Solution of Examples

Example 1:
In the given circuit, the switch is open for a long time. At time t=0,
the switch is closed. What are the initial and final values of the
voltage across inductor?

Solution:
Before time t=0, the circuit will be in steady state condition, and inductor
will act as short circuit under steady state condition. So, at time t=0-, the
circuit will be,
 100
So, current i(0-) = = 10 𝐴
1+8+1

Now, at time t=0+, once the switch is closed the equivalent circuit will
be

Now, as inductor opposes instantaneous change of current

i(0-)= i(0+)= 10 V
And Voltage across inductor
VL(0+) = 100 – (2x10) = 80 V
Now, at t=∞, the equivalent circuit will be

And hence, final value of voltage will be VL(∞)= 0

Example 2: In the following circuit, switch is closed at time t=0,
the rate of change of current di (0+)/dt can be given as,

Solution:
At, t=0+, the equivalent circuit will be

As, inductor opposes the instantaneous change of current, it will act as

open circuit
So, Voltage across inductor at time t=0+
ⅆ𝑖(0+)
𝑣𝐿 (0+) = 𝐿 = 𝐼𝑠𝑅𝑠
ⅆ𝑡

ⅆ𝑖(0+) 𝐼𝑠𝑅𝑠
=
ⅆ𝑡 𝐿
Example 3:
The switch in the circuit shown was on position ‘a’ for a long time
and is moved to position ‘b’ at time t=0. Find the current i(t) for
time t>0.

Solution:
Before time t=0, the equivalent circuit will be

So, 100 V will appear across this capacitor combination in steady state
condition. So, let’s find the equivalent capacitance of this combination
(0.5+0.3)(0.2)
Ceq=
(0.5+0.3+0.2)
=0.16 µF
Now, at time t=0+, the equivalent circuit will be

And in the video of transient analysis we had seen that the source free
response of RC circuit can be given by the equation
−𝑡
( ) 𝑣𝑐 (0+ ) ( −𝑡 )
i(t)= i(0+)ⅇ 𝑅𝐶 = ⅇ 𝑅𝐶
𝑅
−1000𝑡
100 ( )
=5000 ⅇ 0.8

=20ⅇ (−1250𝑡) mA ; for t>0

Where R= 5kΩ and C= 0.16 µF