Ex. No. 1.

Connect and Configure processing machine, eNodeB and IP Address for operation

1. There are 3 main components.

a. Intel Processing Machine and accessories
b. eNodeB Radio, Antenna and accessories
c. SIM programmer and SIM cards

2. To configure Processing machine:

a. Connect the Adapter to Power inlet and power cord to the power input of Processing
machine.
b. Connect the processing machine to a display/monitor using HDMI cable/Display Port
c. Connect a Mouse and Keyboard to the Processing Machine
d. After connecting power cable, monitor and mouse/keyboard, Power On the machine by
pressing the button on the front panel of Processing Machine
e. The default login parameters are: i. Username: amitec ii. Password: amitec
f. After logging, ensure that the machine is correctly configured for optimum operation.
g. Open a new terminal. To open terminal use search function in dash.
Or press ctrl + alt + T key. Note, you need to press the keys simultaneously.
Or click on the Black Terminal Icon on the left bar.
h. In the terminal prompt, type following command: cpufreq-info
This lists the processor information, observe the CPU numbers should be from 0 to 7.
i. Now to ensure that all the CPUs perform at maximum frequency and continuously
remain at maximum frequency, set the “performance mode”. Type the following
commands one- by-one in the terminal (In case of error, ignore it.)
sudo cpufreq-set -g performance
sudo cpufreq-set -c 0 -g performance sudo cpufreq-set -c 1 -g performance
sudo cpufreq-set -c 2 -g performance sudo cpufreq-set -c 3 -g performance
sudo cpufreq-set -c 4 -g performance sudo cpufreq-set -c 5 -g performance
sudo cpufreq-set -c 6 -g performance sudo cpufreq-set -c 7 -g performance

3. To Connect the eNodeB Radio:

a. The eNodeB has four Ports and one USB 3.0 cable.
The eNodeB is USB powered and does not need external power
b. The RF connectors on eNodeB are N(F) type. 2 N(F) to SMA(F) adapter/ couplers need to
be connected to the eNodeB radio.
c. There are 4 antennas: 2 PCB antenna and 2 Black antenna. The PCB antenna are broad
band without any significant Gain. The Black antenna are band-selective and work in few
bands such as 900MHz, 1800MHz, etc.
d. Connecting the 4 antennas and then connect eNodeB radio to the processing system via
USB 3.0 cable.
4. It is recommended to provide a static IP address to the machine.

5. Disable the WiFi and Bluetooth as they cause delay in processing of LTE signals.

6. Ensure that the WiFi and Bluetooth are disabled.

7. Connect the LAN port to a switch or router. The PC works in static IP mode with IP address of
192.168.1.36. The router should be configured to provide 192.168.1.36 IP address.
Use the settings in top-right corner.

8. To find out the IP address of machine, first open a terminal. To open terminal use search
function in dash or press ctrl + alt + T key. Note, you need to press the keys simultaneously.
Or click on the Black Terminal Icon on the left bar.
9. In the terminal prompt, type following command: ifconfig
The ethernet details will start with something similar to „eno3‟ or „ens33‟. The ethernet details will
start with „e‟ and wifi details will start with „w‟.

10. The parameter inet addr under the concerned interface: ethernet or wifi will provide the IP
address of machine. The IP address will be like: 192.168.172.50 or 175.28.20.200 or similar

11. Set a Static IP Address:

a. Click on the Networking Icon in top-right corner.
b. Click on Edit Connections and a window will open.
c. Click on Wired connection. The number doesn‟t matter as there will be only one
Wired connection. Then click on Edit. Now a new window will open where we can
configure Static IP settings.
d. Now click on IPv4 Settings and select Method as Manual.
The IP address should be 192.168.1.36
The Processing Machine and the machine to access the Processing Machine need to be on
the same subnet
e. If everything is configured correctly, you will be able to ping the Processing Machine from
your network.
f. The basic configuration of Processing Machine is done.

12. This IP address needs to be noted as it will be used for configuration later.
 Ex. No.2. Configure eNodeB for Operation

1. Open a new terminal using search function in dash or press ctrl + alt + T key.
The IP address is the IP address set in the earlier experiment. Both the machines need to be on the
same subnet to connect (when asked, type password as: amitec).

2. Navigate to the ENODEB configuration file folder, use command: cd ~/Desktop/amitecenb/

3. This step should be done only once at the beginning. Create a backup of default eNodeB
configuration file, use command: cp enb.conf enb.conf.backup
If the file has been copied before, then the previous file will be overwritten.

4. A fixed structure of files should appear after using the command: ls

5. Edit the ENODEB configuration file, use command: gedit enb.conf

6. In the enb.conf file, under [enb] configuration, edit the following parameters:
[enb]
enb_id = 0x19B
cell_id = 0x01
phy_cell_id = 1
tac = 0x0007
mcc = 901
mnc = 70
mme_addr = 127.0.1.100
gtp_bind_addr = 127.0.0.1
n_prb = 25

7. Two parameters MCC and MNC, govern the working of complete network. MCC is Mobile
Country Code and MNC is Mobile Network Code, form the building blocks of IMSI number.

8. The parameter „n_prb‟ controls the bandwidth of operation.

The available bandwidths in LTE are: 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz.
The value n_prb corresponds to 5 MHz LTE bandwidth. Other values of n_prn availale are:
6, 15, 50, 75, and 100, mentioned in help in configuration file at the top.

9. To identify the frequency bands supported by the mobile phone, refer to the website:
https://www.gsmarena.com/
As an example, the frequency bands supported by Nokia 5 mobile phone are given below.
Click on expand on right corner

The following information gets displayed.

10. In the enb.conf file, under [rf] configuration, edit the following parameters:
dl_earfcn = 3400
This parameter sets the frequency of operation. It is dependent on the frequency bands supported by
the mobile phone and the frequency band supported by the antennas. Every LTE frequency band does
not support every bandwidth. Need to carefully arrive at a combination of EARFCN and bandwidth.

Refer http://niviuk.free.fr/lte_band.php to calculate and identify correct EARFCN value

Check the parameters above, to get the output shown below.

11. In the enb.conf file, under [log] configuration, edit the following parameters:
all_level = none

After changing the parameters save and close the configuration file.
 Ex. No.3. Configure eNodeB Radio Parameter and bandwidth

Configure eNodeB Radio parameter

1. Open a new terminal. To open terminal use search function in dash or press ctrl+alt+T key.
The IP address is the IP address set in the earlier experiments. Both the machines need to be on the
same subnet to connect to the machine. (when asked, type password as: amitec).

2. Navigate to the ENODEB configuration file folder, use the command: cd ~/Desktop/amitecenb/

3. Edit the ENODEB configuration file, type: gedit enb.conf

4. To configure the radio parameter of eNodeB, identify the frequency band of operation. In the FDD
configuration, there are 32 LTE bands defined. However, not all bands are commercially used and
consequently every mobile phone supports a limited subset of these 32 frequency bands. To arrive
at the frequency band of operation, ensure the following points:
a. The frequency band should not be used by any operator in the area
b. The antenna should cover the desired frequency band.
c. Mobile phone to be used for testing should support the frequency band.

5. Configure the frequency of operation by specifying EARFCN.

EARFCN number is within range 0 to 65535 and equation between LTE carrier frequency(MHz)
and EARFCN is an elaborate one. Better to use an online calculator in the website:
http://niviuk.free.fr/lte_band.php

6. After identifying the frequency band of operation, take note of the EARFCN value in middle
column of Downlink section. The EARFCN value to be specified is always the downlink EARFCN
value. For ease of operation, take the value mentioned corresponding to middle frequency.
For eg, EARFCN value for LTE Band 28 will be 9435. Other values can also be chosen.

7. To set the value in configuration file, edit the dl_earfcn value in [rf] section:
[rf]
dl_earfcn = 3400
After changing the parameters save and close the configuration file.

Configure eNodeB bandwidth

1. Open a new terminal using search function in dash or press ctrl+alt+T key.

2. Navigate to the ENODEB configuration file folder, use command: cd ~/Desktop/amitecenb/

3. Edit the ENODEB configuration file, use command: gedit enb.conf

4. Configure the bandwidth and resource block allocation, by modifying n_prb parameter under [enb]
n_prb corresponds to # n_prb: Number of Physical Resource Blocks (6,15,25,50,75,100)

5. So in 20 MHz bandwidth there are 100 resource blocks, in 10 MHz bandwidth there are
50 resource blocks and so on. In LTE, bandwidth of 1.4,3,5,10,15,20 MHz is permitted.
 Ex. No.4. Configure EPC for Operation and Configure User Database

Configure EPC for Operation

1. Open a new terminal. To open terminal use search function in dash or press ctrl+alt+T key.

2. Then navigate to the EPC configuration file folder using command: cd ~/Desktop/amitecepc

3. Now, to list files in this folder, type following command: ls

There will be 5 files: mme.conf hss.conf pcrf.conf pgw.conf sgw.conf

4. In the next step, we will create backups of default configuration file. This will help to revert to
default setup. To create backup of mme.conf, use command: cp mme.conf mme.conf.backup
Similarly, cp hss.conf hss.conf.backup cp sgw.conf sgw.conf.backup
cp pgw.conf pgw.conf.backup cp pcrf.conf pcrf.conf.backup

5. Now type following command to see the created backup files: ls

6. Now to edit the MME configuration file, type: sudo gedit mme.conf

7. In the mme.conf file, under parameter configuration, the parameters will be similar to the following
(The spacing and indentation in the configuration file is extremely important)

Update the following parameters:

Under gummei:
mcc: 901
mnc: 70
mme_gid: 2
mme_code: 1
 Under tai:
mcc: 901
mnc: 70
tac: 7

Under network_name:
full: Amitec

Match the parameters in configuration file with parameters in the above image.
After changing the parameters save and close the configuration file.

8. The EPC starts automatically after computer boots. To load the changes in configuration file,
restart mme by typing following command: sudo systemctl restart nextepc-mmed.service

9. To check the status of mme, use command: sudo systemctl status nextepc-mmed.service
If every setting is correct, then a screen appears and to go back to terminal prompt, press ctrl+c

Configure User Database

1. Open Mozilla Firefox by clicking on Orange icon on left sidebar

2. In address bar in browser, type following command to open subscriber database: localhost:3000
The details are as follows: username: admin password: 1423
Now default screen will open with no subscribers.

3. Click on the „+‟ Icon in bottom right corner, a window to create subscriber will open.

4. IMSI is a 15 digit number. It is composed of three parts:

First 3 digits are MCC(Mobile Country Code). Here they will be 901
Next 2 digits are MNC(Mobile Network Code). Here they will be 70
Last 10 digits can be any combination of digits, unique for every subscriber.
You can use 1234567890 or any other random 10 digits.

5. Set the Subscriber Key (K). This is a 32 digit alpha-numeric value. Use any random
combination of digits and alphabets. Use 00112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF

6. Select USIM type as OPc.

7. Set the Operator Key (OPc/OP). This is a 32 digit alpha-numeric value. Use any
random combination of digits and alphabets. Use 00112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF

8. After configuration, the subscriber details will be displayed, save changes and user will be added.

9. Similarly add another user with different IMSI value.

10. Navigate to the EPC configuration file folder, use command: cd ~/Desktop/amitecepc

11. Restart mme, use command: sudo systemctl restart nextepc-mmed.service

If every setting is correct, then a screen appears and to go back to terminal prompt, press ctrl+c

12. Restart hss, use command: sudo systemctl restart nextepc-hssd.service

To go back to terminal prompt, press ctrl+c
 Exp. No. 5. Configure IMS, Add Users in IMS, Complete LTE Run and UE Application Setup

Configure IMS

1. Open a new terminal. To open terminal use search function in dash or press ctrl+alt+T key.

2. Now we need to set the IP address for IMS. This IP address is the same which was configured in
Experiment 1. Use command to open the configuration file: sudo gedit /etc/kamailio/kamctlrc

3. Configure IP settings, change SIP_DOMAIN setting: Set SIP_DOMAIN = IP address of machine

4. Restart the IMS, open a new terminal, use command: sudo /etc/init.d/kamailio restart

5. Sometimes, you might need to restart the PC for these settings to take effect. Therefore, it is
preferable to have static IP.

Add Users in IMS

1. Open a new terminal. To open terminal use search function in dash or press ctrl+alt+T key.

2. To view existing user database, use command: sudo kamctl db show subscriber
Observe existing users and their passwords.

3. To add a new user, we have to use the command: kamctl add username password
To add a user with username 10003, password test, use command: kamctl add 10003 test
Check if the username exists or not. Otherwise, this command will overwrite the existing user.

4. Similarly, you can add multiple users. These settings have to be configured in mobile phones.

5. Restart the IMS, open a new terminal, use command: sudo /etc/init.d/kamailio restart

Complete LTE Run

1. Open a new terminal. To open terminal use search function in dash or press ctrl+alt+T key.

2. Navigate to the EPC configuration file folder, use command: cd ~/Desktop/amitecepc

3. Restart mme, use command: sudo systemctl restart nextepc-mmed.service

To go back to terminal prompt, press ctrl+c

4. Open a new terminal, navigate to the ENODEB configuration file folder, use command:
cd ~/Desktop/amitecenb

5. Start eNodeB by typing following command: sudo ./amitecenb enb.conf

6. Now eNodeB will connect to EPC and wait for UE to connect.

7. Also, to restart IMS, open a new terminal and type following command:
sudo /etc/init.d/kamailio restart
UE Application Setup

In order to connect to the telephone system, the following should be known.

Account type - it can be SIP or IAX. Use SIP.

Hostname - It may look like sip.example.com or an ip address. It is often named domain or registrar.
The default SIP port is 5060. In this field, specify the IP address of the machine IMS server.
Eg. It can 192.168.1.35
Username – this is the username for your account. Type the username of user created in IMS
Password – this is the password for your account. Type the password of user created in IMS

Configuring your account:

1. Start Zoiper for Android and click "Config", select "Accounts" and then "Add account”.
Select "Yes" when the question "Do you already have an account?" appears.

2. Click on "Manual Configuration” and choose an account type, select SIP

3. Need to enter a name for the new account in the "Account name" field. Enter any name that
will help you to recognize the account.

4. Fill in the account details in the appropriate fields.

a. Host will be IP address of IMS. Eg. It can 192.168.1.35
b. Username will be username of user created in IMS. Eg. 10000
c. Password will be password of user created in IMS. Eg. test

5. Click "Save" to see a list with all your accounts, including the one that is just created.

6. In about 30 sec, a green checkbox appears in front of the account name and is ready for calls.