THEORY OF ACCOUNTS

1. In calculating the carrying amount of loan receivable, the lender adds to the principal
I. Direct origination cost
II. Indirect origination cost
III. Origination fee charged to borrower
a. I only c. I and III only
b. I and II only d. I, II, and III
2. Subsequent to initial recognition, a loan receivable shall be measured at
a. Cost c. Amortized cost using the effective
b. Amortized cost using the straight interest method
line method d. Fair value
3. If there is evidence that an impairment loss on a loan receivable has been incurred, the loss is
equal to the
a. Excess of the carrying amount of the loan receivable over the present value of the cash
flows related to the loan
b. Excess of the present value of cash flows related to the loan over the carrying amount of
the loan receivable
c. Excess of the carrying amount of the loan over the principal amount of the loan
d. Excess of the principal amount of the loan over its carrying amount.
4. ABC Bank loaned an amount on January 1, 2013, the proceeds of which will be used to finance its
planned expansion in the latter half of the year. The carrying amount of the loan on initial
recognition exceeded the proceeds received. Which of the following situations could have caused
this?
a. The direct origination costs incurred were less than the origination fees charged.
b. The indirect origination costs incurred, which were less than the loan origination fees
charged, were more than the direct origination costs incurred.
c. The origination fees charged were less than the direct origination costs incurred.
d. The origination fees charged were more than the indirect origination costs incurred. The
indirect origination costs incurred were more than the direct origination costs incurred.
5. XYZ Bank entered into contract of loan on December 31, 2013, with a face amount of 5,000,000
and interest of 12% payable annually every January 1 thereafter, starting January 1, 2014, for 5
years. At the end of 2015, the creditor began to experience financial difficulties and was unable to
repay the required interest payment. XYZ forgave the interest on the loan as the collection is
unlikely, but the principal amount will be due in installments of 1,000,000 at each interest
payment date. What time value of money concept must XYZ Bank use to compute the present
value of remaining cash flows?
a. Present value of 1 c. Present value of an annuity due of
b. Present value of an ordinary 1
annuity of 1 d. Future value of 1
6. A note receivable bearing a reasonable interest rate is sold to a bank with recourse. The note
receivable discounted account was appropriately credited. The note receivable discounted
accounted should be reported as
a. Contra-asset account for the proceeds from the discounting transaction
b. Contra-asset account for the face amount of the note
c. Liability account for the proceeds from the discounting transaction
d. Liability account for the face amount of the note
7. If receivables are hypothecated against borrowings, the amount of receivables involved should be
a. Disclosed in the notes
b. Excluded from the total receivables with disclosure
c. Excluded from the total receivables with no disclosure
d. Excluded from the total receivables and a gain or loss recognized between the face value
and the amount of borrowings.
8. After being held for 30 days, a 120-day 12% interest-bearing note receivable was discounted at a
bank at 15%. The amount received from the bank is equal to
a. Maturity value at 15% less discount at 12%
b. Maturity value at 12% less discount at 15%
c. Maturity value at 12% less discount at 12%
d. Maturity value at 15% less discount at 15%
9. All but one of the following are required before a transfer of receivables can be recorded as a sale.
a. The transferred receivables are beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors.
b. The transferor has not kept effective control over the transferred receivables through a
repurchase agreement
c. The transferor maintains continuing involvement
d. The transferee can pledge or sell the transferred receivables.

PROBLEM 1. (Journal Entries)

The Voice Bank loaned a borrower P5,000,000 on January 1, 2013, payable in 3 years plus 8% annual
interest, starting December 31. Data related to the loan are:

Principal amount P 5,000,000

Origination fees charged 500,000
Direct origination cost incurred 250,000

After considering the origination fees charged to the borrower and the direct origination cost incurred,
the effective rate on the loan is 9.97%.

Prepare all indicated entries for 2013, 2014, and 2015.

PROBLEM 2. (Journal Entries)

The Voice Bank loaned a borrower P3,000,000 on January 1, 2013, payable in 3 years plus 8% annual
interest, starting December 31. Data related to the loan are:

Principal amount P 3,000,000

Origination fees charged 130,700
Direct origination cost incurred 280,000
Indirect origination cost incurred 65,000

After considering the origination fees charged to the borrower and the direct origination cost incurred,
the effective rate on the loan is 6.16%.

Prepare all indicated entries for 2013, 2014, and 2015.

PROBLEM 3. (Journal Entries)

Cozy Bank loaned a borrower P12,150,000 on January 1, 2011. The terms of the loan were payment in
full on January 1, 2016, plus annual interest payment at 12%. The interest payment was made as
scheduled on January 1, 2012. However, due to financial setbacks, the borrower was unable to make
its 2013 interest payment. The bank considered the loan impaired and projected the cash flows from
the loan on December 31, 2013.

The bank accrued the interest on December 31, 2012, but did not continue to accrue interest for 2013
due to the impairment of the loan. The effective rate after impairment would be 14%.
The projected cash flows are:

Date of cash flow Amount projected on 12/31/13

December 31, 2014 P 810,000
December 31, 2015 1,620,000
December 31, 2016 3,240,000
December 31, 2017 6,480,000

Prepare the entries for 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017. Round off PV to 2 decimal places.
PROBLEM 4. (Journal Entries)
On December 31, 2013, Durable Bank has a loan receivable of P6,750,000, from a borrower that it is
carrying at face value and is due on December 31, 2018. Interest on the loan is payable at 7% each
December 31. The borrower paid the interest due on December 31, 2013 but informed the bank that it
would probably miss the next two years’ interest payments because of financial difficulty. After that,
the borrower is expected to resume its annual interest payment but it would make the principal
payment one year late, with interest paid for that additional year at the time of payment.

Prepare all entries from 2013 to 2019. Round off PV factors to 3 decimal places.

PROBLEM 5.
Knowhow Bank loaned P10,000,000 to a borrower on January 1, 2011. The terms of the loan require
principal payments of P2,000,000 each year for 5 years plus interest at 10%.

The first principal and interest payment is due on January 1, 2012. The borrower made the required
payments during 2012 and 2013. However, during 2013 the borrower began to experience financial
difficulties, requiring the bank to reassess the collectability of the loan. On December 31, 2013, the
bank has determined that the remaining principal payment will be collected but the collection of the
interest is unlikely. The bank accrued the interest for 2013.

The principal payments are expected to be P1,000,000 on January 1, 2013, P2,000,000 on January 1,
2014 and P3,000,000 on January 1, 2015. Round off present value factors to two decimal places.

1. What is the loan impairment loss on December 31, 2013?

a. 1,180,000 c. 1,290,000
b. 2,000,000 d. 1,780,000
2. What is the interest income for 2014?
a. 531,000 c. 600,000
b. 431,000 d. 500,000
3. What is the carrying amount of the loan receivable on December 31, 2014?
a. 5,000,000 c. 4,310,000
b. 4,741,000 d. 3,122,000

PROBLEM 6.
Harrison Company has a loan receivable with a carrying value of P15,000 at December 31, 2010. On
January 3, 2011, the borrower, Thomas Clark Imports, declares bankruptcy, and Harrison estimates
that it will collect only 60% of the loan balance.
1. Which of the following entries would Harrison make to record the impairment under IFRS?
a. Loan Receivable 9,000
Impairment Loss 9,000
b. Loan Recovery Expense 6,000
Loan Receivable 6,000
c. Impairment Loss 9,000
Loan Receivable 9,000
d. Impairment Loss 6,000
Loan Receivable 6,000
2. Assume that on January 5, 2012, Harrison learns that Thomas Clark Imports has emerged from
bankruptcy. As a result, Harrison now estimates that all but P1,500 will be repaid on the loan.
Under IFRS, which of the following entries would be made on January 5, 2012?
a. Loan Receivable 4,500
Recovery of Impairment Loss 4,500
b. Loan Receivable 1,500
Recovery of Impairment Loss 1,500
c. Bad Debt Expense 1,500
Impairment Loss 1,500
d. No journal entry is allowed under IFRS.

PROBLEM 7.
On December 1, 2013, Breakout Company assigned specific accounts receivable totaling P2,000,000 as
collateral on a P1,500,000, 12% note from a certain bank. Breakout Company will continue to collect
the assigned accounts receivable. In addition to the interest on the note, the bank also charged a 5%
finance fee deducted in advance on the P1,500,000 value of the note. The December collections of the
assigned accounts receivable amounted to P1,000,000 less cash discount of P50,000. On December 31,
2013, Breakout Company remitted the collections to the bank in payment for the interest accrued on
December 31, 2013 and the note payable.

1. What amount of cash was received from the assignment of accounts receivable on December 31,
2013?
a. 2,000,000 c. 1,900,000
b. 1,500,000 d. 1,425,000
2. What is the carrying amount of note payable on December 31, 2013?
a. 500,000 c. 565,000
b. 550,000 d. 730,000
3. What amount should be disclosed as the equity of Breakout Company in assigned accounts on
December 31, 2013?
a. 500,000 c. 435,000
b. 450,000 d. 270,000

PROBLEM 8.
Brawny Company factored P8,000,000 of accounts receivable to a finance entity on July 1 of the current
year. Control was surrendered by Brawny Company. The factor assessed a fee of 5% and retained a
holdback equal to 10% of the accounts receivable. In addition, the factor charged 15% interest
computed on a weighted average time to maturity of the accounts receivable of 30 days.

1. What amount was initially received by Brawny Company from the factoring?
a. 6,701,370 c. 7,501,370
b. 6,800,000. d. 6,700,000
2. Assuming all receivables are collected, what is the cost of factoring?
a. 400,000 c. 898,630
b. 498,630 d. 98,630

PROBLEM 9.
Tender Company accepted from a customer a P4,000,000, 90-day, 12% note dated August 31, 2013. On
September 30, 2013, the entity discounted without recourse the note at 15%. However, the proceeds
were not received until October 1, 2013. In the income statement for the year ended September 30,
2013, what amount should be reported as loss on note receivable discounting?
a. 17,000 c. 40,000
b. 23,000 d. 0
PROBLEM 10.
On November 1, 2013, Duress Company discounted with recourse at 10% a one-year, non-interest
bearing, P2,050,000 note receivable maturing on January 31, 2013. The discounting of the note
receivable is accounted for as a conditional sale with recognition of a contingent liability.

1. What amount of contingent liability should be disclosed in the financial statements for 2012?
a. 2,050,000 c. 2,033,333
b. 2,000,000 d. 0
2. How much did Duress receive from the discounting transaction?
a. 0 c. 2,033,333
b. 2,000,000 d. 1,998,750

PROBLEM 11.
Undaunted Company discounted its own P5,000,000 one-year note at a bank, at a discount rate of 8%,
when the prime rate was 6%. In recording the note in the statement of financial position prior to
maturity, what rate should be used for the recording of interest expense?
a. 6.00% c. 8.00%
b. 6.42% d. 8.70%

PROBLEM 12.
Sun Inc. factors P2,000,000 of its accounts receivables without recourse for a finance charge of 5%. The
finance company retains an amount equal to 10% of the accounts receivable for possible adjustments.
Sun estimates the fair value of the recourse liability at P75,000. What would be recorded as a gain
(loss) on the transfer of receivables?
a. Loss of P100,000. c. Gain of P175,000.
b. Loss of P375,000. d. Loss of P75,000.

PROBLEM 13.
Mark Co. assigned P400,000 of accounts receivable to Kwik Finance Co. as security for a loan of
P335,000. Kwik charged a 2% commission on the amount of the loan; the interest rate on the note was
10%. During the first month, Mark collected P110,000 on assigned accounts after deducting P380 of
discounts. Mark accepted returns worth P1,350 and wrote off assigned accounts totaling P2,980.
1. The amount of cash Mark received from Kwik at the time of the transfer was
a. P301,500. b. P327,000. c. P328,300. d. P335,000.
2. Entries during the first month would include a
a. debit to Cash of P110,380.
b. debit to Bad Debt Expense of P2,980.
c. debit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of P2,980.
d. debit to Accounts Receivable of P114,710.

PROBLEM 14.
On February 1, 2010, Vinson Company factored receivables with a carrying amount of P300,000 to
Jessie Company. Jessie Company assesses a finance charge of 3% of the receivables and retains 5% of
the receivables. Relative to this transaction, you are to determine the amount of loss on sale to be
reported in the income statement of Vinson Company for February. The recourse obligation has a fair
value of P1,500.
1. Assume that Vinson factors the receivables on a without recourse basis. The loss to be reported is
a. P0. b. P9,000. c. P15,000. d. P24,000.
2. Assume that Vinson factors the receivables on a with recourse basis. The loss to be reported is
a. P9,000. b. P10,500. c. P15,000. d. P25,500.

PROBLEM 15. (Journal Entries)

Prepare the necessary entries in the books of Walleye Company to record the following transactions.

January 1 The entity sold merchandise for P500,000 accepting a note of P500,000 for six months
with interest to be paid at maturity at 12%.
March 1 The entity discounted the note without recourse at its local bank at 15%.
July 1 The customer paid the bank in full.

PROBLEM 16. (Journal Entries)

Prepare all entries in the books of Morale Company, assuming the discounting transaction is
accounted for as a conditional sale.
March 14 Sale of merchandise, P2,050,000 to a customer, FOB destination, 2/10, n/30.
April 7 Receipt of a 60-day, 12% note dated April 5 from the customer.
The face of the note was the amount of the invoice minus freight charge of P50,000
paid by the customer in connection with the March 14 sale.
April 20 The note of the customer was discounted with the bank at 15%.
June 4 Receipt of notification from the bank that the customer dishonored its note.
Accordingly, the entity paid the bank the amount due including protest fee and other
charges of P10,000.
July 4 Receipt of cash from the customer for the full amount of its indebtedness plus interest
on the original face value.

PROBLEM 17. (Journal Entries)

On January 1, 2013, Machete Company sold land with carrying amount of P1,500,000 in exchange for
a 9-month, 10% note with face value of P2,000,000. The 10% rate properly reflects the time value of
money for this type of note. On April 1, 2013, the entity discounted the note with recourse. The bank
discount rate is 12%. The discounting transaction is accounted for as a secured borrowing. On October
1, 2013, the maker dishonored the note receivable. The entity paid the bank the maturity value of the
note plus protest fee of P10,000. On December 31, 2013, the entity collected the dishonored note in full
plus 12% annual interest on the total amount due.
SUGGESTED ANSWERS

1. A 6. B
2. C 7. A
3. A 8. B
4. C 9. C
5. C

PROBLEM 5. PROBLEM 9. B
1. C
2. B PROBLEM 10.
3. B 1. A
2. D
PROBLEM 6.
1. D PROBLEM 11. D
2. A
PROBLEM 12. A
PROBLEM 7.
1. D PROBLEM 13.
2. C 1. C
3. C 2. C

PROBLEM 8. PROBLEM 14.

1. A 1. B
2. B 2. B

(JOURNAL ENTRIES)
Date Particulars Debit Credit
PROBLEM 1
1/1/13 Loans Receivable 5,000,000
Cash 5,000,000
Cash 500,000
Unearned Interest Income 500,000
Unearned Interest Income 250,000
Cash 250,000

12/31/13 Cash 400,000

Interest Income 400,000
Unearned Interest Income 73,575
Interest Income 73,575
12/31/14 Cash 400,000
Interest Income 400,000
Unearned Interest Income 80,910
Interest Income 80,910
12/31/15 Cash 400,000
Interest Income 400,000
Unearned Interest Income 95,515
Interest Income 95,515
Cash 5,000,000
Loans Receivable 5,000,000
PROBLEM 2
1/1/13 Loans Receivable 3,000,000
Cash 3,000,000
Cash 130,700
Direct origination costs 130,700
Direct origination costs 280,000
Cash 280,000
Indirect origination costs 65,000
Cash 65,000
12/31/13 Cash 240,000
Interest Income 240,000
Interest Income 46,003
Direct origination costs 46,003
12/31/14 Cash 240,000
Interest Income 240,000
Interest Income 48,837
Direct origination costs 48,837
12/31/15 Cash 240,000
Interest Income 240,000
Interest Income 54,460
Direct origination costs 54,460
Cash 3,000,000
Loans Receivable 3,000,000
PROBLEM 3
12/31/13 Loan impairment loss 5,143,500
Allowance for L/I 3,685,500
Interest receivable 1,458,000
12/31/14 Cash 810,000
Loans Receivable 810,000
Allowance for L/I 1,015,740
Interest Income 1,015,740
12/31/15 Cash 1,620,000
Loans Receivable 1,620,000
Allowance for L/I 1,040,429
Interest Income 1,040,429
12/31/16 Cash 3,240,000
Loans Receivable 3,240,000
Allowance for L/I 970,880
Interest Income 970,880
12/31/16 Cash 6,480,000
Loans Receivable 6,480,000
Allowance for L/I 658,451
Interest Income 658,451
PROBLEM 4
12/31/13 Loan impairment loss 856,845
Allowance for L/I 856,845
Cash 472,500
Interest Income 472,500
12/31/14 Allowance for L/I 412,521
Interest Income 412,521
12/31/14 Allowance for L/I 444,324
Interest Income 444,324
12/31/15 To Cash 472,500
12/31/18 Interest Income 472,500
12/31/19 Cash 7,222,500
Interest Income 472,500
Loans Receivable 6,750,000

PROBLEM 15
1/1/13 Note receivable 500,000
Sales 500,000
3/1/13 Cash 503,500
Loss on discounting 6,500
Note receivable 500,000
Interest income 10,000
7/1/13 No entry

PROBLEM 16
3/14/13 Accounts receivable 2,050,000
Sales 2,050,000
4/7/13 Note receivable 2,000,000
Freight out 50,000
Accounts receivable 2,050,000
4/20/13 Cash 209,750
Loss on discounting 8,250
Note receivable discounted 2,000,000
Interest income 10,000
6/4/13 Accounts receivable 2,050,000
Cash 2,050,000
Note receivable discounted 2,000,000
Note receivable 2,000,000
7/4/13 Cash 2,070,000
Accounts receivable 2,050,000
Interest income 20,000

PROBLEM 17
1/1/13 Note receivable 2,000,000
Land 1,500,000
Gain on sale of land 500,000
4/1/13 Cash 2,021,000
Interest expense 29,000
Liability for NRD 2,000,000
Interest Income 50,000
10/1/13 Accounts receivable 2,160,000
Cash 2,160,000
Liability for NRD 2,000,000
Note receivable 2,000,000
12/31/13 Cash 2,224,800
Accounts receivable 2,160,000
Interest income 64,800