xining ane * vee aise & eit viangsd Shéng) so Nanjing Taiwen Shing | Tai Taibai we a BUH Pas A | aa sem Zheng Neiménggo \ Sheng | zne Hangzhou Zizhiag Néménggi | Hanenaote Province 5 ame & on Gearon | we “7 Anbu i Zhuangza | Guy nin Antu Shing Wan Hetei Zonas | Gu Nanning et HRA aos 2 a Autonomou| Keeeng = ne Frajon Shéng | Min Fuzhou Region | Zena Zang Last Lae TRERAMER | | siongst Sheng | oa Ningxia Huizu | > a Gan Nonchang Zino Niog Yinchuan nike | gmeexa ee ® a on ti AR Shandong | | Xinjong e ir sind | Wee | Xn watimagi Shing Zizhiga aie eT enon |B oa | Spec | Mengang ie sheng O Zhengzhou | adminis | xingzhéngaa eee trative wate CATR r Hubei Shéng | & wohan Xingzhengaa omenf Sometimes, unpleasant incidents occur in our lives, like the time when | 1 Lin Na collided with a car on her bike, or when Dawei’s bike was stolen. i In this lesson, you will learn how to give an account of an incident; how to | show your concern when you visit a patient; and how to make complaints in “| Chinese. reenact nestechtnnnnrinnneme-aeenaneremnsaeeict FLIP FL BOAT TBE Be Neoveeviorvseny EPA: RE MBRAB RA — F 35H? voy \vovav RB: MVEA T 2? AEM EBL? ou NNN ee Ne EVA: WIMUEHT, EARS RRRER? R Bs: HTML T? HAH? -223-ceovuvee an EVE: CRAREDR. MP RIVRR, R Bs: GOMER RELRR, (4% ZBR) (ones Hee) euovy 5 ‘ \ Talking about an incident RB: RMR EA ai URERE? cS KOM: HR RAE, AO MBUE T BARA ALAR, Viviane R Br PREZ RAE HS? mM: EAR 962° FERN H EBS, HA ATE RS ” 4 -224- x vo vNvos cVNN NS Bo Mita, za, ET RRA IEE , 105] Te a ed -- NA +. AB RH), ANEERELGRA, voNVvOoN AN UME ZB] RRA? © VN ee SS ve NvVN eA Nv Ne 2 AME 3] HUA RARE T LH AAS EB LN ee es 4B: ARE a PAR HB» # aOR: VoOoN fue ANN Ne eve -7voy : RAVE ORAS , BB RAR BIR, MIT RH Nes KB. a 2 2 2 : SELAH AME A] pL, HARRAH, MARIA VN Ne MERIAL T . © evN aN ee SEIF FARATET . OW RKRAAIET HAE T iq New Words Le 2.3% aS ee : ie Pt zhe (indicating the continuous aspect) Hi, BRE GH GE REIL, BE ita Vv song to take someone somewhere; to see someone off — RARER, FHA BATPI BE Be ABU Ih GL) RAL KAM Prep bei by (used to indicate the passive voice) ‘Be iF) , wis , wei lal , we TT a v zhuang to knock; to collide #4t# 12% , BA Vv shang to hurt; to wound ti (5 HHA Pref di (for ordinal numbers) 98—,38-+=, BITTER, B= EB v jiancha to examine #78 50K, AEHE HE AM, Be AME BABY -225-~226- 8. = A zhong serious; heavy (Hi, #7 KARR ER, WEARE, LERE 9. % v wan to finish; to run out of #5¢HU%, ERA FATE NESE 10. BE Adv mdGshdng right away; immediately 4 EEK, BEE DEAE, BEMR 1. RE N gébo arm AG BBCP, WS NE 12. fi N tui Jeg HEGRE, BBA ALE 13. Vv qi to ride 4h, WRAE 4. ATA N Zixingché bicycle MENA, ME ARS BEB 5. & Vv xiao to laugh; to smile 2%, KH, HRT BREAKER 16. EE Vv zhuyi to pay attention to MALER YER 17 4 Vv ting to stop; to park fe 7E REFINE, PPR 18. 3H N yiydoféi medical expenses 28 BEZH HE 19. VAA v yiwéi to think (with more subjectivity) #LL Fs, BAA BB 20. wR Conj ragud if S SN ee ~ vA BF: AA, MM Sa AH A RA, LAV rey nea HOW HPA PGE, Vising a pain cNovv Nv BAA: HB AEA BRILT BOSKOM: BRA: OR, Caen BRA: ve \ con = eNves v x BST. seine A ERA IRAR MRA, 2 Na Ne SUDUARE HRT) bee, veo“wvv HARE AH? - ee rv a BARRAAMMA, NTA BAAR LIK & the &o VV¥NN LN ME BBR Te A MALE, (ae) Making complaints See J SLANG NER IE RR? ed) 33. 8a < ees > BRT. TRIBE A 5 SERRA, LEMRE SV VV ANNAN -NN BRAS ERA TBE, irra km Re Bo NAS RADNER. -227-cove Ms ALR Ne ey voN 4eNveey SKA: LEMARL, RH ATARI T Nene SNe ove HO AT RAT RA AAR? ava ve Nevvvy er NN AS KA: ore, RAR ILVAAT , HRB PPA RAT T ABI, ERE on —F.? VAN ev AN PROB ARR PE A? ve Ne Ve -vVN Vvsuuev BRA: WRBRAT RAMA MBS T LA AIRE TO, he Be VSN ve ERA RIT HB? OB AME BS --- NN BF: BA HR! az ia New Words 1. $8 v tang to lie (on, down) $4275 SERRE, ZL ~228-a 3 7a 9. AE 10. He 12. ar i 13. RB PR 14. HK 6. & dianshi shi shu fang zhudzi jiégud guan wan ddoméi hudi xiGoxi xiG@otou tou pdichisud zhua dia TV Fea FF ML Seow Pa Ea to look at bunch (of flowers) —37EJL to put; to place A7EJL, BOR, BACT WCE DR HICHE ta table; desk —3k 97k wee ge Fk result; outcome #225 HU 4iE, Sikhy SRR, HOPE NI ER to close; to tum off — €/'J, EH to bend = SAF, SAME, A aL bad luck BLAS, PHB, Slat T bad;broken RAR, BURT TE SRT FRR eK FA news $F, — MRA, BATE. TEE, BS thief —4V Mit Be Marine to steal 7% MARPE MIRE MLL, i TE police substation ej H4 FF to clutch; to catch; to arrest /){fy BANAL IME SUM to lose ER, ERM, GAGEEM EM -229-ED FEAR TR] Supplementary Words 1 Be N xinghdo — model; type 2. #R Vv bi to mend; to patch; remediation 3. AE N xinyongkd credit card 4. 4K vo guashi to report the loss of something 5. HE N xidnglian necklace 6. BA N jingché police car; police van 7. FH N shouji cell phone 8 ER A taran sudden/suddenly 9.71 N dao knife 10, N Wngchd policeman 11. °F Vv xia to scare; to frighten 12. N shéu hand 13. FE v digo to drop; to fall 14. de N dishang ground; floor a nN) D UMIVEAT? “What's happened to you?” “E47” is used here to ask about what has happened to somebody or something, in the case where the speaker does not yet know. For example: WELT? SREARER, HROHEEAT? ——* RRMT © PMIEHEDS T ECE = Berea. “Lin Na ran into a car and hurt herself. She is now undergoing a medical examination at Hospital No. 3.” -230-One can turn a cardinal number into an ordinal number by putting the prefix “38” before it. For example: “38—iR", “A= BEBE", “+H”, “BETA”. Sometimes, a cardinal number can be used as an ordinal number without “35”. “— we”, “MOS”, and “=4E 4” are examples which we have learned in previous lessons. ® BApiwer “How should I put it?” Tt means “it’s not easy to explain”. ® WATE/E A BIE BEI HY 2 “How did you come to the hospital?” The constructions “#)+PW+3/%" and “3¢/4:4+PW" have the same basic meaning, For example: “3° Bi36"(=" AE BE"), “BIE MEH" (“de LM"). © WA RB Meret T , “Just now I thought that you had been knocked down by a car.” The word “Lk” has the same meaning as “A”, but is often used to show that one’s i tial assumption has turned out to be different from the fact. For example: BBAWKER, TRBELART. REET REAASRABPRA, © 383 ME BERR, “Fortunately, I was the one who struck the car.” Here, “i&F” means “fortunately”. For example: EH, HAMAR S. EH, RRA LB, @ WEAR? WEIL T my? “How are you? Are you feeling better?” This is an expression that one would use to ask a patient about his/her condition. ~231-@ LEWIN ABE MLE TT A, PUA | “Last week I did badly in the Chinese character test, and now I have hurt my arm. What bad luck!” The adverb “"(2), used here in the sense of “furthermore / in addition”, indicates that an event is not a repetition of the previous one, but is an additional occurrence. For example: WHERAT ERP LAT EY, ARAAME AR LHBRI RBH. D A ILVRT IR HH BEAR BRAT TF — HI AERA F “Before I came here, I got a call from the police substation, telling me to go over there.” “UR level in Chinese communities, which manage residence cards and ensure public iF” (police substations) are police stations operating at the grass-roots security within a neighbourhood. 1. ARR BGT FE Ae Ha a A A 2. RNA KA 3. ADAH ATES EB. 4. RPAH T 5. RH ATER DMT o 6 7 8 IAA] TRH EWR. ERM ERE ERE. - Ww RRRALMT RAT. 1. RTI Master the following phrases (1) %e SH RH AH 2H BH RH FH RF Ee RRA Rs ais BE HAR THe BHR BHR -232-(2 (3) (4) (5 (6) (7) WRAL BGA RR BK te Hoth ehte emis ABE FRHE LHI MAKE BEELER PH ILAMA FRRHAMRA HHERLGAMS BPR RK Hes HTM RST RATA) ACD) RCA) ROADRE R(MF)FR RRR) E H(AR)ER R-k PAK BA+ER P2e F-HReY F-AKdW RAGS PH R-HEL ZABLE Zaye AFR NEE AREA NRRL AiR He REL NEMA BFA AL LAA Rb SABRE KPH Ras] eae BANFF FINFA+R MARR MARL ESA HRS MIT ALS YL A ae pIES PE HARE BAMGE PABTL MAPSY AMR ae eR KERR BAAFE GARE ERED TREE BA LILA PARAM BETH DRG HIE DLBIL BATRA FRI RI MART RS 2. AJR Pattern drills qd) (2) REA A? Ce aapate = g aA OF A AA BFR Rw ea ewe ERA? [atan | ea) AR ATT BEONRAG, aemsn RIERT TS BB, Mi SAHA 233.(3) Rel BE ZB? RAN EEA BIER (4) hi BT EEG? Ki, KH ATERA MPA T « (S) WM RAE HT RA? NE AES AAR (6) Rodi] BY Bedi) BEA (7) ARR ABIL te ae Ae mL 2 RAERFDET Le RARE | & RGKSR RR oe hGH BSA [Ba aR RR Aa pL PE RAKRS ER RE FR AR & % eR ik 482K BR Shik C9 tre te Ha RAT aR AR AS A AR @ Rib oh ARAL IRR ba KR RE AB ae A SB AFL ROH ak BB A PARR kB Mee RE Hk PDE Ah 8 Rit(8) NAZAR YT RA? HATE A A ABS BY Pr OS Ob de = * I RAR RR KRG FR Ba r 3. DRECH2) Classroom activity This game is to be played by two groups of students. ‘The students in Group A make up ten conditional clauses using “#152”, and the students in Group B are required to complete the sentences by making up ten corresponding clauses with “BL”. The scoring method is as follows: if Group B gives the correct answer, it gets one point; if it gives an incorrect answer and Group A can provide the correct one, then Group A gets the point. When the game is over, the two groups reverse roles and play it again, using the same scoring method. The group that gets the higher score wins. 4. SiG Conversation exercises [RAMA Talking about an incident] (1) A: AL, RM ATERLT. 2 HM AAA AH A BS (xinghdo) a4? : RREREBS, : FREY? : 060809742, : RHA MRE HG? : RR EAL 2 UR AFAR IL HO? ERR RAM. FFARR RMFNDH BG ARE MIL, RPA A HER, ATER, AFH. ORAS RANGED (2) A: BAL, WAR — Po BW wait RRA? Bz H+ AHHILE by aR? rrr rrr sey ow ~235--236- RPrFrore De : Stat ERI FEL HDR, WARM -RRAB SIL HY , A A ARAL AP HB RAE E ALBA LT. : DAT? MARA AG AA Hb BM, AR IE To MMNREAA 2 aH 2 WPAMERT A RABRAOS ILRI R AA : MAME ARAM BRAM, RI, AAR IL TS? : HST, CBRRRT AURKAT. > ERBEAH? 1 BRAAKWCAD, QILMRRLA AM, 2 MEIER AF? : MF, TRRARERAMA AMP RILDRRA, MEINE FRx VIR 2 : RA+ORCAFAT APEMEAPRAITAR, HHA, YA Fs BAT AB MB Ab (DU) XH, : BAVA T ARTIF Re a : GAT? RM RERIMMAT 5 : ETSY R? : LGRARP BHSRK A, PAIL ik Fo 15 A (Xinyongkd) UST. A! ARES ESA AF AEA (QuaSHT) , AAA) PASE Hapa,5. #BUG Describe the following pictures HD aR” 6. 3€hR4%9 Communication practice (1) Your teacher fell ill and was hospitalized. What should you say to her when you go to visit? (2) You rode your bike and knocked down an elderly person, What should you do? (3) Your notebook computer was stolen from your room. How do you report it to the police substation? KAT et MRAKAAKILG LA, WBKILM AMR —ARRE AM (xiGNglian), Ae 4es kK ILS KAMA BET ARREOHRAS, WAN AAEM TRAE RAR. DRY MR, CARRT RAR APE T BEMALYT. MMH TEER IR, —PRA SF AAR, AAT GAL, RUA IRA IR a ED” KA aT A TAT IR -237-Hf BLAH, ” ABASA IA) s “LAL RIL A vk» — 4 8K A ( jIngché ) RI” KASH: “TA 110%is, ” “ABA Fa (shdull)?” ABA RHA KA: “RAS” RAD ERA, MAA Hp BI Heid He AR, ER (AON) , ABA A Fh 77 (dG) KR, pA AB: “AP ARAL, FOR AN OY HA Fo AS a” RADAR: “WET A-AAMT . REE, IL RRA PR, TRA AA AER (Jingcha ) , dfGd LFA MEARE A, EE WP AtA.” “ZEAE IR te IL?” ARAL, “FEL! RAE!” ABA AAR PF (Xi) RT, F (shOU) 8 44 77 ALF (ido ) A 3h_E (di shang), AA AS) T ik bP 1. SH/FRRARASAIEFE The continuous aspect of an action or a state The aspect particle “2f” is placed directly after a verb to express the continu ous aspect of an action or a state. For example: PATA RA 0 HA GEA IFA 0 FEMEL AB A. de F 40 4 HG, When used in a sentence with serial verb phrases, in addition to emphasizing that the two actions in the sentence are happening simultaneously, the construction “V+ (+0)” also frequently indicates the manner of the action expressed by the second verb. For example: PNA ATE OER. RRB: “BIRR!” UAE R HELA A Fo -238-The negative form of this construction is “(#7 )+V+2", and its V/A-not-V/A question form is “V+3f+B841". For example: BARA? — Bakara. Ak BP RAS? — REG HP RR, CEABAA GA LEA RE. The construction “V+2#" is frequently used with words such as “#£", “IE 4E”, and “HW”. For example: KMS AA, WERTH BER WEA HER. Note that complements should not be used after the “V+2f" construction. We cannot say @ “fh ¥MLES+45HH", for example. 2. “Wk” The “Bk” sentence Besides the notional passive sentences, there is another kind of passive sentence with the preposition “#&” (often replaced by “fl” or “ik” in spoken Chinese), which is used to introduce the agent of an action, or to emphasize that the subject of the sentence is the recipient of an action. S(receiver)+“#¢"+O(agent)+V+other element Subject Predicate (receiver) | ir | (agent) Vv | Other elements A i ays mw at. MA | ak ame | o® aT. WAS AB ak A | & ATRA? see armani | ik se x RT. se “4 it K alt? If there is no need to introduce the agent of an action, “#” can be placed directly before the verb; however, this is not true with “4” or “ik” in spoken Chinese. For example: RIERA To BT AAT. -239-Note that a negative adverb or an optative verb must be placed before “@” (“Hy”, “iE"). For example: RALREARHA. (We cannot say: OBAMA HE. ) MEGRMAAZRA FA, (We cannot say; QI MH KB ALIGE, ) 3. HRANE“BI” “Ze” The resultative complements “3” and “#e” The verb “3” is often used as a resultative complement to express that an action has attained its objective. For example: TRRAIT REHEAT o GREEMRAART RA? —RERT , TRRAAEA, “Bl” can also be used to show that an action has ended in a certain place (with a noun or noun phrase of place used as the object), or that it has continued up toa certain time (with a noun or noun phrase of time used as the object). For example: WHENT EL, BMNFN KAT BRT » REG RPE BEAL “#£” is often used as a resultative complement to indicate that. a person or an object has come to be at a certain place (with a noun or noun phrase of place used as the object) as a result of the action, For example: MERGE RERERE AB 3) HS AE SBA, RNHERF L, HEE oR, 4. H05R---R--- The conditional construction “UJR---BR---” The firs the second clause denotes the result that is brought about by the first clause. ‘The clause introduced by the conjunction “4I48” presents a condition, and adverb “” (3) in the second clause often indicates a conclusion derived from the conditional clause. The word “i142” in the first clause may be omitted, For example: HORAK, MMRRET 0 FRAT hth ar BERK, (Ho R Meme RA, Mth ALB T1. K4}F# Differentiating homophones There are only over 1300 meaningful phonetic syllables with tones in the common speech of modem Chinese, but there are 3500 Chinese characters in common use. As a result, it is not unusual that some characters may have the same pronunciation. For example, the characters “if, iif, i” that we have leaned before are all pronounced y6u, and they are distinguished from one another only by their written forms. Therefore, when we study homophonetic characters, we must learn to distinguish them by comparing them in terms of form, meaning and word combinations. For example, “S#i%” cannot be written as “SiH” or “SFiib”, and “0K” cannot be written as “jHIK” or “fiBIK". 2. AKGHAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters a £ 7 SFE rén the ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems 4 strokes (Pay attention to the difference between “i” and “”.) oR OFS eR shi bunch (of flowers) 7 strokes (“AK” indicates the firewood, and “1” indicates the i rope which bundles the firewood.) 3. WSF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) #& béi Bok + Rk 10 strokes (2) #& zhudng f#e—> 7 + D+ B 15 strokes (3) #& shang (fF) > h4o 4+ > 4H 6 strokes 241-(4) % di fame + et] +d 11 strokes (5) #4 jiGncha (4 #) Kt + 11 strokes (6) % wan % am Fu 7 strokes (7) RE gebo wBworA+K +0 10 strokes MaowA+ e+ t 14 strokes (8) AB tuy (RE) fe—> A+ Bil 13 strokes (9) 4 ai (#4) Bo H+ K+ 11 strokes (10) # zhuyi wos; +E 8 strokes (11) 4 ting Weft Dt 7 + T i atvokes (12) 4eR rugud ww >ktev 6 strokes (13) $4 tang firH+ *t 15 strokes (14) wae didnshi ('€ #R) ALF + Rh 8 strokes -242-(15) #-F zhudzi Roe (16) #R jiégud (4 R) w%>e +440 (17) ® wan (#) Pom sg (18) #)3¢ ddomeéi (48148) Bl > 4 + al Bow (19) 3% hudi (3%) Hat + HR (20) 3.& xiGoxi Wop + he a (21) fir xiGiotou fir ~4 +A4—4 Q (22) jRxB A pdichisud hi +P tr (23) dK zhua M74 + MK (24) & did B> 7 +k + ] 10 strokes 9 strokes 9 strokes 10 strokes 15 strokes 7 strokes 10 strokes 11 strokes 9 strokes 7 strokes 6 strokes (Pay attention to the first stroke which is a left falling stroke, not a horizontal one.) ~243-~ Our leading characters are reviewing their achievements in) } studying Chinese during the past year. We will also review | and summarize the main contents that we have studied in | Volume Two. } S—+TAi® Lesson 26 (44 Review) } PRR EB HEL” T ou SN vee ev NN venee vn vaeyv HU ARP LAR Te? AROS T GE, aN ven 4s - 4 4NN Svoves EURTRSPRMA, PAW AL MMAR Y thik -7- Sah aia To KW, MEME PRR RRRE CEGREO RRM, SMRMEKP LUT 2 PRAMS MRA, -vNvowny anaes ACHHAO 244# Mm, Nvoeauveanvas -f vv vues 4h: i Rate EA op“ 2002— F BBM, ALAR S vv Nv. voeNVvVo«ss vves A AMR LE AH RAEI. that aNN VAN VN Nv AS KML KAR, RADU A AO ve venys --vove FXNN Nee » RT R-RA, SRAUNA MELB, ARATE ‘ VVvN eo Ne VV e VeNN eV AN RT 0 HeaCse/NH ES, RUA RAPE ROE, v oNovaen - 404 v- yvve 2 FPR HI ARETE ARY? MAOH APR DLA to RAR -N ve ee VAN A \\ovanyv an) ALUM PE RAR SLA RE Kok PAR, veers Nery ARFATAPAR, VN NN ev Ne Ne ee ve TA, MEM R-KAHEPR, BALA LRM, (THR BKARBS) BKA: voN «se --- vv ABATE RHE ZB? Emp Lt bak? RE. -245-TAR: aK OR: BRA: a HR BRA: vVoN = voN ea VAN oN AMT © - NV eRe VV VN Ls ARMA PHA, HARPRARILP AKT 5 sha 2 - oN VAN RF BA, KEP AK, ZARA, OF PARR HR vv - 78 WA BILP AKT 6 VAN VevVN er ove RRA REF FP Bo © VN Nvss vv oer eNN - 4% - Ne RMBEREY , BABE ABH, RD RMS vvovoN -f7vv NN ve NNve FP RBA ARI TP AFM, ER RE oN vV eee GMT P RT. MARR. HAY, KRMALG RIBERA, TRL FRE, ANY NN Vey PRULREY REEv Ne 44ee SoS vv Ne NN R ®: HALE AEA RGR PRAHA A, 3 z NN Oe NV 44e VV (onnea] SLB WAAR A ARI A SEE ewes) 2 TAK: SILA EIR LABAE A DI, MAMI BATE EE BAR WAAR IGE, PVA RAVED IRR KOM: POP DM ABT, RRALARMEP BADD 2, TRA THRE LHR AAA WF RBER PRE, BRA: OM, BIG Ao PAAR EE BRI, BUNA, THR: ARB Be! HOM, RAB, HARARE RA HIM “2002 —§ 1 Bh)” BE, FB? R HRD HOM, ALBINO -247-AE ja] Now Words 1. 2. 36 3. HU 4. RHE 5. ARAL 6. 1B 8 AR 9. Hate 10. Ap q 13, 14. & -248- v chéng zhOnggudtdng qingkuang shizdi yué Idi yue nan tédidn lisht bowuguan jtiban zhaénlan tdpian dui gan xingqu to become RIGID T , MAE T , BREET REMT an expert of China RP HIT, ALP BL, PE ay situation FAY HBL, AE BEL TEL, BOMMAOL VERE honest/truly; really #A3E7EHY, SHELA EEE ERY more and more ARICA BEY, AL HEAD HORE, BIT south JARzIIE characteristic; feature #4, 4 CASE, — MER RRA history Sj SEH, oH PAD se BRA AG museum J 2 1 , CAEL, FRIIS , — EE to conduct; to hold = APRS, AE Dp BRR UBE exhibition; show EINEM, SLR SS FRB, “2002—+h Fa” EY, HH FS, — 4 photograph; picture EWE , 7 EU BSE IRE to REISE, RF MBE, EH to be interested in sth. 4E 26 R&R , SP BSC HG NR WI RR Ca a TH RN16. 17. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 25. oe i. ke WFt PAE c7ay HR 5p ate 4 ARE vO < Adv gan xingqu jiéye jide zhdngcan si cai lido lGowai zhoéngguohud hua cai nayang to feel; to sense interest AHA ALE A POE TER ARKH to complete a course 4p, BAW T , Ab ot we to remember; to retain ig4 AE PHA ELTA, ie PANE Chinese food (meal) ne FPS, 3 tite ERE KR hungry 424, 7 AJL, RK ae KURT to die (GE, FE, HEHE, BIE dish; vegetable A EU3€, BAFT3E, Hk RN, SK, AK to chat WEA, BAL, WERE BO AEDE , WON FR Se, BEC H, BEEID foreigner LEE 4b,—NEDh RESb, BEIT to make Chinese in quality or characteristics; Sinicize #7 4JL‘H EL, RRR RE to change; to tum 4, 3646, BAL, Bart Just AFF, As, AEE, AMT —2)L such; so; like that (@EB*#4: HBRE(® PELEABAE 18 PUPAE ER -249-26, EF N qizi wife WEF AEF WEF 4 RFT 27. 4K-F ON xiGohudzi young man PER MKF, WKF, IKE 28, LK N zhangfu husband = MOLI, thst, MEAT 29. FIA N shéngdido tone RAAT WTSI, aE EP 30. $A A null to make great effort; to endeavor; to exert oneself = BHA, BALE, BARA WIR A 31. AA A rénzhén earnest; serious 4 UML, MIMI, BO RUR UIE 32. 2H A réqing warm; warmhearted; enthusiastic 734 TE ABRAM IMAS T 33, a N/V jinbu progress; advancement/to make progress HED RR, PERAK A A Late 34, BASE N mingnian next year HACE Dp WY AE SA lb , BA SEAR, BSE BR 35. Fe Vv péi to accompany BFL SE WL, PEBEF EER LKR 36. RILAR BK IE bu jitn bU Sdn don’t leave unless we meet ie v san to break up; to disperse HPFEAE AA] Sepvlomentary Words 1. TR v Hoje to understand; to realize 2. hE v shuxi to be familiar with 3. UG vo jianmian to meet; to see 4, Hab vo biyé to graduate; to finish school 5. BI Vv likai to leave; to depart from 6 Be N jingyan experience -250-1 BRE N fangfa method 8. Be N/V zhtinbéi Preparation/to prepare; to get ready 9 OR N yishy art 10. HE vO qingké to feast; to treat sb. to sth. (a meal) We RA N kérén guest 122. ER N yisi meaning 13. 4] M ju sentence Nae HEME 5 “I'm still not that good yet.” This is an expression of modesty that Chinese people often use when being praised. One can also say: “Bhi ,RIK2MRL”. Nowadays, Chinese people may also sometimes use “iffiff" to respond to others’ compliments. D BESEEMY , FOIE RE REMC PISCE T “Honestly speaking, I'm becoming more and more fond of Chinese culture.” The phrase “iii attitude of the speaker in a conversation, ‘The phrase “i}{#Cf4" has the same meaning. 119” is a commonly used expression that reveals the subjective The phrase “sii” expresses change in the degree of things with the progres- sion of time. For example: RIRAKAEBT HORE AAR AA Al. SD HUA BIE WARSIDE -MIT AAT EE. “From the south to the north, from the east to the west, every place in China has its own characteristics.” D 6X SCH ARN PLT. “Since you are so interested in Chinese culture, I suggest that you go and take a look.” -251-The object of the preposition “xf” often indicates the target of an action, Th- prepositional phrase “X{+NP” is often used as an adverbial in a sentence. For example: RH IVIL: UREA T 2” RH RRE,HAT o AWB TSR ATE o fost PB BARA AR, RATE BE. RTH ZIM RH IT “We are talking about the fact that you foreigners are becoming experts on China.” ‘The word “4b” is a casual, yet friendly way of addressing foreigners in spoke- Chinese. © Hi 4 RRA ABET o “Libo is certainly one of them.” The phrase “7A” means “certainly, needless to say.” It indicates that a ree- son is very clear, and that the listener also understands this. For example: EMARBLARLS ZMAKRARALT. FOR ROY ARR FE AR, ARAL» O RAB WGA FE ae PLEA 4 “I didn’t begin to become Sinicized until I arrived in Beijing.” The adverb “7” is contrary to “Bt”, and is often used to express that thing: happen later, slowly, or with difficulty. For example: WARA RK. (RERERKT « ) EAM ERG T ARTE. (ALO T — i BLOT HET.) RET EN DA, FEARAZ. (HET MAPRMEET. ) It can also express a small quantity or a short time. For example: DARE T 2RLE,RMADAT MET —%, Ap Ae (ROBEPR=*T. ) @ (GAH EAE IB RE BR Fal ME “Just do what some foreign students do: find a Chinese girl to be your wife.” -252-QD Edit Au eA ae FEAT. “The teacher and classmates are all waiting for us.” In sentences expressing that an action is going on, the aspect particle “2” sometimes may be used after verbs, For example: ELAR CRE. RAR AR WARD O AMA! “Don't leave unless we meet!” This expression is commonly used to emphasize that one must meet with the other (ie. one must wait until the other arrives) when setting up a rendezvous. ‘The listener can also respond with this same expression. ea: ir (erences KEY SENTENCES HEY, RAM RAB PIET HAD RAK A RA, RIED LAA RE EP HRM Y eR, - RAMEE A HE PH, : AP AEDT RERPERE BRERA, | ARS RRR MBT o : «RA Ee IRAE BON op LAER RF = ER Ho PAN AB EE AI PNADNRWHD HY 1. 94BE FPS Master the following phrases C1) RP AT RAFRRT RALHBRT ROBRAT (2) RRRAR RRA FRR AAR HE RRA ET RRA TT RRR RAE OP IL RAZ E RIE BIA RURAL Ret bE -253-(3) RRA AF 8) ERRATA HREM AGA RR RA PSE Le ADP LG RRR AL SAR LAE ER AG (4) FED FER A—-+dA A RR a ART FeR—K wie Rite RUA RUE MUG zg FARA A TAR RA MIL APR ROR FAP RAE Sh 4 PR RALAPS PROGR (6) F2RL FAH FER FoMPHe FAM aes CT) RADAR AR RABE RGR APART A A ARE R42 tp i AB AE (8) to RIFE RE CHR JRHEKRE wRFRBR FR RHRE FoR LAMA LA RE WR EM RIS, RRA YA (5 2. AJB Pattern drills CL) BRR EAR FE BB 8 aa ALKBZ ERE RRR | BA FRER FRR ie, cay RF WKPE-FBRAE RET, PLARR SREF LEH | soe SHAH EMA (2) &MPRK AA AE? A | yak mE AR AAT ABA ATE, | oer : ee SERED RAT one e a . GRO) AD Lae -254-(3) AHAB BRR Rat? 7" RET AA ¢ FB BRE RE BS RR RHR Le Lh RA alee L (4) hake Aan AB? Gone Geen ae nesses Cee Bia NEBBRRA Hi. Cs) a RGR (A) it LT (5) eA An 398 A 2 HE? te | BA Hest AEA HAE HAA HE BR T AB(liGojid) ck Be $2 BK (6) AHA REEE RE L? RA aH | AOATE ILM A BRARERT « aia #% & (shuxt) ER Bote 3. URAL) Classroom activity A game to build up a sequence of sentences on the topic of “talking about Chi- nese language studies”: The whole class is divided into two groups. The teacher starts the game with Group A by saying: “SARI WIE”. After that, students in Group A must continue to make up sentences, one after the other, so that the word at the beginning of each sentence is the same as the last word in the previous sentence. For example: “HU KAE VMI. "“WURE BA GMIES.” SEERA REE Jif. "++ Group B then takes their turn at the game. At the end, calculate the number of correct sentences made by each group to see who wins. -255-4. SHH Conversation exercises ClelZ (1) A: #RE#rG? B: RMT! A! BIN CA+ FR A Rm (jianmian) 7 -e7 Al RW, AAP AREA MILT? B: RAKAGRAG, A-KAALH, A: MRA A MAREK BAG? B: AR 1990 FAK, th 86 HAF (biyd) sve? ADA, RE BM RAHAT. As ARIE i2 FF ABR HE BAD? Bi SR, MRALK AASB FF (likGi) FHT A: REGRRERER , B: Ax, HiT eH, Al, LAMAR, WLABAKRAMT RSH, B: RGGI IEG T ALA, # Recalling past events } (2 (RIFF Talking about language studies] (1) A: MRE IT—#T ARARA-RW—H ACHE (jingyan). B: RAB, AEG RIBERA ARE, REAR AE, C: RAH FAH (FANGMG) RERRAR, HRA ARAL BREA, RKFRRIBE GREP AK, B OBR SAAS RAS PMA, WAR FAR AR Are BY 84 2B (2) A: REARS. RA (zhUNdDaI) AEX #2 Bi RA RIA AOS , DRAKE MER, Al BAEK AM — BAA ARIE UATE ARSE EDR do RIL ALA, AAAARH,Bi BIR, RAH RE OYA, TG RO? A: TA, EMS FFRAM I ME DAE RRA VE, B: 35, HEIR 5. HRI Describe the following pictures 6. 280R49 Communication practice (1) You and your classmates have been studying Chinese for one year. Talk about your own experience of studying the language. (2) In a high school reunion party, you meet many good friends from the past. You all recall and talk about your lives and studies in high school. ng Compréhension and Paraphrasing DEEZ (yishu) RELR-HER, RAMA, WEA, -257-Khe EA BE (Gingké) te — Hitt T waALRA (kerén), KTS AMER AR FRA RAST RIL A, ERMA AR MBAR T RAB WE KRY RR——RAREGRY TARE FEE MLA RB: do RRA AR ASIA AERTS” SLT DIL, THAR AMARA MAE BRGHRRREBT MAS LKB?” “SIE RMNAFAR, "RMA “A ARE MALEBABRE RK? "LAR: EBAT . "RMAF HS HN RBAMAT!” REA AEA L MILE HARARE 1B RRA A T ERs RAAMAAA HM RRA, MMARA! WIRRK AR— [UREA T BE. RA-BBALMILT 5 RUABEM DETER T 2 BARN EMA HERO ER, REAMAT AMER A CER RAIL OT ARIAT. UGE REE RIL, ” “VIB REE RM AB, “TRB AY ARATE AD ARE HRA?! "RRFAUAT. San ee (Ore Tam tena Cay 1. Shi] (2) Sentences with a verbal predicate (2) (11) “i+ AN") Sentences with “Jé-+-fi)” OR 2001 AATF BEA 0 RMNRALBRIRG 6 RMARREKERH RM EMR. ABRRARF ALR 6 (12) RAR FTENIA)F Sentences indicating existance OS By ay HAR ALA? BB LAP DEA BREREBA BL. ~258-13) FebKA WH] Notional passive sentences EMRE TRA? KHMER, 14) %2h/] Passive sentences MADBREAT o ATFRR ASHER. MTHEABBT . 2. SHYEENAS The aspects of an action (1) SERINE Completion or realization of an action or event HEBERT GAH, Hee T RG A WALES AMET RIOT, (2) ‘NASLAIAEAL, Changed circumstances RAMRBAT MRA, WA BRAT 6 DAHFFSATHBWT, RFU BIT, RAPE PEL EMT, BVSRARRT, (3) BHfEHVEF2E The continuous aspect of an action or a state RAN At EH IL RNP EILEWE, BENE. te F A PAGO, PERERE -259-(4) TAMARA Past experience ARM AH AL (ARF) 0 WMAERA Bit BATA (5) ShfE BIE AA An action that is going to take place in a short time RAFT. RAVARREAIRT © KERALA To (6) @VEAUBEAT The progressive aspect of an action Re EAE RA A? BAA BLN 0 RAMU RO HR, WEED GIL, HAR AEE 5 3. JUAPAMH(1) Various kinds of complements(1) (1) t#28%h% The complement of state BRALF 0 AAT GL) FH GE LAE A (2) #2HE#NH The complement of degree BREET 0 KRY Yt MAB ST, (3) #41 #h#% The directional complement WHAT RA? AMALRE 6 Ue RA) RR? RMTEBRFET 6 FAVE KIRA T 0 POM BILD DBRT o (4) 4i524M# The resultative complement RHET , TRH. MHSLMMSF. MERA A REA DWE RBLECBEBT, -260-A K BY ABA GH] HR AG? IPE AOR RRMA T (5) SHANE The complement of quantity EEE RRC ABE IE 50 He AR, Brose HF , HAG ARK A — BIL? (6) BYSt+#h# The time-measure complement WEILL T EH, te(S)RFET $ Katiq? K(P)RBLAST AFT, HORT EA at ag EK (7) Bhlit#hi: The action-measure complement APLAR L AT ia, EWR A T BRK, 1, KABEF Discriminating characters with similar forms Many Chinese characters have similar forms. To distinguish them, one must com- Pare the shape, number, and combination of strokes, and position of components in each character. For example: (1) L— — 4 1h AA (2) A——-K E—H£ 44+ K—E G3) %&—*%& B—ih_ BH R—AK (4) k—it® Y—mM H—H# # ce -261-2. ULSRAWF Learn and write basic Chinese characters QR Vrere shi history 5 strokes ay (—-+ F) dai evil 4 strokes (Pay attention to the difference between “2” and “4’”.) ak -FK zhang — unit of length 3 strokes (Pay attention to the difference between “3k” and “3¢”.) OR -— DHFR A fo husband 4 strokes f i t 3. USWX'hHWF Lea and write the Chinese characters appearing in the text (1) Pat gingkuang (Hs) wry + at de 7 strokes (Pay attention to the difference between “Je” and “3”.) to (2) HX lisht (JK) i> P+aA 4 strokes (3) Hen 48 bowugudn (+4494) Go++het 12 strokes (4) dp jan (ARM) #& > KR+F 9 strokes -262-WK Gianzitouy 1 WW We ae 5 strokes (5) JE zhGnlin ORE) * > WK 4+ Ju 9 strokes (6) AK gan xingqd (A HAR) Boe t+ Re 15 strokes (7) H&E (AR) ea > e+ R 10 strokes (8) % si Rr F+ eu 6 strokes (9) 5p lido ip > H+ op 11 strokes FF (qizlyao) 7 aa 4 strokes 10) £F qrzi B74 eee 8 strokes 11) sb 4k-F xiGohudzi (>) 4k > 4+ ok 6 strokes FP (srengaat) 7? 7 2 4 strokes 12) #74 shéngdido (A) BP 7>Ht+ FP 7 strokes Fo 4 + T+ Bt WD wo strokes 13) $A null Brk+ Lt A 7 strokes 14) FE péi Bo R+ete 10 strokes -263-SCALIA (ort ttere] ae Corer Dynasties in China The Title of a Dynasty | Years Five Dynasties Ha (Wudl) Around the 26" century B.C. to around the end of the Five Lords 22" century or the beginning of the 21* century B.C. B xa) Around the end of the 22 century or the beginning of Xia. Dynasty the 21* century B.C. to around the 17 century B.C. RW (Shang) Around the beginning of the 17" century B.C. to Shang Dynasty around the 11" century B.C. il (Zhou) Around the 11* century B.C. to 256 B.C. Zhou Dynasty % (Qin) 221 B.C. to 206 B.C. Qin Dynasty oe 206 B.C. to 220 AD. Han Dynasty pe ene ee . | =H) (Sangus) 220 to 280 ‘Three Kingdoms Gin) 265 to 420 Jin Dynasty | WEIGH) (Nan-B8i Chdo) Norther and Souther 420 to 589 Dynasties Mm Su) 581 to 618 Sui Dynasty it (Tana) 618 to 907 Tang Dynasty Bit — Widai) 907 to 960 -264-Years | The Title of a Dynasty | 960 to 1279 ® — (Song) Song Dynasty Ze uSD) | 1206 to 1368 Yuan Dynasty 5B] (Ming) Ming Dynasty i = (Qing) Qing Dynasty T | 1368 to 1644 | 1616 to 1911 After having studied 26 lessons, you should have mastered over 800 new words, about 700 Chinese characters, and 197 key sentence patterns. You have studied Chinese phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, and Chinese characters at the beginner’s level. You have also gained some knowledge of Chinese culture. Now, you should be able to converse about daily life in Chinese and read simple Chinese texts. ‘This is a good beginning. The next four volumes of the New Practi- cal Chinese Reader will help you to communicate more freely in Chinese and to further understand the Chinese culture. Besides, you must be ea- ger to learn the further adventures of our characters in China in the coming year. ~265-SETHI Lesson 15_ aA LYS OM: AMA RARE TAR: MARATAY KAA AM ADR FRR EM : RG? RATAN, FFRBRLLMHRRG, DR-ERGRS VARE? RGR -RELCPARH, BRRZEL BRT PAAR, Hh: HEP GAGS LEG? KMRGLOLE MARRRT! ABRRW AEE RIE? 2 RRMA AE RS PEATE EAR? LATED VA, EKER RA, KK: MERE ATLA? KREME AMT REN TRSWTH MMNAMPLEA A, Hh: EM, RURBADRRT ERD BC, ALT. KM, DM ROA RERAR, ERATRH, LAR: BSG RFLAATERARY, HR-K, BK: AMP! PARR MARAT SH? KM: REAORARALBAT. PRAM ALR, BRA: ATRERT . UMA, RMAMILT ? OM: RBRE BET WERK? ORALML SKS: HORST. LREBR? RHEBFLERREEPR RR? HOM: RAT, LARA ALAR HAR MAIRTS HHLS RRERL A, EKA: LERGHAER? RM: RORKH, LHAMKMRMABAS ANT RSH. HRA: LRARMRELAS, MIE BR? AOR, MMAR, FEARBHALRAA :RPREE RB? 1 ERR NRAE”,SETTAB Lesson 16 -"s"@ =< Me > 3s RARAA AMAR HARA B4HM4 es - FY BB 4m 48 + We OO bw HK s 3 > Sat 4 at A: 2 BARTS 2 HARK, AR AAS — RRR RET ERR, 1 RRP RAR th RYE, 2 RAT. BLA EP BS PE RATH, “HS? Bed Mis I 2 ERMA SH, RNBb, : RMB SEAA, MAE RSH, RIN EEE, hie eae T PRM TAA EG? 2 TAPE RAR BIT, RHA REMMRAZ, RHAT GH? BACHK. “TAR. EB" Hp AR? aZA, 8—2—A? MARRS “R", “REE? BPR ET. thteik AAO RT PAMELOR T 2: RAMEE RM TS fom N? i WIT EDS MBAR, PPRMUBHARS . Ai MAL RAR T RE EAR? ROBERN, TRAPS ERAS BELARS NM, AH RBRAAA 2 RABIES MG SUA ARC ER BART 2 EOE TAS Henk a? : TA —18 A. AE RAE, 8 FBMT BARAK, :ANRR TO AAR, AEELET. ASR? : AS RM-AAAL, BAT OAS, BAT PR MA RARE, 2 EA, RIERA MIL? AR SLATE Hh AEE, 1 WP AA PRE HHA? 1. BR — RAT RRA). -267-( S+ti® Lesson 17 LAME NE MSL AAR? Ue soi? th RAGE F Henk MT 2 THR: BRAKE To TRA CMT T ARAL A tk aR do iB AFF PARAS LAK OE ey ST AMO RG DSRS HK TAM EORGR-ROK HHO L. HABLA RE PRI? Kh: AT EMMG RRERMBK, RAF-APARM, 2 ART! UF PAZ ARO Te RUT AR ab RHE ay? : RGR MH, E: RLEMOH, GM RB, MNS Re Ty? 1 RREKEH URAKRT HY, RRL? E: AERP, MURBS, THAI. :H-BLEMK, ANF PHA AERLAMAL, SBSH HHS ca it Hon Se te We MABE T LY RMRERH a RAR? ROMAN T RYT. HBR? 2 Alt A AOA ARM RAMA T 2 REAM, TAS AA. EAE Me HE BART 2M EAR EAT HE ARF ABM tH Oh HRA : ETAR-R, 1 REREHABL ARR? 1 RE Hb, BH RETARD aR, BS Rae, 2 EAE AME idl, RE, th AE RAR? : REREHAMT. 2H BA AF RIL, RARER, AT Ey HB eH He HAD. ERR, 2 WH, AMET ARES, ERS, 2 GE 0 HAG GAD a 85 IRIE : TREES. 2 HME SF? + KAT RR, + RA ERA BS PHC RANE, RE, MARA NOT. KFS ARH? BRBRR MAS HAR? aes RRM RMS SHEE REM EH RHSB) \GR Lesson 18 RRR BARA RARERARH Ber | I. Aes I Nh, RK F HOR, RA Fo : BLERAHH, PIOAFAPLH, MAASRKLMH, BAAWKRA FMECHER, TRUCKERS T. FUE. HRR-HEAR, HABUHLAWSF, : D4, RES GR. FDR fo RR, HREM ARRAN, HE MR, FAM MAB SL? BRAM, MET UEHAMBS, 2 Sb, 1 BBR TM BEAR OD SLT. REE RE EM? SPAT RPL A ERHAOLBAAAH GAA, HMRC. RAT AMAL +: MAREBRA, F-3WN, FROREHSH ACHR MEP RR. 2 ASHE, EL oe RTP AMAARAN, FAA. RMA T i MAAR ST VAAL PE Pe, ZB Sa a a PY RAG? HART! RRS ATM. kik, PERAK, RHR, HEME, KA MME RA LARS ORT ENE TRA? A: RMET, TREAT. Kk: RHR-H: HRM PRT HS? RBRT Aakese! BR oe BR? Ay: WH MORO BRET. SS ore or ors SD -269-S+Hi® Lesson 19 qT HBd ERE N— Be © TAR: OMAP T AMBRAAM ME, OM: RPT URI, SRA-RRAM—OLF, Tak: KAGE! KM: AMT REFEREES, THR: RRR, URERP DE, RAP RAG RHR E POE, ttle. RPHREET SET? ROM: MT, CRE TH—FT! RARMEREL—EEER”, TAR: KKH, REERAMM-KERPAE, TRUALATE, AEGLHA SRS EMS PARR, LALAREE HS EA, HMR, OB AE BAR? TAK: WS RMRAE PAE, SRR. KM: RMN-M PAE. KEREWH-LRE ARB? TAR: EAE HGRAMT, RVG LER’ MEW RRE, A OM: ERASER? TAR: ATARM! ATAR TH HM, TAK: AMORA T We ELT HORA RR, RERKLLOM HE? KOM: HC, ARE PER i ER? 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OM, RRL -277-BEREREBKA-H MA Abbreviations for Grammar Terms Abbreviation Grammar Terms Grammar Terms Grammar Terms in English in Chinese in Pinyin A Adjective ERA xingronget ‘Adv Adverb alia fuci AsPt Aspect Particle aa BHA dongtai zhuci Conj Conjunction iia) linet IE Idiom Expression ATE xiguan yongyti Int Interjection "ia tanet M Measure Word tia] lianget MdPt Modal Particle iA Bia igi zhuci N Noun Rial mingei NP Noun Phrase Si it mingel dudnyti Nu Numeral cal shuci 0 Object ie binya Ono Onomatopoeia sia) xiangshéngei Opv Optative Verb fe Bahia) néngyudn dongei Pt Particle Shia) zhuci PN Proper Noun 2A Gia zhuanydu mingei Pr Pronoun (tial daict Pref Pref: i citou Prep Preposition St ied jiéct Pw Place Word st didianet QPt Question Particle ‘AE (3) Bia) yiwén zhici Pr Question Pronoun Se LG yiwen daici s Subject Lif zhuiyti StPt Structural Particle Sty hid jiégou zhici Suf Suffix ae olwéi Tw Time Word ‘a a 3a shijianci v Verb a donget vc Verb plus Complement ahah hia) dongbiishi dongei vo Verb plus Object HRA shia dongbinshi dongei vP Verbal Phrase ahi ais dongei dudnyti -278-ia] B25 ( fe] BAT AR) Vocabulary Index (Simplified Script with Traditional Version) iWl& Se iad He BE SE RS A & (v) ai to love 20 Ra AE (N/V) aihao: hobby/ to like 19 Rt th (N) aiging love 2 B ba (denoting the disposal of sth.) 16 bai white "1 bangéngshi office 16 bang to help; to assist 2B bangmang to help B bao to wrap 18 baogus parcel; package 18 béibian north side 21 béifang north 2B bai by (used to indicate the passive voice) 25 bi than indicating eomparision) 17 bisai match/to competes to have a match 21 bian number of times (of action) 2 bidnhua change 4 bido form; table; list 16 bié don’t 18 biéde other 19 bingmayéng (ceremonial clay statues of warriors and 15 horses which are buried with the dead) béwiguén museum 26 buicud not bad 16 budan not only m4 bu géindang Treally don’t deserve this, 19 bu jin ba san don’t leave unless we meet 26 buténg different 21 boxing not be allowed; won"t do 16 bu cloth 19 a 36 (M ) bu (a measure word for films, works of lit- 22 erature) c 4 4 (Ady) cdi just 26 a aL (N) cailiao. material 19 R & (N) cai dish; vegetable 26 SR Sm. (Vv) cGnguan to visit (a place) 15 £ £ Ww) cha to cheek; to look up 16 -279--280- ae wa ini (A) (A) (PN ) (PN ) (M ) Ww) (N) (N ) (N) WW) (Nn) (N) (N) (wv) W) ) (PN ) (N) (nN) (Mt) (Prep) (Adv ) (a) cha chang Chang’ an Da Xiyuan Changchéng chang chang ché chezhan chénshan chéng chéng chéngke chéngshi cho chara chiziché Chan Jiang Hua Yue Ye) chantian cidign ci cong cénglai cun cud dadi dasuon dajia daxue daxuéshéng dai danshi dang daoyou daomei de déi a diannéo dignshi diantt ding dia dongbian dongtion not up to standard; poor; bad long the Chang’ an Theatre the Great Wall matchs set; (a measure word for sports, films, performances) to sing vehicle bus stop shirt to become city passenger city to go or come out to set outs to start off taxis cab (a famous, traditional Chinese music composition) spring dictionary (imeasure word for actions) from all alongs always village wrongs erroneous to take a taxi to plan; to intend / plan all; everybody. university; college university student; college student to bring buts whereas; yet to serve as; to be tour guide bad Tuck (structural particle) to need; must; to have to low place; region regional opera underground railway; subway map for ordinal numbers) computer TV elevator peak; tip to lose east side winter 7 16 22 21 19 18 21 7 26 24 18 16 20 20 20 23 18 15 15 22 18 22 23 18 24 21 16 2 23 15 15 24 22 22 18 24 25 16 19 23 25 21 23FARR AR me wr aaa aa Se Re cs wR oh ER FH Hak AE FR we x BR Hos (Vv) (M) (A) (Prep ) (N) (N) (a) (Conj) (Vv) (VO/N) (Vv) (N) (A) Ww) Ww) (vo) (vo) (N) (Adv ) (N) (N) (Mt) Ww) ding du duan dui dui dulyuan é érqié fazhan, fa fakuén fanyi fanguan fangbian fangwen fang fangjia fangxin fei feichang feng fenggé fo gan xingqu gang gao gébo gongfen gonggongaiché gongxt gongyuan gongzud rényuén gudion gushi quai guan guainit Gudingzhou guojic gud guogi guogu to understand degree (for temperature) short to team team member hungry but also; and also to develop to punish; to penalize to impose a fine or forfeit / fine to translate; to interpret restaurant convenient to visits to call on to put; to place to have a holiday or vacation to set one’s mind at rest; to be at ease; to feel relieved airplane very; extremely; highly wind styles manner (measure word for painting, cloth, etc.) to be sb.’s tum to do sth. to build touching; moving to be interested in sth just; only a short while ago highs tall arm centimeter bus congratulations park ‘working personnel; staff member classical story; tale to tun to close; to tum off to manage; to administer Guangzhou country to pass to be overdue to pass 15 23 W 26 2 2 26 24 15 16 16 16 20 24 22 25 18 23 15 19 22 19 15 22 26 15 7 25 7 18 20 7 15 22 2 2 25 24 23 21 16 16 7 ~281-eR i rh ie ME BARR HR ee Ea (eB) PR Few xa ERE e ae BL tee aM ah & ee ME BARR FR oii cs (He FY 4m RK #8 46) 4 = % ER ER a (N) (AsPt) (N) (PN ) (N) (N) (IE ) (v) (A) (A) (A) (PN ) (N) (N) (N) (N) (Aff) WW) (N) (N) (N) (vo ) (A) (Vv) Ww) (N) (N) (Conj) guoqu guo haiguan Hainan Dao haiyun hangkong haojit bujian héoxiang héshi hei hong (Hénglou Meng) huzhao huar huayuan huayuan xidoqa hua hua hua huaijia hudr huazhuang huai huan huan hudche hudguo huozhé jigncho jian Jianguo Men jianyi jido jidoqa jidosho. jidolian jiégud jigye jie in or of the past (indicating a past experience) customhouse ; customs Hainan Island sea transportation; ocean _shippings ocean freight aviation haven’ t seen (sb.) for a very long time to seem; to be like suitable; appropriates right black red Dream of the Red Chamber passport flower garden garden district to change to paint dialect; language painter; artist painting to put on makeup bad broken to give back; to retum to exchange; to change train hotpot airplane extremely to remember to remember; to retain technology; skill reporter to make an extra effort; to cheer sb. on to examine to see; to meet with Jianguo Men (a place in Beijing) to make suggestions/advice; suggestion to hand in; to hand overs to pay (the rent, ete.) suburb; outskirts to teach coach result; outcome to complete a course to borrow; to lend 18 7 7 7 22 18 20 2 2 20 19 15 19 19 20 25 16 15 20 20 20 23 7 18 2 23 25 22 18 23 16 20 23 21 16FR SaRK & Mee (N) ay (N/V ) 1838 wv) eR) (N) RE (N) € (A) it (Adv ) HS (N) Bw (N) it (v) a) (N) RE Ww) me (Ny) we (vo ) mn (vo ) as (v) MRR (VO) e W) SK (WN ) TK (IE) A (Nn) BR (A) BR (N) AF (PN ) za (N) & (A) ze (A) 9 (N ) Rg (A) ae (Prep) EG#) (N) BX (N) 4 (Mt) ad Ww) (FT) (N) wal (A) a (N) 3% (N) ee (N) * (A) FR (Vv) SSRR (A) BE (Adv ) # wv) R (A) ji@shazheng jinbu jingguo iingja Jingsé jiu iia jidjiu jiuma jabn jotuan juéde jués® kaiche kaimen, kaishi kai wanxido kao kdoshi kébu kebén keqi keting Kongzi kongbdi kuai 160, lGowai lei fi (bian) lisht liang ligo ling (xia) lig long to lushang ii} méton mémahoho mashang mai man library card) progress; advancement/to make progress to pass; to go through; to go by Beijing opera scenes scenery; landscape olds past; used exactly; precisely uncle (mother’s brother) aunt (wife of mother’s brother) to conduct; to hold opera troupe; theatrical group to feel; to think character; role to drive a car to open the door; to begin a day’ s business to start; to begin to crack a joke; to make fun of to give or take an examination; to test to give or take an examination/examination; test exactly; rights that’s just the way it is textbook polite; courteous living room Confucius blank space fasts quicks rapid old; experienced foreigner tired away; off; from in; insides within history (a measure word for vehicles ) to chat zero ( below zero) fluent dragon route on the road; on the way green to bother sb. ; to trouble sb. so-so; careless right away; immediately to sell slows slowly 16 26 18 19 23 18 15 pa 26 7 22 7 19 16 16 24 16 18 2 23 19 15 19 26 23 a 18 26 24 26 23 15 23 18 20 7 7 19 25 7 16 782RRA an ae ced RMA Ka x RR Rak ae AEH & wry Ht IE ) (A) (N) (N) (M ) (N) (Vv) (Pr) (N) (A) (N) (A) (N) (A) WW) WW) (N) (vo ) (N) (N) wv) Ww) (M ) (M ) (A) (N) (M ) (N) (N) Ww) (PN ) Ww) (N) (N) (Nu ) (PN ) (N) (Ny) méi guanxi mai mishoguén mén mi minyue minzd mingnian mingxinpian mo na nayang nan nén nian nidnging nongmin ni pa pai pai pdidul paichasud pangbion pao péi pi pian pianyi pido pingfangmt putonghua qi qi Qi Baisht ipo qt gichs giwen ian giénbian Qidnmén gidnnian gingkuang Q never mind; it doesn’t matter beautiful art gallery doors gate; entrance meter folk music played with traditional instruments nation; nationality next year postcard Chinese ink to take; to holds to get such; 0; like that south difficult; hard grade young farmers peasant to make great efforts; to endeavor; to exert oneself to climb to pat; to beat; to take ( a picture) lines row to form a line; to queue up police substation side to mn to accompany (measure word for horses) (a measure word for essays and articles) cheap ticket square meter the common speech (mandarin) wife to ride (name of a well-known Chinese painter) cheongsam; a long, formal dress with a slit skirt to rises to get up automobile; motor vehicle; car air temperature thousand front; ahead Qianmen (a place in Beijing) the year before last year situation 7 19 19 18 21 20 20 26 15 19 16 26 26 22 24 15 26 23 23 22 15 25 19 19 7 18 21 15 26 19 7 23 18 23, 15 18 24 26BA (N) (N) Ww) (A) (A) (N) (a) (Conj) (N) Ww) (N) (vIn) Ww) (N) () (A) (N) (WIN ) (AIAdv) wv) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N) wv) (mM) (A) (N) (N) (N) Ww) WwW) (Conj) (Conj) (Pr) (Pr ) (N) (PN ) wv) (M) (Adv ) (N) (v) Ww) giatian git qu qunién re reqing rénminbi renzhén rgué shan shang shangdian shang shang shangbian shangyan sho shéngdido shenghud shizai shi shourt shouhudyuan shdupidioyuén shicdi suiran sudyi ta tamen taijiquan Taishan tang tao, tebié téedian A ti autumn ball to takes to gets to fetch last year hot warm; warmhearted; enthusiastic Renminbi (RMB) ‘eamest; serious if hill; mountain to hurt; to wound shop; store to go up; to get on / last; previous to be engaged in (work, study, ete.) at a fixed time aboves over; upward to stage a show; to perform few; little tone to live/life hhonest/truly; really to try on; to have a try income; earnings shop assistant; salesclerk ticket seller; conductor vegetable bookstore to count bunch (of flowers) handsome; smart thin slices of mutton boiled in water level silk to die to take someone somewhere; to see someone off although; though 0 it they (refering to things, animals) Taiji Boxing Taishan Mountain to lie (on, down) set; suits suite extraordinary; especially particularly characteristic; feature to kick to put forward; to raise 23 a 18 21 20 26 15 26 23 25 7 16 24 21 22 15 16 26 7 24 17 18, 24 21 15 25 17 20 2 7 26 25 2 20 19 19 7 23 25 17 2 26 2 23 -285-Ra t ih 40 # Ae on OF Om am RB Fw BR Fe Fm aR He NR IRF ase sit, -286- KM cr me ok Bit aa GR am BU Fit RA Fs Fi ae a Me anak DBF abe ane at aE R gee WW) (N) (N) WW) (N) (N ) (N) (N ) WwW) Ww) (PN ) (Prep) (Vv) (N) (N) (N) (N) (vo) (N) (PN ) aeg2e22e3 See 22222 ey (vo) (vo) (Adv ) WwW) (Prep) WwW) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N ) (PN ) Ww) tupian tshaguén tul waibian wan won Wangfujing wang wang weishéngjian wenshi wenhud wenzhang wen lu weshi xi’ an xibian xiang ait xiguan xiyuan xia xia xidbian xiatian xia xus xia yo xian xidngxiang xiang xiang xiGoxi xigiohdir xidohudzi xigoshi xiGoshud xigotou Xidio Yanzi xiao to improves to increase to fill ins to write strip; long narrow piece; (a measure word for objects like rivers, dragons, trousers) to stop; to park advice note; letter of notice classmate; schoolmate to steal photograph; picture library leg outside to bend to finish to run out of (name of a famous commercial district in Beijing) to; toward to forget ‘washroom; bathroom greenhouse culture; education; literacy essay; article to ask directions (a route) bedroom (name of the capital of Shaanxi Province) west side + the West Weste-style clothes; suit to be accustomed to/habit theatre shrimp to go down; to get off/next below; undemeath summer to snow wester to rain first; before to imagine towards; to to be alike; to take after news kid child young man hour novel; fiction thief (name of a Chinese tour guide) to laugh; to smile 2 16 23 18 2 26 16 25 2 25 25 15 18 16 2 24 24 20 24 21 15 22 20 17 20 22 19 16 21 23 24 16 19 24 25 4 26 7 2 25 23 25a & (Mt) some 18 a a (A) new 16 Fe Fe (A) hard; toilsome 24 a RF (N) xinnian new year 20 (HRM CHA (PN) Xin Shiyong New Practical Chinese Reader 16 Rie RE Hanyti Kebén RA) RA) te #t (N) xin letter 15 tt ft Ww) xing to be 0.K. 2B Bal Bal (N) xingbié sex; gender 16 HS HE (N) xingming name 16 ee teh (PN) Xd Béihong (name of a well-known Chinese 19 painter) FR eR (N) XUéxiIO school 21 s t (N) xu snow 23 Y RE Be (N) yansé colour 17 aR m Ww) yan to act; to perform; to play 2 RH RA (N) yanyuén actor or actress; performer 2 RA RA (v) yanzou to give an instrumental performance 20 ae Be (N) yangtai balcony 21 WE BF (N) yangzi shapes sample; model; pattern 17 ER GRE (N ) yiyaotei medical expenses 25 -z -z (Ady) yiding must; surely 7 He tH (IE ) ythuir a little while 16 —# th (A) ylyang the same; alike 19 DE aR (N) yihou afters afterwards a es (Adv) yijing already 7 hit (N) yigién before; ago; previously; formerly 2 BA wv) yiwéi to think (with more subjectivity) 25 BR (N) yintian cloudy skys overcast sky 2B BA (Conj) —_yinwei because 20 TRE (nN) yinyuahul concert 20 WaT (N) yinhéng bank 15 Re (N) yingbang pound sterling 15 RL (nN) Yingweén English 18 am (Vv) ying to win 21 A WwW) yong to use 15 HE (A) youméi graceful; fine; exquisite; elegant 22 ae (v) you to swim 19 wat (N) youcdii greasepaint 19 oS 3 (N) youre postage 18 aa (N) youhua oil painting 19 eR 3 w) youyéng to swim 2B wi A (Pr) youde some 2 x x (Adv) you again 20 oe ab (N) you right 2 BA wit (N) youbian the right side 21 od 4 (N) yo rain 4 & ik (a) yuan far 2 ABA] AeA) (N) yueju the Shaoxing opera 2 ARAL RA (IE) yue Idi yue more and more 26 AS RS (N) yueqi musical instrument 20 ~287-ae watt) ahs Rak eR Pate ras Bs PX -288- ae va fr A Hath RE Pe Pate rae at PR AH af 28 zt a RF aw Atte RR At Ble (N) (Adv ) (Pr ) (A) (A) (N) (N) w) (N) (vora) (N) (Pt) (Pr ) (A) (Adv ) (N) (Adv ) (N) 22 SRSSSPSSSSSASSSSSSsae z yuequ zai zénmen zaogao 260 zhanlén zhan zhan zhangtu zhdojf zhdoxidngji zhe zheme zhéngshi zhéngzdi zhiye zhi zhi zhongean zhongguchua zhongguohua zhonggudtong zhongshi zhong zhonglei zhong zhong zhijué zhttyao zhoyi zhua zhuang zhudzi ait ingché zu Zugid zudbian 20 zuowei musical compos used to indicate an action in progress) we, us in a wretched state; in a mess; too bad early exhibition; show station; stop to stand husband to feel anxious/anxious camera indicating the continuous aspect) so; such; like this formal in the process of; in the middle of; (key word of a progressive construc tion) ‘occupation; profession only paper Chinese food (meal) to make Chinese in quality or charac~ teristics; Sinicize traditional Chinese painting an expert of China Chinese style kind; sorts type kind; sorts types variety to grows to plant serious; heavy leading actor or actress main to pay attention to to clutch; to catch; to arrest to knock; to collide table; desk oneself bieycle to walk; to go the left side (a measure word for mountains, buildings and other similar immovable objects) seat 20 24 18 18 15 26 18 23 26 20 20 25 22 20 24 16 19 19 26 26 19 26 7 22 22 25 22 19 25 25 25 25 16 25 7 a 21 24 2SbF Supplementary Words iW ae ate De HE RS A BA RA (N) Giren husband or wife; spouse 24 B & = (A) bdo thin 17 at ae (A) béishang sad; sorrow 22 Bab RE (vo ) biye to graduate; to finish school 26 BB. ca (nN) bianfan a simple meal 2 & a (nN) bido wateh 17 ab at () bi to mend; to patch; remediation 25 a * (N) bu cloth; fabrie 7 REL RERH (IE) bd zénmeyang not so good 2 c x & (nN) cai food; a dish 15 RE RE (N) aidan menu 2B BR Be (N) chalou tearooms; tea house 16 RE ae (N) chéngshi city 15, 21 we we w) chichai to go on a business trip 21 Ra 395 (A) congming clever; bright 18, 22 D aa aay (vo ) dazhé to sell at a discount; to give a discount 17 a a (N) dao knife 25 a 2a (Nn) difang place 15 3h ee (N) dishang ground; floor 25 RE CER (my sibnyingyuan, cinema 21 R # w) dito to drops to fall 25 a a wW) dong to move 2B Ea ® wv) dong to freeze 4 a Bi (M ) dun (a measure word for meals) 22 aR ge (A) dusyt superfluous; uncalled for; suxplus 20 E LF RF (nN) erzi son 15,18 F Bat eat wv) fadou to shake; to tremble; to shiver 24 wk Rik (N) fangfa method 26 wid Be (N) fangjian room, 16 as at (M ) feng (measure word for letter) 18 -289-aa BA opie te Ts BA RF (N) (Mm) (vo ) (N) Ww) (PN) (N) (N) wv) (vo ) (M ) (N) (Vv) (M ) (A) (N) () (N) gangqin gongjin guashi guandiin guan Guangdong guéji haizi haipa Hangzhou houbian hutyi build jichaing jinion jiayuan Jia Baoyt jiantei jionmian jinzhusht jiangjan {iso jidoya jié(ren) ji¢han jiemo Jingyan jingcha jingche ju kaféiguén kaishi ke ke kerén ka kuzi laorén Ika tigngkuai liang ligobugt piano kilogram (kg. ) to report the loss of something opinion to discipline Guangdong Province nationality child to be afraid Hangzhou back; behind to reminisces to recollect; to recall exchange rate airport ‘commemorate Canadian dollar (name of the leading male character in Dream of the Red Chamber) to reduce; to be on diet to meet; to see architect general foot to teach; to educate to pick up (someone) to get married program experience policeman police ears police van sentence coffee bar to starts to begin (a measure word for trees, plants) thirsty guest to cry; to weep trousers; pants the elderly; the aged; old man or woman to leaves to depart from cool (a measure word for vehicle) amazing; terrifies extraordinary 19 18 25 19 19 16 16 16,19 23 2 2 2 15 24 18 15 2 19 26 2 20 19 24 22 19 25 26 21 16 23 23 26 22 17a RE RR HE Re #8 Ti Rt KER m 3h BK AR e HA W) (N) (PN) (N) (N) (A) (N) (vo ) W) W) wv) (N) (vo ) (Ady ) (A) (N) (N) Ww) (N) WwW) (N) (vo) (vo ) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N) (a) Ww) (N) (N) Ww) (N) (M ) w) liaojis ligozi Lin Daiya méiyuan mult nénbian niéniing nudnhuo ouyuan paobus pian a aitei gingtion aingke ranhou rénao shan shanshut shao shé shéjl shéng shénghud shéngqi shi shirén shibing shou shout shou sho shadian shote shuxi shu shuang st to understand; to realize material for making clothes (name of the leading female character in Dream of the Red Chamber) U. S. dollar catalogues list south side age warm Euro to run, jog to cheat; to trick to ride; to sit on the back of to take off sunny sky to feast; to treat sb. to sth.(a meal) then lively; bustling with noise and excitement hill; mountain landscape to bum snake to design sound; voice to make a fire to get angry; to take offense poems poetry poet soldier hand cell phone thin to lose bookstore; bookshop handwriting; calligraphy to be familiar with tree pair to die 26 17 15 16 2 16 15 19 23 26 18 16 2 21 2 20 2 19 2 2 19 2 19 19 26 23 7 22,23 ~201-Thi HH MF KK RATA KS BES KR RK iti sea BF RK RRR RE te e RH RE RK wR BFee me RE me jae Ft be Ht sf AF AB ae +i 1538 aia BAER HI BR (PN ) (PN ) (N) (N) WwW) (N) -292- vit Bait 2 ake HE (N) (N) (N) (N) Sa Hong ‘Sdzhou sinzi taitai tian tiangi yubao tiantang tido tie ting tingchéchang toufa toran wan wan shi ri yi weixian wenda xia xidinjin xidng’ ai xiangsheng xiangzi xignglian xiGoxué xiézi xinféng xinyongka xinghdo xingli xingfa xing xigjian xujie yozhouxus xi yanjia yooshi ye yeyd yilu ping’ an yigian yisho yisi yinyueting youpiaio Ww Y Suzhou and Hangzhou Suzhou ‘grandson wife; Mrs. to add weather forecast heavens paradise (a measure word for long, narrow objects, such as trousers, skirt, snake, ete.) to sticks to paste to stops to cease parking lot hair sudden/suddenly to finish May all your wishes come true. dangrous questions and answers to scare; to frighten cash to fall in love comic dialogue; repartee box; cases trunk necklace primary school shoes envelope credit card model; type baggage; luggage happy bear to builds to construct to renew Department of Asian studies to study; to discuss; to consider key page amateurs spare time to have a pleasant journey; bon voyage before; formerly; previously art meaning concert hall stamp 21 2 18 22 20 21 17,20 18 23 7 20 23 16 25 15 22 7 24 25 20 7 18 15,25 25 24 20 23 21 16 15 16 7 19 19) 18mit Bk Rw E 3b i PRAT he are aE RRM Rm (N) (vo ) (Aa) (PN ) wv) (N/V ) (N) (Adv ) (N) (N) (Adv ) yuding yudn yuénlin, yuan yualénshi zazhi zhangéng zhéngchéng Zhonggu6 Minhéng zhudng, zhiinbai zixingché z6ngshi zu Zugiéchang Zui to reserves to book (measure word for Chinese currency; suai) garden park far reading room magazine to stand guard normal ; regular Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) to pretend to be sth. /sb. preparation/to prepare; to get ready bikes bicycle always foot soccer field the most 16 15 a 19 16 16 24 23 23 18,26 19 7 20 21 20 9903

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