Virginia Evans — Jenny Dooley Companion Ba Express Publishingpsiream INTERMEDIATE Companion Vieginia Evans — Jenny Dooley WYDAWNICTWO aOriginal edition published by Express Publishing Liberty House, New Greenham Park, Newbury, Borkshire RG 19 6HW Tol. (0044) 1635 817 963, Fax (0044) 1635 817 463 ‘e-mail inquiries@expresepublising co.uk INTERNET hitp:(! wirw.expresspublishing,co.uk © Virginia Evans ~ Jenny Dooley, 2002 Design and illustration © Express Publishing, 2002 Polish edition copyright © by Wydawnictwo EGIS. Redaktor prowadzacy: Krzyszto! Wojnarowski ‘Thumaccenie: dr Maria Jodtowieo, or Ewa Willm ‘Skiad i na¢wietlanie: Latra.Graphic, te. (12) 419 07 92 Druk: Zaklady Grafczne ,Drukorz’, tel (14) 621 22.46 ‘This Polish edition is published by arrangement with Express Publishing [All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any ‘means, electronic, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior \written permission of the publishers. First published 2002 ISBN 960-061-504-3 ‘his edition first published in 2003 Printed in Poland by Wydawnictwo EGIS Ul, Pilotow 71, 31-482 Krakow tel, (12) 410 86 25, ISBN 83-89350-72-6 (Polish edition)Contents A. Upstream Intermediate ~ Coursebook Unit 1 My Home is my Castle Unit 2 While there's life, there's hope Unit 3. Travel Broadens the Mind 24 Unit 4 Earth is Dearer than Gold 3h ; Unit S Early to Bed... seas soacternnsseseve a “ 43 ‘Unit Better Safe than Sorry 53 Unit 7 Penny Wise, Pound Foolish wow 63 Unit 8 You Are What you Eat ws “ severe svveens TD Unit 9 Every Man to his Taste. 81 Unit 10 Spread the News .. 90 Upstream intermediate - Workbook & Grammar in Use Glossary ... a 7 © Index to the Vocabulary 104 D. Grammar ReferenceKey to Phonetic Symbols - Wykaz symboli fonetycznych Vowels - Samogtoski 1. t asinbee fei 14.0 asinaway Jewel 201 asinkit eth 15. a asin forget Fefget! 3. e asinmen ‘tment 16 @ asincage Ikaids) 4 @ asinat ike! 17. 00 2s in comb feoom! 5. a asincalm karl 18 a asin hive Mhasvi 6 af asin farm at) 49. aot asin fire east! 7. 9 asindot Idol! 20. a asincow Tees! 8 3 asiniaw fal 21. ave! as in power fpanel 9. of asinmore wnat 22.4 asincoin ‘kant 40.0 asin put Ppt 23. wf asinhere Prt 11. u asin too feu 24, eat asin bear foeatt 12.4 asincup Ikapl 25. ost asin cure Ikjvatt 43. 3? asintum asiny 26.i asin happy ‘Mewpit 27. u asin factual Frzekt|ual! Consonants — Spdigioski 1. p— asin pat Ipet! 15. { asinshow Moo! 2b asinbat Jeet! 16.3 asincollsion ‘alison 3 t — asintime faim! 17h asinhelp Ioalpy 4d asindo dul 18m asin men iment 5. k asin come Jka 19.1 asinnew Injul 6g asingame Igeamnd 20. *n asin button fotend 7. { asin choose Huzl 21.) asinking fea! & ds asin July Adsolay 2.1 asinlaw fal 9. f asin four Host 23.4 asinhandle ‘Maendsy 10. vasinvery Neil 246 asinrat bret! 11.8 thick 18K 25. | asinyellow feloo! 12.8 ‘them Peer! 26. w —asinwill ‘al! 13.5 asinsee Ay 27. hw as in why Prova! 14.2 asinzip fap + Podkreslona jest samogloska w sylabie, na kt6ra pada akcent, np, navigate /naewgeit/ + Jesli padkreslone sq die sylaby, akcent na pienwszej z nich jest poboczny (elabszy), np. navigation /naeugelfor Abbreviations — Wykaz skrotow abbrev = abbreviation (shot) phrv = phrasal verb (ezasownik ztozony) adj = = adjective {przymictnik) prep = proposition —_(przyimek) Sx = nnn epi fon eran cael oe Seems Hates pony) pp = past participle (imiestow — forma det determiner (okreginik) czasownika uzywana exp expression, _ (wyrazenie, zwrot) w czasach Perfect oraz n noun ((zeczowik) wetronie bieme)) ‘opp = opposite —_(wyraz o przeciwnym oe cakes eee znaczeniu) pl = plural (liczba mnoga) See ecm eae phr = phrase (fraza, utarte polaczenie * U = uncountable _(hiepoliczainy) wyrazow) vo = vetb (czasowmi)r - My Home is my Castle Leadhin (st. 6) a 12 14 16 1.40 112 113 storey star (n) = floor (of building) / petro 2g. A bungalow has only one storey. fibreglass abo glas!(n) = plastic strengthened with strands of glass / wlckno szldane 29. Flbreglass canbe used to make decorative obfects thatched /BaifY (adi) = made of straw or reeds (of Foo kryiy stoma 2g, Youcan stil ind houses with thatched rofs in rural areas. chimney Abr (9) = pipe on roof of building through hich smoke escapes / min ‘eg, Smoke was coming out ofthe chimney. pitched pp (ad) = sloping (roof / (0 dachu) dmuspadowy 9, The house hada pitched oof forthe an and snow to fallof baked day krty dachowca eg. could see the ected oof othe house in the distance stilts sits! (n pl) = ong, upright pieces of wood or metal that houses may be but on / ple eg Insometropicacountres people build houses on sts impractical mpraktk®y (ad) = unsuitable for the situation in which sth is used /riepraktycery €9.Coolose-fting clothes are impractical ina cold imate. Opp: practical spacious pales! (ad) = lage in size or area preestronry 9, The house has a spacious ving room and four bedrooms. Opp. cramped cramped hreempt (ad) = not big enough for peoplethings /ciasny «9, We ha to move toa bigger house when the baby was born, asurlat wes oo cramped, airy len (ad) = ight-with ots of fieshair/ przestronry i widny, przawiewny eg. Thelage windows ond light-coloured wolls made the 100m seem pleasant and ry. terraced frst (a) = (f houses) joined together by side wals/w zabudowe szeregows} 9. istradtona in cy centres for most houses tobe terroced. ‘Opp: detached, semi-detached ‘hut hal’ (n) = small house made of wood, grass, mud ‘or stones /szalas £4, Grandpa promised to show me how to build hut hen ego tothe county! feature ite? (n)= interesting or important characteristic cecha, wlascivosé 2g. The swimming pools a special feature of his detached rouse. Reading (air. 6-7) 15 118 123 1.24 125 ‘out of the ordinary (phy) = unusual /riezwyky, niepreecietny To have a houseon the moon would centiny be out of theordinary. ‘Opp. ordinary from scratch (dr) = from the very beginning, without making use of anything that has been done before / od zera 9, Hoving lostallhis nots, he had to start the projec agein from scratch. ‘brand-new forend ni’ (ad) = completely new / Zupatnie nowy, nowt .g.Sam hasa beautiful brand new spots cat Opp. old ep kip (n) = the main tower of a caste where people used to live sioip (contralna wieda W redniowiecenym zarku lub grodzie) ‘eg. The Baron de Vere ans fami ivedn the keep. moat /moai!(n) = a deep, wide channel dug round a castle and filed with water, to protect from an attack fos The deep moat made an escape rom the caste impossible drawbridge rarity (n) =a bridge that can be pulled up / most zwodzony 6g, As Soon asthe enemy knights approached the caste, the deabidge was lite. harsh al (ac) = severe, difficult to ive in / surowy e.g fven tod. many people ive in harsh conditions and total poverty Det harshnes(r), harshly (ad) Opp. mild convert honvafl() = change in order to use for a different purpose / preerobie 9 The atichas been converted into tua cosy kone! (ed) = comfortable and warm / przytulry eg. Wewere invited intoacosy litle kitchen. Det: cosily (ad, cosines (n) draught rat (0) = a cutent of air/ przecigg eg. Adraught came in hrough the gop under the dor Der draughty (ad) surroundings /seranndinz (np = the envionment ‘or conditions around a person or thing / otoczerie, okotcaUNIT 1.26 127 1.28 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 137 9. The peaceful country surroundings mage the cottage desirable pace ove. ‘uel bil (phy) = the money you pay for heating /oniata, za ogrzewanie eg, Proper insulation can save you money on your fel Bil appeel (to sb) Jap’ (4) = when sth appeals to you, you find it attractive or interesting / pociage ( date back fdat bats (phe v) = start or be made at a particular time / pochodz, byt datowanyn eg. Although most of the building is of more modern construction the tower dates back othe twelth centuy. 4 stained oles (hr) = pices of alas of ciferent ‘colours fixe together to make decorative windows or other objects / wired, kno wivazowe £29, The Sainte Chopeln Pers snoted forts beovtiful stained glass windows, 2 roar af (yn) = make avery loud nose / tu: (0 rit) buzowaé, huk (odglos wydawany przez buzuigcy ove) eg. Aswelve on aman road, wecan hear the tlc rar pastatalfhours ofthe day and igh ‘raring fre ph) = a fire with large flames / buzviacy ogiet 29, They satin front of the roaring la fre. dine dary (= eat (formal / je (obiac) 9. They dined tthe most expensive restaurant in tw Der dinner én), diner in, dining (ac) + award-winning waa vanny (ed) = having won pres in competitions / nagrodzony £29, This award-winning fi received eight Oscars. © archery aft (n) = sport of shooting at a target with a bow and arrow /uczritwo 4, obin Hood was inown tobe extremely good ot archery. 2 be situated suse () = be located or placed / byé polatonym, usyfuawanym ‘eg. The cottage is situated on the edge ofa wood. scenic sin (2d) = with Beautul, picturesque scenery / malowniczy, wdokowy eg, Wellbeing he scene route on ou coach tour 50 hhave your comers atthe recy. * amazing femesziny (adj) = very surprising, making you feel pleasure, approval or wonder / nex, vnjathony, zdumiowajgoy 9, Thatwes an amazing hold the best ve had fac Der: amazingly (ay) ‘waterfront atta (0) = street or piece of land next to water e9,hatbour/nabresze ‘29, When on holy, ike standing onthe watetont to wetch the sue 2 25UNIT 3 3.39 «unspoiled inspota (26) = (of place) beautiful because it has nat been changed or uit on in te recent past / nienaruszony, dziewiczy £¢9.Thevilageis si os picturesque and unspoiled ost was thirty yearsago. ‘Opp. spoiled 3.40. fascinating Maponetny (ed) = very interesting and attractive /fascynujacy ‘2g found the book fascinating and couknt putt down. 3.41 Cexperience skspuians (i) = be ina particular situation ‘or have sth happen to you! doswiadezyé, presayé oscbidcie £29 Experience the tll of an adventure holiday today. 3.42» fan Aza (n) = admirer J fan, kibic €2g-He isan enthusiastic fan of Westchester United and attends their games. 3.43. open to the public (ph) = open for people to vst / ctwaty la zwiedzalgeych 169 Thenew museum of flkartis now open tothe publi 3.44 * moor fas (n) = area of open and usually igh land ‘with poor soil, covered with grass and heather / wrzasowisko £29. Nothing except grass growson these moors 3.45.» wander Mvonds (y) = walk slowly and without particular cretion / szweda sie, walgsat sig £69 think were lost Weve been wandering for hours but there’ st no sign of the vilage 3.46. € self-contained ‘sat Kontand! (ac) = with all own facilities such as ktchen and bathroom / w pei wyposazony, samodzieny,riezalezny ‘eg. We stayin ase contained bungalow when we areon holiday because we lke cooking our ow meas. 3.476 restore star (y) = cause sth or sb to bein itstheir previous condition / dnowié, orestauromat €9, The palace hasbeen restored to ts former splendour Der: restoration (n) estorer(n) 348 # modern conveniences (phi) = hot and cold running water, we bath, telephone etc all mod cons’ sometimes used as abbreviation) / wszekie wyody dobrociziejstwa cywiizaci £9, There houses have been bil othe highest standard, with all modern conveniences. 3.49. § aspiring espa (ac) = tying to become successful ina particular field / ristry «9, Shiley san aspiring young acess who would do anything to succeed. 3.50 + alike flak! (ad) = both, equally w eounym stopniu €¢g.Chlten and adits alike wil enjoy the fl. 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 3.58 359 3.60 361 3.62 ‘Vocabulary Practice (str. 40-41) weather forecast (hy) = statement saying what the weather wil be lice during the next day or the next few days prognoza pogody Take an umbrella with you cs the weather forecast at itwould rain ateron changeable /tlandseb*l (adi) = likely to change many times /zmienny 9, Theweatherin Ban's changeable Orem vet the next minute es sunny boiling hot (hr) = exemely hot unary, skwarny eg. ttwosthe height ofthesummerand the weather was boing hot. freezing cold (phy) = extremely cold / przeradiwie ron, lodowato eg. twas afezing cold inter rucksack aks (n) = bag with saps that oo over ‘your shoulders, so that you can cary things on your back plecak 9. Te hikers were waking along, caning rucksacks ‘goggles /g00%tz (np) = large glasses that fit closely to ‘your face around your eyes to protec them fom wate, ete! goal, oktary pyrackie «..Hetook his goggles nd fore and ent down tothe insect repellent (ph) = ceem or spray that keeps insects away! krom odstraszeiacy owady A there were mosquite around he put on some insect. repellent. ‘money belt (phy) = belt with secure pockets for keeping ‘money in pas na pieniadize E Having alot fash on him Grahame wore amoney bet onthe ah. guidebook gadbu (7) = book that gives tourists information about a town, area or county J przewodnik (ksigzke) €9, We consulted ou guidebook forthe museum opening times. first aid kit (phr) = box of essential medical supplies, 9. aspirin, bandages, sticking plasters / apteczka perwsze) pomocy eg. Ifyou are going hiking, don't forget your first aid kit. ‘credit card (cht) = plastic card that is used to buy goods on credit / karta kredytowa 9, Doyou oly acct ash orcan pay by creditcard? sunscreen sanckri’ (9) = cream to protect your skin ‘from the sun's rays, especially in hot weather / krem co cpaleria eg. You must always wear sunscreen when you go to the beach |lantop computer (ph) = sal potable computer / laptop £29, He ookhislaptapcomputerto work on doing thejoumey Binoculars naka" (n pl = two small telescopes joined together sie by side tht you look through to ee things that are faraway flornetka £9, Hetookhis binoculars nd looked atthe ships onthe horizon health spa (hr) = kind of hotel where people goto do exercie and have special teatments to improve their heath Furor «5. Baden Soden used tohave fashionable heath sp. rugged sag! (ad) = (of place) uneven, covered with rocks and with ite vegetation / (0 krsjobraze)surowy 9. The moors havea wil rugged beauty ofthe oun. stopover istpoave? (n) = short stayin a place in betwean pars of a journey / thi pobyt €9.The fight to Lisbon will makea stopover in Rome. ‘cruise hnz (n) = holiday during which you travel on 2 ship or boat and visit various places /rjs Actus round the slands would be wonder. pastime eastany (n)= hobby, interest / hobby, Zainteresowanie, kon «Stomp collecting & ane ofhisfvourte pastimes, secluded fstauaa (ad) = (of place) quiet and private / ustronny, odosabriony £9. Thehowsenassetina secluded spot with nothing but trees round Der: seclusion (a) ppalm-fringed sam trndse (ad) = with palm trees ound it/z paimami porastajgcyrl obreeta 29. twas an ext palm fringed island wth white ond ond turquoise seas elegant feigony (ad) = smart, plessing and graceful in appearance elegant £4, An elegant coupein evening cress go out ofthe limousine, Der: elegance in) Opp: nelegant hhot spot (ph) = exciting place with alot of activity or entertainment oka czrywkowy £9. "Bugerworaisofeshinable hotspot fr teenagers. _2pprecate fpr (1) = be afatefl for / doceniag £9, We appreciated the personal care and attention given to usatour hotel Der: appreciation (appreciative (a) lamorous ikemeros (ad) = more attractive, interesting and exciting than ordinary peoale or things / efektowny, wytwomny £9. The glamorous Holjwcod hn star eppeored,wropped Indlemonds and uc 376 B77 378 379 3.80 381 382 3.83 384 3.85 3.86 387 3.88 upscale inpskal (ac) = high clas, luxurious / ekskluzyuny £9. He was used to staying in upscale hotel, Cobbled habla (2d) = (of street) with surface made Up of small smooth round stones /brukowany eg. That cobbled street leads to the old church, gourmet ‘quam (ad) = (of food) nicer, more unusual and sophisticated than ordinary food, and mote expensive / wykviniry, 9. When! got my fst sala took my parents out for ‘.gourme daner snow-capped /snoo-kapd (ad) = (of mountains) with snow on top /(o szczytach gérskich) osniezony 2g. Inthe distance we could see the snow-capped Ais. ‘hostel most®V (n) = large house where people can stay cheaply /schronisko 2g. We stayed at «hostel as we couldnt afford hotel ‘caravan iazrovaen (n) = vehicle where you can spend Your holidays / przyezepa kemeingowa 29. A caravan is much more convenient thon a tent. cruise liner (Ph) = large ship on which people travel and: vst alot of places / statek wyeleczkowy eg, The cris liner looked tke o huge, floating hotel overcharge /ouva"if"ty () = take too much money for goods or senices / policzyé (komug) za duzo 2g, Thewoter overcharged us, 50 we wont goto that restaurant again, Opp.: undercharge fat battery (ph) = battery that has lost some or all of its electrical charge / wyezerpana bateria 2g: 1lft my headlights on allnight thats why hod a flat beatery nthe moening, fiat tyre (phe) = tye that doesn’t have enough air in it/ (0 oponie) flak, kapec 9, We couldn leave, unt we puryped up the at tyre. insurance njoarons! (a) = arrangement in which you pay money to a company so that they will pay money 10 you ifsth unpleasant happens to you / Ubezpicozenia 9. Make sure that you have adequate travel insurance. embassy Jembesi (n) = group of government officials headed by an ambassador viho represent their ‘government in a foreign country; building where these People are based / ambasada .29.The embassy was alarge imposing neoclassical buléng, ‘consulate konssoiat/(n) = place where a consul (official sent by hisrer government to look after histher countrymen in a foreign country) lives and works / konsulat For possportand visa enques contact your consulate. 27UNIT 3 3.89 emergency ama'@s%nst (n) = unexpected and difficult cr dangerous situation (e.9. accident) which happens suddenly and requires quick action /nagly wypadek eg. Asitwasan emergency, theyrang for an ambulance. 3.90 destination ‘destrefPn’(n) = place to which sb is ‘going or being sent / cel pockéty 9. The sland has become overcrowded because its «a popularholiday destination 3.91 belongings atonma/ (np) = the things that you own {especially those that are small enough to be carried) / reeczy oscbiste .9,.Be careful token ll your belongings with you when traveling. 3.92 pickpocket akookt (n) » sb who steals things fom people's pockets or bags in public places / ieszonkowiec £9, Watch cut for pickpockets in and around he tation. 3.93 mugger imaad'r{n) = sb who attacks people violently in the street in order to steal money from them / Ulcany bancyta, zbir eg. No sooner had he left the bank thon he was set upon by muggers who tried to rob him 3.94 lantern fasten (n) = amp in 2 metal frame with ‘lass sides and a handle on top soit can be carried / lampion, lataria eg Thecorolsingers were conyig lighted lanterns 3.95 dyerfled ia fH (a) = with dye (paint) inside / \wypetniony farba 2g. Dyeiled weter bobs are thrown evenwiere to make ‘colourful mess during the Hol Festvlin indi. 3.96 fireworks Maorwaks! (n pl) = small objects containing chemicals and gunpowder which burn brightly and may produce loud noise when It, wed during festivals / fajerwerad «2g, On th Noverber every year in itn people set off fireworks 3.97 parade iparad!(n) =a group of people or vehicles ‘moving through a public place in order to celebrate an important day or event / parada, pochéd gh wasapity that trained during te carnival parade. ‘Grammar in use (st. 42-45) ‘398 outer space (Ph) = the area outside the earth’ atmosphere where the planets and stars are / przestrzet kosmiczna eg. Hou ong wilt be before we travel toute space? 3.99 science-fiction ‘sais fiklen (ac) = stories that take place in the future oF in other parts of the universe / (2 gatunku) eciencs fiction fantastykd navicowe)) 2g, HG Welsand Jules Verne wer erly scienceicton writers, 28 3.100 3.101 3.102 3.103 3.104 3.105 3.106 3.107 3.108 3.108 3.10 3a 3.112 31a decode ftehet(n)= period of ten years cokes (Giesigg lat) eg Tere ere great technological advances during the as decade ofthe weet century. obit tv (n) = curved path in space folowed by an abject, maon or star going ound a planet /exbite 9, The moon sn orbit around the earth race as! (f) = competition to see who isthe fastest wig 29, Who won the carrace? reusable hinu2ab°V (a) wielokrotnego uty 9, Reusable cantaiers have become very popular as they areenvronmentaly-tendy freight frat (n) = goods transported by a omy train shin or aeroplane /ladunek 9, Tis tran cares both feght ond passengers. quest /gcl (2) = sb who is visting or has been invited; sb who is staying at a hotel / goss 9, Guests vermin that they ar expected to vacate {heir rooms by 10am timate /amot (ed) = the best or most extreme example ofits kind /najwighszy, szezytony,jecyry weewoim rodzaju 9, Forthe ultimate hil ya parachute jump. float Maat () = lie on o just below the surface of a liquid / unosié sig dryowae 9, Geny was nth po0 eating on a waterbed. overtime fawveltamy (1) = time spent st work in zation to normal hours / nadgodalny 29, Welt have work overtime to ish this projec. hire Maa (W) = rent fora shart time /wynaigé 9, Welthaveto hie hal forthe wedang reception, University degree (phy = certificate or diploma thats receives on completing a university couse /dyplom | S58 Ukoriczenia studio ‘ 9 She hes numerous university degrees allof whichare = 92S = sth that can be used again am famed and hanging on her study walls. peak fet (n) =a mountain or top of a mountain # = szczyt gorsk 3105 = 9 There ahead ofus we saw the snow-capped peokof Mount Everest. — rainforest irenfonst (7) = thick forest of tall trees in ‘tropical areas with @ lot of rain /lastropkiny 3S 9 The continual destrcton of the ators s endangering the eats ecosyster. ‘wonder wanda (n) = sth that causes people to Fel nf surprise and admiration / cud 3 2g. Tis building could be considered one ofthe wonders of 3 123 the modern world,‘tip Ang! (n) = a Short journey (kta) wycioczka 9, Mr Jones is away on a business trip at present. lifetime tata’ (n) = the length of time that sb alive (cae) 2ycie £29.That holiday would be he tip of ifetime bargain bat’ (n) = sth bought at a special, low price xazyny zakup g,At £10, the ether shoes were a bargain, aspect “spe (n) = part ofthe character or nature of sth /aspekt 2g, Which aspect of the couse interests yourost? enthusiastic moizisti (ad) = keen or wiling/ entuzjastycany 4, Tey were very enthusiastic about starting the projec Der: enthusiastically (acy) Opp. unenthusiastic familiar omit (a) = recognised or knowin wil by Us /2aznajomiony, znejomy, dobree znany 24, Herevted al thefalar places in is hometovn Der: familia ac, familia 7), famiiarse() pp: unfamiliar nothing short of (oh) = phrase used to express how great or extreme sth is /naprawid, isco (wyrazenie utywane dla podkreslenia dane cecty) 9, Te view fom this points nothing short oF amazing. ‘rack Mek! (0) = narrow road or path / waska oga, Sciezka Adin wack noundits woy between the ilages. steep sti (ad) = (o slope sing ata very sharp angle and cficut to go up /stomy €4.He climbed only up the step hil ‘ower aos (v) = sth that towers over other things is 2 lt taller than they are /gorowae 9 Thehighise ats tower over the other buildings ‘outline Jaan’ (n = general shape of sth 2a 9. Te outie ofthe sland coud be seen nthe dstonce. site fea (n} = place where buildings stand or stood or where sth happened /mieises, tren in 29 This isthe ste where the Baile used to tond, 226 loom Amy (x)= appear asa shadowy form, arge and of possibly threatening /wicriog, wylani sig 9. Thestone wails ofthe ancient cost lomed over the in com 3127 mist Amst (0) = thin fog / mgietca 4. Mist covered the mountain 9p. limps ‘ahs! (n) = brief and not very good lock / rut oka 9, We cough agtinpse ofthe Quen as she sped by. ruins ian! (n l= parts ofa bling tha main after the rest of thas been destroyed or fallen down /ruiny 4, Thenuins of theancent cy can stile sean of [Brat in az 3123 that st ore 3925 2128 0 feel wersof 3329 UNIT3 3.130 ridge ind (r) = long narrow piece of raised land or 2 raised ne ona ft surface crbiot Grek, ora eg. Therock climber blonced on ardge ofthe cf astonishing festann ac) = very surprising, amazing / _zdumiewalacy 9. Mortns memonyis tu astonishing. scenery ‘nord (n= land, water or plants that sb can see around them /rejobraz 2g Thesceneryn ths part ofthe counayis magnificent. due Alu (9) = sth that helps you find the answer to a mptety o problem /wskazdwice, posziaka 29, Agatha Chistes derctiv character Hercule Port was excelentat following up clus. ‘tour nos! (r) = orgarised trip or journey / {zorgarizowane) wycisczka 4. We ent on tour ofthe museums and gles. volunteer ‘lent (1) = offer todo sth without being obliged to /robic cos ochotnicza £9, Several people volunteredt give blood forthe earthavaie victims. Der: voluntary ad), voluntary ad) inflate anit (V)= blow up /(na}eruchag, (rajoompowee 4, They inflated the balloons forthe pot, Der. inflation (a) Opp: defiate fiesta esta! (n)= time of pubic entertainment and partis, usualy on specal gious holidays, especialy in Spain of Latin America esta (olves hucenych aban, odaywegych sie zuykle 2 okaz pouch ‘iat reiginych w Hiszpani i Ameryos backs) 2g. The ound of guitars and costanes coud be heard nthe distance curing the esta ‘craft rat (n) = activty that invohes making things skilfully with the hands / remit «9. Thecollege offers courses in cats such os woodwork, pottery and jewellery mating Idioms and Fixed Phrases (str. 45) 3139 3131 3.132 3138 3.134 3.135 3.136 3.137 3138 live out of a suitcase (idm) = be constantly traveling / 2y6 na walzkach ‘2g. The only problem with being a traveling salesman i that youve out ofa suitcase drop sb a line (idm) = write to sb /napisaé do kogos 9. Dontforget to drop meatine occosionall when you go tocollege ut my feet up (idm) = have a ret /odpoczaé (@nogami na podnézky) ‘2g, Clara had been so busy all day that she was glad of Przoksztaé podano zdania uzywajge stowa rapisanego tlustym drukem oraz odjednego do ezterech innych stow tak, _22y wyrazié to samo znaczenie. Nie zmionia| podenego Going round the world would cost alot of money, 2. treasure ths rng! t waste ast it my father gave me before he ded ‘tundra Aandra?(n) = the large, lat area of land in Norther Europe, Asia and America wich is frozen and has no tees /tundra 9, Alaska spar ofthe tundra. UNIT 4 ‘treeless files (ad) = having no trees /bezcrzeury 9. The tundha isa treeless are. istnct astm (a) = clear, diferent from sth else / wyragny, odmienny eg, Even tins have distinc diferences between them, Der: distinctive (ac) permanent ipafmanant! (ad) = lasting forever /staly €eg.!help you now, but you mus find a permanent olution ‘oyour problem. frozen trouz®rl (ad) = very hard and full of ico because its very cold /zamarznily, zamvozony eg. Te lake was frozen because ofthe cold weather layer feo? (n) = a thin, flat piece of sth that covers a surface / powioka, warstwa 2g, There was atic ayer of dust on the furniture permafrost fps"metrost (n) = land permanently frozen / wiecena zmarzina 9, Alaska has alot of permafrost. vary /eaty (y) = (of things) be different from other things in siz, amount, colour or degree /rdénié sig eg. Eagles and has vary slighily in sz, Der: variation (7), variety (n), various (ad) Inuit iia (ad) = orginally coming from Northern Canada or Greenland / eskimoski 2g. Inuit people ven Greenland. reindeer ‘me (n) = 2 deer with large horns that lives in northern areas of Europe, Asia and America J renter 2g. Santa Clas sald to have eight reindeer fr hs sigh fragile eedsatl (ed) = easly broken or damaged / euch, watly eg. lease be careful with that ase its very fragile! Der: frailty (n) safeguard ‘eafgatal (v) = protect sth from harm, damage or bad treatment /otaczaé achrong eg. tna murder investigation, the police usually safeguerd ey witnesses, delicate /debkot/ (ad) = easily damaged and in need of careful treatment / coltcatny 4. People are sometimes fais to hold babies because they aresodelicate. Der: delicately fad) ‘vote Nout (v) = make an official choice for a poitcian (a politcal party in elections /glosowae 12g. Americans vote forthe Present oftheir country every four years. Der: vote (n) OW Isou/(v) = plant seeds (Note: sow the seeds of sth: cause sth to stan) folate ‘eg, Deforestation has sown the seeds of climate change. 37UNIT 4 4.99 seed fi (n) = smal hard part fom which new plant grows /nasiono 29, mgoing tpn ower seeds my garden. 4.100 mahogany /mahogeni’ (n) = dark reddish brown wood used fo make furniture Jahon eg. Furniture made from mahogany is very expensive, 4.101 timber tbe (n) = the wood used for busing houses and mating furniture drewno 24, Alotof timbers odin bling houses. 4.102 preserve ipnza) = do sth in order o save or protect enialo plant if rom danger evan, ovalaé 2.9. Weacedtofind nw weystopreserecrialandplon fe Der.: preservation (n} Idioms and Fixed Phrases (str. 59) 4103 take my hat off to sb (idm = admire sb for sh heshe has done /chyiéprzed kim glowe 9, Your projec ws very impressive take my hat off to ‘yu! oval 4.104 on the go (oh) = always being busy and active / stale zalely, w biegu eg. ty fend has thee jobs, 50 hes choy onthe go. 4.105 od stil (hr) = not move /nieruszaé sig, ustac wmigjsou 9, Sclifeul for my son o hold stil whe ake hi tothe dents. 4.106 have a heart of gol (kim) = be very good and kind to others / mise serce ze 2ota 29 Jem has a hear of gold, he avays eps ober. 4.107 have a goat sb (pi) = cise someone unfay riestuszrie kogos kytykowag 9, Shehadagoat meeven though hadnt edtoheranyay 4.108 lose heart (idm) = become sag, depressed and no longer interested in sth traci seree (do czeg08) 29, Ate she fled herexams forthe secon time, she stared toloseheor. 4.108 take sb for granted (phy) = use sb's help without showing them that you are grateful for it/ uwazaé 2a cczywista czyias pomon,prace ip £29, Sheisnota gaat fiend, She away takes you for granted. 4.10 keep one’s head (id = be calm in a cifcut situation /zachowaé zimng keew 2g know you have alot ofproblems right now but yt ‘keep your ead. Doo pani 4.111 have butterflies in one’s stomach (dm, inform) = be very enous or excited about sth / mies treme, denerwowat sig 9. Fm going for an interview fer anejob and have got butters in my stomach 4st 4.13 44 ans ans 4an7 ans ang 4120 421 4122 4.123 Listening and Speaking Skils (st. 60-61) kill two birds with one stone (idrn} = manageto | $124 achieve two aims by doing one thing / upiec civie ppieczenie na jednym ogni ‘2g. killed two birds with one stone, this marnings 200% en ° 4 @ of ‘mney outof the bark and pad my ils bac : take the bull by the homs (idm) = do sth you feel you have to-do even though it's cfu /wzigsbyka za regi 29 Take the bul bythe horns antl har how you eal about har exocosile tears (den) = when s doesn't show real sadness, tears that are not sincere /krokodyle zy 9. 1know you dont care; those arene tears, theyre on) crocodile ters! the lon’ share (dm) = the biggest part of sth / via cage £9, Weall worked on this project the got theo’ share ofthe poft! warning twat! (n)= sth sid or writen teling peopl ofa posible danger or problem /osizezenie 9, Didyouhear the warning about the possible earthquake! fit rt (W) = put sth somewhere /umiedci, zamontowaé 2g. Weare going tofit anew lock on our doo filter it! (n) = a device through which sth is passed fr 9, Do frge to puta tern your catetiéepor when you snake cate. fine any (s) = make someone pay an amount of money as punishment /ukareé graywna, mandatern 9. They should fine people who crop tern the tee. activist fkeust (n) = a person who works for an ‘organisation and tries to make political or social changes / akiywista 9. Greenpece activist are always fighting against cruelty ‘animal, habitat mastatat (n) = the natural environment where an animal lives /naturane Srodowisko, sleisko 29 Deforestation has destroyed the natural habitats of ‘many anima, Det: habitation (n) ‘quotation mvootalPr (¥) = a sentence or passage {rom a book, poem or pay repeated by sb ee /cytat 9.He likes repeting quotation from Shakespeare ban ar (v) = offically say that sth must not be done, sown or used /zabronié,zokazas 9, The headtecche decided to ban the us ofmoble hones at scoot,UNIT 4 energy use (oh) = the use of eneray / zuzycle ener 2g, Weshould Seam to reduce energy use «ar pool (phy) = when people take turns driving each ‘other or each other's children to work ar school / \waajemne podwazenie sie samochadem do pracy, ‘odwazenie na zmiang dzieci do szkoly itp. 2g, | decided io stare a car poo! in order to save mone. landfil zat (n) =a large deep hole where large ‘amounts of rubbish are put / wielki dé na émiecs, ‘odpady it. 9. ing cose roa land can couse heath problems. 6 10 She is not @ good person! She uses everything and ‘everyone to get what she wants! of She is not a good perso 1! To get what she wents, she will everything and everyone Frm so nervous about this exam! butterflies Ihave about this exam! | know | shouldn't, but every time I watch sad fms 1 cry for hours! help ' : for hours every time | watch sad fils For some unknown reason, he just started screaming at me I was very surprised. 90 | was very surprised! He just ime for no reason at all ‘You did a very good job on this project; | am very impressed! hat Urscean - a 10 you for the very good job you {id on this project. mahogany ~ ballad ~ rhythm ~ rhyme cundra ~ permafrost ~ daisy ~ treeless conserve ~ treasure ~ safeguard - deceive > Isthat lette for me Susan? a Let me see.. Yes, its addressed to you, mum, 'b Yes The post office is round the corner. Does anyone have any objections to ths idea? ‘a Yes, a5 a matter of fact ~ 1 do! bb Oh! How exciting this must be for you! ‘What's the largest mammal in the world? ‘2 Have you thought about buying a smaller one? Well. erm... the whale | suppose, a> erirzqo na zdjgcia, omowcie w parach nastepujace kwestic: ‘Which of these enuronmental prablams are you mostly ‘worried about? Why? ‘Ace there any solutions to these problems? ‘Who can offer these solutions? Gan you think of something that youlyour dassmstes! ‘Wiendsfamily can do to protect the environment? AS far os tm concerned, the biggest problem of our planet is ar polliton ‘couldn't agree more. Actual | think a solotion must be found bereits too late. Early to Bed ... sleep patter (phr) =the routine of seeping / pory daily routine (ph) = a seies of things done every day 9 his sleep pattem wos interypted when he began ‘without change or alteration / ustalony porzadek dia working night shifts 29.Although she was on holiday she sill kept to her sce lifestyle Aastal (n) = living conditions, behaviour and dally routine, habits of sb / sty, yb 2ycia ‘clumsy tuxmzi (ad) = moving or handling things in 29. Computers have had an enormous effet on peoples 2 careless, awkward way /niezcarny Iikesyles. 2 4800 vse beso, the cams tke enda Ge F Der. clumsiness (n), umsily (adv) 5.7 nine-to-fiver ian to fave? (n) = someone who works suffer {from sth) sxfor(y) = be affected by an illness / from nine o'dock ta five o'dock / osoba pracuiaca od Cierpieé na, uskardaé sig na dziewite| rano do piatej po poludniu 29, She went tothe doctor because she was suffering from 9. Allthe employees of te company are nine-to-fvers. headaches roceries farcusoriz/(n pl) = foods you buy at the ‘muscular pain (ph) = pain or ache in one’s muscles / ‘grocers or the supermarket / zakupy spadywcze, bl w migéniach artykuly spozyaze 29. Muscular pain can becouse by excess exercise, eg. Te shopping bog ripped and ol the groceries fll tthe ‘ground. 43UNIT'S, 5.9 exack of dawn (phr) =the fist it ofthe day, very cay in the morning / suit 5, Hewoke up ot the eack of dawn to watch the sunrise 5.10 > revolution revert (n) = an important change in an area of human activity /rewolucja ‘eg. The ntemet has brought about a revolution in telecommunications. Der: revolutionary ad) 5.11 round-the-clock (ph) = all day and all night, non-stop / dwudziestoczterogodzinny, calodobowy <9, They worked round the clock to finish the projec. 5.12 brain oan (n) = the organ inside the heed that ‘conti’ the body's activities and enables you to think / mézg 9, The brain isa very complex rgon. Det: brainy (a) 5.13 hypothalamus apoodslemes! (n) = part ofthe brain hich contol the boy’ natural rythm / pochzgérae (cz@8é mézgu) 2g. There asa difclt question on the hypothalamus in ur biology test. 5.14 > physical tak®V (ad) = relating to a person's body / feycany eg. Heisin excellent physical condition because he avercises regulary, 5.15 -> psychological /sakalodyk®v (a) = concerned with ‘2 person's mind and thoughts / psychologicany ‘eg. Mandys problem was psychological ater thon physical Der: psychologically (ad) 5.16 wellbeing Avelbiay (n)» the feling of happiness and health / dobre samopaczucie £2g.A good diet can lend toa feeing of well-being. 5.17 what makes sb tick (phr) = what motivates sb / co, ki powoduie 9, What makes Sharon ticks her wish to become successful 5.18. ~, hormone Mhafmoun’ (n) = a chemical in the body which makes an organ of your body do sth hormon eg, Hormones ae a very important par of one’s physical makeup. et: hormonal (ad) 5.19 alertness /otzinos/ (7) = fll attention to what is going ‘on around you /ezujnosé 1g, ltwashislertness that prevented us frm having @ bad cccdent 5.20 synchronise famkrona! (\) = cause two activities to happen atthe seme time and speed as each other/ ‘synchronizowat £69, Thedancers synchronised teirmoverents othe musi 5.21 conductor kendo (n) = person who directs an oxchesta /cyrygent The conductor tpped his baton assign forthe chest tose 5.22 regulate hegilal () =to contol a process so that it works propery /regulowae eg, Pesspring helps 10 regulate body temperature 5.23 tempo tempos (0) = the speed of motion or activity tempo g,Astheend ofthe concert approached, the tempo of the musicincease. 5.24 instrument fnetremont (0) = a device that is used to do a particular task instument 9,00 you play any music nstruments? Der: instrumental (ad) $5.25 > random hndomi (ad) = not following a definite pattern or plan / przypedkowy «9, They questioned arandom spl of 20 teenage srudenis 5.26 ignore gna"? (v) = pay no attention to sb or sth / ignorowae 2, She ignored hi aévice ard whet she wented. Der: ignorant (ad, ignorance tn) 5.27 —Sdeprive (6b of sth Aan! (v) = take sth awa from someone / pozbawié (kogos czeg05) €9,He deprived me ofthe promotion by choosing somebo: ‘befor the poston Der: deprivation (n) 5.28 run the risk (ph) = do sth knowing that sth unpleasant might happen /ryevkowae fe dont look atthe map, nerun he rik of geting ost. 5.29 anxious lank! (a) = nervous or worried / Zanlopokojony, niespokojry The student were vey anxious about ther exam res Det: anviously (ad), anxiety (n) 5.30 accident-prone (phy) = sb to whom lots of accidents happen / czesto ulegajacy wypadkor 9, He must be accident prone; he knocks everything over 5.31 = heart disease (ph) = an illress related to the heart / ‘choroba serca eg, Heart disease san extremely common illness in west countries fatigue Metta’ (n) = extreme physical or mental ‘redness / wyczerpania 18g. The decor advised her to takea week off work de to fatigue Der: fatigued (a) 532UNITS. > leer ss" (= an open sre inside or outside the body which is painful and may bleed /vrzéc 3, Peaple who are under stess may ge stomach uke. Der: uicerous fed) viral infection (ph) =a disease caused by a virus / infokoja wirusowa 29 Fis avilinfection, outsmart /auismat¥ (jy) = gain an advantage over sb in a clever, sometimes dishonest way /praechy(rayt, wks «23. By crossing the river ie foxoutsmarted the hunting dogs. “alter fata) = change / zmieni, preerobis 9.1had the dess altered tft me. Der alteration (n) ‘immune systern (ph) = organs and processes inthe ody which protect you from illness and infection 7 sysiam adpornosciowy +29, Colds nd infections weaken the immune system. + repair mechanism (ph) = a process which helps the cattection of th / mecheniem naprawczy €g,The body epi mechanism haps o keep tin working order ulate fsakiolat(V) = move within a closed place / bray 295d creuates though the bod canying oxygen er. dreulation(n, circulatory (ad) harmony thafmard (n) = peace, without confit / hharmonia 9. The couple lived in perfect harmony with eachother. Der: harmonious (a), harmonise (v) 5.48 ~> predictable /pnaktab® (ad) = known in advance that sth will happen /preewidywelny 9, lis reaction tothe teachers comments was prelctable-| new exactly what he was going to say Der: predictability (n) Opp.: unpredictable 5.49 motivate moot (v) = cause sb to behave in 2 particular way / motywowas eg. The teacher motivated her stcents to study harder, Der: motivation (n) 5.50 precise onsate (ad) = exact and accurate / ‘Precyzyiny, doktadny 9. That clock shows the precise time. Den: precisely (acy), precision (7) slow-paced lou past (ad) = ata slow speed / woiny, ‘owolnym temple 9. The lifestyle ofthe islanders wos vey slow-paced. Opp: fast-paced determine cis’ (x) = cause sth tobe in a certain way ! decyciowat 0, okreslad .29.A persons successin examsis determined by good preparation, lack of anxiety and, ofcourse luck Vocabulary Practice (str 72-73) 5.53 bloated blovtal (ad) = enlarged, due to liquid or gas {for part of the body) / wzdety «9. After drinking so much water he fl bloated. 5.54 fever five (r) =a higher body temperature than usual /goraczka 9, The smpoms off ae fever and aching bones. Der: feversh ad) aching fay’ (ad) = painful bolgcy, cbolaly +€9. You ‘I fee! better if you put your aching feet inta hot soapy water nausea nazi (n) =a feeling of sickness and vomiting / rales, nudhosl £9 Thesen voyage gave hin afeling ofnausea, Der: nauseous (ad dizziness Kazinow (n) = the feeling of losing one's balance and faling down / zawaty glowry Aer se hed sat down, the dines passed ‘muscle contraction (phr) = painful tightening of the muscles / skurez mieSei 45UNITS 559 5.60 561 562 563 5.64 565 5.66 567 5.68 5.69 5.70 on 29. Doing exercise without warming up can cause paint) ‘muscle contractions ‘wheeze Maiz/(y) = to breathe with cifficuity and make a whistling sound / mieé trucnosci oddychaniem, rzgzié eg, Theefortofcimbing up the five lors made the old man wheeze. yawn jon (0) = to open one's mouth very wide, showing tiredness or boredom /ziewae ‘2g. Members ofthe audience stated yawning afte he had been talking for over an hou runny nose (phe) = when liquic flows from the nose, caused by a cold or an allergy /zakaiarzonyy nos (nos zkt6rego ciekri) 2g, Hisrunny nose showed he had a cold sore eye (phy) = pain or discomfort in the eye/ oboiale 00 eg. Herubbed his sore eyes ‘sneeze ‘nz! (¥) = to suddenly take in air and blow it down your nose in an uncontrolled way / kichat eg. The pepper made him sneeze loudly. spot /opot! (n} = small ed mark on the skin / pryszcz, koosta 2g. He used a special soap to get rd ofthe spats on his face. Der: spotty (ad) Jump amp (n) = a small, hard swelling on the body caused by an illness oF injury 7 wy eg. She went to the doctor becouse she had lumps on her Der: lumpy (ad) asthma /avama! (n)= a lung condition causing breathing difficulties /astma 29. The polluted a made her asthma worse, Der: asthmatic (ad) insomnia fnsornie’(n) = difficulty in sleeping / bezsennosé : £29, People who have insomnia sould void drinking coe. ‘fy Mu (7) = an illness with symptoms ineluding high ‘temperature and runny nose / grypa .e9.John had to stayin bed because he ha the fl. cramp Krcemp! (a) =a sudden strong pain caused by ‘a muscle contracting / nagly skurcz eg, He gotcrompinis eg hile he wes swimming inthepool. ‘acne lsknd (n) = skin condition which causes lots of spots on the face and neck /tradzi« (09. Many teenagers suffer from acne. heat stroke (ph) = an Thess caused by spending too ‘much time inthe sun / dar sloneczny eg. Many people get heat stroke inthe summer 512 573 574 515 5.76 877 578 579 580 581 582 583 saa 585 virus Nevoras/ (0) =a kind of germ that can cause disease /wirus eg, There are various types off virus. bacteria /beektaria! (0) = small organisms, some of ‘which can cause osease / bakterie 2g. Chiorine con help til most bacteria in the home. Der: bacterial (ad) ‘pollen spolan (n) = fine powder produced by flowers / pylek kiatony 2g.Some people ae allergicto pollen. sling fen (n) =a piece of cloth used to support sb's broken arm /temilak 2g. He ad te weara sing unti his broken arm mended. cast hast (9) = cover made of plaster used to ‘protect a broken bone by keeping it sti /gips ‘29, She ad to wear a cost for sx weeks until herleg had gn summectisimportant oct fluids ro prevent dehycration. prescribe stra () = when the doctor recommends what medicines one needs to take for a particular ilnes / preepisaé, a0isa (no eke) 9, Te doctor prescribed some tablet for his hayfever Der. presenption (), prescriptive (ad) throat lozenge (oi) = a sweet you suck onto relieve sore throat /pasiyka do ssania eg, Although tasted tebe the throat lozenge ely made my trot feel better. sprained wrist (ph) = accidental damage to the ‘it oint by twisting of bending / sixgcony radgarstek eg. He was wearing sng becouse of is sprained wi. travel sickness (ph) = a feling of nausea caused by traveling ina vehi / choroba lokorocyina 9, She gets travel sickness whenever she vel by boat. piled muscle (phe = injured muscle caused by straining ft / nadenwany migsion The otter wes token of the team because he had