Lab Manual Fluid Mechanics Date:________

Experiment No. 04
To determine the co-efficient of discharge in open channel by using rectangular
and tri-angular notch and its calibration
Objective:
To determine the Co Efficient of Discharge in open channel only on Rectangular and Triangular
Notches.

Apparatus:

 Hydraulic bench

 Stop watch

 Hook gauge

 Notches

Related Theory
Notch:
Notch is metallic plate having same cut of regular shape and placed across the channel to
measure discharge. H is an opening in the side of reservoir in which liquid surface is below the
tap edge of the opening.

Napped:
It is sheet of liquid flow over the crust of notch.

Types of Notch:

• Rectangular notch

• Triangular or V-shaped notch

• Trapezoidal notch
• Stepped notch

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Lab Manual Fluid Mechanics Date:________

Fig 4.1 Rectangular Notch

Fig 4.2 Triangular Notch

Fig 4.3 Stepped Notch

Fig 4.2 Trapezoidal Notch

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Lab Manual Fluid Mechanics Date:________

Derivations
Triangulation:

θ x
Tan 2 = H−h => x = tan θ/2 (H-h)

Q = A.V --------- (1)

Hence

V = √2𝑔ℎ , A = 2x . dh

By putting all these values in eq (1), we get

Q = √𝟐𝐠𝐡 . 𝟐𝐱 𝐝𝐡
𝛉
dQ = √𝟐𝐠𝐡 . 𝟐(𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐 (𝐇 − 𝐡) 𝐝𝐡

by taking integrations on Both sides we get,

𝑯 𝑯
𝜽
∫ 𝒅𝑸 = ∫ √𝟐𝒈𝒉 . 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝑯 − 𝒉)𝒅𝒉
𝟎 𝟎 𝟐

𝟖 𝜽
Qth =
𝟏𝟓
√𝟐𝒈 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐 . H5/2

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Lab Manual Fluid Mechanics Date:________

Rectangular:

Q = A.V

V = √2𝑔ℎ , A = B’.dh

Q = √2𝑔ℎ * B’.dh
𝐇
𝐇
∫ 𝐝𝛉 = ∫ √𝟐𝐠𝐡. 𝐁 ′ . 𝐝𝐡
𝟎
𝟎

B’ = B – (0.1)(n)(H)
Where
B’ = End Contraction factor effective width.
n = No. of ends (which are in notches)
𝟐
Qth =
𝟑
√𝟐𝐠 𝐁′ .H3/2

Qact = V/t = m3/s

Coefficient of Discharge:
Coefficient of Discharge = cd = Qactual / Qtheoratical

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Lab Manual Fluid Mechanics Date:________

Procedure:
1. Fix the notch in the channel of hydraulic bench.
2. When the flow is steady, measure the head over the crest by using hook gauge.
3. Measure the dimensions of the notch and apply the contraction effects to find the effective
width.
4. Record time for collection of specified volume
5. Compute Qact, Qth &Cd

Observations and Calculations:

Obs. H H (m) H(m))3/2 Qth=𝟐𝑩√𝟐𝒈𝑯 t(se Qact Cd=Qa Cd
(mm) 𝟑𝟐𝟑 c) =V/t ct/Qth mean
-4
1 09 0.009 8.53 x 10 5.95 x 10-5 63.6 7.86 x 1.4060
10-5
2 25 0.025 9.88 x 10-5 1.266 x 10-4 33.3 1.499 1.184 1.295
5 x 10-4

Precautions:
Make sure reading is correct.
During calculation or putting the values on formula carefully and calculate actual readings.
Make sure during performance take actual readings.

Comments:
In this lab we determine co efficient of discharge in open channel with the help of Notches of
different types. We do all the calculations from readings which we take during performance.
There values are near to correct to correct if there is any error which is from our mistake.

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