a MANUAL FOR SEISMIC RETROFIT DESIGN ‘OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS. Public Works Department wo MyMANUAL FOR SEISMIC RETROFIT DESIGN OF EXISTIN' REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT PREPARED UNDER ‘PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ON NATURAL DISASTER RESISTANT TECHNIQUES, (OF CONSTRUCTION AND RETROFITTING FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS (CNCRP) [A TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT BETWEEN PWD AND JICA ams‘© Public Works Department llrightsreserved. No par ofthis publication shall be reproduced, stored in retrieval sytem, reprinted ‘mansmited in any frm by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or othewite without persion in writing from the Chief Engincer, Public Works Department Pablished by: Public Works Department Parta Bhaban, Segunbagicha Dhaka-1000 STRICTLY FOR OFFICIAL USE Fist Elton June 2015, ‘The content ofthis book are related to retroftng design and construction process generally undertaken by Public Works Department which have been described heeinfer in brief theoretical form with ‘examples as guidelines. AS such NO chapter, article, clause, sub-clause thereof, be refered tose VALID DOCUMENTS in the event of any arbitration, Itgation, dispute, claim ass, whatsoever tered, made ‘or claimed by any person a the ase may be under any eieunstances, However, thie may be wed bY ‘ther Govt departments, private bade and individuals alo at their own discretion Unmost care hasbeen taken to overcome printing and other mistakes. Even then there may alays be ‘canes: ot unntenaed mstakes. ‘Any mistakes and suggestions to update revise may peat be addressed to ‘The Chet Enginer, Public Works Deparment. Price hk, 1000.00 Cover design: Nipun/Team Engine Limited Production ‘Team Engine Limited A.J Tower (It oor) 4, Kawean Bazar, Dhaka 1215 Bangladesh wormanrenginecomForeword Bangladesh is « disaster prone country. The county is frequently affected by floods, cyclones and ‘yelone induced storm surges and tomados. The country is also under threat of moderate 0 strong farthquakes due the geographical portion. Bangladesh is close to one of the most teetonially active Fetion in the world, It esate where thre tectonic plates namely the Indian pate the Eurasian pate ‘nd the Burmese plate met, Bangladesh ovr the ast two hundred and ity years, had experienced eight Imjor earthquakes of magnitude over 7.0. Among thase earthquakes, two earthquakes namely Bengal Earthquake of 1885 and Srimongol Earthquake of 1918 ad tee epicenter within the country. Due tots ‘proximity tothe plate Boundaries, active faults and track records of historical damaging earthquakes in fd around Bangladesh probability of occurence of stong earthquake is igh “The rsks of los of life and damage to property due to earthquake are almost enrlyassocited with manmade stuctares, Because earthquake doesn't kill peopl, buildings do. The rapid urbanization of Several cites especialy Dhaka Chitagong and Sybet during the lst 25 years with most ofthe buildings ‘being non-engineered ia big concer Public Works Department (PWD) with history of over 150 year isthe Government Department which ‘wns almost al the public buildings ofthe county in comecton with construction and maintenance. The Cepartmentinkeis the legacy fom British India though Pakistan period to present independent ‘Bangladesh. A major portion of the huge building stock is unrenforeed brick masonry bing with fo concrete stengh, inadequate column setion and non ductile RC famed stuctres, The Bangladesh ‘National Building Code (BNBC) was formulated in 1993 and enacted in 2006. PWD hasbeen following [American Conerete Istinte (ACD code til 1993 and the BNBC subsequently for srvctura design purpose But sect adherence to the code eapcially the seismic provisions came into practice very Fecenly. As a res, a staggering mimber of existing buildings do not meet the seismic demand and ‘apeity requirements of the current BNBC 2015 (Final Draft, uly 2015). ‘The Goverament of Banglish has taken © strong sand with disaster risk reduction, Governments sicees in cetin areas of darter rk mitigation sich as Aood, cyclone is acclaimed by the work! and taken as role model in many countries. In ease of earthquake disaster, the country is nt suficinty Prepared reduce the risk. The Main feason ie that eARDAKE i not 2 Fequent phenomenon in Bangladesh, The country bad experienced the last devastaing eatbquake in 1897 (The Great Indian Earthquake with magnitude 8, Inthe Standing Order on Disaster (SOD) of the Government, PWD is crated with the task to promote seismic restant building and t refit public buildings which are vulnerable to erthquake Due fo the ck of tecnical know-how, PWD could not undertake projet for retofiting. To overcome this deficiency, PWD has underaken a project wit the technical cooperation of JIC titled “Projet for Capoity Development on Natural Disster Resistant Techniques of Constetion and Retrofiting for Public Buildings (CNCRP”, The main purpose of the four yearlong project isto enrich the technics! ‘knowledge and working caecty ofthe enginers of PWD for seismic assessment, retofiting design and construction of existing RC framed public buildings ‘One of the outputs ofthis projects to develop 6 (six) individual manuals and guidelines as sated nde far fur referenes 1, Manat for Seismic Evalation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings 2. Manual for Seismic Retrofit Design of Existing Reinforced Conrete Billings 5, Manual for Rett Construction and Supervision of Reafored Concrete Buildings 4. Guidlines foe Quay Contr! of Design and Construction of Reinforced Conrete Builings 'S Manual for Setmic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings6. Mamal for Vulnerability Assessment and Damage Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Buildings agaist Non Seismic Hazards As sated cali, many existing buildings do not meet the seismic demand and capacity requirements of the current BNEC 2015. The need fr retofiting may aie from one or mae of he following reasons (@) Violten of Bangladesh Navona Building Code in structraldegn andconstrston process, (©) Subsequent updating of Building Code. (€) Deeriantion dv to aging and unexpected natural nd human created bazar. (© Moditeaton of existing svete (@)Changein use of building ‘The series of rmmuals and guidelines are the outcome of four yest long expeimces of CNCRP pret. The enginess cf PWD with technical assistance ofthe JICA experts trad to acapt the Japanese retrofit technology to lea constuction contons and practices, Seismic retofiting ie apecializd typeof ob. ‘The profesional and practicing engineers are requested to go tough the manne carfilly and apply ‘hei engineering judgments befor aplication, ‘The curentedion ofthe manuals and guidelines ae # modest beginning. Extensive research on local conditions such as constuction materials, techniques, and practices in the iit of local seismic are necesary to uprade the mamals, We, as profesional, believe hat manuals ar only guide or outing and it is the expert who will have 1o take the final decison about actual extent f work tobe done, We expect feedback from all quarters to enrich the futur editions ofthe manuals ‘The current Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC 2015) does not caain any provisions of seismic evaluation an rerofit design Throughout the project duration, the engineers of PWD studied the Japanese standd, guidelines and technical manuals foe seismic evaluation ard rerofit design of RC bulldings. As judgment i very importa in aseessing vulnerability ofa bilig, the Jpanese method ives emphasis oneal observations and hand eslultions. There are many fos and assumption to be taken based on local construction circumstances. This “Manual for Seimic Revotit Design of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings” has ben prepared to supplement the English version of the ginal Japanese. Standards, Guidelines and Technical Manval tiled "Sundar, Guidelines and ‘Teehncal Manual for Seismic Evaluation and Seismic Retrofit of Existirg Reinforced Concrte ‘Buildings, 2001", poblshed by The Japa Building Disaster Prevention Associaton IBDPA), We deeply acinowiedge the Editorial Advisory Board consisting of respected members from Japan and Bangladesh forthe valuable conribtion. The authors from JICA exper team reds pei mention for formulating the manuals. We also thank all the CNCRP team members for their hard work which ‘ventualy helped in publishing these manuals and guideline. Finally I want to hak the Goverment of Japan and JICA for tee whole eared suppor and cooperation in all phases of te project CNCRP. “Engr. Md. Kabir Abmed Bhuiyan (Chit Engineer Public Works Department, Dhaka, Bangladesh.PREFACE, ‘Bangadesh is located ina tectonically active region clos othe plate boundaries ofthe Indian plate and te Eurasian plate to ts north and east. Based on sismiciy, Bangladesh is divided ito tree seismic ‘zones, a8 pet Bangladesh National Building Cade (BNBC), 1993. The BNBC 1993 was adopted in 2006 Inder Building Construction Act 1952. Most of the buildings constructed before adopion of BNBC 1093 is ether non-engineered or designed without considering seismic load, The present construction scenario isnot very encouraging either. Under these eicumstances large munbers of buildings both public and private, in the urban areas newts structural asessment and retofiting if found vulnerable “The concept and practic of Japanese Standard of Seismic Evaluation and Guidelines of Reofit Design for existing RC buildings has beo studied and aplied in Bangladesh through the PWD-IICA tecnica cooperation project CNCRP. “The Japanese Standard and Guidelines for Seismic Evalution and Refit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, prepared in 1977 has been applied in many buildings in Japan successfully. The Guideline was revised in 1990 and 2001 Following concise book of Standard and Guidlines translated in English under ene cover was published in 2001: ‘Standard for Selslc Evaluation of Existing Relnforced Concrete Buildings, 2001 Guidelines for Seismie Retroft of Existing Reinforced Conerete Buildings, 2001 and “Technical Manual for Selsmic Evaleton and Seis Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bangs, 2001 ‘ratslated by: Building Research Insitute, Published by: The Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association JBDPA). “This English version 2001 cover the min portion ofthe Japanese Standard and Guidelines only. ‘This “Manual for Seismic Retrofit Design of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buiklings” bas been prepared to supplement the apanese Standard and Guidelines mentioned above incorporating the seismic Toad of BNBC 2015 (Final Dra, July 2015). Effort has been taken to ineocporat the design and constuction practices of Bangldesh in the manual a¢ much as possible This manual will be used together wit the “Manual for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings” prepared under CNCRE project. Seismic retrofit in Japan hasbeen disseminated afer the Hyogo Ken Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake 1995, together withthe at on promation of Seismic Revofting of Existing Buildings. More than 50000 ‘existing publi school buildings have bees revofited a of 2011 Itis expected that seismic performance of exiting RC buildings wil be improved through application of this Manual for Seismic Retrofit Design and the building damage skin Bangladesh will be mitigated Aldea Tnows Senior Stuetural Erginoer, SICA Expert Team, CNCRPAuthors Lead Author Aoesiate Authors altoril Advisory Rasrd Prof. Dr. Jamul Reza Chouary Professor Shunsuke Otani Profesor Toshi Kabeyasona ‘ALMA, Matias Ratan PEag. Dro M, Shamim, Bosuia PEng De. ear Anam De. AFM Saif Amin Akira Ioue, Senor Structural Engineer, JICA Expert Tear, ‘NCR, "Ma, Ragu sam, Bxective Engineer, PWD Design Division-3, Dinka Anup Kumar Hilt, Feoatve Faginec, PWD, Dhaka, ‘Vice hancller, University of Asa Pacific, Dinka ~Chairman. Profesor Emeritus, Ine University of Tokyo ~Co-Chia Profesor, Earthquake Research Institut, ‘The University of Tokyo Member ‘Adina Chie Enginesr (Ret), PWD Member Professor (Retd), Bangladesh University of Enginecing and Teetnology, Dhaka Member Profesor, Univesity of Asia Pace, Diska ~Member Profesor, Bangladesh Univesity of Engineering and ‘Technology, Dbaka MemberFOREWORD, pi PREFACE, 3. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, ¥ CONTENTS, p. i NOTATIONS, pixt CHAPTER 1 General LA General Palisy, pL LLL Scopeof the Manual, p 112 Definition of Technica! Terms, p.2 LL3_ Level of Screening of Seismic Evaluation .2 114 Outline of Sete Evaluation and Seismic Revoft Design p.2 12. Scope of Applcton, p. 3 121 Typeot Structure, p.4 122° Number of Stories. 4 123. Concrte Strength p. 4 13. Definitions p. 4 13.1 Termisology Relating to Retrofit and Restration, pS 13.2 Terminology Reating to Seismic Evaluation, pS 133. Terminology Rating 0 Strengthening (Revo) Methods, p. 5 134 Terminology Relating to Strengthening (Retofi) Construction. 6 135 Main Yottions Related to Seismic Evaluation area Follows, p 6 14 Concept of Revofit Design . 6 LAL General 9.6 1S) Seismic Index of Sucre USA Genel p.7 1.6 Seismic Demd index of Sucre Jp. 10 116.1 Basi Principles. 10 16.2 Seismi Demand Index fn p10 1.63 Seismic Demand Index J (Proposed for Banglades, p11 1.7 Tryst Penang p13 118 Proce of evo Design, p. 14 1.9 Building Survey, p. 14 1.10 Consrstion of Retofit Work, p18 1.11. Suggested Motiiation of Japanese Standard for Bangladesh, p. 20 CHAPTER? nga Banke Desig 21 Planning of Reso, p. 25 2.1 General. 25 2.12 Clasifcation of Retrofit Method, p.25 2.13 Phinof Reofit, p26 2.14 Recommendation, 26 2.2. Basic Design p.27 221 General p.27 222 Required Quanity of Revo, p.27 pT223 Required Amount of Reto, p. 28 224 Non-Strctunl Brick Wall, p31 2.25 Extrction fom th Stuctual Experiment 2013 by CNCRP, p. 32 CHAPTERS Retrofit Design of Members and Frames 31 nsodueton p. 38 32 Installing RC Walls, p35 321 Outing p35 3.22 Tange Performance, p. 36 523. Ukimate Suength of Column, p37 324 Sueagth ofie-Filed RC Wall, p.38 325 Example on Infilles RC Wall, p40 3.3 Stet Famod Brace, p45 334 Outing p. 45 3.32 Target Performance p46 3.33 Design of Stee Framed Brace, p. 48 334 Example Calculation of See! Framed Brace, . 50 34 Column Jacking, p52 341 RC Jacketng 52 3.42 Example Calelation of Coma Jacketing p. $4 42.43 Evaustion of Column Strength, p. 56 35. Post Installed Anchor, p56 351 General, p. $6 352. Design of Post Installed Anchor, p. $8 3.6. Now-Strectural Component (Elements), p 61 361 General p61 CHAPTER 4 Example of Retrofit Design of Buildings 4.1. Case 1: Retrofit Design f a5 Storey Offices Building in Dhaka, p, 69 ‘42 Case2: Retrofit Design of 4 Storey Garment Factory Building in Dinka Ares, p90 42.1 General, p90 422 Structua Assessment, p91 423. Rerofit Design, p97 43 Case3: A Sample Resoft Design of Mixed Type Stracure in Dhaka, p 109 43. General. 109 432 Seismic Evaluation, p. 109 433 Seismic Retrofit Design, p. 116 Supplement Al, p. 133 Supplement A2,p. 151 Supplement A3.p, 159 Supplement Ad. p. 162 ‘Supplement AS, p. 168 Supplement A6,p. 171 Supplement A7p 177 Supplement 48, 187Supplement 49.191 Supplement A10p. 193 Supplement A119. 196 Supplement BL, p. 159 ‘Supplement 82, p, 201 Supplement 83, p. 202 Supplement 84, p. 203 Supplement 85, p. 207 Supplement 36, p. 209 Supplement 37, p. 210 Supplement BS, p, 2:2 Index of Figures. 215 Index of Tables, 220, References, p.222aNOTATIONS Notations used in tht manval are same as () “Guidlines for Seismic Rewott of Fisting Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001” and (i) "Standard for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings 2001” The notations are provided in two sections (Notation A and Notation B) referring the relevant page numbers of thoe two manual for understanding and classifation of the users of this ‘manual NOTATION & Page no." 4. Pieced aren of concrete cone fire srfce of single anchor (i). 2a ‘tear span; distance between the beam face at the column top and he point of tral 2-13 fave fom the in filled wall 4: Grss sectional area of longitudinal reinforcing brs of column in tension side (am'). 2-18 4, Cs sectional area of tensile longitudinal reinforcement (mm) 22 fe + ins sectional ares of tensile enforcement inthe jacketing pat of column. aaa + Crs sectional area of oe et of reinforcement (mi). 236 1% + Gr sectional area of stud (mm) 237 2%: Minima eros section are of expansion anchor (mu) at 1%: Bective cross section area of threaded stel bar or nominal cross section area of 2-47 archerage bar ('). 1a + Clos section area of expansion anchor at concrete interface, or eos section aa of 2-47 ‘beaded anchorage bar (um). bs Wahof column (mm) 218, 2, » D, Bective width of columns resisting against the dret shear force considering the 2-13, ‘ceanected members nthe orthogonal ietion, be :ad¢em) 28 Dy: Widthof column afer joking (xm). 2a Column width afer suengtening. 226 2, Wthof tee rap 226 DB: Depth ofolumn (mm). 28, » D_—:Depthof columns resisting against he det sear fore. as Dz: Dap ofcolume after ackting (ram) 2m D, —: Daameter of drilled hol of existing concrete structure (mi. 2a 4: Efetve depth ofthe revofited column (mm) 2 4: Diameter of anchor; nominal diameter of anchorage bar for bonded anctor or 2-47 lamer of sleeve of expansion anchor (a) ‘dy: Nominal diameter of se! ba threaded into expansion anchor (mi). 24 4, Distance between the center ofthe tensile enforcing bars andthe exeme fiber of 2-18 wing wall in compression side (mn), E + Young's modulus of tee (Nim. 2st FE. + Yauns modal of existing concrete (Nn) nar Fx: Specified Young's moduls of carbon fiber shee. A value indicated in the Table 229 3.61 can be ured ‘Page no. of “Japanese Galdline fr Seismic Retrofit of Existing RC Bling, 200"Page no = Young's modus calculated based on oy, The test valu canbe used when measured 2-49 uring compression test ct index 20 Fs Specitid strength of tel (Nine) 237 + Compressve strength of exiting concrete (N/mm) 2 F, + Spocitid design teagh of concrete (Nin). 210 F, Specified compressive strength of existing concrete (Nim) 24 Fay +Conerete strength ofthe isaled val panel (Nimun’) 2 FL: Specified design srengh of concrete for existing structure (Nim), ait F4 1 Specified concrete strengin of existing stractres (Nina) 23 ‘Fa: Compressive strength of concrete for exiting structures (N/m) 23 Fy: Specified desig srengh of concrete fer wing wall (Nin) 28 fe "Limitcompessivetrzs (me') a3 8 :Disance between asl and compressive longing rnfrcenet ofxisting clu (am), 2-24 Bg for jacketing par ofthe column (mm). 228 fv Bg (1) in the Standard. ais 1 Height of injected mortar rm), 236 J Distance between the centroids of tension and compression forces; A value of 08D 229 can be sed Je 11d 8 (en). 28 Ke :034/(052 + 0D) 2 1” Clear span of wall am) 210 1 Clear span of te isaled val panel um) 2 1: Depth af riled hole or enbedmen length of bonded anchor (rm). 2er 1, : Effective embedreat length ofan anchor (run). 2st Length of expansion anchor (um) nar 1 Bmbedment length of expansion anchor othe exiting concrete stractre rim). 247 Exposed length of expansion anchor from the connection surface (mm) pat 1 :Fulllength of conection bar o anchorage ba (ram), ar 1 Bffetive anchorage length of added wal ram), ar My: Flexural suength 28, a MiQ._:Itcan beh ofclumn on which the wing walls installed, as ‘MiQ._:1tshal abi by died cakaaton eferingto te secon 3222) ofthe Sunda 2.24 ‘MQ: Shear span. It shall be defined by caleulting the height of infection point according, 2-29 to @) ofthe setion 3.2.2 (2) ofthe Standard NY Axial fre of eolumn (N) 28 a Pe: Wallreinforcement rato 2 P+ Ratio of a, (goes eros section aren of longitudinal reinforcing bars of colomn 2-13 concerned) 0D. Pu: Refer tothe expansion of eq3.2.53 ais (Po: Hoop ration the existing columns (N/m), ais Po: Lateral reinforcement ratio of installed wing wall, ais Pe; 10004 (bre) (a: goss sectional area of tensile reinforcement of the column with 218 insalled Wing wa. “Page oof “apancse Gunes fo Sciamic Retrofit of Existing RC Buln, 2001" aPa Pa » Pe De >» Qe @ bd "Dm 10 On a o a On 2 Qs Page no* ‘Tensile reinforcement ratio calculated by using the increase cross sevion of jacketed 2.24 column (0). ‘Shear renfrcement ratio ofthe existing column calculated bythe inreased cross 2-24 section of jacketed column decimal), Shear rinfercement rato of the jcketng column calculated by the increased cross. 2.28 section of arketed coh (decimal), p+ shall be 0.012 if te moe tan 0.012 ual hover of ste! plating Upes iit oftal hoop rao shall 0012. 2.26 Equivalent bop rato of tee plat, te same as Ba, 3.3.51, aor ‘Tensile reinforcement rai of existing column (2). 229 Shear reinforcement ratio of ensting cok (decimal). 209 Shear reitercerent ratio of ean fiber shet (decimal). 229 Reinforement exo 236 design shear fore Bie Sum af the shear strengths of connectors underneath the beam 2 ‘Salle vale fhe oer column between he shear force at the yeldingand esr atengh 2-12, Ustmate shear sueagh of wall calculate fom Eq (A2.1-2) a Shear srengh of shear walls 2 ‘Shea stengh of nfl shar pane (only forthe pel par inthe clear ight and with) 2-12 Direct shear strength a the top ofa column ae Shear strengh of infil shear panel an Direct shear stength of eolumn a ‘Shear force tfexurl strength 28 Shear sength 2s ‘Load caryitg capacity of column with peecast concrete wing wall 2g ‘Shear force sotribute bythe diagonal compression brace which model wing wall 2.19 ss shown inFigure 325.2 ‘Shear force contributed by the existing columns 29 Shear steagh of clu 22 Sear strength of column 23 ‘Shear strength of beam. 240 Shear force athe Nlexurl capacity of beam, 240 Shear capacity of an anchor (N) 2 Shear capaci of an anchor determined by tel stength (N). 248 Shear capcity ofan anchor determined by bearing stength of concrete (N), 248 ‘Shear strengh contribute by each std ((N) for one st). Bsr Irregular index 2s Tensile cpicity of an anchor (N) ar Tensile capicty af an anchor determined by yeng of test material), nar Tensile cpicity ofan anchor determined by conerst cone fale (), par Tensile capcity ofan anchor determined by bond flue (). ar ‘Wall hicks of intl wing wall ram) Bis ‘Thickness of sel plate 226 Wall hicks (eum) 20, a Interval of inforcemeat (x). 236 “Page na of Japanese Guidlines fr Seismic Retro of Existing RC Bllings, 201° any” oe Page no.* Spacing of steel trap 226 Redction fictor in comidrtion ofthe defection condition tallow fe load bearing 2-12 ‘contbuton of coh) Safety factor for fexura fire. 240 Refer othe explaationofeq, 32.5.2. as 0.91.0 (ease postnslled anchors are ranged along four sides of wall panel), and 2-11 08.09 (nother cas. Reduction factor (= 08) aie Limit of axa force rat of column afer jacking. 227 Limit of ail force rato of column before jacketng, 0.5 foe 100 mm or less in hoop 2-27 spcing, 0. for hers, Average shear sess of wall panel (Winn?) 210 ‘Average shear ses of val (Ninm) 23 ‘Values provided in abl 3.1.51 240 27 Limit slenderes rato d= fx?-2)(0.6F) Effective aspect ratio, a ffetve sain of carbn ber shest tsa flue, Avalueof.7%4can doused 229 ‘Yield suength of longitudinal enforcing bars of aeolumn. as feb, where Wis em axa fre ofthe column at ultimate mechanism, postive 2-13 vale ears compresses force. ‘Yield strength) of tera reinforcement of stale wing wal, Yield strength of longitu! reinforcing bas of column (Nin). Refer tthe explanation of e432.5°3 Px9% ‘ied svength ofthe wal infcciog bar (Ninn?) Yield stength of rinfrcing bar (Nam). The stength osha be 204 Nim for rot bars, ad (pci yield stengh +49 Ninn) for determed bar Yield smagh of ele waren ate jacketng par of elm (Nina). The sength 2-28 sl be 294 Nr ft oud us, ad (ecified yl tenth +49 Ninn!) for deformed ts Yield suength of shan reinforcement inthe exiting eoluma (Nim) 2a Yield stent of shea reésfrcenein the ackeng col (Na), The seni and yehall 2-24 ‘be 29 Ninn for ound bs, (seid ye seg +9 Nimmo fred be. Yield strength of tee! pate fr jacking (Nim) aa Yield strength of shear enforcement of existing col (N/a). 229 Min (Ey (2/3), tensle strength of carbon fiber sheet for shear desian. 29 Specie ase senghofcurbonfibershet A valueindicaedinTibie33.61anbewed 2-29 Axial compressive sre. The vale sll not be more than 7.8 Nin 229 Tensile sweagt of stud, equa oo less tan 400 (Nia) 231 Compressive strength of existing concrete (Nim), par Specified yield strength of sel bar (Ni). as ‘Yield strength of expansion anchor (N/mm), 248 Compressive strength of existing conse. In gener, the suengh shall e cbuined by 2-49 ‘compression et of once cre, When hee vee age tan specie once stengh esl be determnndascording othe Sid ‘Page na of Japanese Guidlines fr Selsmle Retro of Exstng RC Bllaigs, 201Page no* 1 =Refertothe explanation of 0g. 3..5-5 a3 © Shear stength of anchor (Nin). 2a 5: Bond strength of bonded anchor aginst pull-out force (Nim). 2s =. Basic bond strength of bonded anchor (Nim) ze "Page no. of “panes Guidelines or Sele Retrofit of Existing RC Bulag, 2001" NOTATION, Page no, ** Ac Total eoss-sectional area of columns (rm) inthe storey concerned, where the ares 1-16 of boundary columns inthe walls with one ee two boundary columns ull be neglected incalelation ‘Total crass sectional area of reinforcing bars (mm). Cross sectional are of prof the Iter reinforcement in shear wall ‘Vercl distribution shape of later seismic force. Toa eros-sectioal aren of extremely sr: ols inthe tory concerned (mi) “Toa ros sectional are of tensile enforcing br in column (mx). Cross sectional area of tensile reinforcing bars othe boundary column inthe tension side of wal + Croe sectional area of tes enforcing bars inthe beam (man) Cros sectional aes of esl enforcing brs inthe beam inca that the patil slit 'sincompression side (am) aye: Total vertical reinforcing bars in the shear wal (1). 150 er: Toa cros-sectionl aren of walls with vo Bounlary columasintbestorey and 1S effective tthe dretion concerned (an). iy; Total crose-sectional area of wale wit one Bouniary column inthe storey and Li6 effective to the direction concerned a). my; Total cros-sctional ares of walls without columas inthe storey sd effecive othe 1-16 storey concerned (mi) FA Sumof rss sectional ares of column and wing wal and wall (a). Ls 55, sé Colum and Beam width (x). 14s, 9 +b, + Baquvalent thickness of the wal (mm), 1st 2 Beam width of the equivalent rectangular shaped beam. (tm). 60 VA, Dusty index of the Beam on the lef! andthe right sides ofthe node calculated 1-24 according tothe ite (). Mf Contribution ofthe boundary beam to he overtuing moment reistance ofthe wall at 1-23, the level of story concerned ‘My: Nodal moment atthe ulimate strengths of the Beams onthe left and theright sides of 1-24 the node (Qu + Shear strength of he beam las “Page no of Japanese Standard for Ssmic Evaluation of Fasting RC Bulag, 20"De fo Bo Bis Fin Page no. ‘Shear force at the flexurfailure ofthe beam, considering the efecto he shear free Qe to gravity load Bese shear coeficient (gente tha 1.0), Strength index C ofthe ft group (with small F inde), Seng index Co the zeond group (with medium F index). Swengh index Cof the id group (with large F index). Seng index ofthe colamns, xcap forthe exrmey short columns. Shes force athe time flexural strength of the column, Ultimate shear strength the column, Standard rif angle ofthe column (mesure in he clear height of elim), 130. Standard drift angle oft column (measured inthe clear height of clu, 1/50. Standard dif angle of te column (measure in the clear height of column), 1/50, Standard rift angle oft column (mesure in he clear height of colun, 1250, Plastic dif ange ofthe zlumn (measured in the clear eight of column). Dri angle ath uate fexaal strength of column (eased int cles bight of colin). ‘Yield dif ange of column (measured in lear height of elma). Strength index ofthe extremely shor columns CCumaletive strength index at the ulin deformation of strutre Strength index ofthe walls Effective strength ctor ofthe column, CCompeessive strain athe concrete strength ‘Shearing unit stress atte flexural strength of column, Shearing unit stress att ultimate state of columns. (Colum and Beam depth Cola depth Deformability and damping factor of structure. Effective depth of column and beam, Diameter ofthe flesural reinforcing ba ofthe col Distance from the center ofthe tensile reinforcing bars tothe extreme fiber ofthe ‘wing standing/hanging wll nthe compressive se (am). Shape factor to take the fet of vertical stifnass unbalance and eccentricity into sscount Compressive strength ofconrete (Nim), which may be taken as the specified design concrete stength Diet index ofthe exremely short columns Duct index ofthe was ‘Ground index Storey bei Clear height of column, ‘*Page no of Japanese Standard for Seismic Ealeaon of isting RC Bidigs, 201 12k Lasos hes hho by io de Page No** 12h ® Standard height ofthe column from the bottom ofthe upper floc eam tothe surface ofthe lower for sab [The height fi the foe level concerned t0 the top of the Beam whove flexural reinforcement scoured into Fy Inflection height aleulatd for columns. “fletion height calculated for walls Opening hgh ‘Standing or hanging wall height (nm). Height fom the lor level concerned tothe op ofthe malty wal, Inflection height calulated as wals with wo Boundary columns, Number ofthe story fr evaluation, where the First trys mmbered as 1 andthe top storey 251 Distance between cenroide of ension and compresion frces Distance between the eentoids ofthe tension and compression portions, Standard or averaged length of spans inthe diretion concerned ‘ota length ncn length of wing walls ‘Wall ength in wi portion Length ofthe wing wall (tal length ofthe wing walls incase ty locate at bh sides ‘of cok) Teta wall length including length of columns Opening length Distance between the centers of he boundary columns ofthe will rn), Shear spn length Number ofthe inpected sores. Axa force (9, ‘Tot axial fre inthe boundary clans atachedt the wall [amber of stories of building. Duciliy index of the node determined from the beams Duct index of the clu above and below the node. uci index of the node a the topo the botom ofthe column. ‘Nodal moment tthe tp or the bottom of th column atthe fire mechanism. ‘Axial compressive strength ‘Axial eosile strength ‘Additional axial fre of column du to crthquakes, Shear reinforcement ratio of the wall ‘sPage noo Japanese Standard for Seismic Evaluation of Existing RC Bullings, 2001" 152 138 153 18, s hoPepepps PPR Qn om Equivalent lateral enforcement rai of wall Horizontal shea enncene sai of de wing all Teale reitorcement ati () Equvalen tensile reinforcement aio of wall) Shear rénforcement rao, car foce atthe deformation epsity Ry ocala inthe co ad higher ergs + Shea fece at flexaral yielding of cola inthe second ad higher groups. + Shear srength ofa column inthe second and higher groups. + Unite teal oud-arying capacity ofthe vertical member in the storey concer, Seismic demand fore for ech tore. ‘Cleulated capacity of suctre Standard inte storey rit angle, Ress =1/250. Inte-atcy hit mug heute definition capi Mena alte uf the column member Yield ier storey dit ange Intecstrey drift angle at the ultimate deformation capacity in shear fale of the column member (Coeficiet fr reponse in term of period and sil condition. ‘Yield deformation in eons of inter-stoey deformation angle Spacing of hoopsties Yield stegth of shear reinforcing: bars (Ni). Yield sin of the flexural reinfrcing-bar in the beam, Wall thekness of wing wall inthe compression side (nu). Rerining conrete thickness ofthe partials am) Usage inde, “Total wight ofthe story and above, ‘Momen resistance ofthe wall atthe lve ofthe storey concerned Shear farce at flexural strength of the wal Shear fice at uli strength ofthe wall Untiats shear strength ofthe wall Zone index. Effective strength factor ofthe columns at theultimate deformation ofthe walls itive sen coro te walt tbe mse deforaton ofthe extremely hort clurus. Effective strength factor of the columns atthe uitimate deformation of the extremely short cel, Effeive strength factor in hehe group athe ‘corresponding tothe fist group (Buty index of F) “Page of “panes Standard for Slane Evaluation of Exiting RC Bulag, 2001” se deformation 8, css 19s 23 120, 122 120, 139, % bio bio 0Effective strength factor of fexural column. Effective strength factor ofa shear column. ‘Wing wall length in compressive side divided by D Factor onthe precision in ealeaaton ofthe up stent ofthe wall. Dutt ctor Cross sectional area ofthe wal wth cour ‘Sum ofthe nod moments athe ultimate strengths of the columns inthe upper and the lover storie, Sum nod moments atthe timate segs of he beans on tee and tergh ies. 1-23, ‘Total floor area soporte by the stary concerned (m) 116 ‘Toea weight (Ged load plus live load for seismic ealultion) supported bythe storey 1-16, concerned 8 ‘Compressive strength of concrete fo easton ‘Yeldstrength of horizontal shea eeinfrcing-brs in the wing wal (N's Yieldstregth of tensile reinforcing bars (Nim) ‘Viel strength of shear reining-bar inthe olan (Nim) Axial stress in column (Nim). ‘Axil ses i wal Shearing uni stress at theultimate sate of columns. ‘Shearing wit stress atthe ultimate stat of extremely short columns. Searing uni stes atthe ulkimate state of walls with two Boundary columns, Shearing unites atthe euimate state of walls with wo Boundary columns Shearing unit ess at the ultimate sae of walls without columns. “Page nn Japaneae Standard for Scam Evaluation of Eling RC ng 200"CHAPTER 1, GENERAL 1A GENERAL POLICY LALA Seupe of te Me "TR ania is for scimie retrofit devin of existing Renfarced Conca (RC) buildings. This mama] ns been prepared to supplement the follwing standard and puielines, incorporating the characteristics ‘of RC buldings in Bangladesh and seismic design lado” Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC), Forts not covered in thi rata, refer to following sander and guidelines. ()"Standrd for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001 Guidelines for| Seismic Retrofit of Existing Retnforced Concrete Builaings, 2001 and Technical Manual for Seismie| Evutton ond Slane retrofit of Existing Reiforoca Concrete Buildings, 2001” traniated by the Building Research Intute, Jan and published by Japanese Buldng Disaster Prevention Association. | For seismic evaluation of existing RC buildings, reer, (2) Manual for Sremic Evaluation of Estng RC Buldings by CNCRP “The guidelines for seismic evaluation and retrofit design of existing RC bung are not covered in the [BNBC (Bangladesh National Building Code) 1995. BNE: 2019 aso does not gover. This manda has been introduced for seismic rete design of existing RC buildings. This manual has been prepared to supplement the Japanese Standard and Guidelines mentioned above. This Japanese Standard and Guidelines writen in English is based on original Japanese Standard and Guidelines, translator's note, nd the ists ofthe references, “amie as aaa (©) Guidlines oe SesnicRevoft _(¢) Standard of Ssmic Evaluation Design 001 spans (C001) mien (@) Emp Version 200) Figure 11.1 Japancie Standard and Guidelines for Seemie Assessment and Retrofit Design of RC Buildings.Chapter 1. Genera 112 Definiinn of Fechaical Terms Refer tothe Seton 13 Definition forthe terminology ofthe Japanese Standard, Level of Screening of Seismic Evaluation ‘The degree of simplification in clelaing the indies, (seismic inden) of structures, thee serening levels are provided from the Fist level (simple level tothe thi level (detailed level of sereeing. In ‘hic mansl, 2" lve evening procedures manly wed ands susntnde forte ree design 1.14 Outline of Seismic Evaluation and Seismic Retrofit Design (1) Concept: Seismic Evaluation isa metho by which seismic capacity ofan existing RC building is ‘aluated Ths evaluation could be done by manual calculation, Seismic Index of ructire/, hows its seismic peformance level 2) Levels ofcbmicsersening ‘Thre are 3 es of seismic screening method + 1 eve serenning i single alulato fo the sisi epi + 2 eel serening, coluna collapse mechanisms wally assumed "tis noted ht column sizes of bildngs in Baghdesh ar sal and concrete vlure of beam column. ites ae to small compared with those of Japa, This may case the clips of amour joint ‘cen th collapse of column, Cael investigation will be equ fer the assumption of column colle in Banga + 3° level screening, beam and column colle mechanisms considered, but caleulaton is too complex (@) Methodology 8) Building Survey 1) Chssieaton of clu (xara sea ale clu, refer to tble 1.5.2 of vtion 5 and walls ©) Grouping ofcolumas an walls 4) The seamicndex of structure shal be calculated by following equation at each Hoey and in each principal bcrizonaldiretion of a building The regularity index Spi the ist level sreeing and ‘heme index 7 may be used commonly forall storie snd dretions, Ex SoD Where 'E, Basi seismic index of structure So =Imegularity nde 1 ~Timeindex. © Seismic Demand Index of Stace Judgment ‘Seismic Indo of Stu Ls ompared with ene Demand Index of Stat, I, > fen thesesmic performance of the Building i satsacory. In case of Seismi Rerofit Design, concept of retrofit design i studied fist considering the strength and Effective strength fictor ofthe columns atthe ultimate defecation of he walls, which may be taken a5 07. The value should be 1,0 in ease of C, 20. ‘a= Effective strength factor ofthe walls tthe ulate deformation ofthe extremely short cols, ‘which may be taken a 0.7, fective strength factor ofthe columas atthe ultimate deformation of the extremely shor columas, which may be aken a8 05 = Deetiity index of the RC walls (detlity index of columns incase Cis nearly egal 100), which may be taken a5 1.0. ‘Fec= Ductlty index of extremely short columns, which may be taken a 08, (2) 2 Level Sereeing Table 1.52 Classification of Vertical Members Based on allure Modes inthe 2nd Level, Vetical member [ Definition RC sar val re precede leur yielding RC eww wall | RC walle whovs fleoral yielding prose seat flrs ‘Shear colamn | COINS whose shear failure precede flexural yielding, excep fo extremely brite columns Flearal cdumma | Columns whote flexor yielding precede shear alte ‘Columns wiose i Dare equal oo slr thin 2 and ses ile Exeenly brite column | eehap. Genera ‘The effictive strength Actor g, may be taken as given in Table 3 of the Japanese Standard. (2) ‘Duciliy-dominant basi seismic index of structure Equation (4) Wl deiee tg et Ben ay VEN + By +E (ofthe. Standard Where Brook, Ee CF, C; Bfectivessrength factor ofa shear column, calculated by 2 ig ED cag P19 sy Osy a= Eee seg ctor of letra clu, celts by an =2ED 0340744 Om Ray a Di ag lying ey Egat (13:1) Sati onto te ne Sus em fey Ro ant fee wonder s0 feces sey E20 nthe Seen pros ote Sandré Gey afin sn, 3 Soran eet cp Rao he elie 20 Snr seg os cumin boat pee 22 te ened 22th tenn yl fan el ihe pop 022 ‘nme SeChapt “Tne bose slam index of srr sal be tken asthe larger one tom Eaustlon () and (5) (6) Caletation of strength index C = Be cocew: (12) othe Japanese tadard Where: (Q.~ Utimate lateral oad-amying capacity of vertical members inthe try concerned. IF The weight ofthe building inlading live load for seismic cleulation supported bythe sore ‘concemed, So, loud factor i excluded (@) Calculation of ductility index F ‘The dusty index of verial member inthe 2 level serening proctor shall be calculated asin Art 3:23 ofthe Japanese Standird. (6) 3 level screening procedure Refer to he Japanese Standard 16. SEISMIC DEMAND INDEX OF STRUCTURE Iso 163 ic Princples (2) Seismic safay of a building shall be judged by comprchensve assessment based on the seismic ‘valuation separately conducted onthe structure and the nen-sructurl element (2) Seismic sate of structure shal be judged by Equation (37) of J. Standard 12h I Equation (37) of, Standard is satisied, the building my be assessed to be "Safethe building possess the seismic capacity roared agaist the expected carthqatke motions”. Otherwise, the balding shoul ‘ve asiesied to be “Uncertain” in ses say (G) Seismic sfery of nonstructural elements of te bung sall be judged based on the standard specitid elsewhere (@) The seismic evaluation document shall be made which includes the indices for evaluation, the faleulation procedures, the seismic index of struct, the seismic demand index, and comments onthe Seismic evaluation andthe safety judgment 1.6.2 Sesmie Demand Index fe {1) The semi demand index of structure shoud be caleulated by Equation (38) of lapanese Standard _ogass ofthe story in he building, Iu EGU Where: ‘Ex ~ Basic seismic demand index of structure, standard values of which shall be selected as follows repatles of the direcion of the building: 8 forthe fir level cresning, E, = 0.5 for the second level sreening, and 0Chapter Genera ie .E.~ 06 forthe tir level screening. 2 ~ Zone index, namely the modification factor accountng for te seismic axtivites and the seismic intensities expected in the region of the site @ = Ground inde, mel the moifston fctor accountng forte effects ofthe amplifistion ofthe surface soi, geological conditions and soil and structure interaction on the expected earthquake mosins. [U = Usage index, namely the modification ctor accounting for the use ofthe bulding. (2) Incase the seismic sary of structure i judged by Equation (37) of lapanese Standard inthe second sd the third level seesning procedure and asseseed tobe “Safe” Equation (39) of lpanese Standard shal aso be satis Ce-SZ0326U Where: 1 suength index at he ubimate deformation of srutre Ieglaiy Index. ‘The index Crumay be modified accordingly inthe same manner, in cae the Basic seismic index of severe E, modified by Equation (6). “The formula of . Standard to calcul the seismic demand index Jy of strustre is mot applicable for Bangladesh because of dieence in stsmicty and building constuction condition. A procedure to calculate the seismic demand index of structure for Bangladesh is proposed below base on study sod ‘experiment conducted under CNCRP Project (PWD-JICA technical cooperation projet (Detaled study report itched as supplimest-1) {As fara the 1" level screening, this wil not be used as final judgment in Bangladesh since background ‘of building consition i diferent As far asthe 3 level sreening, this is complizuted method snd it akes time, and hat not boss. ‘mentioned in dt i thie mani ‘Asa ras, 2" level sereening i practical and reliable, and used for seismic eration and semi reo design 1.6. Selsmic Demand Indes, (Propose for Bauglales) Proposed Seismic Demand Index of Strutre sal be by following equations, (1 Incase ofthe 2 and 3 level sreening method le 2 2 ut op2az1cs ay Where, Z = Seismic zane coefcient, as defined in Sesion 2.8.4.2 of BNBC 2015. 1 Sractue importaee factor, s defined in Section 25.5.1 of BNBC 2015 C5 =Nomnalized acceleation response spectum, which i funtion of sructre(ilding) period and soil ype steels) a defined by Equations 62 35 t0 6 2.384 of BNBC 2015. (2) Inaditon, following condition is required Sp 204022¢, oo r= Cumulative strength index at the ultimate deformation of stuctre. So leglaity index.Chapter 1. Genera Proposed Iso (JzoBased on BNBC 2018) 1 level sereening method isnot wed fr the judgment of safety, 2 level seeening method which i practical sued Incase of 2* and 3" level screening method, Proposed Seismic Derand Index of Stuetute is is expesied hy following equation, hom 080x2x2-1-C a Where, Z + Seismic zone cotficont, 8 defined in Sction 2.54.2 of BNBC 2015 7 : Steeture importance fair, as defined in Seton 2.5.5.1 of BNBC 2015 (Ce: Normalized acceleration response spectrum, which isa futon of structure (building) period and sil type (sites) as defined by Equations 62 354062384 of BNBC 2015 Example: considering medium height RC buildings, lo for 2™ and 3" evel screening i caleulated as follows, Zone 2 (Dhaka) sol ype SC; Jy= 080"0.38= 030 (Z=02, 1.0,C.=2878) soi pe SD, f= O80*0.45=0.36 (Z—02, 1-10, C,-3375) Zone 4 (Sy), sil ype SC, l= 0.8040. ~ 085 = 0:36, 1=10,C=2875) s0iltypeSD, fg 080"081=065 (Z=0.36,1=1.0,C=3375) Refer to the Supplement AL, foe more information. As shown in the Supplement Al, time-bistory response analyaisof frame with restoring force characteristic of degaaing tinear mode! applying iil earthquake waves corresponding to BNBC 2015 was done. The result was compared with the clastic response, andthe the fair 0.80 was inroduced forthe sting of seismic demand index Le based. 93 Proposed Seismic Demand Index of Structure ly shall be by following eeaton In eee ofthe 2" andor 3 level seeing metho applied, Ia = 080-200 a Where: 2Z + Seismic zone coefficient given in Table 62.22 of BNBC93 7 : Struc inporance coefficient given in Table 62.23 of BNBC 93 : Numerical coefficient piven by the rlason, C1258", '§: Site coefficient for sl characterise, 7: Fundamental pried of vibration in seconds, the ‘value of need not exceed 2.75 ‘The proposed Seismic Demand Index of Suucture to meet the condo of BNBC 93 is derived using same concep ofthat of BNBC 2015, Example: In ease of 2% and 3! level screening of fy for medium height ypical RC buildings is ‘aleulatedas flows, Zone2(Dhsks) Jos 080% 041-033 Z=015, Zone 3 (Sylhet) lo = 0.80 0.69 0.¢=235) $8 @=02,1=10,0*278) 2C'S 2042: 3) 20a2z.1-Cy ‘This equzement is shown to provide minimum strength frames at ulimate deformation and to contr maximum Duct index, which #20. ‘Where: C,, = Cumulative srengh inde at the ukimatedaforation of structure. §, = neguaniy index 1.7. TARGET PERFORMANCE AND JUDGMENT The iarget of seismic perfrmance of a building ater veofit should Be desided by considering the existing condition and usage of the building, cos of reoiting and compliance of BNBC. Seismic index lorsuucure afer the reo satisfies the following equation W2@ lo The guideline (Exp. 12-1) ‘Where: a= Design and construction coefficient (0-12) ‘ig Seismic demand index of structs, as shown in Seton 1-6 In cate that simi index of suuctue J s squalor greater than seismic demand index J, then the seismic performance ofthe building is judged equivalent toa building designed and constructed based on NBC 2018, «= design and constuction coeficint (1.0-1.2) is intoduced. Incase thatthe assessment of eof designs andlor retrofit construction i ic, itis suggested to use a withthe value of more than 10. “This value will be reconsidered afer the accurmlation of design and construction of retrofit buldings in Bangladesh near fare C (Strength index) and F (Duetliy index relation can show the basic seismic performance ofa building. For example, as shown in Figure 17.1, (A) A sample building with low strength concrete, which sno ductile, in Zone 2 (Dhaka, say J,= 0.1. Aer retrofit by strength oriented ‘meth like (), wil be inereased more than 0.30 (C-F = 0.30.0) fo soil type SC, and 0.36 for soi ‘ype SD. After revoit by dutty oriented method like (D, J wil be more than 0.30 (C: F=0.15+20) for sil ype SC and 0.36 fr sol ype So. Assuming Sin his example. It is rmpbasied that the seismic performance ofa building i expressed by the malpication of C (strength index) and F (dutty dex) a each storey and in each horizontal direction of a building. The function of C¥F = constant shows byperoli earve a shown in gue 17. As fr asthe safety aginst vertical loa, this manual doesn't cover and shall be evaluated at the same time based on BNBC. ee \ opescarss damp ae ne eet “amr pooh Same) Diy de, Figure 1.7.1 Examples of the Change of Selsmie Performance of Buildings 18Chaoter Genera LLB PROCESS OF RETROFIT DESIGN [Rett design sal be dane io tho saquonce of revo plan, baste Gig, detail dig and asses lor raroi. This proces shall be continued until the seismic index of suet / alr the eto sass he seismic demand index of structure ‘As sated in Section 1.4 of the Guidlines, the process of roft plan, basic design, del design and assessment of refit willbe required as shown in Figre 1... This proces sal be repeated, Until the seismic index of terre J afer the revo satisfies the seismic demand index of stuctre I. AS fa a the yout of reoft members, architectural and M/E requirement will be coordiate. Resi Semi Eatnton { Rewtt Serre Ensen _] Concent of Ratt a aa equa voume eet {jut of tet meander v ough coat ertnate v Retottmanter eign v Evaluation of weigtincease Vv (Clan ts / | ‘Sekmieevaluston evott pan Baxcdesan Det desan Figure L81. Typical Flow of Retrofit Design 19 RUTLDING SURVEY GSaceet ts ae ae ‘arden to deelop Tarot denn and constuction plan, adUiional balding survey Sall be done 4Chapter General ‘Standard proces of building desl serve, sesmic evaluation and rewoit design is shown in Figure 1.9.1 Deal bulding survey to prepare structural and architectural as-built drawings shall be required prior 10 the proest of seismic assessment, sine exiting dawings are not nacesurily show as bit conditions. Material ests inching concrete core and re-bar sampling sal also be required for stsmic evaluation nd reo deen Praline larg suv Det tng eavey >| semi vaason aneusgrart Pastoral sveyterekost >| Sem reat dein end dgnent Figure 19.1 Standard Technical Fow of Retrofit Design ‘Table 1.9.1 Contents of Building Survey | typeof Sunes Opjectives Survey tes Preliminary ‘Visual observation to understand (General survey af the building such a5 rae | enoenier mec Toamniytbocomentsof daa” | TaDbet of uy, for ara; as, of survey. To study the applicability. ae erred SSeenonsanos ant” | Sei ares retrofit design guideline. a Dentnney | SESceemnee rey | nese pee ofthe building | fenoft design To survey the Th mens os of tlldng are an ‘with design ‘dimensions of structural frames, Com ping ars ammo ct a muse | Gemomslamenaltoms, Secrcee minor configuration of column tes and | (trata aging Uy estat tt Serene mane cmstn Sfiirin eran | Ayre ie os = ‘Additional | Tooelopreoft design of mente | Corson with te operon wok, Det Se | gg | oneal peg asset eee sip develops [Note 1) Non-destrutve te such as rebar detector wil be wed forthe checking of rar amengement of colums, but ts revommended ro expose re-bas for afew columns, because rebar deeor cannot ‘measure the sie of rebar accurately.Chapter I. ene (0) Use ofe-bar deecoe (Position of-bar (o Exposure ofrebar (@ Ceneree core sampling (@) Sampled coneret core (© Compre es (HBR)(Chapter 1. Genera {@)Nonstik grout mona and boning age or sir (y) Ret rest after che removal of plaster (Exposure of foundation (ate wring elma i upgeted) (© Drain pipe and elosrca cables on cotunmn —__() Shear strength test of brick wall (Not: wearing helmets suggested) Figure 19.2 Various Survey and Test at a Bulling ite ”haste 4. Genera 110. CONSTRUCTION OF RETROFIT WORK Te consracto nelatng materials of eof work sal conform othe Manual for real consructon) work by CNCR? and related provisions of BNBC. 1) The construction including materials of retrofit work often involves inxperexced and nonstandard items compareé with the construction of a new building Expeimens in pan prove tht the load-carrying expacity and deformation capacity ofthe members those have been strengthened largely tes of pstinsalled|Chapter General (1) Iverton of now RC wall ” & (a) Re-bar and concreting week: (@) Now-shrink grout mortar work done Sth top of wal orion ©) Providing steel fame brave z (6) Boctinsalled anchor work (@) Deal of joint beoveen steel frame and 2 (6) Erected steal famed baco (9 Pressured non-sbrink mortar routing ‘he opi pyro ‘Figure 1.10.1 Construction of rtroft work 19(Chapter 1.Gencal {LIL SUGGESTED MODIFICATION OF JAPANESE STANDARD FOR BANGLADESH [The Summary of modifications of Tepanese Standard (Guidelines Yor Ws application im Bangladesh shown in Table 11.1 “Modifications of Japancse standard and guidelines for ts aplication in Banglades are summarized in ‘asle L111, with espect to A: General, B: Ductlity index, C: Suengi index, D: Lnegliy inex, E: (Quliy magento ot work and F Others. I$ noted that proposed numerical values have besa cowider based on the present best knowledge, but are txative values and twill eed further ‘earchlexperimen forthe verification! modifieation n Bangladesh, ‘Table ILL. Sopgested Modifications of Japanese Standard forts Appleation i Bangladesh (©) denotes rumericl values shown are tentative suggestion and neods further reserchexperiment for ‘varies modiieation a Bangladesh, swacrete) em Japan “Bongos "The Sandid fr Sins ‘Simic Brana Mabul nd Stee Revit Design valor of Exiting RC ‘Manual of Exisig RC Bulings (CNCRP) Tide | Baling, Guitine fr Scismic Revolt Design of Existing RC Bulings 2001 GBDPA). Genera 1. Sas Re Sul aliens” Tees Recent 2 Levelol | FP and level wreening | 2 and 7 level erening method 2 level serening ‘miedo is manly eed | screening method is applied, which is stable and acta fo buldings level Serening tol i nat ed for be jude Rett, Chg.) ry ‘in sng a scred by he | Many biking a towing ENC, wh sine baiting, ‘wing iw atconstaton, | mana i200 Dt baling rey eu, ‘Seengih ofeanre cre = (evel Cap.) ‘Average standard deviation!2, | C)Stengh ofconcree ca (No hss) 10mm amet in gene, | Coesteagh ge overt a of ne 2d eh oft ae dvi hy 5 maybe dir x 50mm dnote geval fr cluee Rel ACL a2 ls Agpesions | Conran F notes tan | Concesegth nt tn Nm CCoocrete strength | 13.5Nimmn® Solow srg | Redon ctr Frc shar senghin cae of conse seh over te 35 Ni (Chap 2) Seen ndex of strc TeEsSoT TEST, syetthiexe Ooch)‘Chapter 1. General Tem pan ‘Bangla “Scie demand | Seo aad index farce | C) roped Ta for 208 Tee ene inact, |b 2 i to B= 08022:1:6, I, £200 csi demand index of | 8% fai reapns ser fe cone!) es ZS ecient eal Sion peoeesreceans 21542 of BNBCIOIS (E06 fr dadlevelscering | Stirs importance ecaceraiccescnse | C Nominal wean egos pen, Seema ih sa finten osu (tin pod ee et ene Ug index : aereIeieee one (Dhak) da ght RC ings ews easy | 2196. ta 08" 036° 030 2-02 10, C-2895) Ex Tamar seen | pfs 045-036 (2-02 Ml 0.C2397) Zone Sy ds pt RC ings — {ea 9, = 08206055 2-036, 0.0289) Sy Mepctyinder & Sil SD, lg= 095081065 2-036 10,673.31 oe "SD, La=O8008-085 (2-036, 10,673.39) IMigrise nc in Tokyo, | c,.s,20e2x210, J)" 06% 1.0+1.011.0- 0.6 3 “a G-u-10) Cy = Canale srenptindr the te tortion of race Sy egy ne {Gp 16a Spent A) | Yada ae Jn 80 5m Baa | a Se el Ey confit lO ean constant penis Staiipraio [6923232 ote Sims set | NSC GNA lows dplsenent contin’ pce “This inmotied “Enea conta | er, Suplanet Al ad 3) eae Balaton of | Ra Ray ‘racine Revo Salen A) Docly inden | Rap HC2Qu/0eht) | QL incase tv of bop, $100 hain (A183) RIB 4 | 075. (1+0058,, 72, Ted] Seng ened daciy | Sug and vite iid els oan ley recreation wl | (Deity renter vs re defrmaton d ese thy column ae outed be oie, beam ‘Stone jot nyto ror land ‘ey ek al eregoret ober {Thre wnt be cand Reo Chap 21) aChaparral ep Banglades | Upper init of «formation capacity 1 Coin aia farce ratio NOD) ad Duet nde, Be Dacity Clu ster > 100m N@DFJ>04,F-=10 Cole enter 100m, N@D2,>05,F-10 NQF SO6iempliabe 2, De Colum with nd dep Fseaneraestengh 1: Axil ree witht on tr (WODA)<04 scanmon) onli) = Bie forstylR> 02 (A12-2) [() Ordinary conerete @ 183 Ninn) Incase hl shar reinforcement of eirn by BNBC, 21Omuna Sound Phe reinfrcment rio) 2 02% = Nb: D-F.)<05S,F=127 (so R= USD), NODE, 12055, F~ 1.0 (an R= W150). Ince ht she reife ahr anes, (DF) 208, F= 10(aim R= 1180, Fr bath cases Wb DF) 208, F=08, Toiseds rer consideration, (*) Lom strength conerete (13. Nis) Jn cae hat shar reinforcement 2 10mg 200m sstsid or P= 015% 04 Nb-D-F,) <6, F=127 ain R= 1/50), WKODE.)206, P= 10(aim R= 1250, ase ht shear reinfrcomet is ote as DAN (ODE ).F> 10 (een R= 1250) Fer both cases N(® DF, )2 08, F= 05, (im R“1/500 Toisneds rte consderaton, (Considering te rest by CNCRP in 2012 an 2013 (Utimaedetomationepacity of 1/100 fo N(@DF)=058 and eginering lame! Reef, Soppleeat A3) Column xi capacity ot long tam is cesked by BNBC (Paced oa P= 0890 (085 eA, 7) Average of de an ive od tes LAS, (6) (No change (Reo, Supplement Ad) eal futha onidetion reed o BNBC. iio wis Caw @)™ Rar p> 139% F= 10 (Elan, Suppanat Revo, Spperen’ 4) oop) wai29) (PNo change Ref Supplement A4) 1k needs fier consideration resed to. BNAC. Requirement of 26) shown fx Spi moment frame of ACIS TS Cer pan and ep aio Beall Re fek/DELd (A120) (@) No concrete dancing wall Bruton of Wak standing Wall se nett. (Reroft, Supplement AS)Chapter 1. Genera aad (@) iti sr far of short ef doe ick ‘ani wal as ot een a, per nif clan ‘Ordinary concrete, F= 15 (ain ef sey cefleston angle, 1/24) ~1.78 (1100) {ow strength concrete (F< 18SNie), P= 127 eens) 180/08) Incase tat shea rnfrcementrati P festa it lesthan 0.2% the wre of salle Fafabove wed. (According wo seul st by CNCRP i 2012 and ‘Shear let toeydtestion angle of 1/10 and mare [nelly incase of low tna ence. Suggested ‘als lly overestimated copra the aio Sength increas duet bik standing wall) (Supplement A2) a safety has boo oie ee tea lara joint oper imi of columa Flowing used ‘Ordinary coneret, mat. P= L7S aime story election angle, R100) Low strength conerite, max. F= 15 (R-1/28) (According til elation, ea fle osc at eam sun joi incase few stength conte, On| ‘ether hand sid ut sear fare of eas ‘elu join eur at /100 ofl ection ale erly) (Reo, SapplanatA7) (@)Retution of Dest nde: of column, Feonpared vith 35 degree oak wed, roped oe eno ‘edocs ser enicement x "OP ns of 90 dese nok (Reo, Sop A) (Exiting onesie sng lover thn 155 Nin, tno! es than 80 Nino lowing ised Standard Intro conection method F150 ot es. Epory tsi enecton method: F=1.27 ores (Ref, Chap. 33) (C) ised edie 10% af tral soca of ‘lua tenaely, incase of strength const of hich bond sae slow: (Rett, Cop. 34) tem Japon Short col | Brat Dati index (Shear faire) | comiderig short ealur cased by wed ty andy | RCstaning wal ‘wll and Dues | Shea failure evar, F= 1.0 index 30) Exeenly bite column, P= 038, 1200) ‘Or ovis to RC stnding walt revert sho ‘tenn. Beam column Nevpecife require jointand Duity | (Danage ofbeam coum ons Inder | very rat in apn Beene of | slave large column se.) “90 dee ok | Retain of Diy deaf ofcohumn ie | eam, F compared wit 3S tnd Dctlity | dapecook suggested [tase ‘Rents | Ow afseope fer Tow seth famedtricefor | ewcrete strngh conte fame CeStrengt Tan main-bar] Neapcifiorenremen. td low eng 2 Dermal tar, Nospeioveqiremsat soar pan sien ao anon) SsShortanchor [Nowpelereqakenent Jeng offeam ‘nena coluna ‘Cy isrequred ores He weg ase ofthe ombinton of defame bar, srength ogre and hear spe oun dep to QD) =30, ‘onsiering the bon aie (vast, Supplement) abo lng of beams in bar aan extra ‘alum ssippos sued reduce 25% nd mas. 50 fethin dept sarn st 250m) af xual sre of th aura by 2 lel scening (Chap 21) Sir cndtn of Ff appli 23Sepa ‘Benge ‘Concee | Conse wang ofeising | () Right bs aseptable ture average cones Seng ot | column portion i sed fa the | atengh ef esting nd atonal portion proprtenl © Sicksed column | srengh etalon of jotted | ir ston aren fr the caleuiion of esa stoengh of sot, cotunn.| (Eising concrete is ener ow sength and siz of existing eau gee small) Need farther study and nvestizon, egal Index Slated i 1. Piai Gof] Frauaton of Pia Gat story) | (-)Evalain of Pi Got sory ecltao bik wall | sre reed RC wal isrequrel” | treqired (Remft, Chapter 22) E: Quality management of retro work 1. Qa sont Reva desig dln, Chap] Sete mam, Consrsoo cnet manal of REWOE| ‘4, Const feta wack | work (Rear, Cap 110) FiOthers T Aimefsorey | epee mabsivin lop | *)Nocange setecton angle | storey election angle sted of | Result of experiment by CNCRP en 2012 and 2013 is tandrdesamn appa. 1150. | shown sow fr into, (Ref, Supplement ‘Utne detec angle of RC | AZ) shear wall appro. 1250 ‘Story elstion angle st yld of standard clu, ‘Unite "deeton angle of pox. 1/100 ccxtremely ie column, approx | Store defection angle at max sung with high ai soo ferceratiolow seth cence) apex. 1100 Storey deflection angle sear flere of RC wll, appr 1200 Storey deecton angle of max, sng of el med beac, approx 1200, Further accrbltion of eed dairies, ‘Nee ACT 37803 (Seen Enon of xing Concrete Buildings), the See S11 ACI ISR 4 (Commenuty o Building Code Reguirement fe Suc! Concrete) ‘ACI 214.4805 (Guide i Obssinng Cores and ltepretngConpesion Strength Resi), See 62CHAPTER 2, PLANNING ANDBASIC DESIGN 2 PLANNING OF RETROFIT 24.1 General [asic policy to mest the demand sein parfmance By improving srengih ander dctliy of te bling is defined In ation, optimum retrofit method that mets denund performance is selected. An ‘overall study is conducted at the plnning stage cosiering the building Function afer retrofit and [sorta of rezoitconstucton as well as performance upgrading by sisi retrofit. 21.2 Classteation of Retroft Method “Retrofit method and system forthe sami improvements casified as shown in Figur 21-1 Strength improvement ce ditty improvement is adopted forthe revofit generly. Avoidance of damage ‘concetaton i also iapoiant fr the plan of retrofit. Reduction of seismic force suchas Base isolation ‘nd Vibration contol as not been covered in this manual, but related infomation is shown in “Supplement B7” fo information only. ‘Seng improvanet RC wall Ja] set famed bce Ll cota aking (exten jacking tel portion) Se L [carton ter wring Tron fcc fies on ‘voice ofdamage [>| Improvement of ato chaste i ee Reduonofeomic fase po Weghedcicn fe [improvement or tnuze mice Seal §, | Remon! of pe Noor Figure 21.1 Clasifiation of Retrot Method! Sytem forthe Selsale ImprovementChapter 2_Planlngand Basi Desig 2A Phan of Retrofe Following fctrs are considered for planing of roi 1. Defective storey based on the result of seismic evaluation, especially the strength index C end ‘uctlity index of each storey and each dreton, and regularity inde Sy 2. Defining demand performance 5. Limitation of retrofit such a5 characteristics of existing trace, bailing fneton usage, coe, time and ease of consiruction 4. Pervert tho tage resonable prance 5. Baimtion of required volume of revit 6 Layout of tbe retrofit members ‘7 -Jalue and C value and thar smooth vertical dntbution aftr thereto 5: Impact on existing foundation 214 Recommendation Generally it canbe said that both stregsh and ductility of exiting RC buildings in Bangladesh ae not enough To improve the ductility ofa building, almost all columns will be required to retrofit t lower ‘oor. twill allow large defection of frames and may caute damage of brick walls, notstrctral clement, In this manual, ts recommended 1 apply stength oriented retrofit and to reduce storey deflection of fiames as shown in Figure 21.2, which will also reduce the in-plane damage of brick walls, ‘non-structural elements. Strength inprovement methods such as providing RC wall, sel famed brace ‘viet connetion type) and column jacketing ar inroduce in Chapter 3 If ductility oriented reoft is applied, almost all columns at lower storey may be required to be rerofited. The possibilty of shear failure at beam column joint is high a large deletion. On the ther hand retrofit method at bear cola joint i practically difficult, In aditon big deflection of inlet ‘rk wall in plne wl require sore countermesrues. stg lege Seqastesinsge ayes | Hovey oocyte Figure21.2 Recommended Retrofit Plas for Existing RC Buildings 28Chapter 2. Planingand Bask Design 22. BASICDESIGN 2.2.1 General The rue seine prone of real dened y difeenceBawees We demand PeTorRARe] sod the performance of existing building. Arrangement of the revo elements planed based on the ‘timated amount of revo elements obtained from expected performance of selected revoit method. Wen planing the auangeneuts of ert element, scinmie balance and influence onthe building function iso be considered 22.2 Requlred Quunthy of Reroft Incate of srength oriented strctirs required suength of revo is estimated as shown in Figure 22, the shortage of strenght intended dest index is calculated as fllows sn Where, AC: Shortage of Seng Index at ith storey ‘AQ, Shortage of Shear Strength at ith storey 2 Total building weight supported by ith storey 89) =ac, «2%; HE Reciprocal of soy maison fcae F : Intended Duty Index fr revo sls: Target Sits Index of Structure for reat [yj Seismic Index of Strut a ith storey before retoit (Equation 8) ofthe. Standard) Siegal Index before and afer stot 1.17: Time Index before and ater revo Source; Hantook feat siting desig of sre JSCA in pn aa “T ‘Scent Indes, ©Chapter 2._Planing and Das Design ‘A Sample Table for required strength calculation: Requied horizontal strength Qy for eetofi, intended Duct index Fafter the rarofit is calelated as shown in Table 2.1.1 (1) The Japanese Staind 0 sw | sor) Inet 0 gly Eatin 27 Reuied coefficient, | Onafter roof, ao dona le | met ts ogy, | ME ae FST | wel FS, Te ay) er To FeSo(ater | 0) om | Py revo) @ oy awonte jaan | - o aw 22.3, Required Amount of Rerone [Nomher af RC wale or Stel rice with fame i requir to he etna Rauigh var arangth af ane set of RC wal and one set of scl bracing is calculted with reasonable assumption as fllows, to get ‘some idea of reiting. 4) Rewoit by RC wal [Assuming the increase of shear strength by the installation ofthe RC wall, required rough ttl length of shear walls alulated as follows. 20, aap 2) u ‘Whar, Lj Required total length of addtional RC wall at th storey .Q: Reuied shear tenth for eso at ith storey 4: Thess of RC wall for reetit Shor stress of shear wal a ulate stage 28(Chapeer2._Plaaingand Basie Design ‘An example of supposed shear suength of RC wall is shown in Table 2.2.2 The configuration is shown in Figure 2.22 In this example, al clear length is suppoted to be 500mm and concrete strength is 18N/mm?. For the del of ealeustion, refer to Section 3.1 of the Guideline. Average shear sess + (Nim) of wal panel is shown for information. Ducility Index F of RC wall with shear flu i 1.0 j____j aol Anchor shear srengh fot led ch rele to Chager 35 “Ot Shesrsrengh af RC wal fer to Caper 3.2- [ie Figure 22.2 RC Wall for Retrofit ‘Table 222 Shear Strength of RC Wall Panel by Retrofit [rr [awomensoawaen [waminee 5, Seeman eoslyt i rent | foe iy) |e I men [oe [emmy [ome [ae ms Tne [ae ‘Note: 1)L= $50, lar lng of wall 2 Conese strength of val, F, =18Nimn, and existing members, IRN me? 3) Rebar, = 400M? 4) Non-srnk marear wil be provided atthe top of wal with pit preventing rebar. In case that existing concrete strength i Nima’, fllowing post installed anchor is recommended, ‘based onthe clelation of Seton 3.5. ‘Table 22.3. Shear Strength of Post Installed Anchor (in Case Conerete Strength fs 14N/Mtm") ‘Wal Bicknes (am) Post inslled anor | ancbr .(8N) 1-160 ‘nig00 [Teo ‘iimmaisd [2170 i= 700 ‘exon 150—— [2170 ‘orimnai?s | 20 ts noted hat shear strength of RC wall wl be decided by the port installa anchor a the connection in ‘ase of ow strength conereeof existing structure. ‘Shear strength of in-filled shear pane (ony for he panel in he ler wit) bythe J Guidlines, Column strength s exclude in this calelation, Qe = 0829 yr Fgy 120205: PyigMy yl (3.154) Tes. cud 9Chapter2._Plnningand Basi Design Wee Po = wal freemen aia il strength fhe wall refers arn) ‘Fey = Concrete strength of the installed panels (N/mm’) {Wall hicks nd clear spn of installed wal uel (a) 2) Steel raed brace Suposng the incr ft shear strength by providing ss! race wi ame, eqied munber of stl race roughly ated slows 204 x Pu ree ‘Whee, Regie shea stegh fri, Qu: nr shar stn of ne set fel ce ‘As arte member of tel bracing icone the we of H sexton member, auch at H-150 «150 10 and mare ecommend inthe Sexton of he Gudtines. Te aerate proposed in thi sana tthe chan! scsonoconbiation of tw es of age stn, Unless proper tnd ‘nd quality of but welding sensed, he conection of gue pte ype shuld be applied te jon ‘sing filet wedng ot Dimeson of pial fame i sown below gue 225). For dl ‘alsin of ste aed brace, refer to Secon 3. of ths manu ocking prevention h | Te Compressive antes seg often member pec, rer X se Chapter 33 Figure 22.3. An Example of Steel Framed Brace “Table 22.4. Shear Strength of Stel Framed Brice Settncne | Potintiie | Hedland) | C:compeize [Tease | Seraph (8) en seam |awegingsy | (ee tbame T1000 HO | éamaso emma HO] 1099 too [150 [e200 st00 10 | (= 01) 210010013 | eismmaiso [een 10 | 193) Tae [i (cam sto0s19) | (Qe23000 aLi0=e=2 [ezinmalrs [Eerie Te | 17 veo (3300 (C20 130919) | (@=260009 [Not 1) Yield stres, «= 345Nm or equivalent mater 2) Effective arca of 80% by bolting hoes was supposed for he caleulaon of tension strength 3) Concrete suength of exiting members, F= {SN ‘4 Non-strink grout mortar i provided a the perimeter, with split prevention rebar. Ie is noted that shear strength of steel bracing will be decided by the post installed anchor atthe ‘connection in ease of ow strength concrete, which smile to RC wall. ‘Docs index F of Sel braced fame is inthe range of 15-2. generally Ey‘Chapter 2. Planingand Basic Design LA Nom Structural Brick Wall [ei wellknown that exiting brok walls, which are non-structural clement, fet the behavior of te sirusire, But sructural behavior is not well known and the quanitaive evaluation is sill not well established Existing brick wall will fet the stiffness and strength ofthe frame. Ths may have postive ane egaive impact on the sructre ‘Shox column Shor column is caused by brick standing wal nd his may cane brite Kile of vluams, Howeve! strength orcad revofit will rice the response defection and will reduce this influence of shot columns Soft storey (plots) ‘An important aspect for retrofit related to brick wall isa buling withthe Sot story, o pilots lor. the ground flor is a cr parking with no brick walls and I* lowe and above are fr residential or office ‘se with plenty of infill walls, then the ground flor will be judged as the sft story. In case of en ‘earthquake, amge wll be concentrated atthe sft story. Schematic picnze of collapse ofa sot story is ‘shown in Figure 2.24 In thi cae, recommended strongly to eof he sft story. For quantatve assessment it 6 suggested to do execute ime history response analysis based on resting fee characteristics of RC frames incorporating assumed increase of stiffness and strength by trict walls Sof storey Figure 224 Schematic Petre of Collapse ofa Sot Storey (Pilots) Escentrcity In ese of eccentricity caused by brick wall adequate, rewoit measures shouldbe taken to prevent the ot of eccentricity a(Chapler2._ Planning and Bae Design 225 Exiacton from the Structural Experiment 2013 by CNCRP Seuctual experiments on retofited members were dane by CNCRP in 2013, The summary of the experiment is shown inthe atachal Supplement 2 Simplified monotonic loud defetion curve ie shown. in Figure 22.Sand 2.2.6 Low strength concrete (F. ~10.6N/n) with colamn axial force ratio (7D. of 68 was used, Poor shear reinforcement was provided in the columns. 5) Retrofit by RC wall and ste famed brace By providing RC wall (pecimen n0.5) or stel famed brace (specimen na6), sear stength ofa fame canbe increased by reuofting. After shear fre ofthe wal tel frames brace the column could not suppor vertical toad any longer cue to shear fare, wiih s brie innate. The reason of his ture was due 10 litle shear reinforcement and high axial fore ratio of the weak columa. It will be recommended to provide column jackating roger with RC wall of ste braced fame to inerease deformability of columns. In case existing columns are aot so weak, culm jacketing will not be quired to astall RC wal rstel framed brace. tnt tek jr) Mrs oe) ‘Pus yin?) at tone cena a) "pe Ni cae a om) n= Figure 22.5. Simple Lood-Defection Curve with Retrefited Specimens 22(Charter2_Plnning nd Basi Design {Nonstructural brick wall Specimen wit rick standing val of No; (2013) and 2012 Nod show the reduction of deformation and increase ofstength Sher failure of column occurred ad the deop of vertical strength occured atthe ‘sam tne, Spoimen Nod with brickswall and without opening showed the inrease of strength but deformability mas reduced. In this ese, ot of plane movement of brick wall has not been considered Tt willbe effetve to contol the storey deflection angle of RC fame within 1180 incase of low strengh Concee, and within 1/100 in ease of diary conerte, to prevent the in-plane fre of nonstrutunt bok wal ‘Axil fore: Specimen No.1-Nos,(b-D-F.)= 068, (F.~10.6Nnm?, N“163KN) Specimen 2012-Nod, 5, Wifb-D-F,)= 044 (Fo10 6Nimm?, W=1634N) Note: Masking: ¥ denotes pint of “Drop in vertical strength -y dente pint of ‘Shear fue” se aace09 eng =nnta Scum ore comm com) aes Figare 22.6 Simplified Load-Deflection Curve with Brick Wall SpecimensaCHAPTER 3. RETROFIT DESIGN OF MEMBERS AND FRAMES 31 INTRODUCTION [Retro design of members and frames aro done tad onthe sus carastaisis by the wcanmet land the target of the improvement of strength ductility and ireulrity of the building. Following methods are recommended 0 apply generally. wall, Stel famed brace and RC jacketing fr column _| Resrofit method and system are introduced in Chaper 2. Following: are typial methods of retrofit Resrofit dssign of members and frames are done subje: to the conditions, such as requted strength, ucilty and irzeglaiy. 1 Installing RC wall 2) naling RC wing wall, 43) Column a) RC jacking () Ste plate jacketing (c) Carbon ier wrapping 4)Isallng Stel famed brace 5) Beam strengthening (6 Foundation szengtbening 7) Nonstructural elements (components) §8) Post istled anchor 11 nto be noted that above method 1), 2) and 4) ae use to increase strength generally. Method 3) (a) and 3) (ae wed for both strength and ductility inrease Method 3) cis wed fo increase dutty. tis recommended to increase suengt of members and fam of buildings as stated in Chapter 2. I this ‘manual, 1) RC wal, 4) Stee! framed brace (in-dreteomnection method), 3) RC jackting fr column, snd 8) post.nstalled anchor are intoduced, Refer to the Japanese Guidelines fr methods not covered i 32 INSTALLING RE WALLS. 321 Outline |Reofit by installing shear wall isto install new RC wall andor repace existing brick wall with RC wall in oxdr to incense horton load carving capacity of existing building. This is stengihoremted reo. Post installed anchors ae used for the connection of new RC wall wih exiting RC frames, |Nom-srik grou mortars used a the op of new RC wall generally. Rebar preventing split of concrete iat wed asChapter 3. Revol Des of Members and Frames 1) Fallure mode of RC wall Following flue modes of Figure 32.1 ae contdered with rapect to stengthand dutty of RC wall and alums. Duct index is evaluated based on the type of failure. Connection flues not desirable ‘esate of its rite nature = = i — + (o) seer tatie of wat (©) Connection fre (Prt tare = (Shae ao aa colann 0 ya Figure 32.1. General Behavior of RC Wal ‘Source: “Handbook of Barhqate Resistant Dzign of Sacre JSC, Japanese) igre odd fom ractarl experiment 2013 by CNC. "tis noted that flre mode of () shear fire of wall and column has occurrecbecause of weak column. (See the structural experiment by CNCRP 2013). This is very brite failure without uci. Storey deletion angle at bet flue of RC walls evaluated as proximately 1/250 in apen, bt according to the same structural experiment by CNCRP tis was approximately 1/200, ease of slender size of columns, (Refer to Supplement A2). 322 Target Performance sialations of shear walls ate designed so thatthe capacity of revofited bulding meets the demand capacity. Strength is evaluated considering the failure mode of shear wall, boundary fame or upli strength of wal Expected stengih of nfl shear walls «= 0.25 F, (8 the avaage shear rss of ‘wall in clear span of columns, Fe compresive strength of existing concrete) in case of wals without opening. Difereat ductility is expected due to the failure mode, Duility Index Fi set as follows. In| ss of midis bigs, sear flue mde apd eral le made ae generally conte, (0) Shear failure mode 10 (i) Pexure failure mode vw MO-20 (i) Foundation uplift mode 1030 ) Shene wall ‘The ductility index ofa shear wall should be defined as 10 38oe Revo Design of Members md Frames ©) Feral wat “he yn of Bru ol sub ced by Eq (9) he 1 Std aon he Invinof he shar sang othe sh fect era eng of wall MyQaleQa=10then F= 10 WH yQu/vQae2 1.3 then F = 2.0 (in case of wall without columas , 11105, 40.13 thn P shld be eae by nepaaton were Qu= Ultimate shear strength of the wall, calculated by Eq.(A2.1-2) in the Supplementary Provisions of] Stata ‘wOeu= Shear force at the flexural strength of the wall, calculated according to tbe item 3.2.2 (2) (¢) ‘ithe Sand Teton ptf wall see. ex seenghof al shld be elated edn Soper A21,1 of, Sad Mo 4,209 o9055 (05°89) O50 (8m) (aa.-oft Sons re: Fl ai cea beter cohms nc othe Wall 2,5 Cot nal ae of te euler ars of boundary coum and the voi enforsing a ne al eps) d= Vd eg feel icing br of body nd the vei ‘reinforcing bars inthe wal, respectively (N/mm) {p= Dror went cnr ft indy ane fe wal am) 5) (3) 6f5.Stniard S24 Ukiate Strength of Clam () Ulimate ecural strength (6) The ultimate flexural strength of column shall be calulted with Equation (A 1-1 of, Standard) For Nyu2N>04b-D Fe atte g D+ 0-0 For 048-D-R2N>0 M, 080-4,-D+05v-D- For 0>N2 Naw My= 084-0 D+0AN-D (Al. of J Saniard) Whee: ‘Nw = Axial compresive strength =b-D- Fay 50S) Noe = Axial eile steng N= Axial force 09. 44, = Total ros sectional ares of esl reinforcing bars (ma 4, = Total cross sctioal ares of reinforcing bars (ms) B= Columa width am, D_— = Cohuma depth a. = Yield strength of enforcing bas (Nim), Fe = Compressive strength of concrete (Nim) (b) The mal layered reinforcement shal e considered in using Equation (AL.I-1 of. Standard), (6) Incaleulting the ultimate lexral strength of columns, another elelation method such as based on. igi-platc theory may be wed instead 3er, Rerof Design of Merb nd Frames (2) Unimate shear strength (4) Uitiate shear strength of colutns shal be calculted wih Equation (AI. 1-2 of. Standard), senate ij (A120 Standard) Py = Tensile enforcement ratio (4). Pe = Shear reinforcement ati, ps ~ 0.012 for 2 0012 Gy ~ Yield strength of shear enforcing bars (Niu. c= Axial stress in column (Nm), 7 @ he J Eun pneu Sonn may bape = ‘iar spun nga Deilraeis = cea tg of tn Dis ve cent coment eft ae 80. (©) Ifthe vale of M (Qa is ess than unity or greater than 3, the value ofA (Qc) shal be unity 5 respectively in using Equation (A.1-2). And ifthe value of os greater than 8Nimm the vale of ce shall be 8N/mm in sing Equation (AL.1-2) 324, Strength ofin-Flled RC Wall (2) Shear strength of wall (.0) Shear strength of wall fa unted wall is calculated. In ation to his, shear strength is calulated fom ‘the comparison of failure mode of shear wal pane and connetion 8 follows, Qn= min (Ons Qn +2--Q-,Q,%y0e% 0-03 The. Guidelines (modified 3.1.5.3) Whee, Qn = Shear strength of shear walls Qs ® Shea tenth of infled shear pane (only forthe pane prt inthe lear height and with) Q —_=Sumof he shar suengh of connectors underneath he bes. 1. =Direct shear strength atthe top ofa column. Q —~Smale vale ofthe other column between the shen force atthe yielding and shear strength. @ = Reduction factor in consideration of the deflection condition to allow for loud bearing contribution of columa(?}. Following value can be used, in case without dele ty. 1.0- inthe case of hex flue of columns 0.7 in the case of leur failure Gu ~Shoarsuength as united shar wall with columns (Geis ealeulated as fllows, 6 Shea reo teferrl ying, Q = 24M, H-and compres cea (9 withthe eng of column Q, smaller vl ie. 3Chapter 3 Reis of Menbers ad Frames (2) Shear strength asa united shear wal with columns 0.053p,""08+ F) 2. +085 YP. 0, +00) -b, J, for MH so12 a @o re 1 7 Figore3.22 Wall with Boundary Columas (Ref, The J. Standard Fig. A21-1) Where Pe = 1002-2): Equivalent tesle enforcement ati (%). 14) = Crocs sectional ara of the flexural reinforcement ofthe boundary column inthe tension side of wal 1 =Wall eng. All: Equivalent thickness of the wall YEA ~Cross setonl aa ofthe wall ‘Bo= al(bs)™ Equivalet ata enforcement ratio (0, ‘yy = Cross setional av of pir ofthe lateral reinforcement and its spacing, respectively q)_ = Yield suengt of he lateral reiforcing bar. n= Wilby: Axial tes The da shall be nt greter than SN. je ~Distnce between the cetoid of tension and compression ores, nd may be taken at der Lor |MiQ. ~ Incase of no special study, the inflection height off /2 canbe applied, which i described in the section 3.2.2 ofthe standard (6) Shear strength of ln-filled shear wall pane (only forthe pane! in he clear height and width) = 9% 5, Fl 008: yay 6.154) the Guidelines Where: os 08, = Wall elaforcrent ratio an ye strength ofthe wall enforcing bar (Nim) F._= Concrete stengnof the installed panels (Nm) tle= Wall tikes nd cles spn oft wal panel (sx)(Chanter 3._Retot Design of Meer and Frames (4 Direct shear strength of olumns 102 Kou t'beD ‘Te Guidelines 8.155) Where Kon ©0384 (82 +a/D). fe 2098 +0.1F4 + 08Seincase0< ¢<0.33 F-2.75 0.22 y+ 048e incase 0.33 Fy-2.75 <0 066 Fy 0.6 Fy ineas0 0.65 Fico b= Effective width of columns resisting aguist the direct shear force considering the connected members in the orthogonal dietion, D_~Depthof columns resisting against the direct sear force. ‘ai = Shear span; distance between the beam face a the column top sod the pont of lateral {erve fom the infilled wall. = D/A is used generally Fa ~ Speed conrete strength of existing structures (Ninn?) 2 = Peo Pe ~ Ratio of a, (gross cross section aren of longitudinal reinforcing bars of a column concerned) t0 5D. ‘Yield swength of longitudinal enforcing bars ofa column. [N(@D), where Ni an axa fre ofthe column at whimate mechanism, postive valve means compression face. () Structural detail 2) Ladder type re bars or euivalet shal be provided at anchor area to prevent spl failure of wall ane 1b) Conerete strength fr sengtening shall not be les than exiting consrete «) Wal thicknes of ot les tha f= 160mm with double ayer reinforcement ie recommended. 4) Wall reinforement ratio p. and connecting rebar (sch as ler reat) ati of not less than 04% ‘srequied, 325 Example on In-fled RC Wall Shear sength of infill RC wal is caleulated as follows () Design Data: i. Noopeningis assumed in inserted shear wall Cente tocztre span of cola = 6000 mm ii, Column sie ~ $0 mm «500 jv. Story heigit =3000 mm ¥.Depthof floor beam = 500 mn Yi Main ear of cola =8 ~ 925 mm deformed brand tie spacing = 910mm 150mm vi Thicknes of inserted shear wall = 160 mn viii Reinforcement of sear wal = Double layer 98 mm @150 mm in each direction ia, Existing ail force on each column, N= 1750 kN 40ptr Reoft Design of Members and Frames ‘wall “Thickness: 160m ‘Rear GSaun(@150nn, Double layer cotuma Sie: SO0nan = 500mm Main bar &- 25mm deformed bar Te (sear reinercement: 100150 Post installed anchor Exiting aia oe on each clu, N= 180 EN Anchor: 19 @ 10m at perimeter Figure 3.23 Column and Wall ection (2) Materia Data: {exis columa: ‘Concrete strengih: F.= 14 Nima? ‘Young's modulus: £,= 17,580 Nin? ‘Yield strength of bar oy = 275Nl ii, Inserted shear wall: CCorrete strength: F= 18 Nam (Allowable lowes for retrofit work) ‘Young's modus: E, = 19,930 Nin? Yield strength of rebar, = 400m? Design strength of non srink grout mortar: Fy = 30Nn ‘Shear strength (r design) of n-fled RC wall inserted shear wal) is called as fllows: “The srength of shear wall shal be minimum beoveenwall-colume failure and join-columa fire, Bu this strength shall ot be more than monolithic shear wall Qa = min On +2-aQe, Q)+WQ.+ 2-0.) (@) Strength of existing column, (@) Shear force of olin at ultimate flexural strength Column wid, 6 = 00 mm Column dept, D = 500 mm Now, O45 -D» Fe =04 > 500 «500 14 1400 « 10 N-< 1,750 (axial fore o column) Axial compressive strength, Nau "ay + B-D-F, = 85 490.6% 275 +500» 500 «14 1,079 10°+ 3,500 = 10°= 4579 «10° Ubimate flexural strength of column = , Neng ~(084-5,-D4 0128: D+) +| 5 a = (08~ 34906 «75 500 +012» 500 50? 14) x 5792105 =1750%0% 4579 «103 -1400%10° = (161.8 10+ 210% 10%) x 0.889 =330% 10am Were, = Total rose eto rs of eile reinforcing br ~3 4906 ma? “Therefore, she frceat lite esa tenth, One(Chapter 3. Rett Desig of Members and Fans Ma nage enters = 2330» 108 22830505 = 264 <10°N (6) Utimate shear strength of column du to shear reinforcement 0.53p 0818+) QF Srayvode TO8NPws Ay +0170} BF (41-21 Send Where, im Tensile enforcement ati in% 9p 2100_ 33990.6.100 “(e:2)— (Go0~500) ~ ‘p= Sheer enforcement aio 0. area of shear reinforcement and = te spacing) Far 90% hook, shear senfocement ratio= 05 p= 0.5 0.00208 = 0.00, 1" Yield strength of shear reinforcing bar = 275 Nima? = Axil ses in column M 225.30, (tos My creck fH =25230, (Los At<30] $3, ey (00105002 EI os (GRTOTTAH]v07)80x08-50 = 345.6 10°N) So, shear strength of boundary clam, = minimum of 0 ad... 264% 10° (© Ditet shear suength of column 12. bd Where, Kau = OH 05248 ~24 040 ona! star an 2 conmony nse) Now check ctocaleulate xWhere, ‘p= Column main cba aio Ae 4908%8 90157 “D750 5 Yield tenth of main rebar of column -275 Ninn? (= Axil stres of clam 50-008 BD so0s00 ‘Therefore, Be 8+ = 00157 275 +70= 11.31Ninw, which greater tan 0.66 Fy (9.24 Nine) S0,%= 066: F.,=9.24 Ninn? Ani, (Q.~ Kes to-B-D. = 0.40 * 9.24 » 500 x 500 =924 » 10°N > Q. [80 direst shear sregth of column will not gover) 2 2.08 fm (4 Shear strength of shear wa (@) Shear sweng of manolhic shear wal with boundary column i exculated as follows 0.053 p09 118 + F MIQ-D+0.12 Check appliaity of is eatin: 1m case deal anasis detection ah (4) may be eomsidered ss te (ight of shear wa2) Now, check for Ma Swe ora 3000 _gasero, (102M = =025<10, (10344330) M Minimum vate ot 24 In equation +5," Bqunalen width of sear wall DA_160%5500+ 5005002 T 500 11 =Total wall length = 6000+ 500 ~ 6500 man ‘Pe= Equivalent tensile reinforcement ratio in % 123% pate mass 1049068 E3350 ~0.286% le= Equialent lateral reinforcement ati in % 6(Chapter 3. Ret Desig of Members nd Framer = tes ‘a,~ Are of horizontal reinforcement in shear wall : 4 Spacing of horizontal reinforcement in shear wall, ee 24502 Now, Fae @y 7557123" 3400=1.261, 21750000, 1236300 53 Now <8 Ninn? ~ Distance bamoen centroid of tension and compression forces = 0.8 «! 80, Opy=(0058%0280% 23, ABATE + 0.12.53) «212.3«0.8% BEI gas Fjo01-253}2022.08650 (1.28 + 0954+ 0253) « 1103960 =2,045 «10° () Shear strength ofin-flled wall panel only Stength of infilledwallpane (,Q) i calculated as ere oen 05rye,)i yt Oui 3184 all enfercemeot ratio and yield sueagth ofthe wal reinforcing bar (Nina) = Concrete strength ofthe insalled wall panes (Nim) ‘o> 1'= Wall thickness and its span ofthe installed wal pane! (mm). 502 Taoxis0 For wall thickness ~ 1m and double ayer rebar Sram @150 in each detion pen de 0.0082 No i mat as gt = max (000 «400, H+. «0k 40) 160 5500 max (1.68, 74) 160» 5.500= 1531 <10°N ‘Wall seength including column strength, Qn+2- a Qe= 1531 10°42 «0.7 ~266 10a Retton tor onsen elton bility = 0.7 = 1901 10°, which s less than the stength of monolithic shear wall Qu= 2745 «10° ‘Therefore the capacity of shear wall = 1901 KN, Calculation of ladder type rebar or spiral rebar not shown here, Section 3.5.2 (8) maybe followed for caleuation,‘Coupe 3._Rewot Desig of Members nd Frames (© Design of pst netaled anchor (Rafer to Section 88.9) ‘According to file mode infill wall panel will flat connection with upper eam. So require umber of anchor Bot for upper bear have to be caleulated considering strength of wall panel ony ‘Shear stength 0° bonded anchor, gm 180 i supposed for strength calelaton at upper and lower ‘beam, Same spacing it generally provided a column. ‘Considering 19mm bot capacity ofeach anchor bol wil be minimum of following two calculations, Seng of anchor material, Qa = 07 wa, ~0.7 = 400 2834 =79,348N (Refer to see 3.5) 4 flay a = 0.4 17580R8 «280, So, capacity of each anchor ol is, 0. 56.2 KN anchor bolts provided @ 150 mm thea total no of anchor bolt for upper beam ‘Strenge t conection, (Q4= Number of anchor * ‘Bearing pressure stengh of concrete, Oy 6222 N (Equation 3.9.49) 3. Gitetines s 35 «562 =1,968KN> ,0,.=1531KN 133. STEEL FRAMED BRACE, 334, Outline Faure modes of sel Famed brace shal be vauaod wikrespet to arent and duty. Wis ual) provide ste frame at perimeter with brace. Slenderess rato of tcl brace i conte. Detail of shear Jay each sx post inset anchor ad esd stud stall be studied. Indiect connection is used with non-vink grout mortar asa sada method. Following fire modes of ste! framed brace are considered as shown Figure 3.3.1. Conection fire is not recommended because of ts brite nature, a = = “DATE= Gira againe Omens (areudtae an si a : (@) Yield of trace wth she Figere33.1. General Behavior of Stel Framed Brace ow Mant resin den fer Ene) ‘het adit fom ence rent CMRP “6(Chapter. Rewot Desig of Members nd Frames {noted that lure mote of (f) Yield of bracing wit sexe fire of cofunas i occurred in case of ‘weak column as shown inthe stuctral experiment by CNCRP 2013. This a very bite ulre wth low ductility. Storey deftetion ange at this failure is evaluated as approximately 1330 in Japan but cording othe same strutural experiment by CNCRP this was approximately 1/200, erate of lender size of columns. (Refer to Supplement 2. 332 Target Performance As sed in te Seton 347 of te. Guilin, resistance wytem of sed Tanned brace B ategoeaT om type 1 10 ype 4 a8 shown in Table 34.21 of the J. Guideines. Ducility index of structures, crengihened with tel raed bace i showin in ae 3.4.22 ofthe J. Gude. 1) Plexural RC column or sea flue RC cola, dutty index, 1.5 F = 2.0 ‘Incase of low strength concrete of RC fame, F= 1.5 2) Direct shear and connection flue dominant, deli index, Fis 1.0 53) Fleur yielding of RC frame, and rotation, refer tothe Table ofthe}. Guidlines. __| ‘Table 34.21 and Table 3.4.22 from the translated J. Guidelines, version 2011 shows failure mechanism of structure and Duetility index of rere reptively, Table33.1 Failure Mechanisms of Structure Strengthened wit Stel Frame (Rel Table 3.4.2.1 the J. Guidlines Fluemeciunion rising RC fame Stel fame Connestion Tel [Fiera ~Seenatieng wih wed Wore Seen sed deity | ile of rac: Vieing or bicling feovnat celues oe ofbrace (fireat sel taco | beams Strengthening wih se ‘rae pan). Shear flr of| pane Shr ylding of | coms Beare loreal lingo Gangs [pet] "Diet earftre Neier sing nor boc | Ser lp Seng dominant | of tension clus ‘aire Great esnaeccn) | and sear flr of compression columns Die sear feof beam) Teel re file ‘eter yiling ao bocing | Noles Duetitydominat | fling of sin ‘clea Compressive Sire of compression clara Type | Exeenely bi re | Scghenng wih sed Notiive Strength dominant | of ote rac: Veg beckling bce = Suenatheig with ts dl: Shor yeling of prod r Dera eldingofange [Not Type I is Nexual fire of whole stucture srengbened with tel frame 6(Chapter 3. Revo Desi of Members a Frames ‘Table332 Ductile Index of Structures Strengthened wth Ste Famed Brace (Ref 3.42-2the J. Guidelines) Failure Failure pe of RC Fame ‘Duct index, F value ye leva clu efexal team dominant, {laste valu of RC fame 20, ‘pet |Shearcolumn or ahear beam dominst Fa fae re = Fv o RC Incase ofQus/ Qu. F= 15 Typett_ | Diet star acomection far domizant | F—10 ~ Simp ane wo beans ing tote ‘weaghcnet mente F= 20 Tate ying oR Game dines |e s/s LIF 1S ‘ret | (Ccy gamed yeast |e crag! nee, Fl be neta Casie comeing ethene a ‘Soins wh te Sanded 0.250) he Sdn “DpelV | Bxrenety ite orn dominant F=10 Simple ame without beams Faming nie semthond member F=20 Inemeof 7202 c11,Fa15 -e.) cae, Ba, (ode ‘oer | Romion tact ne eae Geni, #30 Goce = Wen ink hes nr toga are faing ino he strengthened menbe, stall ‘ees onsiering the infncs i scorns th te Sani (6.236) Gi ofthe Sunde. Whee, (Our: Stengh governed by buckling or tensile yielding of brace (Quy: Stength govered by direct shear and conection capacity ‘Quy: Stent of ttl exural yielding (Capacity governed by the aru of longinal bars in column) Qn : Smensth of rotation 1 Seethe provisions in the seston of uli wal ofthe Standard aChap}. Reo Desig of Members and Frames 333 Design of Stel Framed Brace 1) Shear strength ‘Sher strength of to braced ame is clelated a oll. Qu tt. 0) (Commentary.34S-1) tel ssn Where: One Shear swength of «fame brace at brace yield ‘y= Shear srength of rmed brace at connection fre (2) Shear strength of «framed brace a brace yleld (On) ‘Shear sength of to! famed brace is clelated as shown in Figure 3.3.2 On = Ore Oo Qe * Or Ox =feAv-cos® (horizontal component of compressive stent) G-P Aced Goren cop ttn ag js - all SZS 4. iF If : Figure 3.32 Resistance Mechanism of Stel Framed Brace Soo “Hn oferta reg fara” JCA pa) Where; ‘da Seton are of racing member, festive section area is used incase of bling connection run’) (Qn. wtiate shear strength of column at compression and teil side respectively (N) 7: Standard strength of tel (Yield strength, Nin!) Jo: Limit compressive sess (Nin), calculated lows, So= (IM04 QUAP}-F for 2A ‘The J. ulelins (3.4.5-1) fo OSPIQIN for A> A Where: So. = Limit compressive sues (Nim ‘A= Uiisinnan (1 E}058) A= Sleaderness rato P= Specified strength of sel (N/mm). B= Young's modulus of see! (ma?) Nat: 1) Above “Aspect rai wil lo be expressed by "Slenderes rato”. Slendarnes ati is expressed by effective buckling lena radius of gyration of meer. 46ot Rew Design f Members and Frames 2)"F value” wil be speifed ye strength of stel Nina), | 3) Compressive stengih is caleulated by F (Nim!) male’ by section aca (mu) of a compressive member Be 4 incase of P= 3458 A wie OSE 5) Radius of gyration, refer to related design formula ora able of ructual steel members. Equation (2.451) ofthe Guidelines is shown by Figure 3.3.3 in ease matevil F = 34SNinn? (ASTM A572) 89 fortyos Qin | oS SERB EES nitcompreive ses, fi a 0 Figure 33.3. Limit Compresive Stes of Stel Bracing ty Japanese Guidelines (ote Thee f Ele ate aching res isthe bait and ane Doe 6 ied se) mF gpa by aprobote eve cnieng tl srg asl cenit and rei ree) (©) Shear strength ofa frame brace at connection fallure (Qs) Qy= e+ 07+ Or (xp. 3.45-1) ther cine Where: 0: Direct shear strength of column a tes side (Q Shear strength at connection, and smaller value of pst installed anchor an headed stud. ‘Shear strength ofa studi eakulte follows, 4 0.64 oa, Where: na! Tensile strength of stud, ands not more han SOON tat ‘3: Section area of td (mim!) Headed stud of diameter 16oum and 19mm were tested inthe J. Guidelines. Tensile strength sall be tested where wed. Same itera of post installed chor td the headed stud wil be used fr the design “Chapter3_ Revolt Deson of Meer and Frames 2) Structural detail, 8) Senderness ratio of steel brace shall nt be more than 8 nprincipe. ‘Minimum size of tee brace member shouldbe H-150 (height) * 150 (id) *7 (web) *10(Nange) or equivalent stiffeess members. ©) Morar connection ara for ts! frame shall follow, (Bond anchor with diameter 1mm, or expansion anchor with diameter 16mm with teva of not ‘more than 250mm stall be used. (i) Headed stud with axis diameter of I6mam or 20mm shall be used, and intercal shall be not more han 250mm. Gi) Laptangth of nc an ded st hl be more ttn half echor length nd hded st. (Gv) Strength of pressure grout mora shall be nos less than 30N/ma (9 Retr with not less than 04% for sprit prevention at mortar connection area s suggested, 334 Example Caleulaton of Stel Framed Brace (1) Design condition (Member dimension) Spantength 1 ~ 6000mm Clear span :1~5,800mm Story eight :11~3,000 (Clear eight: A= 2,500mm Beam: bxD-~ 300mm * SO0mm Column: BxD= 500mm » 00mm Clear dimension (gap) between sto and RC member, 150mm Existing anil fre on eah column, N =17SOKN (Material) Seng of existing concrete: op = LN? ‘Young's modulus: = 17,880Nina? Yield sreagh of existing re-bar:05"275Nimm! Yield stenphofte:F= 348 ma asm asa Design sung of pressed grout mary 30N'nn? Tensile tengh of Sd: = 400NAn ‘Yield strength of anchor rebar: .0,= 400N/mm! (Assumed section) ‘Stel brace: C-200 «10010 (2-100 » 100» 10) Frame: C-200* 100» 10 or 21-100 100» 10) ‘A member for bckling prevention: C-200 100 10 (ee 24-100 10010) €) Strength of exiting column Section detail refer othe example calculation at See. 3.24 (@) Shear fore of column decided from ulimate flexural strength M2 M, = (08-4, D-H ITH- DPR) (es MY / Say =04B- DF) = 390 6 10N One” 2 Mg =264 «108 (@) Shear sents [ary ect 85 [es Goy +0. i} ‘ ‘M(Q-d)+0.12 (6 Direct shear stents Ue Kar “D (040 » 9.24 $00 500= 924 1ON(Chapter 3. Ree Design of Members nd Frames (@) Strength eaealaon of brace (@) Section, aren 3,800mn, radius of gyration i= 802 my, jy ~304 mum (0) Buckling lng, he =3,720 mm, (buckling length of brace for out-of plane diction, 860 mm (ength in-plane direction is reduced to haf by providing buckling prevention member at center postin) (6 Slendernes rio, 2," yl = 463 <58, ‘= ls, 61.1 >= $8 This wl be acceptable, since Uy is reduced more considering in plane direction of gstt plate. (Limit stendersess ratio, suppose yield strength of sel F~ 345Nimm, (ASTM-A-S72) face et aacaoeal aw (EE ~ [eeotio oes Teese” VO6a345 () Compressive strength Ne= for A ough 292» 3800~ 1,109 10'N ie st? | sau 2 0433) 0.347 «345-2928 (f Tensite srength, Ny =F Ay = 345 * 3, 800 * 0.8 = 1, O48 = 1ON Etetive rca assumed tobe 80% of fil area considering bolt hole. (@ Loud caring capacity of brace, horizontal component of axial strength of sel ace i caleulated_ Incintion of sel braces 42.3 degrees. Q.= (NN) cas 10, (1,109 1,048) 10°» 0739 = 1,598 « 10°N (@) Average shear stzes at mortar conneion,r=,0,/Ay™ 1598 104 (200 5,00) =1.45Niam? {Strength of sol famed brace On) Qn s= (fsa bce) + Qe column) + Q(Fgh column) = 1595 « 101+ 2 x 264 x 10 = 2,123 oN (4 Strength of ame at fire of headed stud (Qu) Design foes, 0, 1S95KN, assume 2 « plémm@150mm ( Qe 0.68 Gu, = 064 * 400 201 = $1.AKN no Qh 36rom9 = $1.42 = 3,7008N Assume 2 gl2mmasomm (Qu.= 289KN, O, =2080KN Qn: Qy (Seng at joint) + (iret shea) + Q, (Shea (6) Strength of ame at fllure of bonded anchor (Qu) Refer to section .5 forthe notation of pos insted ane. (@) Shear stengh of one anchor (9mm anchor) 45) 0.7 46,280 <294Nin? p= 027 a= THN (6) Strength of chor 0mm) 13mm) 080 + 924% 268 = 32658 AVTTSRORIA = 198Nm? <294Nmm! -=35 «56 ~ 1960 2 w= Ou * Qe Qe = 1960 924264 148 aN a‘Chapter. Reto Desig of Members nd Fees capacity of steel framed brace Minizmum of (01 =2123KN, Ona =3.2486N, (Qu 31484) ie Qu=21238N (7 Evaluation ef Duty Tuten Resistance type ofthe steal famed brace is type I ofthe Table 3.3.1. Whichever smaller value of One and Qn is sited as the strength decided by the connection with diet she ofcohmn and ie used a Qnsfor te Table 33.2 (Qys0t Oni)! Qn) = 3148/2123 = 148 >11, Column i evaluated as flexural ‘column. Then etimsted dutty index of sel Famed brace isF = 2.0 frm he Table 3.3.2. It is noted tha the ductility index of RC columas without stel framed brace is estimated as 1.27 separately. Refer fo supplement A3, for ND F. (axial force rao, 0.5 in thiscae) ofa column and the ductility index. 3.4 COLUMN JACKETING B41 RC Jacketing 1G) Flexural strength of RC jacketed column, {@ Incase of upgrading strength Flexaral strength of RC jacketed cohimas to improve thir flexral strength shall be cakulated by the following equation. When, New 2N> 04: by:Ds- Foy by -0y:2-an-eyn-4 +012 De Fa) fa sai When 0.4» by Dy Fy 2N20 My =o, ay -gt03-0y 8:4 05-N-D, 0.342) TheJ. Ouidelines Ny 2, Wrere £ =Distace between tensile and compressive longitudinal reinforcement of exiting columa (a). ‘=a for acketng part ofthe clu (ni), 122 =Cross sectional area of esl enforcement inthe jacketng part of column. j2= Veld strength oftesile reinforcement inthe jacketing part of column (Nan). by = Width ef column ater ackting (um) ‘Dy =Depth column ae jackting (nm). ‘Nau Axial compressive stength = 20+ a0: 2+ by Ds- Fe = Compresive strength of existing concrete (Nm). In this manual avenge strength per section area of existing and new concrete Fags ty be wed instead of Fa 5ner3._ Rett Design of Moke nd Frames Figure 34.1. Secton of Colum a Retrofit (Ref: Fig. 3342"The J. uideine) [Above equation 6 the development of equation (AL1-1) of the“. Stndard”. The introduction wih ‘theoretical assumption shown inthe Supplement AS, Shear free of eolumn decied fom Nexural strength is, Dav 2 Mlb Where, hy = clear beight of elu, (2) Shear strength of RC jacketed column Following equation is wsed to calculate shear strength of column reofited by RC jacketng. This ‘sustion was derived from experimental sts. 0053p? (Ea 48) = od} 042 +085 [p00 +a qs +01 408-0, THe dines G34) M Mpa be range of 1.01930 Od Whee: Pe “Tensile reinforcement rato calculated by using the increased cross section of jacketed column (9, pe ~ Shear reinforcenent ati of the existing column calculated bythe increased cross setion of jacketed column (dein. Pay = Shear reinforcement rio ofthe ockting column calculated by the increased erss section of jacketed eau Gov, ptf bal be 0.012 itis more than 0.012. ra) = Veld strength of sear reinforcement in the existing column (Nim), Go = Yield srength of shear reinforcement in the ackting column (N/a. d,_~ Bective depth ofthe retrofited column (ra), ‘MQ = It stall be obtained by deed calelation refering to the section 3.2.2 (2) of thestandard (@) Reduction factor fn case of low strength conret, for information only “This reduction factor is used forthe evaluation of low strength coerts, and i shown for irformation. cy. In ease that concrete strength F. (or pin Figure 3.4.1) i lower than 13.SNimm? and above 9.0Nima, following reduction factor (by Prof. Yamamoto's proposal) shall be multiplied’ for the valuation of shear stent K,= 0.056 oy 0246 ean Where, op™ concrete strength (Nim) AACope Reco Design of Members and Frames Poynter 135 ipeiment Caled pees ee Conerte Sregth oim aes gan eon t,o Cry Po Mie Cae ev 8.7 J 2018 Figure 34.2 "Reduction Factor of Shear Strength in cate af Uw Strength Concrete 342. sample Calculation of Colnn dacheting Orginal section: 2 D=300mm « 300mm, Compressive strength of original concrete F. = 13.98? Main 4-020 ie 10mm @ 250m ial Fore, N= 30KN ‘(lear height) = 2,$00m ‘eld strength of main rebar, =275 MPa Alter jacking: 2By- Dz ~ 500mm SOOm, ‘Concrete = 25Nim, Rebar, f, = 400N me, Main 8-0 6mm, Tre 1mm @125mm = Weighed average ofconcete strength of od and new concrete 13.$5300%3004 25«(500%S00 300300) 00% 500, Axial force tia, 0* Nob DF og =2086 Ninn? 310 107 (00 » 500 » 20.8 Flexural ength, My Oy 840° Oyn By +05-N-D, be B14 275 88 +3201 400% 384 +0.55:730%1000500{1——780%1000__” ) 500% 500% 2086, = 324 «10+ 926 x 10+ 1570» 108 82 « 10°‘Chup 3._Rerote Design of Members and Frames “Untimate Shear Seengt fr Sexural moment, Qu "2 Me =2%280 «108/2,500 = 225.64N Shear sengh, i. f 053: p-(Fug +18) _y) +085 JP, Pos Sas +O MNQ-d,)+0.12 Mh, 2500 Me Mahe 2300 5.3 50, Od, d,~ 500 Od, 2014100, = 0.24% (Previous r-bar ignored) Pe. s00%500 22306 22785 2306 00084 aod yn 0.00251 Pur" so0x205 “COMM A Poe = 5003125 - 10.4023 ASHE Fe 275 + 000300 x 400) + 21% 7301000} 9 g. 90500, ge femena 2 2M on TS 0 (0.475 +0.483 +0292) «08 500 500 ‘= SRDAN> 28.6 = O= Quy = 225.61 Dstt inde, laste dit angle i ealevlted by follow Upper imi, Raw Ranr= i (Raa) « Raa) Rae) Ree) ec (h)} The. Sard (A125) », 010° i =0.14-<0.25 TDF, oxsoox2036) 80, e025 and 0. and a(n) = 130 (= 0.033) ustion, refer to supplement AA ” Qa 25.6100 D” $002500 0.902 2902 4.433 x0, = sos Ban) 0902 Ninn? 5003500 sid 25mm nm =78<8 0, cow ()=190 14D~2800mS00mm =3> 20" 20,8) 180 =024%6< 1.0% (tatoo (322 1a)e tn ty -19(S2-niecheoons cy ono ot inde, F refer o supplement AS, 35ReobeDetig of Membr and Fame PRLIR,- Tred. Standard (15) a a/R 075-0058, 78] ps 075x{1+005%!5% 35 Note) Evaluation of column ony, Infueace of brick standing wall and beam column joint is not considered, 3A3_ Evaluation of Column Strength Following cases wil be incorporate fr retrofit design to evaluate letural strength of existing eolumn, incase of level screening, supposing column collapse 1) Phin ein-bar tis suggested to duce 20% of flexural strength of column tentatively, in cue of pin main-bar and low strength conte (F, <13.SNimm), of which bond stress slow, Refer to Supplement 2, 2) Shor anchor length of beam rsin-ba t exter column 1 short anchor lng of bear main-bar a an enteral column i found tobe ert, i is euggeted to reduce 25% and max. 50% (for sll depth column suchas 250mm) of flexural suength of oluma by 2" level sereening MS POST INSTALLED ANCHOR 381 General [Postinsalled anchors are comecting materials between existing RC frames and newly tntald) strengthening members o that smooth transfer ofthe fore canbe made. Anchors are set and fixed ater he ling of holes on existing frames. There ae vo types of post ntalled anchor, expansion anchor a a metal ype and bonded anchor as an adhesive type. In case of design of post installed anchor, suitable anchor sll be selected with respect to strength, stiffness, ductility and workability (2 Postinsalled anchors are devised to smoothly transfer force between surfaces comectng exiting coneret frames ant newly established infilling members for srenghening. For example, as shown inthe cxample of use given in Figure 351, the anchor body or one end af the anchor ba i established by ied inthe exiting concrete frame, andthe other end is connected to the ining strengthening ‘member. Exige ame tite esr oa Pansice ome 56e3._ Roof Design of Members md Frames Figure35.1. Example of Us of Post-Intalled Anchors Sue ee 33.1 the lene ‘Tere aretwo types of anchor ax shown in Figure 3.5.2. Mote shall follow related standadlcode, ees cea, (ataretecagb) MMe ue rig a) () Bepanson anchor () Bonded anchor Figure 352. Detailed Example of Us of Post-Installed Anchors, and Names of Parts Sure Pig 39 12efthed Guane (2) Terminology, rf othe Seton 39.1 ofthe Guidelines Postinaled anchor Resistance mechani strength Design strength ‘Coneshaped fare Ses! member allure Bond fare ‘general tem fra onset method of perfrting existing conn order ‘min shear walls or wing walls ec, embed anchor bro anchor bods Peseta snchors wih anchor bars fed io place and adhesive capsules, isle in porated prs of existing conc. Postinsalled anor Selby means of resstance mechanism between coer ‘ad anchr by cat in prs wher exising ener as bee peed. Peston of conecon wih ining walls evlyeublsbed ox exising concrete ‘esteegtening tern of eel stengbening fms Etishent fcr in exiting conse Indetes base perormane of anchor, earings member sung of body tnd connection bast expasion anchors, and > steel member stength and sdbesve perfomance in bonded anchors “Anchor resistance stengh wien tensile fre or Ser force bas at in the echo, ‘The sail suegt out of material seeagh and sistance mechanism strength ‘slut on the basi of iter beng Cone shaped fibre of cone i concate ile male when tee fice has ‘seine ache Fail of ste meer such thea ody, couecton bars or anchor bs, ‘inthe sel meme fare mode when ene oro rset oc as tie acho Flue of prt boded with anchor bus and conse ia the fale mode of dd pars when tease face has acted inthe adhesive anor. Bearing presere flare: Conc file mode when hae face ha ated ia he ach, and is cove Pick Gauge ag distance ed distance ‘ur by bearing ress of anchor. ‘Sard ital even anos ia parle rangement Interval betwoe ines of echo. Dimesione fom core of acho o conte end in perpen dein of ating ts. inensions om core of chr to cence edi dition of cing ses etve embedding depth: Eee fae length incor periaion prs fac. Enmbedog depth Depth of embedding anchor ino prfaion ps, ad length om welding tase seta sre to eo exquson prt of ach body oe anchor bar aChapar3._Ravoft Design of Member and Frames 352. Design of PostInstalled Anshor (Shear resistance tpe oF ele essance Wpe H wed as postinvaled anchors, Srensh or wachor raterial and strength of anchored concrete are calulted to davide design capacity of postinstalled anchors for shear or tensile fre, Then smaller vali i the capacity of posited anchor against shear or tes fore (2) Shear capacity Q, ‘The shear capacity Q, is defined us the capacity resisted by a sige anchor atthe concrete interface. Shear capacity shall be the smaller value of Q and Qu, wich ae determined by sel strength and bearing strength of concrete, respectively. (@) Expansion anchor incase of 4d, < 74, ‘he 1. Guidlines Q.-min(Q., Qa} 6947) Qu 07 Ga 09.48) Qs = O4E- 4,4, 6949) But + sa.) shal nt be greater than 294 Nm Shear capacity ofan anchor (N) (21 ~ Shear eapacity of an srchor determined by ste strength () (0.:~ Sher capacity of an anchor determined by bearing strength of concrete ‘on = Conpressive strength of existing concrete In gener, the strength shall be obiained by compresin et of sonorte core. foun’ modulus of existing concrete (N/mm). The tst value can be used when measured uring compression test. ny" Yield strength of expansion (mechanical) anchor (Nim!) 1, = yield suength of ba for bonded (chemical) anchor (Nim) .8e~ Cross section area of expansion anchor a concrete interface, or eros section area of bonded snchorage bat (nn) ‘> Shear stress at sength ofan anchor (N) 58hagter3._ Retrofit Design of Members nd Frames ‘> Bond sts at strength of bonded anchor aguns pull-out force (Nima) 15~ Basic bond ares at strength of bonded anchor (Nim) 1.= Effective embedent length of an anchor (nim) d= Diameter of anchor; nominal diameter of anchorage bar for bonded anchor or dameter of sleeve ‘of expansive anchor (ma) F,~ Specified compressive strength of existing concrete (Nima) (2) Tensile capacity 7, ‘The tensile capacity T, is defined asthe capacity resisted by a single anchor atthe conctte irae. ‘easile capacity of expansion anchor shal be the stall value of 7, and Ty, which we determined by stel strength and cone failure of enerte, respectively. In case of bonded anchor, ebeive strength Ta shall alo be estimated ad the smallest vale shall be wed. (@) Expansion anchor ‘et Gn Te=min (57a) 694-10) T= min (ws 20008 69411) Ty 2023/0, Ao 094.12) omnia — =10 fe = 1T,,~ Tensile capacity of an anchor determined by yielding of sel material () T.y=Tensle capacity ofan encor determined by concrete core fae (8) y= Tencilncapaity of an atchor determine hy ond file (M) 1 Effective embedment length of an anchor (rm) <4,= Diameter of anchor; nominal diameter of anchorage bar for bonded anchor or dameter of sleeve ‘of expansive anchor (am) ‘4, ~ flesive cos section area f traded ste bar, or nil xs eton sre of enctorage ba (i) ‘ay~ Cross section area of expansion anchor at coetete interface, or cross Seton area of bonded anchorage br (ni) Compressive tenth of existing concrete (Nims!) E,= Yong’s moduhis of existing concrete (Ninmn’) "eld tenth of expansion anchor (Nim?) 1, ~Specfed yield strength of sel bar (Nima) A-~Elfetive projected area of anchor a the surface with 4S degree of cone fire tm"). 50‘Chapter 3._Rerofe Desig of Member and Frames (@) Structural detail requirement (@) Where teil force ats, bonded anchor with effective length ot es than 10 hal be se, (0) Diameter of axcord, sal bein the range of 12mm 0 22mm {)Imerval shall be not be les than 7d and not exceed 300m. (Ladder type ce-ars or spiral eeber shal be provided around anchors to prevent split fre of Reinforerent rap, of adr type reinforcement or oes in the injected morta shall no bees than (0.494. The vale ofp is calculated by the folowing exuation, p=ahi-x) whee X, © Ineval of einfrcement om). 4, Cx sein ae of one set of reinforcement (mm) = Hpi of injected mora (mm). k nan ase one an TA Figure 35.3 An Example of Ladder Type Re Bar (4) Caleulation example ‘Example caleultion of shear capacity of bonded (chemical anchor, incase of 14N mm? and 18N mi coneretestengh is shown respectively in Table 3.5.1 ‘Table3.5.1 Shear Capacity of Bonded Anchor Scalar mcf] lease mee vs a} [Note 1) Effective embedent length ,= 7d. (Diamster ofan anchor. o,= 400N ma’ 2) Beam length is 5,s00mm forthe calculation of number of anchors.Chater}. Revo Design of Members an Frames 5) Minimum terval of archos 200m for 16tum dime, 45mm for 19mm, and 16S for 2mm diameter incase of IBN iu? conerete as shown in Adlon explanatory Table 1.2 of Section 3.0 ofthe J. Guideline. 4) In coe of low strength concrete (@.0Ninm? < ¢ <13.5Nmm’,redeton factor K (Equation 34.1) sl be appliod fr he capacity calculation Qy ofan anchor. 36 NON-STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS (ELEMENTS) 3461 General [Non-iractual eomponcus of buldings, such ab exienal Brick walls and partion Wick walls ar required to have the pertormance of 1) Reaconablestrngt tht ca resist aginst the ina force, 2) Reasoaubl deformity that can flow against the story deletion of structural fame [Above requirements arenecestary to prevent the drop and fall of rick wall void human casualty. [Non-structral components of bila, suchas external brick walls, windows and parton brick wall willbe damaged to some extent during an earthquake, but the drop and fill of brick walls shouldbe prevented. In this point, roi design of existing brick walls willbe considered, Retrofit of in-fled ‘bck wall i equted to consider both ou of plane and in-plane moverent ofthe wall, 1) Design seismic lond of non-structural components by BNBC “The strength is require against inertia fore for out of plane direction of rick wall Stang of bik ‘vals spsintinréa fre for out of plane direction wil depend on thickness length of brick wall, supporting condition structural frames, mortar brick strength, a. There io established metho for revo of brick wall. Retrofit using steel angle members connected to a brick wall and supported by structural fame may be ied. Other appropriate methods such 8s providing RC lintel wil alse be proposed where necessary. (@) BNBC2015, Chapter? Loads on Buildings and Structures, Section 2.5.15 Seismic design of nonstructural components 25.181 Component nprtance Factor 2.18.2 Component Factor Transfer 25.183 Seismic Design Force rey W ele Re lead) a.s7,BNBCIS) Where, 075 * ay: Wes bs SS 15 * ay: Woke = component amifieation fctor which varie rom 1.01025 Table 62.28 or 6.2.23). .24,= expected rina pak ground acceleration (in ) for design =0.67 «2 aChapt 3. Rete Dep of Members and Fans InDiaks, 0.67%020%1.38 (sil ype SD) = 0.18, 0.153 (sol ype SC) = weight of eomponere ‘R.~ component response reduction fctor which vates fon 1.0 to 120 (Table 62.22 or Table 6223), = height above she base ofthe point of etuchment ofthe component, bu shall not be taken les than O andthe vale 2h need nat 10 ‘n= root eight of strueme above the base For example, brick walls of ordinary building in Dhaka (sil SC), a top floor, seismic design focce 3 E. LO 018 «1.0% 3. =0.22, At ground flor, = 0.07, and intermediate i 3 W, iterpoaton. It seems that there is no clear requirement for the deformability of nonstructural ‘components, coettcient Fe. W, () BNBC 93 Chapter 2 Loads Section 2.88 Seismic Late Forces on Components and Equipment Supported by Stuetres 2.5.8. Lateral frees on Structural and non-structural Components, and Equipment Fe OWw 25:10, BNBC 93) Where: F = Total steal seismic ores ismic zone coefcint as given in Teble 62.22 —Dhska =0.15 {= Seismic Importance coefficient for components as given in uble 6223 (0: Esscatial acts, 1.5, LVL: Special and Standard eccupancy streture, 1.0) (C= Horizontal force Coefficient as specified in Seo 2.58.2 (oe rigid ype, Table 62.26, I Nonsrvtural components, 1 & 2, Exterior and interior ‘ornamentation and appendages, C= 2.0) W ~ Weight ofan element, component or piece of equipment Foran elvan Dil, Mel ei cots 21-015 «1.0 «20-090 ‘Load factor wil be considered for the dsian of nonstructural componcat 2) Tne belek wall (@) Out of plane direction of insiled brick wall, Reasonable strength of brick walls requied against seismic loud of ou of plane direction. An example ‘i shown in) of Figure 3.6.1. Incase of brick wall without any reinfrcement, brie walls required to ‘esis by self. Supposed flexural moment of brick walls shown in() of the Figure, Ifthe mora tensile or bond strength is high My and M,, will be the flexural moms of outa plane direction. Singe the ‘mortar tensile oe bond strength at supprtng point is low, flexural moment at cater portion of wal will increase as shown flexural moment Mand Mf these Mexural moments exced the flexiral strength of the wall, the collapse of brick walls for out of plane dection will occu. This Mj, and My ean be ‘leulated ffom the equivalent design chart of oor slab agxint vere! load, will be used for she ‘valuation purpose insted of Mand Ms. Brick wall with 125mm thickness wall wil be damaged fst. ‘compared with 250mm thickness oe(Chaper3._Revoft Deson of Menbers and Fames [ Be we a eran sant rte at a Figure 3.6. Inlled Brick Wall, Seismic Load and Flexural Moment ‘An example of retofitis to provide a steel angle member as shown in (1) of Figure 3.62. This angle ‘member connected to brick wall and ale connected othe celurma trough port installed anchors at both ends. Another method is 0 provide new RC lnl atthe top of brick wall as shown in @) of the Figure. Main rebar wil be comectd by lap joint at bth end to post installed anchor (rebar) to the column, tated cayenne (@) Reoitssing RC lie a he ‘Figure 3.62. An Example of Retrofit for Brick Standing Wall‘Comper _Reroft Deg of Member and Frames 4&) Deflection of brik walls the plane direction ‘The deformability is required agains in plane diction of brick wall to meet the deflection of structural frames, Brick walls are generly bite, but enough dat infrmation isnot avaiable. Schema: pietre ‘of shear deflection of brick stnding wal caused by defeton of frame in the plane dizetion is sown ia Figure 3.63. One proposed nethod of revi i 1 reduce the story detition (angle) by the strength ‘rieate ret of strocral fame. This wil reduce the possiblity of op and fll of brick wal Brick walle enfored to deform for in plane direction. According to 25.14 rif and Deformation of 'BNBC2015, the design storey drift (A) shall nt exceed the allowable drift (As), which is shown in the Table 62.21 Allowable Storey Drift Limit (Aa), Incase of typical RC fume, allowable storey cf init 5 0025 hs (he storey height below level x), which is L0 of storey height Inflled walls of new construction wil be required to have cern performance of deformability in the in plane distion. It ‘case of brick inSilled walls without any reinforcement, rik walls cannot deform up to thi level and willbe damaged heavily, Ifthe brick walls are damaged in plane, the strength sgainst ou of plane recon wil be reduced. This wil cause the flare and drop of rick walls othe ground “To prevent this type of file of brick walls it is recommended to prevent this ype of fail of brik walls, to increase sffaess and suength of RC fames of the existing buildings to reduce haizontl efletion by providing RC walls andor stel famed braces, ‘Sick wal shar defecton i lana caod byrne lection ars sippcoscracks Figure 363 Shear Defcon of rik Standing Wall Caused by Deed o Frame a Plane Dkston cfCote. Retose Design of Members me Frames Following Fire 36.4 the specimen aftr the experiment by CNCRP in 2012 end 2013 tis noted that the strength for out of plane direction willbe reduced afer the experience of deflection of in pane ents eee Noo wimg ete, ee Figure 6:4 Failure of Brick Walls fer the Loading Test of RC Frames, CNCRP 2012 and 2013 3) Support of M/E equipment Resrofitof ME equptent is required o consider both support of equipment and support of piping. (2) Support ofequipnent Horizontal design load of equipment willbe calculated by BNBC201S, Seton 2.5.15 Seismic design of Nonsnctral components Fipment i raged to prevent sliding end overtring against this horizontal design load Design force forthe design of anchor bolts (hang down bol) is shown in Figure 3.65 based on, “Guidelines forthe Design and Consrcton of Building Services 2008 writen a Japanese” by Building Center of Japan ‘Tensile force of anchor blti Ry =Ry “hy (the 1. sidelines er 8.10.) F, Fy, Fa oa) Sear sres of anchorbols =‘Chaper3._Retofe Design of Member and Frames Where, G : Center of ravity of mas of equipment (A1.1.201). Smniard)_W: Weight of equipment (kN) Ry: Tensile force of one numberof anchar bolt 12: Total numberof anchor bolts Total nunber af anchor bols at tease side Member design cf post installed anchor as anchor bolts (holding down bats) willbe done based on CChaper 3.5 Post tale schon. Anchor Uae Figure 3.65 Forces Acting on Equipment ‘Source: Buldng Center of Sean. “Guideline forthe Design and Contraction of Bldg Series 2005". in In case that anchor sls are nt suitable for retrofit, stoppers as shown in Figure 3.6.6 willbe sed instead EER SB ana eos (Stopper preventing horizontal sliding (2) Stopper preventing li Figure3.6.6 examples of Stopper Source: Bldng Comer of Jepan, “Guidelines forthe Dsign and Contraction of Building Series 2005", Japanese and overturningChapter 3. Rett Desig of Members and Frames (©) Piping Ini required to conrol steses and deflection of pipes and support spans seismic load shown in 'BNBC2015, Seton 25.15 Seismic design of Nor-suctral components. Vertical piping and horizontal Piping are also required to provide suitable supporting to reduce excessive tess and deflection and can follow storey deflection of fumes. An example of suppor for horizontal and vertical pies is shown in Figure 3.67, tite : ns) Pin 2) (1 An example of support for horizontal piping (2) An example of supor for vertical piping Figure 36.7 Seismic Support for Piping Source: uldng Center of apo, "Gui forthe Design an Corti of Bung Services 208°, in Lepore oCHAPTER 4. FXAMPLES OF RETROFIT DESIGN OF BUILDINGS 4.1_CASE 1: RETROFIT DESIGN OF A S STOREY OFFICES BUILDING IN DHAKA “This retrofit design ofan office building as exercise was done by CNCRP. The summary of the rerofit design is shown below. The building is a 5 storey office builtin. The bulking was not designed properly aginst earthquake load, Thre are no grade beams. Seismic performance was low a per result of feismi evaluation “Characterstis ofthe building: Some ofthe important characters ofthe building are given below: 1) Typical office building with frame structure constructed in 1985, 2) No earthquake resisting design was performed. 53) No grade beams exist. 4) Low strength concrete was used (1) Outtine oF butaing [ tinge sees oereeroeeeesorerrreer| ome mang Number ofr Bulg eit 135 Stal ype RC. Famed Seo Foundation pe ‘Shallow Foundation Duiging ares atm Total oe ae 16 9 ‘Year of design 1985 Yea of constuction 1983 Gooner Figure 4.1 Typical Plan of Biting Buling |@) Site earvey:H was somdicted 1a get information of inns material strength (hy core euting and teting), foundition type (by excavation), locaton of brick wall and other important informstion regarding the seuture.Chapter 4. Examples of Refit Design of Buiings Summary of Findings (93 Nima (pa) (Dan Seg Pe =I3 Tips) 275 Nim (sp) P00 (as per seas dnwing) "Tere ead ean wel “There ar 125mm 50m ail ck wali ame Tow Seog Conte (13 SNinm?)cenat [Low Seng Const (©) Exioing design drawings: If architectural and sical drawings te avaiable, the assessment becomes relatively easy. Otberwis, as-built drang needs tobe prepared. When dawings ace avaiable they ned tobe veriied before start of the work. xiueeofsrucnra den == Stata awings wee alate Howie no eavingVarcitual desi ings | architec dawings were sviable. Soa il ches dnwings were pared ‘Coaniernesie incase of mon waiably oF | Stal dvings were avi sae srl design dreings. @) Application: Strength of concrete infuence the behavior of structs, When the strength is low t needs special ateation Tens Fading Balding, wit minimum seagh of ence of | Conese argh lghly oe he minimum 9.0 re sige refit eure a ‘Techical Mana fr Seismi Evalunon and CodeStandard flowed ‘Simic Revit of Existing Reinet (Conte Bling, 2001 spans Sind) [Sipspssion any ach spat obese wal | Not Considered. (6) Performance of existing bullding: This able wil indicat the characteristis ofthe buildings which will inftence the building performance during earthuake Fo example, if the buildings do not have sty grade beam the fre height willbe more which wil allow more drift apd hence influence the selmi bohavirof the building. Nopaie bam Dear at erste present Roof = 6 3KNin, Typ sab =108 Ni Tonal bling weight 1R6oTN ‘erie None [si ps bys eg ——[ oe 70Chapterd_Eanple of Revo Desig of Bui (8) Result of sebmie « jnton: Seismic evaluation is dove foreach majoedtetion and fr each Moor ofa building (hown in Table 4.1.1. The propasd I is 0.3 for buldngs located at Dhaka based on soil ype SC of BNBC 2015. ‘Cumulative steagh index Cy ensures the safety against the total collapee ofthe struct, which is selected as 0.15 fr buildings in Dhaka The Fst tbl blow inicatas that at lower evel is lower than 103 up to-4 fer for Xiretion and 3 Noor fr ¥ direction, Also CySpi blow required evel at I" and 2" storey fr Xdiecton It is needed to take arto plan hat wil ensure a0 and Cx83* 015, in ach evel and each direction, Proposed seismic demand index of struct, fe Stare X diet Yeas Te a ms Tas Seq Tos) [05 od os [as | Table 4.1 Result of Seismic Evaluation Siwey | eon Y dieion| 1. oS 1 ee ei ck 0438 tai 1075 4 4 [000s 07 086 ous 3 fore bse 46s 0386) 2 Yoon 0032 a268 0288 ee a ere (6 Oatine of rerofiting (4) Rewoft plar ‘Cando 1 coset plan Impact 1 building fine. ung operation eration pt, vention ce ‘nim disurane fi uc and tion was piaoned. So, nsron of hear wal as considered. As there was no grade beam in the erin sre, dion of new grade beam is pecequnte be inserting sear wal Pace of her wall was och tat it wl nly replace the rick wal (Y dees Sex al) 1 case of X dretion inset of shea wal cn lina venltin and ging pole, ‘Cong fou oe aro aad be sak at lima regularity baling “The building bas 0 regula problem so Hi was ot considered, (8) Retrofit design: The bulding bebavior mainly depend on strength and duciliy. A revit design can improve strength or duty or both. Sometimes building performance i fected ue to the presence of ‘ereularty. By proving ieregularity the structural performance canbe improved. Component Type Dessipton ‘Sung vated desig ici oied Si Seng eine dai Tiprovenent of sacar eUATIATT ea sre (0) Calculation of Demank ‘Sai aa Wane wi be roe yang Sear sll Before retofiting scheme total demand of shear deficiency need tobe ealulated. A sample ealeultion ‘of demand at ground flor Xietion forthe building is as under: nCapers. Examples of Revo Desi of Bulings I= Ey Sot ~242 C.F. S07. Were C= 22 Considering nochange inthe system (F Sy) Resured shear capecity, 20 =(y~1)™W From Table 4.1.1 afer evaluation it was found that at OF level seismic index at X-iretion is ‘Toa bulding weight 1869 KN. So, sear requirement in X-rcton at GF = (03-008) * 1869 = 4673 KN, Altemative methods to find the bet solution forthe retoiing work is explored ere (@) Catulation of aternate method: ‘A} Column Jacketing: Strength Caleulation of Jacketed Column: Origa column Size 250750 Main rebar ~16- 20d and Tie= 10d @ 225 Fe Jackted par: Jaseted column ize 480 «950 ditional main ebar= 12-416, Hoop spacing = d10@150 F=25Mpa 62 400Mpa on srt = “sae = a Ds Depth of lum ater jckaing = 4s0mm,(Chote 4_ Examples of Reoit Design of Buildings ip. ~ 2850480 150,280) + 9.247804 280 a 8.1 950% 450 1000 So, its 1000 950 9450 «181 = 6314275150 + 4201 =400%350 + 0.5411151000%45) =379,.«10° Nem, ‘So, shear fore at lexurl sengt, dy =e AL ase R700 ‘iia hese sength oss, 2( +8) eye ‘Where, : = Tensile enforcement ati in % with respest to column ize after jacket $085 [5,0 Pay aq ONG OSD, xD, = fell 100-1 vevious rebar e201 100=0.18% [Previous rebar ignored ‘Shear reinforcement ati of existing clara = 5278S _oooiss Tso. 225 y= Shear enforcement ratio afer column jacksting = 22385 ooo 350x130 eck; P, + Pap =0.00186-+ 00011 =0.0030-<0.012 .5=275 Mp. M_ 2000/2 33353 oe ee 0053 0182(08.1+18), 59s (ESRTES TESORO SAO 40.1 !115%1000] op ase 0.413 + 0.899 + 0:260)«0.8% 450950, 1000 = 513TH Oo a(Chale 4 Examples of feo Design of Buildings Intl capacty of eolun at round floor in X-ecton is SORN, Aer column jacketing at sound fle level X-ircton one column wil take shear of 2527KN. Total shar requirement at round flor “Xeaiecton is 4673KN, Approximate no, of column need to be jacketed i 4673 | 252.7-80) = 23 Nos of column, considering ductility index, F= 1.0 B) Wing wal X-Diretion: Ground Floor ‘Strength Caleuasionof Wing Wal Original colar: Size= 280 «150 Tie= 104@ 25 8 = 9.2 Mpa 115 Mpa ‘Wing wall each part size=250 375, Additional main rebar =6- 16 Hoop spacing 4102150 et Figure 4.1.3. Plan of Column Wing Wall y= 25Mpa Load carping capacity af the column with wing wal as-is hl be snl value of shear fore at flexural strength Ong acd shear stength Ox indicate as fllows. Those equations ate used for the case ‘when two wing walls atached on bath sides of the column. Thus in case tat only one wing wal is tached tothe column, be contribution of wing wall in tension side shall be ignore, For details of wing wall Sec-3.2 of. guidelines i refered, Mali 4a646, 0 @ 1002: lenge My =(09+ A) ay-ay D+05N-D|1+26 60 | tsp0 Figure 14 Notation for Wing Walk Where = (120°) (1429). rand pissed {$= Reduction tae (~ 08 Note: 20% econ shows lowe lint of experimental es] '9,=Gross seston ars of longitudinal reinforcing bars of column inteston se (mt) 6 3hémn ”‘Chapter d_ Examples of Retrofit Designo Buin 6 = Vieldsueag of longitudinal reinforcing bars of column (Nn). 275 Nim 1 Ania fooeof column (8) 1158. Fy = Spestid design strength of concrete for wing wall (Nin) =25Nimm Wine, (~ Reduction aor (=08) > Spsfled design srenghof con for exiting secre ~9.2.Nimm*. MO {= Ds pane te enero the teil ein ar a eee ef win wat ‘mcomparen sie oe) =615:25050) =575em, ot Prt of hops ie elt retin he xing columns Ne). _aeTes 7780x225 For 90" hook, shrine to ~ 0 5p, ~ 05 «0511-0256 4275-0511 -Po-~ Product of lateral enforcement ao of installed wing wal and its yield tenth (Nm), 2x 250x100 * {= Wall hicknessofntalled wing wall (nun) = 250mm. ab=1 ie @(750)=250 So,a=0.33 B=LID =315050 =15 142033415 142515 Tartare, b= a, = 052950375 52 nos S27 418 = 757508 = S03, 4.7 250137580 =575 Pe 1000/(bd) 00 (6314 (373.125) (575) =0878 | Peet pe Bulb) + Aaa (Ub) 130 Te Bhasin 2 =218 [igre 4.1.5 Notation for Wing Wall 2 0256 aie“ Nbc *‘Chagerd of Rent Desin of Bul 111541000 373.5031 = 5.94 Wi bo Mod a were, hon The infleton beg deh cing wing wa 20318) + 280 1000, ‘The infection height fa stl be assumed based on the result of elastic or inelastic analysis. Incase of ‘non conducting last or istic analysis, the inflection height can be calulated a folews. Lae noo * (ho — hea) 9 124 (hy Ahy 2) 28 650 20, (1580s tae 2083 Where {E=Typical column span length -#650mm fe L~Toaal length of wing wal without eolum 750m ZA ‘ro = Inlection height han ‘ho Inflection beigh a column he y= Clear beight of column Figure 4.6 Total Height of Colume with Wing Wall = 3000 /h,= Total eight of wing wall 15250mm | val with column i woe] w | Par 4:7 Tol Det of aan th Wing Wat a ee wod~ Aes - A oass >2 : S0,MQd.=2 Figure 41.8. Elevation of Column 164. Examples of Refit any oes nae Gass] = MO86«10" + 139406108 143 -0476¢ (0465 + 17) = 605410 Nm. So, shear force at fexral tenth, 028 726.08x108 2488 Or * 68 os 2335kN, ‘iia shear seeath 0.083% 7,23 (r+ 00 8 [Pne Fay * oe} ele -on{ocasan e220) ona sansa} (o) =3786IN> Om [fer adding wing wall at ground looe X-iection one column with wing wall wil tke 233.5 KN of hear. Total cea rquiremnt a round Noo level at X direction is 4€73 IN which need t be sti by 4573/2335 $0) =26 Nos of wing wal, considering duct inde, F =1.0 Calculation of anchor bot wil be similar o that of hear wall insertion 0Chater 4. Examples of Retrofit Desien of Bilis (© Shear wall: T I | | | | | MG | | | | Figure 4.10, Section of RC Shear WallChapler 4 Exampes of eof Desin of Bulings ‘Shear strength of walls which ae connected wit exiting boundary fames by using connectors such as os installed anchors. It shall be calculated by using the following equations in consideration of the load carying mechanism atthe comes, wal pels and columns. Qa min{. O42 a-0..0.% 0.4 0-2.) Where: Qa ~ Shear strength of shar walls Qin = Shear seni fined shear panel only forthe pel part in clear high and wid) (Q Sum ofthe sear stengh of conecer underneath the beam. Qe= Direct shear strenght the top fa clu, (Q-= Smaller valu ofthe ter column betwen the sher fre at the yielding and shear strength ‘2 Redon factor in comvidration ofthe deletion condition o allow fr load bearing contbution of columns, (@™1incasof shear ilar of clues) 2Q'n™ max Pred. Fn +05p. 005) tel” Where ‘Be Wal reinforcement ratio 22785 BETS. ones 14> Yield strength ofthe wal reinforcing bar = 400 Nim a= Concrete strengh of the installed wall panels (Nim) =25 Nin” ‘Wall thickness =200mn, (Clear span of tle wall panel (mm). = 3600-250 = :350mm tigen sesnocnseathonre max (1.57, 2.035} 200 * 3350) = 1363.51, Diret shear strength of column 1. hes 6 be D t 034)(052+ ai 34/(052+13)-08 = Nibe-D 111000 7505250 on ate, 16314 AGSI 2754594 598 = 13302066 F, 80, = 066 R= 066 «9.2 072 Nin.Chapter $_Example: of Retrofit Design o Buildings 04» 6072" 750*250 45.4 KN, 38 yy, 200 ‘Capacity ofeach anchor 0, 04 Ee a, 0, =0.4 (350593 «3141000: ‘Number of (20mm bot, SRN (0, ~Sum ofthe shar strength of comectors underneath the bam Aon = Qyn= 45619 = 7I82KN ‘Utimate fexaral strength of exiting column 6) | Naw =X 8a, 0.0 +012b'R) | Naw = " i: ofp, aoe Ne =(150250 92 16314 ° 279/100 = 10664 1M -(oarseaiearseasora rsoascoay MGS UIS) 3106660 280 1X 2128010 me 85208 foci a 3000 2a tren {O85 1892) 995 (Oana eansaghts9x08%250 = (0.452+0.608+0.596)750+0 8-250 -250 KN So Shear strength of columa, 0. = 85.38N ‘Now for wall Qu =min (.Q4"* 249... 0; Qe a2.) min (19695 1250.7 RS3, 778244854407 ¥ RSA iin (148292, 129031) = 12903148, imate ecu strength of wall = 64 ty +05 Hla: Op) be 0 Me ‘a= Cros sectional aes of flexural reinforcing bars Ea = Verical enforcing bars in wal 2307S 1630 200 ‘= Vel strength ofthe ver reinforeng bars of verte! column, =275 Nim el strength ofthe vere reiaforcing bars in the walls = 400 Nina 1, =Distnce bawoen the centre ofthe boundary columns ofthe wall = 300mm, eyChapterd_ Examples cf Reto Desig of Buildings My 024 = 275 3600 +0 5 (2630400) «3600-05 L115 * 1000 3600, = 4974 1+ 1893 10° +2007 «10° = 9874 10° Nem = 7625 a= eM 8t4106 oe hee 6781000 163.84. [After ating sher yall at ground floor X-ietion one shear wall will ke 1163.8 XN of shear. Tot ‘shear requirement at ground flor levels 4675.05 kN, which ned tobe satisted by (467305 1163.8 250) = 4.4 nos. of shear wall, considering F=1.0, 1) Carbon finer wrapping: Carbon Fiber Wraps For detail of carbon Sbre wrapping e¢-3.3.6 of. Guidlines is refered. ‘Shear strength of elmn wrapped wi carbo fiber sh shall beealulted by following equation: (Qq = Urimate sear strength of eon nay o0s-1 ra +18). — |, MHQ-dyvo.12 Pw Siny * Puy 2 4 +01 Gp oF Conon (i) MQ‘ shallbe in the range of 1.01030 pereig* party shall ot be more than 9.8 Nim. 280 _p.=Tewile reinforcement rato = 82314310) ope 2505750 =100% fy-92 Ni! tol? 3000/2 MO 750 woa-s pu Sterrntrcement ratio existing oki axms ~ zasn759 FO po Shear reinforcement ratio of carbon fiber sheet. =2a. 750 0832 (Thickness of 2mm) WO 4 Tensile eng of tbo fiber shes fr shar devin, Fqwe 4.11 Pan of Carbon 2 Fer Wapeag min (05, 309) aChapter Examples of aot Bsgn of Bling When ‘B4~ Specified young’ modulus of earbon fiber = 230 <10°Nma ‘"Bietive strain of earn fiber sheet at shear flue (A value of 0.7% can be use, pied tensile strength of carbon iber sheet. = 3400 Nin’ av=min 230% 109007, 200) = min (1610, 2267} = 1610 Nina Now pe yt Ba 100186 «275 +0.0082 «1610 = 5.66 Ninn? <9.8 Nim = Axial compressive stress oe 7 esa o-fessstah e220 gus ona)nnten (0.46 +2:38 +059) (150 0.8250) S145 aN, Flex strengths SEN. 04 bor: =04 «250750492 = 690 KN 1, -biep ey os010% rll Mem | - hascaunarssan-o12970.280 x82) 3106-1115} 3106— 650} = 15537 «10082 128 «10°, 128x108 3000 85318, OnChaplerd_Exanpis of Rott Design of Bung Due to insertion ofall round grade beam, thersby reducing clear height, shear stength due 10 feral moment, Qu bave been increased fiom SOKN to 85.3 KN. For carbon fibre wraping shear strength have been increase from 250KN to S14.SEN which has no impact op overall increment stength ofthe stirs 1) Stee frame bracing: Stel Bracing: Figure 4.1412 Detail of Steel Frame Shear W Span L~ 360mm. Storey height = 300mm eet A = 3000 mm. Clear gap = 150mm (Between RC face & steel) Length of tel frame = 3600:250-1S0#2 = 3050 eight of tee frame = 3000-1502 ~ 2700, Existing conrete=9.2 Nim’ Rebar=275 Mpa (Nina) Stal 9, =345 Dp E.= 1.96% 10°Mpa = 2.06 «10° Mpa Non sink rou 6 = 30 Mpa, Tensile strength of stel cg = 400 Mpa Tensile tength bonded anchor = 400 Mpa, Stel Brace C- 260 130 «12 aChap 4_ Examples of Reo Desen of Bunge ‘Stel Frame = C-260°« 130% 12 ‘tinate strength (Cross setonal are of see A= 260% 12 (130- 12) 122 = 5952 mm Radius of gyration: — [aon 'Viaten en) [nose ie TOO 2601185238) = 101.36 mm, | 8) STRONG Ks x em Figure 4.1.13 Brace Section cyChapterd. Examples of Ratt Design of ulings . aero? bd ~ 38H =ohT ed 1 24130" s(260«127) 2603236 a ler )ilemees) | 3250130- 2365118) 2 tease eA - an, 371210, = 527mm, ‘Bucklieg lena Slender ratio Je d= 3100101 36= 3058 <8 {= y= 1580 42.70 3630<58 imikaspec rato _ |e _ [2000 Oar “V dexH =99.05> 3630. tit compressive sess = [LD4Q/A) =1-04363099 05) 345 = 3265 Nin. Compresive & teil strength of brace Neve, A=3265 » $952 1000= 1963. 34N, =P * 08-345» $952 08 1000 16128 RN. ‘Uitmatestength of brace 04> NeW) eo = (1943.3 + 1642.8) 449 = 17572 KN. Averagesear stress of mrt 0.14a 181.210 2 20 i? (G0s0. 260) 85per Examples of Re Dein of Buildings Strength of brace frame Qui Q.42* Q,~ 1957242» $0 18S7.20N. ‘After ding sce! fame at ground Noor X-iretion one steel frame wil tke 1857.2 KN shear wll Tota shear required at ground floor level Xietion is 4673.05 KN, which ned to be sti by (4673.05 /1837.2-80*2)} = 2.662 3 Nos of tea ame Summery of retrofiting method: ‘Requirement of shear Oneal shee at GF a) ea ‘Total requirement Ye | woreaen ut | Somtaaccr | mney | T= ‘aeton te setine sow ee Wage ow ms it Serva wus Teame | nos Gi aeee Bs SOKN 853, nmpracsival solution come Sete sermon | usa | agli an Remark Among the above methods column jacketing, wing wall needs more locaton of column tobe disturbed 19 retro. Caron fiber seems oe nota practical solution i hit ease, Shear wal and ste! fame racing are the two likely methods of reo. Based on economy and easy corstaction, Sher wall option fas ‘en chosen. Dut to sake of symmetry 4noe shear wall intend af nos at GE Ist evel Xeiection Similarly fr cach level in each major dietions need to be clelated (©) Outine of selected retrofit work Conpene Type Dasa ‘tel coe roa anc actuals) | Cone = 25Nine har f= 40M no ‘Anh f= 400 Tet ore cen Keiecion Nos SW Sea.) 2Nos SW 2104) Yet 3Nos SW aly See) Coansion of etising wa ew member ough | New infil hear wll existing fs hold be posited anor conned by pst iid mcr. Deals fac a: Length hrm 36‘Coupes Beamples of Revi Dein of Building (00) Result after selsmleretront Table 412 Result after retro [Sey (aero Y dison i Gai 2, Gi ‘ 08 as 059% asst 3 ‘Ott a 063 0386 2 ox 030 rr} 204 t 036 036 as cea porig Sage emer RI Seay ree | Figure 41.14 ‘Typical Framing Plan after Retrofitting aCaptor Ferg of Ror Designo uli i. ts ‘Figure 4.1.15 Typleal Elevation after Retrofiting aChapter Repl f Retrofit Resign of ulin = rovexsm [wowace biti a ¢ im ri Lrweusmes PRES SET a voce eae ‘Neca ETALOF 2167808 OR igure 41.16 Typlal Detail of RC Wall (11) Ofer, say such as comment bythe Engineer Tn this structure strength based dsion was considered duet lack of ductility ofthe suctre. Insertion of ‘Shear wall was found to be Bete solution ast wll onl change the infil brick allo shear wall ‘Check pss vertical os Inthis example, unit weight of typical foor was 10.8 KNin and wo was 6.3 KN A typical couma ia the mde grid C1 was considered fr checking against vertal load The tributary area considered 22.5, ‘mF The selected column size 250mm » 70mm and reber was 16Nos 20mm diameters rebar. Tota un-faetord lad inthis column is 187.61 Kip and factored capacity (as per BNBC 1993) ofthe column ‘considering f= 1.335 psi (92 Mpa), f= 40,000 ps (275 Mpa) is 364 Kip which ests axial force ratio. (@ vnticore/6.D 2) 047 Tete the verte lad creingraghierents of BNR (1003)Chater 4. Example of Rr Dig of Builings i (ENT FACTORY RLM NING RE ‘Rerofit design as an example was done and the summary of the razoit design is shown below. ‘Characeristics of he buleng, 1) There Is # double neg space atone sde othe buldng Which eause ‘torsion, 2) Strstural height at ground floor is big compare with other floors and become a relatively ‘weak story. To improve the irqulrity is one ofthe targets of the revo. The level of foundation footing is decp Factory under operation is one of the conditions for the plan of refit desig. Stel framed brace is planed at pevimeter of the building considering the windows and opening for exhaust fan. Steal fama brace i so planned at storage, which wil minimize the impacto the operation of the factory. RC wal ie provided beneath he tel raed brace below te ground vel upto foundation level totranfe the seismic load 1s noted that some data of actual buildings have been modified forthe induction of tewoft design, singe is sa private buiging 42.1 General (2) Outtne of building folowing information is reference only forthe example) Name ‘A Garment factory in Dhaka area Usage Garment Factory Number of storey 4 Building height 15,292m%m Storey height 3,658, (strctral eight 4,878mm at evel 1) ‘Structural fype ‘Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure Foundation 9p Independent footing Building area isin “Total Noor ae 65,0005 (6038.7) ‘Year of design 2002 (proved) (@) Characteretis ofthe building, 14 storey garment factory wit double height area, constructed in 2002 2) Grade beams exist be: much lower han GL. 5) Foundation is leatedat GL minus 3m level 0Chapter 4 Examples of Retrofit Designo Builings tee mn nk om oe 8 mmm igure 42.1. Framing Plan of!" Floor 1d Typical Elevation ofa Sample Building (0) As butt drawings Preparation of as-built drawings of structural design drawings and acitctral design drawings was one including related material tests by «dt bulding survey, 42.2. Structural Assessment () Materials Concrete scength by core sampling et (ameter; SOmm), "Average strength standard deviation?" was used fr the evaluation, ‘2127-402 = 10.Nimm is usd fr concrete strength 9Chapter. Exampies of Ret Design of Bulg Reta, dlamster and yield strength [Be [etn +o, iNT was sed forthe evalaton. (2) Weight of Buaing ‘Building weight forthe evaluation of eamic load is shown, and loud factors ot been considered Flor sib thickness 175mm, ‘Typical beamsize + 600mm * 350mm, ‘Typieal clin size SOB = 660m Brick wall thickness 250mm for external, 125m frie. ‘Table 42.1 Weight of Building Sober Wi Aa ON Ree) 0a [ranean | Rowen Pama [teil | inn aaee [a9 =| 798m | LOM, NBO) _| 3 ven [szame | 1656 | 875 vemp) | 20(Gament 2 ams [soa | 56 12 erg) | 20 Garment T waste [osu [100 Tat (avenge) | 20(Garen ‘Note: Dead lod (KN tn’ is slut fom ttl weigh f each flor lor area (@) Evaluation Method and Criteria of Judgment (@)Methoa General requirement of BNBC 93 is followed excluding seismic retrofit design, which snot covered by BNBC. Menuals fer Seismic evasion and Retrofit design of existing RC buildings, 2015 by CNCRP is followed. Items not covered by CNCRP manuals, the folowing Japanese standard and guidelines hs been followed: ‘Standard for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001 Guidelines for Seismic Retrofit of Existing Rbnforced Concrete Buildings, 2001 and Technical Maal for Seisric “Evaluation and Seismic retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001" writen in English and published by lapanse Building Disaster Prevention Associaton. (©) Criteria of judgment ‘Seismic index ofstrctre, I calcul at cach direction snd each flor, and compared with Seismic demand inde, 1,2 ~ In thea it acceptable, "evel sereening method i applied.‘Chape4._Example f Rav Design of ulin Propo seb Based on BNBC 2015 1,=08-23-Z-1-C, Whee: Z : Seismic onecoeticient, as defined in Section 2.5.42 0f BNBC 2015. 1: Suture importance factor, a5 defined in Section 255.1 of BNBC 2015 CG. : Normalized acceleration response spectrum, whichis function of structure (building) riod and soiltype (site class) a defined by Equations 62 38a 0 62.35d of BNBC 201s T= C.(h,)"= 046615." I fe derma Index OFF C84, fon 0.Sése. <0 ue, Soil ype SC, C2875 08.2/30.21.02.875 = 0.304 » 0.262 by te following BNBC93, then f= 0. is selected Based on BNBC93 y= 08-2-C-1 Where: Z + Seismic zone coeticiet given in Table 6222 of BNBC 93 7 : Sirucureinpeetanceeoaficien given in Table 6.2.23 © : Numerical coeicient given by the relason, C=I 28877”, S: Site coafcon fo sol ‘arate, T: Fundamental period of vibration in seco, the valu of C need nat exceed 275, Incase of RC fame sive, T= Goth 00734152)" = 0.56250 Soil type S12, C= 1.28.) = 1251 20.668 =2.18 «275 nZone 2 (Dhaka), le ~ G8» 015%2.18°1.0=0.8" 0327-0202 (Z~a.15, 10,25) (©) Application In cae of low strength coerete(conerete strength <13.5Nmm}), reduction factor for shear stength of ‘column willbe used. Concrete slr than 9.0N mi out of sce in principle, ae will he vated ‘actly (4 Assessment Result @En ‘Typical column section a ground level is shown in Table 42.2, laton of columaChapter 4 Examples of Reofe Design of Bullings ‘Table 42.2 Flexural Strength (9) /Shear Ste [te ota i108) “sel solr (gi 5-105) ‘Sesion si, ina, ‘tee umber maa) 60mm sone ter, deand $Fe-10mm @ 20 Zr iomm arn lena (owas) kre -a1s%9) Nurmber ofa bar 12-280 [Number ofan ba25ne0 = 4010 mm (lea hgh) 1 4010 na (lb) Fiewral (= 213m = 395645m srengh Shene | Qu, =? OTm =2606N Onc 24/401 197.188 fepeciyN), Qy-A087A, =O FOESH= HON, — | On 3225K-=IASORWTTSAEN andseene | Q0..~ 158 2oan= 140 ‘seein, | This column i"Fewra clr” ‘Tiscali Flea cola” C= Qa /Nixi re) = 264018 C= QaiN= 1971/1201 = 0.168 ‘acti ndex Phase ait angle, ADF. == F Ray IO(Q Que Rey 201000508 «508107 =04385 06 To(se 1) 1180-48130 0082 F121 sued (rete te technical Drif angle athe ukimate Neca senath, nual) ag” eg = (0 +0082 = 00387 = asa 130, 2.0087 0.0067 [075x(1005.20" 1.0067 \Chsk upper iit fF byfllowias, 1) Aaa fore ati, ADR) =n= 1884000508 610% 107~0574>04, <0, When F127 ed instend 03.2 (ste) 2) Shear sees elu, tlF= QJ0* 8 F.= 0077 <02 |) Tene enforcement rao, [p= $490 «d= 070942 10% 4) Spacing o boop [veo 20025 =#<~8 | 5) Clear bight Hab = 4010508 =7.9>20 ‘The lowest ais, F~ 127 ied ror to te [Chapter 1.1 1and Supplement A3) ae Noe Asia force rato NS * D *F) in the range of 4100.6, and dct inde of 127 proposed. %{Chae Examples of Revo Design of Bu (©) Column and Brick standing wal ‘Sher column (shear file) caused by standing brick wall as not been evauned quantavely ‘Deity index, Fof 127i selected for columns as shown Chapter | (6 Beam column joint ‘his seismic evaluation i 2" level screening method, which consider column collapsemechanism. Beam column joi is eaively weak in ease of lw stength conrete (F< 13.SN/mm), ane Duct index, F (1.50 js used as shown in Chapter 1.1Tand Supplement 7, Asa resu, F= 1.27 s selected, (@eregularity Index So Table 42.3. rvegularity Index Sp fe eve es ei ep FS + [asm [ot © Narmow part 0 10 ia piaiaid ia | soopeal= 7 So eee ti eeecee ee acae)| a] enemas esa 8 [oo_|twvtyetn cea a ‘Stifnessimass Floor £1,.0.8 | 08 | Forreference only, | | ers ter ato item j re applied forall tories. fem | and item a are applied foreach sory and direction Eccentricity (tem ) and vertical sifness distribution (term n) shown at Note are evaluate by separate caleulaton for reference only. Typ! evel and cach icction, Sor“ %. Level 2, ¥ direction, Sn 4 * on * oe L1,.X and¥ direction, Sax gu * 0085 95 + 100.9% 10-086 gu 0% 095 « 10% 1.0% 08= 0.76(Caper 4. Examples o Revo Design of Bul (Time index, T ‘Tablea24 Time Index, 7, Refer to Table ofthe. Standard, ‘Time Indes, Tis estimated a 0.998 rom flowing Table, and 7~|,0 is used for fre caleultionChapter 4 Exarpes of Revit Design of Building (Result of seismlc evaluation “eval at evel | and lve 2 re lower han (= 030), and reo is require, ‘Table 42.5 Result of Seismic Evaluation Sey | | etn Ye diston ] ca te coe eee [7 [om ——Toaie | 30 [oss | 0564 [asos_[is9_ [ose [osm 3 [on ——[osnr rs0 [osss [osm [esxe [130 [oar [0300 3 fas ——fousr] a7 [aise [ores [ore [t27 [oar [oase T pre fora [rar [oases oa [oro [rar foxes [ome Note: E: Bae wim nde of suse, = EST Calculated F's higher than 1.5 at lve 3 and Level 4, bat =I.S was estimated considering “low strength comerte. Tele 42.6 Judgment ai Tn area arin euee: 4 [Judgment _ Te [Judgment n [ase | Sec 038s | son | > 0357 | stery 0330 sis | [27] [Co eri 0134 [etsy | 1 on [Ratessacey [eco [ir (q) Checking of clumn against vertical load Checking of column axial stength against vets load by BNBC (P,~ 0850 [085 A, +f, Aa] ) as done for a typieal column at grid SD. The result shows that the column axial force capacity is satisfctry against verte! load or weight by dead an ive loa. 422. Retrfie Decign (4) General (2) Summary of slsmle assessment 1 builing nega ig 11 Seismic assessment, horizontal stiffs slow at ground floor level for buh drestions. The level of grade beam slower han ground floor, andthe lage structural store height causes lower horizontal ssiffes, 1.2 Torsional behavior occurs for transverse direction because of double height re at one side. 2, Ground floor an I floor are required to revo, to improve the equity andthe strength erieted resoft is planed. (©) Requirements 1. The factory is unde operation, Impacts tothe operation by ert work shal be minimized onChaps 4. ramps of Revo Design of Buildings (© Concept of retrofit 1. Retrofit elements are provided et perimeter aren and outside of existing brick wall. Impact to duction activites shall be minimized 2, Sel famed brace is provided and noc RC wall, since there are windows and openings fr ventilation at perimeter walls 5. Infill RC wall is provided under the steel famed brace upto the existing foundation footing to transfer the stueagth of sel framed brace 4. Asa result the improvement of the regulary is planned. Horizontal strength is neeased, (@Retront design 1. Proposed Seismic demand index, la ~ 0.30 based on BNBC2015, i used as 2 level seismic srening metho, Naural period afer retrofit wil reduce because of sifes increase, but 0.288 isthe uppe init and same values used fr the evaluation afer reo, 2. Ducility index, = 1.27 (= 1/150), used for coh at ground storey and 1” storey. Dusit index Fo ste famed brace i an be expected in the range of 1.5 2.0 generally. Tere an experimental study of scl framed brace using low strength concrete RC fame, and ductility index F up to 15 is suggested, In case ofthe retrofit design, tly index of sel braced fre 127 ( 1/180) was proposed to meet the condition of existing columns, This wil reduce the damage of brick alls, non-structural elements. Duty index of 1.5 willbe wed for 2 and 3° storey, and no retoit will erequied 3. Indirect connection method is used. ‘When scl flamed brace is designed at perimeter, adtional RC team and cohimn are casted to Provide indirect connection, ante eceatrcty of sel framed brace is minimized 4-Design of ste! framed brace (Channe section by the combination of angle members wil be used, Connection ata factory is based fillet welding only andi not butt welding, Connection at sites high tength bolting connection. 5. Postinstalled anchor Chemical anchors ae used and longer embedment is considered due to low tenth concrete 6 Design of RC wall under the steel famed brace Design shear force of RC ifill-wall willbe move than horizontal strength of steel famed brace (2) Materials for Retroit Table 42.7. Materials for Retrofit [Maal (Gneee rea mee, Conte: F 25N structural ste). Re bar: 40% main a AON) Seta sel = 45Nin! High stent bat = SOON? lea Nonstrinl wou mas: 30N an Tajo of oof slements Wel baled lou fro distin Conestion afexsing und aew ionter Invest connection metho bets sts Famed ase hugh at neal ance nd exiting RC fume wl e pioChapter (@) Required Numbers of Stel Framed Brace heck £5, TMLCE ST Js, where C= 5, Sv [ee tt scagea cia 120 «20 Ineweotganton, 1 0= [222% gC 127-2 “ole 425 Required amr of Sel Framed Brace = ied = = Daspaee wees 0 sia thle oral aroet, [tome ieee | ox Canam [2 ; Fe" izoossia| Oe) Soren po ia 10307-1275) (y | 70195 (after retrofit) ome e: e 4/14,965 +100 | 1.6 0.337. ‘S077 in case F=1.5 4 sa ass fossa [= alt 0378 | +3)/32,878+300 | 1.4 0.295. 9,788 in case. — re fosat |= 2/80,903+900 | 1.2 [9298 (F=1.27) 15437 aos [ores | $925 yx [oes [1 1)64,491 + 1,900 | 10, 16,531 4% Nd van [osoe_[aais ‘Note 1 Weight inreas by eddional stress and Hcl Famed brace with adlonal conorte was cmlusted [Level 100KN, lve 3: 2008, evel 2: 608%, level 1: 1,008, toa: 1, 9004NChapter 4 ramps of ato Dasgn of Bulings Rogsredoa of | Reyuiedna.of | Requvedae of | Required oof vie, | soltmelies (sed ema |setanet nce net ea 8) 2E-13130>1 11301 }2L-100%100%12 | d) 2L-100*100%1 siemens, | Saacise patnrbone fascia |Oausw-imr 2 Q=20mn —|a.=2200N | Q,=1900e | O,~ L6504N (Gandaspn) | (enaerspen) | (und spen) | soar pm) 3 2 [xan = = aise oa muss Bri=a a Tam oan! Y.9718 3a oe L "Stel, «= 345KNimun (ASTM AST2) Following combination of see! famed brace is proposed. Well balanced layout of sel brace is planned to improve the irregular, Ineslacty index ofeach oor i 095 “Xdireton: 4 Nos of ype a a vel I and 4 Nos of type) at level 2. ‘Yeiecsion: 2 Nos of type a) and? Nos type b at evel | and 2 Nos of ype cand 2 Nos type at evel 2 Table 429 Additional Strength by tee Framed Brace a a ee os aloe alae 7 [ae T= = = = [pas —— Haass — rooster ——tom Pee ate theese fes —— lone aera ae 03 he A | lo $ lot a 00 colonial as ansio omy inden F Figure4.22 Strength Index and Ductly Index Relation 100example of Reo Desig of Binge (Desig of Steel Framed Brace (SFB) Refero Chal 3 fo thecleulaton sheets of sel famed bce, for headed anor and pst-insted acho, eo eg Figure 42.3 Steel Framed Brace (Case 1:2 L (@hannel shape 130 * 130 12, standard column span 7,240ram, Store height 369m ‘A= 29.76 = $950, w= 23.44" = 46 g/m 1. (oueklinglength) = 400mm, ~ 200mm (piel at ground oor eve) ais of gation, = BHP) 12 (BH bi) = FSSRATTIAZS) 1 (eesti) = 4001012 ~ 48.4 ofl) =200296~ 555 ane) Bend =555 “Flat compressive stress) =(1-0.4-QUA)? }F = (1-0.44(55 5/989)? )345 = 0.1740045 ~301N/mm? limit corpse a) = 301+ 5850 17984 ite res) 345+ 5950 08 (ebony bl ol) = 164248 Tot @=(C= 1) oe 40 ees ~ (1794 1682) 0.76 =2,611KN High seg bl (= SOON), swat fare of M2S ance ~ 17S This value vide by mf) No of ot 1642/1725~9.5 th 10908. ended, = ON, 2 lm Shear apt ~0 64: cya ~ 064-400 201~51.48N Regied No = 261114 ~508, te 2 no, 29 6m 200 ‘Post installed anchor at upper beam, (;* 400N/mm"), 620mm, Shear eapsty by ste strength, Og 07: 0.7400: 318=87KN Shea cpa by being seg conse Qo. Youngs nd, 21 «10% fg73) 04304 fay} ae =O TBRTETS} 314-962 4 Gncsteo9=28NIn new cose) 4-f150-107}.314~ 50.0 Gn case oy = 107 xing cone) <2. Raqited Nb. -26111979=297 ten 30 ne. $20nen (200m apt ew ont ~251/500= $23, thn 53 om 2¢20mm @ 20m eis xing coer case 2:2 (hae shape) 130 130% inca of short pn a gn oo eel, 5.40 Total Q=(C* 1) = cos Soke = (1794 +164) «063 2209 (5) Design of RC Wal Below Ground Floor Level IC infil wll below the round Noor nde the el famed brace. Refer to Appendix 7 fr the Calton txts of sel med bra, fo hed chor an pom nae anche, Design Shea fre of RC ill wl igs ts eng of el ce 2m. 101Chapter Example: of Retrofit Design of Bulngs ee Figure 42.4 RC filled Wall, Calelation of shear wal eferto Chagter3.2.3. Shea stent ofS shear wal pals shown hee, n= 1 Po, Fe2O+ OS: Prey toL Rebar: D1O@150 double yar, P, (shar reinforcement aio) = 785 2)150%200) = 0.00523, 6, AOON mm, Fo, = 25N/man, r= 200mm L = 6,600mam (clear leagth) max (0.00525 » 400, 25/20 0.5 «0.00523» 400) «200 « 6600 = max (2.092,2296) « 200» 6600 ~ 3,032,000N, 032kN > 2,604 Strength of see race) «1.1 =2 80KN (design strength of infill wal) OK Note 1. rag ofa bce of ground flor was ted edie srenthaf nile sear al panel. (6) Result of Sesme Retrofit Design (@) Seismic index of structure 1 after retrofit Seismic index of struct, at evel {an level ae more han (= 0.30) and ae sisi, Oa ‘Table 42.10 Result after Retrofit ea [diet Y¥resion Seolnei | ccoummrsen | F |e | | cccoumarsr | P| & [a os [om To | 0598 | 0568 | 057s 1s0 [ose [osm on_[oszs 130 [owe [ox [0321 ta [ ox | oe ‘as;_[ormsoiei-amn [127 [asm east |o1sev0is7=aa0 | 27 oa [asm Lo _[op+assr=o2s [127 | 0350 [030 | 0106+ 0145=0281 | 127 | 0318 | 0300 "Not: 1) trepuaity Index, Som is 0.9 after rot. 2) Time index, T= 1.03) 1, =030 Bx Basic seismic index of stress [= EST 2) Present C was modified based on the building weight ater retrofit () Requirement fr Retrofit Construction 1) Erection method of sel famed brace wil be studied atthe hegining ofthe constrction. 2) Excavation and shutering work for RC wall work at underground will be studied so a nt to affect the existing sab on grade. 3) Cocriaton werk with existing pipes and cables fr the peodution willbe done birth constuction (0 CF relation after retro, (strength index) # (uctity index elation at each for befoe and afer trois shown in Figure 48. Right uper side ofthe hyperbolic curve shown isthe target area of Seismic performance. This hyperbolic curve shows target E or [expressed by, 102Capt 4_ Example of Reo Design of ulin Xediestion Figure 42.8 C-F Relation Curve afer Retrofit 103\Chater4. Examples of Rott Design of Buldings ©) Raa Man Levelt cea & le ta | 5 . “a i tas em mame sane 4 =e a | of 5 ee mete ss ‘Figure42.6 Framing Plan mCaptr§,Bampes of Retrofit Designo Bling (6) Retrofit Elevation Gia 101 Grid 106CChaper 4 Examples of Rott Design of Buildings (©) Detail Framing Elevation and RC Wall Detailcsc if oeCaper 4. ful of Reva Design of Buildings (11) Proposed Construction Sequence for RC Shear Wall Excavation sequence related 10 RC shen wall below ground flor lve is propose as fllows a ud | aoe] 5 Came a es ae Figure 42.10 Proposed Excavation Work Sequence for RC Shear Wall 108Copiers. Example of Revolt Desig of Bling 4A_CASE 4 A SAMPLE RETROFIT DESIGN OF MI 431 Consent ‘A sample retrofit design of two storey's mixed ‘ype strucare of RC flame and brick masoary is introduced. 2d level serening procedure by Japanese standard was eppied. ice this manual doesn’t ‘cover rick masonry and the existing concrete i of extremely ow strength the retrofit design callin 's fr reference only. Engnces are requested to investigate ferent aspects carly and take decision jdciously. Daring seismie evaluation and reoit design of ths building suggested madiication foe ‘Bangladesh building (se-I.11) was not considered. 432, Seismic Evaluation (1) Basic information about the biliag i Urage of the building - Fie station i. Oceupaney ype —1V i, Year of constuction ~ 1963 iv. Two stored building with each Noor approxiately 2725qm ‘Usage of ground lor —Ofie + Car parking ‘Usage of I" lor ~ Residence Sti portion continues upto eo -. Stu ype ~ Mined ype sturte with rick masonry ath side and RC fue at ide par ‘¥. Ground lor height = 3100mm (Parking to beam bottom) * 400m beam First foo eight = 3000mm, ‘il Top of wade beam ~ 800mm below parking level (2) Information of existing structural material 8) Brickowall ‘According tothe insta test of cement mats joint of brick wall done atthe site, shear strength was found to be 0.188Nne? including the overburden pressure. This is very low compared with existing data (Average of 32s of data; .75N/mum, and Standard deviation; .35Nimm’) Axial (vertical sess ‘of sypical rick walls etiated fom 0. 1GNimm to 0.32N/mm at ground flr. inthis evalaton shear strength r= O2N/m is taken by engineering judgment and was applied accordingly. Young's modulus willbe approximately £=0.60x10°Ninn which s approximately 0.3 times tat of erdinary conte. 1) Concrete Concrete strength of existing column, F;~ 7.8Nmm? (Average ~ standard deviation) is calculated {fom 3 no's drilled concrete core test results. Due to extremely low strength conrete, redtion factor Ky {uted forthe evaluation of shear strength of cola, «) Reinforcement Reinforcing bar strength, c;~ 275N mm" is assumed considering construction period (@) Butaing weight Unfactored unit weight and Noor are is given below. Unit load of speife Noor level is calulted considering $0% loud from upper floor and 50% lee from lowe lor. Live loud is considered as 1.45, kvm ack Naso Pat | _—_Roaeepee —] Taitweght | Fooracs —| Unteigt [Foor Taimseaa [3918 isn Tae [127 Ni —102 [720 Nm | 16 109Chaper 4 Bumples of Ret Design of Blings Building weigh of rot level, W = 64 + 1056+ 1,160= 22804N Building weight of I lor level, W = 1284+ 1218 = 2.5024 ‘Tonal weight EW =4,72kN (4) Proposed Seismic Demand Index 1, Using building and subs characteristic acording to BNBC 2015 proposed seismic demand index, fo is calculated as follows and this value have been aplied for assessmont and revoiting design by 2 level screening method as pe Japanese Standard ne co-efficient = 0.2 1 Imporancefacioe~ 15 (Com Noralized response spectrum we Eas Where ling period Chat For masony structure 0.048 and m = 0.75 Building height = 6.5m T= 0.488 65)” =02 see Damping correction factor ~ 1 for $% vissous danping For sol ye SC Sells Ty-02 Now Co= 11s {t+ §30501-I} 2005 Tite fo = 08042 025150875 46 Nat, for soil ype SD; fp = 0.54 and incase of BNBC 93, fo 0.41 (for sti so) uoFaeee sere e ease reer aT TT Chagter4._ Examples of Revo Designo Buildings "lope plan and wall leagth (eum): rick wal thickness, 250mm and 125m ee § ¢ ‘ 2 cueee Figure 4.1 Flor Plan and Elevation 48) Solemie Hoe af Struct, J level screening procedure by Japanese Standard (Strength Caleutation of Column “Unit weigh for root = 6.87 Ni? “Unt welgh 1" oor = 721 kN? mChapter d._ExsmnplesofReofi Design of Buldags [ Figure 432 Long and Cross Section of Column For caoulation- ‘= Toa erss sectional area oftesileeitorcing bass 2s314= 628mm “Teal eros setiona are of teinforcng bars = 4314 1256? b= Colum width= 300mm D= Column depth = 300mm 1 Yield strength of tensile reinforcing bars = 275mm? Fe Compressive srength of conerete= 7.8 Vim? Inger column ebutary aren 3.6% 3.8 = 269m ‘Axial free on columa, = (687 +721) 126 TTA. Axial strength of column, Maw BDF. a 6 "= 300 «300% 78+ 4 314.275 1087.4 (Check, ODD." 0.4» 300+ 300*78 = 28081 (I77A LA) uaCapi §. Examples of Rel Design of Buildings Flexural strength of column will be ealeulated by the fllowing equation: otis ors oe) 0.812 1314 1278 300 +05 «1778 «1000 «300{1- TEE) 114 x 108+ 19.9 * 10° Jo © te ay ‘itmate shear streagts 0053p 23pee A) 1, foes EF o8s Jagan 1000/8 2 ‘Where edition factor for low strength concrete: ‘K,- 0284 + 0086 F, “0246 + 0056 "78 8 2314100 ‘Teil reinforcement ratio in =p, = 2=3E4=1C0. 390% 300 24283 ‘Shear reinforcement ratio= p= 2285 = 0.00084 300225 N__ 17741000 BD” 300x300 serom=wo-k 2 Axial stres in column =o =197N ma? =1950mm Me. AID 195065, Bo Pao 503 EMA (Q) i greater than 3, thon is value sal be taken as 3 Mio sD ~ 240mm o [2080078789 TOES +0197] 300240 34012 = 0.68(0-403 + 0.408 + 0.197} =300.«240 = 49 3KN >31 44 (On) Shear strength of alum = 31.4 N “Tal shear strength of cols st ground for = 12 <31.4=377 KN sear stesso ong columa, ie. r= 0.7 i considered. ‘Then Shes stength of 12 columns will be = 0.7 300» 300 1/1000 usChapter 4 Fsampes of Rett Design of Buings = 1864 > 37TH So, toa shear stength of corn ~ 377 EN Clear height of column at 1 lor, s=2600m same M,forcoluma at I" floor is considered then 0. Considerations: ') Brick walls with 20eum thickness at window level ar estimate fr strength caution i Brick was acted outside of projected ine of RC frame portion ae excluded. |i) Brick walls eng ss than 400mm are excluded det lexical evo, Calealation oft ground for: 1) At Ground floor, Xcdiection total section atea of brick walls 4925,000mm So, shear strength of brick wall = 425,000» 0.21000 = 985 kN Ydiection total section area of brick wall 7,785 000mm So, shear strength of brick wall = 7,755,000» 0.21000 = 1551 kN. i) ALT oor, X-diection taal section aren of brick walls 6439,750mm So, shear strength of brick wall = 639,750 0.21000 288 &N, ‘Ydiestion oat setion area of rick walls §,550,000mn So, shear stength of brick wall = 8, $50,000» 0.21000 ~ L710 uN. (6 Selsmic index of structure, J ‘Time inde, 7=03 (For age > 30 years) Liegularity index $= 09 (For soft ground for) Considering allowable deflection ange of brick musony i 1500. So, ductility index; P= 0.8 und effective strength fictor of column, 0.5 (Ref: Table 3, . tana] (@)Caleaation oft ground for ‘) In X-direton (ong dietion) ‘Building weight at middle ofthe ground Noor = 47824N ae c= Bp ~ Seon bik malin inst Sten of lls _ 08277 Bailing Weight ‘oe ueChapter Examples of Reo Design of Bailing BA CxPaTxS = 1:0.245+08:08:09 140.46 1 In Y diestion (Transverse direction) p_1851405%377 Strength ines, c= SEES 0368 BAL CPT xS: nel 036808003"09 =021<046 i) Calealtion off tI" foe ') In Xirection (long dreton) Buln weigh at I lor lvel= 2280 kt strength i & So,sregin inden, C= 8 12884055664 a ae =0689 Basic sebmic index, E,= “tcc ae = 21 o6sox08 242 oe 083 saxser 0413 «09 «08 31-<046 {i I ¥-eton (Short rection) 17104055664 2280 874 Seagth nde, theca 241 Fe cosrax08 Basic seismic inde, Ee a2 usChapter 4. Examples of Retrofit Designo Bulngs Le Boor os2h0908 ~038 0.46 Table 4.3.1 Result of Seitmie Evaluation X direction YY deesion suey eT#[z[s2][el[flzln 2 | 0 | oi [ 030 | On Shear sengh of column ~ 84.8 ‘Nos: There willbe some lintation of lzural strength alr jacketng of column considering the learat -wrenthof beams. In this case, stress level is low and no reduction was done usChapter 4 Example of Reva Dein of Duldings d8@20ce RC. Jeckatng Wal Figure 43.8, Section of Wall Jacketing “Thickness of jacketng wall tg = 100mm. Length of jakaing walt gil, =2 = 2800 ~ 880) = 6100 [Earance opening filed by RC jckting wall ove erik wall ‘al Grid 11,1=2 2480 + 1500) = 7900, F= Compressive stength of concrete of RC jacketng wall = 25Nm Yield seengh ofteaforement of jackeing wall = a00N mn. Reinforcement = 4 @ 00mm ec each way shear ses is aleulated as flows, F, | Few 057,40 er (Ref 3.15.4. Guidelines) Where, ‘pe Wall enforeenet ratio 5028 = 000251 100% 200 in| oozsnate, s03x000251 to = max (1.00, 178) = 1.75Nmm In this case, lower value 1SNimsm? (capacity of wal as indicted in forthe strength evaluation considering design of post installed anchor. level sreening method) i used In X-dietion, ‘Shear strength of eed, Qu= 15 * 100 «6700 = 1005KN Shear strength of del, Qe = 1. » 10 » 7900 = 1851 In Y-direton, ‘Shear strength of wll jacketng at id- A, C,G and J m1sP 1.53 100» (1550 +5780 +4220 +8200) = 38580 120‘Chater 4 Exanpls of Raft Designo Bul (6) Strength Calculation of RC Wall at Grid Lergth of RC wall =3750nm, Thicknes of wall = Sm, “Thu RC wall wil be provided to meet the shear demand at ground flor only. This new RC wall as a ortimuous footing st existing foundation level and will be anchorad 1" os slab by post installed Anchor, Since tis very low eight RC wall, 0 wil iin hear mode isteadof Nlesure mode. Shear sess, = max (Pw Fo!20¥0.5Peno5} [pee = s [Non Stink Grout jane, I i -Singmmccam im) a Figure 43.6 Section of RC Wall at Grid Where, 'B,= Wallrelaforcemen ratio 245024 _ 5.65335 150.200 For= Corpressive strength of concrete of RC val = 25Ninm ed strengthof reinforcement of RC wall Nea So, max { 0(0335x400, Fro 51<0.00335 400}, ‘max (134, 1.92} ~1.92Nina. In this case, lower value 1.SN/mun? is sod for the strength evaluation of considering design of post, installed ance So, shear suengtbof RC wall= v1 5 «3750 * 150 *2 008, 687 ®N, aa‘Cher 4. Examples of Revolt Dson of Bunge (@) Calculation for post installed anchor for RC jacketng over exksting masonry wall at Grid-t and newly inserted RC wal at Grid, Figure 43.7 Section Showing Anchoring of Jacketed Wall with Slab Shear capacity of bonded anchors clelated as follows: anchor length 2 7, x= min (Qus.Q.) Guidlines 3 9.4.7) = min (026,004 YE 42] 2-07 6a, (Guidelines 394-8), Qu 04 EB Guidelines 39.49) But r( Q,/a) stall no be grater than 294 Ninn, Shear capocity shall be the smaller value of (Ox and Qn, which are determined by sts! strength and bearing stength of concrete, respectively Where, = Vield strength of bolt = 400 Nin 1, = Cros sectional area of anchor, = 785 mu (For 1Ommbar} = Young J, maul of existing corre, = 13126 Nom ‘n= Compressive strength of existing concrete =1.8 Nima in|0.7 = 400 78.5, 04yTSTEO=7E <783] min [21980, 10047] W = IOKN. (Noe that, Ox. shalbe ess than 294N/m ‘Tonal shear stength of RC jacketing walla grid-l 1008 LN [From se 30) $0, Qa 122Chap 4 Examples of Rett Desion of Buildings Assuming balf of this she force wil be transfered from level2 floor slab and another bal i transferred from lve-3 (ro slab) number require bolt = 1005/10 = 101 ‘oral length of wal a rid-1=6700%m (670052 To Provide @ 10mm bok i 125mm. Embeciment lenglh= 11 bar diameter wil be applied fr low strength concrete For wal at Grid Shear capacity ofeach ble So, bolt spacing ~ = 133mm q=04JE a, x0 04 TSIROXTHx113 [For 12mm g bot = 14548, Seng coibutin factor 9.6 is usd since dct index 0.8 considered f ct index not es ‘han is used then il stength(L6STEN) have tobe considered forthe anchor design, 1687085 So, required munber of ot = 6872055 - 76 Borseecing- 282s 00m (Singh ot xing Bek Wa Star cy ofteeal“02Na" Cross sectional area of brick wall in X-direction » 4,925,000mm*, Se seg ik al neon geome! Soa 492son0 Coes Ci stoma fi li-ion 7,75, 0mm Se aa ong wk mala Ydesion a 758 1ss1 i (Strength Calculation of Stel Framed Brace at Grid-t Length of stel famed brat ~3010mm eight of tee famed brace =2680mm ‘Length of diagonal member = 3834mm Section of brace © 225 «125 «10 Sexton property Area, A= 4550mm Moment of Inertia = 2860 10%mmnt ‘be 616 > 10mm Radius of gyration, r,=92:1 mm 7-368 mm, 123Chapter é_Beanples of Reo Design of ulin fo Limit compressive stength {LO4GIAY ~ (1-0482.1997) «345 = 306 Nem. For tension side 20% reduetion for blt hole assumed, Only main diagonal member wil be considered for strength calculation. One braced frame wil ake lad by compression and another will atcpate by tension. Incinaton ofthis diagonal member i 41.4 with bse So, strength Ai fr c000"+ Aw f e059 = (450 306 +4550 «08 «345) cos414 ~ 1986 1 (@ Caleulation for Bolt Connection ‘The diagonal member wil be connected by bot with sel frame. If ordinary bolt (SS 400 equivalent) ith M2é is used then sng ofeach bolt, Qu = 120KN, 4 Sotto, ofbol equines = 22 Brot ~ 48507345121, say Moor om ach cde “TOsTO00" : = 0845505345 19 5 say tos, 120% areas reuce fr tithe then no, of ot eqired = 8548805345 - 195, ay 12 thigh strength bol, FLOT equivalent i sed then Qi ~ 199KN, and no, of bolt required = 7.9, say 8005 (8) Calculation for Hended Stud Assuming double layer headed stud ¢ 12mm 200mm Talon, fede staat tp ote fame = 2202 tps ‘Shear srength of ech ti, gu" 0.64 erat, us = Tensile strength of sud 00 Nm, 4,= Cross sectional are of ra = 113mm 070.64 400% 113 = 2894N, ‘Total capacity of heed stud = 30> 289 ~ 86TIN. For dctiity index 08, effective stengh actor of stel famed bracing is 0. 125(Chagler4_ Examples of Retofe Design of Bulings ‘So, srength provided by each bracing 496.5AN< B67KN, Uf ductiliy index of not es than 1.0 suse, shen strength of 93KN shal bc sed fo the std design. () Catetation for Post Installed Anchor ‘Assuming 616mm @ 200 post insalled anchor, Feat 4 ViSTRETS-201 Capacity of ech anchor, (Capacity * 14 «25.7 = 359.8 WN < 4965 EN, So, increasing the number of bolt @ 100mm spacing capacity ~29 «25.7= 745.3 N > 496.5 KN Use gl6mm@100mm or 420mm@1SOmm at upper beam only and other portion #SmmG200mm, “Embeament lng willbe 1» bar gimeter for lw stent concrete Nate: Stength contribution factor 0.5 at dutty index 0.8) used. IF ductility index of aot ss han 1.0 isused, Then strength of 99 sal be used forthe stud design, () Calculation fr Ladder Type Rebar ‘According to the standard, minimum cross section are required for ladder rebar = 4 112mm 1200 ladders used and thickness of nom-sbrink grout is 12Sno8 113.100 125.200 ‘hen aio of rebar 0.45% > 04% (4) Selsmie index of Structure and Judgment For ductility index 08, strength contibtion of diffrent member i as follows Brick wall= 1.0 Jacking wall = 0.65 RC shear wall = 065 Jacketed cola =0.5 Steel rom bracing = 05 ‘oval shear suength in X direction at ground floor 052 jy Qpy* tay Qa He Qe = 985 40.65» (1005 +1185) +0465 «1687705 % 12% 848 013.88N, ‘Total weigh at ground flor Existing weight + Additional weight for reofting elemert usChaser 4 Examples of Revo Design of Buildings seenghine, c= 2 4013.8 ‘aay 7074 So, stsmic index of strate in X-diretion st eound oor is" E9*5 7 nat WL CxPxSy xT 1074 08% 1.0098 56> Ia 0.45) “oal shear seg in Yeon a pound Noe, 20a +2 py Oy *en Dow +e ‘DoS py Oy = 1551 + 065 «3858 +0405» 12+ 848 +05 «1986 = 5560 kn, Sength index, C=: So,scsmic index of stretuceinY-diteton at ground Hor 15=Fo*S%2 Blab eSgxt 102s %08% 10% 095 =0.78> 1, (045) ‘Fable 43.2_ Result after Retrofit K iecson Y dietion | i Fa 1 _Le7s_|-oaa[_os7_[>04s [10s [oss [07 | >oas Proposed = 0452 level seeing, BNBC 2015, sail ype SC) Sal ype SD, = 0.54) awChapter. Examples of Revoit Design of Bldgs © Retrofit Plan Ga ramingelevaon apne Figure 43.9. Proposed Retrofit Pan 128Chapter nape of Rare avon of Bulings (© Drawing of Steet Framed Brace [Connection design aa factory propose using fet welding oly “Figure (210 Deal of Srustwral Framed Brace 129(Chapter 4._ Examples of Refit Design of Bldgs (© Photos during Construction (8) Non vik got mena were (0)Chemicl anchor) Fomork and eonceting work ‘tp come, ary fader wrk (2) RC Column Jacketing ‘@)Chin ack fr) Becion vate ofueel (Comes f tel ned ‘eon treatin toe (2) Stee Framed Brae (1) Rebar wert preted wall (2) Coney work ptr rk wa (9) dacketing of Brick Wall Figure 43.11 Retrofit Construction Work 130Chapter Examples of Ret Design of Buln (Shear strength of brick mortar Join by in-situ shear test, by NSET of COMP projet ‘Existing dt of shear strength test of rick joint mora at sites shown a reereneeinfrnation. ‘Average: 075Ninn? Standard deviation; 035N ta ‘Shear strength for planning purpose: += 04 Nm? (~0.75-0.35) Factor by veri sires it excluded Inst shear tet of brik ont mortar, by AST coun oy sce . t ee 0758/2 Satan 0352 Dhaka 1°22) Syet 13-2), chittaport 23°32) Result of insta tes is aust by = (minus) no (sear sess by tes, oeicint 1.0, vertical ‘sess Nin, by FEMA 356,73.2.6) Figure4.3.12 Insitu Shear Test of Brick Joint Mortar (Courtesy by NSET of COMP projet) 13SUPPLEMENTSUPPLEMENT A SUPPLEMENT AI. PROPOSED SEISMIC DEMAND INDEX OF STRUCTURE, J 11 GENERAL ) Purpose ‘An investigation of proposed Seismic demand index of structure, ly based on BNBC 2015 was done. Propose I for Sil type SC (hard sil) e030, which isthe peak value and ie 80% of eat response shear eoefcient 0.38. Proposed fr sil type SD (oR sil) s 0.36, which she peak vale and is 80% of elastic response shear coetTiien 04. (@) Method ‘Time-hisory response analysis was done based on suppose restoring force characteris ad artical centhquake waves. Deradng trilinear model as restoring force characterises was use, and parameter is shear strength and storey defection angle at yield ‘he response of shear force coetcient and storey dellecton angle was suded. Moposed I was investigated using ductile 1 storey fame through case Ito case 6, Brite fame of I storey frame was studied through case 7 and 8 for comparison purpose 3 storey bile ames were used fr eas 9a 10 (0) Time-History Response Analysis Structure Vibration Model: RC frame with! lumped mass shear type model for ese 1 10 ease 8. RC frame with 3 lumpad mass shear type modes for ese 9 and case 1, Response at peak area of specu ‘was assumed providing short period of | laped mass, ‘Restoring Force Characteristics: Degradingt-linar ype model (type 4), O.= 04 O, is supposed. ‘Yield shears force 2: Shear force when crack occurs Ini tfness i supposed as two ines of yield stiffs ‘Case 1 to Case 6: Story deflection ange at yield is sepposed a 1/50, yield strength is changed for 3 ‘types for SC and SD respectively Refer to Figure SA 1. Case 7 to Case 10: Storey defetion angle at yield is supposed as 1/250, Viel strength is change for SSC and SD respetvely, Refer to Figure SA 12. Input earthquake waves: Arial wave corresponding to response spectrum of soil type SC (bard) and SD (Got) 3 wave each as shown, Ma. Acceleration snot se =0. 133g, Refer tothe attachment Damping constant Sifnss proportional type 5% was supposed. Building data: Building weight W= ‘5,040KN, store height H = 300em, (Case | toca 3 farsi type SC and cate to ese 6 for ype SD, supposing dle RC frames (Cate 7 & cae 8:1 humped mas syste, restoring force characters is degrading linear type. Yield shear fee coefficient is 030 for sol typ SC, and 0. 36 fer soil ype SD. Storey deletion ange at yield is assumed as 1250. Duty index, Fis supposed as 1.0. Target response ductility fctor isles than 10, Case 9 and case 10s 3 lumped mass systems, and oer condition is same to those of case 7 and 8 ‘The result of cae 1 to case 8 i introduced fist, and result of ease 9 and case 10 is showa ate. 13Supplement A a a a ain [ 0935 1 st051 _Average of sll ypeSC is 0814 average a 0 ype SD ie more han 1.0 Response Shear Force Coefficient sew | __BNBCTypeSCI.23 [aati a oe 1 [aan [—ea@ [020 |— 0500 | 0250 —| —o300 Average of sil ypeSC is 0258 67% of 0.383,‘Supplement A (6) Example of Artificial Earthquake Waves Artificial earthquake wave is propared to produce the response specirum of BNBC 2015. The Specification of sponse of sil clasification ype SC snd type SD of _BNBC 2013 is shownbelow. 1000 = = 1 oa ‘oor oo g0—-1000|| 001 030 100-1000 | Pesind on) Period (oe) ‘apo haan Sra Repu Wy Saran Figure SA1.12 Speciiation of Response Spectrum by BNBC 2015 ‘Table SA 14 Peak Ground Acceleration and Velocity of Each Wave Result sno indicted ‘Name wl ine Newsct [1797 1650 | News? [2154 wie Newse3 [1873 1485 New sD! [2186 2301 New SD.2__|256.1 2146 NewSD.3 [2100 2153 1998.1 he 1639 1983.2 wat 1635) 1993, 1869 i827 inthis supplementroe [BNBC 2015, Response speseum af Soi type SC-I ResponeVelct Spectrum Response Assen Spectra FigureSA.113 Response Spectrum of Soi Type SC by BNRC 2015 S82°888 wae Acesersion at ound eve BRE°RRE (emmy A Whose at ground eet ‘FigureSA 1.14 Acceleration and Velocity Waves of Sol Type SC by BNBC 2015Supplement [BNBC93, Speciation of Soll ype 2, Reference 1000 Tih oa. Hl | Period (se) Respense Welty Spectrum [igure $41.18 Speciation of Response Spectrum of Soll Type 2 by BNBC 93 [BNBC 93, Response spectrum of Soil Type 21, Reference Only om 01 10 Response Aceatin Spectue Respas: Velocity Spectrum Figure SAL. 16 Response Spectrum of Soll Type 2 ty BNBC 93, M45‘Stongth nix. € Supplement A 1.4 COMPARISON OF PROPOSED Jyp AND ACTUAL J, OF BUILDINGS BY BNHCOS Proposed Seismic Demand Index Ii compared with Setmic Index of Stusture of cent buildings in Zone 2 (Dhaka) designed by BNBC 93. Seismic etluation of a6 storey revienial building and 2 6 ‘storey hospital building in Zone 2 and Zone 3 (Syst) designed by BNBC 93 was done andthe result is shown in Figure SAL-I7. CF relation at ground floor of residential bulging is shown in Figure SAL18The values shown we x aad y uaeton a oud Dour level The line ef fy eel 10 0.30 5S shown for reference for midsrise RC buildings in Zone 2 (Dhaka), and this vale of /,(0.30) = recommended for 2000-2 of Bangladesh, On the or band, the line ofl el 00.5 shown inthe figuce for reference in Zone 3 (Spb). The accumultion ofthis kind of data wil be recommended for fuer study. Sts as naan toast uct nex F uci nd, FigureSA118 C-F Relation at Ground Floor, Dhaka Residential Building us.Sopplemeot A Ductity index and shea force at Ground story is shown in Figure SA 1.19 fora residential building Inia stifoess ofa fame with brick standing wall No.3 was approximately 4 times that of average ‘of Nol and No.2. ‘There was no clear ference of ntl stiffness between No.3 anc Nos, Intl stifass ofa frame with RC walle stel amd brace ves approximately 16 times that of average of No. and No2, (©) Strength evaluation: 4 Flexural and shear strength of column, shear stength of RC wall and strength of stesl brace including connection fr rtf were evaluated an compare wits et resus. Flexural strength by the clelation should be reduced in cate of ow strength concrete (6) The Issue tobe investigated further: «Strength of beam column connection, evaluation of poor quality ceto at sits. ‘Quantitative evalation of 90 degree hooks of column te, use of ain main bar ad lap joint 'b. Ductlty evaluation of above item 1 (7) Limitation of the Experiment Material (Det of ow strength concrete loss than 13.5 Nin’) 1. Conc ow stengh cone, 106 Nina woes, Compared, 16SNinein 2012, Z romeng Ni ets | Oration | 2012 wii 3 oe fe= oN Nim Phin Reteeg 74mm |0,=383Nimnt | 6mm | (60 Naam’) 6 dete Dt 9 =276Nine Senn Seog am |g —363 Ne | 30m =20N Interval of shear reinforcement (column tie and detail of tel bracing were modified acardingly. Loading ‘4 Iciaton of foundation beam under the specimen: Slight inctimton of foundation ste! beam was observed in plane and out of plane direction, and flr plates ere provided where gap exits under the specimen. Limitation of horizontal hyaulic acs; capacity was 23 ton (2304) oly. 158Supplement SUPPLEMENT AS, PROPOSED DUCTILITY INDEX F RELATED TO AXIAL FORCE RATIO vial force ratio NDF: isan important flor to evaluate ductility of columns, Japenese standard states thatthe ductility index Fis 1.0, when axial force ratio exceeds 0.4 and tie interval is more tan oman. On te other hand, BNBC 93 specifies that allowable axial force of column is approximately {60% of combined stengh of concrete and re-bers. Is propose incorporating the requirement of BNBC. Incase of axial force ratio NDF. exceeds 0 and up 1006, peoposed ductility index F is 1.27 for Tow srength concrete, fiom the structural experiment by CNCKP. Duetlity index of coma wil be 1.0 incase axial force ratio exceds 0. 1) Duetlty index of flexural allure column with high ala fore rato by the experiment Simplified monotonic load-dflecion curve of two fame specimens are shown in Figure SA 3.1 Specimen 1 is low strength concrete and ail force ratio of column is 0.68. Storey deflection angle of this specimen at ultimate capacity Re i estimated as approximately 1/100. Specimen 2012-Nos is ‘crdnary concrete and axil force rato I O44. Storey deflection at yield deformation R, is estimated as spproximatly 100, (Note: Ihe deflection in Japanese Standard is used its 1/150.) In this condition, Ductity Indexisealeated a follows PT ‘TG OAT) F= 1.27 iscalealated (= appro. 1/100, specimen 2012-N0S, Roy approx. 1/100, specimen No.1) sae Tel Sond Note: Ri Stary deflection angle = Horizons defection (mm) Storey height (1,175mm) Figure SA 31 Simplified Monotonle Load-Deflection Curve of Two Frame Specimens 19Supplement A 2) Axial force ratio N-D-F_> and Ultimate story defection angle Ieis general understating that ulmate defection angle seduced in case that ail force ratio NDF. ‘exceeds 04. Experimental study of ultimate defection elated to axial force aio andshea reinforcement ‘ato of elim by the J. Standard introduced in Figure A 3.2 end SA 3.3. hwo for eres ce ie le "aaa fe tom gare SA32_Inflonc of All Force Rat (by the Data > 028 (Commentary Figure 1.253 af the ia on + tives he 1 evinces feomters Sen cheno 1 Axial ce ation Figure SA33 Influence of Sear Reinforcement Ratio and Interval o Tie under High Axil Force of Clam (Commentary Figure 124 ofthe Standard)Supplement. A 3) Relation of Deflection Limit and Axial Force Ratio Deflection member angle limit snd vctility factor eelated to axial force rat is introduced by RC structural design code 2010, Japan (Souee: shies Insti of pn, "ta Clase CodeRed Conte See 20107) Cam a sas (O97 S69 pnt.) camnme ioae (a9 Po S308 penta (CcerecJem p28) 911,000 = 11 i : i z 00 a Ls iy Where, 2 Deteson init meber angle ai oe oo 1: Gar san ocolun dep D al foe’ eto ten yy Campsie stengh of eoneee [Aosmin oempresive roar i : A hae Aa ce ‘igure SA34_DecillyFasor an Asal Force Rei Relaon (Commentary Figure M8 above ABD) 161Supplement A SUPPLEMENT A¢_ DUCTILITY INDEX F AND DEFORMATION CAPACITY OF COLLIN A. Ductlty Index of Flexural Faure Column “The ductility index ofa flexral column i calcalated by Eg, (15) o¢ (16) ofthe J. Standard based on the Imersory drift ange atthe ulimat deformation capacity in flexural fare ofthe conn. (Meese Re <& Fosovoarke Fat rms (iptncase Re 2 Ry TTR 332 et satu) Ors asoaR TR) © Wher: 2, Yield detonation ner finer storey dif ngs, which in principe is taken a, “1/150, y= Sunrise it ange conespeding tthe tiie ofthe see al), As 1250. er = Iterstorey drift angle athe ute deformation capacity in flexural fre ofthe column member, cathy Ea, (AL 2-1 inthe Supplementary Provisions 12(, In the Sundar, eation (16 is itradiced and explained fom the estiation of weiner response analysis. Flowing explanations shown in the Jpaneseverion of te Standard 1 Time histor nals sing eran ina model of leer ate ype fame s rering fice characteristics. 2 Relsinsip betwen maximum plastic response (= maximum response diglaement( yield ‘isplacement,C) and deity index (lsc response displacement, Cell dilcement, C3) i cated 3. Emelope cane apn th rest of parame uly, flowing equation Ske Newnac’s ution, derived. * C1/Cy=075(1+00505) EH ‘eh. scone 2282 Since Duty index = CyCy th revere of the equation, Er 1)/075% (19005 )) ‘et Sandon 3233 Incase that R/ Ris wd instead of en equation (16 is dive I emp hat Rt the interstrey dit angle atte ult deforaton capacity in exualalueo he Olu she eit snl at tsp inthe loo defen curve, nd the negative slope region arte pak wil nt be crated fr ‘The relation of Cet for, and Duty index, F, of equation (16) is shown in Figure SA 4.1. The range of F< 2.0, which s general cas, is shown fr convenience Following suposton on ultimate defections inthe Standard is included inthe Figure. Yield storey deflection angle of standard column = 1/150 Untimate storey deletion angle of shear failure wall= 1/250 “timate store defection ange of extremely brite coma = 1500 182Supplement A Equation (15) whch nds xu clu of es than 150 sear recluse. (150) (125) EO ay HEED gy (HE) “ a | =n cane Rice henes ie eet Indes, F Lao 40 20 Desiliy Fairy Figore SA 4.1 Relation of Duetlity Factor and Ductity Index According to equation (16), dutty index F= 127 in case of Ra ~ 1150 corresponding 0 p= 10.18 seid in the Stand tht this value of lexaral flue column, 1.27, i easonable compared with F= 1.0 Of RC shea failure wal, 1 x —— Seitiemrese, nee iieaom | é | oe | | ez x eT vei ‘Figure SA.42_ Comparion of Result of Tne History Anlyis and Response Prediction (Commentary Figre 33.3.8 of the J Standard) 163Supplement A ‘Commentary Fgure3.33-8 of the J. Standard shows the Comparison of result of time-hstry analy and response prediction. Coniios of the analysis are s follows. Reoring force characteris i “Takeda model”. Damping constant is 2%. Respoase shear force cefiient Ci eakulted based on init siftes and period T, Input earthquake is sandardized a SOkne. The rato of yield stiffs and ‘laste tines i 03, and the rato of erack strength and yield strength i 0.3. (Te-0.55T Ti 05, 075 Losec). The envelyping curve of the result shows that similar evaluation is given even if diffrent analysis methods ar provided. B, Ulimate Deformation Capacity of Column Ive story dit angle at the ultimate deformation eapocity in exural fire ofthe column member (Rae ie cleulated by Ea iAL 2-1) a flow Rene = (hie) Rag > Roe (AL2-1) Ten ints Tn case cet height of column, ho, is equa standard clear height of eohimn, Hh, 1.0, and Ru Bow Roa Bayt ag Bin (A122) tse Where ‘hy Clear beghtof col, ‘Hy ~ Sana clear ght ofcoluna fom boom ofthe up for beam oop ofthe lower sla, Ray = Yield rit angle of column (measured in clear height of column), specified in the section 13 of ‘Supplemennry Provisions of the Stndsrd. Roe” Defame athe timate sual svength of skin (measurdin the eri of oan). ‘Rey = Plastic i anle of the column (exsured inthe clear height of column), specified nthe seston 1.20) of Supplementary Provisions ofthe Standard -Ryo= Standard dit angle ofthe column (measured inthe cleat height of column), 130 eso= Standard intstry dit angle, 1250, ‘The plestic dit ange ofthe coh ay calculated by the following equations, Rep =10(. Oye Qne Ah. 20 (8123) ies sedad 4 LO for 100mm 2 fors> Ona (A124) thet sede Where: Qu~ Ukimate shear strength ofthe column, called with Eq. (AL.1-2) in principle Ou.= Shear farce atthe tina Nexus] scength ofthe column, Te ges moment capacity shill ‘be used ander the working axial force, in ease axial force of column is groaer than the ‘balanced axial force 5 = Spacing of hoops. As shown inthe above and Figures SA 43, the allowance of column agains shear file wil decide the lati eit angle and drift angle theultimate flecral strength of column accordingly. 164Sepplmeta inate defomaton a (0, ig Figure SA 43 Relation of Ukimate Deformation Ray and Allowance agatst Shear Fallure 0. 1 Qn in ease of g =I. .Re-=VIS0 (067%) Upper Limo the Drift Angle of Flexural Columns ‘The upper limit ofthe deft angle of lexural column Ryu i calculated with the following equations, in Principle. These are hs fctor that affects the dociltyof columns Baw = tin Rea Rei, Rent Ratna} (A125) Teh sinine Resi) upper imi ofthe di angle of the Mlexurl column determine bythe axial force; Raw) = Row fr? 2, tan 2€8s'| 22) chy protease (a2 che Wee Toate) ropes ‘n= 0.25 and ny=05 for = 100 mm, 5s interval of ou hoop (ie). sne= 0.2 andy 0.4 for > 100 mm Its typical tha: $> 100mm fr existing buildings tn Bangladesh, ny 04 is wed generally. yi axial {oree rato, anda column of axial force ratio exceeding 0.4, upper limit of dit ange become is which i 17250, and ductility index F = 1.0 acordingly. There ae some columns designed that exceeds 04 of axial force ratc by BNBC 93. I spite of his requirement ofthe J. Standard incorporating the condition ‘ofcolumn design by BNBC 93, it wil be allowed that dutty index up to 1.27 fo low strength concrete ts shown in the Supplement 3 (Proposed Ductlity index F related to axial fre ratio) inthis manual Dusty index of colunn exceding 0.6 willbe 1.0 (1250) Its noted that duly index in the range: of r= 03 will be 03 or less. Relation of Axil ore rao and upper init of Duct index i shown in the Figure SA 43, 165leet Fy 09 (16) oF 5), J and (A126) fhe Standard Proposed F +127 fr low strength concrete Ductity index F ea lan the Standard 02 aa as Dalal force ratio, 7= WADE. Figure 84 44 Relation of Axlal Force Ratio and Upper Limit of Dusit ou! upp lit ofthe if ange ofthe flexural column determines bythe shear Fre; Ros = Ro fore > 02 ‘outs = Roo for other ease (A127) Te ot ‘Resi: wperliitof he ei angle ofthe xual cluna deine bythe nile enforcement ras; Bouio= ow for py 13%, refer to Supplement 4 of Evaluation Maul Fou” Ras for ober case (ALG8) Tenants ‘ew Upper imi ofthe drift ange ofthe Nexurel column determine by the spacing of hoops; Boats Rae fords 8 Rout) *ofia for othe ease (A158) neon ‘oat wpe lini of he di angle ofthe flex coln deterined ty the lest eit, Rnt= Bay for /DS2.0 Rat = oy footer case (A1210) ted mint Where: =Colunn width D = Colin depth hg = Clear height ofthe column, F, = Compressive strength of concrete 1N, = Additonal axial force of eolumn due to earthquakes. Co Shea stress at the column strength, =i 0. hh 2-9 Qu = Shar force athe ultimate Aexualszength ofthe column. Qu. = Ukinate shea strength ofthe column, calculated wih Eq (411-2). j= Distance besween he conzid ofthe tension and eompreston fre, Defi vali 8-D. r= Tensile enforcement a0 (), = Spacing of hoops. ‘4,=Diameter ofthe flexural enforcing bar ofthe cok, Bo ~ Standard drift angle ofthe colume (measured inthe lear height of column), 1/280, ‘Rea Standard dif ange of te column (measured inthe lear beg of cola, 1/50, ‘fin ~ Standard dei ange ofthe column (measure in the clear beg of column), 1/30, ‘The upper limit ofthe dit angle ofthe flexural column R max say be increased bated onthe special inspection or study, incase that the column has enough hoope a a esuk of seismic strengthening fe. 166Supplement A - , Dectlty of Column with Hoop (Fie) of 90 Degree Hook [Above explnatons of A, B, and C are based on columns with hoop (ti) of 135 degree ook. If 90 degree hook is used, some reduction of the ductility will be required. Thee is no clear data for this condition. Tentative ide ito reduce shear reinforcement ratio to 0.5P, (reduce to hal), incase of 9 ‘eqree hook, ad evaluate ductlity index F accordingly. 187Supplement 2) Axial Force of Column and Deformability Axial fre ratio» ~ N(b+ D+F) isan important factor that affect the deformability of olumas, ogeher with the allowance against shear failure. NM interaction curve and rlaed stain diatbution of column, section is shown in Figure SA 5.2. High aval force rato; Region B shows tat esionr-bar wll not ye, ad low dutty of the section (vember is suppose Medium axial fore; Region C shows that tension r-bars will yield, and resonable ductility ofthe section (meme) are supposed tis requested to contol ail force ati inthe region C whichis ot lager than 0.4 case of edinary shea reinforcement of column Ifthe coneree is low strength cones this exe force ratio wl become high, andthe ductility wil be ited af moment ete £ ‘Sra ium of ste stuinatesuge FigureSAS2 Axial Force of Column and Deformability Source: Architectural Instinae of Japan, Kanto Branch, "Design of Earthquake Resistant Srutures, Chapter $Reinfored Concrete Structure, (ht Japanese)” x70Supplement SUPPLEMENT A6, COMPARISON OF FLEXURAL AND SHEAR STRENGTH OF COLUMN [BETWEEN JAPANESE CODE AND BNBC 1) Flexural Swength of Typical RC Column (Comparison between Japanese Standard and BNBC93 was made Example, a Main: 8220m 9 Size: 5D ~ 400mm * 400mm, Clear spn lent: 2,400, Te: 10 Main bars: 82mm 9 (P)=0.712%), Vie strength 400N/mm" Concrete ster: 14Nin’, Nim (Tie: Loma 150(P, 0.262%), 200(P, =0.196%), 250(P, ~0.157%), Yield strength 280N nm) Axial fore rao: (GDF,)=0,02,04,06,0.8, 10 a)F= Now oor | 08 remetartrar—"08 Aria ceri, Be er ee he ee ee) b= 9N'mn? om momma” Flexual Seog : Figure SA 6. Comparison of Flexural Strength of Column mSoppement A ‘Ulimate Fesural Strength of Column by Japanese Standard Fellowing equation of the "Standar™ was applied (o) Teun Gexara seth ous al be eee Wit AI. (oo oo ol gtr) (ct oemm Oa,0,-D404N-D Tm sso aun “Toul eet ection ae fei infiring br nt). Tale tonal ae Of mifig hr (ne) ~ Cota wit em), = Column dept (a). ~ Yel sengh of infringe (in?) Congreve eng oeanete We) Flexural Moment Calculation Procedure According to BNBC-93 [See-.34,Part-6] ‘Maximum axa oad in column For members with te enforcement conforming to see 8.1104 nas) 0804 [085F Ardy) +fAa] 65 07 for tied column ‘Ag ~ Gross eos sectional area of column A= Tea arc of mai reinforcementSepplement A For column subject to bending end axial fore we usually take the suport of Software. Following are the criteria fo interaction diagram nan Og men lems #4) \—_— Figure 62 Typieal Column Interaction Diagram Point A: Point of pure axial compression. Maximum allowable axial oad Associted moment Point B Maximum allowable axial lad = py ‘Associated moment = iM. Poin: Point of balanced conditions, when the compressive stn in concrete reaches (0.008 andthe tensile ses in tel reaches simultaneously ~ oo Axial oad = 4M ‘Associated moment Point: Point oftanition from a compression ‘member (9 0.7 fried column, = 0.15 for ‘spiral colin) to exual member (9 = 09) Axial oad ~ te. Associted moment 4M, Foi + Point ofpure eure ‘Axial ood ° ‘Asocited moment = 4M 18th Caleutation of Typeal RC Colom Comparison of shea strength of RC column betwen Japanese code and BNBC 93 was made- Example sume section used forthe exer strength, Size: 400m = 400mm, Clear span eng: 2400r, Main bars: 8-22mm 9 (Pt= 0.7129), (Yield strength 400Nimm’) Conese stent: 14N/m, Nm, ‘Tie: 10mm 150(P, = 0.262%), 204. ~0.196%), 2501, = 0.157%), Yield strength 280m? Axial force: NDF, =0,02, 04, 06,08 (shear fore by leur strength) = 2M, a= M,/1200 (half of ele span length) a) Fo1aN eu = NODE, | Shear ce by [Shear sregth ON) Flargh 08) [TeaPe an Sar Tele [INC [ene [BBC [1 we” [ NBC —[ cee [BBC a CT 62st fraser [9s —[ ra) [mos | 64 [air —fuis qs [29 [atte fer oe 86 [mass [360 ares) [ae — aan oa [ir fre —[300 [ate sy [ae bres faa) [Note 1) Incase of NDF ~ 0.6 and 0.8, 2,= GN was wed as upper iit for Japanese code. 2) Maximum allowable ail a firth seston 0.776 DF by BNBC, incase @ far is wed. 3) Strength reduction fctr 0.85 was used forthe shear stengh ealeultion by BNBC. The values shown n parenthesis with ed color are without strength reduction factor. ) f= 9Nias NODE, | Saristy | Seararmh Fel seugh (ah) [ Tete 7 ane | e007, oe [ASO =O ‘Lee [exc [T.eote [NBC [code [ BNBC [ends [BNC ra [say [ode [144 09) | wou | 5.035) [e199 | HOLaH eo [rows [arc [s | sass) —[ oss) [11 095) [8 139) 9 owns) [sci [19 ax) | sm) —[ 5 wea) [aera sca ise [1as7) [ieee [167 99) | 1520) | ws tm) [46(95) [CSA] ws [ seca [rear [15 200) [132009 [154 tay [14640559 [91 155) [Note 1) Strength reduction facior 0.85 was usad forthe sirengih ealcalaton by BNBC. The vales ‘shown in parenthesis with rd eolor are without strength eduction factor. 2) Japanese Standard covers concrete not lest than 13.5N/m®. Reduction factor K; is appli for Tow strength conerete in ths Manuel The values shown in parenthesis in Japanese code ae without reduction factor, und raduced value sued for comparison incase of low strength concrete, Ele lE|RE muSoplament A 43) Comparivon of Shear Strength af Typleal RC Column 2) = 1¢Nimm? ‘Shear strength without reduction factor of BNBC 93 is shown, Shear strength at higher axial force ratio specaly low shear reinforcement ratio of lapanese codes higher tan those of BNBC 93, Shear atenth ON) ‘Shea eifrceret ratio (p%) ‘Shear sength without redstion fctor of BNBC is shown. Reduction factor fo low strength concrete K ( 0.0564; 0.244~= 0.748) applied fr Japanese code, and there is lear difference, and willbe safety Side, Refer to K;of Section 3.4 far information ‘Shear strength N) 028 O8 Figure SA.63 Comparison of Shear Strength of ColumnSupplement A 4) Ulmate Shear Strength of Column, By Japanese Standart Following equation ofthe "Standard" was applied. (Uinta seg cols sale alee with (1-2). = {09588708 99s fea eats) 6-7 4-2) The oft enracrones o8 alsa Teste oo Sf ee Vi sere fear efing bar (i?) ce fal eminem) 4 = tienes otesns DStom my tens 6) <—N = serpent vent abe Moa <20 A= Gerteonerosctnn 7 = oc eve etl tt ome es tt ‘le i080, 1» “Wid of column (nam) (Ife va of MQ) an any fer hn 3,0 ve of 840) ‘beni o especie in ig Eq (AL. 12) Anite abe ©, ere an Ninn hao hl EM ming (AL. Shear Strength Calculation Procedure According to BNBC-5 [See-6.2.7,Part-6 Design fr shar shll be based on nse Yanet, Where, and 6=0.85 For members sbjet to axial compression, in addition to exureand shear , ve=o.7|1 +0073 I7bya ae Axial oad «= distance fom extreme compression iver tothe eentod of tse reinforcement ‘A-~ Area of shat reinforcement within distances ‘5 Spacing of shear reinforcement 176Supple SUPPLEMENT A7, SHEAK STRENGTH OF BEAM COLUMN JOINT Shear suength of beam column joint sample calcuaions based on Japanese code and BNBC93 are shown below 1) A Study Based on Japanese Design Guldelines Architetural Insite of Japan, “Design Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Reinforced Concrete Buildings Based on Inelastic Displacement Concept” is used for sample calculation Shear strength of beam column joint is caleulatedssing following equation, VK F,-D, (831) Design Guidelines) ‘Where, x: Coefficient bythe coniguation of beam column joint eo 10+ ype k= O7F ype k= 05 Lope fe Adjustment coefficient with without eethogona beam (9 LO wih onhogonal beam a oth side (9 085 oer eases ‘Standard strength of shear at beam column join xo"? (Wm) ‘ay: Compressive strength of conrete _,: Coun depth or horizontal projected length of 90 degree bending re-bar bis effective width of beam, b= brs (632) ‘Where, is beam wid, bis smaller value of 8/2 and DA, an bi isthe parallel distance fom beam furface o edge of elim, and D is column dep, 1) Shear force at beamvolumn yield (Design shear fee) Worse, 16, =H =TAT = (993.9) ‘Column shear force ¥. Beam faire, (xp83.2) Where, MM Flexural moment of beam at en of bam “EL: Beam span length at each side LL: Beam cle span length at each side 1, L/: Column length at upper and lower side (Column fire, yo? Me t Where, = clear length of lumSupple A Figure SA 7.1 Shear Force at Join (Fie, 83.1 of Desien Guiteline*» Figure SA72Plsarl Moment of Beam an Cla FgureSA73 Clasiatnn of fesm Calms Joist (Fig 832 of Design Goines) be a 3S Wataroca fe tind bi, Figure SATA Bifcive With Jolat (Fig 83.3 of Design Guidlines) i —a—ret 0 aan of ele FigureSATS_Sheae Strength o Joint, which Caste Sher Fare (sign Guideline’, Paper by Prot Mort, others) * Design Gudeines fr Earthquake Resa! Reinforced Coerete Buin Based a Late Dispcerent Cont Sour Arciccral Instat of npn 18Sopplement Example member (pea! midis buliing) | som | Mei 22am Column section, 400mm: 400m, in 8-22, Beam section, 300mm S00, tp main bar $20mm, bottom 3-20mm, SA ‘Yield strength 400N/mn ae Concrete sueagth:F,= 14kNinn, = 9kNimn? Storey beh rm ‘Column span: Sm 00m Hsin: 5200 9 [Example calelation one vay direction ony has ben evaluated at here 0 9p), 0.7 pe) 10,085 F=08 0B" (Nin!) 8 140= 0,846.34 = 5.07 (FLAN) = botbu tba = 300+ 50224502 = 380mm wi] 19 ORSTD mm | oss 10 roared @ area Ivars socrtopl ten) | ormeto le-oneia 6 | Beamiinge st [eneiw (ope eabogmalbem) fe-07,9-085 [Bama a poneio (bape sarge ben) ge Shea sent of beam cola jist 1 Coeficien:by the configuration of beam column joint ‘ Adjatment coefficient with withou orthogonal beam Ys Shear force at bean column hinge Formation Standard strength of seat a beam columa joint 2:72Nimn assume equation Ycan be epi for low strength concrete, Tan) [STAR 1,00) [i a F dro pemineH-0409 | neta comming a0 * fi wee emi =0400 [Se ganna omg 08) 56 et aa 30 emi a oar FetsNima605Ninm? Tee 80, Tr Tam] oo 7 7 Pom] (9p rbogonal ean) Baume SDA" Jair | rato 10 Colmetane 2-08 apa Ta ri [RET Capt rigs) sembierte nnn [ty | eats Comat 5-08 | [teat sr [ie Cap nt rtig08 [at — [Baar oma Cane meepttem | Column flexural suength, 28 mH 08), 2AM 06, ABRLNL-O ') Shear Strength of Beam Column Joint F.kNia Fix 08:08" (Winn) 08-14" =0806 34 = 5078", 1eNme) Maree Fib/Dy 0-0 85:5.0750>400~ 603K (422.318, nase 07) 9X, sae sa eqn an Bap er low sng cone. i= 08e08"" (Wom) = 0,8%9"" = 0.86.34 = 3.72KN/mm? pe meonrbb, 19 20 85:3. 120>400~ 44K LO, nase 180Sopplenet A ‘Shear Force at Beam/Column Yield (Design Shea Force) ¥ VTC SCN TITY, (Golan 83.1) Beam faire, Columa shar force V; renter te) (ort aes Y= 251151) «504630 = 146s 2515 046 Cotuma fire, 2M L (lee length of column) RN, + p=) Flexural strength of beam My 0.8%a%0,xD 251KNm(5.20m09) =1S1 Nm B-20mm9) ‘Flexural strength of column, red on previous calelation of Supplement 6 (6M) 4TKNen <2 MLL 2253025607 Nem N=O4DDF) Beam binge < 29502 as Bear hinge > 15-39% OR ——_Colur binge (096437 =091) Shear force when beanveolumn yell F,1aNimn? erry, (28 (S920) +377 (3-920) 146 Meis eluted as N= 04D, © éito )-146 06 x aio 091-132 08 =1005- 146 1005-146, is. 132 ~ BSOKN> 6OBKN (Vn, shear strength of joint of ype) 8591603 859 > m3 > Incase of ype (Beam hinge) ¥= 628-91 = 587 >4224N (Vy shear stengh ofjoint of type) 371422. sar 42, shea failure, aLSuppers A 2) Study on Beam-Columnn Joint According To BNBC 93, (General requirements Joint shear capacity shall be checked for special moment fame (SMF) only. Duriag joint shear calculation 25% over strength (1257) of beam main rebar i considered. Strength reduction factor (@ (85) due o shear sal also be implied. Jin shear capacity is also calculated for without over stength of rebar (1.06) and without strength reduction factor (# = L.0) for comparizon with lpanese method. Clean eli shown in the parenthesis, |A member that fames into 2 face is considered to provide confinement to the joint if at lest thre. quarters of the face of the joint is covered by the framing member. ETetive joint area (4) i shown inFigues Figure SA 7.7 Jolnt Shear ree Body Diagram [Maa Mad + on Maa Figure SA16. Fee ody Diagram of Colum Use Colm Shae Fa watben)soas ‘Figure SA78_ Definition of Beam-Columa Dimension 182‘Tensile Force of Beam Rebar, Tam $2314 «125 * AD0= 785 KN (628KN) Tran 323146125 «400 471 4N GT68KN) Joint Shs for = 14 MPa For top bar, a= $:3141.25-400 (0 8514300) = 220m (176m) $0, My. = 8 = 314>1.28>400 (40 — 2202) = 227650 kN-mam (196000 KN-mm) For bottom bar, "= 323141 25+400/(085*14>300) = 132mm (105) 0, Me y= 3*31421 25400 (40 ~ 13272) = 176150 KN-ma (145900 KN) ‘Beam end shear ~ (227680 + 176180) (5000 400) ~897.8 KN (743.3 KN) oa = (221680 + 176150 + 87785400) 3000 = 146.1 EN (123.8 N) So, Joint force if beam hinge form Vj 785 6 471-146,1~ 1109.9 (881 KN) Joint Shea for f= 9 MPa For top bar, a= 3 »314%1.25:400/ (085+9:300)~ 342mm (273.6) 0, My a= 53141, 25 400 (400 ~ 32/2) ~ 179760 kN (165300 KN) For bottom bar, a? =3,314x1,25:400/ (0 859-300) = 205mm (164.2) So, Me™ 3*314%1.25 400 (400 208/2)= 158960 kN-men (134900 kN) ‘Beam end shear = (179760 + 158960) / ($000 ~ 400) = 736.4 KN (652.6 N) Vas = (179760 + 158960 +7364» 400) 3000 = 122.7 KN (1088 KN) So, Joint fre if beam binge form j= 78S + 471 1227 = 1138.4 (896 KN) Shear Stengh of Joint ‘Shear sength capacity ofthe ot shal not be gente han as specified below — 1x 166017 ori confi on fu sis 1.266 {fc oft on ties 0 opi es 06 {ie -4 forotbers Since 0.75 «400 (coum wit) «30 (bea wid), s the joints conned Since the beam passes though the centre ofthe columns = 400mm = 400m “4, =400 » 400 = 160000? 14 MP 844.7 1 (0938 2 for joint confined onal four sides '=€81.02N (742.4 4N) fr joint confined on three faces orto opposite faces 508.8 KN (598.61) for others ', 185= 505.9 kN (595.2 kN) fr joint conned on tte fees 0 wo opposite faces = 408.04 (480.0) fr oters ‘ot Type | doin Capeciy, | Cohn Axil | out Fore, (6N) [rr ese | naseio [repemtcer| oem te ¥ ama Ts ome Be aaron E we ToT oe) — 8 = “7575 (881 Ta) oa I aT ; [erway ora) Sn Ce ore) os eae ay owe oo pee r aT Team ma > mo vm nt ofan. TAT = ' marae a ae pee 06 maa |x [owas cent oF Pm Ys m5) con dae a a |. Caleulaton result shown in the parenthesis is for Japanese method within main bar and = 1.0 184Supplement A ExisoMts Tate [ol [os 7 imag Foca [repent ca fe ss Faas fos] aaa) ime a fee fins f= Taam) al a ed + 505.9(5952) | O4 T3306) | * 045 (0.66) Dee 08 1333 (896) | = “048 (066) vo = cereale Tan ara Go oa i | te | 06 frase ay cogs or TanGes_|= aseciaiy aay Jos rans « aa Wot foe asa [sro co reas co) Nas 1. Caleltion result shown nthe parenbeis fo Japanese metho within main bar and 3) Summary [A sample calelaton of strength snd design shear force for beam cola joint was done using Japanese ode and BNBC for comparzon. The result sows similar trends of shear file t beam column oi, ‘specially in cae of ow strength coneret. ‘Beam Column Jit, 1. Shearatength of int i ffted by conert stent nds ropionl to the sie eet with and column ah ts ey ease shea alu incase of sal coun (eth. 2, Shear fire ie cary to occur, incase thatthe quantity (Area of beam maie-bar » yield strength of reba) is big ad size of joint is small. Seengih will decrease if sear fare or deterioration of the ‘bond of main-br ores, From the sample calculation, 1. Shear fulure athe joint easy to ose, in eae flow conerete strength. 2. Shear flare of the jon is easy to occur, in ease of + type joint compared with F type joint, adjoint without ohogenal beam, 23 lnc hit la lb i ignord,thre i ference of beam hinge and ech hinge formation by ‘he column segth cue to axial force ratio (Nb DF.= 04, 06,08), but thei no cleat difference of shor fore a the join, 488ement A ‘Countermeasures, Incase of low strength conete (F< 13.SN/mm or sal size column i wil be roqied to evaluate ‘shear strength of joint end shear fre of joint when beancoluma inge cosas fo typical members. 2. I te failure of the joint i supposed, the reduction of stength of frames by 2" evel screening, which ‘suppose column flue wll be considered. 3. thas been sid thatthe starey deflection ange wil be R10 when shear faire of beam col Jota occurs. 1s ecommeated to provide strength oresedrevont such a5 RC ified wall 2nd sce famed brace to reduce sorizonal defection of frames. (All, Chapter 6 Recommendtion of assessment for beam column joint, “Seismic Design of RC Structure after the Hanshin. Awaji Eartguake Disste, 19987, writen in Japanese) Story deflection angle willbe controlled, in ease of shear failure type RC infil wall, which is R-1/280 (F=1.0), an in ese of tel fame brace which ig R=I/124~(F =13-) Is resonmended ‘to comirol storey deletion angle within 1/124 (P=1.5) or les in case of low strength concrete 186Supplement A ‘SUPPLEMENT Af, COMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CALCULATION OF ‘STEEL BRACE BY JAPANESE GUIDELINES AND BNBC ‘Comparison between lpanete Guidelines and BNISCP3 was made Example Sie: #-200°200-812 (4 = 63 Som, W = 49 9k/m, i 8.62em, > 5 2em (rads of gyration) oh momen of inert, C260 130%12 (4 =59.52em, W = 46 Sky, 510.12, 3.960, Bifestiv length 800m for, and 3,600 fr 2,2001mm for (and 400mm fori, Mater: F348 inn? (Checkin (ads of gyration), and slenderess aio then strength evaluation ‘Table SA 81 Comparison of Compresive Strength of Stel Brace Tse [W200 20012 C2130" Yeah eae seg) a) me |e jemac| [Rs __panac (em | cote | ei) | 08) (nm) |e Ok) | 08) an), on) 39 [ee fame [3ia7 Poor [85 [ise [ues [TE | sor 356) amy, vu [ay [as [ane Pn wa foes Ps canis, | 888 | 2 089 “ae [39 [ais [son fuser [se sora fa [IO Par ise 1s) a0 [aes fee [aso fs [SS] [Tw Pear | cw) ane, [Note ) Critical compressive stress was calculated by Japanese code. See Figure 8. 2) Buckling strength using LRFD method for sel section by BNBC 4) Strength reduction factor 0.8 was use forthe tenth calculation by BNBC. 4) Inside of () shows the value by BNBC without redvtionfatr. 5) Seton aroa A = 620m’ was used fr H-200°200>8>12 by BNBC, ‘Compressive Strength of Stel Brace bythe Japanese “Guidelines for Selmi Retrofit” Limit ompressive stress of steel bracing is calcalatd as fllows Foab-oatniat hr er 280 Bane LoWDSEARIAY for 228 Yo ~ Limit compresive ses Nm A= Limitaspecteato (n= Vie EVORFD). F = Speciedsrenyh of seeknm). B= Young's modal of tal (Nim?) [Nate:1) Above “Aspect ati wil also be expressed by “Slenderes ati". 187Sopplemen A ‘Stendernes ratio is expresedby effective length /adus of gyration of ¢ member. 2) °F value” willbe specified yield strength of ses (Nima, F= 34SN a 3) Compressive strength eluted by, ={1-04FIQ/A)}eveton as of epee member. 4) Incase of F= 345Nimm?, A willbe FF Ensomaa 35) =98.9 mi campesive se 0mm Senet Figure SA8.1_Limit Compresve Stress of Steel Bracing by Japanese Guideline ‘(Note:The iden of Euler's late bucklng ses isthe basis and the range between 0.6, (yield stress) ‘0 is approximated bya parabolic curve considering yield stress, unavoidable eccentricity and residual seas ee) ‘Buckling Strength of Stel Column by BNBC (LRFD) ‘CALCULATION FoR BI BNBC9S-Chapter 10, Part 6 a; nominal compressive strength (kN) 4-085 Pe= 0001 AF, For Asis Fe (0680)5, 4a AL IP E ForA> 15 retAp= gross area (mim) Fctitcal stress (Wimmn’) (©. existance factor for compression {column slenderness parameter 1 actual unbraced length of member (nm) ‘radius gyration (rm) K-eective length factor fr prispatc member -E~modulus of elasticity of tle (200:000N'mmn") ‘F-~speifed minimum yield stored ofthe typeof te being use, (Nin) Esample Sesion: H200"200%812 & €260"130"12, 2 Leng: 18¢0mm for and 3600 for in 2200men fr iy a 400 fri 3 RAMS Ninn 4. £-200000 Nim! A Area ofthe section ‘Ly Ly Effective length in X and Y direction ft, Moment of inertia in X and ¥ direction no {cov | os [ou [ota | oe [me [ [| [|e | ae Fits at stm maar eb Dae ae Pat eer a ae aS [Nae 1) Stengih eduction factor 085 was applied HoriontalStisines of Ste! Brace Simplified caleultion of horizontal eli sins of tee race only shown blow. “arizona defection of sel brace i 8, then elongation of braces AS = eos8 Horizontal force is P then force of brace is P= Pi cosd Lagi of brace, sation area is A, Yong's Modul it her E=(PaIA) (SS) 8)= PS! (AS cosBcos8)=PL( Acs) cae L/S Horizontal stifines Kis expressed by, BcoeW L. Figure SA 82 Load And Deflection of Ste Brace (I) 189Sopplemet A {In case tension brace and compression brat is povided ike V shape, Kis twice of above calculation, _V shape brace with eso ard congession ener, 2513051312 (A= 29.76cmx), K-= Pi 2A Bene W L= 2929.1622%20 $8000.19") 323-3,192kNem = 319.2kNinm In ease of 2L-100%100512 (A= 2-22 Sem ‘A> 241 88Nmm Sm, L=323m, 9 =4147 cos 4147-0788, Figure SA83 Load And Deflection of tel Brace (2) 190Supplement A SUPPLEMENT AB, RESPONSE MODIFICATION FACTOR AND OVER-STRENGTH FACTOR Response muifestion factor R and over strength factor Qo used forthe calultion ef design sisi load i indicated in ASCET-10 and UBC. value is shown in case of reinforced conerse moment frame inthe Table SA9,1. Overstength factor of3 is taken in this table, but twill be requed to investigate this value for buildings in Banglodesh, In this Sigur, the value Rd (= R/QO) wil be siniarconeet and ‘an be compared with Ductliy index F of Japanese code ‘Table SA9.1. Response Modification Factor: Rand over-Strength Factor: Reinforced Conorete Moment Frames [ace [eae [Ro eae [Seon i) apes | sn oe a irene ones fe [55 [au [use [> [3 oor Oniay wen ere —_[35 [aa Ts fs [3 [19 Lateral Seismic Force, V Lateral Deformation (Drit), D Figure SA9.1 Inelastic Foree-Delormation Curve,‘Ler Displacement (Dif) Figure SA.9.2. Factors Aecting over Strength. ee cat ort Pt he Figure SA 9.3 ‘Typical Hysteretc Curves According to BNBC2015, Response Reduction Factor, Rand deflection amplification factor, Cis sown, in Table 62.19. Allowable Storey Drift Limit (pa) is shown in Table 62.21 for infomation. ‘Table A941 Response Reduction Factor, R and Detection Amphiteaion Factor, Co (BAF) staeees “nn pe NCIS Ta 215 Tess Rec Fac, | Dein Angi Fi [Sprites once tes [0 55 [coined enone S Onin red once ames [3 2 ‘Table $4.92. Allowable Storey Drif Limit (part). Sane wai Teno he Msc shar walrcare | 00TAg=ha/ 16S] 007A, = by Tpit Woa0h, hy 1 | WOISA, tr ‘ots: A the storey height below Level x 192Supplenen A SUPPLEMENT 410, SUMMARY OF TEST WORK Sample construction of several retrofit methods was done by CNCRP in 2011 od 20112. Outine ofeach ‘mth hasbeen introduced in Table S10. ‘Table SA 10.1 Summary of Retrofit Mettods Executed by CNCRP as “Test Wark” SE [Reto ntos Sor disain (once jcktig of | cen on eiing RC coun doe nese in sa Sarice of he smn column Fgae SD, | sipped pli us (eric hea aoe ad an coreg 1 | Met) {ne The pf the an nid wth mora ring 1 soi ahs Ings seat nd dy of oh, [RCster wal Faw [An open ane may be ly led by eile svete wal, Psi 2 | sion aetod2) | schon a ld roo ll anand ering ame Rebus a ped 5 ede hen casings oe ines seh 5 Reine a ara RC wall ed ex eiig col in sae acer sce (oe) ota ines he sent ofl ‘Selhced ne | Sele bese eed no nein LC fa Tis snare of frame) Nets | RC shawl Postini the Cane and bo ss ae rove te lame bce. The ified by mortar out god price pve 4 ‘el in ord pp Between RC fae ad tel ae we mcr ‘nls veri Te pl ep pve pling of ail moar ut eres seengh (Gate erat | Exising colin may Be phd wil cao Ther Ses inprve Oiy weaprag Cum obtener ae 5 son cease oper wrapig cecal thse spl on he sre tnd aon eis rpg ay aren Usual mec hig ge fr ocinf her [Scan skal | Si (reves) a md bvev comes dat siding wal re Si chim, ings daly of he column and my beter sbi : ‘he whale sovee Silage suporing eer ovidd ob vals > | event nearing fe wal ee [coal acl tncd | Soin wt Fame cig ined te ue of ulting fe fr fame Figue?) | acne ream seh 1 main an exsing window, Th ae | : 1) Diet comecion sng chor bok. i) lint eemecion wing gout mata wih ot inl embed bol in the ting fame and Sade se fane smal csi fr Conca kanga | Cont jkating of sig LC coe phe Bar sb wa dw. The [Reunion | proce ise s rd in Ser lua eu may {sb ewe) ‘ought ib or maybe embed suet no the member bein tet reg and ty. once int» | oper joing on exising Rte i doe wince eg and ti 9 | reamed 889) | pasiappach of wks same acing com, New amo sera | New RC hems cm be vied wie casing sb, Ts din of x bans 1p | ee Sonne cn sary W cole a bamolumn fae fr seucur resi, The bens cnt wih exiting com lib sly {aor tndomee eine waSupplement RC wing wall Caron set piesa Morte ia Meo $: Carbon Ser wrapping (Rese work sdconceting tera of Finibing mer ingot Chemis anche. sprain and grout Existing column RCshear wall Crean, spilt ed pat ‘Se red ane witha Exiting ctu Mata Stl basing Sierra at enforcement Mh 6 Soom li on rick ning wall 1stSuplement A Anchor tls, grout mortar Franed tel cing Method 7: Exteral framed sel bracag Exiting oor sab Exiting oor sb, rout mart athe ‘ep ofeslame Jacking oo Jacking xing eum ‘New beam, concreting fom oles (100) of ‘oor shad reat moe ate tp Method 8: Concrete jckating on existing column Method 10: New beam underfloor slab tnd Method 9: Concrete jacketing on esting bear Figure SA 101 Construction Methods of Test Work (Construction sequence is shown by exposing each steps of construction such as anchoring. re-bar work, concreting, ad mortar grong ee) 195Supplement A SUPPLEMENT A1J, FORMULA OF ULTIMATE SHEAR STRENGTH FOR COLUMN ‘Uioate shea strength of column is calculated by Eq, (AL. 1-2) of the J. Standard and Eq. (3.34.2) ofthe 4, Guidelines for revofited members. Background of the Eq. (A1.1-2) is exptned as follows. Ea (AL.1-2) is called as Prof. Arakava's equation. 1" term isthe factor of concrete strength, tensile rebar ‘tio and shear span mtn. 2 term i the factor ofthe amount of shear reinforcement. These are derived from a fot of experimental sti with 1200 no's specimens of beams, Then 3" erm of ail tess is intoduced by Prof Hzosawsto apply to columns, 20 { EU sew lime saieey 0) U2) 5 ganda he p= Tee tone P= Shemini, 9,-0012 be 7, 20012 fe = Medaroghtserisnin tin © * Aleta cone SAN! 4 = sede fen tm mpd = serpin vont minis 8. MI0-@) = 30 A= Omer cane = Ditunce beeen cents of ain an comprion fare, su sales D8D, = Width ofcolumn (am) ‘heat sng uf tenis expressed by me fllowing formula tom experimental stuies, Coficient 2.7 1nd 180 ofthe formula is converted to 0.85 and 18 respectively det the unt change from (glen?) 10 (Nim) Then basic frm ofthe Eq (A112) was derived Qu, Bhs tlio F) me. +20 wey tea satay Wee ‘t, = Lower limit shear stress at shear fiilure (unit; kg/em") {8~ Cocfcient to provide lowes valu from the experimental eu, 0.092 i used ‘= Modification coeicien by the sizeof section, 070i sed = Modification coefciea by tease reinforcement ratio, fy = 082 P,? Following Figure SAIL shows the relationship between experimental values and analytical values on ‘kite shear strength of beam for ordinary concrete. Horizontal axis is MC (rato of sear spn length wai to effective depth, simply calls shear span rato). Vertical ais is of concrete strength (co) ofthe specimen i 1 4-79. 196erent A Figure SA 111 Relationship Between Experimental ‘Shear Strength of Beam for (few 13. Sado Cain fe Following Figure SA11.2 shows a recent analytical study of he evaluation of shear stent for columns. ‘Shear sength s evalsted a he summation of strength by beam mechanism and arch (rss) mechanism, This isan example of analytical approach and fr information only, Figure SA 1L2 Shear Resistance Mechanism by Prof. Wakabayashi and Prof Minan\'s Equation Pot Kino Pt MASc pp es Pact ew eg fa RC ment pig pa ey Nea. astSUPPLEMENT B. SUPPLEMENT BI, EARTHQUAKE DAMAGES OF BUILDINGS, 4) Srctural damages, Japan Main causes of collapse are shear file of short columns, regularity such as soft storey, et. In Japan on-stucrral wails such as sling walls are RC was and not brik walls ti 10 be noted that constriction quality including concrete strength is generally satisfctny. Cale of 28 sory and ther weak portion Shear flureof RC columns (4) Damage of RC Builings by jyogoterNanbu EQ, (Kobe) 1995 199Supplement 5 b) Non stracurl damages, Tukey Damage and fll of non-structural element such as brick wal wil cause nan causaitis. ‘Ovrumingot ck itll op fit bk wall Fale fl bk wat (0) same Damages of Now structure Elements ) Biling Services Damages (WE works), Japan Building Services Damages (WIE works) ae shown, Overuming and sliding of M/E cauipment will damage the building fueton, and its recovery isnot easy Sting ofmaer nak ering ole. asfrmer__Dropof els. eablerace (Building sevice damages ) OficeDanege, pan ‘Overuring nd damage of fice future ate shown. (@ Damages a Otiet ater Earbguns, Figure $1.1 Earthquake Damages of Buildings 200Supplement ‘SUPPLEMENTB2, DAMAGE GRADE OF RC COLUMNS, JAPAN ‘Concept of structural damage grade and load deeton curve of RC coluna in Japn is shown. Five damage gras are shown 1 cata etoring work is felt at grade TV and V. evita delction Deneyegade Damage ade F ee 0 |o|4 © |4 = werden | Hotei Smeets F/O) | (a See oe Soe eel “ieee Figure SB 21 Damage Grade of RC Columns [Sore "Sunrd tof Damige nt Gens often Doge i 3 nein se 201‘Supplement SUPPLEMENT B3,_ SEISMIC INDEX OF STRUCTURE Js AND EARTHQUAKE DAMAGES Damage survey fot 700 schoo! buildings, inctoding seismic evasion of 67 buildings efter 1995 Kebe caribquake, by the Architectural Intute of Japan is shown below for information. tis noted that Seismic index of suctre J requires 0.6 and more and CSo (cumulative strength index * impurity index) requires 0.3 and more fr existing mim height RC buildings in Jepan. As shown in the Figure, 8 few buildings with J, more han 0.6 were evaluated as avy damage, which were ditty oxen arage ere incting ‘hema fs saeyer 2" eva ong econ) ” ‘ica eso oe anna waeioing fu met ofa sey 1-07 Remmi or te org rector) Break down of surveyed bllings evaluated ‘Colapae 16 Hea 17 Moderate 0 Minor, Sig = Toul [er Sauce; Arse ni of Japon, “Engane damage rip or RC ules, IS! Buln 1985 ‘ste Nb Eagle’ 97 3 agony) ‘igure SB 2.1 Seismle Index of Structure , and Earthquake Damages 202Supplement Pee Wan erences —s My vo OO ey & 7 a a i [RE hoor wt twee de (@)Abuilding, University of Tokyo. Japan (b) National Library, Tokyo Japan ae oom ™ () Gymnastic Field, Chiba Japan‘Supplement a () Medial Unversity Building. Tokyo (4) Resid bulking, Tokyo. () KC waana set ames taeng (mn) Sted taal bce of 4 school ‘uling a Edefeas,Hyog0 Figure Sm 4.1 Example of Seismic Retrofited Butaings 204Supplement B ‘Sample detail of tel framed brace (Fite, courtesy of SCA, Chiba Ofice Japan) ‘Detail of H section bracing wth tt welding connection shown. The detail propa sjot tthe improvement of fabocation kil {the rst prevention i faken by ralranied) 205,‘Supplement -yelding i sown blow for information ony Welding standard drawing Figure SB 43. A Sample of Standard Welding Detail of Stel Framed Brace 206eet B SUPPLEMENT BS, SUMMARY OF COMPARISON OF SEISMIC EVALUATION METHOD (seen cals) (separa 201 GDF [acer eee ‘Cancpt | Dingaoni, how the bldg collapse Use of Cheek st and Analyte! approach, Rest can be provided by manual exealation. lew seianeseeeing Reguiremant of heking for 3s (evel, simple calsation ‘Or the seismic Bung survey capaci rte 1 level, spying cola cola, which 81) Level af intensity (Low, Moderate, High ‘amen sl 2 Level of performance (Life suey, Immediate ee icing bam elapse, sao pose | ecapane) | roar. | Check ts asing above 1 and 2 ic and |) iting savey ‘Supplemeniry checking ered. Check tems, | 11) Casiteaton of coum (Bexurl or shear | secre, no-stetae, psapeal..Shesk ist fr | ‘olun) *arous arctre | 2) Grouping ofcourse Compinnce | Noo Conyinse Net 4) Simi Index of Stractare scaled for | Appisile_ ‘ach dein and each serey Taal I= Basic seimie index of srcure (6) | —SOMsIOR Tt relay de (5) Time Index (7) ~~ = Strength Index ()* Duct Index (P) " Gototad Ter Checking of ach cement, sich as slum bead jae Requirement: capacity ofeach ements checked ‘5 Sle Demand Index of Strctre To Das Sesmic Demand Inder of Stace (E> Zoos Inden(2) Ground Index (6) Usage [Fore control action Inge) formation cotel ation 6 dgent: Deficiency of cach element i ceckad. Each TofaandreqivenentofC/So then OK | elements, thn he sect 80K | Sie shown teste pertormunee Sed Tie, flow ASCE (31-6, Fabian), | FEMA 355, ATC40, 1 follow sew bulge (ASCET.02 15C2000) 1) Propo rulings in Dia ad Sy, | 1) Cosmas of defile vale for vata 2) | splat ew bling | Seen of Level of testy 2008 in [BNBC93, 4s in BNBC 2015) 3) Selstion of Bulag type (Coerete manent frame wi aw suengh concrete wing tik chip crore) ‘Srocal experiment, 2012) Lawatregiconcere yar dil point ange. 90 “gee bok) snd 2012 by CNCRP 3) igh ail foc tio 4) Por gst conta ses ‘oneyctah, ee) 5) Ifiled ictal. Remarks | 1) Relation of Swengih Index. Duclty ladex | 1) Niner value sch s/s NOT own ‘hows the performance ofa bung and rps. | 2) Callapee mode of he bulding 5 NOT shown 2) Data of elation betwee value und dupes | len. ‘bypst enrtiinker ia tee ecumulzed. to snes =] 207‘Swpplement B ‘Summary of Comparison of Seismic Retrofit Design (Reference only) Methodote lemons. sch ik wal Inpanese Gules, 2001 JBDPA) ‘Stength oriented, Ductiyorented and the mi is considered forthe retrft Seng sd tli ofeach revtt mabe sede Rest can be provided by mana eaten, Semi Index of Ste air eof ‘acted and compared wih Simi Dein Index Seng and Guilty evaluation of lowing meer clement 1) todd ‘Coon di exiting member nleding postinsalled anh 7) shown RC wal 2) RC eg wal 5) Colum 3.1, RC ackating, 3.2 Se plate Jmckting 33 Care ier wrapping 4) Sea tamed race 5) Baum sengtening (6 Foundation 1) Pos saled anchor 1) Evalatin of diy fr roid members gin eising low seni eneete embers 2) Consesin desl by posnetllod anchor ‘sins low seni concrete meer. 2) To contol the damage of onsnetral [ASCE 41.06 Standard (FEMA PA) Perfrmance-basedrehablain design ‘approach. Peformance ajosive sled om range of erfrmancs lees (Colapse, Colle Pevetion, {ie Sty, mediate Osepancy, a (praca any specie emi bart eve Engineering aml tase on srs of fur onions: () Linear sic prostie (2) Linear dyes procstire (6) Nonlin st rcedare (4) Nonna dynamic procedure Increasing level of fot and preter cnfdence in the desi ‘Simple reabiliaioni applicable to seu tnd nnsrctral compen in ings within 8 Specie range of bigs pes ed characteris Privat of eabiliton means, ach socal we and integaton, 1) Appin ononegineced RC bulldogs Bangles is witin te zope? 2) Judgment criteria of trance eign, ‘peal deformation itr or cepa ‘formal isnot ery each, 1) Pavtemance tsa proach wil egieBigh | level of Enger fort exertionSupplement B SUPPLEMENT B6, PROGRESS OF SEISMIC RETROFIT FORSCHOOLS IN JAPAN, Referens ony Tota S849 balding of exiting public schols have ben seme evofied, as of 2010, Japan. van ae uldiasconmtrcted shar umm WI oer ete sece ect —— ( 2atsres reacted before cate fore To net rota ‘root atased ‘surey Ress of Palo efor Selmie Retrofitting ean. for 2010 ‘Aides tify Part mings [Union ngage ‘Alu ot tity ‘lg ‘Survey Rests of Hospital for Seemio Retrofitting Ninery of abou ana alfre, on 2010 Figures SB 6.1 Progres of Selsmle Retrofit for Schools in JapSemen: ‘SUPPLEMENT BT. SEISMIC RETROFIT USING BASE ISOLATION SYSTEM, REFERENCE ONLY [An example of seismic revo using base isolation system forthe central goverment buldingin Japan shown for information. Long natural period hasbeen provided forthe building trough the nrallaton of| isolators, and dampers are alo provided to reduce the response such a displacement. Is nos that his ‘method is expensive construction whl the office can mana th unstion without evacuate, Pree Soca atpermenr— Feblejeint or psng altar. Central Government Bung No, lsolatr atthe basement Expansion Join at ground floor evel ‘Courtesy: Ministry of Lané Tanspr, Infasructre and Tourism, Japan) Figure SB 7.1 Example of Retrofit by Base Isolation System, Tokyo JapanSupplement B Maximum response restoring force and natural period relation, and maximum response displacement and taturl period relation by A) Ioltion method and B) Vibration control method are shown below. The ‘Ghnge of the response before and alr reso ofa building. which s the min cone ofthis ero, Indicated fr information only. ‘anno gouucisae asuodeoy ununen, ‘Shor period Tong prog . Natural period ce (a) Max Response etaingfere-rturalped reaton uawacerdsia seuedsay unUe sShortperiod ong pero ce Natural period ae (0) Max parse alacement roi patd daton ‘Figure SB 12. Concept of Retrofit Using Islator and Damper System anpplemen: SUPPLEMENT B8. CONCRETE CORE SAMPLING AND STRENGTH EVALUATION. 1) Preparation of concrete core sampling fr the test (1) In order to get concrete strength by compressive test, Maines and veicalty of top and boom of cored died sample i important. Two typical methods of surface tretrent have been introduced in Urnwa Laboatory-Buiding Material Testing Centr, Jann, (1) Grinder finishes by a machine, (2) Plaster Finish. Plaster nish capping method is shown at hee A cline of pla Fi clint of by material ode puss machine ect Figure SB 81 Cylinders (100mm diameter) after Surface Treatment T state ender to provide algnent Iouph theming os eset Hardened pate is 7 gs | “| cous aster of ena purpose before hardening, aoe: Mer spying acne get oo ging Figure SB 82 Typeal Sequence of Paster Finish @) An example of carbonation test of core died sample atl fn Japan Inthe case after pling the const cor, Phenolphthalcin solutions nay. te von iano plete area has ot been neutralized chemically. This test can aso be done at site, PPencphthalch solution ‘= Figure SB 83 Carbonizaton Test 22Supplement 2) Strength evaluation of sampled concrete cores i has been said that concrete svength of core sampling is lower than cylinder strength generally. Especially the ute of small diameter cores eu i lower and moee erate strengths, related othe size ofcourse aggregate (AyActas7R0 According to the See 5.1.1 of ACI 437RO3 (Suength Evaluation of Existing Concrete Builings).t has been stated thatthe average concrete compressive stenuth obtained by testing coneree cores may be divided by DAS to arrive atthe implice concrete stength value toe used in strength calculations (Bloem 1968), Is ls noted that heres the roquizemeat of sampling mumbers. (2) Comparison of strength between cylinder and concrete core by structural test 2013 CNCRP ‘Same concrete was caste for cylinder and plate with thickness of 10mm fr core sampling. Diameters ‘of core sampling were SOmm and 100emConcrete was low sregth conerete using smal size brick hips. Seng of cor sampling is shown below. ‘Table SB 81 Concrete Strength of Cores Diameter: SOmm (amet is moe tan 3 ines of couse "Height [Dameer | Gusbal [Cruel | LD recon | Careced | Average tom | om) | ta) face | seen | Nin) aa oxime) 1] sea [os [is 20 [ro [oa 90 2 fio.2 | aan 20 [ro [a9 [show [96 [isa 20 fre ter Diameter; 100m Height | Disiser”] Cried] Cred Conese] Avene (com) | om) | od ad) | sree, seeng | Nin’) | (mm iam) [rissa ar fens fos fr9 Yo afisis [3 [sso | 13 [1s _|os6 108) a [isoo [932 [a7 86 1s [096 [a3 Figure SB 84 A Concrete Plate for Core Sampling Revul of average sen of conics splinde (dinar 100na) was 10.GNiou? at 4 wees. Seng was compared. Stength of concre core was 15% lower thin cylinder stengih, (2.0106 ~ (0.84 Similar real to ACL 437 was obtained. Other statement of ACI will be fllowed, and it may tb accepted to adjust the stength of cor im Bangladesh, The accumulation of further dn wil he suggested asa4(CHAPTER 1. Figwel.L.1 Figue 112 Figure 4.1 Figure 7.1 Figure 1811 Figure 19.1 Figure 192 Figure 1.101 CHAPTER 2. Figure 2.1.1 Figure2.12, Figue221 Figure2.22 Figue223 Fiawe 224 Figuee225 Figue226 ‘CHAPTERS. Figure321 Figwre3.22, Figure 323 Figure33.1 Figure33.2 Figwe3.33 Fiawe3 41 Figure 342 Figwe 35.1 Figure 352 Figure353 Figue36.1 Figure 3.62, Figue 363 Figues.64 Figwe3.65 Figues.ss Figue3.67 Index of Figures Japanese Standard and Guidelines for Sesmi Assessment and Retrofit Design of RC Buildings, pt Difference of Expression Showing the Braver of Fame, p-3 Lead and Deflection Curves and Concept of Reto p.7 Examples of the Change of Seismic Performance of Bulngs p. 13, “Typical Flow of Refit Design p. 14 Standard Tecnica Flow of Reoit Design, p15 ‘Various Survey and Test ata Building Si, p17 Construction of revit work, p19 Cassifiaton of Rett Method Sytem forthe Seismic Improvement, p25 Recommended Revo Plan fr Existing RC Buldings,p. 26 Estimation of Required Strength of Smee Buildings, p. 27 RC Wall fr Revo, p29 ‘An Example of Stel Framed Brace, p38 Schematic Picture of Cllaps of Soft Storey (Pilot). 31 ‘Simplified Loud-Deflection Curve with Ketrot Specimens, .32 Simplified Loud-Deflection Curve with Bick Wall Specimens, p.33 ‘General Beavoe of RC Wall, p36 ‘Wall with Boundary Colum . 39 Cour and Wall Section, p41 General ebavior of Stel Framed Brace. 45 Resistance Mechanism of Steel Framed Brace, p48 Limit Compressive Stes of Ste! Bracing by Japanese Guidelines, p49 Section of Column afer Rett, p83 ‘Reduction Factor of Shes Strength nese of Low Strength Cone. 54 [Example of Use of Pos nstaled Anchors. 56 Detailed Example of Use of Post-ntaled Anchors, and Names of Parts, p. 57 ‘An Example of Ladder Type Re-Ba, p60 In filed Brick Wall, Seismic Load and Flexural Moment, p63 ‘An Example of Retrofit fr Brick Standing Wall, . 3 ‘Shear Detection of Brick Standing Wall Caused by Deflection of Frame in Plane Direction, p. 6 Pile of Bick Walls afer the Loading Ts of RC Frames, CNCRP 202 and 2013.65 Forces Acting on Equipment, . 66 Examples of Stopper, p66 Seismic Suppor of Piping . 67 asCHAPTER. Figue 4.1.1 Typical Plan of Existing Building 69 Figured.12 Plan of Jacketed Colamn, 72 Figure4.13 PlanofColuma Wing Wall, p78 Figure 4.14 Notation of Wing Wall. 74 Figure 4.1 Notation for Wing Wall, p. 75 Figure 4.1.6 Total Height of Caluma with Wing Wall. 76 Figure 4.1.7 Total Depth of Column with Wing Wal 76 Figure 4.18 Elevation of Column. 76 Figure 4.19 Detil of RC Shear Wall, p. 78, Figure 4.1.10 Section of RC Shear Walp. 78 Figure 4.1.11 Plan of Cabo Fier Wrapping. p81 Figue 4.1.12 Detil of tel Frame Shear Walp. 84 Figure 4.1.13 Brace Seton, p85 Figue4..14 Typical Framing lan afer Rewofiting, p87 Figure 4.1.15 Typical Elevation afer Retrofiting,p. 88 Figure $.1.16 Typical Detat of RC Walp. 89 Figue 421 Framing Plan of" Floor snd Typical Elevation of Sample Bailing, p.91 Figure 4.22 Stengh Index and Duetlity Index Relation, p. 101 Figure423 Stel Framed Braced, p 101 Figure424 RC nFlled Walp. 102 Figue 425 C-FRelaion Curve after Revoit,p. 103 Figue 426 Framing Pla, p. 104 Figue 427 Framing Flevation, p. 105 Figure428 Structural Deals (12), p. 106, Figure 429 Stuctual Deis (22) p. 107 Figure 42.10 Proposed Excavation Work Sequence for RC Shear Walp. 108 Figue 43.1 FloorPlan and Elevation 9.111 Figure 4.32 Long and Cross Section of Colm, p. 112 Figure 433 Losd-Deflection Characeistis, . 116 Figure 4.3.4 Section of Jacketed Colima, p 118 Figure $35 Seotion of Wall Jacking, p. 120 Figue 43.6 Section of RC Wall st Gri, p. 121 Figure 43.7 Section Showing Anchoring of Jacksted Wal with Slab p. 122 Figure 43.8 Elevation of Ste! Framad Brace. 124 Figure $39 Proposed Revofit Pi, p. 128 Figure £3.10 Detail of Stucturl Framed Brac, p. 129 Figue 43.11 Revofit Construction Work, 9. 130 Figure 43.12 In-Situ Shear Test of Brick Joint Mortar. 131 SUPPLEMENT At. Figure SA 1-1 Restoring Force Characteristics (1). 134 Figure $A 1.2. Restoring Force Caracerisis (2p. 134 FigureSA 1.3 Yield Shear Force Coefficient and Respoase Ductilty Rao (C, wh Soil Type SC, ».6 Figure SA 1.4 Suengt Index and Dutlty Index (C-F)Relatin, Soil Type SC p. 137 Figure SA 1. Yield Shear Force CotTicin snd Response Dutlty Ratio (C/C, 1), Sil Type $D,p.137 Figure SA 1.6. Strength Index and Dutilty Index (C-P) Soil Type SD, p 138 216Figure SA 1.7 Response Shear Force Coefficients and Storey Deflection Angle Soil SC, p. 138, Figure SA 18 Response Shear force Coefficient ant Storey Deflection Angle, Soil SD, p. 139 Figure SA 1.9. Elastic Response with Diffrea Damping Costa, p. 140 Figure SA 1.10 Comparison between Elsie Response and D--linear Respons,p 141 Figure SA 1.11 Response of Each Storey (wave SC-A means SA-I.), p. 142 Figure SA 1.12 Specification of Response Spectrum by BNBC 2015. 143, Figure SA 1.13 Response Spectrum of Soil Type SC by BNBC 2015, p. 144 Figure SA 114 Acceleration and Velocity Waves of Soil Type SC by BNBC 2015, p. 144 Figure SA 1.15 Speciation of Response Spetrum of Soil Type 2 by BNBC93,p. 148 Figure SA 1,16 Response Spectrum of Soil Type 2by BNBC93,p. 14S Figure SA 1.17 Seismic Index of Seuctre of Buildings Designed by BNBC93, p. 46 Figure SA 1,18 C-F Relation at Ground Floor, Dhaka Residential Building, p 46 Figue SA 119 A Sample of Stength Q (KN) and Doctlty Index (F) of Columns at Ground Floor, Residential Buillng in Zone 2 (Diaka), Designed by BNBCS3, 14 of Flor Area is Shown for X and ¥ Diestion Respectively, . 47 Figure SA 1.20 An Example of Result of Pushover Analysis. 148 Figure $A 121 Comparison of Numerical Coefficient 2.75 of BNBC93 an Japanese Code Rp. 149 Figure SA 122 Seismic Zoning Map of BNBC 93 and BNBC 2015 (Figure 6.224), p. 150 Figure SA 1.23 Design Acceleration Response Spectrus, BNBC 2015, p. 150, SUPPLEMENT A2 FigureSA 2.1. Test Model, p. 151 FigureSA22 Testing Apparatus, unit (mam), p. (St Figure SA 2.3 Test Specimen . 182 FigureSA 24 Test Specimen Nod, p. 153 FigureSA25 Herizoeal Load and Defetion Cusp. 153 FigureSA 2.6 Estimated Collapse Mechanism of Frame and M.N Interaction Cav, p. 155 FigureSA27 Simplified Monstoie Lot: Deflection Curve, p. 156 FigureSA28 Simplified Monocsic Load- Deflection Curve, p. 157 SUPPLEMENT 43 FigureSA.3.1 Simplified Monctoic Loud Deflection Curve of Two Fame Specimens, p. 159 FigureSA3.2 Influence of Axial Force Ratio (by the data 10.25), Supple Figure 12-3 of the Standard. 160 FigureSA33. Influence of Shear Reinforcement Ratio and Interval of Tie under High Axial Force of Column (Supple Figure 12-4 ofthe Sanda), p. 160 Figure$A3.¢ Ductility Factor and Axial Foree Ratio Relation (Explanation Figure 14.8 of above ALD), p.16t SUPPLEMENT At Figure SA4.1 Relation of Ducility Factor and Ductlity Index, p 163, Figure$A.42 Comparison of Result of Time History Analyst and Response Prediction, p 163 Figure SA4.3 Relation of Uhimate Deformation and Allowance sts Sha File (2u/{Qu. ease of “Il, er“1/150 (0.67%) p 165 FigureSA44 Relation of Axil force Ratio and upper Limit of Dctilty Index p. 165 217SUPPLEMENT AS FigureSA 5.1 Supposed Stress Distibaion of Concrete and Re-ar (let) end Column Interaction (ah, p. 169 FigureSA 52. Axial Fore of Column and Deformability, p 170 SUPPLEMENT A6 Figure SA.6.1. Comparison of Flexural Strength of Cola . 171 Figure SA 62 Typical Colama lection Diagram, p. 173 Figure SA6 3. Comparison of Shear Swength of Column, p. 175, ‘SUPPLEMENT A7 Figure SA 7.1. Shear Free at Joint Fig 83.1 of Design Guideline", p. 178 Figure SA 7.2. Flexural Moment of Bex and Cos, p- 178 FigueSA 73. Chsificaion of Beam Column doin(Fig 8.32 of Design Guideines), p. 178 FigweSA 74. Effective Width of Joint (Fig 83.3 of Design Guidelines”). 8 Figure SA7.5. Shear Strength of Joint, which Cause Shar Falure(Design Guideline, Paper by Pot. Mort, ees), p. 178 FigureSA 7.6. Free Body Diagram of Column to Use Column Shear Vp 182 Figure SA 7.7_Joint Shear Free Body Diagram, p. 182 Figure SA 7.8 Definition of Beam- Column Dintnsion,p. 182 ‘SUPPLEMENT AB Figure SA 8.1 Limit Compressive Sos of Stel Bracing by Japanese Guideline . 188, FigureSA 82. Lond and Deflection of Ste! Brac (1), p. 189 Figure SA 83. Loud and Deflection of Stel Brace 2, p. 190 SUPPLEMENT A9 FigureSA9.1_Inslastic Frce deformation Curve, p 191 FigueSA 92 Factors Affecting over Strength, p.192 FigureSA9.3 Typical Hystereic Curves, p. 192 SUPPLEMENT 10 Figure SA 10.1 Construction Methods of Test Work, p. 195 ‘SUPPLEMENT AIL Figure SA 111 Relationship between Experimental Values and Analytical Values on Ultimate Shear Strength of Beum for Ordinary Concrete 9.197 Figure SA 11.2 Shear Resistance Mechsnsm by Pro, Wakabeyashi and Prot Mini's Equation, p 197 SUPPLEMENT B1 Figure SB 1.1. Earthquake Damages of Buildings, p.200 SUPPLEMENT B2 Figure SB 2.1 Damage Grade of RC Columns, p20] SUPPLEMENT 83 Figure SB 3.1. Ssiemi Index of Stucture nd Earthquake Damages, p. 202 SUPPLEMENT B4 Figure SB 4.1 Example of Seismic Retrofited Buildings, p. 204 gure SB 42 Sample Del of Stel Framed Brac, p. 205 28Figure SB 43 A Sarple of Standard Welding Detail of Steel Franed Brace, p.206 SUPPLEMENT 86 Figure SB 6. Proges of Seamic Revolt for Schoolsin Japan, p 209 SUPPLEMENT B7 Figure SB 71 Example of Revoit by Base Inolation System, Tokyo Japan, p. 210, Figure SB72. Concept of Revofit Using Isolate and Damper Sytem, p. 211 SUPPLEMENT BS FigureSB 8.1 Cylinders (100mm Diameter) afer Surface Teste, p. 212 FigureSB 82 Typical Sequence of Plaster Finish p. 212 Figure SB 83. Carbonization Test, p 212 Figure SB84_ A Concrete Plate for Core Sampling, p. 213, 19Index of Tables CHAPTER 1. Table 1.5.1. Clasitcation of Vertical Members in the I" Level Screcning Proce, p. 8 ‘Table1.52 Classification of Verical Members Based on Failure Modes in the 2 Level Seeening Procedhire, p.8 ‘Table 19.1 Cootent of Building Survey. 1S ‘Table 1.1.1 Suggsted Modifications of Japanese Standard for its Application in Eangladeshp. 20 CHAPTER2. Table22.1 Table of Caleulaton for Required Horizontal Strength, p. 28 Table222 Shear Stengh of RC Wall Panel by Reofit, p.29 Table223 Shear Swength of Pos Instllod Anchor, p. 29 Table224 Shear Strength of Stel Framed Brac, p. 30 CHAPTER3. Table33.1 Failure Mechanism of Swucture Strengthened with Stel Frame. 46 Table332 — Ducility Index of Sructrs Strengthened with Stee Framod Brace p. 47 Table35.1 Shear Capacity of Bondod Anchor, p. 60 CHAPTER 4. ‘Tabled. Result of Seismic Evaluation, p71 ‘Tables.1.2 Result afer Rezo, p. 87 Table421 Weigh of Building, p92 ‘Table4.22 Flexural Srongh (4) ‘Shear Suength 0.) and Dusty Indes, Fp. 94 ‘Table 4.23—_Ivegular Index So . 95, ‘Table424 Time Index, Tp. 96 ‘Table425 Result of Seismic Evaluation, p. 97 Table4.26 Judgment of Storey (X & Y direction), p. 97 ‘Tables.2.7 Material for Revo, 9. 98 ‘Table4.28 Required No's of Stel Framed Brace, p. 99 ‘Table 4.29 Addition Strength by Ste! Framed Brace, p. 100 ‘Table $2.10 Result afer Retrofit, p. 102 ‘Table 43.1 Result of Seismic Evaluation at X& Y direction, p16 “Table43.2 Result afer RetwfitatX.& Y direction, p. 127 SUPPLEMENT At ‘TableSA LL Rests of Response Analysis (Case I~ Case 6),p. 138 TableSA 12 Reval of Respose Analysis (Case 7 & Case 8), p. 136 ‘Table SA 13 Stns Input Data of Sanple Bulding for Tine-History Response Amlyis,. 140 ‘TableSA 1 Peak Ground Acceleration and Velocity of Each Wave. 43 SUPPLEMENT As ‘Table SA8.1 Comparison of Compressive Suengih of Stel Brace, p.187 SUPPLEMENT A? ‘Table SA9.1 Response Modification Factor: Rand Overstength Facto: 2p. 91 Table SA92. Response Reduction Factor, Rand Deflection Amplification Facto, Ce (par, p. 192 TableSA.93 Allowable tore Drift Limit (par, p. 192 220SUPPLEMENT A10 ‘able SA 10.1. Surmary of Retrofit Methods Execated by CNCRP as “Test Work’ p. 193, SUPPLEMENT B& ‘TableSBS.1- Concrete Strength of Cores, p.213 2REFERENCES 1) The Japan Building Disaster Preveion Assocation, “Standard for Seismic Evaustion of Existing Reinforced Conerete Buildings, 201, and Guidelines for Seismic Retoit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001, Enlsh version, Is 2) Te Japan Building Disses Prevecion Assoclon, “Standard for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buldings, 2001, n Japanese” 3) The Japan Building Disaster Prevention Associaton, Guidelines fer Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001, in Japanese m2Prepared Under Project for Capac Development an Natural Disaster Resisart “Tectniques of Conststion ond Retofiting for Public Bunga (ENCRP) ‘A Technical Cooperation Project between PAD and ICA, 2015