eg velacity —acelesation,. fexce ye 9 Pa ty = _ ___ dexminal op = _lopl P | fein} ad ___ 9x? | Polar Vectors = veelor associated wilh a —_ | linear clixec tional 9 The__examples— of cee fone, hi x—_velocr} ye + agile | Axiol__Nectors = — The. oe [| [Oe] e | fect —cne—calle _ ee: t ecles cnt — face linear. Jum e le | Fa -examples — off —axial_veclons_ axe! texqne,——____ 4 ily —;—Angulosmomendum ede. Z | he “grientalim 7 {Zs feline Raghd = | Handed “Thumb ah Right Handed + 2. | Left Handed —Conardlinale —sysbem :[ars 2 = Bsilion Vector. of a a a | point e. cwith ccespec] tof fo, Cog Oo. —— — _ oagin—6 = x F [thee mn ons lle| Aton of V | __ — aa idion_ it ga i ee men: em — one pa —| “_-|en_a_peinl_O _as__sheron_ inf gun ——|-eesullant effect Ihe _sseedoxs ” ‘__| game __9¢ thal. 1 the hei __veclor sum Nf. © | Tk vector. ¥ us obfained — by — felling off — | Po _us! cansicee oe _yeclors#P_and_B ach Os ond _@ oe | co Abe —veclor 8 at he end of fond __d rawwing © | dhe ecto ro Abe begining — —of ft Op 7 : | he encl | | panes on ae (| fe 92 tes on at 4 |_| 7 We P+e@ =i A simile vesult td 2/28) o) oma 8 eet ees —of two ‘vectors 14 the i ere ie a She ae as_| ar c oF 5 poate = & oO ele; g;o)olere i | | 4 | eT, | | tt o Pyln | wo, | | ea re 4 |! = K, : | | | | | osmtion omen tp — seth te pee mnie — npc —_—--|, ee ee —4 te f| Sublvaction of - Neclerss Ss , ___| vector: _is ere fae Ond___em ve the same eng the bu} Oppasilechreelians [Re Be at hen, : —~¢ — Teo Fe-8 eae — 2 __ negative. a_Neclor A a tec fi some > \ {agi but eppesie cen + —S—— _1-R epee —— [hich shows had subdaned ogling fee Lo vector | Beale. 8 ij Same ag a oe uel of Voi ee” ee oo vectors | rouQi | raultiplied in __dunb _ ronnexie »—Le._Scolavly and. | vector ys These —-psecucls. ot _cliscussed._ sepealely orn he Scalar —‘Preducd —__ — 74 | + I — Tr Serlox. _pyeduct 108 a __|Neclors 2” ond 2B ab en jaf dha —plodied : a —9f— ahha of th —megilades — of tae —__ Ei =z Cosine —of~ He ag te Rei _ AB = “ARO = 08. 0G 09 iaeeee ——_| Thus, Scadage frocuet _ ff tee. f{ | weclors is We—— = CC a aT he aisden of the seh | Hence the pit id a 4 pecan live L.e.*_inelepencl: the $.___ a el [@losa (Qa o/ale | SR ie Noljsn — i <4 o ~ Bizthag anol 1 gag acaceseee ZZ. oe _Complea = # &. aye |} A Og —— = OR. eee The scalar - predgel A tive trechows us | fh pxeecluet— tee close cine. ete a —| eng h — ae ct the ether gg ee pe He a ——| -aeling 9 a oe tie — at : | Workdone = (Com © Pose a2 _Then fats Be] _ C(S)| doe Bala? cle Sune-2019 7 ——__ { Qusl A unit vector on __the x7 plan ah © | angle of _]26 toi th avespecs te f. Fu C Paral ir 0 © | beftveen 9 dhe veckens 7? =" a+ BA and Peat thf © | ill be 6a! find e ? : c |@__b= Ba )n_ © gol? a Gm => a n |---Us-o-bt bh Ws ah +bi | LI F Cc ja|© 2 | | | ag opayrye | | 1 ae a ina 1a) F eo Ef i Pate lob ; b> i a ~ a <5 | eo] ©[Samia Te 4F ef yo l = . 249 ef —Hizafiait = z Te a Gpalere as 44m a = 4 n= 19 —-4m = 19-l) = 9 7 amis + ds Sk __sul “| with & east td i é = LALIG) Cos bo a MlaPesg edt h) =v are ay bs Rah gle lo VAL | am = af mee lt. aie er | | Q] ©) O| 2] OO GS e os | Sn _sguacring both gicles = ~ ha? = bolted te = thm? +97 (6% =tb)m™ ~ 2 aie Sa BE 8. 5h foal 7] es bs G@eaqna ag 72 |a Bicea sow delclolclelcleluleleloloichlulelelolololelolelelolals lo eb bbCty | Mis songniducle is J7[I2/ Sinn, SF” : i ang ih ©} Rand B — © Gib | He clivection iy feular ; | 4p beth — peclons! al ond | — . pp j ~ Gib | Te fms —twith og wighh ff Thane system | - Let ft" be a unit eclor ee z _ epee Jo de both _weelowe A andl 8. © | Then a <_| VV saab: Jae) sina.) = aesin. fb —O = Th_sense. of his _veclax ? abn thas 4 < | pexpendinr— yd o -hand_ Zz BAM = BASnl-O).b = —AGSind.h -O) 2} O| ©) O| @| © | tus _ Pub = -bx —@ ot BAR Px scalar mognisucle eppal_steo dhe - the pasa mm_—6¢B—_ane is. nod | by eppabion2} ®] Useful —Kesulls = ___ Since IGE cou three mutual ot __| perpendicular unit____eelors _,_then- oo en W aw WN A = | ea Ge fe F = 2 2 | | Vector Preclucl Ex pressed ‘As_a_Delerminant=_ firea. 224 10K 2 8B) ——_—, —— jim - — e uy d a of OL —pazalle Lh, whos Ra <——|-adjacent se al Re hx 2ft3k and_2i ie ap an i st | let ex = j- ae Ap tapesk MN g-3) = Flere) hGe4) = 5h +l0f 2st _ — [AB ABI. VOPR ori = se | & Arex of Gselldogsam 2 distance Con-hR : \& b =P a 2 hg) (ONL) = (payee) Sine th) + —= OP x Pa rs —_ - | sy feePar fo AL Angular — Velocity = a ae 7 Let _asigiel —bedly be -veloli wy SES UG Ihre we Wa ey ghey ey Ve | a {the angular __relocit iS tahich___ol 7 isa Spector ard its m __| byw >enclians —_ er eccond) a Lids abivecdrcan is_pacxallel do. ns rseletion OA | et? bed Any.—..pain {| = Cspeed_af 0) - st Nelocity of: Pi do ond a. _| Hence [Ps Bx 7 ‘; og. tih June ~2o\) | Let Bond be be suoaolis{incl Yee ollmensional Bi vectors. “Thon the rn pone! of BT tha} Ja ofa) arta) Peter) (ote Pr ob tha’)a? | : oe rk at at (gal | tah shoo serhere 2? ond Wr mahich bene @ : ~ _ a _ __ + ey pponpenelicular cla a7 —|—-Se —ep ton (os -Jin_—Conmrec}. || Product ef “Thee veclors = (@)| Scalar “Triple —Precuel | eee = Lae ee) | _@ OB) EfCa# can 1-2 aE) ee. Thus. —— - f | [macs Pix?) a5 7 ss |= 1a oe &e = | lated 4-8 | poe Lae Cy G2) + Ay Lente = fin) oo rs Safety —— ae = Tos — 1 foes CBE = Tee (8ST. © _ Hake l= Ccare 2 exe) a Fat nel__ Cross meg _be latest dale ed_at wn)! —{ (Bx2) ox te sealer, i) ema a pied ch three a pel ear yneete ‘ee lppige faving velooe : Tet three veeloce 2 OB are leken “ena povallele= 7 tee PRE] e Base veg — Petz] 5) Vector [ri ple Prelit ocick + a peraillelaipecl ia. goto. Den al ——veckors tobe cop llanene—,_theit scalar _ Vanishes. Seesouer + _ =e = (aif. “aud. tpl) AL Chats — bla) (bsG— byes) — peepee eee 2 | = an eae OT Naar = [aul b,fo=bee)— "nthe baal ha), | = 4, Uoyee= bec) Th tLa, ah) - ~ hee £6; leagegi oe A EURA(RE)E Ansa | Te _equebice = plone tak eabains Wa pa 41 PHL, athe Rial, 8,2) ts eperd cde? ‘a2 | Na+sy 4182 220 Ab) Nae #92280 000 ‘eo tat Fy 42s sous td faut My =—3228d ea | aaa #O rina Eee i | se. a es bedleeenenneen eee |” PQ xPR 20 _ Pr- _or- of: = eel alagqatk = af, eer ea = | RRP gat mat | 2-37 +44 +k = t fe Pls Bethy Ete Ze) R [eta gy Ze) — - — SM) re Pr eae zea - _ 7 aE Sag Ba — —|__ Mag = 94)SS Fs 19) 9 Udak (a) = pfas i = a | mie WAS SU4y) + big so oa he fiekaeesd dace 3=o oo DURA Cy gz 2 reise [os Vat sy +182 2 Bro a as > ES Rat eT et ala@a Ty deat J tala h), Han Yr | | can he «i oP ee a (bya ee = 0 2 POR) PUP) 4 2? (aed be ix (eal) o Sales as bate i x fag) bt fa hae Sagi tgp = a GE ; | ‘ot __ ® 2 x (Bxe % = _ ee| Bel aE)a ee mae | [Res te PP (gl oP {$0188 9c eptin. oy. iy — Pe ee | SCALAR PRODUCT OF PRETO | Prove the felendiy — | taal (ent le EMRE) UE) top Cx). Ex ay 2 PYLE) 2 whe o JD det and tvoee can be ——— ue ek | Rt 2 ga Xoan ar ae 7 SO ST ann x Hat be eet 2. Ta Lf fia CP? BY (Re) — { & _ = a =I ~G Cf Ke — Seni, c a : _t ‘Tees _ > oan _ | a xy = ala dy a 7 ae ph A - - is «|. < “ + 23 4 ff "(50 Sebi ee _ axe. 39 “K . he a : I VECTOR TRODUTOF- FOUR VEC 1 a (ee) Jalen). 2] | 0 Bx tPxd?) = P) i - _ __ ie (4 Dol” — = | _ air: [at 2. (ek) xcexd) fies tn the Baldy, te xb cea DP) = Cas B) x8) ub tds a eS aed) (a sc = se tyae (ea) P _ :aap af a fee xd”). Jae [cea ¢ al, fan eked ergs eee ———— — foe Cae lnces Pad) ras i ~[Greometsical Snlerpeclation _ “ean (anal 429-10 ~—[enelude — te tay P lel A) ts a __ fev 4 ff oleestin of aa pee rig el Qn. phen | Shear — fod = — | CR xE) x UP xD) + (Ox Fx( Bx) poe BLES 3el| | Fron (@xe) x [#xB) a= ia e Ree tee ae (@eED] . — {Seer LOB Oe as oases 8 Re (een aY CONE B+(ACD)R & - 7 READ - CEP B)D _ BR | aE z 2538 Pe P. 1B Apt : - ete i eeme KY Neto in -shelght g— ee pt ar pail che a —{Biuen A be 4 = caee whese. ra cd tee “gi veces § se gta ge posing _ © TBivens) 4 and 0 Obs -gfven— ei if —_ | foriten »Yoctors _ and $ fe twhto O_|) ~ Sol 2 —_ : STS Hu vepurved equation of the Shaight line.“Theie ~? way These > FET -TGadilion_ of Tree i = be “Enea | Leb 88,0 be. Hriee =, Cte Hp - 7 i ies emt —shsighl tine —, TT ae po __| Sian a ai Gecfficienle—o} x op and tT 7 dirtlett (Deo a ae Te — = ~ ieee ME oem + ~ | Gen tone tte. -fainds— ce _foinls Je be Collinear = = |. __| an Coe fpicients. | Kf Nedor Guesion of — te est tie etd _| VN 2? Qnd_ - = — aa =r a a —f (eS Pe PP ET =a Opi = oc" +cP — = “r, - SY Ee_ fond pete _ 4Q [Shas —thel<2 cae a2 9B Vr STE | -ave_collineas +t beating —1 Sol | Ta —epya$in. = tT dO. — aaa sy #37 dnd) 26 49Bt- V7" fe — pe Bo ty-epende) i Pet Ct ¢aprtaent otter mor} rr 3 Pr dies om (D = es LPI Tf = UY la =z ere ae 7 —foareag ati (ltl -2f)=2) rate oa ag by ger ape dy = = (3b a’ ( Ear e +f sty _ a a or ne feo ae panel. Fomeget— : a Ete ad sa2 tt to tel —all 02 Dab apie mdf —— Hence tu —gfuen — Ore Coll nea. a | What 1s fo velr ayer oof ot sigh: : 1 =x ype : tL oe eof ek ts lo = i ey en teeny ~ aor oh Tonal pa OY Se ae g y ts f) f. = Bhi +45, + at ==) aaa) hy = ; I] Cedita 2 Fe Cats any $69 488 | | Spltg ae “eficiene og Of tel Pe gel fe ~ . 4 — . : | Ant? Jt) -arte, Joet oh C1 Oy oh — Huss —_- Sen pe = = Trek pos ‘ [7 _ - | C \ | | CIDIDIBIO I/O IG IO ICIS° | { & [or fame Differentiation of Nectore = —- Meh 0 eth eatn ond. Pe. ch =f ie pO ay St i a 2X _ Ht a be__the = mosilion = tole! at dhe a bie tee and > the 9 ae _ face Veeder — _ tf — 2 £4 6? a ene ee : = Pre HF $F! — os | BG $s a _wedler As S130, @ tende to Pani €} | PF cher! becomes the — tongent— ita eee _| mrs . faa th hin_= _ | | ae oe gt __ «| — | ~4e— aan verter fin the ~olix dion of dh. el es ra oT ifesenial —coaffict. ca anal Lar is Veal] @ ) ‘olend et at ie pan seas peek i the second _pceler —denivalie of —l4 ae ped sco th cle ob fy gehich “| | — is “along fhe far ~de is Alea df? gives < Gin vd Oe ded omOr{) > Curve ts oH = Slee f tangent 5f the curve. Neen ae file Tage eae ae —_|— 2p" ell. ——— | 5 age av dud . di Gi dz Y dt dt lt Ct i |e af eile flint ; —— 2 hepcmel A parlicle i de coe ee dey i |_Unid —dangent veedoreAnticlekwise or CountesclocKwiee iS th Positive direction of Hu auve. lt) = ae -a Sint! tTebdut? 4 a — = . | B= 2p? 2 te 4 ae a | _at t= | hen __ a +2 “| __t ar = 194) 2 ma #1}. + [stk AYU. 4e3 + [te 4. walk de eb i ae eee [5 F(R=2) 20 = Lette parallel | P2) tho Pis_p spendicules In 18-2) $2) Caaf OD = RO and Gab =Pa2 on which x Binding —-slalemenle —Le—daue. E i jedi [zen <=) ee nn eC ls | ond _ ae. Po. Pax ee _ C 5— ext bak ——______j c € COs Which of I. follawing relation a] peae). Bac) beexP4 =o | OAR AE EAE) CER = PBR > @ i tea’) p> pe OP 090 Ee > aso » bee i Sr a Bp ig rn No | Ole’ ov) (@ P) (Pa R= le @ P) qT = ote ACRE) CTAB) = CAR EHC a le © } Dy p SD) ye aPyey) Oe ie cB teeta) A cath} <0 _ Pee) x PAD) € a 5 = ofS ei a= Ae) a Se DlD 2\r = wy SEP E 6 HORST 5Ee 3-2 TR TT ee | Bo fab) (Pxe’) Bae) Cail 2 (ee). [fh (exe eM (BKe) WB xP) lt Ra 2s — — aba par Me eae ae. ety lag — on. — |b sdacataht Oi having asin or ape gabe eet In, hod at ——| ups Yaw a UZ; x ex, iellar to_ ee adn, apa BAR. © ere pe SN 7 ae a FO — — =O a beac ee | TB fe de Pe) Te | ep da Ta ets — pl an Qnlawns_ |e a Rk ieee¢ pal find asl a vgclore. recippel—p — Hany eal! follesctng et ales 1) ti-g-2h) Baty oe ee Ptvec} to Hfee verdar =) CaP rae — @ (Bal) ayojaye I | I | - ___f ac cacpompaje2p —a : eps Ab-| Ad A fas cmalant —mognitugle —shoa—thar_A__< | a} ard_ob foe pf Es fo each other Blt ae On) >) ut | __ fr. f= Fd) —_ 7 - 2 4 Ct so. — — . ~ 7 7 at anal $9? is dank J. Bry 2 ee Cx tol + bi ot § _ : | —} fe AwSinwt | + Tudenkg 0 : (pA. XE) wort t (atx b Tosa a {| —=-w fxd} Lostobt Sntue | — of ib Si Tf oe C] cs —ben @D. a8 = = pk P= 00 Ore L i bu tonwt of — -qQ—— an == uw 0 fosiobi +b Sn wt) es Coeyen top Pe gual } he ar Hele _mouss__#0 2th) ils pain vedlor : : al sueloci ty Tapa alice j expendizulaa— | Rie —arcelesaies 3, elixecded Iewarole dhe ann ond ha ade ppc a _dlistante oxtQin. ci a # = Garda) sper der. € “eal im 2 = owl Te sinat $5 a ee Vad weartre tite Gia Re [ow prot Pa werot pf }e {eon fesong af ; eee swt o | ee. oa { _ © L . _ : © | Sa ve claci of dt particle ta perpendiculaa—_ S se to t 7 : os J emi. ts a— ae i =— oT = -W'Gawt | ~w Siawtd — e 1 _ _ _ ie e = = 4 yyy _ P ¢ Le po Le t | mae wally —_ ! ‘ IK | 5 Erase oF = 12 : | Re mage yx Gnd_oce yt ) dire” i 7 Se Been ty eusned € La ssigin i| = aGs Tab Snolp 222 Ve = _Wabiniet 2 FwGao ly 2 —_|% 9 0 papi. |i vr | of 1 : + _[astrvt bSwt Oo - =F = ___|-wa Spot buGiot 0 | _ oe ee =o ; _ _ a Ve: =o} = fe =o) fbb att) _ = [abie-tiniat) ) _ _ = oe —| 25 fe —ok fabw (cst t frtat) | : = : 7 Y AV = ab “_f — | 2 PAP Independent | eo an slant ee tor: alae co aie ssh BIT Patel lee) -20e.2) DV AE) AP = CCR ET - RUReT a_i at -UAn i ae = 7 xmPa) Eg — eae «lia lan + a xT) o q of =D fp.) [ip rapa a — =P way ¢ a (yn) Bea) : E — p pean) = = —_ = PA — < | FORTIUAF OF i — owl d (FG) = dP dg © Ht __dt dt _ ' SlO1O[O /8 |@ /& | E Nt a | tos] | > S R. e b— ls Q) oy OLSNoval Veclor = | Sait fengent Becton tangent Vector dt Magrihae? Tengen & tangent Veeler Vee 1 | * | Solar Boel Yeclor— foint_ Finettens:s= — e 8 eld = = == : ae = pcb sen Wap Fh 5 Ab) Seale Gin int uncdtan.= nee = ied (2 4,2)_4s is «| —bealled “a Sta cola p atad dion f fm eee fades — ba scnlar wlth _L- otf (roe —_ | Ae clenperodne lls dof] Pa CS, i —|-densily “< oly an foleatial luda __ ee nya ty — ore ha at tie ter Loma} —fileen rb | dk eof 4 _yerlor irmales — ne fag led Say “Fee joni 0) Ee nelon |Fas avecter & esa tor Veloy + Veclor operas: kT Grzselfont —of a ~ Scalar Field or Scalar =: ° & | deneled by 7. Mi deli ne 5 T a _ ; a Ds 2. p23 k = _ ead 7 ON OF __ oa poate eee : c. mannidude n cou uf tn Ae ade ha _ hange. of. $ taith —_dlietence _-) grey te asl afar — : Hs__lfseclton i —_alang — 7 fh Seuel—ssuroce¥1 eel _ Pirface ea the value Le fy inching —— js same al b all f° ints. wo | clone “an atmge— = Faye Cap \ eurface. ral General. Epuedion = eo 6 ke ee mall - Constant. [Laelia .. a &i a aceroce yr? _ Le . hw 2% ca Pe at a (at be ns _ i: = Ol sty ye? yee os _ ‘Leann fae fine= eke a | Pay, 2) = Py 4 yz" “geen —s} @ =| tle hawe ate define a Stalax axe glimodiendoe a ne aleng Sn, Nz divec™ of neymal Surface, Sn: Change Tin clistance aleng nevmal jo the Levef Surface. [Adin lle Han set = Goel. Level ~ en eC — _ t § Qu — Fafa y= — _ co $ Grslaph ¢ | nlhod Jee ecole - Nexmalveclor 7 _ ‘ wo [eat pee mol Velo yd ON ae ———— tsi Bune = 2077 ~ _— _ : a | Bed _ [Ha unitnenmalveror at the painl [1 BS) o ee 2 3 hg a eee aioe aed oe pet Sy * ae Cyl bePtcaftonk (ho aVabgack ! CMT Pe eet fon ticts® Zs c 2 4—€ _ e 9 C@| biscdeale (oly agak & Teta ag etgt ee Se a datetey e {= | Cg) 2 Se =a | cep Seat —| C : in 2 co Se _ ~ > 4 he oT = - = ae XZ = ay QA 22 aa — e) 3 qi! fy yrs C : _ ra - cram Ve — Ee wt Bat gn fee — | ae _ fo KI alert - ee aoe = oe OO es _ a Se Cag tah _ 7 y 524,54, 0%2 /_ oe< Jew behoeen— the G r ane x24 ponte af ths id ise (a) cif} 4 : oof al er tt ae ares [te : n ps2 faze g 2A 4, & by = oka ie ace mem yaee £ — : i a 4 g | Ge é ‘ & ee 7 i e | 6 b 5 ¢ 7 | © _ . ct eo a é 4s |a PD frechioall. Derivative. fe fe the ey Lb dtectim of — Fate ag, — the Pai he ome 4 Sn Se a" ear oe D.D2 Yo. oo _ ee Jo Ope ee eayok _ as of ae ai — emp NO E a FE HAL |p: me between, Alan A at an acide ——}—dec.uirs___ aling, to oe ee ———— | —Devef Btesface — cand Voluy_is— tl, ic = [ha what —cixechion le ba rate ma change ¢ i _ \ wh. Ke ff mas“Tthel fe fs muactanm ake eof change of 4 Z ze] _ aoe clint lag hie Th =o pera Ect tpaelis Flae) —— {_sla = x Tt L= 0.8). weit anal gonna ata Oa °$, OL OC] GP O/OITIOJ@[C |e/@ IA IO [C/O Ie |e |Divergence > Vector Lines Spreading oud e yee an vecdox_ fae oe = +. vet mide a scenes 2 ft pen oth “Eanes | ‘nlf nil siz oll volume tne tuclace Tig Gnfi pis er vhs. ar amar£ ae al = te Ouhword Plax |vedor Ines an parce | =a) aera Sm aE eR | a ~abusecals | PF = —Vve 2) Inwerxl fl) tos fines vad? | hl CICIPIQISIOIOIS IO IG IO IO { I HN | h\ \ Pa NN | oe ie Ps i | mI Paes 7 a al Hee berg tha ewe fh nit | Me cbr. 4} ere tan the wa fielel fae COLO] SPOS IS 1@ IOI OIG 10 19 (LOLA FO PT ITO i2 ‘ : sin Fae Vet aM, a pW soe TCmstant a SW ae [fecal Cra _——— > Atmel. Pee Pe Y. luv) = (eu uC war) +e a —— Sx Oy as me f eh 1 = _ ;STR meilade - Cel of Vesta tal ee lard os lake pt ( | Vectex 2 panding.. ee al cE Te election tae tc a elof = r= c Pty — t— ep © a aH ee © — — IS & PY =0 ZKV'#0 PrV #0 & Teter, no volaltan’) — & © a) ZalWeV) = Vx t VxXV _ € ia _ b © >] Ve tuv) = (wxV + Ulex’) P € CA Px so 5 Vrrolabtomnal Ped ow. c — Censenvalty I ‘ ‘ = A a 2a a : (a ae en p oe — _ Es ia) __| aver apeneliant + colar CoSeiate Le© ot fey] 2018 - saul | Prove thet F : 4B} © [re (ily. 2 fae x gee Zl js (sine? a ee (eT os ea] = Ben) 2.4” yt) VOT) a of ee aa q 7 = 7 (8, my _ ap wt at a _ = L it 2) xe an 3 — el _— ss tna nl | _ reapinl zlae a na 7 -_a c wife pote = Ph ana a oth > S PIRZ, SSL ZI afl} preee 1. ae rt E}}. = as SS Par = Ces nx ef : 2 = lee € = a yt Z Gof _ Abs. bes = a) iz 2 eas _ vector then = _ = > ar vinx) =a | Vv x(axF]= 4a’ J ©8.| Pine the _altreelien —desiyalfve ¥ dhe Scala a = sey) ot hb geld fp, 1,=1) & [bey of chien hauls whe The Conk rs SS 7 cay ht toil be Hs os! em yrz— ay e ie o- pe te : [oecaepatk aa eg ol ey 1A) __ F e a a OE ee 7 ae Ad Caeeo _ ee qt oe - wpede 3 os ann — Ee } Meee perp nS pee rer ae ae = — aa Cal —}-+ = 8C f= aera * fe ta — = Q : rei at py vif 84 = i —— sleet Alon ae AS “ea pag haye iy BEE Gap) 4 (eal) | Ss feae = Qu ee a 2 Bu ZU 3 2a Bye 2 => =i ee Pe pei Gi oe = 4% = 422 5) <— ¥ pz Gaz =J2=2 tf [uy a ee ass lean gives tla & = Tak il ad & | san Hexe fs iy _the pile ge. o/ 4 “t Anal | © | bab n_above—$-cpualtnd e of 4 _anal cbreates! eee Sm ee ee e sent thes _missine = and fot Larry): & wp es -p (% De Aa 3 DAS G2 qoade | a a des, mal—— Mel ars 2S fam thal te Jangen* ful _ + elien ro £8 at iL. Ms. =e latiwssne AT bean ga se | (A se 422712 ___(d)_X-# im = 2] ___af Seth eas oF ~ —— air ah a ba Sa tb zat Shh. — - a Vee) = | Here = (aa). ae (y-2) 7 “Ey (e ae =a _ hs Bye) ayes ee | ai a arta a Tea isl: 24 Piast len tan) pal ye) 4 22-9) =o ——s| alee Batty tZZ-=— 6th +8 = 9@ 2ofcl re ae Veer @ anal Fs a 2h ‘ mle Car) - La i ay cevpce. REE]. Gee hen = ee oO foevsr3%5) Caja ROT) iw daz we) 4 = ya) C Lge “AG ae ag =I an a,t4]=4 faa, ae} fafa 1 ot Bal + 20,9 +20) _ eee — fal (@P) 2 = 9 Rf} F | ti —Kitint =e > @ gra la? vy) = 2Vl a7. D. _ 6 — RP Qae rey: aaa 25% — =. ae = tTe{asts even) a —= eS eg — ——= TS sitctomn 3 Fay Second 4 Bietemnt — div [(a, Lia tie] ce —Z Caerye yy ra after — PF ne =? Quer Pt 3 (4 aX Oe) ©} Fa. *) = a 85 -ecemd slatemad 4 ener Oates i ot cht by2 2a: 42)X x : waked Hay $27 2eal. Oab2t VO) fabs + _(CLa =2h lel) Sat h-g ‘ Sef — hea ye a tas c fre Gata 734 =o ct fps Blast bya Dale sigan pn + ota: aby: aa? vi [2am = acal Eat Byam aoe (v4). sq ee eed sexi) | 7 ——_ ~ q. | __wi = 2leeyez aT aia — fale . a f fe aa 3. pala a h - 7, & Vb, Bay’ + 9a2 Fe az k _ | & : 2 | e_| (ve). [eaten fa ov) meow E € 7 T+1,2 ot aa | 6 Iva) = =oT tsp azl | © TTX one) sal CG “Ta i 2 é- 7 a Hef ae—= ey saab tual seal) — fee soy afta S Tomine, +4b -IG -0 > Ate 2q¢b) =eQho [ SUAVE Z “gs atyyt a2” ck 2% _| HA wih ays, are pe ~ elt, < [hee] = lhe] | ey Aly PE pee pak yey he iy Ph ae o5— ~-- (aCab Prove that, i -a-gaigid Ps aly_ts aeling | with a cams tla _yelicily, then 2 ty — ‘nen: itt } tnd af a i it Angulo tee loct ty - pa er oa Sp RR ———_——. ma Ide hms that Pxla PA. ?) = 2° whine G” & | a Gmstent vecter. : = _ jet VAP = Sx(8ayr) = 2S? im hetoz wo i Cmslant__uecler [you'd A! —_ = 4 walt and axe itseladimal fn nature, | then ax bP will be - er © @|_jvmdedianal 4) “Salenoidal 1/ (2 eJatimol £ \\ © |x. ZereeR) B(PrA-A (Vee) c 9 8 eB n_ 8 & 2 oO : 4 & So ft s) sallenaidal - S G _ a pease am GC ‘ - | G Gape offen © _Neclors ae fo! = Fin = i Ge. veokge ao : __ ce F ee ae Fry aunt veeler =e |e totem = paae 2 fe fier A108 -« ei anni Ae aft the flere AL cue : A= tathare lice a ec aa ert we dln inelegradion:= (Set fS ee [poe a ae ee - pee “Han Ppa fry de — = oe fb = Ply ey 7 pan ~fody: ft ial ie i a i fate | Hera haa fa bape o_ ae rn salad — aH lt — pao meal fet he = 2_clsees of ae Genalf dtc mn Le = = Pi Fo SLOVO 1S Pe € v I | = pole m__—_omred Goinaens de ind | a on. Curie. anck sad) i thin thes 1___ Curve, +}os ae Sey laf Pe tla a cau i tae -Eurve | Ee es 4 Fag) li he are 2 a) aced (ye ri —(O_#7 fal pedo Sel) i} = Aten ~ bar rete ore)? _ — “AF xo =a 5 “eal a8) Bout tte? _ | jp Fatie_= (say- Ge )det ley teldy “; | oS _ SS te cca |Eoeoree Cra, abs Fake fy) eles = Jeeale ee fe Lie al | es fa tae] S “ff ey =)2 ea — = H HE Dit he : pat ei ti ~ SO SP Str 2 ee ei he fps an — 'ar ee ieee Fp (yess Cone] _ Teli 4 Hy — ck iL c ar 6 joan Lots Cente ods th : rama ak 7 vesse__ fn ee Clee kin'eeelix aL & (a) Ob) & Ce) Bx. (A) iba ae QO ~ @ a = (yaaa)? +{ant2y) 4 fo fea Fara re = oc laevag dus 9 Sinadl® tary Quni)__ oe “yess — tip Ala db S| [rare serene) 2 { (occas i | i : a axe i oCapodp + behets G _ ~~ e 34 ke € : a af nt af aoe =I +1 forrede I c cane <— re Enviado — an afi us ous ff olde _ L = = [o> IE g [é + fay 4 == OK ara ls 2 SR amxe an-oF [7 CAA ef Abste = (+620 aa lh ef =(29 soppy a 34 Iabhon. ce. Ut de - a feel | om 7 pale A i Han Ye shel ——|-ppnatie. ft rian | eee abr 6 Te _ ame “| e ——— Sse male Palle = 7 —- -Af aleng a Hine ‘f a, y both Change ten A ancy arn legendend - Se we find velahim between © tum. e f — as R23 andy bok change aay 7 = — af tetas a ee ah ere POSEN ATAD- pT Testor Sst C a = 7 3 Be @. aan q ¢ So (2 Q + QekRt+ RP - © © 2 ¢-13 +s — ee _ eT — rn = TL Aas oe ; =7 F rag 7 eal P’= (sad eq)i' + (y= ze) (zt) h c far : | Alling —ss-4an-iphd in feem [pip 2) Salas & fl Bene) 5 d-h zn dt (oe ‘ [ey da ee a\c tao to)ord 2, den 8) acces May | [we tonrT Drvarygnr tin ry eg a outa te (=3,-8,-4) i Mo. de 22€ woreens ; DP )ne Cb y a est —H calls hati = t qa i 1 tainy fae = 2A Soe Cte Hy arse! alte’. | in} . ple clesert beol Lip onal chic lielan | PE esl a on” nt x aye Lars} a € Be LOA, Ae 7Einp ore, © = Cad ; das — Sing ~ CG Y* Sne oly = Gse _ _ _ { ~yola +x oly _ a de KAY 7 gd fe € * : é = be F wne (Sibslde + Cre tov oale © ae 7 | & = file: fe], 42 24 uy | e_ |. SS © Bud tf fale tail _ 4" 7 pt ae ee eSool (riven U8) = cgi th le tohan 4-2 and VUletoman | whin f= 3 Show thet Peat Bnd EAS ; oe fl) = apa i Fs ers ahesh- Bho 3 sre pa, ice pepledes za - any — vector — Mat fates def ptae by Spee x 2 apes wit e ch teptk! ab ar. pack wit 2) | a — ame pl or — > = 7 ct mia ea = faith _ _ — | As. _ ee ol Hf B= Tafoq ht, Hide geal Pad = wale ote ON Ts aa 6b Yy *y ~ ——-— qe ae (abe tab) (e) alae) idl nma 2. all. Pay Lt oxy my [i vane) a b Ral- Toda td oF a , terb ¢ 2 Slekes _thessrem _ t+ a 7 eae he tt) QE] O/ B/O[O [EO jaye jo (eB io |e |eh Jf, Rea? = F lux of th vector fielel A thraugh th ot; Surface & __fe a. ins LT... Taper vector ona. of gx 4___Chos' et} } Purface ~—Thkegsa fm a _ al - Jace. indteattng — He +Veoltree”¢ SSE hemarat ft 7 Wwe ae fo mal a Ms 7 _ of a ‘ein OS _ t € ye ferjechon of ee in Aya plan = altohy a = Sa eddy =f ri | c c Se a 7 ~ ds ay plane's. dive - 7 sds (AR) = dosed aie lancl-ereq— a — $ve Feo eal. =i +8 a Cadleulate Jjithae— [8 ie et a sue zi ple —tm 8 tha the 4 — ee Sdn By the 22 as ~— o —4-—-- 0 — f= Ys Brie 4 ehh ___f= 7 | An = 36 (12-24 - 3y) whan ByY __&e _ _ 7 FRA ees - —— co i ee ‘ [[@dds = ff k= Be _ dewcly = o_| Oe oo fae femeapety i= we —alrain the 4. a piel fo i xy Lane. : . - 7 “t ta | ns © ae { G Za $8y 212 - 4 ome | ent ree Coo (4) c | t-2 zy Py © | 4 Van fim oto L2- 2a Ete en! 2% 4392] fe & | Aes line a & [or ue J ahreaal Oo. £ 7 wea = SF eligi eo tn ” _ave . _| c be gxV, = 12 = ol GO 2-12 . —— S B= — - | e 30% yar. ym ot ¢ _ / eo $ [zn i & Dy | t | __ i = i {b=2— aleclay _re 122 ae Zi =) J Thy ~ aay fd — _ a | 5 ae ga) aal Cage) [ae + fe a a ee a Haye ial S)a8e— Ss 3, s ee Tee TE [ye ee eT 35 £4+e—216-——— — SDs Gazi ep ageh TUE ge = os a Min cube babdoled be “ett foe} —ten ysl, 220 sil r+ Paks flow (221 alam) a a 4 oe ds = olacl — ___ eB fp HH yz ae 5 dudy = J [ret pongbas ee ——- @ all LE o- __ [Ppt ee a a iv 7 - | eR bc. 5c Allome (= a yaad | | 4 [<9 — dbz ada — aang a ea HH a4 | eeaqaenqd Bi all FAR oy ok f =f LEP mn er =aWL] OPS ¢ plan (20 Pli) feo dss dud aa je deo} mel be Siar ao re a ls Siri face ee Las, (Sie —s al xt ia GL MF tack NX Faas @anae _ | nis _ Panty? _ — _ ait i SS aes a S! otsky Se Sea - — fa Sarr role? ~ = > - | fe rls = 8 Sfde = taaS Ta? I] Sia > gna’ Am 9.98| Fis volun. af ht _patitin afta eylfingler feat acten? S between! tt. “ells ah ge -| e| @| oF e| 2 479 | fp pa 4 Sale | eenedq @ 14i = on =r SH fic vale a fla 7 Asll MA ga vie jeje, the, fh — tele of fl er alee LO tune” cufth 20 _opftaal ite Geawer Cor nent J [at (0,0 ano_¢1, |, Pare eas a a sly = . = Gj}; —3. eee 6 __d) 2 . 4lg oe Re 4ezl = Fy yek = be hae = TT TeA ay BIRIALAIOLmioy: € {Op™y e.2 i*| “s|° ) a ik 9% 45) (2, siden felling — yecter _[i pee at. ZLait—44 f | ee Paap ~ & ere a Ve, eee( ap 2 te — ERIE _ ef win ay ~J fyi ypGi] ae ves] cf Beale abe (ob) Ps ao aa ancl 4 ab? (at?) um [Sphere = — 4 | Volum 04744, 04942, 04 622m | jee e200, 04047, 62492295 € | Nemifs phere a ee ee jo tin Feqt —}—__ a ; Sr — Vere Hemfsbherre = fo Ae A Ycplan Meluna'- Oo 2 ¥4 |of£0¢ lq, oF : Surface een —b-£$len- IM Clajcqjejajerejeyaio ace~ Lancer Hentai = EE a 04720 ,A428 24 fj = _ {ei 9, OL O2Ap SX \ -osge aape ee € 7 jpeeyd= byPdo a) ft Pel apclie _ = = jee des dalt hs =a _ c pape fod ty? foot gy Se . = [sek Qyttg2% a tes Co] - {fh 3 (atiy?4 2%) oly - € J d £ Lo aa s 7%n6 Cog __ co é Qs oe Sine enh _ e_| [ Cpe She 2 ___} c \ afty® 42% a _ : e | aides \faedu a 6 & 2d oly dO. : “ae 1 enabled ff — < _ =} a & : oe &AL Cylindeal —G=odnake =[Gist Goclank'- < _ = 8 a _ nes 1 $ x | lejeicielo ° WA 1a RN NO [x fe: | “bp -OSSa-g = POSS | Of ze We a aeer a rg | rr eal : | | 1ei Bag oho, eee ee A<2 | 233.| Clube tet. [ux of Pla i Sd” ‘elf F=4tal Brus tk! Holl \cunded ‘by = el a _Z.P =< nan =e Pyptce ve diffe 9.88ing 422), 8decpel> — wf pf Pattie flferrdets = erm a ee =e ios EE = EXE RIAA - on UE AL AER — =. Voie LBA —| ___ 8+ Apr Eee | beet LL5 ¢ aT “Stokes —|hearem = | “Tits — fs hearer _fs a Spe a a ee —O_ Staple --Chasen. —Cintve_0dael__, aes Vee P © | with __condinuones oleae lince dP mac) Je_tune mans Ju Cus e whieh Pier inierseeding arn gg 5d oye mae Saree youre) | 1 | | é c a tie 7s e Px | ASE 1 oft EB as + Ar fea 4 pe a ec | p | @ Tar gee oe c yA © A Vey Soff -dl ave ame a ed ~ aS °[fito — 4} Eton 2 fo c é a = Pa (r ¢ sof > peeeneenneneeeeee Piaf erie ~ é — a © [tr all ts atelpdedd te Pah’ — | oP calles! — eerouladren 0 | eS verde field a. tAck. 4.35 ane “pi ee teal, Lia) 099, (0,2) fh Hu Bache) XP Ld& there P= ($4-%) ftxy 7 Hew hans —_acecdan, lag free lh ye pb — Sal" 50-3 9 —5 9 Te B= (ganty Jin el ayant. eee ee — Se — a E _ 1 : 4 2 2 = é a 8 aT 3-4 _ er are. co _ __ t 7 thems Pm) 1 ake Qaz-2) — Se ml jh 20) + esol =F _ Hak = [yee we=)i a2. faz a =aee Cg. e | 9 =? i We Ts J- _— cf jx Be Oder: aan + nna feos onl a ples af g | column Hee = mxn a | | Repsesentai = Or 4 — Column index | Row Elena lhexe 144m | et OIQI@IOIS Apapeicyo aegqececoeaee | } | s | Wy ; | | eon | L | | | WN, h | | RB | " | Rey ||| > | och | “isBr B= ot f (ih | iy ie OS .> ~ _ Ay Orn : Az] 81 ag |b, ny 7 — a - = ft a | some__. meanieg—sohan— an aly, thon — ~ | matrices: SR UGae matsice Se | AL makcin. tehth 4 net a sy re Las pas — techn matrix. amire Jy than the —number of -vewe, | uit ie cael hori madxix. Thue. madare 7 pee —cmnlex men Suis —hasjzental_moduix—tohen D?-m,, Tn_—case numhex af arose mere than el | th, number Lt collnms., eet se ee itl to Y stertical —medri ae fo flow —[To}xix : = _matxix Foe one gm lancl_ mn columns, 1 is seutel_ ea _madyix, | Thue _a__ matrix 6 x _tAn_ [nme adscix or Yona perder, Ie is tonitlen o | ted Can 219 Ain) OF. Oy. 40 Sear = ates —— — [ng order nen nxn calleel Pe. tah gu: i Grineijanl_| And a *y = ae Sg] _ _ [Ale ai nud ~* S oe if O. ON £2 6 oO pau (o_o _ © | Each. ebemen} — of this._malsia_¢s_giuen Toe Unit Moadsix. F | _ ; i ty ~calleo/. | unit _motxtx. anel__i'e __“aleno: _I. | | Obvionsly ke it ts_0_Spuare___matrig _TRawing unit elements i prone! taal on feacling [dln anal ssa —alemen> —ouenyishela cles. | “hex afore —Ci, gj) element _of nid! madi / x, gives age _ ) . f. = ott te ~ { QOen 9 |-I\o lo kp4.) Revioclie Matrix + 7 = é _ ee ae ma) stx flere. Vrahich aR sai, ne do he aaa | mada ond fensd pas q v —-setif as. Hisfyng tg i Y _ fen ee _ psi CO Sof this _pexiodl fei by _ =f = — a =A }- a — __ there Ke period —of—madyia =P to.| Tdempotent_Mlodxix t a [ee gp __| €ither —Ialzo or Ia-rleo Singular 7 —|Idempolent moda ill he erther a —poiegilae —enadete ax —a—tnn sting dare G | ante madyn'x _ ee ica 5 Here A uy a_Dlifpetend © —matria_of order} index e i[Tavalidary _Lhtrix Ta% T PPrPepe es t fp: TS 5 Aa] | | | P1OIGIO[F I> | Ins pl —» 3s. ] 7 @ Inverse [ 4 =e)“3. Transpose— ee Te rt 5 Anta] - ed | eee _ A= [l-3r oO) = nt fs gf ——_}=x5 (a ) sp Qo —t2 fas)"= BiA — _ € 7 Qt =O oa 13 Smmelniz—Malvix [Real J =Guy | Ihot is the number nan — syed —_motrix 2 __ fe lea f : = Number of indepenclend = J ninsl). ee oo | a é oj =O pF faye Ey,7 — _ Pf — 7 _ — a alecay Reed = (A) “Tee . - __j-€ a : _ ei | =4 ee wo Nena a eh “Skee a ~-rmedacte_ independent! _elenun! o: skein Sy momed ac nm ats = prenat)— by sk =e 6 | Hermitian — Plabetx Aid of symmetric malin Coat tate. i ob tinct, | Assume + 7 — ee a _ fo anise| minimum o; geod elemenle =a) ey =e mate eoill a FS Ren Ot. Adi Hesmidian_Maty ix! = layejarer apron |e socpope aseTrace = Sum of th P.-E. Ts(98) > Ts (8p) Ts(AtB) = Tr (A) + Ts C8) =) 20 a — oe |The“ minimum dumber of real elements _ Lunn __genem) “nxn sla herman — |? made eeoitt eT iyero:” ee °e fain foe _ fade fA er L734 44 6h te& liglnaldues Ls vie port of re/F 1) (a2 b) sz? loins 2 & te at 5 J bl: [ubylgors. (e. isl a i. ) (a(4@ ms me Y) zk 14124"An |_matxix__can__be- lin as cum of | syinmetsie and Arndi= symmerie matin. eck [A= 1 fasaT +d faq £ ee = g Panic syomabaic. ad Symi tate ; a _ | Lag tT = “ | Be (erP")= 1 -2 ate) bla-2) —? 9% [ bla-a) eI ab Ee — EeeT ini 2) sala 2 —_aba bless] Po ft RL blaeey toy te a2] 8 alata (arth Be - 9 eab= 2h iL bet B 7 _ a [blo-2 Lo fina — opti. a J(ee 12] ator) (a-1) 2usgail - A and Bnxn_ _Seuare Symmetric. matctees , an hen AB_will be symmehac_in_hatue- “Tost tay Fane ane deinngulen lb): A and QR bath om_nan Singular 4e_| A ond both Commute £9 (d) Aand 8 beth andy ~commuyte. gh) eee tt) Ar) me mme meeceee eeneeee e eeee Pe — Oe See _ iT = '2@A 2 Aand a beth Commute.c 7 naa a jo 5 Lbs A, a 7 : [et te) Find erg (Gots “st : Ss | recy (Beta ree Sina Fng fx Cor | oe . + Sino Sip Hi 4 pues cu ee ee ere ETT eae un el ie | eanAD Gs (e- F) = — =e 5 —_[ ac) =f) —— _ (ena ee yr a ets satel ote cl —£ pose tk analvix Q1AG ib Hermillan in ralurel » thee f sig en is true? (M Aino a B is.o_hexmitian mabix. © te] Ay a skew hermijianmadsixld) 6 ij 4 skew hermifion | motbr'x fine O°AG ts hespition = o nl e _{ ae 96 — 7 Gas) = wae —O & lac a and GD — & b ate £ eA Shine pin @ i ed js ¢ G & = = e | _ c _ on - == _ | e I e i @ - — ~ 1 @ . Ie ce | . | c _ | ‘ © c ; = = z - _ = €‘Vy * wl ui Gin, Ww gr Je foes ee ApT= ATA sy — 3 At: qu ee jist) )) | ee Re cc Each. cow oneal each a n 0 aE ‘o) um of aon | medrix sia ama frill na An Lee hag xX . | each) adher Tt a [na ‘Sme\ af - Sind. Cok O_ pe “fe aca, Pag ej ~ ~ _ a at song aa | P= BiB yp rAgk = | emma eer and aa: (A; i . at > = ae - =PEE | Selenminand_ af a _unj fry — madi We 4 feck sansa ach —exlmn af tn a _ cr) el 2 | OSS ( A uni vector.| Thus, ee aoe : E _ (Aej)’e (9B) = T- : u | aTATAR: B77Q = BTRSoro] any ag-£ Peg US ml leap Bela e |Al= “ay, | 02 Fea Qn Jo tn ea asi jer ee —_ [950 933 Lag, Qe [ial Oy Cy HA 9 Cre +8iq Co (evita tae 4; 5 Th o ef fe tas. | g 7 i(f)= | ¢. Con Cog ae op eae € o “Ta laa) = ; : ~ 1 eT / 7 — © Aus} Su. ppete—A isa Square —madaixof —corclex. — * n_and determinan] ij Ps Naw crlentate _ Cg antennal nde — : A= nxn = lal= m_+ _ 0 AAA] = [Ale = + ie Bon — [7 “lie eae i: Also cl —delmca op Touts tdi = An! = 0 = [ “aking. clederminend ‘or bell side : i tala erp — rH et = = (a) le we identity madsix_cyf oreler nxn © | [fond —aelp C2) = 2807, donb ume) (2) m-1 ~~ lel) n LAdg er) = 2"Tp ; Adj (2D = 2D, Se [le = nycl ‘A daa 3. ix with olede: aaa, ol dhin dhe ele-dexmingnd | iy eal to 2 (4) _] ( e. @. a [o2.4 Grads ob_gl-, ; < gop A= anol IN 1: 2 2 x3 5 Q aan a + ESS © | Methed- I ee € {Al =? : - pad : & i et adja. fet ¢ m4 _ f a} # © _ dg (0) Ay) 3 aL 7 _E < eee de f t ¢ | i ca 7 | c ole 2 fi = ! : acd fu) fie] re Dns & 7 i ¢ a a —_ ~— te é - - ——a a _ Fla Value | ae — Leolution a (are Coxsesconelin ao each. tole of a | we wi) 8 ad _non_9e | Xeno eh | Eigen Values 2 Figen. Neclors a fe which we will get a nen on__valyes of " madex Aor pee he} ——| Binilerly, 4? nti a ERT fl a FegMen Veelor a By = 2g yp a fie oPz | $e rans fn re Slote_ of th. pardtele eee =e — | Pax | Non = tea) —olubvon _|~l-0 & — 4 HL FT A Sine | = +t - Sin Con — la-ar] = Gr0-)_ z= “Sind = 2 _ | =sng Ga | Acai nee se W= -ptvVp% tae (_ Ror 2-22 Ga tl so _& SS) fy = Ge t18in — eee | BDO OC OePOyo/elojefaa | een Gaara SinB_ = l= — = Gz O-A 2 ° _| | Eigen Vector. —~ a Pp 4 smo #iné ne Pa fee eee eee =n =F Rind Mf ss = tina + “Sin Uy 20 eee emcee Ky iy —_ aee aia orig sgen—ealieeond ware_mad-ix A and ids tran, pase: Shum. er. XN S. a 4 jen alte P f i F ;Arar — Invemtary o eigen valu 4 tl or =] x} Any __jJuso-_ eigen. Veclore — Oortes, ! a 2 | oltstynch— —2ip values _ vara — | matatx——andV nj. foxy _mettrix ani ortho egenc. de each other | tke 0 tae whoa, pt. Ag———— @ | @jo z | Ay Ko ee fo X, raee (I Bigen values _ =a —hilpeten! mmoles as ame -olugys gel — #1 Eigen values —o 7a ideale mabe — and elf her O tS Le OL Sucre mats ik Ao ortolex nx Tovng is ee Spel Mio ty has epont aa N,O,050 eee tL | €r = — os | pelicula — —| voles TCAD ,02).0).0) 0 eee{ ¢stQ] Bec - Loy. rece analxia_M Ene fe [M]=6, FeLi] 226 cm) le set of $1043 (fers pre tym f £4} © @ Slt Te [r? 2+¢ ata 3d =o. Oo £ Tein = 2 » apap tag = 24 --@ | eft} = % > aSsarta?® =a —-@ [ernte —exptien a lif oll three Conditions D- Covsech - ogttan is Casve! eeer——r———C “EE a A {A222 maleic ‘A fos etyenraluas_e a Sand oe: © @| go (bh) 80 (a) bo ve el) pew, © salt : 7ts——— © [ape 922 __ € : @ Poe ats sits — © Prrwalued of * Pineal — € an i sox i a = Hina] een a7 2 mae 4 > be __ | Tt TyeC k oo eg et oF a | 6 -Q 7 Ae zo a ° - -9 J Vas / Ee ra : _\ fat} la een eee ee atone = = ° a] Zo E ls 7 V - a 0 0 6 | —— = Li). Iyer =1,0,0) ~ Ce) (th), Hay a) Coe) F ¢~Salt "Tate of —madsie se Q——_ an“Quit. for. ptthieh an A, ths. ing —Madtartx i eos 2 & ty ill be Iyverdsble L. 2 a 73 =] nature 2 — : tte BG (gy arty a 4012 O Ae t tol) Mom. Sol" _ . eee sees . 7 oF ¢ 7 = ~ _ a _ £ ae — 7 fF _ _ =a Fa malyix_ ah = PY Lae _ : i = ee (Onan ne? 2 Qi -3 | =o Sa) a a | 2 cl a _ 7 } So rr fears Tal fee a =o el —_ — . 4 +4-9 ~O —— a _ "5 _ 28Begenerate eigen values = eguas eigen valves, c £ Gun] Conciler 0.828 mabrixof the fallasing — Jom ee ee Ag Ayerg NE o cI EX On 45 a udg__O281 9 a3 : nan —of 5 'genvalues for this mabria .is-? | a (bad gv" fof) 3 Sole esssssistsee eee Se nnn Co -f a Kid duis} —_____ a Ody Ms = t os — 24g — 05 | c Ag St Roo A Go = _ € = & c €_ 6S peeaeaee ] o_given. _madain f tale + mate, See Ao sed _u'nuesse. eee 2 ed = = f1]_So optten O) . eT Corvect ,es 2 oe a%B3p4goTco at ato so a I Amada. ~ sadissic ne 2A teat - =p fl fend Sal”! PaaS |__can eutly = eigen “values us [eee eee eee eee ao a f ae yh PEI = z S| _ tan [ae stv 2 2 “So p= aii ) Save| DA -3As - 30T 2) f® 3At Bel =o 2 al pt- aplas 309 7F — A= 38F = -30q7 DyOIaIc ATT thn we A? dn wre fined Sem — —_ 7 Lig dete elem a be _ =) d@.d4 — - —_| [Rett] vas @ TT “Agi 40 mairix Ais such Mel SA%2A 4A 4 Pan, 4 tay equal to 2 © @l (sa 2. (a eae | tat tem af these »—— _— | ah __sa%20%cnti=0 : _ of _ -_Sakalaa Ba. ta cant = =rA) aesyh bea nxn. feel ealizable _madaix coh ee eqpa tions then Bet(I4) ay Pe te a+ ey f- The aon Bel (1) = Freclue: tee values p= feattrr=9) | OR aaeaaetnne meee as he / oe DMeimeQq __ =>) {mJy eo : —Sither —[rale0— xls oo cere =| | Se te. oe ec | sais fles ty madrin, aay blkich “9 2A llncing ana esag ate | Cor L2) C na) Oa) i= SM +6 20 Sel) | G2 to, we forse Oa, PH 9,8, 6) 7 * = (9,2 Bee C rey Coptic,[ts —laate ey? anal tad melita Ls expt), uihere f _ 2/9 0 o _ e fo 0 Ae oO | is opal da 2 Oo. Aly Oo oO ~Alg. oO! ° o | | { AO | he Po | —, fy Jo 1 t x tH = BS > e a |" | he t M ) M 2 Ly | t lise Oo | | | | mm ey eC)—_ L z - a plats fet “87 le a) _ 8 oI c = te = gob | i i x4 an ei i =f 4) iD we ae f i 6 STaci” Peveaisgie ae bio) — tong) +48-(8i 79) —— i 2 ett 912 | Tr. (exe. a EIT Gages Sin( Aly. me] we AY — —anel Ty. (2A)= 2m_ By "elage Qo oF | Tel eapta))- =$0n # aoe Oe, =] 0 o cae S9plld = Tape np FeO 8 Le fe php of EY — rele) = +65] —— = oTc Coneider ths 7 madly pre a 1 , }- ~ : F ae af an 2 pt re Qo 0,0,3¢ vO bb) (dj 42) T a, TITTY fae ot; y a - i kel pean eee eS ea eee ee eee) VT Ty Sg aaa ae baa) — 5 of. eplifies (Ibs dy, 4 —Bysi| 2 —sexponendial_ 4 th “pif “* is dy § aed ae = I+ [en —(bLe™. Tem 2 ¢ ] - e (o| e” «La ab (dy e"-(e-l mm, av ft + } 4 — et 5 i it a <_ |__e’ mang 3 yee | ® |e" re m4 fe = a pee fe Cre: fay Ae ry) . =f esl eH ee 2 ae eee C [82 mins Sm = Say 2 Py z lS ~mt= 3379=a Foo ee 2 D+ fe af. + ae ato 2 a - Tam pie Ss a ~ aE ay 5 i =a 1a eat Beep lec - 1 ANS. — 4 gusct| Given a 2x2 Unilery —mattin _Salts/ving UUeutr > = sith dell) 2 ef elt a pp onctnacd abl tile | madd __v (aegis Tih _oled_Ve at bg — Lov] Mabbilying U by 67/2 a Cb) Hold o-single_ebomin Whyd eet neead.o_Coluan by ete. Titian yg 2B —H Usuuts To _ —— ant a a Wa be } Eiseennece | octk debe J _ i 7Bass Ga telex a man (api) trix A, in which As jb : a : eae ee fas one aia oll eigen re =t).. He ae dng ant clegenerate— Apealln ____4 = ig oa _ ea 7 a a. a : | — a= It as Sa c eee ——— ae Sige 4 : [if net _ _ | =Seo—-4_XF ——— _ a _ (G2 3 + | ¢ - Peng oe | a | omar BONN de fo + _ A+ 8 ITS I _ ___Q=__30,b,0,0 : - _ | 4 clea = Qs eee = Slgen vole» _ sleyeneta. = ee : _C 4 deg Q = (n'-} v Js _ _ | | Aaqoegcocyosao etKL Pity _ Teufel | fe~ PAP fH rare —- A, Bom Similas Pe peeeeeeee s Sana en EEE | pt f._and _& mals'ce au —simtlos- th thy Rowe = => Same FFnte_ ae —_ = = =? |Same___ Bet SS 2 >| Same__el, envalu ee St 0 RE Sy) oF e771 |, Sennen OR UE POUR TTL TON a Since this tev k tring fess dhe nabs by dite milan meets B thy | wig wh t{— —knaan as. | —f+ Tian fue 2g) Seuueeeesst en cuuEEEneeeeennes _ _ | 49) \ Mae ‘ (4igg\ | _ _ an Aaa) | a =e4 | sy _ovdex man Lag — Ln hinens newly 1 ( ectors Yan | the meri __Qua__ Me aan = ~ - + i = _ _ Jan 7 oy = | a) Ne (as — _\e af Ls = on fer dan fg \ —— Hes} — Bey a ag, op cpeja/ ele) cj esaye 7 ae eee vos _ eee 5 TP ag 57g M35_ Sep: P| My Na Eat oe eee ef | i {| %4o) tay hag t {aig Me, agg J = 2 ¢ a Te ie — 7 a oa china A “onan “A? Ae dtdefnd_— las Az I-2uuT, Han 1 4" is _epual_ do Qo ar | T= gut 6-2 (b)_T+ 2uuT (or guy T=1 te guy Sol” i _ | a of ea See - es Hros3s] re drix. pe (sae “tal 20 Ws (ea if asm (2] Cm an ees Sof | Tr (M) 2 12 > Ajptdot ag 212 _ Bel lM) = 56D ‘AyAadg— xpi eee _A 6 mu - Zolt sth a | blhere np} ne, Ng are the tizsymmelria smadzix f=), ae pe tpt °, ai ad sel” | € hy Na \- zi =a hy e _ ny =). / /- a3 fattn,} + hy a= naenga =Ngq-#-hyn,) +e nyns-ANe Jee nhs = Ah, 20 | ef -a® S— atmeantin? pte ns = > | | ae 2 = Sa oe { © ©) aati = I - LL a = - _- : | _. Aare) (1()eaaae _ 7 e | S 5S bith qeo or A120 _t. © a Qto a ase’. E S fo a0 i? Ans — _ _| a —Buai ieee a leans formabion in ree oliaensian é pete af a —$_______— He= tel _FatertxLatee) + [ace 2204) — + dy —uniidary 2 — Cin | Show. i |e 7 S ist an axe__e iriies Tog — ace ss ee - a a te Zz . | £40,080, a ae = Sin6, Caege6e6, Sno, 0 __=8i00)5)08 + 648, Gabo 2 —_O—} a O +040 — b+o+o oabtt) [Cr(@,2e) Sin, #84) ) | =Sin (B)t82) ___Cos/0,#89) Of — oO pe _ — fama 1) =iw im ~ a uw ~ — | la-ar} se | - Crg=4. ne © ee _ E 7 = a _Gse-Q 0 =o — oF pereialic2) ~ -apanding ~ along me Ca _ es! (ero-d 94 Sng} =O ; either! (ea) 20 on jee sTaa fae — Cf Nlhen |=g20 dep aed : _and_tlhin — | (fae -2)7 4 Sop 20 G9 49° 22CuP t B09 20 = a 2AGOA +) =O [eae 2) Bate aa =Gala) 5 eats 28] Be, ¥ — wif = Gert $9 - 6 _ ee 2? 41a. Ee? 1] 7 + EE : —E | Cony tT “Un fp) dy a _ | 5] AE aay Tad | 7 So sg Sno © - c AL = + Sino Gr9 © ml an nw} 7 [ee ameee eee 7 : c = etxled - a & ~ E c | aaa = —— ~ — ; | =Ous 2 Bao! the chayac teris lie. -eyualin. aie ai ens 44) and hente Lo A8- 5A t+ TAS. aaa ~fAeT {toae] | [2 fe Leal al - a a “ante: 2a-j49") +a-1_ __§ 4-60 aa 2a= =l=oe - pote _ _ -B+acd*- FA + 8so0- _ ee _ a > as -sa*t+F 9-350 aoe —— Aeosct 6 HL Freatem — “ AS- sp t4+ZA-Bl=0 = een — Given _ _ - es | basa 0 8 3 af oh caveman sr ae LE Fag ere 3F FR ER CHEER ste i ee te pil Ls afottafolanuner _ Wi! fe ee se _ — 7 Ang oo : —|G @ ec & ©| Bux ewer. of qg_Nbtin se a fe maliix as a Bapenal Motxin_then— fren Ht andi = a \thexe m= +ve_ inkegen —_ ia af nadie ds _Non= Sige —— ee Sf -Ma}xix dh om ~dhagenal._ adn tan sed _] Ce Oma x veg syne Bb . z ——e«p (D)- 2 es 2 ven__mada{y_ Jy _Non- altegora| | wrod six then | a Plexea)e-| — - ee AL ae a “oligganal_madyix CaO] Af gprenT $n (D) = [Ina 0 o = __ _6 _Mndg 6 _ — {| log Inada} © [21 Af Ais mon oli eaa)—_malita__then = g a | Rank of a Malzix = “2 |B) chleling any ews —ad—any column af — . Cet eg soe fea ge —sub_—“matyix__of —___ [engine ome se € o of _toe__and__ column. of Q. x toe _tni}} Rank —of 0 anadeie — the —enaler of — te [8x3] #0 = f(A)-3 - _ =O => S(al#g FF Any ax] #0 then fade 2 othexwise Lo || {@/e |e je | ist | a] 9] C/O; e|S|@1e]/¢ | | 1°[very onadet ais a - bm rit of Teal | 7 [——tSibarde + —— 323 malin a?) Legert ub _| ah —e seeebal 5 | ———t Babi fa LAR malta i q eae LX) —> smallest — Bab_merdrrt: {os alsaal less Tale 6] > +2 ; af — =) -2-4 +f =0 Siesta ee meee eeeFe a ingular__matyix of | Fa Rank of nade of — nn “matrices can -net exceeds." tha Sot pat matrt x. {426 J _$ (AB) ¢. SA) . 7 a [ot | [ream 22]- a : _ ft a -l [em _| © uss] The rank of pe omat | o OQ -) | yg Go ex 2 epued— do Q __\ a (omen) © @Mio (by fw (4) 2 (ol) _4- 4 © gol _ - _ __ f co as [Q = oo) | © _ Sn (hese se | Se (= ae is = 6 —— a = ~ -_ c JES _ _ a c o f=) | = [fata Es “lo {nei 2,20 - . Mee nto so [ SY-piUtsQel)e0 se ey ae fit zo thn Ne 1 7 2] fiihtIti)=0 dla, eon -l- 1 idete) | Tne }-—2.,b, Came! 2 4. an all. |_liffexend —tul_athies oO a the numbers _0,b,C__om. —e pitt dae ie pate — fh “Hid 4 O all__aliffere renl_and ath+c #0 co [ne : et gt eg pe? | Tag? —— == —=5—-Cb=! — a), Hib=6) Cat btc) 7 — 5 =) (hea) (ca) (hoc) (athec)- {ae Sinw \ fa ine Co) Ly) _ oe ee =ee) _ Spe — = §i Coral. 28 - Rte} © 0 | Hewe fo(@) ix _callee! Relation madatx or SL Rodation _ eperader—_cerrespancing ta anticlockwise : | rotation —angle 8 abut —z=axis._ ss : _vdnp. Propel 8 | cel aoaeajeler-ce MOlD1O| Lo Roladtumel — modi is otha anal isin nature | and__ite __olelewminan? i obuange an i» | Here K2(@) is —callecl Relation matrix ox ‘ | Kedah —e rotor corresponding te__anticlackwise © bmp Prepesby __ —— © 0 | Roladiened. maha —orthaganal is in nodure es “Toand. ile —slelewmina’ is bs always eee CR feel — of Plaats T 38-D) cf (ose J 2 s ot aa eT fagapeet seyl zp 2! FCO a4 Bind _ ot 3 8 Sin + 4 Cog f —_ @ _ Z ~ — ~ 3 c - Gsp___Sinp __O ee: oA (a) = | = Sin sg__0_} = oO 2. 1“Halse a a eethegonal— and della of — _{ Oo ___O _ Be (2)= | 0 Cora S00} — ——a losing one] __| 2's 2eab +x Gs (20-6) \ |= eee FB] —— | x: Xx Che. A +2 lw / 'gorf) ae 7emee sl Pee = 2 8tas f : | Refilechion —[absia + —#- et ws | ~te kf Te fy 7 _ ene ___| EP = sist _ _ Se _ feo ey 1 go Reflection Mateca | Applicadian faxt_ of Ubtalag —____! ( j+———— 1 Rolodim Maden [2-p J = ——___ Sy. py ee e | els e688 ay dete a cee8) % v's 86,0 +4 Sin —O\ (v7 + — y= 22 Gos Jae0) + 4 foa8 NS ee y z= 28ino +4 Gs8_—@ Ot gor8) : one or - = x] -—_| Coxe Sina f a _ yi] (= s00 Gaal (4, — ; fat 2 | Here fRa(0) iy —calleel Relation malzix or | —Ralabim — epernar—cextesjaanelin, tag —to_analitlaclenise angle Babak z= 0X18 | Rotational — modi Js —_oxthagenal is in notuxe Land ifs __cle}exminand — oom HE Koladion of Molin [3-D)] - * a = =| lose Te 2 i & ; {| {2,y,29 2» yd ~ se! = lap __ Z sis ~9e y Cond _ wf et a — a Gse Sind oO \ : {| ____ f(a) _= | - sine _xg__o} f 4 ~ Oo 2. L<7 cee a DL tittle | —-— | Plan ty ty = Had a . __| for X= oxi E 7 _ lu _ ~pemy ir oo = Z Hexe Soe =I bys o SEES Te } -ft o)fm\ | tet “| |p y fe =H [itt ae : # Papel of Ref beien Medeix E | ion aba rae m | 6 a {fa Suppose Pr vel oe © tb fat iahed ll he dis nna : Piel jee fee taxmaelinals, sxyshem _x'yy), 2! ae const P= = - of +34 Po eeeeeeseee al tz = [ee a = $08 * + —_ sme oO ae Zz ee: Pe _ _ _| | sel [Cosh O “= Sinks _ fF t) peeaar "el Se la oO | 6 3 2] Al sings 0 Gate (2) a eee eee |) fs) ee ec] 3 [tp ___| fa, —— eer 7 [Geet sy Tea ef = _ fing [| ¢! 2 obs 40.84 eee a —|_yesoffetoby hl 2 2 aketody 2-00 = ob eouee ene 2 — - | Se - Ess -Tar error SreeSeé Ta ahaa £ Badd the ~chawavferisdic rao} (6 en_valus) i bap at is as a oe ee areeeetae Sigen ele of _pabit a8 As = — Y Ars ‘ e| —1f —mabrices andl tf | hearse jo = — Css Aep ipl A fly 9 pane olins a gant —tenpacle EE] EPLIED H OO BO, O|Oa SEES eE— == See _ _ a= 92, tbz0 | oe ay = W227, - -= tmedlulue 4 ae =v _ cee | aig 2 =O = Jar! ft) | ‘ i _ *Y maginary 1 9 - ia mo] “°° QLOoe | gaedqantag f) WwW A |A eS | i247.) <4 lalelz.) Va=t)%_17,)- 122) ( jaz.\ = jz) 12.)= a; wf meee 7 _ a : = ab Hel — a ott i 219 (225) on arg Qt 0g : _ (| ars (2 amore age a - 2 aaiy _CGslesn an Coroedinale) a a] Ze bse aint eee C F-Fale fed = oe af a iy 2 _a+ih ee — _ atiy ee oy) - = tty = orp Waha be => 2ah = +¥e Rect ‘bon = taal: pa ee Lid tole thi sagesh E ah whieh it ‘ : sty to Sarna alus| Sal “Bai __ _ W384i _e qath. —— ealatty Satth pp eneebtue fade) Ye -Ve g teens appete mip {et Sq tee ee pga) aleven muktpae of 2g TAN Cos DC , Sin SSin Jon Ste Odd wualliple of % Yam CFO, Sins ta.” dan-dGl Ltply and ddurete hy a a ace ——~T2 and {sice Commun - 2 a alse 2 my — J DY] F° ankkeletew? se.Og 2) = argc) HOTye 7 mage +O = Bre : a sty acre? = ety imme foe | eee | ary eect 1) oe ee Zz La | fusilz] = By —O — (arg (2 gl 19) ets m3) A | So Rods vecler is colatee $5? antichckwise #} +} Ua youl pln) C= ee Sr _ { - =| arr les 4 4pactine tnbegen fe hich i a ‘lrit oo aa = [ya ita a0 \" a eae enema “ rn Ore eee o =? I a | op hr ph —| — | es} 4 i = 2 ing — Gitar = ym ewe oO le__e@nc| = | tha veckers v ne sol | tz 2at2 = pa ——+ 2. fn A 5 opti (y why Cooreek. ma = K Base x — 2. Fp AR Seen neeenenEnEE eee as nee oa ee a = $1Z we be Cube. ly. Ahan Hae eon Fey —Proeh sof unt = — fee Lew 99 thw felling ae tinborys8) $4 8) = ~~ = ta infil oil! be ec tw) wnt) Ue wF p08) = == £n fatler =. __—_£ So pabeeb eae Opt Sp a ps ed feral) (aioe eon file —— Fe pay acd)” a _{ ae aital tal®e oe. vielen jer / Hu Sum a Le ik ees Sloe Sig Ag @|i_ wei a1 “Wd - 1 Paty ib tonat) derm — = st = 1 corte 2n- ra 1) texan : E ¢ 2 —=+—fare 1 2n eum consi aub. ft} — ae = a a4 € 3 ial s- Aiu_s6 aeane-tes and [then eT ar eee Su} one a ee ® | | | Feaa aca_ es pe UL ata) a aan) ri ee Beto — — ; _ aS + doy = exist ede = chest en = Uso we fake @ ave Vpn Im-Y) ecb > Li (8p) 2 — # etn = ag (asl) eee Pes eee) ee : a atl _ 0e pee _n. <1) 2% > “dan? 3 Ba © al 8 i E So a ad € i antl Jen 4 6 lane | é . naan | © = [Aen —soly — fj we @ fae Ce Dy ~—__|_{ew + Sel" | Usa wd t (paw wt \ {nau} 4 pew) agaqas 2 RT N34sn Eafe p= Rl EB tp} Ae S ft AL | {f-20056-=magp_aral Rosh = nt dh pre. a Sel! {crt leeiiveeth ai ca. eee ga a cof PxaQak = 0 é€ - aaare eee c Wirral aia +z —— rete — ; te prlF 71+e a pn @)- Orde) GDA. 3) teed c ; | cst PPB, fen _ = < z vie = ZF fea) _ Ls | | | | ——s ag@ey = = 7( th) |e ea tree? emt ee r fee3 : == eH fae sy } a iti) Scene ke Cape anne Yc venta A pd PSE = { tr) aafto acpoy@yeye wT_ | sof a.) [Gost BinFly _') =“Sin Ap, Gg ala j- = fo =) \ fe _a ne Lex] Emon _ ee Ef Fob) x2 4 — —— \ | J } is | IALOIOIS OIF ISICISIAE if ° lo ae a ercrayeyeyeT 7 fate el 21 —_ — _ = - > 42 | | Pal = _ is. a a flv: EVES v | eee 7 ae) [du =O. \rawe-0 & fe fa — oO -| fre [Pf o al _ Lo © oo / jrcaf| =e _se = = _| O-anbt oe | Paget = er butt hot ~ Hfrewttes fy p v G { —e: (mag) 4 (yey) eR — — —- +5t fe — Pelee v 48242 My | Ys ae = — PaLoroere | ) | qa opapqe Bypobre - [So Crvet ut punchivon _| unglepe whith 4 _ert-stele of feral shee 0 (Ze —J Pa Sino (= “pnadle a Smode | 2A —— SSS aoe ao ot Civatolle “2K > aR=H So lard } as. . 'ITT I \ i A L gob a [477 f £4. 411} | 1a tht |, +4 g§ 4 L tld i} y gpighs ale seh ie | | a 5 q oe Pel SiC] Gla wi CIVIG sl Ol Slolols oex E- THOMSON [METHOD -- era Be i = (24) x = $y (= 44) oe) Hoe hte » b.(Z0) by pulling = 2, Yeo SS) {2 “| E (20) - i$, (2,0) Jd Cosel: af Toma? bs a. qiven = ¥(9%9) “Sr given “Hi loug) 9 Be otal] Step 2b ealedate 02,0) , (2:0 Step ii Step ar tia): JC¥e2.0) +i Py (2,0) Jolz ae aay v =e" (xesy ~ 15iny ) Sol? oo. ve. . oa é ("Gry ~ ysiny ) +e"Cesy) = hes av. ze" (-20Siny — sin 7 1-9ery) = Ye (%i) 4 (2,0) eS ef. Zt ee Ty (2,0) = ae? Po f@): > lorife zre") dz pos PX IteWy U-v = (Bry) ( ar taey ty?) SM we Leys uaty = - (ai) fiz) =U -v) 4c tuay) Fiz) - Ute Uslu-wWe Cary ts Se gay tyY) Uv wb BE CT) (tm HE ray yt) = fey Me = G) (art ay t vy) (a-y) [tae2y) = Fela) 4, (2,2) 2 2t422 = 32° bo(20) 2-2 42> 32" fo F(2)= | 4(29) -1p,(zied}a2 (set 32") da ED) a 22? Fla)= 2? Cee) . 2 Fea) f(z) a | dn - Zev) aFewer Series Expansion Ag a Compbex finetion {@) ws Onolydic at Zea than we Can alo power Sees expansion ~abou~ of {@ about Zeq, {@ = Say (z-a)” | neo fl2) = 45 +0, (2-4) tag (2a) ~~ ~-- Ua powes Seves expansion of f(z) about 2-4 may Converge within a olfse of Complex plone or In the intirve Complex poeone or ata Pertiewlar yoni °f. te Complex Lana” be Disithin a Pf Kise gad os ° 1? 2 Zs tat Ze ce ---- for Gnvergence anol divergence y Series > 1) =(n " ° He z |, Grverges Ena = C v aed 1 [2] 71 en Series overgess sere po [fe] [22] = J2I zn So Series will Con verge lz] <1 hae IZ] 21 thal olenobe’? Sa. . 7 oC:} z-4| 1 olenotes ciyele whose center C14) ard recive Yr. | etiy -al =y I WefinZ72 [maar (sera)? yoer? Jz-tal-> Center ( 0,q) wars ® . another example : i Jzler" 2 (Gere (010) , Vad > opr yre | 80 121.21 -wepsesents pa, qrel Se Series will Gnverpe fr Hea ae within Ha chele [2] 24, Vans hin we pul an) value {7 which “de Inside. Ha ete readlivs 4 Han ‘this sem gives 2 mite Mans ¥ Gonverges) » (2) Endive Complex Plage iond x a £ 2 od Cate ee ° Pe 2 ter ayy By st feu]. [2M me) dal. tn ey} 2} tna) Che!) - h>eo => | tay (ann Sexes qyyes * Lllen ne. of Jems =o 47 (tu onres a5 an inf vs) bn ‘ine. aa te vem) So Series will Converge oll vadues( Pe Z e fk series will Converge in fe tndive Compter plans :¥@) At A pew Heitor pont of Lomples fone - a- S ZN) © paztZeeyeeegype oo n- a pap yh aee Wee So sum =4° (finite) Si) [4] = |e boo) tn Pais = (nt) /z) a) |] D5 Z=O thy gevies de wi'll Converge. & Radius of Convergence of be fewer Sexies- a "Suppose a Complex function oe 1 ana ly tis of 2-4 anol Hx mer: Series pension ye Such thot dey power Bevies Coniers es fr [2ra]< Ard DNeges fr )Z-a] >R whou ascseal no. “azreal No. est aa ae 2 Gola / rely uv Imag “Hen Me 2 k}a Fla Raclitus of Coversrence. of Peres Sev Tes ,Th muthamedical ferme fr Coleutating Ye Roolus of Gn vegerce 5 Sevres, a), On_, ] = Reali R= fin | an 7 " of Grvenence » Ec 4 }z| 2) Gnverge )2}7! Diverge $o JR =] A S 2s entixe Gmplex Plan. no") Crrele R.2@ ra ve 4 Rodius vf Gmvesgerce, by fe fem (wt)! ' i . Re fim hI T ) 7) in ma noe ay A en ey ow but cracle rf Reolius o IF8)by formula: ca Re Lem eae ee Mea (nth) ~ na) a | Region 4 Cnvesgence + {) = = C (42> -3i)” n= iP Calculate Roolius cn vergene anel Regven ¥ Gnvergen { thes power Series. Ba? fer 2 ue (-2-8i)” nee (Hy)? ‘ a= 3t R= dim (an) Gey” me (ry ‘(ent2)] + Lin foes | Che) fate: (ana%(end)) Inte) (ant) 2 rk)? ma + Lem ND w*( 24k & (24) R= | Thy He rach us GrvergeneeRegion of Gruergence. [za] 4 ao [lee “4 a ae 4 % Taylor Series Expansion & , Complex finer ley analy tie of all points insicle are Bon Hs civcle a? \zZ~ a} = R a ths Tayler els) Eacanstom ft) ee pint Insvdle- ehele ab tall!” ier : ins + faa) + ecah otcles 0; x devi mina age C81 R Deo 22 92 “Fle Seyler Series expansion fu fonction Ln (Gsha), wh X Sa real, abned pein) xeo- Slants wlth fhe 4 fellactn, eer @ dt hatye OD fae bat a. w -4 ata batty -s ds path, _— “Sl fel {oy + ler Cre-9) + ‘es tare? freer? + ita 1 ot Boao4 (ee) = hy, She Sonia {to pe ie {"(2) 5 B8echia. é Sech« tan ha) © ~ Psechey Hen ie tof m {' (oe) =-2 [ danha. 28echa. (-Sechatanha) + dech' See") a a 4 = [+f tanks Secha 1s ec htx ] ee 122. % d= ep hota oety C2 oh fo : OF OT ORE Ray Bem = ae 2 . dat & at ge + +) ats 2" Fab ayK) Lah ety a” qn a Ay AID Pind He fires three dems 7 te Taylor's Series expansion o (2)2 2 mreyin af gh) Eile het 22. Rd He , i Convergence F Sel {l2) a ; (2-3) (2-4) 2 - 46 — _ $pAras¢ (2-3) (2-4) (2-3) (2-4) [Yh 3es6 2 eae ray 7 Merv) + B(2°3) Sane = Fe —S5e-9) = 9 2( Are) -¥A-3B RIB:firs eS dey oden Bike wea =| B-2et [fe fe) (2-2) + EL) cea" Pa] fleas {"l2= = ‘ . fer ew ~ feyn dle Fk a)! +f 7)3 2 {ley . S " + we = — _& ”, tear Byala: 2 Lr 2(2-2) 46 fy 2992 -2° I | un i el? Denn ve % a V9 q a 3 “a, =f ) ds 2k -0 0-8, Oe Ie D QF ge we aginne Wy rao ne} eon Inay neg pe Re din Sin nee One sob mani Pe [R=)] So Rachias of Onsen Rey Se Regen “h Gnvergence > Jz-al eR Ph,LAURENT SERIES : # LAURENT SERIES. , plex panchion wy analyte od oll pein ls on wo Qncentrig drrele web eral hy are Cas | 2-01 = ted so analytic 2 Points in the angle between he civele. ae He Laurent sr ioe {2 at z~9 a all point ie Bee ennular region —blw G and Cy a t - itl 6 ond gf fi t—? Prince [f= &, 00 -q) "+ 5 bot Bie a)” eae Cp asa fea 5 ne? anal he 2 vipa “12 annular See ; 6-40 “Te first few terms in the Laurent Series pp OO fale) In the "wegen 12]2)42 and around, 2=4 4‘ A fod sa Ascumt anf 2 ng yy hic analy he, pool .« tL. — he te ttl) © Clt-t) ¢ Ow fe "dere? esate y Tee [put ala em Lken [eee | fay =p CEH) oo pntrt Hanpre esi tive aa (24) (29) a & i : ic Expand , oi owing fanetin Th layvent Series. ! = fee eos (0 f(z) se) about th pole Z=-2 u) sax th en tj fel “3242 in the 797 lal 4) wlzbrs 30D | Soy Ss ty: t 2 oS °? ft eo 5 (t-2) Ze-2 ~-%tacet Dtzo Sots burger . . A ie (2) gy 3 Woe) a V €X% . £4 Se e-k 2 #2) golb ert £7 8 “e- t.ho Hae ET: 5 - ee leat lie Peoaay® tery? 9 (232) + A-+ 8.4 1 a? > = * Ae houcrenh Sevies ee of Hu complex poredion {= ci G-2) ny He xeqin \2~ iy can be. expressed os / 2 1° canes) wt} [zl zd a tly Zz B A(Z27t BZ) ~~, = AL B 2 ea [2-0 * (2-2) _(2-b2-2) =) Al2-2) + Bl2-i) ez f=-l , Qe9 de -_) aoe le eee i = (2-2) a tr ¢) it)? "W \ ah te a CHO Qin chins - 4 => + 2 Deptt oJ a at Gest \ 1 ot + ine _ é +t ae get et 8 ~ 1 J eapn rien yr a ace! ahhatzor rom (24) hast tha oe {uni 2 rob analy dic i “ [m=aw Suppose a Complex afunciton 42) suth thot { el, {ta PN et ond all other higher oleviva tives of {@ 4s 0. ot 2-1. Fh, Nel oy fez) af 2- 4 all eo Sal". Heve nedim analy tie about Ze! So b Taylor Sevies expansian « {) > fue {2-1 LO ete Mi awh = La (21) th) (2-1) 4 ote peo a lfzre zed (207 ot ze l 2 1 ei fi $ 4g )e gta(2) - at (4 © Ant. +& Singular foints ofa Complex fonotian > v > Singublas_foint “Thee? cow ta ol which N Ja net ana ly fe.” eiis ven jet Singular ints Tsotaled Non-Tsolated Q Tsolateel Singuley fink, Ay a complex uretion {2 wonot analytic af z Zeco neti > get hee > Zo Cub pz co, 2ro ne @w-l) zee | ne cor2, 220 So 220 ill be a ron fsolated poinks ,Th tase °. non—Tsoleded “Singular points the dendttron K Sinaalasi hy 3 satisfies by infintle many poinds. “Fla point Covsespond in +o nso will beg Ron P80 latee Stnqulare ae fnel off He other points on teoladted “Sin gulace pots. 4 ee / &X {t2) Bnnz G.O8. +) Sinnzso D fe = 070 2 Zen neo, tht2a-77 D >» Zs Jy. Lse Tsolated Singular Binls ct Essential Non- Essen of feme vable or 5 Ble : a Suppose a Complex gfuncttm {@ fas 4 iSola ted Bingubaee ind zea tun tu Lmecent Sevies ®A pansion fe) abat 2:9 Gy - ee {2 = 2 Og (2a) F _bn heo np (2-q]" L I Prindpal fast {te eapansion ,1 JTsolated Essential Singular foots. . 301A SS eEN tA IN ary __yoin ny fla psnepl pee laurent — Sesies Expansion comtatne infinite : mi neg ative Peer cteom (2-4), Hun =q ie a Isolated Essential Sing dar foto? of Fa. 4 Gr fa) et Bel? C08! 2-420 >» Z=4+ So Z=t¢ di fselated 8ingular point Bo JOM ry te + 1, oC ce (2-02) 7 loos of Here (2=4¢) Rave fn nite nos n (B49 o power: of (2-4) t % haga hive So 1b 4 a Isolatect bssental Srnulars re J. Tsolated Non- Essential Si ule hints oY Isolated foles ¥ a te principal el 4 Ye Lawren)- Sesles expansion contain finite no. ¥ pn fren tens ff (2-a) © ¥tan zea oe SP nga point OT Ble of S flare Zane Gronsae 2tera? 20 2) 2=2,-% So 20 andl <2 an. two Iso ladecf Hn glove paste, etSe See eee fa) = era + Cara)” Cee Rasdive hy wers- hegelt ve pees a Be 22-2 iw Hom Casential Singular Poin Ze-2@fegq pet ordey. 2 o's herve heigheet ropa {rve peer 4 ] MR “heighest hgative en present in Yu. Ae jole! Sevies Expansivn will be oreles of Ad G4 dy > fees) oprin © oy Correct because here heighest negative fern 4 zw 4, © Lichll femelle Slob taeda Laurent -zseyPe enpanster yf {2 cntabng he o hon pore deem je~ tn eq 2 oO vemavable -gin ules op ; nd (2). Sqr {lr> Baa ’ ( “ C0.s. ! 220 f(2) = = 4+ [z- By Bee. J 3) {t2) 2 gage& here there po negative owet of Zz $o 2-0 Wo vemeyable “Singulere pot Gf fil. in, az ed [bie] eo = OM Bfscuss The nodwee of Singubenity wearing the felling Com plea flostione. Ww {2 ~ oe, at 2-4, 2=00 1 Sol! {> Czar, Sin a2( 2-0)” C0-S.! Sinng (2-a)% <0 Cithey Sinazzo0 or - {2-a)"=o prong Isolated singular [zn] vin}. . Poy Bm ne le of er 2 ef Sot! oq Non-Essenjicd OF Neon Essential Singer Tsalated ingle fein. foint So Z2q —> TI. fle of ordev 2 . eee) Sacre) W) {rave sin fi) w cas. (i-z) <0 Ze1 Yseleted singular point° gs fk od toon es sto (ats) [w ia)? / a Hay have infinite no. of negative over sterm. SG ael fs a fsolte! Essential Singular por (vi) {@ : ram 7 Z-axzo . ZEA] Toeleted Singular point & laurent Seve s bapansio» gt Z-AS . Zetia bf § Hy J . ~-tyt wth y a t* 3 5) : 3 {re = -—l pace 4)p (cake ZA) 3) 5} Mere hela st weaalivs poser ed So z=KR Sy Lesalates pe le ¢ oveler 4, | thy fs an exephional Cree, Y } becaus ofler gern {) ee San Bay. es of “ordey 2 bub it drueeDee I 4 Ane en : 7 wv) fo : ae Zhe). gilts $e Cotsen > zh . oll2ntla — n=0,1,9,8 NZ = gl ernie frees order 4 } Ze elle fa zs erie ' a = ze vel? ; n? hed Gay) - ily i2AIh) Pollo Ye solution 2") = (2-e z-e ° . ; iSayy I ( imag ? Se if we Joke neHeg) (2-e ) (2-6 ) Hor ans, oy fan, or if we dake nzo,t} D So fl Sy Psolateal Singuller GV Pte ans, font 7 order 4.* Kesiclue Ata Singulor fafot* Resfolus of Qa Complex furolien fer a Singular pom 3a te” measurement Angle ab the! pertfedler goin}. / Residue = Amount of sinqulanty ov Amead of Nem - Analiyhicrty Cased- Restle At a siimple Ble (Ale of der 4) theo I 7 i Bethel Res { (z=) = lim (2a) fe] 224 Method Ie as aie fellestng wmple WU > 1722 jo) Z(z2-)(2-2) Zev , 2=1,2Z=-2% Fsolated pole hae hee-tzeo) = bm 3) 1222 ae , B50 ) Fe Nia-a Belesmrhe Hpe and Goore spoacling oes folues of functors. » _ at ~ 3 fo Res} (2-1) e shiny 5 (oA) 122 203 2r2) > de ApRes|(2-2) = dtm - [-2 | 22% (2A) 2eNigaf 2 fina Case IE Kestdue ata pee of ower V - Creneval . Sorreuly Res {9 =4) ‘Yr tate den’ inf] As” HAW Pelesmine the poles ard Cevses/zonelfng edd vestdyes e © |louwi Omplen functions. 4 filing omplen ff W Jay. 2 . {{) a 2( 2-2) — =- = fole (2) > fle) Se Res { { (2--) = tein Ld: [Pr zen. ak 2 (2)h., = (%2).22- 2% (2-2) 2-1 a -U-] _ < (i-?)22 Res fto=t) > dim, CA) eneses C2 ye _ ({E- OQ . Case TIL = Restdue at an essental Hag lay Binks fle . = a, (z-a)” neo Res. (2-4) = by z Coafficient tl oth Ls€ _t (2-4) [eure ad —& a. rei) {ti- we llz Sle Zro ZTE + tee + ts a i i Soy. ee oe %)} ~() 3) 7 Ying Reskdn ot renevoble singular point sero,Qe. Ru fur rein {2)> = (2-3f Sin (25) has a vesiolut of gk at + posh 2-9. Fa vee of nob equal ea Sel {2 (2-3) Sin [be ) ae a = (2-3) [es ea Ge | = (23977 (a-3)"? 2-8)" ~ ne “sy TSeyi, °! Resicu oe Out het Pn above vane 4, =b becoz 5! +/20 So (2-3) aerate ft nega tive deym Ph Above expans hr ; - nese nese | dey = (273) "e (23) 2 TheF n-0= -} neex CaucHy INTEGRAL THEOREM bp eco function {re 4 analylfe of all points Tnsiole and then © m a simpte Closed Curve ¢ f ferdz =0 | Stmele Curve = Non Intersecting Curve. * CAUCH EST DUE THEOREM ee eee eee eens anes At a Complex faneh an (2) fave some singular goin: for, Inside “a simple Clesed curve C. Thin ~ Pj de =Qai [Sum of the Resflues at the ¢ sf. woithinc “] five ~2ai [Sum ofa vedtdues at €.P. usithin © > for Clockwise oF hugotive Curve, at 2 2 43! Fo velw of tHe fntegrad ¢ Sin(aZ] ts (AZ), Jo . c (2-1) (2-2) . fay ' Whe Cc oe the ciscle Jz) =3 Vraversed fy ?y OnHelockusts » Aivecdim — gsi) ber ? st {@2) > } Sintaz’) + 9 Caz) 4, “ ¢ C2-1)(2-2) COS) 2S (21) (2-2) Fo Shr wel, Zee mn tahfl 2~1 : . > i DX Sofa to 0 Res fc =1) . (aS Ca we fe ~ Gna$ Cin =I a ii ! Residus af 2-2 Res {0 2) = ty, Is Ban a (2-) ; ~ Painter oy | ( =) poten ani CI4) = Fal na 0 af cfs Hu “conbenn olefined! by [2] = Volus “f tte tnbewrradl plz feo © Ce Cnr ‘Oni So? — Co.s. D> Sirr2= 0 > Snecro => Z22hn ne o Piet, 2 > Z=O, tn, tex, - 2+ 8 |) 2r0 > (0,0) .- > ZA S (Ajo) So only Zeo Ont butes , other points aNDdoo sec soit SY a nen Isolated sin, wher pointe. cae others aro Tso faleol Sing) who (ola "20 w jSolated pole of tee Ze alae eH {2 Sin? aha Hao = oll / 2 ae 1] 220 = Sin®2,.e2~ 2262 Caz) Sinby za Ze By t' Hospital Rule +AllernalPve Phocl_ a i ew. .«--b-_-— Sin? 2 ~- 27,25 2 [2 a J : Spi zs ae as) : , wer Zz o Restduy Goff (t) 26 so hevhdeso Soalgpoceas § Gna 2 fs wr ley analytic funebion fr) BAB Af te eal part of a Comp b f' i ‘ven os week oe Tea areyt) ) Hen fo) ‘Om he withn os - ge" aug) SHC me. EP Cn) seta’) te Toy (oy) (28) of -iw Hou ‘ Be ET baad pnts ana) (27) ofs a FV (® 2-2/2 dk $, (2,°) > Gab.dg. fiz? fe se Qi2knBpek, $2 (2,0) » - age, Fa J e2d Yq le At “ie )8.98 “Flr contribulion af ty point 2°32 in evalua ton 2 $ bona dz Colin g ts a Circle } 2] = ) fs equal to? ve were eg el® (oy ~ 2/3 eu $ ton de pS {2d 2 nz. “ ZG, 2 Gi2=0, 2-0 PS 2-( mtg MPO, 2= Foy nee Bea Res flee %) nz - D Gs 2-2 Hnz — o- A+) = -2 R Ans _ (248212 fo * zl 2428 = Lauren} Series expansion Th He hauren pmet( zo) Seems of (242) @D Bee A ihe mana ve v2), in a ex or -242=t 5 to present eat" flaps (288282) [Seo tage ae 2 (2423 far cel caecr’) | = (eee | = egy! bes 2 (242)? Se £2) : 2 Ue = (26am) POP? Bethe 2 Ceseye] = LE ey cy bir = Cen) oy eee oS ZC 242) - soe — oe ro) . = anlacae EL Tze? 9 (ay y.9 42 . on “pee tea fo BaF Pighest ay (24b) ) (ave Hen) regptite prey of (zen 7 oa é eek | dele Rtey )—_1—-, (+e) ' 2 \- € so See) er"! 2: ann Seott isola ted! pele f oveler J, ad : - ' F . 9 {(2) Biaut. |” Hh Fegtn CY Fe) <1 gy fz) 28 : . 5 2 Gm ow {ev —— ZU gate \ (2-2) (2-1) (2-2) * (1) + B [-2) (\-2] () (1-2) ~ "2 (1-8) ew fl-z)7(ty) f(z) =dan(t) af 2=0 {2 stan (3) - $l) @ (4) Git =o >) ds taney 7 [oe - a Gn ae fort) e 250 > pon v int So Zeo Gersespends to non solebee tingular po/nt . 2 Ay FW) oo at (0/3) Rio tele gay ot ery Z c € WO" Feray~e = 2%(2%q) £0 D2z=0 4 hole of order 2. 2243! aS { Gry 5022 31any fe Sinz BN2 <0 > 2 na por th ta, =) Res {leens) 2 | eons Heve N= WW pon ssolatect “Sag who point and lf point RAcesth=o an Saple ieabateo! pine 4 pred. Ga 2 Ww a) ole ic 2(24A1 1C! Cirele 7 [243/] =] {(2 a on 2 (erat) 2=9, 2= azar (eo, 0) (0,-a) x (o - 3H) ef} )243r) 2) (%)-3) I: ani [Res flz)=-ai] So it ss pole hal cae Ow 6 eat? Gi actaele of last fm-2. Sinha Snh2zsoote © 2 - Sint, ao Cos hz. = Cog '2 ' 1 ‘Sin hz s PSin'z > -&niz zo " DY Veena > Zs nr AL oF ZeO ww =m --alw (0)-*) ei) fra f zt el!alz ) ce Geele of 121 = EP 5 220 = ot = {(z)22 ('o4 det tae Z04) the / So ad ter mrt pbrartion fro nigative term ub He vestdus anol sue 1d q Bo Res * 4) &, 2ai (ie) = AL Ars' 2A * Evaluation Ge ffl Gx, 800) de >, eve we wan? do avert above tnteg sal in 2 ty pine 2. a Contour C. for thie translrmaltin we Gnsirley C; lz} =) Hee 6 ba Ciecle center at (0,0) ane! vadus <) Weve tn fdoce of 4 we chose an atigit but fe motu metreal “impart Ly we ansioley unit sadvus. Now - ‘ Za igene > ze!‘ 2A pg B14.) J B08 ~ 20d. Atle an . we twe lo Gaver “te : . vert 9 {2 “| Fn" eer tn Sineas fr means 5 AArivse every part Baw e paver RP GntD. | Gseg —— dé a : Peg - tee 2 ° 24 Ge 2a = af |= C129 - #618 ig X+Gi0e a e® <2 Re Ha 7/2 ieee ~4 zat 04 Pete Dog inie (hom of reside - dep of & (2): Hey kt i¢ az (2° teary L = Reel [zt § fF Leta] C8. = 2atet co \ 2 7 5 x(-22 03) - -2te aZe -2@thI32 <.» ae [-oreo) 2-2-1792 2 e.782 (- 3732, 6) p foes - [Sen hesf(2>~ 248) ] _ Resid > af Zax -2Afy (1-2 42) (ate 45) (2+ Ff) (242-73 ) pa eye ZAUN J I~ (h- 2~ e(-erds) eres 9 Bk Ss - (3-278 49) a8- op eae VBA gPe spo pe 2/3 oP ae Cie 2S; A Ress ° 7 {> 8. fora = 2arx dp dk c i -4 2 2aAn, 23 oli Inte 233 Fla valu of in gr fem ° lano-nalee vin ai" 2 ae é co -n0) — J Ca (n6 cn eyole 0 ian 2 —s 4 ef'8 githne-0 8); 2 Af / ** Gua vi8n9) -ine “Ale ) AE of . 2 de = > ed aT en] Le Gonehi toon of ~sanguton ity zmlso . igen “Sf 250 UW ing wher pon ovdler (ne) Bo kes af 220 dn 2 tye PS] = ir ent} — Nn) Los Re 4 [220° 4 ] 7 a2 fy* Evaluation oF Real meee integral Using Guplex fnteqratim & Tyee le {12 andontain only algebraic faredren ¥ “Phen we can chose He onses i 2) Vr Same fe of (2). {eo fei M5 ;} a) Bf the singles points { te first ff) anis then does not dies om rveod J fad. = > fal [= Res. at Poles withing —an [14m 2 fez) te % er a [fine > dat (som y Res af poles within )-*est) Fppiotellkn points aw not ad veal axis, 403 90 1 dad 9.90 (i) J tia)? 4 fm . at 22/3 Sf (1rz*) <0 S& 2: tt —» fales a ordey 3ye J Eas # 2ai [Resfiz=1)) ~ in ip, (24c)) Res ot 2of | ose . i; ; a of, (2-2) Thy? ~ PP lew Caray) = z 2 [-3 (2H) 7" (140) a [-3(-#) (2 7] a rice tail ® e oe Loi din, =z tle 220 (iazys eS 9 3 Zo peat 32 ky ian — z = Pa P3 +32 34924 = o stos So j oz (crokee = 4 Ui) eS A. tesalte - on ‘nau: tnt af fla function fe) (4) et wt " : ust red will Li geal or v ‘ 24(2) fytode ~ni | Fees. a poles wilin]-inflled ~ ee en cane Tyna eR int ' But whin fort om gee cacte to pont | Sat when pot on not jy veal axis we Rave excude that poik we olf a oivele. and angle deaw a Semicirols 2 af Givcle oy ag, anal angie seen'civdle wa! g. fia = a [at 1) {@) = (2%)? Cog s sryreg Z=tp doth tn veal apis ve - So [aba 7 fre Ple=1) + Res fle=") J ia.by 24 zg ) Ree 251 3 ce (ef ays = ag (cv cael]a al hy (271)? (e-1) (a)e ech cene 3 teftese (Sj) ze ti (2) oie! (1) o2ni (hes } (2h) J yar [Resf(2=4 ]oin fiw 2beeeu tf f@) Con tains drigonone trical functions CONT sim) Je alongwith algebric forebeon of “Tin we Com Gheose fiz) such that the veaf a imaginary port y {@) will be {9 St fra) = Gram (2) el@Z tf Coy? 7” fe (241)? @) tt Ye singular points > f2? does nok Avs Dh) tr te weal axis. aL ° * ® 4 ager porats { fo de on eal axis ' [yew > ni [Sim of th vesidues aby within @ “peo eA 1 oy [AL © 81 Ta vells of He integral [ate Be a ; . ’ r vo © Ny {eet at) . ‘Sol {i = &xP [t eh BeaeAl ee a . foles = oz =t Ron te veal ayi's Pte dz = ailResf (2k) kes 1(2-R) ] weRes ot Zak Ce. ole eae (aR va > e@ rXpa. Rg Bete ze ~ ZK Zk zh Sing”, as ne aR & pees Aro Bina =) 2 Lr a 4 G at aS teat” apt - cAJest Dn on wae 29 (att) ® ; (2) = an tna J t : foe 2 ))7 a. = a ie ror se 2 J ery* +f (241)? * dnz dz > J (2 en 2 dz=-dez We clz) “fi czy * 2 _ pidety dz 7 i (2)? = \ sn()2) C2ten® dn te” +drzy, zay® win [ef hoz dle C Zaye) Cee? Din Gt vf She. aoe Lye (2p?Pov) Je we an du fr2o7 Hem am ie asin. day 4 shat ete ak 3 iim meas: “se & az a eof f ae zhraheo 2hg* ' ienpatea xe at Los . > tena. a ' Dzee It theeytas) ™ - ip Sneggeae be - ale) Zz m2 ‘ iw joel fes flz=ae ) = re | =0e7 she ) 33 , BA la fesd(zzae aa) im (ae' ) t - he eld vik) ye gal fem qe (hz), = en. iL cinal { ima |p Le, ime} ) 5 ayT ens (hea BE 6 ma )") ~ re ma [Te aie "oy () ae + zal 8.335" at4 Py pe / b zeda <0 (% cher) J fe ie cata. Cho) (by (ho . 267 + rer) 7 sede ze'dz2 =o 9 [Sette tLe » \, gre - fe cn [fee [ee] = -fpateny fen} Hie), eit) Le del fleas fel-affse', fie ~ [-e'-ee! ae! + fe) - Ki] = ~ [4 Vee i] tere Yas —_—.& B id | SG) 7 no find we a =) Jleae we ay) 2 as 4 ba) ” f cE : y° : &) de An a ve%& Branch teint pingularity > ; Cor example - fe -t single value a feve two values of fo two brondtee of fe te Sta not defined at z = 4 {> aes $o Z= 4 by branch pent of tz) At branch point the “al y fhe two branches of fhe fore becmes © for erample oa {lz ye different Sx f= Gaenbinahens of z. ! 2}: +1. a I i 2 (24's Tes + yen Rfe2 ae a 01) mead Two bsanch r ny c 38) Which @ [Whe He fllsng Xan analy He sunctom “f Hs omley variable eat tye 2 a 7 “ ITT Tn Ma clo main [2] 22.9 ) 2e2ee EE ETT 1D (eal qeacty © (1-20 tye o(sez) Cazy® (te 2° | Crea zlh(s-279 fence Ros Rese we gel only (I-fez. 2)F (a2) we get. & grees (met of 2 Sot Here we get pawev ZS hs SO ansla He Be 2 low tnyded not onal He My fz So ths not anely te,pasty aye x (2 not analy He af Ze} 7g clomatn oy [2142 tn te damain Se aye js aa mul Hvedue furutron wa maces “22202 fo Ib dies we hoo net oot tic Nete + Nor ' aru Pray He the concept {ter a nol in ae on single wie — value medi.» for ey une Hon Chik dlff-vendol ity : © eo > den" Z ye) ie gevies crbeut F=© ) at ee ce ae a \ee ak ae a » To a eee 7 a \s @ o> ea Go.s. s2ky =e —— al (ea Alt__-SDIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: fn equation thet contains —dlevivaliyes uy kla Differential Bye Hon. eg. po 42y > Ga orel the oliffere rod worl on- order of Hu igheet derivative in Ho differen died requtat ton. € Degece of te olflerentol epuations Deguce te Ye preev aA Hus bg hest order deriva ve dean pees ent in Vo Oe ferential eq ytotion 7 Fea 4 =Gem 4 ovdey , ao olegree oltferendrad enpodion: O 34> wh 4 sin (22) over =| ) reqxee com not be determines! becouse TEC an infinite sevieg. _ uk ol 3 oe “oe [SE - (4) dee J alas Olns BL ® Tepe = (ay ~ Soler = 2, aa s&s 3 5 liffosen tial pyaar.fist Orcler Diillevential Equation fing Kivst ove di(ferentiod epuartion Con be wil five over Hen “as- Curve a > Slope of Jangend do Hu curve. Here Pe (oo {to — > dH olewles Uy feniy gf Conver oN. femy) —> Slope | dengent to He Curve. Leb an equation — oP eye Hey equ tron Bbeovesent mi h urcle Centere af (00) and raolius © yy i 4 os wb Bie tiscle ih ot Toes “teLe} an another equation — Com AN Lyk): 6% hum veer = Gasld. At vepresents fornily Cry cles Curve 4 cea a ancl centre ot [2K) which of aviable. << Cenfve rey change. than 8 (mh) a geKy?1 rwartion of Variables cy. BS - " ae fete” he J Abads = Jet oy we Aol ‘ OA Solve Hu Pifferen tial eyuation ( Separatto a variables )- ww) Gs em at °2 given thal (3) 20 74 gna =f det > dn (Sine) * Qn ( law dge Gea dacdp > Jn (nm (el an 7} = dnc Sinate lm) +6 and ea) = 4 CY oly > oly,1 470 = SB Ce) 2 Vs So each 1) = 73 | Ans uw ay. > (hae)? given thot Yel =J deb Graay ays ae “Flu soly bem th D6. Gast 2 ole, dans at wi th He ini traf ot du Gnaition fa (ol th toil ay deg blew up os 6 tend do = Woo da ola GY! Or © Ve (doo dye 2? sol" ds eat (oe) =t e = a2 He, > felt ex I a da = Jols ate) =] 9 [2046924 242 feng sre -Loet-y Dy det (ED ease 2 kele¢ whan =O, TEL flav! E 2 otc >i phn herd, ¢ So of b=) a bla upé (mesint fends do oo ), SoD dar fest) — ag A D \dent] tot) soar gi) rere so [tel] cmsCase IL Homogeneous ype e gt Ht as ) ba (any) Ay fitedy and Gate), fave Sam olegyee. Pr aly TaN Gy Edger 2 ala zak - Polat dlearee gz vs, Ae dpe Sips fe onder Homogeneous a fererial gration Node + a adeliton anol Subdrnetion deagee. Yemoun's Same” bub ty - mubtigttaddm ole mater f in olivisin le fe i “em (ee Bubbacteel, * Solution Home gene BE. WO ]ysvafe we 2 a= Md pe leat * a amy MY "4 ©) m=y > We 1 a & bp Solve Ha Differ! Faun bean (Homagenenus ape) = Say aaah) Noe an wn “Say <6 given that Stop ed. af (nas Mu e)apcece. oT (% 4) aby Sipe ol Voy =» vay 2 e€ (v4) 1 oy t+ ev v > 9 = (vel -v i ite =e i+ e¥ vet} = feos de ~|e det eave? D> dn (ev) Bc ny tire dv (eV Yq op =) +n (eM ) = dn (§ ) > ean ES SP ot ax Yel So On, HC : é a So “ly, Bed ea Ff Acb 7 QS Suppose tol, a Yum our In a vet Cp 9) mark! Sphivical andl tks vale H growth is Prepettionad Z Ms dianuter. df Ye demour’ hag cliameler mm .. LI} detected ol ghnm, alles eee dheee months dnter, what wl) Ha oltameber be after another three Months? LI ll mn, (1) Iomm, @) Nema. hy 13.9 mam,Sel” ee foumorig in 3-D sp hevical Shape So vale of qeowth Js Change in volume. with time. a. aA LV (ar e diameter ) {zo 2 al = 5 mm t23 2 ds 8mm - g ods q = gky —O [ke progerttenaly bnstot ) 2 v "Oe 3 ole. Gy. BY alr, 2g —@ ar > on oF So fem O banat oder” -p tde - gk ayan 116 ° Rees Paecgy (eo) ry aly = els - T= cbt eg 2 2 4 = Ot tly at tro ds of HB idee be 3G 4 as Ws 'telba iG 8 7 a ste ak t= 6 ye eeilcs {a = 1o:lmm.} fot be A dents holds lovo liters of di digsclved < Arse weskes enter Hu femb ai flu vate \w deters) ninuter Ry ri cy Regt Yreaughed mixed and olvained fem Hla ten at due sume vette. df wus oe meets He eee te bok ob any dime t’ why ch e felon s dlecyibes Yu vere of Chan ge t i fel walt in Wo tank? Sel! 4 t water, in which 1 kg nae Salt _ to =D IS Ky aes bet > = "% a Sait tuaber 82 | wn tok | mn ge OX Finwunt of sult geting oct Hae donk per minute do eo L ———>_ kg bb —— a nA lhy = Oe mw alm le “we on. dk ty,O8 Te olffevential epuction of all Circles passing: rough the cae andl “Rasivg thei Centers on tu Y-antg el” Differential equation Crxclee — meoms — Balubiins a Huis eer alifferentral eqpertton gives fl prily of ciycles . CO Note Ra number foty “ Be Verio ble parameter wll be Va order ferent se Heve we" % Grtes pened ing Wetton . change only on forepmrter Cveelus) flan center cout pu tical rg centess q 1 ey ans ~ aqui ey So Here oveley 4 alifforen ral ah (yea tea D Jay Ay <6 D (yea SL = am — * oY fol ox od a= ya, mM 4 [X= S| Qa & . ter OY ayy5 ateyrt. Ta a 8 [2] D> alyty aay Cy %* Case 3 Linear Diffevoie Equation eayetion wu sald to be Simeory it ee 4 ts olependen 4 verioble and its) yorivattbes Dr ts Order Wreay vile Eques tron * etanslee! 7 4. Linear (fever trad Eppa in of first a er, eo aby mw PONY = lm) Nece Pl) amd Ala) ant deither Cmsbits a nok Ks LE + @ Peay ju es HE #0 E) Peay y = (FR) Als) dt ice 7]. (EF) ais) n shen): Te! > ty (1-F] 2 [ GEIRtsde [row ;sq SE 4 = “int = Slum ee (LE) Ay) . ing s ele te slffesen trad pba lim [ Lineay typed iy (# Ss) - (8a) y = aS a7 404 given Iheh lee Sol? as) ao dy L U8ar-Ih9 _ foSe ante ) ces Cae) be eco) = tar aan) _ (a1) £ amy pee Asay bo LR a . cts) ' : oe ints’ ay? _— @ -—™ So 9 . fle (aD dan Pin \es - a). ° Wake. = hese] fe whn wee 3° e 5 S$ edne te => A) Cm ee) S J 3. LS eer] a ee ee 7)ae Mala) “Salis fies Yu obi ffevent tal woubion WRN YE) =O thn Lim BUN) ep Moe Wi (a @)~) Sol" al'y Pa a Fe tyete oa J er ~ 5h +2 = ate. with Yeo whin ano a new olf ferential cqvalin fede 4. J-F. = é~ 3 > cee fees aa doles ge ey pot, oe Were Ey desaying fireten f * Bod af der indeqsacthon ga AE dw Nes (ple J2 TA oes ft 2 whn om Gi yes fanction lot radon, ‘ oO +r 7 € nc on taogo ben nfo runh! m ere mew Vso S20 aller med tinlicalton Seca etn 1 Zen. ~ dase Sood gram, So i Ar] tan a so fe .Case ++ Non Linear = | spear +> No fanedion of xe and. with a a No funetn of yan Rite. A3 vy) 8 aly i 344, ame an ees epuectron Bemoly ep") dm bon st Hleve ar wa a scniel o. So we oldutde by qPom to lel eyes tien = 3 ot + es Qah ° vr “ G4): Se + ez ws ~3 “T d° «> “yt al > ee + 32222 ait altar aoagiver Hat r(#) ey (wil) Vino - Seng ant i— Non-Lineay Pifleven hall by : ey ~ae Grd) orting -&) So olivide by +7689 -4,d = Be > a Ger S200, ide - a ey (b=2) ie SG = [ee = 86 | K-hineay Differential Eguatrin = |[je 7 | muy AA Janoel6 sec et y e! = ee © Sec So (TAY = J (ER) Qlord seed. Sec 8: I. $eca.2 = bee"ecle = ane+c Sece.l 2 -lanotc ¥ whan o-4 Hun Fe) Secae t 2 thre | {2 S.. ~Selubty 1 —— 4 Seco = dane + tre SecO.Z =wr H iL bod dole @ 7 Nien af fs Ha vate od which oho 4 is pipes ce Hu difference in em parrots between iL’ anol a surrounds Newkns law of looling). 1 be te fewled fo Use anol uh d 3 ate in aly” of fo? « dts temperetuse becomes bo affer a A bles whal adel Hondd Hina it ol down fo 36 9 €o) ! sr = XL [8a-Bs) Og > temp of heey 8s = temp. Susvound, at toy Barto e O.=IeOg remains cbt v obs dP gp, Wa Ogehe ab ¢- U1 1 Oa * 20¢ Og = tee 6a. _& (8g-6s) jms +— dt oe fue gy (2 .- rflt ’ ‘ (878) 3 dnl Gg-0.) > -KERe at tro, Oy rllo'e | Ose loc > fe= trim) | at tlh 1 Og = boG - D> 64 Sn ($0) =-K 4 tnloo So) ks dnt So Dn (fg-0) = ~dn2et + tn be) At Oa = 30c, Os ze ~ ans y Je IS as fo be (BE <)hos foal The after d hex Case-5 Exact Differential Equa tion + — + Dr fleven tial tron Can be obtain qost by Myo its solultmn. Mela Nd =) L_—. ® Hes equation will be exaet i{- Nees oe ay > LY (ay) 2 Gngtont > dp-o Behe Fe Gmpaiing CO onl m 7, N= y 3 oma W = pp pe es os ay ye Ve oF [fesse fs & fom ~ 2s. y om > a =m > be (pda © fil > af 2 ode ot She) oo ohi{heren4 devms +e) bly) = Combi Norton — wt nalPivect Method > Sol Peck N te Mola + = Com he in J theta “dy sot cH] v TT deh s. ] Jind a M Hal che oe Solve Ho Differ Equation (exact rs DL Mey Tar A IAeo gies Al yore Sel! Ca dn tay) H) ent pra Bydyro at AEH, Hey cota with Palas Ney xo fis tant) one Jin ey) Joe + [ay co Dyed 5 ad Jin boy) dds + yee 5 st Integy sf ere ’y oa ee hel, t SS ofinin tay) “AY =e "Ht ume =) aedn (my) +Y -< | a Su TM tretl Chora a,, Jr daar Jea § fur 4) dy eo santas nan dn: > a [and dn tg gm dng az Sen = # tdna. 4 ~ Spe ream aut ar dny = xc> at wh sy, TH ty t adny > fadn (ay) aye | X Second Orseloy hinear PE (Horn Stent bas agent) & i AA orm = ieraseaareetee Shee be +Qy ay 0 |-—® 2 - Bimnsiynal Sheodlnger Eqpe tien fr > Inddypen- ~dent potential, Ce + Val y ep de? Assume q vial golution - q-ce™ » a. em.e™ > an =om'e”™ Pain Me whe” + a4. at in: eg" @) a oe” “Pmt tne] =o Ce 20 2D Zero selutten oF Triviol Sohetion.Non Trivtal Solita + m+ fm +Q=o ra > m=m, Me {m aa mM, ea be veel “I Gmplea my In P= mane md Te ame an seal anel unequal Gosek = mand my ant real ancl egul tem. thn got” S j > Corteneye”™ Cose-3 9M) and tq are. Gmplex numbers. Hun iy =C, otc ts Hese 17, and ma. us Comper, Cose- ant mm, i Wg Oe Gmp) ex Onjugale. af each ober, = q 416 mh a-ip [ee Thr veep] een ke Ee farticle In 4-D box Vie!) =o oO elueg = 2 otherwise, O2uNcGg Bitz {Fe SL Aenea 8 info 2 * 2+ Pe EY co Y = ACska +8 Fn kay => 2 oe Hese =o and m=!k Stahl ae TT prk mart es ps cere ~» m yk 20 Soots art Gmplex Con} yaBq ge Ye Driffeven tad pation? f Homogeneaus ‘pel wy oY bot + 134 ao given that yle) #2, Yla= | el" “ \ ra M4 6m 413 ~0 me tires | a2 (BET aror - ? 2X) [ms =S8aT J ats fee So -38%y Fi ye CA Gee +8 Bing) % gli = 2 s mmo, Yee = eC Abio+ 8 Hino | [e=] ety est waa® “ong ua, £26100. 2° a3) 4 Br eGurm ay + B24 E?* (23)Fes aAr0 _ ne or a 3) +28 g~3 “thee 2e* 1 (ioe Fmy J], oe ho Obl 7 Sol" ee th (si) fx0 at 2 wm (3-41) <6 > ms of aro sf e-r-a fare fei a & (a1) S m8 g-1, - 24) Here mn, gnel ma ane Gmpsee buf nel Gon Gn tee a (“x AS Plea nya 4 Je es which in book P ard Q om veal bw rue ao" Complex Bo the blem arises, i = let = CAM y= Ge +Q er” AM are ie [bajo{iy 0 bie fe a>-0 Heve does not enn O4avro Heve we Let ¢, ~o becoz > © = ¢ (ee) tCzle) In C0 Hen Gi Calum ©. We over-Gme Hu frob- © infinthy , beeor when we ad Heo re cen rot exrst, f° e%. .) } A-6 CSIR —Sumol4 - “Ray Gnsider Ha olt{fesen Hal equation - intl sae wild inital Gnditin le) °o omel £4 (0) 1. Aa solution LE) oftains He mextinun walur whin Y? J, QM ley 2 Wes ol" dey 4 9 ol eo % (0) ~6 ge Fae #0) =4 eo my aml =o [re-ut ) vreel nel equal ’ ~& - RH > (eicays’ ley: ae -t 64 r I m0 , 4:0 when £m (0) =} [e120 Bh Se Jc, =) a {}) . (04 Cam) & t atts ComeFee mei clay ° alt = [teh he 7 AO or fio) (2eRr) du fo) =o Lthere fio eo Nee = | USO “uoO Ye ant ¢ = . ‘ 1D Ye) so], =0 : grrserfare] a2 % Uo MO! YY zap Mtoe, ee) Grd in} - 4) (mee) 244 (m0) > le e Noo: oly, im dy ayo: dy - on cab gas) AY oar} > a tty a “du [aso x Ay, yi oda 420 Not Grtinnus af moo optin @, hehoo B22 al yg am ne Methed 1 ale “dana = “ay af hue age] 7 ag) ions dant) = eee Ye Fon" Jon % al aA a= ma fis. Series ob HJ 8 finite om flethed IL.! 7 Sey! ges “é iia i : : “du (4ae > 4 -[ ode (tat YF ore i aaa C ay” ‘a (| why eh ab —~Jela So oe aFy aS 3 Tor Ss cHo G23 sa ae “TEN Ce wy being we © Pau © ve ef Play) i a $F % 26 > mito > medi] D> a(t) = Aost+ Band ay W = Wont-6 G54 “peri ond a alot a aes S| Teatectory article WU ( ) cine. | i ¢ A+ a4 Selve ty Bs. (Homoge news ty pe). Ww a : dae tH 4 ay =o + * v4 m3_ tm-+ m9 =o DS mUm-t)44¢(m-deo > Um-2) (m4) <6 D> Me e Fey Conley. ar mg oa Yr G aa cle* ace 2H 2) uy HQ aH Ye qe la qe “4 GeSe & anol ie wus b Ish gee) = ¢ (ee) + Cy (es) +S (0) eee m9 4 4 when, dnol Gy, 1, O $0.0) 6 aud 21% Obes net exis), ao uy . of’ | &.26° 3 : re I$ a solulion to ghey 6 whet s Hu valu { KT. n Sl 3 so tae =O a we et » ye 4 spe +e Fo Qs \aWch om of th folesg diffeserbil eguetens wees sents a” ciseles with renal LS ‘9’? Sel” = Assume centve = Ch k} Ben srattiug = qe Gnstank So we cg Ina eqh of civcle ©P fave me pornaker - FYadwus 9 on as ae om anstent So ta ae Oo fom 4 of coane Se can only vor Center (HU) Ves Rexe ‘wo gororters gu vorioble. Se ovier 2 olf ferent Cyatn Jace BE WK) a? > #o-h) Valk) SL <0 D ta-f) +r) 4 =o Again = 1+ (2% LYS (rH) & ey =o (yk) = 1 (hag) Fee C™"8) = ~ (4k) SL —_@ st.) [3 fay ~ ell) ] a toh) = ae i (st) du [4 au J “i ay]* Secon ovdey linear P. &[ ay pak : dar +f ot ays R a {* o& Gnstants “Gal Solin = Gnpl malay finch (C. F) + fash Neways elt} Sporting Non ~ nls Samas Hy sol” of Orte. megjeneens D6. (> * posa) Y = Rly) flo) = fein = QseI'- hinge PE 2 tet a) Pr. = Lh ee qs 10) iL fla ro tay ay (yia i pas Ho EE & (Non- Homeqgeneous \ype) al aj Ww ~ -by =e “og ham olat sel! [an D- b)y = eG Fan i) D—sp4en es = B(D-3)4 2110-3) xo (B-3) (pir) so De 3-2 CRS Gee Sor 97 2 Lam oa Cake la) “f(e3ey > 1.3% >w > ge +4Cose IT £ SE RE) = lolynomial function 4 * 1 erat] > cage this inle series. -_ 9 4 At a to dil) adi 2 rath y= ee gal’ AG. = (22* + Banta) y Boe PD + 3D +4 z0 _ vB = = -3itv De ~ S404 Fat Suk 4-82, SE = Ao 7 7 Sri des : 73S 23 Here oe Bee So ee EF x the sae Be +C,$ BS | eI —_1— (ott_2-,) 297 43.944 a (ad zu) = +1 + eoSsp 7 tUr win etna)! (2% a4) 1 hype er tele 20 (tom ap aod ) Diaries) sane pr tatty 22 | > er2u) 28 uoLfy. 2otese 4 Cedteso)" Jae FL ¢ 1 eT Jets) =£ [CE 29) “HE (+ + ba) **] = A [a we 1 +368 +6 4 18 w, eS ee ee) A it + el = low gra-2pact 8418 boa -stact eg iz nT a ~ lax tat) | owkeeatn. BL BU fl. = OL gg 32 / Ts. CREyEeY. ase a So 1 - er ( Gs F344 Cp Sle, ~) eS (e294, c Ars, GSI A R= Bayan Sinay Ban Ea) Fy 4 {l- 2) =o fanAol) 1. agy = EGR “Gra aly® (294 = 2G ub 34 am eS use AG Prt By piatee eo, pea 1" nt a: ita p+ te ore ZC+2 A Cr 8 = & HO+G a —e ers otal cgt | ee OL. - ~L 2G rtsaa Le Bog Gt Gort ey ery Le Gee, bom a al Gea - UW] Gram (ete aD - . cL 7 hr2ay “ ae x ze flo = 1g CF tm 4D St a rn = = 7 a [Tes = Geta HBin ay a pee] TOF RET . A : wi) oly ay a me) = OZ) te a 28 = RCs Ey lt Se . az ee G8 = & (1+), So dy a ~% = 4 Los f+ ae zy tel [4 éaay Cee) 4 eo) ( 341 (a Ape D 3 wry cp ‘lets (cto »,)* Ke bye a) >t aa (071 = ho i t y~—~ a Be o> Pf we 2 z 6 A a Gy on ey wt fr ok = Aurideony Equertton yy eo tlhun (Bailie WD +1) (DD HI) <0 He GTS og why DY aay co SM se HEV TE apes y yt [> | ee — Gomplen, Conjugate [br eG My eo (ex Ge Baatgdn of Bs) | Ce ora # gee (oor Bar gina); pay ‘= 1 e (ce Bat Gh nBa) ¢ Brg Ge, = +4 ue™“tf Son oy 040) ¢ {Dra act “We pil) Sh ee noe D=eR4teD pt 2p -2D+F=0 >(P-y (D-2) =O P(D-t) -2(p-2)=0 t,t Roots au Sow + C.F. = Clacgm e-1b ‘ pesto ingen sal ey ae = OF % Gs hay 34 <4 So)" fy -Yo ou G& acsha ot e7Gs vai Lax sa ar Let J > ge ) Ce 'asx) (aan 1d Hab aU EEA (5 cya (ate (qa gat pads eee 1 _ Seu d>fer—1 ae (7149 + bahen uae Fy) a ! Csy Ade Oa "1 gpeT Hoe) 39 » de“fiaoss) 2 FF 7 a9) EE) ox bt ae) "e 6 Dt-¢p Oe & 5 be } 3B 6 OD pe) + OSA aa 4 - : ! a lo Ss li = -L Capa Cosy Sl dy wo “Y = Sint jelee Aurilewry Equa tien Re= tt tne 22) HE $99 etal Solution: oF + PL, Jue) = AGat +8 Hind PLoat initial amclifim = hin tee, Seq o ye = AT oO Ao oe yo 8s te Lestga i solu hin obifh fevential eg” qyay AsO reohary oH a stant oe A) & a a SoL- pata yt > gare a 2 =U aa: > (Pty 2-2~ Pt_=09 ee Po Jer - cet™ QT. 2 txt 2 emg (14 BL ~ AlB) iS ~B)m = ~ DM mage = [ad pee Total Solution = C-F + FI. -2% = Ce + Ug | Tote Tole Bly Ss Ge a pant ltin = C8" boyhe hold- tife wadioaslive Substance i Hu Hime meeps cons one - t: ve {ey Substance jo, phecay- Flu moun § of Up, an igo Casben gsesen) at a dine (tn mon thy) ates. *Y nod Weoetpo.08 st. The holfdife of wy Talend mm mens i8- Sel! Alt) = lovenp -0- 03384) 6 a -o0% ot an D plt) = Aoexp(-dat) Se a+ — Tha > 2 Ty, = oO: 0389 don ( } Ta size of & population “¢’? Js ynodleled byte ol feoventih Salty alte af. Aer i re -) fee whet vabus 4. 1 fapation Sneseci a sal! at mc, [I- wot elt ais = +Ve is Je LP 42 qa }> > pll- fa) So ° Poo, U-£,,) yom) 0 2 4t0v (oe ~ 2. 0 “eae Often BN cgasecls <6enema) Solution ee wets 497 - =0 ie, thio of o) ft Ne opens 0 opts ee Covrec}.? 7 Boe) GE aqzeo [la Ai Lamy 2>M fr Any alur/e wo VE \b) Fs behaviner of zastro pend mn > mbm Ag =o hetiog, 20a veeltg > me-s-3 |W Akt>-, 220 fr on -St Velly of Aand 8, == ChHagbye 4 i Q aS Ite > Zs0 So option OS Cervect, At - 2 “Fey particular integed dlfferential egucdin ny 8 - SCR (fat 3) ol” } xy AB Yy = Sb (2mes) ay (Am*8) Ss Gs (244r8) Plo. 1 oe (2043) = re Dadys, = AAAS ey p “Ger (bh at F = S (bw Gs (2043) = oy” Py = SEB. Galena? _ Te = (Dia Ca any 6) fr = 2 -Bn (eats) wr Gey Ctr) - (= tater eee. q BB Noll outhindes with Thermal aorduurhv' hy fir da sefhnn apae Horm temp Ty Ua clistance (acre) 3 ay & ss Ae \- , subjected fo He condition T= 1) of = 4 T= Teed v- , i Kk jet alate dompevalsee clighst dig ? . &I. = fot In ome Ob'nunstonal teaoly stele ual oncluction Agve iL” SE J 9 2 dy ae, =e, 2 {lt i Gt ole. pene ay > |Te =C,dnv xc, fa at Vea, le, = (t~ kh) “(Ay bo Tel, Ca = TW (X=) Ina Me TT oe tnlQre bh nna wv lwon des ”Y Tota 4 NG) “Unie nb oni a2 inductance “L? ancl esifleee WEG Sina xe pena . () « Udna- tnd ; ~ dn{Z) ee comnertal in series wrth |e bon Gy ADS _. emg er AL ont a Ses? [80 VO Na Ty dna- Tn gee te cnl a caunenaient 2 Uy by pao a funetiog af Erne. Ase fi wu inte Jn (9) eo Cutsend ot Huy endl of 0.0] geo J > leoVolds, L= loo Hl, X2 ao ok 6)" eS ts = Lok —_|-— aa tt1Ro= E fee > di .ik- aea £e % [tty “Fat aa EI) te (Non homes eneoous Yipe) gt Ww ae Gt Y 5 Bina D°- 254) =O D* bese, Fas, E(B) =D) 20 ("Ve -1) =0 DR =),) Rebs one Soin. (EF erage ae 5 ! ahn & oy ’ Dire Keay se fr) jt Cael i) DY 2p +) iy ap ie Ph 7 (Dei) 2a towyes )= Teg t [* “Dey 205 Dyce wer eee {le _ (I~ aged “Teg [ey (1 Se tejey 2] “Fey fey i] (1+ Bt pit) J ELTA os 008-8 7 Tt [wee re 2] > rey [fue nin in = e wt ei re iy lee a’ J [ex = = 4 Gras +4 Gag 5] «tet fine aero analA partele falls o/s under grat eat Rely - ee ike mi sacl opi rr He velvedt, % “fall- Rad! Hae velocity dig place mant-ay# foro of time. a disp. =° 8 Yee 1 Rav Fy =m DF = Ke Eien Ode 2m = Fy - Fa = ma hy > dv. g - Ky At mm > oy ae rk veg > v =-vit)x [Tethod of Vavia tian of ‘Tovame te xs- Like if my) me au reuf anol unequal * 2, a a) C.F. = AY + Cee t Ye Y, &Y, ax two dineasl Inolepenclen? Slatin DE, . T J 4 Mm) Pe sot Eo ay ye jer ae Yit de oe Here U cmol IF ane funods : Two Sines h “un 7 OF Onetands. 7" Piendent th" u = Ya Rle) dn j ta Ve [eae da & die. 7 ded © pt CAM & w a = = Seenslen™ € Sal” wrt) = 6 ‘ me UL So Gk = (AGaxt BSnm) ti 2 PI. = OY, * Oo.! da aneada = Gea, Cpa - Fa (Bim) © St tate + Bata =4 We j- Gina. Seem. ten acal ag - -f ee ds = J darts a -| (sela-pda ee [dana] (Fs ene] Ve Jorn San tenadis . {perels%* Couctry Ever any fi / apse" 4 Oy a May ony and ayy 2k = Rts 34 sn” order Oliffeven dial “eypalion Seomd Oder ay ~ Euler Equectten ~ not KR Solin o, C~E Sono tts ° ue Per tte solution of Second order C-E eqpatten we dake Some. SAandovel Qbstulen. Zz ful wre /> a, 2 oot (44-4,) SY. ayy =k les T boca S-E. &, Here CHE Synotion sonshym +0 Seem order Linear differential Eapaledn Que ees cspalacenunt won a rotating disc atg Zar om tie axig jg Arven by , e See UPS Ake S0. find He dlisalacemumbt? as bonclin pr o g Subfert fo Hucenddiims We) 20, Ula) =o, BE edt yr -utke®=0 (K+ dnstand) aye yr Subeitulion > = e* See dne Soe dy * 3 du yaxdu cys br? welt eu key [the Ee) & JPl. KS 8 de Ul) 26 DO = Colo) t Se 7” bY) U (ey = Cy ~K 8 ° Ula) zo 5 2 o= Ga ~k 3, + 62% 2 [ee Be] ur) = Barr ton go Se CHE FT So¥ Coupled Defferntial Eguation ‘- [th of clepencent variable =3 Gan be Sony Hang - Fe ' nl holepenclent Variable = t. Let there ci 2 deve nolent vavlable ane ona Undependent variable then - Fame by + Alt) &)- cat oly t fo lt) “Fike ont two elandareal repsesentatior 4 ' Goble aul lewenttel equation. Std alle Couble differential eguation ere rate Change aM olepenols a ym Y and Cate of Choy depends | a. Both OU py } ¢ eae . Brlferen fal” oinile Po they To ediminate a om variable | We Coll eo! Cortgtee/ variable om two atyrenclend honslbym above arsas — O P= anrby f( 4) (° Dy S Cot dy + felt) (Pa) by =f, (4) —© TEN A (Do dy 2 Lt) —-@ Meo SDK (Ded) and OO xb(p-) (D-a) — [D=l) bf = (Deel) fl —bew +4 (D aby = b f(t) “yoa) = (Ded) {él thfelt > [8-9 bew]= (p-a) ltl + felt) rns adden » |e - (a+d) ss + lad-be)™ = R(t) Wain eG oye order Qineer nom hermay eiverms Dy{osen ited Eapentton- = [ees | [eh sft) — & Short Method i Say du = dat by +4, (at) and ot = cm +dy + fal t) augiven « “ALT yh [NG LU) oe Hon matyix = or a moby? x, [az — Ic} +Det [cJau = RCE) | thin os = (Ded) LE) tb f (4)Hot Q. (ull >is ty + B9Ero a [dm 4 qu = -3Gat 2 ate Lineat Seconol oveley non-hormgencers « Di apezo De tal CE = Crey 2h4C, Sneed 9 fee ere en Cs. d [Pry Rr. = — Get So |Are ey 2h Gy Bnet ~ Geb] Reval Of guding Sa oOPES TEC t eB | P~Wwee, Y> Sag dD. Gt ys EEE Ree y Abate [7 = Cc Bin etme Cog pe Boe] | , ces Bey oti) nna a 2 Y= 8m eg. he gh \tm e UY ~ ed 4} ~ Ip ty % - 7h a Dt +20 fel) a7 7) = Tee ee (2) ise ~@Dt Uy “Df [ ao PBaacicy] * = Sf bay [ i} Se soti-y a Teepe “ = 7 at 4 \ Ee™ faa, + SAY] Le [ C64 a +3 $3 o) (--rf. Jim - AF, oF. [ites BOO So 9-9 G44 Hine - bone] (PS =. gone 42.65 a -L sed iv - E ay fy = CFs ae 40a, we VA a) eh JM = Jed! e-2 = teal by (eH)| a - ty . . ent) -4 =u Cee tee icieoe a ease ne) |Si oo a Ay . = Sin pat ros = S(*-4) , § (a-3 ) =o PA c = Very high abusa 5 ot Pay aclm - e ele #) sea) 2 ny A » lelfe sn oe “Sg (ar yom ) gnady S804 Jole ala > oly , : ° Te 7 at (dl Ajde 1S Dat weg >) . <4 {eee Dob “#3 9 ot oo Be faction 3 glisamtinuas ab w=3 Paung Ammon} 4 obscom hind by eee Soop tim @& ye) L&I Box Panchen Whew Bor finction oy Gama inleges Nod senceeding & [Bxy] 23 6engy] > [a Jeo femuee2 a Faye) un -lSucg » [a}24 * beeaph 1 Box fined tops flee) = Le) cue + —_ font : i ® i 1 — htt aie ane aa x yo vt Far 2 3 is dirae lel ta pT change cote fuer inci us te Hh for wve weyrem 7 oy ye ! 2 3 — 1} z. Tome ghey Stee _ a) Lace (nat) On be Slay dt » > Salen uy NeimegesAf Qa eet a oliscondinuond af azaq hun fe clesivative {(2) will be -selated do ; delta metin at @=¢q, # diene po in prvi ess tien - Ina dy BinofTEe\+ Grnttt _ § (@-3) dt = §(#- 4) “det y oy S discntinuas at =A da ~ ¥ Wiles + ordes dlosivedive &. he . tk hia) > Stay i Reloted to ded tm & tree) ey dliscon di pyors at K=0 Sn Quantum Mechanies (= dn gence! yim) anol a > Criinung , 4g name ali geo tinuous View — infinite olis com sinuity or & Cua) \os Schrodinger eg al em (6- os + 2" (E-v)) <0 he ht wag | Um Pro we cy [OLN 2 a) = , (5) pp Coe F hace infin ds com by, alae lela ace foven tral Sopp 4 : uy od 9 se ein CH naan oh AP AS disconbinncrs ol a= 4 a * 4 we Pave gq Setonel oveley ol ffeven Hal ep uation Han _ Sadudion thay eg” wy Soy dt hy canal Yo ; > Hy and ¥ wy two dinearly Indepen dent Yet a Becmd ovder DG Pun cir de ' he new” Combinatim Cy yy) teaYg Will alse % solutin of Same dliffesen wel equa ier G _ jue Y £ M . “ a eo hob 7 ds Fo SLL ex ely ~ aa fat FRY =o y see mtaPm a Qo> mms Me p (9% d =e) fp Oy dh a Rene J, and Yo ant LT. anol bedh au sol” *{ above ey". thei” Combina thy) ir also in sie Same -F, rr aL, +P 44y =0 oy given and we Solutim gy) anol fo caboutate Ne Cevvegpon olin aud alse we celeulate dl [ Wvendia ) whieh wnt Zero (We) 80 ¥, anoly, au Linewt independent Pan - 7 Wls=b): Wlacae A-6 ash el" du {azo a a vif RP uy, Me F : td = ad we al nae — Ue a Wo = UM Ly, a) 4 Ltvangs haan Wl (e) =] » win ai blj2 Ne) @ 0 °F =f fit = 1e ? [2° oe eeBa Dijlereontial Equatiog Lith \ariable Ui q 1. hegenctre “) @ Paver Seniee Solution Mette g Bessel 8. Hermite ® Probene'ys Method 4, hagucwe ; x Blanclerrel fore of Secone]_oveles DiffeseIref yr a.att og 2 ay. to gre [here 90, 4, 1% 2 fanclim fz ot Green}. > Ovelinary Point fat =o, Whe are 92? 9, both . finite / . tueq , ele Ye gy Io > Sin gull fa an in gull foro {e both am infinvte Ag, Tron Bingley fa. Reaular Single foint at 2a, either (a-9) & , ak aa Cay -a)O | . ae! ’ a2 OF(a-4) S6 ox loth (Ck Be ant fini}e Pn infinide.Roo HYD -atl OD wupy aa asl Oh. 9) Io -_ LUT ge Xfn2)% K(X-2) Oy eee ecuiD 44 a (4-2)? So m=z 0 onal mea, au anol De ay inp ¢ 4, s = ze 2 ° U=0,2 ane tio “Bing vy points. ft B=o > (7 ) Siw 2) = 7) (a-o)* (m43) 2 6 at | 4-2) _ ° -I ancl © am Mite So both Gul ular nailer print oy aiven dhfferentiet gpa tten * Case JTF esa fs a ordinary point of Dé. “Fun fer Solution D.E. we Choose froer sevieg solution method . Solutim Assume '- y= = 4 (ge-a)k L, fower Sevies aba 2-4 SF Aot ay Cua—al +0 Tr“#CaseIL r Sea is aed Singilow rind of DG “Flun we cheese” Pyobentug Yhed «er Solution Cie mo “ev elie fe Solution Psaume = d 2 Ss Or (ea) "7% Who m= Infeger kro Je Mea fee bon Singular paint flan we Can nretuse these muthool { tevegulors Bp ou oak of Cly dus’ # Legend we Dilf ential Equatien ny Standared Poem (1-8) AL, poet 4 minany =o Where n= +VE # u fnveqess > e@- td av two wenubore Bingorr peiet- s @=0 ov ordinavy point, ¥ Legendve function of Pivst Kind ye EES GY fot nen) yt Va ny (2n-1)-2 pean 4 -ntn-!) (n= 2) : at —_ (an- f2n-3). ¢, /) fle) = Legendae folynomial , order Sn’,PD - a , Fn (%) > oe "I ( (ape ] P(e) = % Pata) =h (91) Ps (ape b (s~ 9) fy (e)ed (sa4-Box%s ) * Properties. meqarcing of Leqeneese _folynomal: — } 4 Pa velus Legendeve polynomial of owder Ore Q 3. % CS o~ rot aa! ig equal to Lf Russ] Py(- = Gn)” Pn te) —> Aven fanchien if preven Pn t9¢) > ould funclion if n= odd Ne. of Noodles =” fy (#) Ras 7 nodes . 6) = dno) b(n = Co) "4 nina)Every alaeb-su's polynomial iz Cam be writhe AS 4 Sinewy viable of a hegendlvea Pde nomtod . Ane tuRetghest ° ovder of oH Legendse Puyoomiel PrCAenk tn The Linear Combinahin will be vu order of the aged posyromiad. GA- qse%4ba2y cutd « 2, holo) A-? Ais (N) Fad-20% Bat gare gare Ba 49 = aghal) +o ldta Bly) Fhe D 4% 4 (23-3) ta, - 1) +O) % £4p ) 5% S 3s 4 Sdaw - de 4g, a4 % a a z — > S45 _ ¢ eee a a = set Ta x + Be ae 8 oe a7 4 an = -37 ig a ist Be 4 9 B= Wr Fe nae =z [ae > <3] DS os 4, +? am £ 2>|JOe4.| KOM + Generating function o; Lependre Fely nomads => (in Razah 2) Ve = G+ QZ O27 ag2 + ee nee ann dhe abe 1 | fol) (™) On tal 0 The Gefficient zriisg We expansion of Ci-ouz 4282 will be th Legendre olyneral 4 ovder 'n? gyn oferaaray hs Z ey002) ¥ Osthonosmalit of Legendre lynomiall - Tv sa MQUT a nel orn qT w) Pot™)da = £— Sm | {fo bed 2 Sn P(x) - [fin] Shifted Lif. a) \ CH Peta)da = Simeit Prove that s ty = ph : eed z \- 2x2 FZ i oe if (In ter2 422) - Zzahle) ul dG Um 2 (aaa AZ 2 . O EZ tant!) fate) 2” Ub) Zlan-) fy Cm) Z” x(c) 22n Pa(u) Z xCol) Nor. 4 these. Sl —d Ci-2 2) 3h = alae napa! - = 2 +2) ("2u4282) = Zn) 7B) a- Zz Son a. . - a opto (i-fm2s 27)? (E” fat d ee sea Pen iy ib ae ap 1 ‘$1 So . _ ofan Be . = ne a 7 (aan & 8nz" fol) Naw dels see - = wr" flylt = Pl) < % ie act Lt ak 22" | ez aa _ = 9yX-2241- Pe [20242 - Me ( “yf (1-242) Ui gwnt 2) rz Tie ax2azt) fms i Jot — (iy baad try they fist eensayp,= Bok Pot 8Pxsht --— + (Ont) = 99 ee Sal Sy pa ney 2 8,-- 2ne2 5 She p! re Caneel neB > 4% = RIE) ace] , ' vs i i tee Nen-l >) ten DP Ee *, 7 hema! nen 5 tint) Pa = Paar On ating we et 3 7 p* SATA yo ee oy nih = Py +f) ¢- e' adding 1 both side, dl 4 Se 1 & oo ' ——— \fonet monk Cami fy 4] fee] ® Gy a Cantilex, = thei) a nb. _ evaluate ~ “hh nt] fr le = ff $l" zk * Bat fot = leh] [abya) An Hae <4," canal aly = (nel) frarany, fol i na) {a thn sa) )sefrar = = (RAY Gayayrt OY) Cay (An ag) 22fmay > ec, x re = ea (nee). fh 5, ui ?,Qub nen) lng 2 Do py (ny 7 Py gBs (ary (ane!) # Fenn 0b Be: Ste gre pt) hx (ant8) Fnsa (2m) Tet" rn fron Jol = (nt?) hi ena) (#9) Ty Toast, Ant + Prez F,-adnt oo ¥! trny th J (an rene Jf be + (amy Qn me J Cobra de Nowy (4949) (an ) Jen du < an(nt)) ‘[anis) (an (gn- np anty te* BESSEL DLL path ons vad + tot of whee n= real Consdand > &0 y sequlae Sengulay fain}. ~~ fivst Kine) = Bessel ssel function ea order ‘pr Fite), ly- Tele SCT (ay | yso VW(n-y LF g at F -y. 4 a, Deeds I ot ee weet $ = a a so Bis ee + f = m2 Ly Sytx) = 0 7m gfe ‘ ai (av) 7) Constont tevm" Bessel fanctins ane 4 oseilladery natou buf with shereasing ormpali fucle Oana} verging dime ferted.” At =o JSoCm) =) - did) eo © Salap eee, # Nature of In la) ie there n -indeger (nef fractional) ) In(%)s wyll be even th ne even ' will be odel i n> clef 7 ee (YT, Cade CN? Sy tm) tip Int) has infiotte No. of nodles Uy ECR Its) J= 25, a) Wd [a Ista) ] sae" Tes Cm)BE Ban gn = (Spy) tha) ® 251- Sn =~ Sway ) Jey {= id I fies) Teeou from vance fot pt ne # o YW, xt S i d Jy, = *( 4 i J.) = “(4+4) Qyot , ola —_ rH wet * ‘ uo ane nN ~ = / Finy | dE. man - ——— : _ aq if [aim ri] af Spa) - DEL Tit] oY — P 1s q 28 2 “~__ Bald Pitty) +52, (7 Y 8 [ ee! ee ay m Un 2 Ines)4 = 2 @x13,) t nf 5,15) = én (Sn-rInuyf Sn bSo-Soye ]- 5 Hese we Pee) ee ee Sn 22 Shy Ines u 2 Sn, In) To finel finof ang. nee So Now ofovm * welalin aN Tn © ac (Sn41 + Tn) 22 3, = Snap tay e+ n= n+) A(nt)) Thar = a (Inyo? bn) PSone 2 EES Hy Pulling these values in 4 © ze Inf 2 Sn Snt) “Sna] Sry [3,- a0 5 od,* brenevating function off of Besse functions = Diff saction thscogh re Aperture. <7 Infinite sphevical felental well vir) =o OL4Yhaq = 090 otherwise \. Ya (au) Bessel porch E a Ly oO a “ FZ t422% — 2) yp (0) 2"40.g7%---~) 4 Tot) me a(z-2) Caffictend z” an te expen Hen | e be a Besse function 4 ordley 1, Hh (Z") = Ia (u) Lor Gs (u.F'ne ) (b) Bin(™Bne) (9 Gs( 4630) Qen(oees Ae y (2-2 ~ gt yet (2) 2 = 2" Sole) nee ef optim @ G (4 re) 5 (e#ne) (3) Snag ne) : K © G (Gre) r@ Syn (49) | ol (mora) , 1g eo Ze “tly of ve Gmpaire } (2-4) =) So pt Ze e . o3 no ei (wnt) - Ss ee Jn (1) [be °@ OB I + : ae t eM bona 3 1g 2! (20 20 eTp +3, (e%e 7 +3. G +e ) + Tg er er eee ete ey [sas Calarine) alan (one) s Tot LET Bnd Ha Gege + @i Tg Fn 39 + ~~~ Conpai ring Trans a aad weal ond Ineyinory port [= (@ S00) = 5, 423eGsR20T2@HOsgoe--— J 8.eta ee $n se8ng)» 23, Sn0+ 235 039 4 ~---- cst& A-G Sun - 2 GSE Leb fylm) (whee n=o1h?, ~~) be poy nomics of vrder Ae ap te offcents defined Th Ha Dotervel “fals) F (apela = = Pol) 7 «) Sern» Han +5 ame fin: (2Cs- oy) (webo=% ed and ln) (3h) &e ade my, af Cs) dean) - ve (3+) (Yelay> “Ante oflt y) ° fi fn 1) Fata) = San a offer seh ving this ™e Con piver find Ris) onal fu) dice tly with thy qiven tnferma Hn So we tive fo . dino redatrons - : \ la) fol) da =) Jee hinds =o @ L t | Pla) fifa) duel, ao BE (x)du ~0 2 v So ‘ohech by op tens — oplin @ flu) = $ fon = fF (8s) q 4. - ¢ -t}<%- Jeu e gli ~ gle 3 Ie a) -PB-yoae 2 Jo-sa-s +28) obsrg [fam = fade + fa] 3 fa ateyb LE ‘yes y" 1 = ypand - orgy BY a Zz 3 a. 2[" —36 we) a 5 BET Ee hts so op¥m | SAH Correct opto) fs ts fb ¢ ede s 2 St V Cl-eact +t”) 2 S ("fn (s) nro Reyer? , Pe (a 29, Gell. = (47) = holm) Gel #7) = Gb) Coe (1°) : Petal f,,C1) 2 (-y” , 7 ow Pp poe fy feg (re? -99] y= a oe] le] <1ne feo) a) Solu) , sanipeet ond (be Cru orr | * ay - to @ e“tian W Cor h ear ar (EX by au je ving woe lo = Orwwwf = ta & fist option uh a ot erred. beegt Ine “Oru vate 7~¥ Hermite Deffrensal Equation e San clevred a { Henmite obferrndral egienthon ay RUC e* ty + gny zo (n= +Ve Integer => ie Solution = fy cnr ae, ("7 heamite po yremted Ge n. —S Used in = - 1-D. Havmonrc Oscitleler— Ven) 5 ka? tyte}) no nt) [ote] [4 (0) Pari ty wave dunce Ul) Nede vu (Si Hole) =! Hy l™) = gu He (u)7 bat Hala) = 89-18% I 7 (1) Hn tel +2 Even if n= even cele ip n= oode4 Nas Up ew oT Nodes. @ Yer) > even petty —s»- even > n seven [neo,2,, - “3 ~ oold parity 3 n-wbl 2 ns odel (ne), 13055 >) ® Bonecadin fine Hen oO [| Heemite Telynomell oo ae S » Lz é. Ra Coefhictend z” tn He expan tien ° ate ze will be a) i x Ox henormeh ality Gondlitien + “pea ace (evn Hon (] Hy C)olag = op? ‘mH bn | x Shifted Hemidte ‘Te hynomial) = Pen. ete HS (m) = Hn () fee nl de J? | fies Ha Co) de - to / Yan yy Ry (™) = 8aP tf uy . 2 (sa°-125) ‘ [te or tae SeBie Given thet State) Leer 1" the vale 7 Habs a) 1* () 6 (we at (d-¢ wl" = 6 = te 2 Ce CS Meher Hale) = [6 (e) #80) te = £ gh +12 Hy le) = ie | Secon Me trsol. _ teem -t® ceé : - (t-# to yee (t @ 3,7 ) = 2 Hy lv) Seog 2! om gto) wo] Ancesin sm expansion nok ) Gru So tts Cocffre'end Wo, Nele. “een fl Algeb-wi'c port nomial Can be ww tten as a hineay inate Hermite olynomect And * coder pee fey ne will ee de Reyhuet pbler val present an a dines sate i ry¥ Laguarre Pifevoled Equa then + Slanoloed! wal re ees aay 12 any re he tue Ihdeger MES SD Feguha ‘Bingules ond > fivsd Sol tad e f “Pu first solultm Loauayre De. Ww 4 devminading senres wi kilo Laguest ¢ polyromtal order 'y? ye oe ( « hola) | Lit) e t-™ Lalays a -pate 4 \ } { 7 : > Lal) Y neither even yor oclel joretion Use '- Ryeogen alom's twee Pee x ene satin Gane bin & [EP eh EOIBe cefliecien! 4 2” th Yor engeinion of Seale 2 wil) be the shgaarre r lynemral 7 pier rn x Onl nels Gonele fron Us) In (nl = 4 nia not ansicleved a LHS. Hus omy ony - ant = : Wi C1 aezexty Be Se"Bh) i+ FP, (asa) +g h.Cose) i S = Py (esa) neo (nt) > 1 oe _¢: [et ft) ; j= ta 242? ee 3 ee 20 zM Jem au ztzt : peeemet) = Cotexg2tu) 41-49% = (2-4) &4 iyfe (2-9) YE aap * tn [Lana] + feenzt J _ ’ ees! 5 ty (lam) P22 pane J, 5 215 = aie > te Cords ee] ~ ty Cieng => fale ni pt = Gea, n=O a. treat) at ancl an? dy + 64 = nvan-6 =o w (nt 3) (n-2) 20 N=-3,2 sh de postive integer Sofn= 2} S — Soludten 4 a ogi" Ayla) > op din QO a Correcd,QP Te expression f,,(0) Gn be waitten ar So bo 6% Oh go!" , ? im fy to) 60) flo) f. (0) even ofeler clertve live af aco WO, At +) Ale Gi) Jo Felted] ae 2 [oe jes’ 2) A. a a abs) + n(n) 4 =0 nNnr)ye alain YYso 7) — = -n(nv)) fe) +! + So fc peat) yy ne ye Pi ) dre CET HI oR ae T = $67 He hoa] re ice)rai = Or J nena) fol). fo (ae -! +1 = nent) fy ().6 (mel ay = hlna)) of 2 by arthonor med) : fam | t ove “] PN (nt) (Am) Any are tiv) af “SETA? |] =a (Ste) = Tan (2) ‘ 4 fet, J _— 3 — il orn J = TeV ta Sy Toast Dn oer = SaSnay * “Sew [Sos Son1 Bhi) “fe Sea -Sen WO ® Snare Sn Trae here Swe} AnASpy2 Ve @ unwontet So we Seduce t} In Sn ancl Swat by BKA £ Ly On Jy = ung + Jnr) Un Al) Try) = 4 Cnt nga)= Sn dy \t see, [2 Sy - ony Tan + «3a [3m - UMD + Jn] = SnSay t Ina 2H J, _ Una Ty — nar Jn a e ? Seton ee (nal) Jnyy + SuadyabProbability * raha bility + Po bai by uy Yo nume nial meceguntmint of dlegsee ts cerdainty oi tu Oceutrante 7 He event. fin even? A? an Be pper ind w ways: and Can't er in‘? sadys - no. of favourable | le wae nn ~Yelaf no. of ways frobabi lity thot event con nod happen - e'(A) - i _ _fo- 4 fev ca an do tet reg woul So peebebiliy = Pin) = Fiat 7] frobabillt ty an event die © < pla) <| 4 i PlA)so 5 Impossible event 4y PiA)=! 5 swe even). * fesmubedion and Combination + be go ry Pes mulation —? Order oloce — eae Combiner on SooeaaeeunnneEEES) Oe does nob matter 7 » Qo yf. ‘nye Teanfesmutachien = M2 n} Rewlelh fe OL) eel Corn bina dim = Ne . n) ro} allaweel. Yr T) (n-r)1 # Random Experiment & These ave experiments ™ which vesuls mow be oltffevent in each case although ok uses we petfame undler — Ielen deal) Cases, a Tesing a Gin, theoughing dice ede. *® Sample o P Fpeee Tle sel oa all possible orkcomes In a Single (2% formance Lap Ha venclm experiment J Ka Sam pl ee la cm ple fpace A coin is tossed twice. g— Tel See H He ety Tr} pe events # Twal and event ; fev orm ing a rvandem enpes! mand . wu a betead ” and getting outcome uy an . “even” : x Eel ety sevent ” sie events av Said vo be equal dikeby if their eorvees porting reabe br hit 4 wel, v : & ei a dice gelling | de § probabi Inky ag Se getting a noe ches pro a bi lity at 8 gee! aly <anothes example! llhen cin wr fesecel twrce fun sy [HA RD Mf i i t ae event oy 22st rea ee ane not HT tH 4 2) ae Ey egual tikely event TT 22D 4 | bok Ha TH au tee eqol Bkely event. Ad-ler Promea hing a dice geting e “te te even nos 5 probes pce) = 2 =} YZ Po os 1 6 rreid Plo) = 3° a: 0 : fir eed x Trolependent -Events + “Tivo events ane scurl to be Peper 1 St occurance 0 on event cles not * inflcene oloes not io f le nee occurante of ite Sther. G&- A wh ts tersseel tewi'ce. ethng a Read fn weet jess mol actin a tn in He sean ©35 " Inde perelen). © ‘events v Say 91B an two indagendlend Event. Han - Grobe bi Wy Yok Bus occur such the BJA) A i elasly occur, =) & (8) ( (9) 8) = feo ba bi bit Thak A oy oecuy Such Het ba wy _okeeadly occur, >» fr) 5a Volually Exclusive Events © Two events on sat) to be mmutucslty exclusive it ocuprance 4 om ' event excludes Hu oceurance the othe Ge de a win vii Jossee! once geting a head and getty a Yel om dese > yputucrlt exclusive | evende? % 1 : “Two mutually exclusive event an'é occur slim Yaninutl “A @in is desseof 1 -Hmes and ‘h’ Ging. tossed Foge then > Same Scumple “Space y " Suppose a vanckim experimen) kas 1 $ hoe outeemis Nn Single tetal ane experiment 4 sepenterl V- Wes. Ha dole! ‘no. of atomes vol) be= ny” 4 dice ——> eh eae ——> (2 20, “Two Independent event can occur almu temicraly without affee ere qnother. Bt dwo mulually exclusive events Can pol occurs simublentously, Tis 3 Ra baste ok (ference between him.“ge F ‘etengle uy formed 4 qn three pelnts wpe Bexergens. what ci dhe” probability Hu ws ‘tangle will be eoudlatend. & p= No. of eppiilatesed As frome 6 total no. j Friangtes fred Verleces = & c e ‘Frrangle meder 3 Verlees So Here We 6use combine tier becouse oveles dloes na} matter. Se fetal mee A's = be, a z eqpilate vel g 5 & @o 2 2 ° r : bey Zo lo As’ p log wheve a,b, 6 Can aE Ghesen ae “[: 2] condom on Hu Sed {6 445 Ff bhel oy fu prbabi lity thal the yatax wl) be. Bin gules, Se? ve. of np rmadvices _sfrmed. = f= a ens matrices rl 2. a atet (Eon, b SKS A \?| = Cab c6 Grab Geen 0a” oan feria olice uw Porat Yyrown — theee Imee Suceessively whe oy Ma prob that tk ho. of olo te on flu on ta upper Surace wi)] be — aalel to be U6. Se!" Unbiased | fair P or Brased [doadled wx given e bo (6646, ge P= Ee Qh sean, toe) oveley qnatter , Te] * Soy A,B ave two rructvally exclusive events PIRUG) = Feobebilily thet cither b A or B will occur, ter fetnve) = PLA) P18) Ex- Miter trroughyn oli'ce ss gelling Pltund or, Py Fong oo 0 Z Put) = PL) + FLA) 4b 8] as Githey A Event 5 A } 3 pe)oh oR 4 A and B ae not mutually exclusive P(AUB) = Pooba br Wty thef erther 7 or 8 ohelh will occut: \P(Ave ) =PiA) )+ #18) ) = e¢ane)| _ Probably hy that beth @O@® will occur. iD (ANG) ° Pinne) ¢o * ALB ave independent events ~ then , th A and B wil] P{ ANB) = Probability thed be $0 [renal = « > tpl. nt) | _ é & A,B we not indepenclewt events dhs‘ P(ANB) = Probability thet Foe ante two cose ~ ; @ Psoba billy q occuring @ why Ad clveely reat OC CUT @® frre babs it 1° acewring yowhy B os absreatel our : PURAS ) = Faia) £9 9-8 & | PAN ® 1a) = etAfe). BA2 Jo bolls are blook isn Ref Same Colowr elthe 28 or 2k | ieee PR) as aS cs Co eu et > Alw-e) altis-2)) as] “a5. i (as-2)) al(es-2))sean tens fh ar f ba 6 Reel and ¢ qreen belle A ee olite sollecl ay 6 a —s = 4 eS Y — eA bee Ce Gul — 8 —— La tes > Ler = Lakes” beg > —_*s, oh tees- 6 - oo ecg A-@ cSIR fee -19 Qo A weasleel oltice Kee tla poobabilittes 4,85 ss stemming ane oO les. 4 /? a H dy Drown cwi'ce 4 whad we Ye provabidiy 4 th sun tle numbers hed even? Hun ¢ ap a & duo umber ¢ will be even “SS Either even-even oad -odd f= eee) + p (0-0) = Pe) .pe) t Plo) Plo) r = (4 +S BEE +8) + (be GEE3,442 +24 ars A ag = ir ae + Of HA2) “aR E] - Fe = kee AR 257 — FF - ar ET 44 +9 ay AM fA ond g = foes a ; Hyon |, five i 9 ow 4 dice and hah oo, obabr'f fersm ge B fist bf au fe ably Hhed A , nex = Either wins, d isk hk aa ee gl hy 6 ae "5, B foot flutn = $ Sey as t ces ; x ae S$ OS ey Sx on L or ZN E*ENE NG ee f : i © a= vr ae Gale ?P. B22. me Ez r%10] X0 ur aoL ae a 366 dloys ©2 weeks xT = 364 days Rdoys - eT p= ef frmmalle clays “Bla! no. 4 ays - £ + 18 fs A 3 lin | loose m Me M; Bither Win Win deose, on lin doose Win e Joose Vin tin ~tfro My Zydxk Und 473% 3% 5 Ulin » abr hek Win s Ql oe Baba ha mm Either fired shed 0° + met or Seund Shot 640 eo S - Third Sot 0 6 HHO = OST of Bunth Shot 9: 6 + 0 0740-8 XO} 0. 836 = OF 401F 0.9% 40.336 = O69 Me R34 f, ba. 2 Bier 1% Copper F Blver, 3 Ce ppew rh on _ ss te > 1 Shier ee - R-S al " a ¢ Qs499 He . oe 12 416 cleatP(A) = % (9) =(l-a) fe Payee “etal groban : ayy (=) Cry} frrrvetie 770 bebility = ay So frokabt li by thot Yo statement oh Yvue vy - lA q aay t Crem) [Ay ) 2S Ae fe Ce one “ ae Gren! f\ xy He no. bill be — ob'visib 4 a> " w a? events ou nd aru billy excdusive # (ALB) = epipy 4 pg) - p[P Ae) = 13 4 BS ar ie N Ibo! Jool loot - lest co LIFBAU LL, gsqeis (eo! Ye “ey | Mot eo ie RU iow [oo] be qa 45-8, =a Numbes 4) olvvr's ible a 6 or Qo both [ccjie es 6 led = 0 - lee! ° vo! & (Pua) - tel + eel taal loo) Too} Jeo > 167 y LOO Lay leol boos vo) ~ (61 4 1ee-4 ie) — ao C5F QR Sou 213 a — get" Soe Jc SprtSat Sc E at toby) a iH 4 [ens | | at b= by ca al -) “Vag eg ov! +) 4 7 emcee) Exduslue ,find at t=b, at be ty PL [sp + Sqr Se | cle wlll not henge =? Sp 1 oe Se SntSgrg. =) +] | ~I | +1 ) eal ~) | a )‘BAYES TileoREM "If 8, Be, 8,,--—- Bn av mu tually exelusive event of a tandem experimint with Hon Zero pr bab lity Yan fer any arbitrary event Pp Hee game rerndom experiment we On Aaven | tevin) - pai) PLA) 8) Fei) PIA &- B a MW (Rev ese Cause ) Sol" 8, bo B. ~ BRy ma 28, Red, Sdey - B-3 J bal} BB Ais | alae ga AW «BR, bw IRM 6, 3 Selecting Bag i / B. Selecling Bag h. ba + selecting Bag 3. 1 ball 4 Red 2(n) - (8 (6) ° Go $$ 7 pp8,)P(P}a,)+ P(e) PA |e.) + F (Ba) PUAIb) 1 x be lL = 3 Oe, = Th fe cin eee 2b Tog, a Be, es Seg 6! < wn TxS! epee toll We we ——_ 1A ol 2 ! ra Was) a Yeni +% Thon ~Yo} 8) ) HAA XA) Tr 8) . é b a lo 2 “te é By, Bee fot ba wt &t Sth, fo le +a : 4 Fale 1 Beuble heaoleo! 1 Gin 3 ess ——3 3 Henole Ae ny ating 8 Head iy 3 do Sees 6, = Selecting a fare Oty Bt Selecting a Deuble Heatlec! ej °(8.) PCP) 82) P (8,)n) = fasta ceemiabe aot P18) P(9)8,)4 P18 ,) P/#1g,) = a “ H HHe OS 4 \ aH Hh gL yy HtH loo leo THY HTT = eS i = — wo st, TTH a Saar ules Boo Yeo ts Boo = a Bow S _be* to} = B.OI4466 eK o0Fr fe: iable + 4 Ronco Varia Ho di defined a8 -ceal number 2 connected wit, He ad come a wandom expestnunt.s Ex- Two tees of Romdom Vowiab lee. oO PMiscveate f @ Cond) wows 4. Bisevecle Random Variables “Fas ype of diesen e or Countable innfimte numbey ¥ Variable tekes fintde number woeea Yoluee volues . Ex= fA Cotn Gu deseedd tentoe - HAONT TH Ty AS No. of Heack jn th outcome TYO1T By finde nes dtsereale: veies _ é ae © Gx- ge ninth ne ft %3,.-— = + F Rmatr : é Ex: we, - €\j)Ea,.-- ZL Continuous fromslan Vorviables - “Hise ‘hige a weve lakes — unoundeble infinite no. Confluent ‘ Volues . Exe C4,2) ae seal number e et) en infinile nanber but fase Gobimeus VestibpProbability Disdibuton & , a 7 a ” Fey dtefined as te sed of all pos tole outcome % & and, enperinunt — with — theix ceriespencling proba bry 1 Discrete a Biel bubim > Ex Goin oy essed yw toe Hecel e «<—— diserele Fscha by h'ly Bredot budien , Suppose % a a di'scele Sanolomn with (A UAE “t 1 than Nevmaliserdtion = P ter) = —- Conall’ Lien, (21 verriablo uy /'JA 5 Pen) + fla) + ee (i) Mean od the Pishibution - {4 uy eH + ) one ion [ate Standard clayia dita on Y limen sien length weet 2 _— hgh SSS Cay wd Plate aa fie bevoe. é SZ — dinanston 4 dinanst on of dergih S nbetei) - S ¢ a) _ ’ & HM PCa) za pla) > gaye eH bay gary daz” anne “eat am) tet Smas Suppose an poreabil ty ois thy butien ey defied a5- frod =f irr Gh S Uppy os oO eoty “Rue muon tu olis tribution will be - oy mal . ‘ we jw RB ya) ag Sel" oof orm banily clistetbution (all otemes Pal pon i" ty) Us care & 9g; (Pfr) ) n=} x IL ged 4 Sat Le So) RSG ooo n [i au an) et yen) DO a = (nay a ns B& “Ru Vorwiance of He — olisdribudn wil! be o% a auy® q CY = Sa? plas) to ro Cite he * x~--)} = Aen) Con 41) 6 yr Sey = Ct) (nay) z fra) (na) eeQ 2 Zuyo = 4 <7 Clete see) Al ne (ee = n(n * ' ere = nowt) qe mnt) (2na_ atin 6 e _etnanenan) = 3Gotnay] 12 2 [ary mtr el) ~ afe(n ein) ) _ 7 ene be ~n*-3 6 a 1 = n-} 72 Be SLL TE dle wre iar Oy if He die aesule in an odd no. Dd %; PCA;) even “ * the) (ab 6 rherno MAL GPT Tal BU Tol ~ tee te en “alld 4- A csemeloon expesinent repeated man ime and each Tal iden Wool and inclegencl ent of each other. 9- 4n eoeh Jrial Vheve ane gly wo udcome . guccess — oynel fe {iow Haw +o Cabeutate probabrh Hoo ecanelom expeninint vrepewted n times tun aba di lt reo- No. Suece Skea cent a 14 be~ b ¥ Ly In. Byororntad Disk fons "ap gh cren) h= no. of dotad YEN: Sutcese event A Pe porbobr tity Suteess % event D ina wngle dial Q, = poodsabr ll ly 4 feikeowr of event Aan a ingle dojeEY An undiased Coin i toseed 6 timer, [hat oy perbabilidy of obtaining 4 head’ ? @) 4h (y) whee ow \]s2 (of) 2) oy fi 2 ne 6 geting henol : Su ecess Te Failure wey bed qa 2 ; (ey ptir= "%, pl) (2) - 6! t) [4 aren) Uy (4) = 3k Ro XM gee PAL RET = IS fas by ~ v) " Sel “ingle bial — thee wing an deoseed “ogether NT sucess Pils TM wnt, WTR, Ree, Taree Haoba bil! success (P) = + ae " w lave q) = F Nw . ¢ Sutcess t= s7 oe Pin = Se (A) (1) 2 Sl 5 Tem #) - (4) a a us Ve probab | My odd laste — Suress g = failure 3 nos vey rs = rrosheadls exclusive f=? (Y~¥) & flys) & a ~ GIS)! « & CS) 7 talG es ~ 5 tao ~ a aen 2. = vel’ Sw 66 ] 6a. . (Oia Mial ve a MB) 2) So i 7 ax bl xd Se > fe er ———-#8 (ar aap) rat oo eg pe fovewrable beng th we (tt) ee Tedd length , 2 fal eng 5 (gla) ef > ar -Zdau ot 9 Wa atatte chee A. Lla~ Neue = fe-yre £ dz. ang pote gE > J wen bre |b (k) Fe at Boa Lab 5 -aeuca24 _ “fe = 20 ftorabte oom * ig Ye ps fie gu ey" - = Plodd) = 3f (Even) 2 Freba billy Y qh even + fre baboiley ¢ {ven evey, L. ; aN PCE) + P(e) <4 ite) =} P(E-e€) or (0-0) 74 P-P (6-6) t P Co~o) ~ (Exh) (9x8) oe oDae #éfo,4] 16 [o.4 ] ep wai)! Pe: favorable fovea Total ayea. Area of ae = ae a (@ as t pas! uel) fen 4 ‘rangle e ghh Bo on f Shaded le S fe are Sbh gp aah pool (ora oe Probability 7 (4-3)#) = 7 fo Bol” op ——> 999 A uo 2 acgxd eT P > Fates . 4 orepeatation owe) allowed — fun - _ §% p - AxOXt = 9X4 XB oat HOW Sal PlH) = 0.8 Y yl YX I 2 Iw) 2 o4 x Vv x x P= t-P uy etf) < ie (0.2) (ol) * © 4g) _dnsW Ww an ) S— Balls 2 Gall T Ball while Ql, 3 other eter Coleure > 8) 81), Rother Colun = Ba Fld) 1 othes eolaer = bg em eniet AY Selecting gi Balls. P(8e In} = #2 (8) = PCB) = EBs) PBs) = loc f* perl Fri saale ares so Stata HAAN nep= A Ses Btn” S97 418) ae © are g) e Lo P{ Ab, ee Q P( +) %, ss st OO @--.. @ Sor Choo sing firs! ball pyob. = L \ vt LL +h wey (n-2) | @& SoSol P ©} a (P) I~ C9) means everstsit proba bility of P (ns d@es nol UlAS, 8°) p £ Occuring event &b, Plane) -4 > vrye P en ae 4 \e (ACVB) 1 ~ PION Eire) Jy Uh P(e) y- Ct-P tn AB) > *- Pie) ~ PB) pada ° % PO) eta) 3 T3P(M) = 3-2 33 = Ir? 1 AS more) &o P eR) ce >% \ r Bley. 8-4 pLl> Either - and mah ! I Infinite Of. Sovies. . 3. Oy - a A te 1 16 = 2B» Ww - age we Tle @)n ¥e et B Rag 4 j Bleck frie on o SH, 26 Ql, 48 | 1 Ball Selecling Lihide Ae Selerling white Lal) from bog 2 B: Frans ering a white ball. & ee DY awhile bal) ‘ bron be Be! ") ” Bleck 6 a4 P(e BA) = P (PIS) P18) pl “mr (82 ) FP (B,) PI 1) Be)Sol" 2 fo dines pro8 ne-lo ne ape al le ~ Ma hay “OP expect bef = 6-8Xlo “® pus ial aus 2 )-: ‘anclem variable ne i fara proba ity ‘f Success th g total. value . * ney | 4‘Kaneom Walk Treble 0 Symmetric Randem \lalk Gg Hssy mmetyic Ronclom Walk. ~ * Whn a fair win ws tossed Oubcomes - HAH} 8H jot WNT paw | 2H, 1T tHH AT TTH LH, aT THT tTT YT otesd 38> Tai] N) in 3 dimes -x Assy maetvie Random lelal k.- Suppose Poy te probabi [it fo tal a Sep to lhe “ hd ane 4 mu reba to dake a sl q1 Ha he Pe Probability fee in He Single trol gq Probability failure in We Single terval. N= total no. 4 Steps = No. vl drtals Frobabili ty ne th tandem walke Jakes m Steps and on Steps eft. Mm Sleps to 7 sight —s No. of Success n Steps to the off —) No. { pe amine N -m 2 Nop” P Sm | P t [P= Pea Pe x \hod cr He prt a ( total chis phace mun? M after ‘eps. (Shep length = Junif) ni = a N= Mev of Steps =m tn) 2m ~My M = imenbt——> step length = hem . aeetn) = NL peg” ee) Alt) = NE We ee Pay CSIR Sine 20h acs c : &)" Net | Meo ‘ p.l2) © _*! pf GX BAI : aaa] see i . @) me* Wht te quempe oligp luce ment Cf Asevnety ‘andem walker dey i no. 4 hp ? sleps Sy ae a aleps Carsider Resa Jive metion = Ra fixed and Ky da moving wr ety N= %h Kelative dls place mun dt M=o fy, (0) = 2 yr (2u2)! 25) a ; 2H. Sn (3) nenWi Ww 2 ai lc. ese) 104 fo 25s) tal Jove +9 Cf) e-2r6) 5 o-cra (Hf) After nN Stef - a oy Lv 7 -o.o Nality) 2 Kola ) Oli-vecluon e evan it s deal) = 95° (a) Ur ween, becuse tt vy rok A symmetric tool 2 ( © Ct \ Gob. of NrE olive qeentter So < : SE olfve™ Oct Pt ei ora tes Hea omg pou“ * POISSON Poisson olistvibutten eg cloning fom rd binomial —olight buen. ’ JE Yes ne. of feral ot infinitely eerge tw OW) Yeo babiltty of success I a Single ried Yi very Smal! \p>o) » ; ti But np wa finite quantity. (np a fim te ). “Hen Bronomial obisdybulsor anverls tm fe forse dts Wibution . ; , Veey smal]. &- Ske n= "80 > [wp + very Aarne [rp] 5 4 a an one fe ‘ Q tite om avelage concept flan we grely ~ use poinsson olis bi bulion’ L, € leo. ears in boop) book. cltsJor'butee/ rsa ln ly« _ thay [oo error, boo pages vo = “ngle oral = * & p ce loo ofl “6 erSt a sandom Crpesiment ty Yepeateel “a? Umer flan He pse babi fy Success f event A fr ‘tT dimes wll be = Ptr) ty, 7) pe No. of Jared P= pred. 7 Success fn a “wing le dora? we nes ¢ chucking 4 spun. ’ n= Sexo 3 4 b = Se Keb. of Seeoss lowoo oe) driof. : 3 ne o P04) = O) Xo-228 (BRM ease, ~ 3 $ 4 a7] (2) _ 228 x E 18 088 (bx 24 ae [ren ser |& Continuous ‘fooha bility clishibution Suppose x wa condinuan sandum vartable Corves punelin probabi ny fe) Pte [een le fen {vo a soba bi li ty alensity function ey arebabi lity olis dst bution ganetton Si a per teu Cond Urs probe by ity lista bu tia a P (2 492%.) = f qtend a df Yoo wn aoe of then _ Ne PUam2a,) ~ f ford ze = J flr ts xX Mean oy Exped uN 08“*& Gaussian / Nosma Disdvi butions ; Suppose 2 y 4 continueny —-Yandlonn ~—_ variable Corresponding to fe babi li ty te) L —> fle) 9 NL (aw 2 Jon: fade OA fee) t Normalize to @nstant LL 2 Mean os i SD. [ feo ol =) cola E fog Gafinucrus Flop 3 ret 7 “( od. : feo ) =e Cure, Sige ee Rte eae b Joss = avea under Wa curve gm a doh to f fda = are undes He Curge,Pea under fle (russian ourve - 18 4 measuyenunt { probsbili ty Four He dedet aren Dundes flu curve” howl — be ia ot = dna + So width f > Ave undes Hea Curve belween yom do Une YD te probability oe finding es w ble Ua omer ide cata Cos lipo fda = 0. 607 dee 5° 68 Vy. 4 folel avea. r ff d-2g 2m Sl4ae) ly te aa =45. Fy. i telol \ ateg,ee wi wi PGait (007 - 60.9% 2 3)3y, So area o block, S hacled segivn = Sh3x _ Wea. q So - (wo KIS. bry, Fo (5 a = Iss ys%K Nevmal Dishibution = GB. > fl fee exp pf ee ole! Ac 2 JZ (Naw variable ) find = prob. of fring pee ee feldz ” n Zon % doz1dz qe dn ado mada y {2 edz 9 Z te atez fen dx = ferde ferde ee eK p le Ca] dn acoH 2279 do cdz oOo” o 2 ft des “aa [- F Joe 2 flede fe) > qe er PF] > treba ollsteibalion lunch om of yer pmol ol'stulbubion. Heo ja =} Nermal clistribubton dy Gow stan al is tot batlen of men 6 and &fencare dlaviedion #4.P(e Lud ure) © p(-1422l) ©6603 p (aren 2a 2atgr) =/ (-2 2222) =0-9557 Asfect] gore © a At oe An PA) = abe Ue nn seo) \ Pi) =e = Plavaniarsn--.— Ay ) é = UR) PI) - ~ pont) 2 ee ae x” ne] nx| EasAs ES Zo > pape 2 Pes Bs LP yo a pat c we Tee ae a ? xX ALC <> 8 ¢ voy Pe - PC 'ng) pe! ) x ov ~ Vr ek vx PRONG eae = t-d x a Vv Xx x mle(B Gam fy Jovve Ouggg eq Tm of [Beond peilhod by reonulalén.s fe VMAS ) + eo . ‘ LA 8 paneer we {real= Jowo y* ee od ih co Ob —~—» 49q => loo Faveverbte_ _Aveq P= ect lice ~ Ate) *FourieY Devies Af a turf fo repeats its yolue Indewel a ton foo a st a Me be a periedlie® fineten 7 “se, jie {lt 1) = fletat)= a] i! ”) pesiedte fonclt o of a of penal r Hn, OEM THA dt Sinusotcal feviodi'c fine dro 2 Ne Smusoldal Pestocdlic fincliom. 2 & - Jane, Ghs 7% Squme wave TeVasiab Reclenquias ev ef & Any ne sinusddel periodic function (an be “f sine ox Cosine jor written ae a su uy aferves 4) Known of complex eagoun tials as’ tu feuniew Sevies Gapansto? of the qiven Noy- Sinusoidal periodic poncho [te — ve fat Finna 2 Real fowySertes ear law gina > Conpplea faules Sexes expan a * eal fourier Bevies Grae ae x ; Compler founies Series ExeM sin.* Bisichlets — Concli tien = feo uy defined in Lab) foncltern of of pond T= [b-a] i } | [ L I? } i) {le will be sinale Valued — anel bounded within the ven 4 0 ia Ye, fe Let q Single -verterbk volucet - flo) = (a"t CH Menaiy 2, Values ) Bounded ca hin => dln 4 2 In Cab) iy [i Pas paite no. 4 méxin and mining and finite no. Gf Drscemdinuily in dla gr Index val) ' | | | { ( dy I-92, ia 16 FA | ' | | J { \ an r ! | 1 | 1 __fe _ {2 OL 4LA “A -p7 buzZ0 [-7, a] Led {ev any defined! nm [-n, 2] oy [o,za] flee) Ae ian Gana + 2, bn Sinn “OH ; 2 ne nel 92 On by 2 Founies -efficrents. oo Gn stay! term | De term 4 the fen'es RIS > aber, bene; Rindamentel Preguncy teva 4 (nel Shy He miniinuns fequncy tex presend rp Hu Founter Series Ten —_— del — Frequent funclam en ) ig f, . 4 . a| © Principle “4 Haomente s > Ge (ner) be Dd AgGe 2% 14, 678%, --~ je ba Snr 1 bs Sing - & Fle feequoney of te fowrmonic terns wll be intege multiple of Ho Parelanen del Fre pure first hasmes fos he 2 , TEA fom bode ehPecenel Hawnenies- | fe = h h— Feeend Hoymontes. Aimplifuele of Peon! wsine harmonic & Belermination f Cons dant = QA farm 224 T) a: m2 os Sif { ) los J fooee * ae ola + 2, of Gi nxoly body nh a] 4 he A ° ° an > J foods = eka = > i = & f fot | 3 Ta,i> Madly ely e7® cotth GAma BA [He-04 mada = a. 4 e an : @ | Gamada + an forna Camacday 0 4 hel gy + 2M 9A ibn j “Sin. yer Cam Maly Formula i , a” J Sin naam dao 2A J Ga nm Ge mada = ~ Sinn> Si fim) a = anA > i afeeet] Similarly eee [ins fF ima) : g@ 4 {@ se) cledhined In [449 [ovat] fer 2 + Sans one +e, by dio : 7 Pro a J bn = a f feel din es 0 Sae Sel aaaate feo =] ~louco s-@ oS% 4) ef Heve {eos ~-J do +) & Wow Ore ® t= % 4 F eo { e + = Mn Gs neun + s hy Sn DH ne} L 6 mM ) " J “ ye x du = i | & (S%) dnt» Gufsnay -} ° 2 Bn ana]? ; a | -2 Bn 2] ~ 3: - l : 1 A : __ 3a | no - 4 = oO = vos os ‘. Sin on da. + J (-2) #” 3am ks* Even finclion dbs) = fee) fee 4 cle fined CA 27 ee |e Know that (4 (e) du = J 2) clay , if | (mu) = Even “ j {¢ (a) = oolel ‘e 5 fo. ts Ae Lb On 3 fuer a am Ce Even Even 2 J a = § | too Gr DA ao by = Lot , 4 | fery. Bn 228 ol 20 - _) _ J every L dele! fle) - e re 2 Cn Gans Founiex Gsine Sine = ftm) fim d® tina Ba: o- Sinn ~ 24% Soot / tot, i o . 2 & J "feral « & J Bina Gu nada . fin = [6sT We Gon ned write ' [el = Gx apo ' = —-Ga% X40 ' t \ \ tke this, 7 Heyy not He a A & Ite Con 2 tan nol ; , , Isinn | Ch write [espa] ike Bo n edt “ Al So (nia $n (m1) om] Jn u 1 [ eaten ‘ cmc (my “(UMl) -Ef- em ] fv Ganas en? (nay) vod e * i . rs oo fe nzoded An HO) {er nzeven Se option © oy Correct, Aq ayy =vg go PS ae Has “ ; une Lem JOO * Got a)Gr 2 ta, 4in Ay Je sam hind & tos een Conttan no Founier Sevres , function and we know 3 Sine ferm So Tn Cven azo.ae © = M44, 640 O = ota, Gy =-a jars | So option ©“ eesvect Ac ilo = nt) a & nt Z fy Sinnse 4a fins B+ EBS pal ee tle See yred Here given series sy Gnn ected . @ > re fut in da Coste ream beez whn we § nh? wet and 2 ane Bo oe we yr Sovtes % we fave do por 9 selected valuc of % MH which —qhisel Jexm net survive — amel ere jesm survive.Mrenereallyy we gut in Hue plaice of whow we ole stole whi © oF where but we Ives ahteynete 3 or ta pete mn ™ plate of i See, we when f ve ut aro 1 + ancl - “han beet clon neeol deo cham e fhe “ign fp %=0 \ . When we neeel de change Yu san hove do put (a= 27) ov el they Xe In flrs ques pt [ero] Him) 2 — a? ml f 4 +2, » Go nt 6 < aby eS LO) oe \ ap dh o = Tk +¢C pet aet oa a eee eee a) . ga tge } fins BA — 8 Sel" {eo =u (“aA Ca 2x) os nh fon ECR) om —@] a either pet © ae) Hun LC) Hun ia So we So hw we flor we th oH,uta Hf nel lathe ther {uneleen wu olt[feren 4 ov pores Sewies “i aliflerent bul = ume. 2 “a olees nod chege: which 8 2. Let's ea " ealleulale Row — 6 fe) : (-8 Jen” so (wa) — @ gust by Sh n by m O x®™ (fol ¥ y= Integy a Hy oo m+n 2 te =) Sinn HY My i mn +n a 2 - 2 4 ne Sane Sn mrda J tof 2 FRO 0 4 we! nel A l *Smn & PT pgans 2 fe ie oe j nel “ en = quen 7 = 4A S 7 7 a” du = SI ne 5 4, = 79 TA aa? _ an 3 phen proceed Aimilaely.* pquave hlave * fee) = tK | o6%Ex =—K , ~ALRSO brvaphical Nature { fimedien:- ~ i cb i af 1 q | So from rey we can gee th Inverted mivror senege oH Se oclel — fametiom Ay co Gy =O a & by = 2 ( fo 80 nade 9 “A - n ak [ cone OY gain nada eae mJ na os {* , {or neodd 6 ! for B= evenfo E ay (Fy ) Bom Jer {erin a(t i039 = = reer Sor Visublisa time “ vin BS | “fg. = 1H Galo ie tee fer fi___olegth 4 peak decreased * — a | AkW2{loa = TK Sina 4 2K Sina + 6 Sintra - i. | oy Vite, 3kH2 s kHz {= Ike Snput ike - Sywre wave or '- [KHz “pne (lave oe 3KUZ Sine wave 4k 1 3x ; \ , \® Lemplex Feuriey pevies Expansions {or defined in 4,4) } le, 24) @): Gt C, ella ai]. _ ins] { n P M, 2 € Hee Li ch bed - ne ” Co af fe Jalan C,- al ‘fon ginnalf 4 nan Cn 3h i go fet ae ae Obtain ta comple ¢ i e) plen haem af ty fnvrer Senes of te std t ' a 6 —-ALUNLO Oo G*47 KEP Stic ene cae Pian = Lo. 3 pean BK Hele = Galeaiatin 9] fim whit =! [& 3 ols con Winucrss a feed | fase) 24 LAR EARL Bron) - bny Gn a oe ab nah Nd* oe HONS form * this function rte ano they process og in 7) setlon, transforma tin a@nyevds firedienr diroush ta He fee fis ) ( ) = i § Ae ce Kernel of He rams form : # fourier “Transform - of K (3 a) = a fountey fsr- F Lfrj> be ef fee [ont jm - F Lhe) B (ine als Inverse fourier TFronsfivm . Phy sical Hignifican be - After opptying fousier ems form we cnvert tits. spate posihien See — wave fi melon Into momentum Spare wave furotton. (1) {le — —>{ Jt tee) tos sna.-AHeaann flay ——> {2 Lees Say Yew) ES Alp) yf fosit : 4h Nien Space ne entum Move Gor ite Space oF " k-space wave urchin, These Fanrey Tans fro fosilim basis Momentum basis elgen qfunclion eigen funclin. - c a Pe ate rs 2% only Gmponint and A unit veeters of ty ve + Ge *€ ae State vectérs anc a henge But slate bia 2] Vec Does net aa effect. _ : qr VWkn any wave — function Simi lew! , position © space As nosmali sed Za hin 1} deans parm in Ney? ° pemlom Space ak it a ao oee id oso normalise! gn ly ror malt sa bey Corstant change Bi, Ral oo for a orthonormal basis Pom) = “i of - = 4En $y Basis eigen fanclion 0) * Sfp * Sp bap* fosticle in 1-D Box'- g (0 = fF Sin 2028 : a Pla = 2 on hy (%) Fr [et ’{p) = 2 Cop doo (0) @ [e —£4t__, {®) i) 4) Time clemain Fr 4 Preguinty clemin . 4, LEE "By a Yu func im in fu frequoey domain we” can Caleulate we Can ealtunde He yer, Compo nunts pre sen} in Ha Hime varrtag “apa.” Sar {lt Gaat 409 ie Cosa d detyt cat, clat sy pigt e It [+ a fe . ae zx al| . ie i( t 40, cas [ Leta « foe] “x a Pet of fore fu) 4) W wed So we tan Se [Ui)> GF af Qntains only two fre waney prs) ad we tt anal olher € ; Y YM we-q. . = ta & ten ty positive numbes Huw» wee ve € positive bs and ws -4 Rave cregative reg wn ty ; a what nue by ale five freqeney 1 ths Way votoatio cr clockwise fun we alle ey, » Ve 4 » Ian folabton oy anbiclacteurse é Hun we calleel ve Greg. But fat. 41 ale, € positive. e b bry of”fis) = 99 Its) grophtcal fr [el > ba Cmp. fore effete] 1sy pt QaeEo Ss) 1d ce We Know stimu | Sine (os) A Sine fume bon, cme oem " f - goeph one, aftr chien Za ny (sa) “Ea a a> oy@ {e) > graphical fore —ar® y= fia nls) tc fr (sa) fis) 26 3 Sin (Sq) 20 Sazna on un (ne 41,49,39--) ‘ ® ts) a beqeny Gmpoun's 2 E Since hu wave medion a ghts foi hud eel aver ~e jote 86 tk contains all frepuancies, at 9 & feo = W oat hrous $}an cinel E ( a a Shoo thal tes vest selis fie? [leisen beays & Merteinity poinsipte: (St ae = ts 2 of fle tise aa e @ au oo * el js-thes)* : Af fr _ . ye athsa sof — i J e ol 4 : to Sey bm Be 5 e dy, 7 \a : m y eS aa Ce “ee jam | Ge) i) a 9 _— a be Npe- gaussion fered Gk Bo poi er tS Fed also Cnausstan fos oz aaty cat — Rta a owe SD. of wave fonction co which . 4 quven une tion - nore | [7a] So alter fourier trons abr SD a aoe Ge aio | So option @ wo @rvect.ae Fewiey_hinsyevm B PLfea] - {s) FE] > ge [i £ faenter ctyansferm exis) when - at W=hes BD {om will be zere | fivte (Snail guantity) 5 Lie - de a \ Ol | FUae) «- “i bo ide Con oy eral [sesh] S a] f x a ¥ 0) chenge f Sule Property :- ‘ FEft } = a =)eh i t( ae € “I% find FL ew je? Sa py gat 2g lth ~ (ali = € . fle) $s ‘9 Bo FL f(a) em] en o alhe ane qe) se FR 4 given : Pos @ shifty Prepery = clad Fly] fe) Flite) ] 2 fe) Haute nee] eg. fry -é (accae on) Given = {> ~ ome jis) = tls ” “aby pae a BP fn Ee SY) r nad 1S sflew] = a Pete de ie -A BSG eo hlee , Dr -($.F Fle“J-#e ‘te ee Es Rp e Jf th furier ‘evans loon (x) fis) Har thak 4 fe foie coped ‘ Oneiuga te of feo Ey f tft). FO) er fies) (ey fer @-fhes) FU {en - fs) - ~ f pnt om PLB) J < pte [Pro cae fe) oe ca “pte a |e me = Fue | fs3. Mechlation Hropevh Flfter’} = fs) F [fei Ggam | = Zz Ll) + ft3-a) "tin a eq, a Veg dike me d F le Gabe J Py whin [er 7 68 an Sel" q (518) Ww-a “y Ce p 7 Th I -($~2) 4. F fe /Gs : VJ ale € + i é J (yo) oy 2 ~( S44) fg -(s-2 . e| e ey 7 -( 8744+ , Af sige, jg] ether gQ _ (shy, FI ee ny oP oer a USED ost ac “- owe jomee*] -(8'x4 = z EY Gy As~ PERSEUAL'S IDENTITY > Pipettes - [ie fi Pfr gors frteogens -8 gQ. fe >I \ul 44 =e jo) 74 piss {z Sua find fee 4 & Using nD) identity ‘m gen felon +d fo De. 2 -a del sa = ds = dé Q@) Baie ‘reins form of flu olerivative ¥ the at §- anchin , ae namely §'fa) is pepe Mena la) © @\ (c) Sind, (lik &) ' ie = FL Ste] - Blt) eax Property of ve oeMae J “Wh fem § [a-a) du = fta) jf fen Slade Fel Bul how aro Soy Bo Fistay ]= TR ise |o. 2 18 fe 5 | FLSY) og, ik df We forget @ propety we can also salve Hal — p Che d= te) F [ft } = “18 fon i [ Sen 5 Te {Be ois ol__ Be LA ; < {) E [s')) . ois | FIs) & “is F Fyn) - ye mS we ola — © wis —_O + F [fm] - 4) FE Both ave a only change { Cas ton FUP) a) eis f(s) ksh it” Hun F fils) ) . ~is fs) constant f* fer JaLAPLACE Iyanstean {@ wil) be defined [o,-] Ktse2) = ent Kesnel of LT. Life) = fs) = (fe foode Nole Gnde vraal deans heart av stavls do use to solve Wu differen! kind 4 olifferen Ye) eoyartion s.” oo haptace shans foam use! te solve fu aliffesentiol epua tions or perstiol oliffesential J eqpations, * dome Timpos-tant Laplace “hans fams Ww Lae 2 9 ee (lll phene NF ave 8) L(#") “oA a @ Le) = de : We tp (Grau) < —Faga L [8am 2 > — : Eto ge € L(G@shax) = 5 s . L ( Sin hewn) sc 4 sShifting ‘hye perty - LE fim] = 4) Loe fon 7 i L [Osan ) > — = fis) LE e Gsam © “ea (8-2) * a& x Change of Seale property F ML Gfea) > fits) Llfam) = 444) iH tie) ) « {(5) Fon Lom fen] = nl 25, CH) J L [2 Gram) 2 “tal 2 fx) a ao ave integer Star -Zs% (st4ay® W sa a 2 (sa) fosqn 4 viii) foo 2 Bin (aa) Ge (a) (ry) nx fea) 1, LCfie] = g sae -£ S~ Sds-q 5 792 504 A Mi) aE if Ga ES (st) a eas qt ‘ave | “ , Lee {eras eh - _cseie] / A [: { (s- cated tf canals] = Esta) Etter (s-a)* y*Csaayt a ab(s-ay a (stafrae al a aasty ats~ $9 -4 Oats -#)~ (sts jae et Asiok ck ty oy ta 540°) asn) (#) Ce Gri te en ) ST ° [iJ * (ho ie! ae STN] es stq = ter wat (stq)” _|— Cseqj” Ang a- \2 Qe LUI) ] . : Sime te at, Bh - ea a” gha® ppt ee eco de L[ Sots) ) 7 wl a 4) L.4l a te - Se hoe J) (any 5 jar (esd) eae tae (4, ov) y eS an Sinan, - eo - Su* LLG) = = 12) — at 4 IK) fin = Se I (ad) -F 8 tag! af: ce [os 7 dente - sen! 3 = tartan 3 2 Jon's = Ae dels 2 tens - oS - Bogox Laplace ‘ras from of a ‘textelic funehint & Jy pevioelic function of ® of pede 1 ! 7 Lf] J feo ee Je —* « Bo Po é mk J fone é 3 e pei GIF fi Ey) fer ANS ue and) te FO fer nai dm Zanrk C te) -49 (n= otk)T “su (a) @ alm LEpoo) © eer 5 f Lm) < ders Sire “ole ale fe", {: in f fn / ire ra eae i “Ue [< } oO ey, [ent 1 (re? Tye sa Ste) (+) [ier aos = Second Kledhool + . L Ce = J ftw) oooh 2 — < Piertdat Vue Md toe 3 - ! “su = [conn t Ss toe-.- ~ ls —-S 2 - Hay 1 3S = £4, eek vt U-se _---as o ~$ 5 3 — | ars Ae 4 L (sa) cue a— Beak partial thin vot easy so we ind bt ¢ option hich give inverse L T's function ‘7 “4 Lu move ee said eaisies than apes wey ; Bis jo: tien) ~ 4) 24 et wy dPri-e ; +t C4d t-l +e cy attr) ee oS ypeertety 2 Wok + ay é St 3 Ust) sts +S st\)o 5 / -& Maen : oe oa “ . tea) tyi“Hovtial Hi [fesenti Cg uation Contes hh ONL Sndeperclent this s4ype of Biflerentiad . 1 nel eg ual pass tial advent ynorve fon ° Variable. ab hapdace Equotion cae vp z0 ve 4 ve 4 ve =O om aye Oo : ool 2. \clave Ea uation» een ae L& ov] oe _ C= Velor'ty 4 “ght in fer opr 3. Heat Es uation - = [ae aku | 8D ile Ota nee [A % Onstant a) Lemper aber Chomain witede Mme, &. Schrodin qer Eque Hon °- 4 _ 42 fy VP = Ep - Bp*& Pepasation of \larinble s fissume - Peay t) + Xe) YG), 22), TH = 2@)4 Assume gai uly 6) > x)- Tl) > Ve = 24-7 Ye Qe QW =X IL Da dt Now put here Values ~ ~ da 7 oe) 2 axa +XxT Pividl-ecl by XT both Bide - >» lat - BAT ye > cael T “ye tek Se olepy ie “Lal 2 2, JT. a x a 2K a Tye Flek su pl Ig » ttn) He => 4) - ata = xed TW - Ape aks aR) YeGiven Cerclitim = Uta,o) AB=G Keo Act . “Qs Ba vibration ¢ ao eles te spring me qovernedl by Hu partial differential eguatten ie = fu, [wave ey”) ~ He tengin of te ring Ge Sn) both onde ore fixccl the indie! velocity a Yl eyeing 1S Fe, 2 By ini ted ali Jeelion a Qiven by ~ uta) = 20 Sinat Sndu) “Fle oli pl ect an of Hu wibrating spring wll be- : @ uwet) 2 gloyet Snms Git asa) a ® utet) = 2 Lest want cy Ht Bndn] © UW =o [4nd nm x 6s 31 Con3-~ | & ® Ula €) = 20 Bnd sina— O34 G3) S20 Assume + West) = Xt). TC)>» xd. = pdx. dz® Divided ; XT on both Glele at oid g a + ma =x ti, = -K* (Say as @notl) Hee We Gin rel assure eee eee tofr . T ae > 4 D Tht) = nel Vers 2 <4? fells Yhal at tee Tlt)=—< So UKs hth mans at tnfintte Hine oleflection infinite i b physice eee p not physical acceptable becer, physteall after t-c0 Hew Sp sting fas deflection Bere. Se We can not cheose +k te onby choose ~ 2 Se TO = 9 ake y Bink t XU) = 6 Coke 45 -Sinka 8 let) (f Gektt Bn Ke) (Cork 4D Sinha - bounce dipmds on ; ulod) =o "Y Mal a (x, ¥)eo J Greli frons| “Eh es, ona An te = ( true i all yadyes f% ue = &[ Sinn + Sng) —ueynas, See) 5vo ulo,t) Bo 2.5 C0 ulmt) FO > DSnkn=o D to Sinkn =O Karna [k= J Heve ( 1,23, ~—) mode ne (4 represents ehjfeseat reste: 4 vi bvartion : * Pyad = TAs. nt) y 8 Sinn Donny Qeflettn y dh Sing mn the nth mode. U(#, 1) = a Un (2+) nel unte,t) = : n(#, t) (B.Gent + Gy snnt) Sinna | anes a a (- Fagin nt .n + Gn Gant nh) Sion = = Gn =0 ®o Un laut) = (Fa Gent) fm nm Ulay €) = = Fi; Coant . Sinnt At t QA Sin WrSin Ce S, Py SinnwAGNAr 2SNBX= PB Gprt Py Bin Lt fy SindKd ~~ Foe 2 Fp =o 2 Ree Foz e ' Boyce) = 3. Sy Gant Sank ne1,3 _—_ Tyents dae Sae*) Phest Trick - — Sirs apy th given endl Hem andl find which eal sfng fia given opin "more than om option Sa fing then we Cheek Ceffietents of COE ln Am whieh must be same. Becouse - ult) 2 = Fy Ga Sn@a, nel, 3 Sn te obeve guts Won fistly we pub dea we ged option 6 &@ av not a His fing but @ od a saliscding. How we check valu noon Gish option ne 9 1M Ci pa anol Lin nna se t pan tong - So frvect o phim bs @.— at cy U [oy €) =o oe WD u (99) = #7 Be : = Sn 2am ww) da, | D A& Sn tZ Ha ae Sin AM i ; Q eG w), don me Gna) C7 oy Ne rw shiny ws shvechal ane! fire! lye “ - Jad a olistance ul ayant Paw nae <4 between eo 26s stestel by clisalating de sting Inte He pp 9 Ke (Ue a) who K= Gnstand. ~ form w Ich dy - J} Gs ereleuseol — af tzo, YW chisplocenant “f . 8 iain, J od onl time, cm be written 48— YH = Bo An $n 29 Gy acs —@ n=) . What 2 to yobs of ne ® : Sat" lt) =o ae fy E JW o 7 wyg° kal) ¢-——= taitall oftsplace mat. ( torre here pro time dlependen ce. ) §(%o) = ke( 4-4) Pubtingk=o in eg"O Alene) = Katt-ad 2 2 Ay ¥n ap > frat a) Sin BAS da, 2 z fen jan que non ~Zere oe A gi yt A da Solution whim nm \" =e even a 4 fe GyeAO | UL [Aer Aa @ yi 9 s fe a of augen rf fo = a? 7 oat, oy ie aoe 2836] B nz! oS Zi" : A“ © @4 a € re A _ a Gna) ai 6 > TT? ‘ t t Tet” eta ———— ——s, an G, w8) —>TrzZ 5E3 EB) & et in + G29 ae Fog (0 44 Lay) 4 &- GS) €rriedic in nature bu} Bk?Numerical Iechnignes Significant Figure i ®O an non -zevo Agits ate Stanifeont. (i) Zevos appearing tes wo digits ars Spica” 4 Jo o nm Ze 0g @ Lecving jews ave insignificant. Ex - 2209S D ag to? hue only 2 Sign fond . : fy uxes, Wy eating Bers are Fi ni frcand- ka f ecm S400 5» ¢ Significant figures: “\ 12.34 if anal we menswu coprecd my placess of Sermed Least Cort exppra tus 3 g.owo] Jt-8423 4 Kesull chang e- o AgO0 = 2xloS —s Significant feguy vid. © oD s i any Lic ‘Guat = : X Reandin SS ia ee becez east ve = olky. é ( Moers = { Uple nt decimal perce OH th cit Pe 4 ye vat] i oe ‘ ® 4 Poe oly} In te tnt) olecimal place A € egual fo § follroed bya ger flan the oliih We opth place wil] be increaerease d if iH odd, and tt remains unchange if H 4 ger even, Ex- S850 x 3.186 3.19] 0 = 3.188 sf = folloreel by nen Zevo flun incvease 4. &- ales Isa = 3.187. Kore : of errr oe CRoe X— Xp (-*/ive) Ke Original Number Xe = Rounded ~“f6 Number it Qa no. “seunded ~ off ute nth cleermal piste ten Hae coun -off cxvy Ly ese Yon or equal fo os xi nt)|E xe lnag = oslo! Aas QS ile cere sete eee Py G7 OB ra oa et ---- + iw °S eth each sounded - of f upto Z _ decimal plawes So mm dexm- -2t) ae OT X\e = Oo bub heve Jolal terms ane loo a 0-05 416 <&) fos EQUATION -Q Polynomial Equation “® Transceden tal Equation t Oe falynomiah Equation 44 contains only algeb vate : function t a. Cl oO Transceden Gauetion '- c funcion of St Gntaings all -fesms of> let any funchton ft@) =o banded by C4,57 {Has do pind how mar seols exist. } W dea) if lb) are of opposite Sir fee) <0 has odd humber of roots in [a,b] i fla) , db) are 4 Same Sign fc) =o has even number [ zer0 numbex f yools. inlad 7) A’ as- 301? = > 34 4K 20 sseal yeot in [-1] J ~2Z4K0 2 ta) = a k27-% a Qk0 | Kado or {mM = k-Z cca ieee » nee B52 >RD qet ees 3 can vot Salis fies simullaniows hy. _ verge a) -g doth fins —~ LBISECTION METHOD = fe) =o Assume, =a , wah Such that t (a)- (4) a *o product Ur =Ve 4 negedve. Bo Bo an ome iy epsitive anol aroter Ca, b J} SS Min gre root will exist. qb fa) =e ple) = ~Ve ze guess value 3 By = se (29) Io cH EB) tree g(a) fu) eo Toot Mes efween se = ath jlo azb . 2% Guess valu ay = aaah z Af [2 Son 6 ila) Hun 1" guess valu. Mae Zatb ' . wh ouese volt 2 Mn > ft © © Fly athe! Gs nod go coeurate.(6) Newton - Raphson Method je) =O » Ba A . ssume , web Buch that fr-fb) £0 fa, } — ss amin ont ‘soot. Bil of flay ond lb) eich ow wd ebter vez te Covses ponelin to tle valu i z& will be the fist (Gaal valt value. p> nth qeee Value ng > cna ae ae This) He Newlen — Ro phsen formula & Caled hing (hers velar. Xe : % ~ fl) (ew) oom ft \ {(Ate) ' } Altes Cnt) itsadiin — " “0 He ”, Ilan hn) = Gin) "4 4 iy flen =O.Limite hieng : L 4 not $] when clerivert ; ¢ fonction ay te applica e n clesivertive () Newfon - Raphson ythec will not work why {\(en) = =O thad mean finetton {2 hove maxima os amining at e&- kp thesere™ guess wlte used i Hu Newton — Raphson Sve toad Shotd nol be ta motima ‘ox minima % flu torres pensling {© of thes equatin. d = tx) —> Cue Ht =e Stope f curve. [flea of— fo has panting [rtnving at & + ty, O The mathodl wil) ive acturade sesult 1 14. Slope of tte cune of fy guess Values fhe, { (@n) uu very high,a 3m Bor tl ke + De) ® Sel" fio) > ah ee jor tte) = =o ju = lo se 31.3 [9 = - Ve {[4) 76 2{lOa) = FAP) Hig) es fl > fia» HA)ein Ta me thee! “f ting He of gir one value ¢ R between 2% to By ws Known ag Thtex postin tee gs fey +h arch seenh ites aw £ a : = : ; fh fash fro feerhy — f(aaah) tex Ry Ky = ; ge ian -— (Say) I Fonvere Difference Operates - le ” Owroles : . Sf = flat) ~ fle) Next Va)ue Presen} Value A fan) eS f(x ae { (244) I Osler See) sal afta] = AL {lath)~fte) J* Cflareh) -flzeh) J - Uf le+h)- fee) [lerth) ~ 24 (ah) + fez) 2 a = do ~ 29,44, Sin lar ly 2 Se) = 4, > 9a 72 be3) | pe ao “4? } ‘ —2abrh” a Ove era [ie b Gv (Fi. = ¥s ro -aioh 327 do aah 3ases. 2. Backwarel Difference Epes tox e 1 osdles F Vv fe) © {@) _ {oe} 1 7 fre ent frevins 7 Velux, 1” order + Wy = Ye Rt Be° 6) shilt Operator b “ Efi > peal (eth) = fl (z+2h) E 1 a= { (aah) Ce e f (+h) ( So)” EC fr) ee) : OL fe) Sia "9 Tohor Sevtes - fi fa) + {!ta) (2-4) & Leal fear eR) © te hy ued , 5 ath ae ae ; — 7 meee Elfca] i + (ty he Mt fier:2 foot bE fob 9° Cfo Ih F E [tr hD + ba ~--- J fly -[e” T fo Bo Foe > = Amaunt qf cbsplecement “Ans Fens hin olny xoouns ECHO) ] - ie 4} —— +h) ion = Wlax+h) ead Yee (on qpewabe. (in am) oe 0 ibd 7” ra Pal F . aa fransta Hen peg gig Jn 8-D E ie FE ap = Anbat 4 iy by od