Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology (9696/13/M/J/17)

1 Fig. 1 shows two storm hydrographs from the same rainfall event.

(a) Describe the main differences between hydrograph A and hydrograph B shown in Fig. 1. [4]

(b) Explain why hydrograph A and hydrograph B shown in Fig. 1 are different. [6]
Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology (9696/13/M/J/17)

7 (a) (i) Define the hydrological terms throughflow and stemflow. [4]

(ii) Briefly describe how river channels may be classified. [3]

(b) With the aid of a diagram, explain how vegetation affects drainage basin stores and flows. [8]
(c) To what extent does understanding flood recurrence help predict and prevent flooding? [10]
Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology (9696/12/M/J/17)

1 Photograph A shows a fluvial landform.

(a) Describe the features of the landform shown in Photograph A. [4]

(b) Explain how processes form the features shown in Photograph A, and suggest how the landform may
develop over time. [6]
Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology (9696/12/M/J/17)

7 (a) (i) Define the hydrological terms porosity and antecedent moisture. [4]

(ii) Explain why the level of the water table may change over time. [3]

(b) With the aid of a diagram, describe how water circulates within a drainage basin system. [8]
 (c) ‘Floods can never be accurately predicted or prevented.’ To what extent do you agree with this
statement? [10]
Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology (9696/11/M/J/17)

1 Fig. 1 shows a type of river channel.

(a) (i) Name the type of river channel shown in Fig. 1. [1]

(ii) Draw a cross section from A to B shown in Fig. 1. Label the main features on your drawing. [4]

(b) Explain how features of the river channel shown in Fig. 1 were formed. [5]
Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology (9696/11/M/J/17)

7 (a) (i) Define the hydrological terms infiltration and stemflow. [4]

(ii) Explain how the type of soil can influence the rate of throughflow. [3]

(b) Briefly explain how both drainage density and vegetation can influence the shape of a storm
hydrograph. [8]
(c) To what extent does urbanisation result in the increase of flows within the drainage basin? [10]