OREDA Offshore Reliability-Data Handbook 4th Edition Published by: OREDA Participants Prepared by: SINTEF Industrial Management Distributed by: Det Norske Veritas (DNV)OREDA-2002 2 OREDA-2002 Copyright © 2002 by the OREDA® companies! ENI S.p.A/AGIP Exploration & Production BP Exploration Operating Company Ltd ExxonMobil International Ltd. Norsk Hydro ASA Phillips Petroleum Company Norway Statoil ASA Shell Exploration & Production TotalFinaElf All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the copyright holders. Comments or questions to the book can be directed to: SINTEF Industrial Management Safety and Reliability OREDA Project Manager NO-7465 Trondheim NORWAY Phone: +47 73 59 27 56 Telefax: +47 73 59 28 96 email: oreda@sintef.no http: —_http:/Awww-sintef.no/oreda/handbook/ Copies of the book may be ordered from: Det Norske Veritas NO-1322 Hovik NORWAY Phone: +47 67 57 99 00 Telefax: +47 67 57 74 74 e-mail: oreda@dnv.com http: —_http:/Avww.dnv.com/ogpi/oreda_esreda/oreda/oreda.htm ISBN 82-14-02705-5 OREDA® = registered trade mark name of OREDA (Offshore Reliability Data) ' The companies listed below are those being members of OREDA in 2002. @OREDAOREDA-2002 3 OREDA-2002 DISCLAMER Information in this document is intended to permit data utilisation in the interests of evaluating and improving safety and reliability in the oil & gas industries (exploration & production). Publication of said information does not imply verification or endorsement of the information. Neither the publishers nor the originators of data included in this document assume any liability to parties adopting any product, process, or practice based upon the usage of the information ‘The correctness of the data listed in this document is assured only to the limits that the producers of each individual chapter, and their sources, can ensure correctness. A listing, description, or definition of any item in this document is not to be regarded, by implication or otherwise, as in any manner licensing any person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any device or item that may in any way be related thereto This document may not be employed in any manner that might be construed as endorsement or censure of any item listed herein, and should only be used within the scope of the intent stated above. The existence of this document does not imply that there are no other ways to present the offshore reliability data compiled in this book. Furthermore, the viewpoint or technical perspective expressed in this publication is subject to changes brought about by technological developments and comments received from users of the former OREDA Reliability Handbooks (-84, -92, -97) Requests for interpretation may arise regarding the meaning of parts of the handbook as they relate to specific applications. Those requests should be directed to SINTEF Industrial Management at the addresses given. As publications issued by the OREDA project represent a consensus of all participating companies, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the joint agreement of those companies. For this reason, it may in some cases be necessary to consult the OREDA Steering Committee. In these cases it will not be possible to provide an instant response to interpretation requests, except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. @ OREDAOREDA- 2002 4 OREDA-2002 PREFACE The reliability, availability, maintenance and safety (RAMS) of offshore exploration and production (E & P) facilities are of considerable concern to employees, companies and authorities; RAMS analyses ate carried out to provide a basis for decisions in offshore engineering, fabrication arid operations. In ‘order to allow these analyses to be conducted, a source of reliability data is required. The OREDA participating companies have responded to this need by publishing four reliability data handbooks. The previous editions of the OREDA handbook were published in 1984, 1992 and 1997 respectively. The current 2002 edition has not been changed significantly compared to the former -97 edition. However, it should be noted that drivers are no longer included within the boundary of the driven unit but defined as separate entities. As the 2002 edition contains a lot more subsea data than previously, these data are presented in a fashion more adapted to subsea application. The handbook is divided into two parts. Part I describe the OREDA project, different data collection phases and the estimation procedures used to generate the handbook. In Part II the reliability data tables are presentedfor both topside and subsea equipment. In order to interpret and apply the data given in Part II in the most correct manner, it is recommended to read Part | before using data shown in Part I. While each new edition of the handbook is considered to be a step forward, it is realised that the quality and the quantity of the data presented in the handbook may be inadequate for certain applications. The OREDA Steering Committee's intention is therefore to keep the handbook up to date according to the state of technology by publishing new editions. The current handbook covers phase IV and V of OREDA data collection. This represent broadly the time period of 1993 — 00. It may, however, be seen that some data collected may be beyond this time period. Data collected are in general not covering the whole lifetime of equipment, but typically a time windows of 2 — 4 years of operation. Infant mortality failures are as a rule not collected for topside equipment, hence, the data collected are from the normal steady-state operating time period as illustrated in Figure 5, For subsea equipment failures are in general collected on a whole lifetime basis, i.e. including the infant mortality period. The source data for this book are stored in a computer database except for phase I. The database and the associated software are available only to the oil companies participating in the OREDA project. The data presented in this handbook are extracted and compiled from this database and presented as generic data tables. The database does, however, contain additional information -and information on a more detailed level- than what is covered in this handbook. For those who want to exploit this possibility, one of the participating oil companies needs to be contacted. A list with contact names for each participating company can be found in the OREDA Homepage: http://OREDA.com © OREDAOREDA-2002 5 _ OREDA-2002 CONTENTS DISCLAMER.. PREFACE PARTI... INTRODUCTION.. Te OREDA Provecr.. PROJECT PHASES...... PARTICIPANTS ... ORGANISATION Eauipment CATEGORIES COVERED IN THE DIFFERENT PHASES Static equipment. Other topside........ ‘SCOPE OF THE OREDA HANDBOOK Livrrations THE OREDA TOPSIDE DATA STRUCTURE... SYSTEM HIERARCHY... EQuipMeNT BOUNDARIES ... INVENTORY Dara, FAILURE DATA.. THE OREDA SUBSEA DATA STRUCTURE. ‘SYSTEM HIERARCHY... EQuipMeNT BOUNDARIES ... INVENTORY DATA... FAILURE EVENT AND MAINTENANCE DATA... ESTIMATION PROCEDURES... FAILURE RATE... ESTIMATORS AND UNCERTAINTY LIMITS FOR A HoMoceNcous ‘SAMPLE MULT-SAMPLE PROBLEMS... ESTIMATION OF DEMAND PROBABILITIES.. TOPSIDE DATA TABLE FORMATS. DATA TABLE, RELIABILITY DATA..... DATA TABLE, MAINTAINABLE ITEM VERSUS FAILURE Mobe... DATA TABLE, FAILURE DESCRIPTOR VERSUS FAILURE MODE. SUBSEA DATA TABLE FORMATS. DATA TABLE, RELIABILITY DATA. DATA TABLE, COMPONENT VERSUS FAILURE Data TABLE, SUBUNIT VERSUS FAILURE MODE... © OREDAOREDA-2002 6 OREDA-2002 DATA TABLE, EQUIPMENT UNIT VERSUS FAILURE MODE .. DATA TABLE, FAILURE DESCRIPTOR VERSUS FAILURE MODE.... MISCELLANEOUS ESTIMATION PROCEDURES. No FAILURES ARE OBSERVED FOR A SPECIFIC FAILURE MODE WEIGHTING OREDA-02 DATA WITH OTHER DATA SOURCES... DEFINITIONS REFERENCES... PART lI. RELIABILITY DATA PRESENTATION... MACHINERY .. Compressors. Gas Turbines. Pumps... Combustion Engines Turboexpanders. ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT... Electric Generato Electric Motors... MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT. Heat Exchangers .. Vessels... Heaters and Boilers ; CONTROL AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT... Fire and Gas Detectors. Process Sensors . Valves. ‘SuBSEA EQUIPMENT... Common components .. Control systems .. Manifold Flowline. ‘Subsea Isolation system Risers. Wellhead and X-mas tree @OREDAOREDA-2002 7 OREDA-2002 PARTI @ OREDAOREDA-2002 8 OREDA-2002 INTRODUCTION THE OREDA PROJECT ‘The Offshore Reliability Data (OREDA) project was established in 1981 in co-operation with the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. The initial objective of OREDA was to collect reliability data for safety equipment. The current organisation, as a co-operating group of several oil companies, was established in 1983, and at the same time the scope of OREDA was extended to cover reliability data from a wide range of equipment used in oil and gas exploration and production. Offshore topside and subsea equipment are primarily covered, but some onshore E & P equipment is also included, The main objective of the OREDA project is to contribute to an improved safety and cost- effectiveness in design and operation of oil and gas exploration and production facilities; through collection and analysis of maintenance and operational data, establishment of a high quality reliability database, and exchange of reliability, availability, maintenance and safety (RAMS) technology among the participating companies. PROJECT PHASES Phase I (1983 - 1985) The purpose of phase I was to collect and compile data from offshore drilling and production operations. The data were published in the OREDA-84 handbook. An objective of the handbook was to demonstrate the ability of the eight participating oil companies to co-operate on this issue and create a forum for a common co-operative process in this field. Data was collected on a wide area of equipment (large population) but not with as much detailed information as in later phases. Phase II (1987 - 1990) ‘The scope was adjusted to only collect data on production critical equipment, to improve the quality of the data, and to store the data ina PC database format. A tailor-made PC program (called the OREDA software) was developed to aid the collection and analysis of the data. The data were published in the OREDA-92 handbook. This Handbook also contains the data collected in phase I. Phase III (1990 - 1992) The number of equipment categories was increased, and more data on maintenance programs were collected, The data quality was improved by means of the comprehensive “Guidelines for Data Collection” and through quality control. The OREDA software was modified into a more general-purpose data collection tool, and its user interface was improved. The data collected in this phase are contained in the OREDA-97 handbook. Phase TV (1993 - 1996) A new general software was developed for data collection and analysis, plus specific software and procedures for automatic data import and conversion. Data were collected mainly for the © OREDAOREDA-2002 9 OREDA-2002 same equipment as in phase Ill, and the data collection was - to a greater extent - carried out by the companies themselves. Data on planned maintenance are included. Phase V (1997 — 2000) Some new equipment classes were included and more focus was given on collecting subsea data, As a parallel activity, the ISO standard 14 224: “Petroleum and natural gas industries - Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment” was developed and issued in July 1999. A revised version including downstream equipment is currently being developed by ISO TC67 Workgroup 4 with the secretariate at NTS in Oslo. (See: http://www.nts.no/) Phase VI were completed in 2001 and phase VII is planned to last 2002 - 2003. Up-to-date information on the OREDA project is available on the Internet address: http:/www.oreda.com PARTICIPANTS During phase IV and V several changes have been experienced in company participation in OREDA as to new companies joining and leaving OREDA as well as companies being merged/sold. The following summarise the companies that have contributed with data in these phases: Companies Phase lV_| Phase V | Comments ‘AGP. J v BP. v ¥ Chewon v v Merged with Texaco ELF v v Merged with TOTAL Essof on v v (Merged with Mobi) Norsk Hydro y v Philips Petroleum Company Noway y Statoil v qv ‘Saga Petroleum x Sold to Norsk Hydro ‘Shell v v “Texaco v Merged with Chevron TOTAL o Merged with Eif ORGANISATION OREDA is managed by a Steering Committee with one member and one deputy member from each of the participating oil companies. The Steering Committee elects one of its members as chairman and appoints a Project Manager. The Project Manager co-ordinates the activities approved by the Steering Committee, including data quality assurance. Det Norske Veritas served as Project Manager during phases | and II; SINTEF during phases III - V, and act as current project manager in Phase VII. @OREDAOREDA-2002 10 OREDA-2002 EQUIPMENT CATEGORIES COVERED IN THE DIFFERENT PHASES Table | shows the equipment categories that have been included in the four OREDA handbooks (including this one). Most of the equipment derives from offshore installations, but a few equipment units from onshore E&P have also been included. In phase V more emphasis has been placed on collection of subsea data. Table 1 Equipment classes covered by the four OREDA Handbooks Poaecr | Phase] Phaes tl] Phase | Fiasev Snr a ioe Equipment class. edition) (92 edition edition) (2002 edition) ‘System (1983 - (1987-90) | (1990-— (1993 — (1997 — 85) —___22)_ 96) 20) aang | Sata Tae aa ee val al eR] ee ee “ By Set em i * The -92 edition do also contain the data issued in the -84 version. © OREDAOREDA-2002 a OREDA-2002 SCOPE OF THE OREDA HANDBOOK ‘The OREDA handbook presents high quality reliability data for offshore equipment collected during phase IV and V of the OREDA project. The intention of the handbook is to provide both quantitative and qualitative information as a basis for RAMS analyses. For each :opside equipment unit, the following information is presented: ‘© A drawing illustrating the boundary of the equipment unit, ie., a specification of subunits and so-called maintainable items that ate part of the equipment unit. A listing of all failure modes, classified as critical, degraded ot incipient, respectively. The observed number of failures for each failure mode. The aggregated observed time in service for the equipment unit, classified as calendar time, operational time, and number of demands. ‘An estimate of the failure rate for each failure mode with associated uncertainty limits. A repair time estimate, i.e., the number of man-hours required to repair the failure and restore the function. ‘© A repair time estimate, i.e., the elapsed time in number of hours required repairing the failure and restoring the function. This time is the active repair time, ie. the time when actual repair work was being done. Supportive information, e.g., number of items and installations. A cross-tabulation of maintainable item versus failure mode, and of failure descriptor/- cause versus failure mode, For each subsea equipment unit, the following information is presented: ¢ A drawing illustrating the boundary of the equipment unit, i.e., a specification of subunits and components that are part of the equipment unit. A listing of all components. The observed number of failures for each component. The aggregated observed time in service for the equipment unit, classified as calendar time. ‘An estimate of the failure rate for each component with associated uncertainty limits. ‘A repair time estimate, i., the elapsed time in number of hours required repairing the failure and restoring the function. This time is the active repair time, i.e. the time when actual repair work was done. Supportive information, e.g., number of items and installations. ‘A cross-tabulation of component versus failure mode, of subunit versus failure mode, of equipment unit versus failure mode and of failure descriptor/-cause versus failure mode. © OREDAOREDA-2002 — OREDA-2002 LimiTaTIONs Information released from each participating company has been kept confidential by rendering it anonymous. Only generic data are published. The single event information, which is the basis for the estimates, is (in most cases) gathered from two or more installations, and consequently the figures in the handbook reflect a weighted average of the experience. The OREDA project is so far restricted to failure data collected on hardware components and systems; information about human errors is not included. Nevertheless, component failures may have been caused by human errors and, therefore, implicitly, human errors are included in the failure rate estimates. Details and limitations of the methods used are described in the section “ESTIMATION PROCEDURES” on page 23. @OREDAOREDA-2002 13, OREDA- 2002, THE OREDA TOPSIDE DATA STRUCTURE GENERAL In order to collect data and analyse them in a consistent manner, a taxonomy description has been developed in the OREDA project. The following gives a summary of that taxonomy to better understand the platform on which these data have been collected and stored. Note that some of the parameters given in this description are not included in the generic data presented in this handbook, but contained in the source database. MAIN DATA CATEGORIES For each equipment category the database is split into three separate database files: an Inventory part, a Maintenance part, and a Failure part. The Inventory part contains a description of each equipment unit for which data have been collected, e.g., pump. This description contains technical data (e.g., capacity, size) as well as some operating and environmental data (e.g., operating mode, vibrations). The inventory description for each equipment unit is stored in an Inventory record in the database. The Failure part contains the failure events being experienced for an equipment unit (inventory) during the period of surveillance; one record for each failure event. The failure events are always related to one equipment unit (inventory). The Maintenance part contains information about the corrective and the scheduled preventive maintenance program for each equipment unit (e.g., maintenance action, interval, man-hours). Data on corrective maintenance is related to its preceding failure, while data on preventive maintenance is related to the equipment unit. SYSTEM HIERARCHY The various items are classified into equipment categories termed Equipment classes e.g. pumps, compressors, valves etc. Each individual item within a class is termed an Equipment Unit (eg. one pump). Each equipment class is further classified according to its design characteristics and type of service (system). Table 2 gives an example for the two equipment classes Pumps and Fire & Gas detectors. Equipment within an equipment class is subdivided in two lower indenture levels, called subunits and maintainable items (MI). This subdivision is purely hierarchic and has the following interpretation: Level 1 - Equipment Unit: The highest level used in OREDA and typically includes an equipment unit with one main function, e.g. pump, compressor. @OREDAOREDA-2002 14 OREDA-2002 Level 2 — Subunit: An equipment unit is subdivided in several subunits, each with one function required for the equipment unit to perform its main function. Typical subunits are e.g., cooling, lubrication. The subunits may be redundant, ¢.g., two independent start units. Level 3 - Maintainable Item (MI): These are subsets of each subunit and will typically consist of the lowest level units that are due for preventive maintenance. The hierarchy is illustrated in Figure 1. Table 2 System Classi tion (Example) EQUIPMENT CLASS DESIGN CLASS. Description | Code | Description Code Centrifugal Water fire fighting Reciprocating RE | Sea water injection wi Rotary Oil handling OH Gas utilities GU Gas processing cP Fire &Gas | FG | Smoke/combustion | BS —_| Fire detection FD detectors Heat BH Flame BF Hydrocarbon gas AB | Gas detection cD H2S gas AS (Example: PU-RO-OH indicate a rotary pump used in oil handling) © OREDAOREDA-2002 15 OREDA-2002 revel! EQUIPMENT UNIT (9. Pump) Level 2 ‘SUBUNIT 1 Eg. ube ot SUBUNIT ‘System I f [ WANTANABLE TEM Not (E-glube of Sane tems cect) MAINTANABLE TEM No.2 Level 3 MAINTAINABLE WAINTAINABLE ITEM No. N Wh) Figure 1 System Hierarchy Several subunits may be relevant for several equipment categories (e.g., lubrication system, starting system). In these cases the subunits are given the same name and the same set of Mls. This is done in order to standardise the subunits/MIs as much as possible, although some of the MIs in these subunits may not apply for all equipment categories. EQuipMeNT BOUNDARIES To compare failure events from different equipment categories, installations, or sources, it is important to have a common definition of which components or parts that are to be included in an inventory. The boundary defines parts associated with the generic item that are considered to be essential for its function or that are sold by the manufacturer as part of the item. For example, the power transmission (e.g. gear) is included within the boundary for a pump, while the driver (e.g. elmotor) is not. The boundary is normally sufficiently determined by a boundary diagram as illustrated in Figure 2. Further, a tabular description as shown in Table 3 lists those subunits and Mls that are included within the boundary. The boundaries are established to confine the same items as the corresponding tag numbers or sub-tag numbers used by the participating oil companies. The equipment units correspond to the companies’ main tag level, while the subunits correspond to the sub-tag level. When establishing the equipment boundaries, the following principles have been applied: © OREDAOREDA- 2002 16 OREDA-2002 * The connected units are excluded from the equipment unit boundary unless specifically included by the boundary specification. Failures that occur in a connection (e.g. leak) are included unless it is known specifically that it has occurred on the connected item outside the boundary. © When a driver and the driven unit use common subunits (e.g., lubrication), failures of this subunit is as a common rule related to the driven unit. © Failures on drivers (e.g. gas turbine) and driven units (e.g. compressors) are presented for each of those equipment classes separately. When e.g. a failure rate for a combination of driver and driven units is needed (e.g. compressors driven by gas turbines) the combined values from those two equipment classes should be used. * Instrumentation is included only where this equipment has specific control and/or monitoring function for the equipment unit and/or is locally mounted (sensors). Instrumentation of a more general use, such as supervisory system (SCADA) is, as a rule, not included. (@ OREDA.OREDA-2002 17 OREDA-2002 Fuel or El, power EXHAUST Inlet Outlet | i | power ! DRIVER | j i STARTING i ‘TRANS- i anally. (Ome. —)yission PUMP UNIT i sofort) | E | (Gearbox, etc.) i i i ad i ne LUBRICATION misc. 1 fale SYSTEM i MONITORING i Remote Power instr Coolant Boundary Figure 2 Boundary Definition, Pumps INVENTORY DATA For each equipment unit there is an inventory description divided into two parts: 1. One part common to all equipment categories (¢.g., manufacturer, model, function, operating time). 2. One part containing equipment category specific data (e.g., capacity, size, power consumption). @ OREDAOREDA-2002 18 OREDA-2002 Table 3 Subdivision in Maintainable Items, Pumps | Contro! unit | Actuating device + Monitoring unit MAINTAINABLE |* Lubrication ITEMS —|+ Coupingto {+ Radial bearing \oriver + Thrust bearing | Coupling to |- Seals ldriven unit |. Valves + Piping + Cylinder liner + Pistont + Diaphragné FAILURE DATA In OREDA a failure event is defined as a physical failure of equipment. This implies that all events where a work order is issued, and some maintenance action carried out, would be considered as failure in OREDA (see the definitions on page 40). For each failure a description (record) of the failure is given in the database together with the corrective action(s) carried out to restore the item to normal operating condition. The information is partly based on numeric data, partly on codes selected from a predefined menu, and partly on free text. @OREDAOREDA-2002 19 OREDA-2002 THE OREDA SUBSEA DATA STRUCTURE MAIN DATA CATEGORIES The OREDA subsea database consists of three main parts: An Inventory part, a Failure part, and a Maintenance part. The Inventory part contains a description of each Equipment Unit (e.g. an X-mas tree). It contains technical and operational data on all three indenture levels applied: (1) Equipment Unit, (2) Subunit and (3) Component level. The Failure part contains the failure events experienced for one Equipment Unit during the period of surveillance; one failure record for each failure event. If no failures are experienced for a specific equipment unit, the corresponding failure database will be empty. Subsea failures are linked to the lowest level in the equipment hierarchy, the component level. The Maintenance part contains information about the corrective maintenance/ intervention being carried out (e.g. maintenance action, downtime, resources) and is related to a failure event record. SYSTEM HIERARCHY The system hierarchy in OREDA, subsea part, is broken down into four levels starting on top viz.: © Field/Installation: This is an identifier for the subsea field and its installation(s). For each field several installations may be included. Equipment unit: An equipment unit on the highest equipment level used in OREDA which typically includes a unit with one main function, e.g. X-mas tree, control system, ete. © Subunit: An equipment unit is subdivided in several subunits, each with function(s) required for the equipment unit to perform its main function. Typical subunits are e.g. umbilical, HPU etc. The subunits may be redundant, e.g. two independent HPUs. © Component: These are subsets of each subunit and will typically consist of the lowest level items that are being repaired or replaced as a whole (e.g. valve, sensor etc) The hierarchy is illustrated in Figure 3. © OREDAOREDA-2002 20 OREDA-2002 Inventory data Failure data | Maintenance data ane Fale 1,112 }— : 1 . or | 4 San (az ] | | | |__| | | eee 1 poet Sabana Sabana? Figure 3 - System hierarchy The failures and corrective maintenance actions are as shown in Figure 3 linked to the component where they occurred. EQuipMENT BOUNDARIES The boundaries of what constitutes a subsea system and the various levels in the inventory need to be clearly defined to ensure that in-service times and failures are allocated correctly, A typical equipment level boundary used in OREDA is illustrated in Figure 4. Boundary details for the each equipment class are given in each equipment class chapter respectively © OREDAOREDA-2002 24 OREDA-2002 c =a ] ST wk on | | E = a er | Floto mani bose | on | == am || Se J fe | we es ASVIPSV: AnauluvPeoduction Swab Valve AMVIPMY, AnnulProduction Master Valve AWVIPWV: AnnuluvPeoduction Wing Valve COV: Crosover Vaio SCSSV: _Srfhee Contoled Subsurface Safe Valve Figure 4 - Boundary definition, X-mas tree INVENTORY DATA The inventory data are used to describe an equipment unit and its associated subunits and components, to be able to compare equal with equal and retrieve relevant data from the database. Furthermore, the inventory data may represent explanatory variables affecting the observed reliability. These data are mainly of static character; i.e. they do not change in course of time. They are also recorded once for each item. Some are, however, of a more dynamic nature and may change during the surveillance period (c.g. no. of demands). © OREDAOREDA-2002 22 OREDA-2002 FAILURE EVENT AND MAINTENANCE DATA For each failure a description of the failure is given together with the maintenance/intervention (corrective action) carried out to restore the item to normal operating conditions. This information is divided in two event records: e Failure; i.e. description of the failure event © Maintenance/intervention; i.e. description of the maintenance action These records contain a set of attributes describing the failure and maintenance action respectively. The attributes are based on numeric data, codes selected from a predefined menu, and free text description. @ OREDAOREDA-2002 23 OREDA-2002 ESTIMATION PROCEDURES ‘The main purpose of the OREDA-2002 handbook is to present average failure rate estimates together with repair time estimates. This section presents a brief description of the statistical methods that are used FAILURE RATE The failure rate function tells us how likely it is that an item that has survived up to time ¢, will fail during the next unit of time. If the item is deteriorating, this likelihood will increase with the age 4 A man who has reached the age of 95 years will obviously have a higher probability of dying during the next year than a 20 years old man. The failure rate function will therefore usually be a function of the time - or, the age of the item. To give a mathematical definition of the failure rate function, we start with the time to failure, T, of the item, ie, the time from the item is put into operation until the first failure occurs. It is generally impossible to predict the exact value of the time to failure, and 7 will therefore be random variable with some distribution. The failure rate function, A(t), may now be defined mathematically as: Ad-At~ Pr(t 1) The right hand side of this equation denotes “the probability that the item will fail in the time interval (¢, f+ Af), when the item is still functioning at time 1” or with other words: “the probability that an item that has reached the age f will fail in the next interval (t, ¢+ Af).” The approximation is sufficiently accurate when Af is the length of a very “short” time interval The failure rate function is sometimes also called ‘hazard rate’ or ‘force of mortality’. The life of a technical item may generally be split into three different phases: the burn-in (or infant mortality) phase, the useful life phase, and the wear-out phase. The failure rate function will usually have different shapes in the three phases. As illustrated in Figure 5, the failure rate function may be decreasing in the burn-in phase, close to constant in the useful life phase, and increasing in the wear-out phase. The curve in Figure 5 is called a “bath-tub” curve because of its characteristic shape, and is often claimed to be a realistic model for mechanical equipment. If we assume that the failure rate function is constant during the useful life phase, this means that the item is not deteriorating during this phase. The deterioration will start when, or if, the item enters the wear-out phase © OREDAOREDA-2002 24 OREDA-2002 Failure rate function > T Burn-in phase Useful ite phase Wear-out phase Time Figure 5 Bath-Tub Shape of the Failure Rate So-called burn-in problems may be caused by inherent quality problems in the item, or by installation problems. Inherent quality problems may sometimes be removed by careful quality testing prior to installation. Installation problems have been disregarded in the OREDA data collection, notably for most topside equipment. The burn-in phase is therefore not included in the OREDA database, and we may assume that the data collection is started with the useful life phase. For subsea equipment data is collected on a whole lifetime basis, i.c. data collection starts when the equipment is installed and ready for its intended service. This means that the equipment may no necessarily have been Many of the items covered in OREDA are subject to some maintenance or replacement policy. The items will thereby often be replaced or refurbished before they reach the wear-out phase. ‘The main part of the failure events in the OREDA database will therefore come from the| luseful life phase, where the failure rate is close to constant. All the failure rate estimates presented in this handbook are therefore based on the| assumption that the failure rate function is constant and independent of time, in which case| A(t) = A Note «No statistical tests have been performed to verify the assumption of a constant failure rate. Since data are assumed to come from “bottom” of the bath-tub curve, the failure rate estimates presented therefore represent some kind of minimum over the entire life cycle of the equipment. ‘An important implication of the constant failure rate assumption is that an item is considered to be “as good as new” as long as it is functioning. All failures are purely chance failures and independent of the age of the item. The mean time to failure, MTTF, may be calculated as © OREDAOREDA-2002 25. OREDA-2002 1 MTTF=— a These and related concepts are thoroughly discussed in e.g., Hoyland and Rausand (1994). ESTIMATORS AND UNCERTAINTY LIMITS FOR A HOMOGENEOUS SAMPLE When we have failure data from identical items that have been operating under the operational and environmental conditions, we have a so-called homogeneous sample. The only data we need to estimate the failure rate A in this case, are the observed number of failures, n, and the aggregated time in service, . The estimator of A is given by: See e.g. Hoyland and Rausand (1994) for further details. The aggregated time in service, t, may be measured either as calendar time or operating time, and both these are presented in the data tables in Part II Note that this approach is valid only in the following situations: © Failure times for a specified number of items, with the same failure rate A, are available. © Data (several failures) is available for one item for a period of time, and the failure rate % is constant during this period. ‘© A combination of the two above situations, i.e., there are several items where each item might have several failures. This is the typical situation for the OREDA data. In the data tables in Part II of the handbook, estimates are given for each failure mode. Uncertainty intervals for the failure rate The uncertainty of the estimate 4. may be presented as a 90% confidence interval. This is an interval (21,Av), such that the “true value” of A. fulfils: Pr(A, SA< Ay) = 90% With n fuilures during an aggregated time in service 1, this 90% confidence interval is given by: (Fomgenney] © OREDAOREDA-2002 26 OREDA-2002 where zo,» and zoosy denote the upper 95% and 5% percentiles, respectively, of the = distribution with v degrees of freedom, see Table 4, page 31 Example Assume that n = 6 failures have been observed during an aggregated time in service T= 10000 hours. The failure rate estimate is then given by: A = n/t = 6-10* failures per hour and a 90% confidence interval is given by: 1 L 1 1 : 7 Dp Foss 5 Zoaszen | = | zass roost] = (26-10%, 11.8-10 (oe a ) (oan 20000 * ) : 7 The estimate and the confidence interval are illustrated in Figure 6. —1—r > Failure rate 1 2 3 46 § 6 7 8B 8 10 411 12 (failures per 18 hours) Figure 6 Estimate and 90% Confidence Interval for the Example. Note The given interval is a confidence interval for the failure rate for the items we have data for. There is no guarantee that items installed in the future will have a failure rate within this interval. MULTI-SAMPLE PROBLEMS In many cases we do not have a homogeneous sample of data. The aggregated data for an item may come from different installations with different operational and environmental conditions, or we may wish to present an “average” failure rate estimate for slightly different items. In these situations we may decide to merge several more or less homogeneous samples, into what we call a multi-sample. The various samples may have different failure rates, and different amounts of data - and thereby different confidence intervals. This is illustrated in Figure 7. @OREDAOREDA-2002 27 OREDA-2002 Sample 2 SS 3 <> k Ce Total ae > lot 7 1 Faiuraate 8 FB 8 10 14 A. Males per 16 hous) 10203 4 5 Figure 7 Multi-Sample Problem To merge all the samples, and estimate the “average” failure rate as the total number of failures divided by the aggregated time in service will not always give an adequate result. The ‘confidence’ interval will especially be unrealistically short, as illustrated in Figure 7. We therefore need a more advanced estimation procedure to take care of the multi-sample problem. Below, the so-called OREDA-estimator of the “average” failure rate in a multi-sample situation is presented together with a 90% uncertainty interval. Spjatvoll (1985) gives a rationale for the estimation procedure. The OREDA-estimator is based on the following assumptions: © We have k different samples. A sample may e.g., correspond to a platform, and we may have data from similar items used on k different platforms. © In sample no, i we have observed n; failures during a total time in service 1, for oe ‘© Sample no. i has a constant failure rate A, for i =1,2,...5 k © Due to different operational and environmental conditions, the failure rate 2; may vary between the samples. The variation of the failure rate between samples may be modelled by assuming that the failure rate is a random variable with some distribution given by a probability density function (A). ‘The mean, or “average” failure rate is then: = Jane da and the variance is: 6? fa-a, fF -m(Ayda. © OREDAOREDA-2002 28 OREDA-2002 To calculate the multi-sample OREDA-estimator, the following procedure is used: 1. Calculate an initial estimate 6, of the mean (“average”) failure rate 8, by pooling the data: dn is Total time in service y t it 2. Calculate: ‘ si = Yin fa So = Se ~ 6Si Ts 3. Calculate an estimate for o”, a measure of the variation between samples, by: FG x 5, when greater than 0, else 0 S?-S2 4. Calculate the final estimate 6° of the mean (“average”) failure rate @ by: 1 1 1 “rly ® 5. LetSD= & In the data tables in Part Il of the handbook 6° corresponds to the mean (column 4), and SD corresponds to the standard deviation (column 6). The lower and upper “uncertainty” values are given by: Unger J (A) da = 90% Lever © OREDAOREDA- 2002 29 OREDA-2002 Since the distribution m(A) is not known in advance, the following pragmatic approach is used: 6. m(A) is assumed to be the probability density function of a Gamma distribution with parameters and B. 7. The parameters orand B are estimated by: &=p-o 8. The following formulas are now applied: i Lower = 20 95,2 2 1 Upper = = z005,2% 2B where Zossy and Zaosy denote the upper 95% and 5% percentiles, respectively, of the ¢-distribution with v degrees of freedom, see Table 4, page 31. In situations where v is not an integer, an interpolation in the 77-distribution is performed. Note 1 ‘More detailed analysis of the OREDA data (see Vatn 1993) has indicated that there may be a large variation between installations. The multi-sample OREDA estimator should therefore as a rule be used instead of the n/t estimator which is based on a homogeneous sample. The variation between the samples (installations) is measured by the standard deviation SD. Note 2 In the OREDA-84 and OREDA-92 handbooks, a slightly different approach was taken. The mean value was estimated with the same procedure as in this handbook, but the lower and upper values were given a slightly different interpretation. Note 3 In the case of k= 1, the procedure cannot be used. In this case the n/t estimate is given for the mean, and the lower and upper values should be interpreted as a traditional 90% confidence interval. Note 4 Tf no failures are observed for an item, the following approach is used to obtain lower, mean and upper values for “All failure modes”: 1. Let A, denote the failure rate estimate (“mean”) one level up in the taxonomy hierarchy. @OREDAOREDA-2002 30. OREDA-2002 2. Let 7 denote the total time in service (operational or calendar) for the item of interest 3. Let 5. The standard deviation is given by 6. A90% uncertainty interval is given by Fs saer tonne (20212 ee ee ESTIMATION OF DEMAND PROBABILITIES If information about “number of demands” is given (see Section “Data table, Reliability Data”, page 32) it is possible to estimate the demand probability. The demand probability is always related to one specific failure mode, for example a critical fail to start. The demand failure probability is estimated by: pat Pa where n is the number of failures with the appropriate failure mode, and d is the number of demands. Note that in the data table presentations the demand probabilities may apparently look different. The reason for this is that in some cases there are registered “demand failures”, but the number of demands is not recorded for one or more inventories. For these inventories, the demand failures are not added to the total number of demand failures for that data table. @OREDAOREDA-2002 31 PERCENTAGE POINTS OF THE CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION Table 4 Percentage Points of the Chi-square (x7) Distribution OREDA-2002 Pr(Z > Zav) = O via 0.995 0.990 0.975 10550 00s 0.025 0.010 0.005 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.84 5.02 663 7.88 2 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 5.99 7.38 9.21 10.60 B07 011, 022. 0354781 935) 1134) 31284 4 0.21 030 048 0.71 9.49 11.14 13.28 14.86 Bn Oe Oo i iy Pe rh ee 6 068 0.87 124 164 1259 1445 16.81 18.55 7 0.99 1.24 169 217 14.07 16.01 18.48 20.28 8 134 165 218 2.73 15.51 17.53 20.09 21.96 9 1.73 2.09 2,70 3.33 16.92 19.02 21.67 23.59 10 216 2.56 3.25 3.94 1831 20.48 23.21 25.19 11 260 3.05 3.82 4.57 19.68 21.92 24.72 26.76 12 3.07 3.57 4.40 5.23 21.03 23.34 26.22 28.30 13 3.57 4.11 5.01 5.89 22.36 24.74 27.69 29.82 14 4.07 4.66 5.63 6.57 23.68 26.12 29.14. 31.32 15 460 5.23 6.27 7.26 25.00 27.49 30.58 32.80 16 5.14 581 6.91 7.96 26.30 28.85 32.00 34.27 17 5.70 641 7.56 8.67 27.59 30.19 33.41 35.72 18 626 7.01 823 9.39 2887 31.53 3481 37.16 19 684 7.63 8.91 10.12 30.14 32.85 36.19 38.58 20 743 8.26 9.59 10.85 31.41 3417 37.57 40.00 25 10.52 11.52 1312 14.61 37.65 40.65 44.31 46.93 26 11.16 12.20 13.84 15.38 38.89 41.92 45.64 48,29 27 1181 12.88 14.57 16.15 40.11 43.19 46.96 49.64 28 1246 13.56 15.31 16.93 41.34 44.46 48.28 50.99 29 13.12 14.26 16.05 17.71 42.56 45.72 49.59 52.34 30 13.79 14.95 16.79 1849 43.77 46,98 50.89 53.67 40 20.71 22.16 24.43 26.51 55.76 59.34 63.69 66.77 50 27.99 29.71 32.36 34.76 67.50 71.42 76.15 79.49 60 35.53 37.48 40.48 43.19 79.08 83.30 88.38 91.95 70 43.28 45.44 48.76 51.74 90.53 95.02 100.42 104.22 80 51.17 53.54 57.15 60.39 101.88 106.63 112,33 116.32 90 59.20 61.75 65.65 69.13 113.14 118.14 124.12 128.30 100 67.33 70.06 74.22 77.93 124.34 129.56 135.81 _140.17 @ OREDAOREDA-2002 32 OREDA-2002 TOPSIDE DATA TABLE FORMATS DATA TABLE, RELIABILITY DATA Each data table contains an identification of the item and the estimated reliability parameters. The figures provided should be interpreted on the basis of the assumptions specified in the boundary definition for each equipment category and the estimation method applied. The format of the data table is shown in Figure 8. Taxonomy no tem Population | Installations ‘Aggregated timo in service (1* hours) No of demands Calendar time ‘Operational tine F Faure mode Wo of Failure rate (per 10 hours). ‘eve | __ Repair (manhours] taitwes| Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | ak | rophrs | Min | Mean | Max [Comments Figure 8 Format of the Reliability Data Tables The various entries of the data table are explained in the following: Taxonomy number and Item The taxonomy number is a numerical identification of the item, The description of the item is given in a hierarchical structure. Only data from items of this generic category of compon- ents/equipment are input to the estimates presented in the quantitative part of the data table. Population Total number of items forming the basis for the estimates. Installations Total number of installations (platforms) covered by the data surveillance for the item in question. @ OREDAOREDA-2002 33 OREDA-2002 Aggregated time in service Two types of time scales are presented as the basis for the failure rate estimates; calendar time and operational time. The aggregated time in service for the total population is given for both time scales. Note that while the calendar time is given with high certainty, the operational time has in many cases to be based on estimates (by the data collector). Number of demands The accumulated number of demands/cycles for the total population is given when available. In several cases these numbers are based on estimates and not accurate measurements. Failure mode This column contains a brief description of the manner in which the failure occurred, when such information is available. Number of failures The total number of failure events is presented for each failure mode. The accumulated number of failures is presented as “All modes”. Failure rate The failure rate columns present estimates of the failure rate for each failure mode. Results are given both under the “multi-sample” assumption, and under the assumption of homogeneous data sets. In the multi-sample situation the failure rate is assumed to vary between installations (platforms), and each platform represents one sample. The following entries are included: Mean An estimate of the “average” failure rate with respect to the specified failure mode, obtained by using the OREDA estimator. (Lower, Upper) A 90% uncertainty interval for the failure rate. SD A standard deviation indicating the variation between the multiple samples. nh The total number of failures divided by the total time in service, ie, the estimate of the failure rate we would use for a homogeneous sample. All the entries are measured per 10° hours and refer either to calendar time (marked *) or operational time (marked +). @ OREDAOREDA-2002 4 OREDA-2002 Active repair time (hours) This column contains the average calendar time (hours) required to repair and return the item to a state where it is ready to resume its functions. Active repair time is the time when actual repair work is being done. It does not include time to shut down the unit, issue work order, wait for spare parts, start-up after repair etc. The active repair time is therefore normally shorter than the downtime where some of the activities indicated above may be included. Note: During the data collection exercises it has been very difficult to obtain data regarding active repair times. In the OREDA database there is a good coverage of “restoration man-hours” data, whereas the data for “active repair time” is rather sparse. It should also be noted that active repair hours are highly influenced by how maintenance is organised on the platform. The figures for active repair times should therefore only be used as an indication of what the actual active repair times would be. Itis highly recommended to use some kind of expert judgement in addition to the values given in the handbook. Repair (manhours) The repair columns present three values of the repair time (man-hours). The mean value is the average number of man-hours recorded to repair the failure and restore the function. The min and max values are the lowest and highest number of man-hours recorded for the repair of the item. Comments ‘When available the on on-demand failure probability is given in the Comment field. DATA TABLE, MAINTAINABLE ITEM VERSUS FAILURE MODE The reliability data presented in the data table in Figure 8 (page 32) does not give information on which part of the equipment has failed. In the Maintainable Item versus Failure Mode listing the relative contribution from each maintainable item to the total failure rate may be obtained. The figures in the table represent percentages of occurrence for each combination of failure mode and maintainable item. The row sum represents the total percentage of failures that are related to the actual maintainable item. Note that several maintainable items might be assigned to each failure record. In such situations, the “score” for the actual maintainable item/failure mode combination is set to I/n, where n is the number of maintainable items listed for that failure record. The column sum represents the contribution for each failure mode in percentages. This information is valuable input to an FMEA/FMECA analysis. The FMEA/FMECA analysis is further a major part of a reliability centred maintenance (RCM) analysis. As the RCM methodology focuses on failure causes, it is also important to have information regarding failure causes as discussed in the next section. Note that several maintainable items might be assigned to each failure record. © OREDAOREDA-2002 35 OREDA-2002 DATA TABLE, FAILURE DESCRIPTOR VERSUS FAILURE MODE In the Failure Descriptor versus Failure Mode listing the relative contribution from each failure descriptor (cause) to the to the total failure rate may be obtained. The figures in the table represent percentages of occurrence for each combination of failure descriptor and failure mode. The row sum represents the total percentage of failures that are related to the actual failure descriptor. The column sum represents the contribution for each failure mode in percentages. As mentioned above, the information about failure causes is essential in an RCM analysis. For example scheduled replacement of units is only applicable if one or more failure causes may be related to ageing, wear, corrosion etc. © OREDAOREDA-2002 36 OREDA-2002 SUBSEA DATA TABLE FORMATS DATA TABLE, RELIABILITY DATA Each data table contains an identification of the item and the estimated reliability parameters. The figures provided should be interpreted on the basis of the assumptions specified in the boundary definition for each equipment category and the estimation method applied. The format of the data table is shown in Figure 8. Taxonomy no em Population | Installations ‘Ragregated time in service (10° hours) Failure data Calendar time Component | Noof | | Severity class Failure rate (per 10° hours), ‘ctve repair units time (hours) +i clot u [tower [Mean [Upper [SD [nie | Mean ‘Subunit no. 1 Component no. 1 (Component no.2 Subunit no. 2 Component no, | Equipment level [Comments For components with no fares, ns eto 05 based on a nor-infrmatve pri. * Mean fare forthe common compenentis used in the estar. Figure 9 Format of the Reliability Data Tables ‘The various entries of the data table are explained in the following: Taxonomy number and Item ‘The taxonomy number is a numerical identification of the item. The description of the item is given in a hierarchical structure. Only data from items of this generic category of compon- ents/equipment are input to the estimates presented in the quantitative part of the data table. Population Total number of items forming the basis for the estimates. Installations Total number of installations (platforms) covered by the data surveillance for the item in question. © OREDAOREDA-2002 37 OREDA-2002 Aggregated time in service The aggregated time in service for the total population is given for calendar time scale for the equipment unit level. A subunit and its related component(s) may have different calendar time recorded as the latter is recorded individually for each subunit and component in the database. Component This column contains the list of subunits and component for which the failure data is presented. The subunits are in bold letters. The equipment unit level data are presented in the last row. The number of items on each level is listed in the table. Number of failures The total number of failure events (#) is presented for each subunit and component. The criticality distribution is given for each item ie. critical (C), degraded (D), incipient (I) and unknown (U). Failure rate The failure rate columns present estimates of the failure rate for each subunit and component. Results are given both under the “multi-sample” assumption, and under the assumption of homogeneous data sets. In the multi-sample situation the failure rate is assumed to vary between installations (platforms), and each platform represents one sample. The following entries are included: Mean An estimate of the “average” failure rate with respect to the specified failure mode, obtained by using the OREDA estimator. (Lower, Upper) A 90% uncertainty interval for the failure rate. SD A standard deviation indicating the variation between the multiple samples. nh The total number of failures divided by the total time in service, i.e., the estimate of the failure rate we would use for a homogeneous sample. Alll the entries are measured per 10° hours and refer to calendar time. Active repair time (hours) This column contains the elapsed calendar time (hours) required to repair and return the item to a state where it is ready to resume its functions. This is the part of the total repair time used on-site. The mean value is the average number of hours recorded to repair the failure and restore the function. Active reapir time should not be mixed with downtime which my additionally include time periods such as shutdown, repair vessel mobilisation, start-up after repair ete. Comments The comment field presents comments to the calculation of failure rates. @OREDAOREDA-2002 38 OREDA-2002 For components with no failures, n is set to 0.5 based on a non-informative prior. * Mean failure for the common component is used in the estimator. DATA TABLE, COMPONENT VERSUS FAILURE MODE The reliability data presented in the data table in Figure 8 (page 32) give information on which part of the equipment has failed. The Component versus Failure Mode lists the number failure modes for each component. The figures in the table represent number of occurrence for each combination of failure mode and component. The row sum represents the total number of failures that are related to the actual component. The column sum represents the total number of each failure mode. This information is valuable input to an FMEA/FMECA analysis (see e.g. IEC 812). The FMEA/FMECA analysis is further a major part of a reliability centred maintenance (RCM) analysis (see e.g. Rausand and Vatn 1997). As the RCM methodology focuses on failure causes, it is also important to have information regarding failure causes as discussed in the next section. DATA TABLE, SUBUNIT VERSUS FAILURE MODE The Subunit versus Failure Mode lists the number of failure modes for each subunit. The figures in the table represent number of occurrence for each combination of failure mode and subunit. The row sum represents the number of failures that are related to the actual subunit. The column sum represents the number of each failure mode. DATA TABLE, EQUIPMENT UNIT VERSUS FAILURE MODE The Equipment unit versus Failure Mode table lists the number of failure modes at the ‘equipment unit level. DATA TABLE, FAILURE DESCRIPTOR VERSUS FAILURE MODE In the Failure Descriptor versus Failure Mode listing the relative contribution from each failure descriptor (cause) to the to the total failure rate may be obtained. The figures in the table represent percentages of occurrence for each combination of failure descriptor and failure mode. The descriptor is presented for each component. The row sum represents the total percentage of failures that are related to the actual failure descriptor for each component. The column sum represents the contribution for each failure mode in percentages. © OREDAOREDA-2002 39 OREDA-2002 MISCELLANEOUS ESTIMATION PROCEDURES No FAILURES ARE OBSERVED FOR A SPECIFIC FAILURE MODE In the data tables failure rate estimates are only presented for those failure modes for which failures have been recorded. The standard failure rate estimate in this situation is 4=0. An alternative procedure for estimating the failure rate in this situation is given under Note 4 on page 29. To use the procedure, the term “All failure modes” should be replaced with the failure mode of interest. Further information may be obtained from the Internet address: http:/www.sintef.no/oreda/analysis/ WEIGHTING OREDA-2002 DATA WITH OTHER DATA SOURCES In many RAMS analyses, data may also be available from other sources than this handbook. For offshore RAMS analyses, the most obvious data source in addition to this book, is the previous handbooks. A method for weighting data from OREDA-97 and OREDA-2002 is given below. The method is based on an approach suggested in the OREDA Data Analysis Guidelines (Vatn 1993). The calculations are repeated for all failure modes of interest. Let Ay; denote the mean failure rate for Phase IV and V data (column 4) in the OREDA-2002 handbook. Further, let SDjy denote the standard deviation in column 6. Ay; is the corresponding mean in the OREDA-97 handbook. A weighted failure rate estimate is given by: z+ (44 Pa Aan 4} — ory wnilih Ne) where |x| cenotes the absolute value of x. If in addition, standard deviation and uncertainty limits are required, please consult the Internet address: http:/Awww.sintef.no/oreda/analysis/ where also a rationale for the above procedure is given. © OREDAOREDA-2002 40 OREDA-2002 DEFINITIONS: The main terminology used in the OREDA-97 handbook is defined in this section. The specific definitions of the terminology and parameters used in the statistical estimation procedures are included in the section “Estimation Procedures”. Terms marked with (C) are categorised in pre-defined codes. Active Repair Time Active repair time is the total (calendar) time required to repair and return the item to a state where it is ready to resume its functions. This excludes the time to detect the failure, time to isolate the equipment from the process before repair, delay and waiting for spare parts or tools, and any time after the repair has been completed if the item is not put into service immediately. Time for testing is included when such testing is an integrated part of the repair activity. Boundary The interface between an item and its surroundings. Calendar Time The interval of time between the start and end of data surveillance for a particular item. Component (C) ~ Subsea These are subsets of each subunit (subsea inventory) and will typically consist of the lowest level items that are repaired/replaced as a whole (e.g. valve, sensor etc.) Equipment unit The highest indenture level including subunits and smaller entities belonging to that equipment unit. Equipment unit corresponds in most cases to tag number for topside equipment. Failure The termination or the degradation of the ability of an item to perform its required function(s). It includes: Complete failure of the item Failure of part of the item that causes unavailability of the item for corrective action Failure discovered during inspection, testing, or preventive maintenance that requires repair © Failure on safety devices or controV/monitoring devices that necessitates shutdown, or reduction of the items capability below specified limits. The following outages are not considered as failures: © Unavailability due to preventive or planned maintenance Useful definitions related to this Handbook will also be found in the standards ISO 14224 and NORSOK Z016. @ OREDAOREDA-2002 41 OREDA-2002 ‘© Shutdown of the item due to external conditions, or where no physical failure condition of the item is revealed, A shutdown is not to be considered a failure unless there is some recorded maintenance activity. ‘A required function is defined as any function necessary to maintain the item's capability of providing its output at specified capacity and quality. Note that a failure could be either complete loss of function or function degradation below an acceptable limit. A failure will normally require a work order and involvement by maintenance personnel. Failure Descriptor (C) ‘An attribute of the failure event that can be easily deduced technically. The failure descriptor is the apparent, immediate cause of the failure and is related to subunit level. Failure Mode (C) The effect by which a failure is observed on the failed unit. The failure modes describe the loss of required system function(s) that result from failures, or an undesired change in state or condition. The failure mode is related to the equipment unit level. The failure mode is a description of the various abnormal states/conditions of an equipment unit, and the posssible transition from correct to incorrect state. The failure mode can be subdivided in two major classes: 1. Demanded change of state is not achieved 2. Undesired change in conditions (state) The first class typically comprises events like fail-to-start/stop and fail-to-open/close, i.e. directly related to a failure of the function of the unit. The latter category can either be related to function and condition as follows: a) Undesired change in manner of operation (e.g. spurious stop, high output) b) Undesired change of condition (e.g. vibration, leakage). This category does not affect the function immediately, but may do so if not attended to within a reasonable time, (See e.g., Rausand and Qien (1996) for a thorough discussion of failures and failure modes). Item A common term used to denote any level of hardware assembly; i.e. equipment unit, subunit, maintainable items and parts. Maintainable Item (C) ‘An item that constitutes‘an assembly of parts that are normally the lowest indenture level during maintenance. @OREDAOREDA-2002 42 OREDA-2002 Number of Demands The total number of times an item is required to perform its specified function(s) during the calendar time. Operational Time The period of time during which a particular item performs its required function(s), between the start and end of data surveillance. Population The total number of items of one particular type in service during the period of the event data surveillance. Sample The group of items of one particular type in service - described by its taxonomy code - on one installation during the period of the event data surveillance. Severity Class Types (C) CRITICAL FAILURE; A failure which causes immediate and complete loss of a system's capability of providing its output. DEGRADED FAILURE: A failure which is not critical, but which prevents the system from providing its output within specifications. Such a failure would usually, but not necessarily, be gradual or partial, and may develop into a critical failure in time, INCIPIENT FAILURE: A failure which does not immediately cause loss of a system's capability of providing its output, but which, if not attended to, could result in a critical or degraded failure in the near future UNKNOWN: Failure severity was not recorded or could not be deduced. The severity class is used to describe effect on operational status and the severity of loss of output from the system. Each failure has been associated with only one severity class, either critical, degraded or incipient, independently of the failure mode and failure cause. The severity classification is confined to the location and use of the equipment unit that has failed. Subunit (C) - Topside An assembly of items that provides a specific function that is required for the equipment unit to achieve its intended performance. Corresponds frequently with sub-tag number(s). Subunit (C) - Subsea A subsea equipment unit is subdivided in several subunits, each with function(s) required for the equipment unit to perform its main function. Typical subunits are e.g. umbilical, HPU etc, The subunits may be redundant, e.g. two independent HPUs. Taxonomy (C) ‘A systematic classification of items into generic groups based on factors possibly common to several of the items, e.g, functional type, medium handled. @OREDAOREDA-2002 43 OREDA-2002 REFERENCES A. Hoyland and M. Rausand. Reliability Theory; Models and Statistical Methods. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994, IEC 812. Analysis Techniques for System Reliability - Procedures for Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, 1985. ISO 14224. Petroleum and natural gas industries - Collection and exchange of reliability and maintanance data for equipment. International Standards Organisation NORSOK Z016. Regularity Management & Reliability Technology. NORSOK standard issued 2000 by NTS (norsok@nts.no) OREDA-84. Offshore Reliability Data. DNV-Technica, P.O.Box 300, 1322 Hovik, Norway, 1* edition, 1984. OREDA-92. Offshore Reliability Data. Det Norske Veritas (DNV), P.O.Box 300, 1322 Hovik, Norway, 2 edition, 1992. OREDA.97. Offshore Reliability Data. Prepared by SINTEF and marketed by DNV. 3° edition, 1997. M. Rausand and K. Gien. The basic concepts of failure analysis. Reliability Engineering and ‘System Safety, 53:73-83, 1996. M. Rausand and J. Vatn. Reliability Centered Maintenance. In C. G. Soares, editor, Risk and Reliability in Marine Technology. Balkema, Holland, 1997. E. Spjotvoll. Estimation of failure rate from reliability data bases. In 'Society of Reliability Engineers’ Symposium (1985: Trondheim). J. Vatn, OREDA Data Analysis Guidelines. Technical Report STF75 A93024, SINTEF Industrial Management, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway, 1993. H, Sandtorv. Experience with the collection, quality control and application of an offshore R&M database. Workshop on QRA databases. London 1993. H. Sandtory et al.: Practical experience with a data collection project - The OREDA project. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. 1995 K. Haugen et al: The analysis of failure data in precence of critical and degraded failures. EsRel Conference in Bournemouth 1995. K. Haugen et al.: Analysis of OREDA data for maintenance optimisation. Conference on Safety and Reliability in Industrial management. Trondheim May 1996. P. Hokstad et al.: Estimation of average rate of occurrence of failures. EsRel '96. H. Sandtorv: Quality of reliability databanks. EsReDa conference on quality of reliability data, Stockholm 1998. H. Sandtorv: Problems and solution with the collection of reliability data from different data sources, EsRel'99 Munich. H. Sandtorv: Evolution of operation experience data collection methods. EsReDa Conference 2000 in Lyon. R. @stebs et al: Subsea reliability perfromance - oi] & gas industry. Deep Offshore Technology Conference. 2000 in New Orleans. © OREDAOREDA-2002 44 OREDA-2002 PART II Reliability Data Presentation © OREDAOREDA-2002 45 OREDA-2002 RELIABILITY DATA PRESENTATION CONTENTS MACHINERY .. Compressors... 1.1 Compressors Centrifugal ELECTRIC (400-1000) kW (1000-3000)kW ... (3000-10000)kW (20000-30000)kW .. TURBINE .sne (3000-10000)KW (10000-20000)kW ... Unknown Unknown... Reciprocating... ELECTRIC (100-1000) kW... (1000-3000)kW ... (3000-10000)K DIESEL. (100-1000) kW ELECTRIC .. (100-1000) kW... (1000-3000)kW Unknown. 1 Gas Turbines... 1.2 Gas Turbines... : Aeroderivative.. (1000) kW .. (3000-10000) (10000-20000)kW (20000-40000)kW Unknown. Industrial... (1000) kW .. (1000-3000)kW (3000-10000)kW (10000-20000)kW (20000-40000)KW Combined function. Completion fluid... Condensate processing. Cooling systems Crude oil handling, Emergency power © OREDAOREDA-2002 46 OREDA-2002 1.3.1.8 Flare, vent & blow-down.. 1.3.1.9 Gas processing. 1.31.10 Gas production. 131.11 Gas treatment 1.3.1.12 Heating medium 13.1.13 Materials handing. 13.1.14 Oil export 13.1.15 Oil processing........ 1.31.16 Oily water treatment 131.17 Seawater it... 1.31.18 Water fire fighting 1.31.19 Water injection 1:3.1.20 _ Well servicing 1.32 Reciprocating.. 1.32.1 Chemical inj 1.32.2 Gas processing... 1.3.23 Gas treatment 1324 13.3 13.34 Combustion Engines 1.4 Combustion Enigens..... 1.4.4 Diesel engine 1.4.1.1 Compressed air... 1.4.1.2 Emergency power. 4.4.1.3 Main power: 1414 14.15 Process shutdown and ESD ‘5 _ Water fire fighting. 142 Gasengine.. 14.2.1 Crude oil handling. 14.2.2 Emergency power. 14.23 Main power.. Turboexpanders. 1.5 Turboexpanders... 1.5.1. Combined function 15.4.1 Centrifugal 15.2 Gas processin 15.21 _ Centrifugal. 15.3 Gas treatment 15.3.1 Centrifugal ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT. Electric Generators... 2.1 Electric Generators ‘Motor driven (diesel, gas motor) .. Emergency power. (-1000)kVA, (1000-3000)kVA, Unknown. Main power (-1000)KVA... (1000-3000)kVA, Turbine driven (gas, steam). Essential power. (1000)KVA..... (1000-3000)kVA.. (3000-10000)kVA... Main power.. (-1000)KVA. ‘© OREDAOREDA-2002 47 OREDA-2002 24.222 —(3000-10000)KVA. 21.2.2.3 (10000-20000)KVA.. 21.2.2.4 —_(20000-30000)KVA. Electric Motors 2.2 Electric motors. 2.24 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT, Heat Exchangers 3.1 Heat Exchangers. 344 3444 34.4.2 34.2 34.24 313 3.1.3.4 31.32 31.3.3 coMmPt se Compressed air Cooling systems Gas (re)injectio Gas export... Gas treatment. PUMP Cher ‘Combined function. Condensate processing. Cooling systems Crude oil handling... Flare, vent & blow-down. Gas processing.. Gas production. Gas treatment Heating medium Oil export... Oil processing .. Oily water treatment Sea water lift... Water injection Fin fan. Air->Sea Water... Gas->Air.. Plate - compact Gas->Wat/glycol Plate - conventional Crude Oil->Sea Water Water/glycol>Crude Oil Wateriglycol->Sea Water. Water/glycol->Wat/glycol.. Printed circuit i. Gas->Wat/glycol Shell and tube.. Condensate->Gas... Crude Oil->Watigtycol Flare Gas->Watiglycol .. Gas->Condensate. Gas->Freshwater.. Gas->Gas.... Gas->Gas/conden. Gas->Sea Water.. Gas->Wat/giycol He-comb->He-com Oil>Fuel Gas. Oi >Wat/glycol Water/glycol->Wat/glycal... © OREDAOREDA-2002 48 OREDA-2002 3.2 Vessels... 3.2.1 Coalescer. 3.21.1 (1-10)m3, 3.2.4.2 (60-100)ms3. 3.22 Contactor. 3.2.2.1 (1-10). 3.2.2.2 — (10-50)m3... 3.2.2.3 _ (60-100)ms3. 3.2.3 Destilation column. 3.2.3.1 (100-300)m: 3.2.3.2 (300-1000)m3. 324 Flash drum.. (100-300)m3. Unknown. Hydrocycione. (10-50)m3. Scrubber. (1-10)m3. (10-50) Separator. (1-10)m3., (10-50)m (60-100)m3. (100-300)m3... (300-1000)m3. Unknown. 32.103 32.104 Heaters and Boilers 3.3 Heaters and boilers Direct HC fired heater Heating medium Electric heater/boiler. Gas treatment HC fired boiler. Oil processing. Non-HC fired boiler. Gas treatment. Heating medium CONTROL AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT. Fire and Gas Detectors. 4.1 Fire & Gas Detectors 41.1 Flame. 444.4 Infrared... 412 H28 gas... 4121 28 gas. 413° Heat. © OREDAOREDA-2002 49 OREDA-2002 Process Sensors. 4.2 Process sensors. Rate compensated. 525 Hydrocarbon gas. 526 Catalytic. 529 Infrared 530 Photo-electric beam Unknown... 532 ‘Smoke/Combustion .. 533 Photo-electric 535 4.21 Flow 540 4.21.1 Electro-mechanical. 542 4.21.2 Unknown. 543 4.22 LEVEL rrr 544 4.22.1 — Capacitance. 546 4.222 Conductivity. 547 4.22.3 Displacement 548 4224 — Magnetic 549 4225 Other ‘550 4226 — Sonic 551 4227 _ Unknown, 552 423 Pressure. 553, 423.1 Capacitance. 555 4.23.2 Electro-mechanical 556 4233 587 4234 558 4235 424 4.244 424.2 563 4243 564 4244 565 Valve: . 566 4.3 Valves described by taxonomy code 568 431 Ball.. 575 4.3.1.1 Emergency shutdown (ESD).. 581 4.312 Flare, vent & blow-down.. 582 4.3.1.3 Gas systems.. 4314 — Main power. 43.1.5 Cilsystems 586 431.6 Oily water treatment. 434.7 _ Water injection 432 Butterfly... 4321 Cooling systems... 4.32.2 Gas systems. 432.3 Oil systems 4.32.4 Oily water treatment. 4325 Seawater iif. 4326 Water 432.7 Well servicing, 433 Check. 4.33.1 — Chemical injection.. 4.33.2 Gas systems. 433.3 Oil systems. 4.33.4 434 4.34.1 Well servicing, 435 Gate... 4.35.1 Chemical injection. @OREDAOREDA-2002 50 OREDA-2002 4.3.5.2 _ Emergency shutdown (ESD). 43.5.3 Flare, vent & blow-dowr 435.4 Gas systems. 43.5.5 Oilsystem 43.5.6 Oily water treatment 4357 Seawater lift : 43.6 Globe a 43.6.1 Chemical injection. 4362 — Combined functio 43.6.3 Compressed ai : 4.3.6.4 Condensate processing, 4.3.6.5 Cooling systems 4.3.6.6 Essential power. 4.3.6.7 Flare, vent & blow-down. 43.68 Gas systems. 4.369 Main power. 43610 — Oilsystems..... 43.611 Oily water treatment. 436.12 — Seawater... 4.3.6.13 Water injection 436.14 _ Well servicing 4.3.7 PSV-Conventional.. 4.37.4 Crude oil handling. 43.7.2 Gas systems. 4.37.3 Main power. 43.7.4 Water fire fighting 43.7.5 _ Waterinjection 43.8 PSV-Conventional wibellows. 43.8.1 Condensate processing.. 43.8.2 Gas systems. 4383 _ Oilsystems... 439 — PSV- Pilot operated. 43.9.1 Condensate proces: 439.2 Gas systems. 4.3.93 Oilsystems. 4.3.10 Unknow 4.4 Valves described by appli 4.4.1 Blowdown. 4414 Ball. 44.4.4. (1.1-5.0) incl 44.1.1.2 — (6.1-10) inch. 44.4.1.3 _ Unknown. 4412 44424 442 4424 44.244 (1.4-5.0) inch, 44.21.2 — (6.1-10) inch 44.3 Combined. 443.1 Ball. 4431.4 (1.1-5.0) inch. (20.1-30) inch, ESD. Ball (1.1-.0) inch.. (64-10) inch... (10.1-20) inch. (20.1-30) inch. (30.140) inch. @ OREDAOREDA-2002 51 OREDA-2002 4442 Gate.... 44424 (1.1-6.0) inch 44422 — (6.1-10) inch. 4442.3 (10.1-20) inch. 4442.4 (20.1-30) inch. 445 ESD/PSD 445.1 Ball. 445.11 (1.1-6.0) inch 44512 (5.1-10) inch.. 445.13 (10.1-20) inch. 445.14 —— (20.1-30) inch. 695 696 697 698 699 700 706 708 709 710 TM 445.15 (30.1-40) inch. 712 445.16 713 425. 714 445.21 15 445.22 716 4453 7 445.34 (1.4-5.0) inch. 4453.2 — (5.1-10) inch.. 44533 (10.1-20) inch. 4253.4 18 19 720 721 446 722 446.1 724 4261.4 725 447 Press. red. 4474 Check. 44744 447.2 Globe 447.21 (1.1-6.0) inch 448 Process control. 726 728 729 730 731 732 Ball. = 738 (1.4-5.0) inch 739 (6.1-10) inch.. 740 (10.1-20) inch. (20.1-30) inch. Butterfly... (1.1-5.0) inch, (6.1-10) inch. (10.1-20) inch..... Check, (1.1-6.0) inch......... Diaphragm (6.1-10) inch. Gate. (20.1-30) inch Globe. ? (1.1-5.0) inch (6.1-10) inch. (10.1-20) inch. Unknown, TAA PSD. Ball. (. (6.1-10) inch. (10.1-20) inch... (20.1-30) inch: Gate. : (10.1-20) inch. 449.22 — (20.1-30) inch: © OREDAOREDA-2002 52 OREDA-2002 4410 Relief. 770 44101 Gate. .TT3 4.4.10.1.4 — (1.1-5.0) inch IT8 4410.12 (6.140) inch. IT5 44.102 “T76 4.4.10.2.1 777 4410.3 44.1034 44.1032 441033 44.104 PSV- Conventional wibellows 782 44.10.41 (1.1-5.0) inch. 783 4.4.10.4.2 (5.1-10) inch... 784 4410.5 PSV - Pilot operat 785 44.105.1 — (1.1-6.0) inch 44.10.52 (5.1-10) inch... 4.4.11 Shutoff. 4AM Ball. 441114 (1.1-5.0) inch. 44.14.1.2 (6.1-10) inch. 44.1113 (10.1-20) inch... 44.1114 (20.1-30) inch. 11.1.5, (30.1-40) inch... 44.11.23 44N1.24 4.4.12 Unknown. ‘SUBSEA EQUIPMENT Common Components. Control Systems Wellhead and Xmas Tree (6.1-10) inch... (10.1-20) inch. (20.1-30) inch. @ OREDAOREDA-2002 53 OREDA-2002 PREFACE Part I of the Handbook present numeric failure and maintenance data for the various equipment classes as described in Part I. Part II is organised as follows: The equipment classes are categorised in 5 major categories, as shown in the following table: Equipment class ~ Compressors - Gas Turbines - Pumps - Combustion engines Turboexpanders Electric Electric generators equipment - Electric motors Mechanical |- Heat exchangers equipment - Vessels - Heaters and boilers Control and - Fire &Gas detectors safety equipment |- Process sensors - Valves [Subsea = Common components equipment - Control systems - Manifold - Flowline - Subsea Isolation System ~ Risers ~ Running tool - Wellhead & X-mas tree 1. For each equipment class (e.g. compressors) there is an Inventory description at the start of the respective chapter that contains: - Descriptive part - Boundary diagram - Subdivision in 'Subunits' and 'Maintainable Items’ - _ List of failure modes © OREDAOREDA-2002 54 OREDA-2002 2. Then the data tables described in Part I with failure and maintenance data are given for the whole equipment class population (i.e. all compressors). Similarly the cross-tabulation of failure modes and failure descriptors/maintainable items is also given for the whole equipment class, 3. Next, the equipment class is split in more narrow taxonomy classes (e.g. centrifugal compressors) and the same tables as indicated above are presented for each of those taxonomy classes. Note that the split into various taxonomy classes may between equipment classes. The guiding rule has been to retain a population of similar design, size, performance and any other characteristics that has been deemed appropriate and at the same time keeping the size of the book within a manageable level. © OREDA.OREDA-2002 55, OREDA-2002 MACHINERY Compressors Inventory description The compressor driver along with auxiliary systems such as lubrication, cooling and start systems for driver are not included within the compressor boundary as shown in Figure 10. Driver units are recorded as separate OREDA inventories (Electric Motor, Gas Turbine or Combustion Engine) and the failures on the driver, if recorded, are recorded separatelyfor each of thos driver categories. A compressor train is considered as one inventory in OREDA. (Each compressor train may consist of up to four compressor stages either as separate units (casings) or integrated in one compressor unit). For compressors with a common lub.oil- and seal oil system, failures are as a general rule assigned to the subunit that is assumed to be the one most affected. Otherwise the failures are assigned to the lub.oi] system. Inlet and outlet valves are not within the boundary. The boundary definition is shown in Figure 10, and the subdivision in Subunits and Maintainable Items are shown in Table 5. eye a: conorEnS ay bounty Figure 10 Compressors, Boundary Definition © OREDAOREDA-2002 56 OREDA-2002 Table 5 Compressors, Subdivision in Maintainable Items COMPRESSOR Control and Lubrication [Shaft seal_—_—| Miscellaneous Monitoring system Isystem Je Gearbox |* Artisurge | instruments |» Reservoir |* Buffer gas |e Base frame + Bearing system Je Cabiing, whheating | S9tem™ |e Cooler le Seals po junction box | system Dry gas seal |e Valves Caecaton |* Cylinder liner | A Pump wheter? Insurers | Magnetic Coupinas |* !stumerts J, Control unit |e Fier J» Overhead tank} bearing control pene | |e Snatseats [F acuing. le Cooler [Reserv | system l» Radial a je Vaves& —|* Scrubber |e Piping bearing — | entering | pining > Pump o Purge ait Je Trust [> ioral power Oi wimotorlgear | Silencers saa supply Je insvumens et > Inerstage > Valves seals je Valves }* Seals }e Seal gas je Vatves & © Seal oil + piping + Piston* Packing J+ Rotor wimpolters {For all subunits the Mls "Unknown and "Subunit" are included.) 4 Reciprocating compressor only © OREDAOREDA-2002 57 List of failure modes AIR BRD ERO ELP ELU FTS STP HIO INL LOO SER NOI OTH OHE PDE UST STD UNK VIB Abnormal instrument reading Breakdown Erratic output External leakage - Process medium External leakage - Utility medium Fail to start on demand Fail to stop on demand High output Internal leakage Low output Minor in-service problems Noise Other Overheating Parameter deviation Spurious stop Structural deficiency Unknown Vibration ‘© OREDA OREDA-2002OREDA-2002 58. OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 1 Machinery [Compressors Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10¢ hours) ‘No of demands 131 8 ‘Calendar time” Operational time * ea4r2 3.8235 2.4253 Failure mode Noof Failure rate (per 10" hours) ‘Active [Repair (manhours) aires | Lower [ Mean | Upper [SD | nh _| reps | Min | Moan | Max critica 595] 000) 166.07] 30.82] aonzs) 15562) 17.8] 05] 28.3) 18180 s9s"| 0.08) 268.58] | 1176.02| 459.51] 245.33 Abnormal instrument reading zt} oof 111] 488) t9] 078] 70] 160] 165] ro at} ooo] 603) aa4i] 12.28) 1.24 Breakdown | oo} 128} 4.17] 5i] 1.31] 615] 255) 367.0] 14810] st} 0.00) 6.20) 34.23) 17.26) 2.06 Eraic out vz] ao} 6 00 2a4i] 12.36) © 3.14322] 30] 568] S000 vt] oof ai] 43.25] 17.34) 4.95 External leakage - Process | ooo} 10.26 © 50.98) 46.43) 11.51] 8a] 0s) 12019700 medum at] ogo} 1248] 5189] 58.15) 18.14 Exerel leakage - Unity medium] 31"! 0.00] 11.80) 58.78} 250e 8.1] 12.6] 10] 236) 12385) ait] oor] 242q] 10590 41.33) 12.79 Faitto stat on demand wz] oi} 2245 1413] 27.10) 1883] 26.3] 1.0) 37.3) 2040) vat) 059] 40.25] 127.61] 4588) 20.69 Fai to stop on demand z} oof 64] 787| 369] 78 © 35] 35] 108] 180 3] 0.00, 280) 15.40) 7.43) 1.24 High output ry} 000, 027) 152] 090) 0.26 To] 140) 140} 1400 at} 000] 04s} 2.42] 1.56]. Internal leakage | ooo} 138) = 751] 374] 1.31] 113.4 20] a4} 3040 st] ooo 269] 1447] 925) 208 Low ouput 1837] 0.00) 39.10] 202.86] 148.47) 40.02} 150] 05| 223] soda] 153] ao] 44.11] 230.34) 187.13) 63:08] Noise x] ooo] ase] 568307] ora] sto) 40) ar] 760 at] 0.00] 186) an] 5af 1.24 omer 4+] coo 1711 862) 369] 105 7010] 223) sa 4] ooo 307] 16.14] 7.30) 1.65 Overheating ss] 0.00, 1703) sai] 6554) 1805] 79] 0.5] 152) 4479 cat] ooo] 20.16) 10443] 1.9] 2845 Parameter deviation 50°} oo} 12.26 63.60) So4e} 1308 155] 05] 205] 2800 sot] oof 1491] 77.84) ara} 20.862 Spurious stop rer] 0.02] 37.34] 15837] 6.97} 32.43} 23.7] 10] 320) 18180 wit] oz} 60.30] 22430] ze] 51.13 Serta deficiency 6] ooo 2291224) seq) 157] 13.4 20) 19.6] 430 et] 000] 30g) 1475] br] 2a Miration ww} oof =a t3.47] Sz] 252] 55] 10) 287] 1009) tot} oro} 454] 1403) Ags}. Degraded sa! 20) 177.75] 733.92] 27874] 142.28] 10.4) 03] 159] 100 saat] 0.95) 267-11] 1031.46] 380.84] 224.30] Abnoxmel instrument reading 1s] 000) 437] 18s] 7.33] 3.92 50] 20) 154) 290 1st} oof 742) 3203] 1242} Gas Evrae ouput 1} oor} 98a] aoe} 52] a7] 172] 20) 207| 960 wet] 00s} 1659] aa] cao 742 Comments (oon @OREDA.OREDA-2002 59 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem | uM Machinery [Compressors Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time inservice (10° hours) No of demands 3 38 Calendar time ™ Operational tne ™ e2a72 38235 2.4283 Failure mode Noof Failure rate (per 10*hours). ‘Rete |__ Repair (nanhours) faiwres| Lower [| Mean | Upper [ SD | nf | repiws | Min_| Mean [Max Enamaleakage “Process 4] 00) taai]—6a.ee) zac 12a] 23] 05] © 8a] 980 medium ast] 001] 2089} 92.26] 36.25) 20.20 Entemelieakage- Utlty medium} 98°] 0.00] 33.63} 16470] 68.95] | 2485] 135) 03] 206] 2180} est} ooo 46.28] 222.39) 9167] 39.17 Fait star on comand x} ooo 0.32] 165] 1.35) 0.26] ©1010], t0 tt] oof oa! = 245] 1.43] oa Fatt stop on mand gs} as} 135] 267/70) 131) 33], 0s} 48) 7 st} cool 21g) 1190) 555) 2.05 High ouput ©] ooo oaa| 42} 151] 1.05] 4a] of 4a] 7 a) oot} 14a] 493] 180) 1.69 Internal eakage az} ooo 34a] 1581 6.29) 3.40] a4] 10) S54] 2160 s3t] ooo} 5.52] 25.75] 104s] 5.36 Low output ros'| oo] 31.61] 17339] 81.21) 2851) oe] 05] 9} 128 vost] oo} 64.65) 344.53] 158.14) 44.08 Minor in-senice problems 2} ool aaa] 181] o67] ose] 20) 20] 20] 2 2] 003] a7 §=— 227] o] oe Noise ‘e} —ooof ose] 358] © 1.33) 105] 74] $0] 260] GA a! on} 14g} 520} 182) 1.65 Ones ex] 005] 2323] 9303) 3490 1778] 23.3] 1.0) 27.7] 4100 est} 0.11] 35.69] 13895] 51.50] 28.04 Overheating 28| ooo] 834 43.22 19.08] 732) aa, 10120] aaa zt] ooo} 11.36] 5456] 22.48) 1154) Parameter devation ror] 000} 41.05} 233.42] 124902799) 39] 03) 6.7] t01.0 voit] ao} 48:02] 265.16] 159.89) 44.12 Sructal deficiency x] cool ai] 1491] 7.02) 183] 44} os} 74170 7 cof 35 1844) a0) 289 Unknown s| ooo} 3.00] 16.47 7.71) 157] 330} 40} 38] G0 et} 000, 770) © 40.20 1799] 247 raion 13| ozo a6] t184] 3:92] 340} a9) 10] 22] 86 a3t] oo} 649) 2070) 748] 530) Incipiont 1064"| 020] 29246] 1237.63] 47601] 27028] 7.4] 03] 120| 961.0 1064] 9.20] 725.38] | 2326.94] 841.71) 438.70] Atnormalinseumentreading | 374°] 002] 106.24] 471.62] 18584] 97.82] 48] 03] 7.1] 1780 grat] ori] 148.96) 626.56] 240.20) 154.27 Era utp 7} oof 286] 12691» 5:35) 183] aoa] 1.0} 30.7] 137.0 it| cool 416) an6a) 76] 2.89) Exzornalieakage- Process 2} 0 ait} 40.04] 1693) 6.02] na] 10) 129] 1159) eciur zat] ooo] t.71] 53.28] 21.23] 9.48 Exceral leakage -Uklty medum] 113°) 0.19) 30:35) 10530] 38.24] 29.55] 123] 03] 219} 3700) inst] a8} 128.20) 44061) 162.36] 46.59) Feito stat on demand 1+} oof 034] 1.87 asa] oze| «40 40] ao] 4 tt] coool 31a} v7.19]— 8660.41) [Comments (cont) © OREDAOREDA-2002 60 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tom u Machinery Compressors Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10" hours) Wo of demands m 8 Calendartime™ ‘Operational time F ear 38235 24253 Failure mode Noof Faire rte (per 10° hours) ‘ative [Repair (menhours] faiures| Lower [Mean | Upper [ SO [n/t reptws | Win | Mean [Max remot eakoge 4] Oogf 1623) 6a) erro asap tof tof a] t8 4st] oot] z26.4q) 050.49) 42ea2] 19.79 Low ouput 1 ooo) 025] 135] 062] 026) §=—-) 20] 20) 1] oof 04g} 223] 107] ost Mica in-service problems ss; 0.00] 6.43) 483.73] 25323] 85.26] 23] 03] 40] 78 zest! ooo) 115.11] 63507] 31964) 1344 Noise | ooo} ae] 7027] 200) 132] 40] 129] x20) et| ood 307] 983] 355] 3.0) ower sr] oot] 1915 27] 322i] 1674] sr] 10] 63.2] gard) cit] 005) 35.52] tase] 403] 26:39 Overheating wor] ooo] 350] 1532) 596] © 262] 122] 20] 224] se rot} oof 652} 305] ra6] 41 Parameter deviaon ax] coo] 11.22 s2salat37} 9.4] 5a] 1.0] 103) saa zat] oor] 16.21] 69.26] 2675) 15857 Smt deteiency 13] oor] 13] 16.78] 6.33] 3.40) 66] 05] 158) saa) rat} 0066.08} 20-16 7.38) 5.36 Unirown 1s] ooo 666] 2847] 3096 © 497] 145] 20] 133] 320) rst] aco 2044] 0837] 7252] 7.83 ization 1x} oof 5.25 17.66] 64a] 4972] 10] 14) Ta) ist} ao 783] 788} 1030 783 Uoknown sx] 003} 2637] 100ge| 4187} 1648] 15608] 235] 2490 at] oq 43.36) 10025] 68.62] 25.04 Jronermatisranentreading | 21° ooo] 7.88] 4g} 2232549] 30] 10a] 60) at) coq] ©1480] ar34) 30.27] se Exemalleakage-Ustiy mesum] — 500) 153) 8.77] 473] 131] zo] 70] 855) 1640 st] ao 293] 166i} 92] 2.08) Low ouput 1] ooo =.) 383] 28] 028 yo] 120] 120} TS ee Noise 1] oo © 0.37] 208] 1.10) 025] 140 1] cof ar} asa} 239] ot tte: 1s] 00) 753] 33:06) 1294 © 392) 160) 20/210) 50) ast] oot] 1279] sas] zing] 8 overteaing ¥] ooo as} 135] 06] 025 ao] ao} 30 oof aso} 223] 107] tt Unrown oo 675] 3173] 1293] ami] 199] 08] 345] 24a oo —91e] 302) 1552] 7.02 icon ooo aso ©— 309] 2.29) 025 ao] ao} 8 oo asa} 47} 330) ot Au modes zass°| 0.39] 656.86] 279597] 107830] 59268] 11] 03) 178] 18180) zest] 1632) 130052) 417573] 1511.11] 93430 Comments on demand probaity fr consequence clas: Coie and fare made: Fat start on demand = 65 10% © OREDAOREDA-2002 61 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, to be continued Item: Compressors AR] eRD | uP [eu [ero [Fis [moO [iM [too [NOL ‘Atuatng device ‘004 [0.00 [000 | 000 | 000 [004 [000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Aniurge syste 022 [000 [oe [ois | 035 [ore [oo« [018 | 0.00 [0.00 Base fame ‘0.00 | 0.00 [000 | o00 [0.00 [0.00 [000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Beating 0.00 | 0.00 [ooo for | 000 | oo« | 000 [0.00 J 0.00 | 000 Bufler gas sysem ‘0.00 | 0.00 000 [004 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000 Cabling & junaion boxes 022 | 0.00 [000 [004 {000 | 009 [000 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 Casing ‘000 [002 [oor [ors | 000 [000 | 000 [0.00 {0.00 | 000 Check valves (000_[-0.00 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 {0.00 Convo! unit oe4 | 0.00 | 000 |-004 | 022 | 053 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 Control isolaing &checkvaves | 004 | 000 | 000 [o13 [000 [000 [000 {ooo [000 | 0.00 Coolers) 0.00 | 0.00 | o00_| 029 | 000 | 000 {000 [ooo [0.00 [0.00 Coupling i dven unit 0.00 | -0.00 | o00_| o24 | 000 | 0.00 [00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Couping to diver 0.00 | 000 {000 [on | o18 {000 [000 [000 [90 0.00 (Cynder iner ‘013 | 0.00 | 194 | 062 | 000 | 004 [000 [004 | 5.78 J 000. Dry gas seat ‘0000.00 000 | 009 | 000 | 000 | 000 [001 | 0.00 | 0.00 Fierls) oa2 [oo [oor [ors | ooo [000 [009 [oo Tos | 000 ‘Gearboxvar dive. 009 [0.00 [000 [015 | 000 [000 [000 [0.00] 0.00 | 009 Trsirument flow 057 | 0.00 | 000 | 009 | 600 | o0¢ | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 | a00. Instument. general ‘ast [0.00 [0.00 | 000 | 000 | a04 [000 [0.00 | 004 [000 Insrumert, evel 207 | 0.00 | 000 | 022 | 000 _| 004 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 000 Inseumert. pressure 407} 0.00 [000 [031 | 009 | 031 | 004 [0.00 | 004 | 000 Insuument, speed 026 [0.00 [000 | 000 | 000 | 0.13 {0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Insrumert, temperature 465 [0.00 [004 | on | os [013 [000 [000 | 004 [0.00 Inscumert, vibration 108 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.11_| 00# [0.00 [000 [00 [0.00 [0.00 Internal piping, 7.02 | 0.00 [0.09 | 0.00_| 000 | a0 | 0.00 {0.00 | 000 | 0.00 internal power Supply 022 | 0.0 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 013 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 marsiage seals 0.00 10.00 [00s [011 | 000 [000 [ooo [008 [004 | 0.00 The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable itemfalure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 62 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued Item: Compressors: AR [ord [ep [eu [ero [As [HO [im | 100 [NOT Libe a 007 | 0.00 | a00 | 009 | 000 [000 [ooo | 000 | a9 {0.00 Lubrication 0.00 [000 [ooo [01 | e00 [000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Monitoring og7 [000 [000 | 000 {0.00 [000 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 On 0.00 [0.00 [000 [026 | 000 | 000 | a0 | 124 | 000 | 000 COiltank wheating stem 020.00 [000 [oor [0.00 o00 [000 | 000 [000 [0.00 Other 018 | 000 [031 [aa | 004 [000 [a0 [000 [022 | 008 (Overhead tank 0.00 | 0.00 foo [aos [000 [000 [000 | 000 | a00 | 0.00 Packing 0.00 [000 f 022 | aoa [000 [000 [a0 | 000 [000 [0.00 Piping 0.00 [0.00 [oo« fas [000 [000 [ooo [000 | 000 [0.00 Piping, pipe Suppor + belows 0.00 0.00 [oie [azz | 000 [000 [000 [00 | 000 | 0.00 Peston(s) 0.00 | 0.02 | 009 | 000 | 009 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 ump winetor 0.00 {000 [a1 | o49 | 000 [013 [ooo [ooo | 122 | 0.00 Pump wimotorgear ‘0.00 [000 [000 [a4 [0.00 [009 [oo [000 [013 [0.18 Purge ait 10.00 {0.00 [0.00 | 09 [0.00 [004 [ovo [000 [000 | 0.00 Radial bearing (0.00 |o04 [0.00 | 00 [0.00 [000 [000 [000 | a00_| 0.00 Reserve wheating system 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ao | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 Rotor w/impoters 10.00 | 000 [0.00 | a00 | 000 {000 [a0 | o00 | 002 | 0.04 ‘Seal gas 0.00 [000 [0.13 | 04 {0.00 {0.00 [000 [000 [000 |-0.00 ‘Seal ol 004 [0.00 [0.00 | 035 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 00% | 0.00 ‘Seals 0.00 {0.00 [009 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 000 | a00 {000 | 004 | 0.00 ‘Shat seals 0.00 | 000 | 009 | 0s3 | 000 {009 [oo {022 | oo1 | 000 Silencers 0.00 {000 | oor {000 | 000 {000 [a0 [ooo | oo | 004 ‘Subunit 018 | 00+ | 009 | oss [009 {os [ooo [oor [06s [0.13 Thus bearing 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 000 {0.00 | 0.00 [o00 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Unknown 066 | 0.03 [0.13 | 1.24 | 000 | os7 | a0 | 088 | 062 | 009 Valves: 066 | 0.00 | 1.24 | 21 [ose | 026 [oo [ors | 221 | 009 Tota! va23 [oz | 512 | 1077 [163 [327 [oz [as [is [on ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable iterfailure mode combination. @ OREDA.OREDA-2002 63 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued Item: Compressors. OHE [oT _| Poe [ser [sto [ste [unk [ust [vie Sum Ackating deve ‘000 | 0.09 [0.00 [000 | 000 | o0¢ f-000 [004 | 0.00 [026 Ariisurge systom ‘000 [042 fon [ors [013 [000 [000 [004 | 0.00 [203 Base fame ‘000 | 0.00 [000 [088 | 013 | 000 | 000 [0.00 | 004 | 1.06, Bearing 000 | 0.04 000 | 004 | 004 | 000 | 000 [001 | 0.00 [0.40 Buffer gas gem 000 [000 | 004 | 000 [000 | 000 | 0.00 [000 [0.00 | 009 Cabling & junction boxes ‘000 [009 [008 [009 [oo | oo [008 [oor [ooo [ort Casing 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 [013 | 000 | 000 [0.00 [000 | o00_[ 038 (Check valves (0.00 | 000 [022 [004 [000 | 000 | 000 [oor [000 [031 Control unit 000 [031 | 040 [009 | 004 [ors [ooe [oss [013 [3.35 Controt,isolaing & check vaves | 000 | 000 | 000 [aos [000 [00 [000 [ooo [ooo | 022 Coolers) (009 [004 [aoe [aor | 000 [000 | 000 [005 [004 | 061 Couping io diven unt 0.00 0.00 [0.00 | a0 | 000 [000 [000 [0.00 | 013 [038 Coupling to aver 0.00] 0.00 | 0.00 | a0 | 000 [0.00 [000 [0.00 | 0.04 [0.33 (Cylinder ner 340 | oo fos? [os1 [022 [oo [026 [013 [018 | 13.68 Dry gas seal ‘0.00 | 0.0+ | 000 | 000 | 004 [000 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.22 Fits) ‘ooo [o3i1_f ose [733 | 000 [000 [04 [015 [0.00 | 895 Gearbouvar sive ‘004 [0.09 [a0 [004 {000 [000 {0.00 [0.00 | 004 [05s Instrument, fo ‘000_|-o09 [ase [004 {000 [000 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 [127 Istumert, general 000 [001 [026 [018 [000 [000 Jo00 [009 [0.00 [7.50 Tnstumert, level ‘000 | oz« fos [022 [000 | 000 | 004 [029 | 0.00 [362 Instrument, pressure ‘000 [ors [075 [020 | 000 [000 | 004 [04s [0.00 | 657 Instument,spoed 000_| 000 [004 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 [0.04 [0.00 [0.49 Insure, omperatre oo3_|o22 [om [029 [000 [000 [000 [057 [009 [7.03 Insrument, ration 000 | 009 }o7 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 [049 {oo [291 Tnteral piping 009 | 004 | 0.00 | 0.26 | 000 | 00 | 000 {000 | o04 [0.55 Imernal powe: supply 0.00 |0.18 [008 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [018 | 00 [0.75 Imerstage seals ‘0.00 [004 [0.00 | 000 [000 [ooo [ooo [00s [00 [0.38 The figures ere percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable item/failure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 64 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued tem: Compressors ‘HE [OTH | POE _[ SER [STO _[ Sie | uNK [UST [vis [Sum Tibe ot 0.00 [0.13 {600 [004 {000 | 000 | 000 | 004 | 000 | 046 Laticaton 10.00 [000 [-0.00 [-090 [-0.00 | 000 [0.00 200 | 0.00 | 011, Moning 000 [022 [035 [0.18 [000 | 000 {0.00 | 09 | 0.00] 1.81 OL 0.00|-009 [-0.00 | 009 [0.00 [000 [009 09 | o.00 | 1.85 ‘Ou ark wheatng system 1000 [022 [000 009 {060 | 000 | 000 | 00 | 0.00 | 0.38 Orne (000 [040 [009-049 { 009 | 000 [057 | 04 | 0.09 | 3.00 ‘Overhead tank 1000-000 [000 {200 [000 | 000 | 000 | 00 | 0.00 | o.04 Packing 001-000 [000 | 004 [-000 | 000 | 000 | 00 [0.00 [07 Ping 000 | 000 [000-020 [009 |-a00 | 00] 10 | 0.00 | 1.34 Pring pipe suppor vbelows | 007 | 009 | 000 [0.22 | 008 { 000 | 000 | 000 | 004 | 086 Pistons) ‘00 [000 000 [000] 000 ooo | o.0¢ | 0.00 |-o.00 [0.24 Pump winter 0.11 | 009 [035 [02 [000 | 00s [0.13 | 09 | 0.08 [3.20 Purp wineroigear 000 |-a44 [000 | 003-000 [aos | 000 | o04 [0.09 [1.50 Purge oi 000 | ao [026 | 013 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 00 [0.00 | 0.53 Racial bearing 001 {000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 004 | 0.00 | 0.10 Reservoir wiheaing system ood | 000 | 00 {-o0« | 000 | 00 [000 [o.oo o00 [0.13 Rotor wi impoters 001 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 00 | 0.09 | 0.00 [0.17 ‘Seal gas 000 | aos | 000 | a0 | 000 | 0.00 | 00 | 0.00 [-0.00[ 022 Seal ol 00 | a09 | 000 | 000-000 | 0.00 | 00 | 00 [008 [os Seals ‘0.00 [0.00 | 000 { 099 | 000 { 000 [0.00 | 000 | a00 | 087 ‘Shoh Seas 000] 009 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | «00 | 0.05 [000 [1.13 Silencers ‘0.00 [090 [000 [ 060 | 000 | 060 [0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 009 Subunit 013 [053 | 009 [022 [000 | 000 | 009 {032 | 003 | 347 Thrust bearing ‘004 [-000 | 000 [000 [000-000 [-0.00 | a00 [0.04 | 0.09 Unknown oa [026 [026 [or [022 | 000 | 013 | 093 | 026 | 750 Valves 022 [137 [192 [1.13 [001 [004 [035 | 029 | 004] 1165 Total 477 {666 | 861] 447 | 115 [035 | 1.90 [547 | 1.90 | 1000 ‘The figures are percentages of the total fallure rate for the actual maintainable itemvailure mode combination, ‘@OREDAOREDA-2002 65 OREDA-2002 Fallure descriptior versus failure mode, to be continued Item: Compressors, aR [rd [a | fu [ero [ris [moO Tit [too TNO! Biockagelpugced 013 | 000 [000 | 009 [004 [000 [000 [ooo [031 [000 Breakage 0.26 | 004 [oo | 009 | 000 | 004 | 0.00 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Burst 004 [0.00 [000 | a0 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 [000 | 0.00 ["0.00. Caviaion ‘004 | 0.00 [000 | 00 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 {0.00 0.00. (Cearancel aigrment faire 013 [0.00 [aoa [026 | 000 [000 [000 [00 | 0.00 | 0.00. Combined causes ‘004 0.00 | a00 [000 [00s [000 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 004 Contamination ‘003 | 0.00 000 [004 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000, ‘Control aiure ‘040 [0.00 [000 [009 | 018 [049 | 0.00 [004 | 004 | 000) Corrosion ‘003 [-o00 | a00 | oo4 | 000 | oos | o.00 [004 | 000 [000 Deformation 009 [0.00 [a00 | 000 {000 {000 | 000 [0.00 | 004 [004 Eanhisolation but ‘aos [000 [00 | 000 {000 [0.00 [000 [0.00 J 0.00 | 0.00 lecical fale general ‘aos [000 [ooo | 00 | ooo | 022 [0.00 [0.00] 0.00 | 0.00 Erosion 0.00 [0.00 [0.04 [000 | 000 {0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 External nuns - general 001 [0.00 | 090 [090 | 000 [000 | 000 [0.00 {0.00 | 0.00 Fatigue e.00 | 000 [000 [009 [000 [000 | 0.00 {0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 Faulty powerhotage ‘a.00 | 000 [a9 [000 [ooo [o0« [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Faulty sigralindicaionlalarm 340 |000 [000 | 000 | 018 | 018 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000, Instrument flue - goneral 627] 000 | 009 [035 [035 [075 | 03 | 004 [062 | 0.00 Leakage 0.04 | 000 | 106 | 415 | 000 [004 | 000 {003 [000 | 0.00 Looseness: 018 | 000 [009 [0.44 [003_[-013_| 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.04 Material favre general 013 | 000 [013 [049 [000 [0.00 [009 0.00 [0.00 [0.04 Mechanical Falure - general oat [009 [31e_| 256 {013 | 035 | oo | 013 [914 | 013, ‘isc, external nivences, ‘018 | 000] 000 [0.09 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 [026 | 0.00 Miscellaneous general. 0.00 | 0.00 [0.90 [0.00 | 000 | a0 {000 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 No cause found 026 | 000 [090 [004 [000 | 004 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 [004 ‘No power volage ‘0.08 | 000] 0.00 |-0.00 [000 | 004 {0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 No signatindicationalarm ‘on _| 000 | 000 [os [ooo [0130.00 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 (Open crcut ‘040_| 000 [008 [0.04 [000 [009 [0.00 [000 [0.00 [0.00 Other 0.00 [004 | 098 | 0.00 | o00 | a1 | 000 [000 | aco | 0.00 Out of adusenent 327 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 026 [022 [000 [004 | 009 [ 0.00. Overneaing 0.00 |-0.00 [013 | 004 | 004 [000 [000 [009 | 0.00 [0.00. ‘Shor ckcuiting. 0.13 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00. ‘Sonware fare 013 | 000 | 0.00 | 00 | 000 [0.00 [000 [0.00] 0.00 [0.00 ‘Sicking 0.18 | 001 [000 | 000 | 004 | 003 [000 [013 | 0.00 [ 0.00, Unknown 053_| a0 | oo« [013 | 000 [026 [000 [000 [07 [0.09 Vireton ost [000 [oo | ora | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 008 [os Wear 0.18 | 0.00 | 009 | 180 | 026 {000 [000 [238 | o40 [0.13 Totat va23 Loz [siz [wom [163 [327 [or Tea [11.65 [on The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorfailure mode combination. @ OREDA.OREDA-2002 66 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, continued tem: Compressors ‘one_[ orm [Pbe [ser [sto [Sip] OK | UST_[ v8 | Sum Blockogepiogged ‘oo tooo |o3_| 022 | 000 | 000 | aoa | oz2 [000 [154 Breakage 00022 | aos [035 | 00+ | 000 [00a | o00 | aos [132 Buss 10.00 | 000 | 060 | -a.00 | 000 | 0.00 [000 | o.00 | 0.00 [a8 Cavtaion ‘00 [oe | coo | o0+ | 00+ | ooo [000 | ooo | 000 [0.18 Clearance! aigamont fue ‘000 [009 | 000 | 00+ | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [000 | 009 [0s Combined causes ‘000 [oot | ooo | 000 | 0.00 | o01 [000 | oo | 000 [022 Contamination ‘oo [022 [009 | 066 | 000 | 000 | 009 | 000 [0.00 [1.24 Conaoifatie 013035 [040 | 009 | 004 | 000 [0.00 | 044 [ooo | 269 Conosion 0.00 [0.13 [001 [035 | 000 | 000 [000 [004 [000 [079 Defomaton 0.00 [000 [001 [009 | 000 | 000 [00 [004 [000 [035 Eentisoaton faut ‘oo [o0e | 000 [000 | o00 | 000 [0.00 oo4 [000 | o18 Elecrieal fie gore! ‘0.04 [0.40 [004-009 [000 | aos [oo] ors [0.00 [1.06 Erosion ‘000 | 004 [0.00 [000 [000 000 [009 [000 [0.00_[ 0x8 Extemal uence genera 000 [022 [013 [000 | 000 | oon | 000 om | 000 | 0.44 Fauque ‘000 [000 [000 [000-00 | 000 | 0.00 [ooo [0.00 | 009 Feuly powerhvoiage ‘0.00 [009 [ 000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [ooo [00 | os Feuty sgnaindcator/alorm ‘004 [0.04 [0.00 [004 [000 | 000 | 000 [oes fons [ 446 Tnsrument ore = gonerat ‘oz oa [419 [1.10 {004 [013 | 000 [128 [004 [1606 Leakage ope [ose [013] o18 [000 | 0 | 0.00 [009 [ooo [644 Looseness ood | 00 | ooo | azz [000 | 00 [0.00 [000 [009132 Maral fale —goneal ‘0.00004 [000] 026 [018 | 000 | 013 [013 [000 [185 Mecharical Faure - general 357 [oor [154 [a3_[on [oo [oa [on [oss [33.98 Msc. extra nieces ‘aoa [oor [013 [013] 000 | 000 | 004 [009 [009 [7.10 Mescoleneous-gonerl ‘ao0[022 | 000 | 0+ [000 | 00 [004 [000 | 0.00 [0.35 No cause found ‘000.13 | o01 | 00 [000 | 000 [000 [ox | 001 [079 No power vologe ‘0.00 [000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | ooo [000 [009 | 000 [oe No signalingicatn/aiarm 0.00 0.13 {000 | a0 [000 | o00 | 00 [0.00 | 0.00 [1.02 (Open cut ‘000 [090 [040 [018 [000 [ao [009 [or3_[ 000 [an Other ‘00a [oss [oor [053 [000 [oo [0.13 [009 [000 [141 Os of sms ‘008 [040 [035 | 000 [000 [oo [000 [ozs [ors [5.12 Overheating 018 009 [013 | 000 | 00 [000 | 00« [026 000 [093 Shor oruiing 00 [000 | 00 | 000 | ao [000 | 000 [009 [000 [022 Sotware fare oo} 000 | 031 | 000 | ooo [0.0 [000 [000 [000 [04a Sticking ooo[o3t | 000 {018 [000 | 004 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 7.02 Unknow 018 [ost | 009 [009 [oo [oo [057 | 0.26 [000 _[ 335, Vibroton ooo [000 [ots [ore [oor foo | 000 [os [oa [181 Wear 000 [044 | 000 | 009 | 000 | 00 | 000 [ooo [026 [58 Taal an] 666 | 661] 1447 115 [035 | 1.90 [sar [190_[ 1000 The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorfailure mode combination, © OREDAOREDA-2002 67 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem | aa Machinery Compressors Ceortfugat Population | Installations “Aggregated time in service (10 hours) No of demands 6 8 Calendar time" ‘Operational imo? 720 1.9867 13303 Failure mode Noof Failure rato (per 10° hours). ‘Rative [__ Repair (manhours) faiures | Lower [ Mean | Upper_[ SD | of | reps [ Min | Mean [Max Critical vagr] 5.49] 733i 20881] 6858 7500] 525] 10 79.8] 18160] uot] 1488) 181.63] 509.83) 166.51] 11200] Abnoma insrument reading z| ooo 121] ai} 185) 0x25] 170} 17.070) 2! 005} 1203] 45.57] 1680) 1.50 Breakdown 3} coo 167] 8.49) 3.66) 151] 65] 255] 5180} Br) st] 0.00 13.85] 61.25] 2409] 2.28 Erte output 6] ooo] 3.40) 17.29] © 7.46) 3.02 sta] 30/1025} 5800 et] ooo] 518] 25.44] 10.70) 4.51 External leakage Process 2| coo} 1.24 © 90] 356101] as0o] 20] 99.5] 1970) medium 2t{ o.oo] 159] ats] 3.53] 1.50 External leakage -Usitymesim! 8°} 0.04492] 16.83] 620] 4031352) 1.0] 464] 1235 at} o2i] 3008} 10362] 38.19] 0 Fait star on dena 43] 0st] 2587| 79.50] 27.87] 2465) 289] 10/440} 704) at] 153] 41.89] 126.56] 43.22] 36.88] Failte sop on denand 1} oof ase] 3.61] 169]. tt} oof 125) gai] ase} 075 High ug 1} ooo} 047] 262} 131] 050] 70] 140] 140] 140 it] 0.00) 076) = 427] 220) 075 Internat eakage s} ooo} 321] 17.65] 832) 252 1134] 20] 171.4] 3040 st} ooo 645] 33.73] 1513) 3.78 Low ouput z] ooo} 1246.90] 356 1.01] zt} ia0] 715] 9640 2! oof 159) as] 353) 1.59 Orher z| 0 130) «= 87] 22101 | 590] s90] 50) al ol 206, 932) 371) 1.50) Overheating 1} ooo 0.47] 262] 131] oso] 223.0] 447.0] 447.0} 4470) wo 076 © 427) 2260.75] Parameter devieton z] oi os} 380] 145) 101], 4o] do], os a] oi 139 = 5.73] 2.15) 150) Spurcus sop cor] 0.10) 2338] 8828) 3256 3020] 39.8] 10 47.4) 8180) sot] 019) 4402} 16494) Gor] 45.10 Viraton s| ao] 284 1053] 389) 252] 130] 21.0} 57.3] 1000) st] 0.16) ani] 240) 4223.76 Degraded z0v'| 1058] 11420) 313.45) 10137] 10520) 194] 05] 237) 4100) 2ogt| 15.47) 17403] 48145] 156.19} 157.11 Abnormal insturet reading 14] aoa 7.26 © 26.24) 9.70] 7.05] 50] 20164) vt] 00s) 1225] 45.27| 16.72] 1082 rate ouput s| oof 2101059454) 252) 121] 40] 186] 350 st 0.00] 345] 17.98) Bao 3.76 External leakage Process z| 00s] 90] 3825] 1414] t007} 37] 05} 13.6 88 medium zot] aoe] sti 5767| 21.25] 15.093] (Comments (con @OREDAOREDA-2002 68 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem aaa Machinery Compressors Conttugl Population | nstalations “Agoregated tine in service (10° hours) No of demands 65 18 Calendar ime Operational time T m9 1.9867 1.3308 Failure mode Noof Faire rate (per 1 hours). “Relive | Repair (wanhours) ti Lower [Mean | Upper [ SD | nit_| reps | Min | Mean [Max aa] 3204) 101.63] 3655 2970) 24] -—«20] 24a 2180] 063) ane] 15565] 56.23] 44.35 Excernal leakage ~Uilty medium Failto stop on demand coo] 158 sta] 365,151] a5} 70] 70h 70 coo] 248] 13.72] 699] 2.26 High ouput coo] 185] ase] © 3.4) 201] 47] 30] aut 70 coi] 268} 0.00} 369] 3.01 Ieternl ieakage ooo] 471] 2180] 8.86] 5.03] 546] 20] 63.1] 260 ooo] 7.7] 3694] 15.15) 7.82 Low ouput oz 677] 2041] 693] S54] Bo], 20] 141] S00 os} v0.75] 3654 13.44) 27 Minor in-service problems ooo] —og4] 4.23] tse] 1.01], 20], 20}, 2.0) oo 136) «= 5.33] 1g] 1.50 Noise oo] 136) = 492] na] 151] 182] 50] 29.7] to oo] 208] 7.78) 28] 2.28 lotner 32] 3429) 11348) 41.52} 2019] 285] 1.0] 27.3) 100 0.45| 50.08] 166.62) 61.04) 43.60 Overeating org} — 1.93] 240] a7] 1.01] 130) 260) 260} 260 0.00] 1.76 7.26) 281] 1.50 Parameter deviation 090] 474 19.87] 760] 453] 38] 20] Ba} 00s = 6.78, 2431] ase] 6.7 eran 013] 5.42} 16.66] 584) 4.53] 187] 60] | 30.3] oor} — 866] 29.42) 1082) 6.77 6.87] 241.98] 737.40) 255.64) 250.68] 98) 03] 18.3] S310 107.97| 102864] 274861) 875.96) 374.35) 199] 92,14] 29751] 10793] 105211 53) 10] 78] 730) 3.50] 143.25] 439.58) 153.79) 158.61 0, 2g] 14g] 638) 252) 29] 1.0] eo} 1370 0.00] 3469] 16.76] 667] 3.76 0.0 1.79 «= 985] 487] 1.01] 58] 20] 55] ooo 21] 1.70) 54) 1.50 052} 41g] 13490) 4086) 43.29) 139) 0.3] 255) 3700 2101] 24221] 673.13) 21883) 64.65 Incipient Abnormal instument reading Erratic output External leakage - Process recium External leakage -Usity medium] Fallo tar on demens rr] 000] ogi} 3s} ai} 50] 40} 40] a] it} 0.00] 603] zagi] si} 075} Irtomal leakage 4s} ooo] 3359) 177.09] 12069] 24.16] ~=— 9], 10} 30155) aet| 431] 47662] 1583.00) 57967) 36.08 Low output rr] 0.00} 04s} 2.17] og} 050] 20). 220) e220 | we Col Ce) ey) | Gd Minorin-serice problems | -«89/ 0.03] 2967] | 12239] 46.47] 2970] 56) 1.0] 8.0780 sot] ozs] 5799] 21615] 79.79) 44.35 (Comments {cont @OREDAOREDA-2002 69 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem aaa Machinery Compressors Conartuga Population | Installations “Aggregated time in service (10° hours) No of demands 65 8 Calendar time * Operational time T 720 1.9967 1.3303 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 10° hours). ‘Rative |__ Repair (manhours) {failures | Lower Upper [ SD | nit_| rephrs | Min [ Mean | Max Noise ¢] cov} 185} S58)—staq)_—s2o]S a] | «TT a} a73] 290] 624) 1.75] 3.0 omer sr} coo] 2258] 10052] s9.67} 2567} 405] 10] 39.4] 5310} sit] 0.02} 39.09] 168.03] 65.03] 3834! Overheating 2] ooof = 142} 6.75] 27] 1.01] ws], 20} S00) sa 2} ool 5.83] 28.75] 1215) 1.50 Parameter deviaton 12] 0.00, 6.42} 3056] 1254604], 2a 20] 197) saa rat] 0.00} 10.05] 4a.10] 1978) 9.02 Structural decency s| 0.00] 264 11.68] 458] 252] 133] 40} 300) a st} 0.00] 3.98] 16.42] 623) 3.76 Unknown Z| 0.02} 109) 34a] 123] 1.01 40] sof 60 at} 030, 155] 386i] 1.05) 1.50 ibraton x] ox} 5216.12] 56 453] 2.7) 10} 20] 90 st] 0.02} 9.33] 3669] 13.66) 8.77 0.22] 43.16 155.79] 5757] 2265] 23:1] 1.0] 280] 2400) 0.28] 63.76 238.49) 8.02, 33.83 0.00] 18.20] 9230) 3271) 1057] 30) 10] i]t 0.00] 30.25 13620) 5409) 15.79 00, 2a] 15.13) 671) 252] 7.0) 7.0) 85.5] 1640 0, 5.352790] 1245) 3.76 Unknown | Aboormal instrument reacing External leakage Utity mexium| Low ct oo 134743) an) 050 20] ro] 120) dof 158} wee) 4ac) 05 Nose 0] 06a} an] 43] 05o] 140 | 0.00) 1.25] 691 3.82} 0.75} | ter 003] si] anes) 126s] 65e] reo] 20} 232) 1050 oo wr} 6233) 301] 97 | | Overheating 0.00} 0.45} 247] 0.90} 0.50} 3.0] 3.0) 3.0] oo oss] 88] nae] 05 Urkoonn oo ix a7] 104) 10] cao} 0] 1260) 200d oo} te asi] 63] 150 eran oof 194 roi] sto] 0 so] 90] ad ooo 215} ia] ban] 075 An modes sor} 173 7400) sr7s6a] 3504} sass] 195] 03] 283] 01a sort] 269.12} 1465.59] 3449.98] 1024.16] 677.29] Commons On demend probably for consequence class: Citcal and fare mode: Fall to stat on demand = 56103 @ OREDAOREDA- 2002 70 OREDA-2002 Maintainable Item versus failure mode, to be continued Hem: Compressors - Centrifugal AR [Rd [ep] fu [ERO [AIS | WO [im | 100 [NOL ‘Aeuating device ‘or | 0.00 [009 [000 | 000 [on | 000 | 000 | o00 [0.00 Artisurge system 055 | 000 fon [oss | ose [oe [oi [oa [000 | 0.00 Bearing (0.00 [0.00 [000 | 000 | ooo [or [000 [000 | 000 [0.00 Butler gas system (000 [0.00 [000 [on | 000 [000 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 Cabling & junction boxes ‘on [oo [oo [on [ooo [022 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 Casing ‘000 | 000 | 011 | 044 {000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 ‘Corarol it 111-000 | 000 [0.11 | 0.22 [100 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 Control. isolating &checkvawes [0.11 | 000 [000 [033 [000 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 {0.00 Coolers) 0.00 [0.00 [000 | 022 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 Couping to driven unit ‘0.00 [0.00 | 000 | asi | 000 [000 [000 | 000 | o00 | 0.00 Coupling to ariver 10.00 | 0.00 000] 0.17 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 [000 | 0.00 Cylinder iner 10.00 | 0.00 000 | 00 | 000 [or [000 [000 | a00 | 0.00 Dry gas seal (0.00 | 0.00 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [01 [000 | 0.00 Fite) 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [or {000 [ooo [oz Ton [oss [000 Gearboxlvar.crive (022 | 000_[ 000 [039 {000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [022 Insure flow 087 | 000 | 000 | 022 { 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [0.00 Instrument, generat 055 | 000 | 000 | 090 {000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 000 _[ 0.00 Tnstumert ovo 466 | 0.00 | 000 | 044 {000 | 000 | 000 [01 [000 {0.00 Instrument, pressure 570 | 0.00 [000 | 033 | 02 [ore [om [oo [on 000 Instrument. speed 044-000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [033 [000 | 000 [000 [0.00 Insrument temperate 631] 0.00 | 000] 028 | 022 | 000 | oo | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Instumet, vibration 1.66 | 0.00 | 000 | 028 | 011 | 000 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 Internal piping 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 | ooo [000 | a00_| 0.00 Internal power supply — ‘044 | 0.00 000 | 0.00 | 000 [022 [000 [000 | 000 | 0.00 Tmterstage seals ‘o00 [ooo [022 [on [ooo [oc [ooo [ou [cos [000 “The figures are percentages of the total fallure rate for the actual maintainable item/failure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 71 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued tem: Compressors - Centrifugal AR | eRO [ep [ew [ero [ris [wo [im [100 [Nor abe a 0.17 [000 | 0.00 | 0.22 {0.00 | 000 [0.00 {0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Lubriaton 0.00_|- 000 | 0.00 [0.28 [0.00 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 Monitoring 1.78] 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [70.00 [000 [0.00 [0.00 on 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | oss | 0.00 [0.00 [000 [3.11 | 0.00 [0.00 iltank wheatng sys 0.06 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.11 | 000 [000 | 000 | 00 | 0.00 | 0.00. ter 033 [00001 | 067 | 000 | 000 [000 | 000 | 022 [0.11 ‘Overhead tank ‘0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.17 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 ["o.00. Packing 0.00 |-0.00 [000 | 011 {000 {0.00 [000 [0.00] 0.00 | 0.00 Ping ‘0.00 | 0.007 [ooo | 085 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [000 [0.00 [0.00 Piping, pipe apport + belows 0.00 | 0.00 [033 | 033 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 000 000. Pump wimotor 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | oo 000 [oz2 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [000 Pump winetorgoar 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [1.00 | 000 [oze | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [044 Purge ai ‘000 [oo [000 [or | ooo | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000 Radial bearing — 000 [or | 000 [000 {0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 Reservoir wheating system ‘000 | 000 [000 [on {000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000. Rotor w!impotors (0.00 [0.00 [000 [0.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.05 [0.00 Seal gas 000 [000 [033 [on | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Seal ot o1_| 000_[ 000 [089 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [0.11 [0.00 Seals 000 | 000 ]o11 [078 [000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [7000 [0.00 [0.00 ‘Sha sea 0.00 [000 [on ]o22 [000 | oz [on [oss | oo« | 000 Subunit 022 | 000 [0.00 | 0.78 | 000 | 033 | 000 [000 [ o04 | 0.00 Theust bearing 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Unknown 146 [0.22 _[000_| 277 | 000 [1.00 [000 [222 [044 [0.00 Valves: 055 | 000 | 122 | 233 [on {oz [ooo [oz [oz [or Total 2152 | 033 | 266 [1754 [178 [555 [oss [60 | 1665 [089 The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable itemailure mode combination. @ OREDAOREDA-2002 72 OREDA-2002 item versus failure mode, continued Item: Compressors - Centrifugal OHE [orm | Poe_[ ser [smo [sip [unk [ust [ve [Sum Acwatng device 000 0.22 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [ooo [or [000 [05s Antsurge system 000 | 105 [o28 [oa | 033 [oo [ooo [or [00 [5.11 Beating 000 | on {ooo [01 | 000 | 000 [ooo [011 [000 [04s Buller gas sytem 0.00 | 0.00 [011 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 [000 [000 [000 | 022 Cabling & junction bores 0.00 | 0.00 {000 [a1 | 00 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 000 [oss Casing 0.00] -0.00 000 [011 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 067 Control unit 0.00 [067 | 000 [022 | 000 | oz2 [on [ov [oz | 466 Conrot; isolating & check vaves [000 | 0.00 | 090 | 011 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 | o.00 [055 Cookers} on} 000 [000 [oi | 000 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 | 000 | 04s ‘Coupling to driven unit ‘000 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [ooo [000 [033 | 094 ‘Coupling to driver ‘000 | 0.00 000 ]000 | 0.00 | 000 | a0 [00 [000 | 0.17 Cylinder ines 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 [000 [00 | o00 | 0.11 Dry gas seal ‘000 [0.11 {000 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [000 | 000 [022 Fiter() ‘o0o_[osr fos [22 [000 [ooo Toit [02 [000 | 3.44 Gearboxlvar drive ‘on or foo [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [ooo fou [a7 Instumen, ow 000 | oze—fo1 [on | 000 | 000 [000 | 000 [ooo [1.54 Insrument general ‘00 [oa] 000 [on | 000 [000 [ooo [on | ooo | 089 Instrument evel 00 [os [07s [oz | 000 | o0o [om [os [000 [755 Instrument, pressure ‘000 [oat [00 [017 | 000 [000 [on [03s [000 [31 Instrument, spood ‘000_| 000 [a00 [000 {000 [eco [000 [on [000 [089 Insrument temperature 000 [04a [azz [os | 000 | 000 | 000 [033 [oi [ass Tnscument bration ‘000 [om [01] 000 [000 [ooo [000 [an [oe [416 Internal piping 0.00 | o.1r_| 000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 [0.00 [0.00 | 000 [0.1 Internal power suppl 0.00 [o4s [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [7000 [033 [ooo [144 Interstage seas 090 [on [ooo | aco | 000 [000 [oo [oo [ooo | 066 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable itervfailure mode combination. @OREDAOREDA-2002 73 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued Item: Compressors - Centrifugal ONE | OTH [Poe [ser [sto [ste [unk [ust [vie] sum Lube oil ooo [033 | oo [on [000 [000 [000 [on | ooo [aos Lutvication| ‘000 [0.00 [000 | ooo [000 | 000 [000 | 000 _| 0.00 [0.28 Monitoring | ‘ooo fos [0.00 [000 [000 | 000 | 000 [022 | ooo [244 OW ‘ooo fos [000 [000 [ooo |'o00 [ooo [000 | 0.00 [3.77 ‘Oitank whheaing system ‘000 [055 [000 | 022 [000 | ooo [ooo [000 | 0.00 [0.94 Other 000 [022 [oo [on {oo [ooo [oo fon [on [200 ‘Overhead tanc ‘0.00 [000 [000 {000 [ooo [000 | 0.00 | 00 _{ 000 | 0.11 Packing ‘004 [000 [000 [000 [000 [000 | 000 | o00 [000 | 0.15 Piping ‘0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 [000 [ooo [0.00 [000 | 058 Piping, pipe support + bellows ‘000 [022 [oo [on [00 [ooo | 000 | 00 [000 [1.00 Pump wirotor coo fon [ooo | om [oo [000 [oo [oir for [iss Pump wimoto%gear ooo [1.11 [000 [oz [oo for [ooo fom [oz | 344 Purge air ‘0.00 {0.00 [000 |a00 | 000 [0.00 | ooo [000 [ooo [011 Radial bearing CO NN A A Reservoir wheating system 0.00 {0.00 [000 | 011 [000 000 {ooo [000 _| 0.00 [azz Rotor wi impaiers ‘004 {0.00 [000 | 000 [000 {0.00 [0.00 0.00 | 0.00 | a08 Seal gas 000 [on | 000 | ooo [000 {000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [055 Seal oi ‘ooo {oz [000 | coo | ooo | o00 | 000 [000 | o11_[ 44 Seals 000 [0.00 {0.00 [000 [000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [000 [089 Shaft seals ‘000 [022 {0.00 [000 | 000 | 000 [000 [004 [ooo | 1.52 ‘Subunit ‘ooo [100 | o00 [or [ooo | ooo [ooo [ois [oi [27a Thrust bearing 011 {000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 [000 | 000 [000 [on | 022 Unknown, o2 [033 [000 |o7 |o2 [ooo [oo [in [033 [11.10 Valves 00 [322 [oso | 122 [ooo [on [ooo [039 [000 | 10.43 Tol oer [13.76 [255 [67 [oss Joss [oa [666 [266 | i000 ‘The figures ere percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable iternfailure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 74 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, to be continued tem: Compressors - Centrifugal AR] eRD [ep [eu [ERO [ris [WO [im [100 [NOL Blockagelplugged 022 | 000 [000 |on {000 | 000 | 000 [00 [067 [00 Breakage oat | o.1_[ 000 | 022 [000 [or | o00 [000 | 0.00 {0.00 Burst ‘0.11 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Clearancel alignment aiure ‘022 | 000 [011 | 033 [000 [000 [000 [000 | a00 [0.00 Combined causes, ‘0.11 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 ‘Contamination ‘022 {000 | 000 [on [000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00] 0.00 [0.00 Control faire 1.00 | 0.00 [ooo [022 | 033 055 [000 [01 | 000 | 0.00 Corrosion on] 0.00 [000 011 [000 | on [000 [on J 0.00 [70.00 Deformation ‘022 {0.00 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [ooo [ooo [om | 000 Ezntisolation faut 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 000 [000 [00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 Electrical flue - general (0.00 0.00 000 | 000 | 000 [044 | 0.00 | 000 [000 | 0.00 Erosion 0.00 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Fatigue. 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [022 | 000 {000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [0.00 Fauty powerhvotage: 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | a00 {000 [on [000 [000 | 00 | 0.00 Faulty sgnalindication/alarm 310 | 000 | 000 | 000 [04s | 04a [000 [000 [000 | 0.00 Instrument false - general ‘4m [000 [000 [022 [033 [in [022 [000 [000 | 0.00 Leakage on [oo [189 [299 [000 | 000 | 000 [022 [000 | 0.00 Looseness 044 [0.00 [0.11 | 089 | 000 | 033 | 000 [000 [000 [0.1 Matera fare general (033 [000 [022 [078 {000 | 000 [022 {000 [000 | 0.00 ‘Mechanical Falure - general 022 [on [oo [1s [oo for [on Jo [oss [033 ‘Mis. external influences 000 [000 [oo [on [000 | 0.00 [000 [000 [on {0.00 ‘Miscellaneous - general (0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [000 [0.11 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 No couse found 067 | 000 [000 ]o1 | 000 | 011 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 No power! volage ‘011 [090 | 000 | 000 | 000 [on {000 [000 | 0.00 | o.00 No signaleicaton/alarm 144 [0.00 [000 | a1 | 000 [033 [000 [000 | 000 [0.00 Open crcut 44 {0.00 [000 [000 | 000 | 022 [000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Other (0.00 | 0.00 0.1 | a0 | 000 [on | a0 [000 | 000 | 0.00 Out of agusiment 688 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 055 [033 [oo [om [oz | 000 Overheating 0.00 [000 [on | a00 | 000 {000 [000 [000 | 000 | 0.00 ‘Sticking, 044 [or [a0 [000 [on {022 [oo [033 [a0 [0.00 Unknown 078 [0.00 [000 [022 | 000 {000 [000 [0.00 | 000 {0.00 Vibration 033 | 0.00 [000 [022 [000 | 000 [oo [00 | a00 | 0.33 Wear o44 [0.00 fon [3.11 | 000 [000 | 000 [sas [oz [01 ovat arse Loss| 266 [1754 [1.78 [555 [oss [69 | 166 | 089 ‘The figures are percentages of the total fallure rate for the actual failure descriptorfailure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 75 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, continued Item: Compressors - Centrifugal HE [OTH | POE [SER [STD [sie] unk [ust [vie] Sum Blockagepugged ‘ooo [on [oz [oss [000 | oo | 000 [033 [ooo [2it Breakage ooo | 055 fon [os [on ooo [on [000 [000 [222 Burst ‘0.00 | 0.00 {000 [000 [000 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 [000 [on Clearancel alignment faire ‘0.00 [022 [000 fon {000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [022 [122 Combined causes. ‘000 10.00 | 000 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [on (Contamination on | oss [or] 122 | 000 {000 [000 [0.00 | 000 [72.22 Convo failure 022 | 0.83 | 067 | 000 | 0.00 [000 [000 [067 | 0.00 | 466 Corrosion 0.00 [0.33 [ 000 [055 | 000 [0.00 [000 [0.00 | 000 [77.33 Delormaton 0.00 [0.0 [0.1 | o22 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 0.00 [067 Eartlisclaton faut 000 [on {000 | a0 | 000 [000 [000 [on | 0.00 | 022 Elecical fale - general ‘on [ora foo] a1 | oo [on | ooo [02 | 000 | 1.75 Erosion 000 [011 [000 | a00 | 000 [000 [000 [0.00] 0.00 [0.11 Fatigue ‘0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [a0 [0.00 [0.00 | 000 [0.00] 0.00 [022 Fauty powerlolage 0.00 [-02e [0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | 000 [033 Fauly signalincicaton/alarm on [ono fai | 000 [000 [0.00 [1.00 [033 | 10.465 Instument fare - general ‘000 [oss [022 | os7 | 000 | 000 | 000 [755 | 000 [932 Leakage ‘ooo [i502 [oi | 000 | 000 [000 [on [0.00 [13.21 Looseness ‘000 [on | o00 [oa [000 {000 [000 [0.00 [0.22 [2.66 Material faire -goneral ‘000 [000 [a0 [oss [033 | 000 [000 [033 [0.00 [2.77 Mechanica Faure - general ‘000 [178 fon [os [on | ooo | 00 [022 | 022 | 666 Misc. external inivences ‘000 [or [a0 [or | 000 | 000 | 000 [on [000 [oss Miscellaneous - general ‘000 [orf a00 fo | 000 [0.00 [000 [0.00] 0.00 [0.33 No cause found 000 [033 fon [oo [000 {000 | 000 [044 [011] 189 No power! votage: ‘000 | 0.00 [000 [000 {000 [0.00 [000 [0.22 [0.00 [0.44 No signalinlcalon/torm ‘000 [033 | a00 [000 [000 [000 J-0.00 [0.00 [000 [2.22 Open circuit 000 [0.00 000 [022 | 000 [on [on oze [oo [133 Other on_f 1.00 fon fon [oo [oo fon fon [000 [778 Qu of agjstrent ‘ooo [1.00 | 04 [000 [000 {000 [000 033 [0.33 [1021 Overheating ooo fon [on {000 [oco [000 [000 [70.00 [o00_[0.33 ‘Sécking ‘ooo [o7e [000 [033 [oc fo [000 [0.00 [000 [2.44 Unknown ‘000 [0.78 [0.00 [0.00 [000 foi [om {033 [000 [233 Viration 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 0.90 | 0.00 | a00 | 000 [033 [ore [2.00 Wear ‘ooo | 1.00 [000 | 022 [000 [000 | -o00 [0.00 [044 [11.54 Total os? | 1376 [255 [67 [oss [oa [oss [605 [266 [1000 ‘The figures ere percentages of the total failure rate for the actuat failure descriptorifalure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 76 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item aad Mactinery [Compressors Corttugl Electric oven Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hours) Wo of demands 34 9 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 3751 1.1508 0.8560 Failure moc Noof Failure rato (por 10° hours) ‘hatve |__ Repair (wanhours) faiures | Lower | Mean | Upper | SD_[ n/t _| ropivs | Win_[ Mean | Max (Critical #3] 065 0037] 27040) 9939) 7.37| seal 10/9] 18180 aot} 09] 11356) gaz.at] 140.42) 10397] Eric opt 4] oo aad 2113] 9.74 3.4848) 3.0] 1495] se0d| a] oi 625] 305] 15.03] 467 External leakage - Process Zz) ol 230] 4.71] 508] 174) 60] 20) as} 970) medium 2] ooof 2661283 Sq] 234 Extemalleskage-Uity medium] 1"! 0.00} gi] 40n} 169] a7] 123.5] 1235] 1235) 12365) at] oof ttf Sn] 2.28) 1.17 Fai to stat on demands sor] 0.1] 25466 ©9628] 35.53] 2608) 347/10] 430] 7040) a 30] 16] 35.03} 130.39] 48.14) 35.05] High our +} co oi} 263] 0.87] or] 70] 140} 40} 40 atl ooo 1.35] 554) 210) 1.17 Interaleekage | ooo] arr] 2503] 11.45) 348| 141.5] 91.0] 2138] 3040) st] ooo] 527] 2798] 281] 467 Low output 2} ooo} == 23) 1.71] 508] 1.74] Gang} 190] 791.5] 96a0) 2| o.oo] 286 = 1283] 5.30] 2.4 ter 1} oof 124 gs} s8} sao] sao] sa tt] oof tsa} z.17] ge} 1.17 Overneaing 1} oo9f ost] 263] 087] 087] 2230] 447.0] 447.0) 4470 st] ooof 135) 554) 2h 1.7 Parameter deviation +} oof oi} 401] 169) a7] 4] 40] a0] a at} oof vig sai} 22a) 1.17 Spurious top ar] 025 3699) 12749] 4699] 3564) 59] 10] ott) 18180) ait} a4] 5536] 168.85] 69.51] 4790) Viaton 1} ooo} 1102] 34) 167] 087] 130] 210] © 210) 21.) a] 00s) 1.2} 3.53) a7} 1.7] Degraded 102| 3103] 11539] 243.48) 67.28] 867] 175/05 ara] soot] aa.oe) 15133] 301.60 7967] 119.15 Abnormal instrument reading z| ooo 260. 13.39] 5.83) 1.74 140] 40} 140) at! oof 53] 26.32) 11.07) 234 Erratic ouput +} oo] 394 21.13] 9.74) 34s] t.af 100] 22a} 3s) at} ooo} 625] 33.05 1503] 4.67 Extorna leakage - Process r| an] 640, 1527] 457] 60932] 0s) a] medium 7t| o36] agi] 26.78 9.05 a External leakage -Uity medium] 26°] 3.12 29.44] 78.45] 2497| 2260] 108] 20] 204) at 2st] 569] 3498) 84.96] 25.72) 3037] Feito stop on demand z] ol 17) 790] 31] t7e]— as 0] 7070) 2{ oof 235] 1135] a6} 2 high ouput +} ose) 266 6.10] 179) 261] 4], 30] 4]. 3 oo] a1) vz] 475350 (Comments {core @OREDAOREDA-2002 77 OREDA-2002 [Taxonomy no tem Aaa Machinery Compressors Ceratugal Electric driven Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10¢ hours) No of demands Fr 9 Calendar time * Operational time F 3751 1.1503 0.8560 Failure mode ‘No of Failure rate (per 10° hours), Repair (manhours) {faitures | Lower | Mean | Upper [ SD. Min_[ Mean [Max Internal leakage Be] ooof 7.25] 35.34 1475) 20/69] 2160) st) o.oo} 10.77] 53.17] 22.48} Low output 6| cos 5.61] 1903] 7.00) 20] 56] 150 st] 046} 701] 2033] 673) Minor in-service problems z| oor} 1.85) zi} 2.29) 20/20) 20 ale 002) 215) 22795) 2 Nose 3] 0.02} 243} 8.3] 306) 263] 182] 50] 297) Ba Fy Other 25} 2.22] 34.86] 101.62) 33.65] 21.73] 30.3) 40} 36.3] 410. ast] 346] 45.26] © 12852] 42.16) 29.20) Parameter deviation | 0.03] 8.01} 28.34] 10.47] 6.95] 2.8) 20] 69] 8.) at] 0.03] 10.19} 34.29) 12.60] 9.35} Vieration | oro 7.88] 25.30) 9.16] 522] 18.7) G0) 34.3960} et] 006] rif ana] 15.45 7.01 Incipiont 269"| 14.94] 266.41] 788.37] 262.32} 233.86] 10.5] 0.3] 136] 531.0) 2got| 14:30) 366.15] 1103.28) 37472] 314.24 Abnormal instument reading 14g} 7.60] 141.51] 42076 140.20 12953] 56] 1.0/7.4) 730) vat] 11.50) 192,98] 567.07) 188.29) 174.06| Errate output 3] 000) 234] to.94 44a] 261} 9.0} 10) go 160} 3t] 0.03] 3.03] 9.86) 359) 3.50 External leakage - Process 1] 000} oar] «= 401} 1.69)o.B7}_ 20) 20) 20] 20 medium at] oo) 1.10) sat} 2281.17 Exernalteakage -Utity medium] 25° 0.47] 23.96] 7442) 26.35] 21.73] 66] 0.3] 9.3) 40.0) ast] 064) 31.89] 98.89] 34.98] 29.20) Internal leakege 1] oo8} ogi] 263] os7] 087] 20} 40} ao], tt ooo) 1.35], 854) 2.10) 1.17 Minor inservice problems sr] 030) 3874) 131.48] 48.36] 32.17] 48) 10) 73] 720 ar] 024) 2.47} 194.97] 71.99] 43,22| Noise ty CE eel] Cee ee a at) oat} 437] 11.97) 3.87] 4.67] tree ur] ort] 38.98) 153.01] S691] 29.56) 45.3] 1.0] 498] 531.0 aa] 0.19} 59.26) 230.24) 85.26] 39.72] Parameter devaion 3] 0.00) 483] 2066) 7.99] 2.61 | 20} 357] 920) 3t] 000] 5.44) 22.70) 8673.50 Structural decency +) ooo} 3.74 16.27] 6.33] 348] 13.3) 40) ars] 500 4) 0.00] 5.40, 24.91) 1002) 487 Unknown 1] 000} 1.24 gat] 258] 0.87 | ao} ao] a 1) ooo) 1.53) 2.47] 292) 1.17] Vitration a) 1000) ez) zeti|ee cae 600) 227] 10] eajas| 100 7] 030 sq] 27-70] 95]. [Comments (cont © OREDAOREDA-2002 78 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tom han Machinery Compressors Ceneragat Elec riven Population | Installations ‘Aggregated tine in service (10* hours) No of demands Er 9 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * a5) 1.1508 0.8560 Failure mode Woof Fature rate (per 10 hours) Repair (manhours) atures [ Lower | Mean | Upper [SO Win_[ Mean [Max Unknown TY ov] 792) 3262) 1230) 30] 412) 1640 7] ogo] tase] eras] 23.21 Abneal nstument reading z| ooo] 260 13:39). 30] ss] 100 at) 0.90] 5.31) 26.32) 11.17 Exernalteskage-Uity medium] — 2°} 038) 179] 2] oo} 279) rox] 4.05) 70] 955] 1640 lotrer 2| ora 1.95] 575] 191] 174300] 600] 600] 600 at} og} 3a] 13.60) 5.09) 234 Urknown 1} 006} ogi} 2.63] a87]_ a7} = 15] 30] 30} tt} ooo} © 1.35 5.54) zto) 1.17 All modes 467'| 49.33] 471.49) 1260.79] 401.97] 40599| 240/03] 306) 18180} acit| 61:94] 65036] 177499] 572.11] 545.5] [Comments On demand probabil for consequence class: Critical and falure mode: Fall to start on demand = 6 7-108 © OREDAOREDA-2002 79 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem aad Mactinery Compressors Cerituget Elecc erven (100-1000) kW Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hours) No of demands 5 3 Calendar time™ Operational ime F 1299 0.1705 0.1258 Failure mode Woof Failure rato (per 10" hours). ‘Rative [__ Repair (manhours) eitures | Lower Upper 7A _| rephs | Min Max ritcat ar] 21.19 381.84 15838) 25.7! 1.0] 492] 5000) att] 021 Tag 248i rai oper zl} ong 36.6 v173| 468}. 70| 2835| seo. 2] 0.05] 24.78 1890] Fait star on demand rz] 399 106.12 7033] 70] 10] 0] cod rz 2054 237.56 95.41 High utpt 1] ood) 24.83] 587/70] 140] 140] 140) at] 0.06) 33.16 195 Overheating 1} ode) 2483 587] 2230] 4470] a470| 4470 at 0.06) 33.16 195 Spurious siop ar] 9.9 151.63 6453} 6a], 10] 00] 260) ut} 356) 307.09 87.45 Degraded ax] 3329 13028 7628] 314) 10] 336) 1480 ast] 1537 209.12 103.36 Eratic ouput x] one 63.54 1760} a5] 100 190] 350 at 0.06) 13424 23.85 External leakage - Process 3] og 49.40 veo] 40} 10] 60] 120 medium at aa] 62.04 23.85 Eternal leakage Usity medium] 2" 1.02 3321 1173} 20] 20/30) 2 079] 55.36 15.99 Fait sop on demand v| ad 24.34 587 7 atl ood] 2551 195 Intra leakage 2] 13d 30.23 11.73] 430] 1360] 1420] 1480) at 0.35] 50.64 15.0 Noise +} odo] 2483 587] 25] 50] 50) at] 0.04] 33.16 7.95 Other 1]. 2434 587 | tt oa] 2551 135 Incipient sr] 10.12 1049.53] 35783] 53] 03| 92] 720) sit) 635] 643.71] 211699] 485.00] | Abnomea insbunent reading 2a} 18.72] 13628 34407 v4073] 49] 10] 76] sa0 zt] 740} 237.7] 7204 $0.82 Eats otput 1} ooo] 567] 2434 587] 160] 160| 160] 160 1] 004 710) 25.51 795 Excemalleakage-Utlty medium] &*| 14.48] 3498] 6268 3520) 32 03) sa] 2a et! 2168} 4360] 8681 an Minor in-service problems wr} 0.17] 96.3) 38731 gor} 486] 10) 87} 72 wt) osi] 196.74) 775.32 135.17 Noise eS ee 5.87] : | at] os aq) 2412 195 [Comments (cont) @OREDAOREDA-2002 80 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no ikem aaa Machinery Compressors Cenrtuga Etectic driven (700-1000) KW. Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hours) No of demands 5 3 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 1299 0.1705 0.1258 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 10° hours), ‘Retive |__ Repair (manhours) feitures | Lower | Mean | Upper [| SD [nit | rep.nes | Min [ Mean | Max Other Tor} 003] $6.0] 239.78 9237] 5866) — 60[ 30 Iza] 500) rot} 014) 116.50) 479.28) | 187.80) 79.51 Structural deficiency 2] 13o] 1152] 30.23) 9.53) 1173] 14.5] 40] 27.0] 500 at) 035] 1638] © 5064) 17.87] 15.90 [Unknown Zz} os] 1147] 36.68, 13.24) 11.73] 15.8] 3.0] 31.5] at] 005] 21.40] 8478) 31.63] 15.90] Other +] 000] 5.732483] 9.64) 5.87} 30.0] 600/600) 600) it} 006] 957] 33:16) 12.23 7.95 Unknown 1] o.oo 5.732483] geal 5.87/15] 30] 3.0) 30 tt} 006] © 9.57] 33.16) 12.23] 798] All modes 103'| 42:72, 579.49] 1654.04] 544.05} 604.20] 138/03 229] 58000 ost] 17.00] 1047.22] 3293.44) 1177.95] 818.94 [Comments on demand probabity for consequence clas: Critical and falure mode: Fait start on demand = 8.5 102 © OREDAOREDA-2002 81 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 1 fanaa Machinery | Compressors | Contuga Etec ren (1000-20004 Population ] installations “Aggregated time in service (10° hours) To of demands 6 5 Calendar imo Operational ime * 815 2012 0.167 Faure node Woof Faure rte (per 10° hours), ‘ative [_— Repair (manhours) aires | Lower Upper_[ SD [nie] repts | fin | Mean | Max ito ar] 67a) 17976) s42.a0{ exe] 183.93, = 13.010] 178) 197.0) 960) 20557] 61659) 206.86) 22058 Eat ouput ra} 932} 2300] 703] gaa] 28] 3055] 8 037] roi] 3332) 1143) 199 Ememalleakage- Process 1+} oor] sao] 2421] a7] 497] 1700] 1970] 1970] 1970 eum it] oof 64a 2059] asad 5.6] Felt stat on dorand wz] oso] seas} 197.20) 7231] 5965 13.2] 10] 15) 1280 wt] or} 1.25] 21774] 7903] 75 ter 1] 033] 515] 1801] 497) 47 ss0| sao] sao] at] a3} ero] 1795] 5995.95 Parameter devaton 1] ooo] 487] 22:15] 9.0q] 497] 40) 40a] 4 tt] oof 579) 2878] 1225 5.5) Spurious stop zor} 129) 96591 308.46] 11133) 99.42] 46] 20] 76) 2s. zot| aq] r1082| 346,70) 12370) 11923 Degraded xz] 10707] 15762] 216.14 33.34] 15907] 149] 05] 28} ato. get] 105.55) 18743) 288.32) 56.17] 190.78 Erratic opt v1 ooo] 24a] 19:18] 747] 497] 160] 320] 320) 320 1) 00) 535] 2472] 9.94) 506 Eomaleakago- Process z| 003] 1034 4067] 1514 9.94) 33] 05) 3a} medium 2) 00s} 1205] 4483] 1655) 1192 Enemalteakage-Uiity median] —&*| 5.21] 41.11] 10547] 3287] 39.77] 7020] sa} at] Gao) 48:30) 12284) 38.13) 47.69 Failte sop on demand +} ooo] 44a) 1918) 747] 497] 35] 70] zo 70 1] cool 5.26] 24.72 994] 5.6] High oupus +} 003] sae] 1906) 7.09497] 4ag] 40] gol 40 st] 035] 603] 1794] 595) 5.6] reemaiteakege s| ooo] 19.15] 87.79) 35.1] 245] 266] © 20] 26] 2160 st} 0.00] 24.19} 113.93] 46.50) 29.81 Low oupux x] 4m] 1496 31.33] 861] 1491] 20] 20] 20) 2a 3] an} 1790] 3963] 1139) 1789] omer 6] 626) 3066] 70.28] 2055] 2983] 20] so] 74a) an00 st] 736] 36.00) aza) ate] 35.77 Parameter devaton | o2i] 232 7.37] 2872] 2485] 29] 20] 78] 28a st] ors] 2023, 105.86] 39:12) 2081 Incipient 130°] 5456] 661.08] 1853.59] 60493] 64623] 67] 10] | 1720 sa0"| ras] 74421] 2025-40) 651.89) 775.03 Abnormal insrrentreadng | 84°] 6.34) 44305) 1406.82) soto] 417.56] 42/10] 58) a eat] 9.69] 488.18) 151506] 536.26) 500.79 nae output z| ooo 1201] 5370] 2124 9.94 55] 10] 5] 100 2 ao] 1265] sacs] 2109] 11.27 [Comments (cont) © OREDAOREDA-2002 82 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem annz Macrinery Compressors Cortogl Electric ven (1000-3000)KW Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in sorvice (10° hours) No of demands 6 5 Calendar time” Operational ime ™ 815 2012 0.167 Failure mode Noot Faiure rate (per 10° hours) ‘Rave |__ Repair (nanhours) atures | Lower [Mean | Upper [SD [aft | rep.trs | Win | Mean [Max Exzeral leakage Process + og 467] 22.5 gaa 457-20] 20,220 medi it] 00 579] 2878] 1225] 5.6] Exernalleekage- Unity medium] 10°} 8.14) 47.52] 11386] 34.17] 49.71] 11.4] 20] 13] a0 rot] 34a] sa63] 9268] 18.85] 962 Ireernal leakage 1} 000] 440} 19.18] 7.47] 497] 20] 40] ao}, itl 00) © 536 24.72] aq) 596 Mino in-service problems 13; 21.03] 67.37] 13496 © 35.80 6462] 48! 10] 58] 200 ast] 3629) 7807] 13264] zai] 77.50) omer ver] 416 7095) 208.9: 69.41] 7954! 208 10] 253] 1729) yet] 1.90) as.8q) 264.75 93.19] 95.39 Srucural deficiency 2] 142] 9.32] 23.00) 703,94] 120 80] 160] 240) at} os} noi} 3332] 11.43) 11:99] Viexation 1] 003] 5.44} 19.06] 7.04 © 497} 30] 30] 30} it} 035] 608] 17.94) 596] 5.985 All modes 199°] 111.37] 991.89] 2607.76] 923.08) 989.22] 9.1) 05/134] 1000 sgot] 150.01] 1128.97] 2069.65] 890.57] 1186.39) ‘Comments (On demand probabity for consequence class: Citical and fae mode: Fait stat on demand = 1.5 102 © OREDAOREDA-2002 83 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem ha413 Machinery (Compressors Cenartugel Elect dven (3000-10000)4W Population | Installations “Aggregated time in service (10® hours) No of demands 2 1 Calender time” ‘Operational tine * 1637 0.7261 0.5100 Failure mode Noof Failure rate (per 10° hours). ‘Rative |__ Repair (manhours) faiures| Lower | Mean | Upper [ SD_[ aft | reps | Min_| Mean [ Max. Criicat 25;|_ o2i] 4773] 17854) 65.90) 3443] 2193] 20] 2283] 16180) 2st] 04s} 63.1] 220.36] 81.24) 49,02 External leakage - Process ye 138) —20f 20 20) 20 vedio tt] 0.16 © 210-598] 7.96196 Enemaleokage Utitymedim| 1°] 0.12) 149i} 138) 1.38] 123.5] 1235] 1238] 123.5 al 20 222) 11.60] 5.18) 1.96) Fato stat on demand e| 017] v1.09} 3499] 1254) 826] © 1685] 20) 1728] 7040) et] rol 13.88 3909) 12.80) 11.7] remaleokage 4+] ooo} 8.30) 47.96] 1804551] 141.5] 10] 213.8] 3040) at] oof 929 47.16) 20.33) 7.84 Low outa z| ooo} 405} 19.64] 8.14) 2.75} Gato} srg] 791.5] 9640) 2} oof 47o] 21.49] asa} 3.02 Spurious sop 107} 027] 1856 © se.9] 21.18] | 13.77} | 2655] 20} 203] 18180) rot] 020] 29.40) 10155] 37-44] 1987 ation 1} ooo] 1.82] 7.78) © 300) 1.38) 130) 210] aro} ro tt] 016) 210598] 1.96) 1.95 Degraded ax] 1211] 10155 26337] 82.47] 6060/1386) 20 | 25.1] 2180) aat| 20275} 136.75 337.82] 103.30) 96.28 Aoncrmel instrument reading z} ooo} 367] 1749) 7.18] .75 sao] 40] 140) 2t| 00 7.29) sags] 143g} 3.97 External leakage Process z} ooo] 367] 1749718] 2.75 | 80} 90) 100] medium 2t| oo] 7.29) 495] 1439} 3.92 External leakage Utity medium) 11] 0.29) 27.48] ©8968] 32.67| 15.151 167/30] 32a] 2180] nit} 03s} atg7} toaa} 3791] 21.87 High ouput z| oso] 311] 759] 230) 2751 50] 30) 50] 7.0 2| oi} 426 ©1703] 637) 3.90] rteral leakage vs} ona} 149] st], 138) 1.38] bo} Go| 60] at] ooo 197] asi] a3) 1.99 Low ouput sx] ooo 619] 30.79] 13:11) 413] Bao} 40} Bo] 150 3] coo 7.03] 34.49} 144s} S88 Minor in-sorvie roblems z] ol 32] 13.25] soi] 275 20] 20] 20] 2a) 2 oo} 41} 612] 595] 3.92 Noise Zz} o. 2si] 1015] 382) 2.75 260] 200] 420] 64a) 2) oor} 361} 1408) 5.22] 3.92 Other 1x] 032) ase] 117.88] © 43.17] 1790] 147] 40 253] 1090) rat] 06} 480] 158.00) 574) 25.49] Parameter deviation rr] on] 14g} az 138} 1.38] 5} 20] 20] 2} at] oof 222) 11.60) 5.18) 1.98 Vibration s| 026) 1080] 33.15] 11.60) © 6a] a7] 60] 384960 st] or 16.37] 54.75] 2008] 9.80 [Comments {cont @OREDAOREDA-2002 84 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item 4443 Machinery | Compressors | Centtuga Eletie ven (3000-10000) Population | Installations ‘Aggregated ume in service (10"hours) No of demands 20 7 Catendar time Operational time 1637 0.7261 500 Failure mode No of Failure rate (por 10¢ hours) ‘Rave | _ Repair (wanhours) aitures| Lower [ Mean | Upper [ SO [nit | rephrs [in | Mean | Max Incipient 66] 19.08 151.80) 369.96] t2n62)~ g0so] siz] 10, 7a] S310 est] 30.65) 20481] 50754] 155.48) 129.42 Abnormal instument reading as} cag] 7524] 19758] 6231] 4820] 126] 10] in] 730 ast] mio} 10590] 28308] 90.23] 8.63 Excemalteakage- Liy medium} "| 01s] 2n.47| 73.81] 27.20] 12.40] © 42] 20/79] 320) st] ors} 25.77] eat) 3245] 17.65 Minor in-srvice problems x| aos] 553] 204s] 756 «413 67}, 40] 6a] at} ore} sai} 20.91] 7.33] 5.80) Noise 3] ass] 4.151 t097] 34s] 43] 7.7} 40) 7a] st] 1.00] sa} 1407] 422) S88 tee | ago} 20.66 6207] 2093] 11.02] 4015} 3.0] 1550] 831.0 st| ta 29.27] ease] 2804] 15.69 Parameter ceviion rr} ooo} 294] 14.22) saa] 1.38 20] 20) 20 tt} oof 357] zn] 7.04) 1.98 Unknown 1} ooo} 29¢) 14.22) saa] 1.38 40} sah ad) at] 000, 357] 17.11) 7.08) 1.96 Vioration s| 020} 12:12] 38.05) 1360] 826 26 1.0) 220) 119) et] aaa} sz] 4768) 1643] 11.77 Unknown, s| 000] ass] © 3987|15:74) 6.9 7.0) 3.0] 460) 1640 st} 000, 17.33] 7662] 3012) 9.80 Abnormal inseument reading z| ooo] 367} s749| 7.8] 25 ao] 65] 100) 2] oof 7.29] 3495) 14.39) 3.90] Ecemalteakage-Uttty medum] 2] 068] 301] 6.75] 1.95] 275, 7.0} 70] 85.8) 1640) at} on} ae] 14.85] 51g] 3.92 tne 1} oo} 166] 627] aif 1.38 it] ao} 317 14.90 6.08} 1.96 All modes 140) a7gi] 313.94] 1241} 254.16) 192.82] 696) 1.0] 635] 18180 sot] 606i] 420.18] 107731] 332.28) 274.53] [Comments On demand probabil for consequence class: Critcal and faye mode: Fa to sat on demand = 1.2 102 @ OREDAOREDA-2002 85, OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no ter saad Machinery Compressors Cenatuge Eerie erven 20000 30000)2m Population ‘Aggregated te inservice (10*hours) No of demands 3 1 Calendar me Operational ime ™ 0.0526 0.0526 Fralure mode No of Faltre rato (per 10° hours) ‘etve |__ Repair (nanhours) taitures | Lower [Mean | Upper [ SD | aft | reptws | Win_| Mean | Max Degraded 13] 146.23] 247.34) 393.10) 24734) 247.34 [sof 186) 400) tat] 14627] 247.34] 30a.t0] 247.3) 24734 Enenaleakage -Utty medium) 5°) 37.48) 95.13] 200.06) 95.13] 95.13 60] 190] 350) st] 34a] 9513) 20008] 9513] 95.13 Otter gi] 374a) 95.13] 20006) 9513) 95.13 | 70} 160} a0] st] azaa} 95.13] 20006] 9513] 95.13 Parameter deviation Z| 6.5] 3805) 119.77] 3805] 3805 | 60} 70] ad at} 675} 38.05] 11977] 3805] 3805 ication 1+] 0.93] 19.03] 9028] 1903) 1903 rao] 40} 140) it] 093} 1803] 90.28] 1903] 19.08 wz] 13175] 22831] 360.96) 22031) 722331 | 20} 143] 29] vot] 13175} 223i] 368.86| 22831] 22831 Anoxalinsrument reading 6} 49.75) 1416 225.27] 11416) 11416 | 20} 58] 189] at] ars} trae) 22527) ane] 114.19 Minor inservice problems 4) 2537] 76.10] 17418) 70.10) 76:0 | 30) 78] 120 at| 25s} reo] 17418 76:10 76.10 Parameter deviation z| —625| 380s] 119.7] 3805] 3805 130 525] 20) 2} 675] 3805| 119.77] 3805} 38.05] All modes. 2s"| 330.60] 475.65, 684.29] | 475.65] 475.65) | 20] 150} 20) 2st] sansa] 475.65) 664.29] 475.65) 475.65) [Comments @OREDAOREDA-2002 86 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item naz Mactinery Compressors Corartoal Turbine driven Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time inservice (10° hours) No of demands Ed 8 Calendar time * Operational time ™ 2469 0.5999 0.4095 Failure mode Noof Feature rate (per 10" hours) ‘Retive [__ Repair (manhours) atures | Lower [Mean | Upper [SD [n/t rep.hrs [Win | Mean [Max Critical a] 4152 7349) 1288) avez! 7334] 56] 1.0] 753 14819 aat| 5393) 1077] 17646] 37.79, 107.46 Breakdown | oo] 145,526] tga] 187 14si.0] 148.0] 1481.9] at] coi} ata} 825] 306]. Eratc output 2| coo} 487] 24.7} 10.26] 3.33] 43} 30} as} 40 2} coo} 569) 27.64] 1.48) 4.88 External leakage Unity medum| 3°] 0.01] 523] 24.25] 80] 500] os] 10) 28a} 80) st] oof 759] gor] tns9} 7.33 Feito star on demand is] 326] 3157] 84.69) 27.05) 2500] 30/20) 54.5) 2030 1st] 781] 4197] 98.45] 2018] 36.63 Fao top on demand +} or} 176 ©~— 506] 187] 1.87 7 it} oof 297] 13.1] 5.15) 2.44 tne x} one] 176] 506] 187] 187 1] 000) 2g} 3] 152. Parameter dvition 1] ogi} 146] 526 1.94187 80} ao} 8a at] oor} 21a} 825] 3.052. Spurious top re| 15:79] 2569 3754) 6.67] 2667] 100] 20] 162) aa vet] 969] 35.70] 7508] 20.70) 39.07 Viraton +] 222 660) 12a7| 33x] 400] 693] 1000 at] oor] ata] 38.21] 1456] 9.7] Degraded soa} 12.73] 14869] 417.19] 135.80] 17325] 332] 1.0] 210| 1800) roat] 9.82) 282.74) 699.80] | 236.44) 253.99) Abnormal instunent easing vz] 162] 19.24 53.74 175i] 20.00] 50] 20] 167] 280) wat| 136 29.29] agra) 117] 2931 rai ouput vy} oo} 145] 526) te) 187 ao} 4} 4) it} orf 212] B25] 306] External leakage - Process 13] 083} 19.78) $9.48) 20.11] 2187 1a 177] 98 medion ast] 063} etal 86.74] 3049) 31.5 External eakogo -Usity medium] 33°} 061] 4320) 137.31] 4943] 5501] 100.0 20) 284) 88. at] 082} 6945] 236.40] 87.00) 80.50 Feito stop on demand tr} or} 1.76 © 5061.87] 187 st] ooo © 297] 3] a5] 2a High output v| oo} 145) 526] 19a] 187 3s] 35] 39 at] oo} 212) 2s} 306] 244 treraleakage z| ooo] 387] 1821] 743] 3.3 2} cool 6703359] 1437] 4.88 Low ouput z| az} 527] 2055] 262] 333, 30] Go| +190) 320 2| oor se] 1905] 92] Other 33| 0.89] 47a] t4ss7] 5277] 5501] 254] 10] 198] 1900) sat] 075] 7208 23568] 85.1] _ 90.59] (Comments {cont} © OREDAOREDA-2002 87 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem hae Machinery Compressors Cental Turbine criven Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hours) ‘No of demands: 2 8 Calendar time * ‘Operational time T 2469 0.5999 0.4095 Failuremode Wo of Failure rate (per 10° hours). ‘Active [__ Repair (manhours) faiures| Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | aft | rep.tws | Min | Mean | Max Overheating Z| 073) 35a) 808] 236] ~—«s3aat 13a, 260/260] (260) 2t| oor] 598] 19.29] 699). Parameter devaton 1) 007] 190 7.10] 2621.67] 9.0} 180) 180180 it} coo 3.19) 1493) 07} 2 Vieraton x] 007] 464] 1478] 532] 5.00) -| 100} 180] 260) 3t} 002], 689) 27.39) 10.23) 7.3) Incipient var] 2007] 236.67] 660.45] 215.10) 245.03] 17.0] 1.01 237) 37000 art] 15.25] 391.87] 1180.91] 401.18) 359.00 Abnocmalinstruentreacing 5"| 28.71] 9207] 18469] 49.04) 98.35] 29) 20) 90} a6 sat] 21.66] 14262] 352.24] 107.70] 144.09) Erratic ouput z| 0.00} 47} 24.17] 1026 «= 3.33] a3] a0] 87.5) 13700 2} ooo] 5692764] 1.48] 48 External leakage Process 1] 0.00] 468] 22.76] ats 167] go}, go], aa) medium ee Esteralleakage- Usty mesium] 37°] 032) 5445) 192.19) 7099] 61.67] 408] 10] 465) 3700) ait] cao] 9052] 33856) 124.96) 90.36 Low opt x} ao} 145 526] tu) 167 20} 20f 20 at} oor} ara] a5] 306) ad Minor in-service protiems ww} aos} 3785, 154.48| 58.42) 3000] 65 20/140] 780 ret] 0.10} 66.50} 270.30] 102.05) 43.96 over ww} eri] 2423] 50.63] 1389) 2667] 230] 1.0] 213] BA et] 370 3492 9313] 2968] 3907 Overeating vo zia 959] 3.80] 167] 10] 20] 20) 2 1/008 259] 796] 279) Parameter doviaton | 000] 1900] 96.34] 41.50) 15.00] 7 40/138) 500 st} ooo} 3487] 17038) 7131] 21.98 Smut eficeney vr} ooo} 336] 1671] 71] 187 640] 640] 640 it] oof 3.58] 1757] 738] 2a Unknown 1} ooo 153] 681} 269] 1.67 60] 60] 69 it] 000, 223] 1053) 4.30 2.44 Vixation 1] 012] 1.78] 505167187 7 z z it] 0.00) 297) 3m} S19] 2d Unknown 3e'| 681) 10035 290.03] 95.7} 6334] 293| 10/24] za. gat] 539) 141.72) 427.38) 14542] 92.80) | Abnoxmalinstrument reading 19} 031] 4443] 152.77] 56.0) an67] 30) 10] 85] 160 sot] 036] To.19] 254.24) 93:94) 46.0) Enernalleakage-Utlty medium] 3" 0.00 5.79} 20.37] 12.65] 5.0 7 at] oof 1034] 53.35) 23.25) 7.3) Low output +) ooo = 336) 61) 7.0n] 189] | 120] 12} 129] at] ooo ase 17.57] 7.36|__2.4 [Comments @OREDAOREDA-2002 88 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Item 1at.2 Machinery [Compressors Centritugat Turbine driven Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) ‘No of demands. 2 8 Calendar time” ‘Operational time * 2469 a.s999 0.4095 Failure mode Wo of Failure rate (per 10° hours). ‘Active [__ Repair (manhours) raitures| Lower | Mean | Upper [ SD | n/t | repnrs | Min | Mean | Max Noise a A ET , it} ooo 297) 13a} 5.15} 2a Other an} age 30.24, 91.76] 31.59, 1834] 20] 20] 19.5) 1050) ait} 232) 37.08) 108.29] 35.88) 26.86 Overheating vs] oo} 146] 5.26) 1.94) 1.67 | 30] 30} 3 it} oor} 22} 25} 3.06 Unknown 1] cool 2.49] 3.80 1.67] 1245] 2490] 249.0) 2490 it] 006] = 259] 7.96] 2.79) 2. Vibration 1] 000] 468] 22.76) 9.45} 1.67 so} a0} 809 it] oo) 45) zat7] tsi} 24a |All modes 333°} 17184] 564.28] 1141.65] 305.35) 555.07] 182] 1.0) 29.7| 1481.0 saat] 160.16, 878.17] 207053] 615.17] 813.25] [Comments On demand probabilty for consequence class: Ciical and fyre mode: Failto sat on demand » 4 103 j © OREDAOREDA-2002 89 OREDA-2002 FTaxonomy no item wat Mechinery Compressors Ceri {Turbine riven (3000-10000). Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10¢ hours) No of demands 10 4 Calendar time™ ‘Operational time T 563 0.1601 0.1246 Failure mode Noof Failure rate (per 10* hours). ‘Retive |__ Repair (manhours) Tower | Mean | Upper_[ SD [nit _| rephrs | Min | Mean [Max Critical 528) 71.74 20488] 67.36] 56.23 | sa] 7e6| 2080) 893) 8895] 239.78) 76.83] 72.23] Felt Sart on demand asi] 5663] 159.93] 5233) 4.73 so] 875] 2030) 807] 68.36] 1769) | 55.68] 56.18 Spurious sop 0.00) sai] 2482) 50] 6.25 360] 360] 360 014 — 82] 2814) 10.08 8.03 Viwation 00x] 77] 29.38] 10.84] 6.25 630] 680] 680 05s} 860} 2507} 830] 8.03 Degraded 1363] 96.68] 242.71] 7487] 87.47 -| 10] 94] a0) 493) 145464] aangs| 151.15] 112.35 | Abnormal insturent reading 3] 4a) ran4| 3968) 082] 18.74 20| 133 200] st] 2ar} 2red) 7859] 25.72) 24.08 External leakage - Process z| og} 1708] stg] 17.13) 12.50 | 400} 400} 400 medium 2} 303} 1807] 4357] 1313) 16.05) Exemalieskage- Usity medium] —§*] i} 2682] 115.99) 45.01] 31.24 so} 194] 40.0 st} oor S041] 22709] soi) 40.13 Low ouput 1} 003] 7.77] 29.38] 108d 6.25] | 320] 320 x20) it} 055 B60} 2507] 8.30) 8.03 Omer | 370) 1981] 46.15] 13.63] 10.74 ro} 73] 160) at] 16s} 3006] e919) 29.70) 24.08) Incipient tt} 115e] 7770] 192721 59.07] 68.73] 90 20/149] 64.) st] aes] 110.37] 31208] 10221] 8.28 | Abroxma! insrument reading a} 4nd 2529 59.22] 1753] 2499 30] 53} a at] 04s} 3875] 12598] 48.82) 32.10 External leakage - Process 1} cai} 1042] 44.14) 6.99] G25 90} 90] 90] medium it] oor] 108] 4483) 17.01] 8.03 Exemalleakage-Utily medium] — 1] 0.03] 7.77] 2939] 10.64] 625 160] 150] 150) stl ass] geo} 507] 830) 803 ino in-service problems vr} aos} 7.7] 28.39] 108d) 6.25 | 390] 390] 330] 1t| oss} 860) 2507] 8.30) 8.03 otner 2} osaf 1202] 3373] 11.0¢) 1250) 20} sof 80 2] oz} 1952) rae} 31.08) 16.05 Structural deficiency 1} 003} 777] 2339] 108d) 625} | e410] 640] 6a] at} 055] B60} 25.07] 830) .03 Unknown | 0.00) si} 2482) 950] 6.25] | 60} 60} 0 it} 014 892] 2814) 10.08 8,03] Unknown 13'| 6-9} 133.52] 40055] 134.46) 81.22 -| 10} 166] 105.09 sat] 963] 151.18) 440.64) 145.92) 104.39 Abncrmatnstrunen reading 6] 093} 50.43] 157.26] 55.89) 37.49) ro} 93] 160) et] 173|_ ors} 206.59] 7206] 48.15 [Comments (cont) @OREDAOREDA-2002 90 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item aay Mactinery Compressors Cenitugat Turbine ven (3000-10000), Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10" hours) No of demands 10 4 Calendar tine ™ Operational tne 7 563 91601 0.1246 Failure mode No of Faure rte (per 10° hours) ‘ative ai (manhours) fatures [ Lower [ Mean | Upper [SO [ale | reps [ in| Mean | Max Tow ouput Tr] 00st 777] 2935] 108i) 6.25 [oP 120] 129) at] 05} 60} 2507] 830) 803 Other s| ogi] 5457] 17125] 116) 31.24 | 20] 27a} 1050) st| oo] 56.19) 17673] €3.21] 4a Viraion +] oor] 10.42] 444) 16.99) 6:25 so a0] 90 i} oot 10.98] 4493) 17.01) 8.03 |All modes ar} 6265, 388.92] 946.95] 287.11} 29365] 9.0] 10/278] 2030) art] 6052) 507.13] 1315.06) 411.78] _ 377.19] [Comments [On demand probetity for consequence class: Crtical and false mode: Failto stat on demand = 1.2 102 @OREDAOREDA-2002 91 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item nazz Machinery Compressors Cenerfuge tine ven (10000-20000). Population | installations ‘Aggregated ime in service (10 hours) No of demands rd 5 Operational time * 1906 0.2649 Faiture mode Woof Failure rate (per 10° hours) ‘ative ir (anvours] taiures| tower [Mean | Upper [SO [nf _| reps [Min | Mean | Max Cates 3] sei] 79.26) 10260) 1343] 79.57] Sel t.0| 742] 1481.0) ast} 62.66] 123.44) 200.83) 42,89] 122.87 Breakeown 1+ 00o] 197] 669] 245) 227 v¥s10) 14610] 1481.9 - 0.02| 3.08] 10.49) 3.86} 351 Eratc op x} ooo} 7.15] seas] 21] 455] 43] 30] as] a 2] oof 857] ari] 1485) 7.02 Excomalieakage -Usity median] — 3] 0.06) 7.38) 2465] 9.04] a2], 0.5] 10) 280] 850 3] ong] r1.231 3597] 13.00) 10.53 Fao sar on rand | 145] 1736] 48a) 1584) © 18.19] © 30] 20] 5a} st] 94s] 2.2e] 55.27] 1436] 28.00 Feito stop on mand 1] 003] 252] gta] 6] 22 at] oof 453] 1e90] 7a] 381 other 1] 00a] 252) ata] 299) 22 7 1] ooo 453) te90] 721] ast Parameter deviton vr] ooo] 197] 669] 245) 227 | 80} 80] 8 it} 2] 3051049388] 3.51 Spuious sop 1s-| _52e] 2229] 76:16] 22.63) 34.10) 100] 20) 148) a sst| sna} S20q 7623) 1360] 5265 aration x] 105] 6.29) 1670) 5.09) 6. } 400) 700} 000] 3} an) rose} 2195) 6.08) 10.59 Degraded 0°] 2342] zien] 572.79] 1a173] 20460] 32) 10/214] 00) sot] 4420] 341.96) 87359] 271.79] 315.41 Avnomal sree reading a] 3.20] 2025] $1.05] 1557] 20.46] ©5100] 183] 28 st] 16.65] 32.27] 5205) 10.91] 31.59 Erratic odput 1] ooo] 197] 669] 25) 227 J} 40} ao] it] ao} 305] toa] 306] 351 eral leakage - Process av} oz] 2423) 101.14] 3860] 25.01 10] 136) 980] med iit] aos} 3475] r4r65] 5354] 3862 External leakage - Unity medium) —28*| 7.08) 65.38) 17343] 55.08] 6365] 1000] 20] 31.0880 2et{ 11.85] 105.18) 277.49] 87.77} 98.29] Fao stop on comand 1] 003} 252} arg] ze) zz] |] +t] ooo) 453] tao] 721) as High ouput +] ooo] 197] 69) -245) 27] «| 38] as] 8 it] 002} 3.05] 1049] 3.86) 3.51 Ireratteakoge z] ooo] 551] 2433) a5) 455 J 4 2| ooo} t0.26) 46.44) 1846] 7.02 Low cupix 1] ooo aa] 1358] 5.26] © 227] 30] 60} ao) Go at] oo = 3sif 282] aga] 381 oter sor} 163] 7632} 23505) 314] 6.0] 254] 20] 212} 1800) got] 4g] r1407] 34297] 115.86] 105.31 [Comments (cont @OREDAOREDA-2002 92 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Them va22 Machinery Compressors Corertagal Tutbine ivan (19000-20000): Population | lastallations ‘Aggregated time inservice (10* hours) No of demands 2 5 Calendar tine ™ ‘Operationel ine 1906 0.4399 0.2849 Failure mode Noof ihre rate (per 10° hours). ‘ave [__ Repaic (manhours] fatures [ Lower [Mean | Upper [SD [ale reps [Win [ Mean [Max [Overheating Zz] ose) age] tne 336) 48) © 130) 260 260) 260 2} 032] a3} 27st} 9.35) 7.02 Parameter deviation 1] oor] 275] 1086] 404) © 227] 0) 180} 180) 80) it] coo 450] at 30] ae] a1 ication | 037] 684 ©2036] 6.79] 82 roo] 180] 260 at] on] 1076) 340i] 1219] 10.59 Incipient 136;] 71237] 33752] 766.15] 22268) 300.18] 172) 10] 246) 3700 rast] 28.26, 583.11] 1441.26] a4oe| 477.43 Abnormal instument reading ss'| 69.37] 13298] 21329] 4433] 12508] 29 20] 94) a6) set] 95.02] 21599] 39563] 96.67] 193.09 Erratic ouput 2| ooo 715) ©3244 ran] 48s] zal 380] a7] 1370) at] ooof 857] 37.81] 1485 7.02 Exemal leakage -Usitymedum| 36/454) 77.7] 229110 76.12 81.84 40.8} 1.0] 47.5] 3700) get] 468] 136.19) 41203] 147.13] 12638) Low oust 1+] 00] 197] 60] 2s] 227 20] 20] 29 1} co 305} 104s] 386] 3.81 Minor inseres problems ar] 025) 51.33] 187.95] 043] 3365] 65] 20] 11] 780) ait] os] 9765] 340.96] 125.4) sa. ower vr] a7) 3004) 59.40] 1550] 31.83] 230] 10] 236) G40) vst] 8.89) 46.81] 109.31 32.31) 49.15} Overeating 1+] ooo] 3.3] 1355] 526) 227] to] 2020] it] ood 39] ze] 6s] 351 Parameter deviation | oot] 289 12765] soo} 2046] © 7.1] 40] 13.| 509) st] aod} 5450] ater] ase] 31.50) raion ¥] 003] 252] ars] 299) 227 | 1] ooo 483] te90] 721] 381 rknown 25| 045 7055) 733.66| 85.50] 56.3] 293] 20] 35.6) 2400) ast] 101] t2a.s} 433.2] 159.24) 87-76 Aroarmatistumertreadng | 13°} 02] 378i| 16252] 6283] 2955] 3] 40] 60] a ist] 0.03) 73.80) 303.75) 115.24) 45.64] Exemalleckage-Usitymedum| 3] 0.00) B41] 38.96] 15.75) 682 3] oof 1597) 7342] z9.4q) 1083 Noise 1] 0.03} 252} a1] age} 227] | z it} 000) 453] 1290] 721) 351 other | 039] 1608) 49.37] 17.281 1364] §=— 20. 20| 11.2] 360 et] 135] 2477] 7354] tas) 21.08 Overheating rr] 0.02} 197] 6.69] 24a] 227 30] 30] 3) it] 0.02} 305] 10.49] 36) 3.51 Unknow 1] 000] 3.13} 13.58] 526) 2.27] 1245) 2490] 2490) 2490 a] oo 397} 1282] ac] 3.51 (Comments (con) © OREDAOREDA-2002 93 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 144.22 Machinery Compressors | Cerarfugel Turbine riven (10000-20000) Population | installations “Aggregated time in service (10* hours) No of demands i 5 Calendar time * Operational time * 1906 0.4399 0.2849 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 10° hours) ‘Retive [__Repeir (manhours) faitures| Lower | Mean [ Upper [ SO | af | rep.tws | Min | Mean | Max 10) 302] 1481.9} A modes za6'| 20223] ori] 125469] 298.76] 650.19 zest] 371.45] 1179.56] 2357.72] 624.28] 1004.00] ‘Comments [On demand prosabilty for consequence class: Cical and falure mode: Fait stat on demand » 21.103 @OREDAOREDA-2002 94 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Item 14.43 Machinery Compressors Centtugal Unknown Population | Installations “Ragregated time in service (10° hours) Wo of demands 9 3 Calendar time = Operational time ® 900 0.2365 0.0648 Failure mode No of Failure rate (por 10¢ hours). ‘Active |__ Repair (manhours) taitwros| Lower | Mean | Upper [SD | nit_| reps [Win | Mean [Max Critical 16] 787 6785|_—176.21| $529) 67.65] 85] 10/232 aa tet] 971] 965.69] 2008.94) 1021.04] 246.91 Abnormal instument reading 2) og} sae] zea] 732] eae] © 25 17.01 17.0) 170 at] 356] 109.67} 332.46] 11430) 30.86 Breakdown 2] oo7| sae] 2824) 1036 © a4] © 85] 255] 365] 475) at] 0.17] 117.40} 478.24) 180.72) 30.86} Exernal leakage -Utity medi] 4°} 262] 16.91] 41.58 1268) 1691] 21.8] 185] 36.48 at] 260] 236.71) 76963] 279.97) 61.73] Fao stat on demand a] 577] 631] 3279] sae] t69i} 43) 10 5a] 105 st] oq 12374) ar73e| 153.38] 61.73 Irerateakage r] oz] 42x] 1265] 42] 423] «of 20] 20) 20 it] co8} 5550] 22662] 05.715. Spurs sop sx] 005) 1269) 48.72] 1799 1268] © 43) 60 so] 3] 026] r79.e] 729.42] 275.56) 46.30 Dograd x] 347] 1269] 25.62 128s] 137] 110] 305] 50. 3t] 991] 54.63] 120.96] 46.30 Low ouput a] 347] r26e] 25.69 126s] 137] ro 205] sa at] gar] 546q] 123.96 46:0 Incipient a2] 340] 346.59] 1140.25 34esa] 3.4) 10 | ga at] 37.88] aoersa|_ 167572] 1285.43 Abnormal instrument reading x] 347] 126e] 25.00 1268 40] 60] Go] at} asi] 12052) 45291 Exemnalleakage - Unity medium] 24°} 9.83] 101.47] 275.96 zat] 35.05) 1469.37] 450.04] 46.39 wr47} 49) 1.0] 92] 530 370.37 Fai to stat on demand rv} 021} 4231266 423, 4o] 40] 40} a} tt] 008 5550] 226.62] 15.43 Internal ieakage 47} 0.06] 198.71] 870.90} 340.50! r9arn} 19] 10} a0] 1535] art] 429) 2995.34] 1177326] 4445.64] 725.31 Miner in-service problems 4) sa] 1691] 3279 8.46] resi] a5] 205] 1535) at] gr] 17440} 522.05] 174.28) 1.73 Omer rv} a2} 423} 12.66] 423) 423) 6a} 30] = 30] tt] 0.08] 55.50] 22662] 85.72] 15.03 Overheating 1} 02x} 423) 1266] 423] 423) 120} 980] © 98.0} sa it] 08] 55.50] 22662] 85.72) 15.43 Vieration vr} oa} 42a} 12.66] 423] 423) 30] 255] 255] a tt] 009 55.50] 226.62) 85.72] 15.43 AN modes, tor'| 34.37) 427.03) 120245] 393.13) 427.03) 45] 1.0] 9.6] 98. rort} 94.73] see9.e7| 18535.59] 6632.54] 1558.64) [Comments (On demand probably foc consequence class: Critical and false mode: Fallto star on demand = 44.103 © OREDAOREDA-2002 95 OREDA-2002 Faxonomy no item fat Mechinry Compressors Conga Uokrown Unknown Population | Installations ‘Aggregated ime in service (10" hours) Woof demands 9 3 ‘Operational time ® 990 0648 Faire mode Noof Fire rate (per 10° hours) ‘Retve [___Repair(manhours) taitures| Lower [Mean | Upper | SD | ah | ropes [Min [ Mean | Max. Critical 16 67.65) 176.21] 5529] 6765[ 85] 10] 23.2[ 84S 1et| 9.71] 965.69] 208.94) 1021.04) 246.91 Abnarmal instrument reading 2| os} sas] 2284) 7.32] a4] 2.8] 1700} 170) 170) 2t] 356] 109.67] 332.48) 114.30) 30.85 Breakdown 2] oo} ae] 2824 10.36 a6] © 65] 55] 36.5) 75 2] 0.17] 117-40) 478.24) 180.72} 30.85 External leakage Unity medium] —"|_-—«-262)-« 1691] 47.59 1268] 16.91] 21.8) 18.5) 36.4) at] 260) 236.71) 76963] 27397] 61.23 Faito star on demand 4] 577] 1691] 3279 8.46] 1691] 43 10) 5.8108 at] ogo] 12374] 417.36] 153.35] 61.73 eternal leakage vr} o2i} 423} 12.66] 423] 423} to}, zo] 20) at] 0g] 55:50] 22662] 85.72) 15.43 Spurious top 3| 0.05] 1268] 48.72) 17.94 ©1268) 43] Bo] ao] at} 0.26 179.18] 729.42] 275.56) 46.20 Degraded x| a4] 1268] 28.62} 7.32} 1268] 137] 11.0] 305} 500 st] 991] 5463] 128.96) 38.34) 46,30 Low ouput 3| 3.47] 1268] 26.62) 7.32) 1268137] 11.0] 308) S00 z 5463] 128.96] 3834) 46.30] Incipient a 346.69] 1140.75 416.64) 46.69] 3.4] 10 980 a2 49ar.se) 16757.28) 6162.92) 1265.43] Abnormal instunent reading 347] 16a 26.62] 7.32) 1268) += 40.60}, 0] oi] 12052) 45291] 167.11] 46.30] Excemal leakage Usity medi} 24] 9.83) 101.47] 275.96] 88.79 10147] 4a}, 10) 92] 820 zat) 35,95] 1469.37] 4509.04] 1577.57] 370.37 Felt stat on demand 1] oz} 423] 1268] 423] 423] «40 ao} ao], it} 0.08] 55.50] 226.62) 85.72) 15.43 Intemal leakage 47} 006 198.71] 97090] 340.50] 198.71] 1.9) 10) 30] 155} art] 429) 2895.34) 11773.26) 4445.64) 725.31 Minor in-service problems 4] sm} w6si} 3279] 8.46] 691} 85} 20) 95] 155 at] ar] 174.40} 522.08] 174.28) 61.73 omer 1] oz] 423, 1268] 4.23423) «60 30) 3030) tt] oe) 55.50] 226.62] 85.72) 15.43 overnesting r} o2i] 423) 1266] 423] 423120] sao] 980] 980 it] 008) 58.50] 226.62] 85.72) 15.43 tration | oz} 4.231266] 423] 4.23/30] 255] 258) 255 it} 008) 55.50] 22662) 85.72) 15.43 All modes tor] 3437] 427.03] 1202.45] 393.13) 427.03] 45] 10/96]. soit] 94.73] see9.87] 19535.59] 6632.54) 1558.64) [Comments [On demand peotabilty for consequence class: Cea an falure mace: Fito start on demand » 4.4 102 @OREDAOREDA-2002 96 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 412 Machinery Compressors Reciorocating Population | Installations ‘Aggregated ime inservice (10° hours) Wo of demands 32 10 Calendar ime™ Operational time ™ 36658 0.7323 0.5086 Frilure mode No of Faiure rate (per 10° hours) Tetive [Repair (manhours) aitures | Lower | Mean | Upper [SD | nit_| vep.hrs [Win | Mean | Max Critical 3677] oor] 347.00) 1678.18] 69322) sora] a9] 5] 130] 2500 367t| 0.20] 451.95] 1951.42] 756.79] 727.25| Abnormal instument reading 1] 0.00] 1.86] 790] 305] 137] 160] 160] +160] 16 tt] 0.19) 219} 603) 1.98 1.8 Breakdown 2! ooo] 22] 684232273] 1165] 740] 1405) 2070) 2] oo} 3.41] 10862] 3.77] 3.98 Eraic output z| 000) 504) ©2145} © 830273] 200) Bo] 140} 200) 2t| ous} 13.26 saso] 1864] 3.96 Entra leakage Process 4°] 000) 36.68] 201.99] 100.72] 5463} 38] 05} 67] medium aot} 00} 45.58) 246.92] 11485) 79.26} Extemal leakage -Utity messum| 16°] 0.00] 17.39) 8287] 3403] 2185] 3.4] 10] 6] 5000 ist} 0.06] 2415] 95.41) 35.58] 31.71 Flt ston demand ir} oi} 1540) 65.18) 25.07] 1502 39.4 40) © azo} 2040) ait oor} 37.42] 16698] 65:98) 21.80 Feito top on demand z] ooo} 452] 1993] 783] 273 35] 35) 108) 189) 2] ooo} 9.20] 4096) 16:16] 3.95 Low output +40'| 0.00] 12203] 663.02] 30886] 191.19) 62} 05) 109) 1680) vat} 0.00) 40a} 75291] 347.39) 277.42 Noise z| ooo} 381] 1789] 7.30) 273 29.0] 40) © 185] 330) 2{ ooo} 872 3092) 1593) 3.96) oir +} ooof 4.19) 2060] aa} 1.37 ro] 10] it! 00} 1007] 4420) 17.30) 1.98 Overheating 6+] 00] 5883] 3052) 135.9] 9740) 38) 05} a2} 360) ett] 0.00) 7266 358.65] 149.99) 126.82| Parameter deviation 4s| ooo] 42.79, 231.70] 107.70) 6282 159] 08) 21] 2500) ast] ooo] 53.10) 27504) tana) ai.19 Spurious sop ao} 743] 4347] 104.22] 31.29) 40g7] 120) 1.0) 139) 480 aot} ste] 6323] 10364] 22.20) 5945) Sucre deficioney s| 003! 7.25 ©2679] 83} 683] 14] 20) 138] 380 st 156} 10.08) 2479] 756] 991 Vieation Oe a st} 293] a7] 1990] 5.35] gai Degraded za] ogo] 269.46) 10517] 390.37] 320.12) 73] 03] as] 1280) zart| 5:86) 463.96] 1488.90] 538.67) 477.57] Era ouput a} 134 24se] 7295] 2429] 1093) 36.0] 80) 29.4) 960 st] 482] 50.60] 138.09) 445i] 15.85] External leakage - Process z| ooo] 2442) 12696) 56.39] 3276] 2.205] 3.8] 2 medium 2at} 0.00] 3468) 157.98] 6296) 47.56 Excernatieakage-Uity medium] 8) 0.12, 958) 3071] 11.10] 1083] 48} 03] 7.3 220 at] tsi] satol 3749] 191] _ 15,5 [Comments {cont @OREDAOREDA-2002 97 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no nem naz. Machinery Compressors Reciprocating Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) No of demands 2 10 Calendar timo Operational ime * 36658 0.7323 0.5046, Failure mode Woof Failure rate (per 10° hours) ‘Retive [__ Repair (manhours) titures | Lower | Mean SD_| ak _| reps | Min | Mean [Max Faivo sa on denand ry O00 1.40 Fs) tt] oor] 1.94 279) 198] Fatt stop on denand 2} oa] 284 236 273] 33] 0s] 336 2! om ad 558) 3.96] rtemateakage z} 03] 2a 2364 © 2.73] +23] 10] so}, Fl | 558) 3.96] Low output sz] 027) 107.04 42257] 157.47] 12564) 11305} tea] 128 92") 026] 21465] 983.00] 334.94] 192.31 Other 1] 000} 4.15] 20.60) 868} 1.37 -| 300} 300} 300] at] ooo 1007] 4420) 17.30) 138) Overeating 2] 024) 2856 9552] 35.04 31.41] 710-10] a zat] 69q] a.m] 10053] 30.29) 45.58 Parameter deviaton es:| 000) 5731] 30493] 20199] 8877] 18 03] 2a} 109 6st] ooo] 68.55] 366.56] 239.26] 128.20] Seuctural decency ss} 003] 669] 24.11] 891] 63] 37] os} 54) 100 st} 2a3] a7] 19.90 5.35] 991 Unknown | 006 1224 ~—a4so] 16.44) 1g] 33.0] 40] 335] 6a et} on 31.03) ins} 1.07) 11.89 bration “| on} seo} 17.99) G37] 546] 1.2} to} ta] 18 a] oor} Bae] 36.49] 13.85] 7.93 incipient 4sa°| 0.03] 427.59) 1970.30] 79174) 61999) 36] 03] 45] 1160 asa] 191] 615.73) 7397.46) | B8e.66) 299.65 Aonermatistumant reading s8*] ao} 90.60] 43307] 17803 13383] 33] 03] 3.4) 24 gat] 22] 12728) 513.02] 192.92} 194.20) Eratic ouput 2] coo} 5.04 ~—znas}_ 8.30] 273} ~—ao] 50} 6s} 2! os 13.26] 5089) 1864! 3.96 Extoma leakage Process 20'| 06s] 2802] 96.20) 30.24 273i] 130 10] 148] 150) medium zt] 7.08} 4208) 101.31] 3050] 3963 Exemal leakage -Utktymesium] 22" 13.36] 31.27] 55.28] 1301] 3004 = 9.7] aa] 107] 1160 zat) a3] 4940] 11881] 35.74) 43.60 Minor in-senvice problems 236¢] 0.00] 20063) 1099.31] 514.60] 322.29 6} os] 27] 280 2a6t| 00] 231.74) 1249.76) $78.27] 467.66 Noise 4] 037 624 ~— 1833] 6.09] 5.46] © 197] 50] 168] 330 4] 7.08 964) 25.49 go] 7.93 Otrer s| ors} 2182] 73.45] 2697 1229] «= 17] 10] 69} 2000 st} 060] 46.30) 148.35] 53.63) 17.83 Overeating 8} 269) 1166 25.80] 7.37] 1093] 138] 20} 133] sta st} 216] 1748] 45.00] 1405) 15.85 Parameter deviation 2] 002] 2321] 9782] 37.55] 3008} §— 5.5] 10] 56] 20) zzt|_ oso] 34.14] 10393] 35.98] 43.60] [Comments (con) © OREDAOREDA-2002 98. OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Item 112 Machinery Compressors Reciprocating Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hours) ‘No of demands, 32 10 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 36658 0.7323 0.5046 re mode Wo of Failure rate (per 10* hours), ‘Active |__ Repair (manhours) taitures| Lower | Mean | Upper [ SD [n/t | rep.nvs | Min [ Wean [7 Max ‘Structural deficiency 7 a | es) rr) et] o2i} 1083} 33.62) 11.90 11.89) Unknown a7] ooo 2323) 134.17] 7282] 23.22) 145] 20) 14.8) 320 vit] 0.00) 74.82} 387.69] 170.92) 3369) Vibration ro} 32] 13.18] 28.69] ti) 13.65] = 18], 1.0) a] 8 yo] 161] 17.28] 47.36] 15,30) 19.82} Unknown 12'| 004 1445 58.56] © 24.01] 16.39) 5.7] 08] 10.2) 240 wt} 202) ants] 7.77] 18.61] 23.78) Unknown rz} cod 14.45] 56.56) 27.01] 16.39] 5.1] 08| 102 2A rat] 202) 2ite] 57.77] 18.61] 23.78 AN modes ora" 0.16) 1038.22] 4671.32| 1852.75] 146668} 6.3] 0.3] 85] 25000 tova*| 6.30] 1501.47] 5666.15] 2080.96) 2128.25 [Comments (On demand probabity foe consequence cass: Crtical and fale mode: Falto start on demand = 1.9. 10* © OREDAOREDA-2002 99 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, to be continued Item: Compressors - Reciprocating AR [RO] &P [iu [RO [ris [WO [in| 100 [Nor ‘Aciuating device 0.00 [0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 | o00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 0.00, Base fame 0.00 [0.00 [000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00, Cabing & junction bores 028 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00. Casing 0.00 | 0.05 {0.00 | aco | 0.00 [000 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Check valves ‘0.00 | 0.00 [000 [aco [0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Conta unit 084 [000 | 000 | 000 | 009 | 019 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000) Coolers) 000 [0.00 [000 | o19 | 000 | 000 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [000 Coupling o diver ‘000 [0.00 | 000 | a00 | 037 [000 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000. Cylinder liner 028 {000 | 410 | 1.30 | 000 [000 | 000 [009 | 12.20 | 000 Fits) ‘0.00 | 000 | 009 | 009 [000 | 000 [000 [0.00 | 0.19 [000 Gearboxivar dive ‘000 | 0.00 [0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 {0.00 | 000. Instrument tow ‘037 [-000_[ 000 [000 | 000 | 009 | 0.90 [0.00 {0.00 | 000, Instrument. general ‘08s [000 | 000 [000 | 000 [009 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 000, Insrument eve 028 | 000 | 000 [009 {0.00 {0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Instrument pressure 205 | 000 | 000 | 037 [000 | 000 [ooo [000 [0.00 [0.00 Instrument, speed 003 [000 [0.00 [0.90 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 {0.00 | 0.00 Insrument, tomperaire 200 [0.00 | 009 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 [0.09 [0.00 Insrument. viration 079 [000_[ 000 [000 {0.00 | 000 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 Internal piping 0.00 | 000 [009 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Internal power supply 0.00 [000 [0.00 | 000 {000 | 000 {0.00 [70.00 [0.00 [0.00 interstage seals ‘000 [000 | 000 [014 [000 [000 J 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Monitoring ‘037_[ 000 [0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 [0.00 [000 [0.00 [0.00 C1 6.00 | 000 | 000 | 099 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 {0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 Otter 609 | 000 | 047 [028 {003 | 000 | 000 [0.00 [0.19 | 0.00 Packing ‘000 | 000 [047 | 009 [000 [a0 {0.00 [7.00 [0.00 [0.00 Piping ‘000 | 000 [009 [056 [000 [000 [0.00 [0.00 [o.00 [0.00 Ping, pipe support + bellows ‘0.00 [000 [009 [019 [000 [000 [0.00 [70.00 [0.00 [0.00 Piston() 000_| 005 [019 | 000 | 019 | 000 | 000 {000 | 0.00 | 0.00 ump winotar 0.00 | 0.00 | 037 | 028 | 000 | 003 [0.00 [ooo [2.79 [0.00 Pump winetogear 0.00 |-0.00 | 000 | 00 | 000 [000 [000 [000 [0.28 [0.00 ‘Seals 0.00 | 000 [00s | ooo | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [000 | 0.09 [0.00 Silencers ‘0.00 | 0.00 [009 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 [0.09 ‘Subunit 000 | -003 [oo | ooo | o19 | o37 [000 [000 [1.12 [0.19 Unknown 0.19 | 000 [019 | 009 | 000 | 019 | 000 [000 [093 [0.19 Vawes. 074 | 000 {130 | 042 | 019 | 009 [000 [og [3.63 [0.09 Towa zz fois [7a [428 [112 [is [oo [ois T2160 [oss The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable item/failure mode combination. @OREDAOREDA-2002 100 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued Item: Compressors - Reciprocating One [oma | POE_[ ser | sito [stp [unk [ust [wi [Sum Rewating device 0.00 0.00 [0.00 | o00 | 000 [009 [000 [000 [000 [0.09 Base fame, ‘0.00 [0.00 [000 | 186 [019 {000 [000 [00 [009 [214 Cabling & junction boxes ‘0.00 [0.00 [a9 [009 [00a [ooo [0s [009 [000 [074 Casing (0.00 | 0.00} 000 [0.00 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [000 | 0.05 Check vals (0.00 | 000 [0.47 | 009 | 000 [000 [000 [009 | 000 | 045 ‘Conrol unit 0.00 | 0.00 [076 | 090 [oo [ois [000 [028 [009 [251 Cooter} (0.00 | 0.00 [090 [000 {000 {0.00 [000 [000 | 008 [0.28 ‘Coupling to ver ‘0.00 | 000 [000 [000 [000 | 0.00 [000 [000 [009 [047 Cylinder snes 717 [009 [1.21 [065 | 0.47 | 000 [056 [028 [037 _| 26.77 Fiters} 0.00 | 0.00 foos | 14.25 | 0.00 | 000 {ooo [009 [000 | 14.80) Gearbodvar.crive 0.00 | 0.03 [000 | 009 | 000 {0.00 [a00 [000 | 00 | 019 Tnstnamert, fow_ ‘0.00 [0.00 [os | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 [000 | 000 [000 [1.30 Instument. general ‘000 [o.oo [oss [o19 | 000 000 [000 [009 | 000 | 7.86 Instument, level ‘000_[-0.00 [028 [00s [000 [000 [000 [009 | 000 | 084 Instrument pressure ‘000 | 0.00 [130 [028 | 000 | 000 | 000 [o19 | 000 [419 Inssument speed 0.00 | 0.00 | 009 [0.90 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 [900 [0.19 Insuument temperate 019 | 009] 1.12 | 0.00 [000 [000 [000 [028 [009 [3.96 Tnsuument viation ‘000 | 0.09 130 | 0.00 [000 [000 [0.00 [009 [019 [247 Immoral piping 009 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.47 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 | 009 [074 ‘ntornal power Supply ‘0.00 | 0.00 | 099 | 0.00 [000 | 0.09 | 0.00 J 000 | 0.00 [0.08 Interstage seas 0.00 | 0.00 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 000 | 0.14 Monitoring 0.00] 0.00 0.7 [028 | 000 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 1.40 Ou 0.00 [0.00 [090 [009 ooo [ooo [ois [oi [000 | 056 Other 000 [oar 019 [056 | 009 | 000 [1.02 [000 [009 | 354 Packing ‘000 | 000 [000 | 009 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.65 Piping ‘000 | 0.00 [000 | 028 | 019 [000 [ooo [o19 [000 [130 Piping, pipe suppor + belows ‘009 | 0.00 | 090 | 037 [| o09 [000 [000 | 000 | 09 [083 Piston() e00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 000 | 000 {0.00 | 009 [-o.00 | 000 [051 Pump winotor 0.00 [009 [ozs [028 | 000 |o09 [019 [ooo [000 [456 Pump wimetogear 0.00 | 0.00 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 000 | 0.26 ‘Seals 10.00} 0.00 foo | a19 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 000 | 037 Slences 0.00 [0.00 [000 | a00 [000 {000 [000 [00 [000 [og ‘Subunit 19 [oo [or [a2 [ooo [oo [ois [oo [009 [3.26 Unknown 074 [0.00 [047 [04 | 028 [000 [ois [oa [oze | 503 Vawves 037 | 009 [235 [06s | 000 | 000 [or [009 | o09 | 1094 Total eas) 1.02 [1238 | 21.97 | 149 [oar [326 [279 [177 [1000 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable item/failure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 101 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, to be continued Item: Compressors - Reciprocating aR [oro [a [ew [ero [ris [wo [im [100 [Nor Boocagelpuaged ‘000 [000 | ooo [a0 [000 | 000 [00 [000 | oo | 0.00 Breakage ‘0.00 [000 | 003 [ooo | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Clearence! alignment aiure ‘0.00 [000 | 000 [028 [0.00] 000 | 000 | 000 | avo | 0.00 Combined causes ‘000 [000 | 000 [oo [002 | 000 [000 {000 | aco | 0.09 Contamination ‘000 [000 | 000 [00 [0.00 | 000 [00 [000 | ooo [0.00 Conta! aiuxe ‘ooo [000 | ooo [oo [00s | o28 [0.00 000 | a00 [0.00 Corrosion ‘000 [000-000 | 00 | 000] 200 | 000 | 00 | 000 | 000 Deformation ‘000 [000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.09 Ectial are — general ‘000 [000 | 000 [aoe [0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | a.00 | 0.00 Erosion ‘000 [000 | 003 [00 [0.00 | 000 | 000 [00 | 000 | 0.00 External fluence - gover ‘009 [000 | ooo [ooo [0.00 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 Fauty signincicatonalrm ‘0.09 [0.00 | 000 [ooo | 0.00] 000 | 00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 instrument ature - general 652] 000 | 019 | 047 | 000 | 028 | 000 {009 | 1.02_| 0.00 Leakage ‘000 [000 [028 [028 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Looseness ‘000 [000 | ooo [oo [018 | 000 [000 {000 | a0 | 0.00 Material aor general ‘ooo [000 | 00s [037 0.00 | 000 [0.00 [000 [000 | 0.09 Mechanical Faure general 056 [009 | 670 | 233 | 003 | 009 | 000 | 009 | 1862 | 0.00 se, eceralinivences ‘019 [000 | 000 [aos | 000 [000 [000 [000 [37 [0.00 Mscelaneous - general 0.00 | 000 [-090 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 00 [0.00 [000 No cause found ‘000 [000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | avo | 0.09 Open creat ‘037 [000 | 003 [aos | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Other ‘000 [009 [ooo [ooo | 0.00 | 000 [00 {000 | 000 | 0.00 (Ou of adusiment 028 [000 | ooo [ooo | 000 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Overheating ‘000 000 | cos [00s [003 [000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 ‘Short creuting 028 [000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | a00 | 0.00 Software faire ‘013 | 000 | ooo [ooo | 000 | 000 | 000 {000 | a00 | 0.00 Unenown ‘oar [000 | cos [os [ooo | 047 [000 | 000 | 1.40 | 0.19 ization ‘019 [000 | ooo [aos [000 | 000 | 000 [000 [00s | 0.00 Wear 000 [000 [009 [a09 056 | 000 | 000 | ooo | 003 | 000 Tata 972 fois | 792 [428 [112] 112 [000 [019 | 21.60 | 0.56 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptor/falure mode combination. @OREDAOREDA-2002 102 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, continued tem: Compressors - Reciprocating HE [Om [PoE [SER [sro [stp _[ unk [usr [ve Sun Biocagelpuaned ‘0.00 | 000 [000 | 009 [000 [00 [019 [ooo | 000 [076 Breakage ‘0.00 [000 | 0.00 | 060 [000 | 000 [009 [000 | 009 [028 Clearance! aignment ale 00 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | ooo [0.00 [0.00 [028 Combined causes 00 [0s | ooo | 000 [000 | 009 | 000 | 000 | 000 [037 Cortination ‘00 [000 | 09 [ozs [000 | 000 [-0.19_| 000 [0.00 [056 Convo faire 0.09 | 000 | 009 | 003 | 009 [000 | 000 [037 [000 [1.12 Conosion 10.00 | 000 | 009 | 028 [000 | 000 | 000 [009 [0.00 [07 Defomaion 2.00 [.000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 | 00 | 000 [0.00_[ 0.00 | 0.09 lotic fale gener ‘0.00[ 000 {0.00 | 000 [000 | 000 | 009 [000 [0.00 [0.09 Erosion (000 [090 [000 [0.00 | ooo [000 | 018 [000 [000 | 028 Exernalinivence general ‘0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000-000 | 000 [a0 [0.00 | 0.09 Fauty sqnatindeatonaarm 000] 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 [0.007 0.09: Tsuen fare - general 086 [0.19 | 764 {102 [00s] 028 [000 [037 [009 | 1881 Loskage 09 | 000 | 000 [028 | 00 | 000 {00 | 0.00 {000 [oss Looseness 10.00 000 [000 [009 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.28 Maes faiuro- gener (0.00 | 000 [000 003 | 000 | 000 [028 | 000 [000 [oss Mecnanical Faire - general 736 [037 [233 | 797 [112 [oo [093 [oss [oss [024 Wis, extra inluences ‘0.00 [000 [009 [000 [000 | 000 [009 [ooo —[o19[a.02 Miscellaneous - gonerl ‘0.00_[-037 [000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 [009 [00 [0.00 [07 No cause found ‘0.00 [000 [000 [000 | ooo | ooo | ooo [oo [000 | 009 Open ercut ‘090000 [om [ors | 00 | 000 | 00s [00s [0.00 | 1.68 Other 0.90} 000 [000] 102] 000 [000 | 000 | ooe [000 [1.21 (Ou of aosrent 10.00 | 000 [0.19 | 000 | 00 | 0 [000 | 0.09 [0.00 [056 ‘Overheating 7037_| 000 [019 | 000 | 000 | 0 [009 [06 [0.00 [1.49 Short creuting| 000 [000 {000 | 000 | 000 | oo [000 | 009 [000 [037 Sotware fare (0.00 [000 [085 | 0.00 | 000 | 00 [000 | o00 [000 “fost Unknown ‘037 [000009 [0.19 | 009 | 000 | 093 [000 [0.00 [438 Vian 0.00 [000 [019 [037 | 009 | a0 {000 [037 _[oz8 [7.68 Wear 0.00 00 | 000 | 000-00 | 0.00 [000 [000 [0.19 | 1.02. Tos! eas 102 [238 [2197 [ae [os | 326 [279 [177 [1000 “The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorfallure mode combination, @OREDAOREDA-2002 103 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item na24 Machinery Compressors Recprocetng etre aren Population | Installations ‘Aggregated ime in service (10*hours) No of demands 2 10 Cotendartime™ Operational ime T 36658 0.7323 0.5045 Failure node Woof Failure rate (por 10 hours) ‘Ratve | _Repair(wanhours) atures [ Lower [ Mean | Upper [ SD [nf reps |Win | Mean | Max erica 367°] oil 347.08] 1678.18] 69322] soviet — sa] 05) 130] 2500) seit] 020) 45195) 1951.42] 756.79) 727.25 Aonormal inset reading +] ooo 186-790] 308) 137] 160) 160] 160) 160 1] or 219} 609198] 195 Breakdown z| 009 227] .4|— 232] 273] 1165] 740] 405] 2070) 2| oo} 3a} 1062] 377} 3.98 Ease op z| ooo] 504] 2149] 830) 273] 200) 0] 140] 200 2*| aos] 1326 50.89) 18.64) 3.96 External eakage- Process 4a} 00) 6.68] 201.90] 10072] 5463] 3-05] ga} at medium 4ot{ on} 45.55] 24692] 174.85] 7924 Extemal leakage Uuity median} 16") 0.00] 17.39) 8297| 3403] 21.85) 3.4} 1.0/8] vet] 006] 2415] 954i] 3556] 31.71 Fao star on demand i} aor] 1540) 65.18} 25.07] 15.02} 39.4] 40) 420] 2080 ait] oo] 3742) 166.98) 65.98] 2120) alo stop on demand z| 0.00] 452} 1993] 7.83] 273] 35] as toa) tad] 2] 0.00] 9.20 40.96] 16.16] 3.8 Low output oo} 122.03] 663.02| 308.86} 191.19] 6.2] 05] 109] 1680 oo} 140.44) 75291] 347.39) 277.42 Noise ooo 381] 17.89] «7.30 © 273] «© 23.0] 40) 185/30 oo] 872} 3982] 15.93] 3.96] Otter oo} 419] 2060] 681.37 0) | 10/10) 0.00 1007] 4420) 17.30) 1.98 Overheating oo] 58.83] 305.92] 135.0] 87-40] 38/05] 82! 360 0.00] 7266) 356.65] | 149.99) 126.82 Parametr deviation oo] 42.79] 231.70] 107.70 6282] 159| 05/21] 2500) oo] $310) 275.04] 121.17] 91.15] Spurious stop rag} 43.47] 104.22] 31.29) 40.7] 120 1.0] 139] 48.0 31.64 6324 10364) 22.20) 5945] 003) 7.26 © 26.79 © 9.80] 683] 11.4] 20) 138] 360 1.56} 10.08] 24.79) 7.56] 9.91 Stra decency Vieration 003} 6632413] 8.1883, §= 40] 10] 78280) 293] 977] 19.90) 5.35) at Degraded 0.80] 269.46) 1051.97] 39037} 329.12] 73] 03| 85/1280 5.96] 463.96 1488.90] 538.67) 477.57 ratio output 134 2458) 72.95] 24.291 1093] © 360] 80] 29.496. 42} 50.60] 138.09] 4451) 15.85 o.oo) 2442] 126.96 56.36] 32.78] 22] 05] 39] 24a 0.00] 3468] 157.98] 62.96] 47.56} ore] 9se} 30.71] 11.10 1093] 49] 03) 7.3220 asi] 14103749] .g]__ 15.85 External leakage - Process media External leakage - Uity medium [Comments (cont) © OREDAOREDA-2002 104 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no nem 124 Machinery Compressors Reciprocating Blecticdiven Population | Installations ‘Aggragated timo in service (10* hours) No of demands 32 10 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 36658 0.7328 0.5046 Failure mode Failure rate (per 10* hours). ‘ative [Repair (manhours) Lower [ Mean [ Upper [ SD | nt | rophrs | Min | Mean | Max Felt Sar on dorand oo) 140} —zea’—13v] to] tof] oo 19] 753] 279) 138 Fait to stop on demand 03) 283] 747] 236] 273] 33] os] 3] oor] 374 142] 558] 3.96) ternal eakage a3) 283] 72.47] 236 273] 2a] 0] sof oor) 3741482] 5.58] 3.96| Low ouput 0.27] 1070s 42257] 157.47] 12564) 11.3) 05] ta] 1280} 26] 21465} @83.00] 334.94) 18231 lotner “| aoof 419] 2060] sea} 137 300} 300} 300] 1{ 0.00] 1067} 4420) 17.30] 1.98 Overheating x] o2i) 2856) © 9552| 3504) rai] 78 10] 03] zt} 6aq] si.ri} 100.53] 30.29) 45.58) Parameter deviation 65'| coo] 573i 30491] 2o1gi e877} 18] 03] 2a] 100 est} 0.00] 6858) 366.56] | 239.26) 128.0 Sutra defciency s| cos} 68] 24.11] 91] 63] 37) 5] 54] 100 st] 23] a7] 19.90] 5.35] Unknown 6] 008} 12.24 44.50 1644) ara) 33.0] 40) © 335] SA et os} 3193] irra} st07) rr} Vxaxon 4} or] Saf 1799] 8:3) 546] 12] 10] 1] a8 at} oor] a6 3649) 1385] 7.99 Incipient 4s4-| 003] 42759) 1970.30] 791.74] 61993) 3603] 45] 1160) asat| 191] 615.73] 2307.48) 998.66] 899.65] Abnormal instument reading 98'| ao] 90.60] 433.07] 178.09) 13383] = 31] a3} 34) aa eat] 022] 127.28] 513.02] 192.92) 194.20) atc otpur zoo 50s] 21.49] 830) 273] of 50] 2] 003 1326 5059) 1864] 3.95 External leakage - Process 207] 065) 28.02} 2620) 30.24] 2731] 130] to] 148] 159 medium zat] 708] 42.08) 101.31] 30.50] 3963 External ieakage Unity medium] — 22°] 13.36 3127] $528 1301 300s] 97] t0.7] 1160) zt) 835] 4a40 rrr] 25.74) 43.60) Minor in serie problems 23s'| 0.00) 20063) 109931] s14s0] 32223] 16) 03] 2] 20) zaet| 0.00) 231.74] 124976] 579.27] 467.65 Noise | oa} 624 18.33] G09] 548] 19.7] 50] 168) 330 at] 10s} 96a] 2549] 807] 7.93 tres x} ore 282} 73.45] 2697] 1229] 17] 10] 89) 200 st] 060 46.30) 148.35] 5363) 17.83 Overheating s| 269] 1166 2540] 7:37] 1093 139/20] 133) St.) at] are} 174s] 5.00) 1405) 1585 Parameter deviation z| aoe] 23.21| 9782] 3755 3004] 55] 10] 56) 2 zat] oq ers] 103.93] 359e| 43.60) (Comments (cont) @OREDAOREDA-2002 105, OREDA-2002 FTaxonomy no tem 1424 Machinery Compressors Reciprocating Electric ven Population | Installations, ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) Wo of demands 32 10 Calendar time: (Operational time F 36658 07323, 0.5086 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 10° hours), ‘Active [Repair (manhours) faitures | Lower | Mean | Upper [ SD [iz _| vop.tws { Min [ Mean [Max Structural deficincy 7 TT |) 80 et] o2i] 1083] 3362] 11.90) 11.89 Unknown 17] 0.00] 23.23] 13417] 72.82) 23.22] 145) 20] 145] 320 ait] 0.00) 74.82] 387.69] 170.92] 33.69] Vibration or] 321] 13.18] ©2869] nn] 13.65] 18] 1.0) 27] rot} 16] 17.28] 47.36) 15.30] 19.82 [Unknown rz} 00d 14.45] 56.56] 21.01] 16.39] 5.7) 08| © 10.2] 24.0 vat} 202) ants} 57.77] 1861] 23.78) Unknown rz} ood 14.45] 56.56) 27.01] 16.39] 5.7] 08} 10.2] 4 rt] 202] 2i.te} 57.77] 18.61] 23.78) All modes 1074'| 0.16] 1038.22} 4671.32| 1852.75] 146668] 6.3] 03] 85/2500) ro7at| 6.30] 1501.47] 5666.15] 2089.96) 212825) (Comments [On demand prosablty for consequence class: rica and fre mode: Fall to start on demand = 1.9 104 © OREDAOREDA-2002 106 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem saa Mectinery Compressors Reciprocating Electric erven (100-1000) «W Population | Installations ‘Aggrogatod time in service (10* hours) No of demands 8 8 Calendar time ™ ‘Operational time T 36688 0.3669 0.2195 Failure mode Woot Faiture rate (per 10* hours) ‘Active [Repair (manhours) feitwres | Lower | Mean | Upper_[ SD [nA _| repivs | Win_[ Mean [Max (Critical 2] 1257] 62.29) 20298 6202 76.31| 307/10, 28.0] 2040 zat} 1843) 170.90) 453.76) 144.08) 127.56] Abnormal instrument reading 1] ooo} 309) 1862) 672] 273] 160] 160] 160) 160 it] oor} 480) 1897] 7.07] a6 Erratic output Z| 005 sea) 23.40] 862] 545] 200] a0] 14/2 2] oo} tai} 69.19] 2552] an Fado start on demand 8] ooo} 17.771 8271] 3351] 180] 523] 80] 556] 2040) st] o.oo} 45.19} 233.41] 10206) 36.45 Fai to stop on demand 1} ooo] 555] 27.02] 1125] 273 | 180} 180] 189) it! 0.00 13.68] 63.85] 259i] 4.56 Noise v} ooo} 555] 27.02] 125) 273 | 40} 40) ad 1] 000) 13.68] 6385) 251] 4.56 ter 1} ooo} 555] 27.02} 11.25) 273 ol to. 638s] 2591 456 Spurious stop a3] on 105.55] 37.48) 3543] 181] 10] 174] 380 at) a7. 12.92] 35.15) 59.23 Setura dency 1] 0.09 1562] 672) 273) 36.0] 360 360) 36 1] 00 1agi] 707] 456) Degraded ex] 021 coosz| 227.11} 17168] 283] 20/278] 1280 6"| 0.0 re1a.72] 634.87] 287.02 Eratic output a] 358 8456] 26.73) 21.80] 360| 80) 29.4] 960 st] 699) 18063] 87.68] 36.45} Extrnal feakage- Process 1} 000) vis6] 448) 273 medium at] ono] v799] 640] 456) Extrnatleakoge- Unity medum| 1" 0.03 186] 273] 2731 so] 60] go] at] 0.05] 259] 456] 456 Low ousput a0'| 0.09 401.36, 19140] 10901] 289] 20/288] 1280 40} 0.09) 1913.74] $25.67] 182.23} other vs} a0 2702 1125, 233} 300] 300] 300) at] 00g] 6385] 25g) 4.56] Overheating a} aoe) 39.02] 1442) 1090] 23.5 25] 235] 48 a] ony 5697] 7100) 1822] Parameter deviation 1} aod) m6] 448) 273} «= 1.0 100) 100-100 tt 0.19] 1799] 6.40] 456] Unknown 6} 1 aii} 1542] 16.35] 330] 40] 335] 640 st} 27 153.69] 96.79) 27.34 Vieation vr}. mise] 44a} 2.73 1 0.9] 1799] 640] 456) ine so} 0.9 asrai] 17289| 16079) 164] 10| 158/160) sot] 021] 133495] 51353] 258.20 [Comments (cont) © OREDAOREDA-2002 107 OREDA-2002 [Taxonomy no. tem ata Machinery [Compressors Reciprocating Electric driven (100-1000) KW. Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hours) No of demands 18 8 Calendar time * ‘Operational time F 36688 0.3669 0.2195 Failure mode Wo of Failure rate (per 10* hours), ‘Active |__ Repair (manhours) {feilures| Lower | Mean | Upper [SD | nft_| ropitws | Min | Mean [Max Aonormal instrument reading er} 62] 20-78] 4223/1134) 2180/48] 20,48] (8 st} 005] 39.87] 163.47] 61.93) 36.45 Eratc oupat 2] 005] 6a] 23.40] © 8.62} 5.45] = 80], 5.0) 85} 2] 008] 18.37] 69.19] 2852.11 External leakage - Process 6| 0.08} 1664] 61.16] 22.59] 1635] 30.2) 60) 30.2) 1150} medium et] 1.90] 30.93] 9053) 3002) 27.34 Extemal eakage Unity medium] 9" 2.86] 23.66] 61.21] 19.15 2483] 19.1) 1.0) 20.1160} st] 020f 45.65] 171.19] 63:17| 41.00 Minor in-service problems s| 0.79 11.25] 32.32] 1065) 1363) 9.4} 2o| aa] st} 0.05 20.52 © er.20] 3028) 22.78 Noise 3| 233] 8.60] tan] ago) ata] 197] $0} 197) 330 at} 0.13] 1560] 52.15] 1913) 1367 Other 4] 0.03] 25.88] 106.13) 40.22) 10.90} | 40} 128] 200) at] 0.25, 62.60, 239.91) 8837) 18.22 Overheating z| 099} 5.49} 12.98) 3.85] 545] 41.5] sto] sto] st) 2} 0.00] 1335] 60.91] 24.29). Parameter deviation 2] o12} 44a} 13.72 4.78] 545] 3.5] 20) 38] 50} a] 089] = 7.83] 2051) 646). Unknown 17] 0.00] 30.22] 175.28] 95.66] 4633] 14.5) 20) 14.5] 320} ait] 00] 95.16] 52498] 264.13] 7745} Virason r] 00s] 235] 758] 279) 223 5 it] aos} 392] 1250] 456] 455 All modes veo] 191] s4ads} 1240.08] 46150} 408.79] 23:7] 10] 22] 2040) rsot] 1.22] 843.29) 3433.54] 1297.25] 683.38| [Comments (On demand probity for consequence class: Crtical and fare mode: Fal to stat on demand © OREDAOREDA-2002 108 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Them i212 Machinery Compeessors Reciprocating lotic driven (1000-3000) Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10" hours) No of demands 2 1 alondar time * Operational time 0.1248 0.0563 Failure mode Woot Failure rate (par 10° hours). ‘ative ir (manhours) taitures | Lower | Mean | Up Th _| reps [Min | Mean [Max rial T| 2631] 5607] 105.33 e607] 433/40] 810) 207.0) 7} 5630) 11898) 225.39 119.8] Breakdown z] 284 16.02] 50.42 1602] 1165] 740] 1405) 2070) 2| 608] 34.28) 10789 34.28 External leakage - Process r] cao] 801380 go] aol 0} ao} a mockum at| o@s} art at.33 m4 Feito sta on demand z} 284) 1602] 50.42 1602] 55] 40] 65] 8 2t| 608] 34.28) 10789 329 Noise vr} a4] gor] 3801 801] 290] 330) 330] 330) at| owe] a7.14) 8.33 m4 Spurious stop v} o4o] 801} 3800 gol] 220] 220 220] 220) at] ogs| 714) 81.33 maq Degraded 1} a4o} gon] 3801} soi] 90) 220] 220] 220) tt} 0.96] 17.44 81.33 Exemnalleakage- Usity medum! "| 040) B01] 3807 a4] sor] a0} 220) 220] 220 t rr 81.33 wad Incipiont 10 0:10) 135.85) goto} 44) 20) 8 10 17140] 290.89) 140) Abnormal instrument reading z| 24) 6.02} 50.42 102] 50) 20] 50] 80 2] 608] 34.26 107-89 External leakage Usity medium] 3°] 657) 2403) 62.12 at] 1405] 51.42] 13292 34.28] oi] = 30] 20) 30] 4 51.42 Minor in-service problems z| 284 1602] 50.42 woo] ss] 30] 55] 80 2] 8.0e] 3426) 10789 a2] Noise v| 04g] 801] 3801 801 so] aol 80 at] oge] 17.14 81.33} m4 Otner v} 04g] Bor] 3801 ao} 40) 40) 40] 1] oss 1714 81.39 m4 Vixation +} oa) gat] 3801 ao] so] 60 60] 0 it] gf 714} 8133 4 Al modes 93.18) 144.18] 213.78] 144.18] 144.18| 20.7] 20) 23:7) 20700 tet] 199.39] 308.52] 457.46] 306.52] 200.62| [Comments @ OREDA,OREDA-2002 109 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no em 11213 Machinery Comoressors Reciprocating Erecre even 2000-10000). Tnstalatons ‘Aggregated tne in service (10° hours) No of demands 2 Calendar ime™ Operational eT 0.2405 02268 Faiuremode Noof Faire rate (per 10¢ hours) ‘Reve [__ Repair (manhours) Tower | Moan | Upper [SD [ni _| reps | in Max rica 1181.54) 138057] 158247] 12508] 139087] 66] 08] 11.0) 2500) 1252.81] 1463.84) 168e.s2| 132.57] 14634 Exenal leakage - Process 3g} 2024] 16210] 417.18] 13018] 16218 37] 05] G6) at median got] 24a i798] 44234] 13803) 17195 Exernalleakage-Uity mesiom] 16°] 29.93] 6853] 11484) 2630) 6653] © 3.4] 1.0] 6} 500 wet] and 7055] s2t77] za) 70589 Fao sarton demand oz} ate} 124s} ag] ate] a] oo] oz aa} az] am] aa Fait stop on demand oz] ato 24s] ato] ate] 5] 35] 35] a oz} asi] nazi] an] aa] Low ouput vor] a1s.oq] 592.17] 17240) 10907] $82.17 62] 08] 109] 1680) aot] 440.1] 1723] vega) T1565) 61729 Overreating car} zizee| 266.13] 3231] 32.27) 266.13] 3] 0s] 82} 360) sat] 226.7] 202.19] sx260 35.27] 282.19 Parameter devin | ae] eat] tarzaf 375.72] 9805] i912] 159] 05] aa] 2800) ast] 68.95) 20282] 360.36] 103.97] 20282 Spurious sop re] 4175] 66.53] 9604] 1663] 66.53] 6a] 10] 108) a set] a¢2q] 7055] 10183] 1764) 70.55 Smeusal oeficerey +] or} 1663{ 5556] 2037] 1663) 32) 20] 6a] 120 a| ons} 176s saan] zi] 1764 Vaxation s| sao] 2079] azn] 11.26) 2079) 40) 10-76] 280 st] 62} zo} 457i] 12.47] 22.05 Degraded am] 29337] 736.03) 1341.07] 32595] 73603] 2403] 38] at. amt] 31107] 700.42] tazige] 345.61] 700.2 Exeral leakage - Process zz} 1516) 95.464] 23.00] 7108 95.64 22] 05] 35] 240 medium zat} 1606] sort] 2a790| 75.34] 101.41 Exernalleskage-Uiny meson] 6°] 923) 2495) 4.1] 11.76 2495 a a3] a7] st] 97) 2645] 4974) 1247] 25.46 Fao sar on demand +] o2] 416) 124s] 415) 4.6) 10] 1.0) 1010 at] oz} aa} 132] aa] aan Fakta sop on demand z| oa] axe] zai] 8.32] 8323] os] aa} at) 04a] a2} 26.41] 882] 8.82 nora eakege zi oa] 32] zai] 832] 8.32] 2a] 10] tal 7. 2 oad) 8.8o] 25.41] 82] 8.82 Low ouput sz] rsaes| 216.23) 28732] 40.74] 216.23] 25 05] 4a} aoa s2t| 16213] 229.28] 046s] 43.20] 22923 Overheating i] 51.73] 7901] 11099) a3] 7901] 46 10] 72] ot] saa] e3.77] 11768) 19.22] saz Parameter deviton cr] 230) 266.13] e881] 225.95] 266.13] 1803] 19] cat] 243] 2e2o] 94253) 345.61] _ 202.19 [Comments (cont © OREDAOREDA- 2002 110 OREDA-2002 FFaxonomy no ter 11213 Mactinery Compressors Reciracaing Elect arven 3000-10000)" Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10*hours) Wo of demands 2 2 Calendar time ™ ‘Operational time * 0.2405 02268 Faire mode No of Faire rte (por 10¢ hours), Teaive | _ Repel (menhours] taitures | Lower | Mean | Upper [SD [aft repiws [Min | Mean | Max Sete! dco =] say 207 aanif 117)’ 2070) «= 3.7] st Sal (100) st 62s] 2205) a5] 1247] 2205 \traon 3] ai] r2ae] 2.8 7.20 1248, 12] tof] 3] 362] 132] 776] 764) 13.23) Incipient 3es;| 1138.37] 160096] 2128.16] 302.16) 160095] 20] 03] 30) a7 est] 1207.03] 169753] 225653] 220,30] 1697.53 ronarmatinsrumentveadng | @8°| 30422] 26893] 432.38) 3901] 36593] 29] 03] 33) set] 32257] sa8.01] 45846] 41.26] 38801 Excernat leakage - Process var] aig] 58.22] 109.73) 2758) © $8.22 © 3.4] 1.0) a] a7 medium saat] z26o] 6173] 11635] 29.25] 6173 Exteralleakage-Utity medum| 10°] 21.04) 4158) 67.76) 1440) ate] 7] 0330] 4) rot] 2231} sao} 7185] 1527] 409) Minor in-service problems zaer| 480s} 95226] 153661] 323.19) 95225] 14) 03] 25) 28 zzst| 519.40) 100970) 1631.41) 342.67], 1009.70 ote a] seq] 1663] 32.25, 832 1663] 14] 10,8] 80 a{ 6.02] 1764) 3419) 882} 17.84 Overheating s] 923] 2499] © a6gn| 11.70] 2495 28] 20) 5.2] 120 et] 975) 26s) 49.74] 1247] 26.5 Pecameterdeviaton zo} 860] 3.17] 125.24] 2352] eaa7] 5] 10] sa} 2a ot] 5153] aB.1e] 13279) 24.94) 8.18 Smucurldtciency | 923] 24a5| angi] 14.76) 2495] 14] 5] 2] et] 97g] 2648) 49.74] 1247] 26.46 ization s| 1655] 3327] sta] 11.76 3327) 12) 10] 22] at| 175] 3527] 5798] 12a] 3527) Unknown rz zean] ago] 772] ao] asso) 7] 0} 102) 249 wat) anss}_s291] 9029] 1527] 2a] Unknown vz] pac] 4990) 75:72] 1440] 49.90 5.7] 08/102) 240 vat] 3953] s2ar] e029] 15.27] S29 AN modes 76747} 4556.71] 461.16) 376747] 39] 03| 63) 2500) 3004.71] _403163| 489.00) 3994.71 ‘Comments © OREDAOREDA-2002 111 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no em a3 Machinery Compressors Seren Population | Installations “Agoregated time in service (10* hours) No of demands 4 6 Calendar timo” ‘Operational time F 38694 1.1045 5004 Faituremode Failure rate (per 10° hours). ‘Retive [__ Repair (manhours) Tower [Mean [ Upper [| SD | nt | ropes | Win | Mean | Max Grical 0.00} 11604) 60989) 27574) 7153) = 1471.0] 32]_—*1630 0.00] 140.03) 760.79) 373.30) 13381 Era otput 4| ooo 7.41] 40.83) 20.46) © 362] 6a] zo] 8} 150) at] 000) 979] 53.89) 2682) 6.7) Entrna leakage Process 2| ooo] 226 ©~— toi} ag) a81] 175] 120} 290] a8. medium 2t| 0.00) 3541562) 143.30 External leakage-Utity medum] 70.00] 1288)-«71.55| +3687] 6.34 14.1) 130) © 389] 960 7] 0.00) 1630] 92.68) 49.60} 11.86 Fal o start on demand ve| ooo} rego] 83.77] 32.98] 1086) © 59) 10) 8] 20} rt} 003] arr] 11254) 42.74) 20.33 Low output 17] ooo} 1829] r006] 4765] © 9.96] 16.2] 20) © 26.7] 1630 vit] ooo] 2294] 126.59} 63.76] 18.68] Nose rr] oof = a.1} 62] 37] ogi] 730} 760} 760) 780 tt} ooo, © 164789] 3.25] 169 Omer 1} ooof = 11} 6.2]. 37], ogi], zo} to] 20) 7 tt} ooo = 164789] 3.25] 169 Overheating | 000} 5.63] 25.8) 10:19) = 3.62201] 20/208) 700 at} 005] 7.60 25.26] 968] 6.78 Parameter deviation z| oo} 251} 94a} a5) 1.81] 108} 11.0} 218) 32.0} at} a0, 439] 273] aa) 3.3 Spurious stop ae} 000 4783] 248.15] 109.74) 30.78] 158] 20] 23.6) 14800 ait] 0.00} e001} 31943) 146.54] 57.59] Swuctral decency 1] oof 162} 857] 389] oma] r.5} #30) 43.0) 480) tt] oo 19 766] 285] 1.69 ded 94] 0.00] 14559] 790.98] 306.44) 95.11] 9.7] 1.0) 184] 1230 gat] 0.00) 166.70) 964.75) szaei] 159.22 | Abnormal instrument reading fy] ee We) Cal] en) CO) Peet) ee a co tt} ooo) 164) 789) 3.25} 169 Eratic output 5] 000] 836] 44.28) 20.22] 483} «= 6.9) 20) 106| 380 st] 0.00, 11.16] © 58.03) 5.80) a7 Exterat leakage - Process 5] oof sar] 4447 20.24 453} = 28) tof a] 150 medium st} ooo) 11.79) 60.36] 26.12] 8.7 Exeralleekoge-Utity mecum] 28°] 000) 45:78) 251.84) 12436] 25:35) 107] 10] 189) 1110 zat} 0.00} $3.70) 314,26] 169.39) 47.43] Internal leakage tr} oof 4.12] za} a7] 0g] 48.0] 48.0] 48.0) 48.0 it} ooo] 1.64789) 3.25] 1.69 Low output | ooo] 5.48] 32.94] 19.24 5.43] 5] 20} 65) 120 st] ao] aod) 43a) z2.2if 10.16 Noise tr] oof 1.42} zi} 37} ogi} 180] 150) 150} 15.0 it] oof 1.64] 78a] 3.25] 1.9 [Comments (cont © OREDAOREDA-2002 112 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem a3 Mactinery Compressors Screw Population | Installations “Aggregated time in service (10° hours) No of demands 4 6 Calendar ime” Operational time ™ 39604 1.1045 0.5004 Failure mode Noot Faire rate (per 10° hours) “Rete |__ Repair (nanhours) ures | Lower | Mean | Upper | SD Mean [Max er Se] 00o) 1326, 66.10) 28.9) ‘oa 1280 at] oof 1967} 9362) 3843 Overheating x} ooo 32} 1657} 758] 272] 1.0) 160] 200) 240} 3t} ooo} 5.15) 27.86] 84) .08 Parameter deviation 33] 000] sei] 32877] 173.25 © 2988] 84] 20] 15.7] 010 ast} 000] 67.77} 360.86] 238.35] 55.90) Seuctsal defcieney 2| ooo] 364) 2001] 94g} tai] ga} ao] t2s} 170) 2t{ ooo] 483) 567] 1143] 3.39 Incipient siz] 000] 179.70) 98742] 47783] 1or4i] 150] 1.0) 282} 961.0 sizt) 0.00) 212.34) 1217.73] 657.06 189.71 Abnormal instrument reading 65'| 0.00] 107.89] 59667] 303.32] 5885] 63) 10) 105| 1760 est} 0.00) 12375] 677.24] 416.91] 10.10) External leakage - Process vr} ooo] 1.62} 857| 389] ogi] 10) 20) 20) 2 medium it] oon} 196) © 7.65} 285} 1.69 Extermalteakage -Uity medium] 5] 01] $97] 246i] 944453] 55] 10) 104) 380) st] a2} 968] 29:33] 1008) 8.47 Minor inservice problems sr] ooo} 2.11] 28782] 14562] 2007] 35] 10] 62} 230 ait} 000] 61.03] 34285] 19027] 5251 Other +} ooo 523] 2689] 1093] 362] 3212) 10] A820) 961.90 4] 0.900} 10.80] 49.56) 1984) 6.78 Parameter deviation | ooo] 5:74) 2606] 10:37] 362| 43] 20] 57] a at 00s} 875] 34.18] 1269) 6.78) Smucral dfiency 2} ooo] 23} «72 505) 181] 65] 100] 130) 160 2{ o.oo 397} esi] 751] 3.9] Uriknown 6] 006 1568) 60.26] 2221] 543] 0] 80] 117/60 et] ats] 253} 11950] 44.14) 10, (or 2| 000) 620) 32a 145i] 181 | sof so} 00) 2! coo] 1483) 73.00] 3079] 3.39 Unknown 4] coo} 957] 4326] 1719] 362 50] 0] 130] 16 4} oof 1810] erga} zest 6.78 At modes zar-| 0.00] 456.05] 2473.49] 1149611 263.47] 13:1] 1.0] 226] 9610 zit] 0.00] aaa] 3034.94] 1575.1] 492.90 [Comments con demand probably for consequence clas: Crtical en feisre made: Fito start on demand = 1.8 104 © OREDA.OREDA-2002 113 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, to be continued tem: Compressors - Screw AR [RO [EP [HU | eRO [ATS | WO | IM | 100 | NOL Base Fame ‘000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 {0.00 | 000, Bearing ‘000 [000 [000 [137 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 {0.00 | 000. Cabling & juncion boxes 034 [000 [000 [000 {000 [000 [000 [0.00 {0.00 | 000. Casing ‘000 [0.00 [000 [000 | 000 | o00 | 090 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 Control uni ‘0.00 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 049 | 034 | 000 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 000 Coolers) 0.00 [0.00 [000 [086 [000 [0.00 [090 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000, Coughing io diver ‘0.00 {0.00 [a00 [034 | 000 | 0.00 | 090 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000, Dry gas seal ‘000 [000 [a0 [ass [000 [ooo | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000) Fie) ‘017 [000 [000 | o69 | 000 | o00 | 090 | 090 | 0.69 | 0.00 Instrument fw 034 [000 | o00 [aco [0.00 [000 [090 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00, Instrument, general 12 [000 [000 [000 [0.00] 000 [0.00 [000] a.00 [0.00 Instument eve 069 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 034 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 Instument, pressure 653 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 000) Instrument. speed 034 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 | aoa | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 Instrument temperane 928 [0.00 [000 [ooo [0.00 [1.03 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 0.00, Insiument, vibration 034 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00, Internal piping 0.17 | 000 [034] 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 0.00_| 0.00 Internal power pp) 1034 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.34 [0.00 [0.00] 0.00 0.00, Interstage seals ‘000 [oo [000 [0.00 [000 | a00 [000 [000 | 000 | 0.00 Lube oi ‘0.00 [000 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 069 | 0.00 Monitoring ‘069 [oo [0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 Ou ‘0.00 [000 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 000 | 0.00” | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 Other ‘000 | 000 [036 [034 [000 | 000 | 000 | o0o | 0.34 | 0.00 Piping 0.00 | 000 [000 [326 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00_| 0.00 Piping, pipe support + bellows 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 Pump wimotor e.00 [0.00 [0.00] 0.00 [0.00 | 000 J -0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Purge ai 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [034 [0.00 [0.34 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Radial bearing ‘000 [0.00 [000 [000 {000 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 {0.00 [000 Reservok wheding system 034 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 Rotor wl impellers ‘000 | 0.00 [0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.34 ‘Seals ‘o00 [0.00 [000 [034 {000 | 000 | 090 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 ‘Sha sas ‘000 | 0.00 foz4 [344 | 000 | 000 | 090 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000. ‘Suburit ‘069_| 000 [034 [069 | 000 | 000 | 00 [034 | 103 | o34 Union 10.00 [0.00 [0.34 [068 | 000 | 069 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 Valves: 069 | 000 | 1.03 | 069 | 241 | 1.03 | 0.00 | 000 | 309 | 000 Total 22.68 | 000 | 275 | 1375 | 309 | 412 | 090 | 034 | 58¢ | 069 ‘The figures are percentages of the total fallure rate for the actual maintainable itervfailure mode combination. @OREDAOREDA-2002 114 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued tem: Compressors - Screw OH [orm [por [ser [sro [sip [unk [ust [ve] Sun Bose fame, (0.00 | 0.00 [000 [000 [03+ {000 [000 [00 | 000 [034 Bearing 0.00 [000 [000 [000 [034 [000 [000 [000 [000 [72 Cabling & junction boxes ‘0.00 | 069 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [000 [000 [00 [7.03 Casing 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | o69 {000 [000 [-o00 [000 [0.00 {069 Control unt 0.00 [034 034 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 069 [0.00 [2.41 Coolers) ‘024 [oat [034 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 [046 [0.00 [2.35 Coupling to arver 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 034 Dry gas seal ‘0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 {034 [000 [00 | 000 [000 [103 Fiter(s) 0.00 [oss | 172 [069 [000 [000 [ooo [ox [000 [441 Insvumert tow ‘0.00 | 0.00 [000 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [034 Instrument, gonera (0.00 | 0.00 [000 [034 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [000 | 2.05 Instrument, level (0.00 | 000} 000 | 069 | 000 [000 [000 [000 | 00 [172 Instrument. pressure ‘000 [0.00 [1903 |os9 [000 [000 [000 [1.72 [000 [9s Insrument, speed ‘0.00_[ 0.00 | 090 [ 0.00 {0.00 [0.00 [000 {000 [000_[ 034 Instrument, temperature ‘000 | 000 069 | 034 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [2a [000 [1375 Inseument, vibration (0.00 | 000] 034 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [0.00 [0.69 eternal piping 024 | 0.00 | 000 | 034 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 000 | 120 Tmernal powoe Supply (0.00 |-0.00 [000 | 000 | 000 | ooo [ooo [o3¢ | 000 | 103 Inerstage seas ‘0.00_{-0.00 [000 [000 | 0.00 [000 [000 fost [000 [03 Lube ol ‘000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 [000 | 000 [000 | 0.69 Montoring ‘000 | 0.4 000 [034 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [ao | 1.37 i ‘ooo | 0+ | 000 [034 | 000 [000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 069 (Other ‘000 | 069 [000 [1.37 | 034 [000 [09 [000 [000 | 412 Piping (000 [0.00 [000 | 052 {000 [000 [000 [om [000 | 389 Piping, pipe support + belows 017 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 [000 [000 ['o00_[ 0.17 Pump wiroto ‘086 | 000 [172] 0.34 | 000 | 000 [031 [000 [000 | 326 Purge ai 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.06 | 1.03 | 000 | 000 [000 | o00 [ooo [3.76 Radial bearing ‘0.00 0.00 | 0.90 | a0 | 0.00 | 000 [000 fo3¢ [000 | 034 Reservoir wiheating system (0.00 [0.00 | 090 [a0 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [000 | ox Rotor w! impalrs ‘0.00 [0.00 | 00 | 000 | 000 [ooo [ooo [069 | 000 | 103 ‘Seals 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [0.00 | 000 | 000 | oco [000 [000 [ass ‘Shat seals ‘000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | ooo {000 [000 [ose [ooo | 412 ‘Subunit 034 [1.03 [000 | 034 [000 [000 [ooo [137 [000 [653 Unknown ‘000 [1.03 [036 [000 [000 [ooo [0% [206 [000 [550 VaWves 034 [024 [asi | 258 [ox | 000 [000 [os [000 | i804 Tora 2a] 550 | 1340 | 10.65 | 172 | 000 [1.37 [1168 [000 [1000 | ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable item/failure mode combination. @ OREDAOREDA-2002 115, OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, to be continued tem: Compressors - Screw AR [eR [a [ eu [ero [ris [wo [im [100 [Nor Bieckageunged 034 [000 | 000 [034 | 034 | coo [000 | ooo | 034 | 000 Broskage 63 [000 [034 { 000] 0.0 | coo [0.00 | 000 | 000 | c00 Cavitation ‘034 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | a0 | 000 | 00 | 0.00 | 000 Carne! aiganent Tare ‘a3 | 000 | 000 | a00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 00 | 000 | 000 Containation 000 | 000 | 000 | a00 | 000 a0 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 Conroe 10.00 [-0.00 | 000 | 00 | 00 | 103 [000 | ooo [034 | 000 Corrosion 034 [000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | coo [000-00 | 000 | -o00 Deformation ‘000 [000 | 000 [000 | o.0 [coo [0.00 [00-000 [ooo Earisaton ou ‘034 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | a0 | 000 | 00 | 0.00 | 000 Eccl are - general 034 [000 | 000 | ooo | 000 | 03 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 Exeral inves - genet ‘000 [000 | 00 | 00 | 00-000 | 000 | aoo | 0.00 | 000 Fauty sgnalindcaton/elrm “103 [0.00 | 000 | 000 | o00 | 000 | 000-000 | 0.00 | 000 Tnsrumen fie - general 1203 | ooo [000 | ox4 [172 | 137 | 000000 | 1.03] 0.00 Leakage 00 [000137 | 344 | 000 [034 | 000 | 00 | 0.00 {000 Looseness a0 | 000 [034 | 069 | 000 | o00 | 000 | a00 | 000 {000 Matera aura gonerl 000 [000 | 000 [000 | a0 | ooo | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 Mechanica Feiue- general ‘06s [000 | 000 | 687 | 069 | coo | 000 | ooo 1.37 | 000 Mis. exer nhuonces ‘62 [000 | 000 [000 | a. | ooo [000 | 000 | 034 | 000 No signa nccaton/atarm 103 | 000 [000] o.00 [0.00 | o.00—|-0.00 [0.00.00 | 0.00 ‘Open ercut 034 [000 [000 | o00 | 000 [ooo | 000 | 00 | 00 | 000 Oe 000 [000 | 000 | 00 | | ooo | 000 | ao0 0.00 [000 Out of aust 309 [000 | 000 | 000] 024 | 69 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 ‘Overeating 000 [000 024 [000 | a0 [000 | 0.00 [000 | 000” | 000 Shor creutng ‘00 [000 | 000 [00 | 0.0 | coo | 0.00 | ooo | 0.00 | 000 Sofware fale 034 [000 | 00 {00 | 0.00 | coo [0.00 [ooo | 000 | 000 Stceng 1000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 00 | 000 | 00 | 000-000 Uninow 000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 00 [a3 [000 | oo | 034 | 000 Viraion 069 [000 | 024 [034 | 0.0 | coo [000 | 000-000 | 000 Wear ‘000 | 000 | 000 | 172 | 000 | 0 | 000 [034 | 2.06 | 069 Total 768 | 000 | 275 | 1375 [309 | 412 | 000 | 034 | se4 | 069 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorifalure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 116 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, continued Item: Compressors - Screw OnE [OTH | PDE | seR | Smo [Srp | UNK [ust | vip [Sum Blockagelpugged 034 [034 [172 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [oss [000 [447 Breakage 10.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 137 [000 [000 [000 | 000 [00 | 241 Cavitation 0.00 [034 [000 | a34 [034 | 000 [ooo [000 [000 [737 Clearanced algnmentieiixe ‘0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 000 [000 | 034 Contamination 000 [034 | 000 [034 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [069 Control faiure 0.00 | 0.00 [069 [034 | 000 | 000 [000 [0.00 [000 [281 Corrosion ‘0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [000 {0.00 [0.00 | 000 [000 [0.34 Deformation 0.00_| 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [000 [000 [0.34 [000 [034 Eartlislation fut (034 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 [000 [000 [000 [00 [000 | 049 Electrical fale - general 00 | 069 [034 | 0.34 | 000 | 000 | 000 [034 [000 | 241 External influence - general (000 | 172 [193 | 0.00 {0.00 | 000 | 000 [034 [0.00 [3.09 Fauly signaVindcatonalar (0.00 1000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 000 [034 | 000 [71.37 Instrument fare - gener ‘0.00 | 000 | 378 | 275 [000 | 000 [000 [3.78 | 0.00 “| 26.80 Leakage (0.00 | 000 034 | 0.00 [0.00 | 000 | 000 [036 | 0.00 [sea Looseness 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | aco [000 [ooo {1.03 Material fare - general (0.00 | 0.24 [0.00 | 000 | 034 { 000 [00 [000 [000 [069 Mechanical Failure - general ‘069 | 069 [309 | 412 [1.03 [000 [000 [241 [000 [21.65 Mise, extemal influences, 034 [ooo | o69 | 069 [000 {000 [000 [034 [000 [73.09 No signafindicationlalerm ‘000 [0.00 | 090 [000 [000 [000 [000 [000 [000 | 1.03 (Open cicut ‘000 | 0.00 [034 | 000 | 000 [ 000 | 000 [000 [ooo [069 Otner ‘000 [034 [000 | 090 | 000 | 000 | -o.69 [0.00 [0.00 [7.03 (Out of agusirent ‘069 | 000 [069 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 | o69 [000 [6.19 ‘Overheating ‘000 [034 [000 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [049 ‘Shor cuit ‘0.00 | 000 | 090 | 0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 [034 [0.00 [034 Software failure ‘0.00 | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [0.34 ‘Seeking ‘0.00 [000 [000 | 034 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [034 Unknown ‘0.00 [000 [034 [000 [000 [000 [oss | 1.03 [000 | 2.75 ‘Vibration ‘0.00 [000 [034 [000 | 000 [000 [00 [000 [ooo | 172 Wear ‘000 [034 [000 [000 [000 {000 [000 | 069 [0.00 | 5.84 Total 2a1_| 550] 1340 | 1065 [172 | 000 [137 | 11.68 [000 [ 1909) The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorfallure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA- 2002 417 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 131 Machinery [Compressors Screw Diesel criven Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hours) No of demands 1 1 Calendar time ™ ‘Operational time * 0.0245 0.0010 lure mode No of Failure rato (per 10° hours). ‘Retive [Repair (manhours) failures [ Lower Upper_[ SD [aft _| repthrs [Min [ Mean [Max Degraded 2| wai] aise) 256.65) B14) aisa = gas 50 690] 1280 2t| 355.00] 2000.00] 6295.00] 2000.00) 2000.00 14a] 8154) 25665] 81.54 1.54] 34.5] 1580] 690) 1230 lotner 2 2] 355.00] 2000.00] 6295.00] 2000.00} 2000.00 Incipient s'| 80.32} 203.85] 428.69] 202.85, 203.85 1033] 5.0] 2086| 961.0) st| 1970.00] 5000.00] 10515.00| 5000.00) 5000.00 | Abnormal instrument reating 1] 204 40.77} 193.45] 40.77] 40.77} 149} 280] 28080 1] 50.00] 1000.00] 4745.00] 1000.00). 1000.00 204 40.77] 193.45) 40.77] 4077] «11.5 230) 230] 230 Mince in-service problems D it] 50.00) 1000.00) 4745.00} 1000.00) 1000.0] Otner 2| 1447) 81.54) 256.65] 8154] 81.54] 241.5] 50) 4830] 961.0 2*| 356,00] 2000.00] 6295.00) 2000.00) 2000.00 Swuctura defsorcy 1] 204] 40.77] 193.45] 40.77] 40.77} 80} 160) 160] » 160 1] 50.00) 1090.00) 4745.00) 1000.00) 1000.00] All modes 7] 133.93] 285.39] 536.12| 285.39] 205.39] 83.6] 5.0] 167.3] 9610 7*| 3285.00] 7000.00) 13150.00| 7000.00] 7000.00| [Comments © OREDAOREDA-2002 118 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no em 11314 Machinery Compressors Sew Diese erven (100-1000) kw Population | Installations “Aggregated ime inservice (10° hours) Tio of demands 1 1 Calendar time Operational time ™ 0.0245 0010 Failure mode Noot Failure rate (per 10" hours) ‘tive |___Repair (manhours) atures | Lower [Mean | Upper [ SD_[a/e_| repnes | Win | Mean | Max Degraded zl 14a] a1sa) 25665] 8154) arse! asl ts, Ga.) 1280) 2t| 355.00] 2000.00) 6295.00) 2000.00) 2000.00 Orne z] a7] arse) 256.65] 154] 8154] 345| 150] 690) 1239) 2| 55.00] 2000.00] 6295.00} 2000.00) 2000.00 Incipiont s'| e032] z0a8s) 42.60] 20385] 2028s] 103.3} 5.0] 206.6] 9610) st 1970.00) $000.00) 10515.00| 000.00) 5000.0) | Abeormal insruentreacng 1] 204 4077] 193.45] 4077] 40.77] 140] 290] 200) 280) st| soo} 1000.00) 4745.00) 1000.00), 1000.00} Minor inservice problems +] 204 aor] 193.45] 4077] 4077] 115] 230] 230) 280) +*| so.) 1000.00) 4748.00) 1000.00). 1000.09 omer z| 44] arse 25665] ase] 8154] 2415] 50] 4830) 610) 2") 385,00) 200000] 6295.00) 2000.00). 2000.00 Smuctural decency 1+] 204 4077] 193.45] 40277] 40.7 80) 160] 160) 60) it] 50100) 1000.00] 4745.00} 1000.00} 1000.0] |All modes 7:| 133.93} 285.39] 536.12) 285.39) 28539) 36) 5.0] 1673/9610 3285.00] 7000.00) 13150.00| 7000.00] 7000.00 @OREDAOREDA-2002 119 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 1132 Machinery Compressors Seow Elevietiven Population | Installations ‘Aggrogated tine inservice (10° hours) No of demands 3 6 Calendar time™ Operational ime 7 3694 1.0800 o.se94 Noot Failure rato (por 10" hours). ‘Active [__ Repair (manhours) aires | Lower | Mean | Upper | SD [of | repnrs [Min | Mean | Max. Critical 79°] 0.00) 119.07} 62323) 290.02 73.15] 47] 1.0] 23.2] 1630 yat| 000) 14031] 771.01 373.65] 13404] Eric out a} ooo 243] 41.04] 20.71) 3.70] 68}, 70| a8] 150 a] oof g7e} sai] 2683) a.79 Extemal leakage Process 2} 04a] 2.02] 4.58) 1.33] 185] 175] 120] 290] 460 medium 2] ooo} 355] 1581] 624) 3.9) Extemalleakage- ty modum] —7*} 00] 1291] 7193] 3734) 64a] 14.1] 130] 389] 960 zt] oof 1630) 92.72] 4964) 11.88 Feito stat on donand ve] ao] 1939 85.34] 33.45] 11.11] 59] 10] 7} 320 vot} aos} 273i] 11265] 42.77] 2036) Low ouput i} coo} 18:32] 10068} 4826) 1079] 162] 20] 26.7] 1830 rit} oof 2295) 126.63] 63.80 18.65 Nose 1] coo 1.14] 630) 3:17] 0.93] 730} 760] 760) 760 stl oof 16] 789] 3.25) 1.70 nner rr] ooof 134 6.30] 3:17] 093] 70] of 70} Ta it] 00) 164) 789] 3.25) 1.79 Overeating | oo 549] 2577 10.24) 3.70] 20a} 20] 208] 700 4) 005} 7.60) 2623] 967) 8.79 Parameter devaton Zz} ao] 280 t1.70] 440) 185] 08] to} ats] 320 2) oof 44a) 2189] oz}. Spurious stop a] ooo} 49.58) 255.69] 11167] 314al 58] 20] 236) 1480) sat] ooo} 60.19] 32008) 146.70) 57.69] Srucural deiciercy 1+} 0.00] —16¢)~— a6] 390 0.93] 215] 430] 43.0) 430 st] ool] 196] 764) 23] 1.70 Degraded 92] 0.00] 14557] 80025) 39194 5.19) 92] 10] 152] 1110) zt] 0.00] 163.88) 929.89] 529.52] 156.10 Abnormal insturent reacing 1+} ooof 1.14) 630) 3.17] 0.93] 0 So] 505 st] ooo} = 164] 7.89) 3.25) 1.70 Erate output 5| cool 839] 4463/2045] 63 © 3] 20] 106) 350 st| ooo} 11.16) sas] asa} 8. Extra leakage Process ss] coo} 885 4623/2068]. 463] © 25] 10| 46) 150 iredum st! ooo] 11.83) 6047] 2616) «8.8 External leakage Uuity medium] 28°00] 45.81] 252.37] 12602] 2593] © 07] 1.0] 180] tH zet| coo] 53.70) 311.42] 16953] 47.51 rieraleakage +} 00] 114 6.30] 317] 093] 80] 480] 48.0] 48. at] coo, 1.64 7.89) 3.25] 1.20} Low ouput &| cof 591] 330i] 19.44) 5561 65] 20] 65] 120 él 805) 44.37) 22.22) 10.18} Noise vo asa 630/317] 083] 150] 150] 150] 150) at] 000 1647.89] 3.25|__1.70) [Comments (cont) © OREDAOREDA- 2002 120 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 1132 Mactinery Compressors Screw Ecc cven Population | Installations ‘Aggregated tne in service 10 hours) No of demands B 16 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 38604 1.0800 09894 Faire mode Woof Faure ate (per 10* hours). Tate | Repair (manhours] faitures| Lower [Mean | Upper | SD | of | opts | Min | Mean | Max (Other T] 00} 121} 62.14) 2692] 6.4af 100/10] 175460) 7} 0.00] 1603] 90.33) 3437] 11.88 Overneating 3| 000 317} 1669) 758) 2.78) 11.0) 160] 20.0240) 3] a0, 5.1] 21.87] aaa] 5.09) Parameter deviation 3a} 000 5896 332.10] 17564) © 30.56] 84] 20) 15:7) 101.0 sat] ooo} 67.80] 360.97] | 238.56] 55.99] Soveural deficiency 2] oof 367] 20.15) 958) 1.85) 63) ao] 125] 170) at} 0.00, 493] 25.68) 1.43) 3.39 Incipient 17'| 0.00] 179.22] 985.45 48437) 99.08] 10.3) 1.0] 18.8] 9610) to7t| 0.00] 205.40] 1177.72} 656.93) 18155] Abnormal inseument reading 64] ooo} 10832] 60047] 30763] 5926] 62] 10}, 102) 176.9 et] ooo] 122.36] 963.52] 17.49] 108.59] Exemalieakage - Process 1] 0.00] 1.54] ~=— 64] 390) 3] 1.0] 20] 20) 2 mem it} oor] 1.96 764) 283] 1.70 Exernalleakage Unity medium] —5*| 0.01] 6.74} -~—-28.31] 10.85] © 463] 55] 1.0] 104) 380 st] 0.29 9.74 29.83] 10.25] 8.8 Minor in-service problems sor} ooo] 1.24) 205.27] 147.00 2778] © 3.1] to}, 58} 23. got] ooo} 5042) 325.43] | 199.95) 50.90) lotnes 2| 0.00] 3.80] 17.66) 7.15] 1.85] 4805] 1.0] at] 961.0 2} 0.00] 6.96] 33.79] 1402] 3.39 Parameter deviation | o0of 6.55} 29.68] 11.80 © 3.70) 43] 20] Sa] at} 002] 8.2] 3452) 1283) 6.79 Structural deficiency x] oof 1.30 61] 249) 0.93] 50] 100] 100] 100 it] zor] 1108) 554] 1.70 [Unknown 6] 006 15.73) 60.80] 22.46] 556} 5.0 Bo] 1.7] 160) st] ons] 3256] 11959] 44.8) 10.18 Other ele 623] 32.72) 1479) 1.85 so] 30} 100 2] 0.00] 1483] 73.04] 3082) 3.39] Unknown 4) 000] 62] 43.68) 17.39) 3.70) 50) 80] 130) 160 {ooo ter si.za] 24] 6.79 All modes: 204"| 0.00] 459.38) 2500.47] 1166.09) 26297) 11.2| 1.0 18.8] 9610} 2eat| 0.00] 535.36] 3002.40] 1577.16) 481.86] (Comments (On demand probablity far consequence clas: Critical and fale mode: Fallt star on demand = 1.8 104 @OREDAOREDA-2002 121 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 14.321 Mactinery Compressors Screw let erven (100-1000) «Ww Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10 hours) No of demands 0 4 Calendar time” ‘Operational time ® 37994 1.0025 05511 Failure mode Noof Feilure rate (per 10" hours) ative i (manhours) taiures | Lower | Mean [ Upper_[ SO | n/t _| reps [Win | Mean | Max Critieat 29° 000] 35.24) 180.08] 7785 28.93] 228] | 2.0 27/1080 zat} ao} 47.42] 220.74) 94.40} 52.63) External leakage - Process z} oz] 235 622] 1.97] 200178] 120] 290) 46. medium 2| coo] 390) 1702] 66a]. Faito star on comand e| oz} 943] 3808] 1433] 599) §~— 5g] 30] 92] 190 et} 0.05] 13.08] 4a2| 1839) 10.89 Low ouput z} coo} 258] 12.33] 5.06) 200] 29a) to0} a0] 4a Ale 345) 16.75] 6.96) 3.63] Noise voi 129) 710] 3.39) 1.00730] 760] 76.0] 760) at] oof 178) a7] 3a] 1.8 ter +r} oof 1.29 «= 7.10] 3.39) to) zo], 7.0} 707. at] 00] 1.75) a7] 34a] 18 Overheating z| ooo] 253] 1233 5.06) 200] as] 70) 385] 700 2} oof 3.45] 16.75] B96] 363 Parameter deviation 1} oof 1.50] 696] 28] t.00] 58] 11.0) 110] To st{ o.oo 223] 1224593) 1.81 | Spurious stop 14] 0.00] 16.83] 8260] 34.74] 1397] 24] 20] 31.6] 1080) zt] oi 23.13] 10083] 39.0) 25.41 Degraded ar] 0.00] 23.09 sear] 2095] 118 20] 1441) 480 ait] 0.00) 29.80) 156.95] 71.13 38.17 Abnorm instumentreacing 1} ooo} 1297.10) 339) 100] 50] 50] So} 8 at] oof 1.79] a7] 34} Eric ouput 1} ooo} 1.29) 7.40) 3.39) 1.00] § 40] 40] 40} at] 0.00) 1.78] 847] 3.45181 Entenal leakage - Process. vo. 150, 695] 281/100, 75] 150/150) 150) medium ttl 00} 223) 1224) 593] External eakag? Uity medium] $*] 0.00) 581] 3235] 16744 ago] 17.0] 20 17.0) 380) st] ooo} 781] 4097] 184] 9.07 eral leakage 1+} oof 1.29710) 339] 1.00] 48.0] 480] 4.0) 48 st] 0.00) 1.79] 847] 3.48.8 Low output 6 | ooo 6.793853] 2056 5.99] 65] 20) 68120) et] coo} 8.90) 49.44] 23.45] 1089 Noise 1} oof 129 © 710» 3.39) 100] 150] 150] 150] 150 oe Other Z| oof 338 17.72] 796) © 200110) 20] 220) 420 at] o.oo] 44a] 2089] aso} 3.63 Overheating z] ol 1 asa] 342) 200/10} 160] 200) 240) 2/03] 3.44) ans] 423) 3.69) Parameter deviation +} oof 1 696} 281] 100] 10) 20) 20] 20} at} oof 223] 12.24) 593] 1.8 (Comments {com ‘@ OREDAOREDA-2002 122 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Them 32.1 Mactinary Compressors Sceow Electric ven (100-1000) kw Population | Instalations ‘Aggregated ime in service (10* hours) No of demands 0 4 Calendar time” Operational ime 7994 1.0025 ossi1 Faire mode Noot Failure rate (per 10° hours) ‘ative [_— Repair (manours) taiures | Lower [ Mean | Upper [ SD_[ n/t_| rep.hrs [Win | Mean [Max Tneipient te] aot] 2680 118.17) 46.27] 1895] ast 10] 628] gor. 1st] as} 37.66] 148.90) 56.01] 34.48) Aonermalnsrurent reading e| 002] 1105) 4468] 1683) 798) © 73] 20) 1a) 290) at] oso] 1495] 4523) 15.49) 14.52 Eneral leakage Unity medium] —3"| 0.00) 3.69) 1682] G71] 2.99) aa] 20] 160] 80 at] 056] 5.68] 15:39) 94) 5.4] Minor service problems x] ooo) 315 1984 a4] 299) 47] 30a] 70) 3] oo} sai} zn] 796) Sa Otrer z] oo 44s}, 19.48] 7165) 200] 4805] 1.0] 4810} ser. 2| 000) 794 36.73] 1485] 33 Parameter deviation z| ooo 338] 17.72 798) © 200] sof 0] ao} 2) oof 446] 2083] so] Smal dtionsy vr} ooo] 150) 66-281] 1.00) 50] 100] 100} r00) st] oof 223] 224] x] 11 Unknown 4] 002] 1438] seta] 21.89) 3.99 ves] 160) at ons} 3390) 12250) 45.26) 726 Other 2] 00) 721) 36.39] 15.64) 2.00] so) so] 00] 21 ooo 169] 79.38] 32.24] 3.68 Unknown z] oo) 721] 38.39) 1564) 200 160| 160] 160) 2/ —o0q) 1699] 79:38) 32.24) 3.69 A modes 1} oot] 9686, 44669] 17962 7282) 223] 10 31.7] ano) rat] ota] 14026} 50442] 222.81] _ 122.47] [Comments [On demand probability fo consequence class: rita and falure mode: alto star on demand = 2.6 10° © OREDAOREDA-2002 123, OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 11322 Mectinery Compressors Screw Electric driven 10003000). Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) No of demands 1 1 Calendar time ™ Operational ne ™ 700 0.0351 0.0320 Failure mode Wo of Foilure rate (per 10° hours). ‘Rative [__Repaie (manhours) faitures| Lower [| Mean_| Upper [_SD_[ nf _| repiws [Min | Moan [Max critical 50°] 1111.22) 1425.96) 180480] 14256) 1425.96] 10.1] 10 20] 1630] so*| 1219.15] 1564.46] 1980.19] 1564.46) 1564.46 Erratic outpt 4] 3893] 11408] 26109] 11408) 11408] 6a] 70] 98] 15 at] gar] 125.18] 286.45) 125.16) 125.16 Enteral ieakage- Usity medium] —T*| 93.69 199.63] 375.03| 199.63] 19963] 14.1, 130] 389] 960) 7} 102.79] 21902] 1145] 21902) 219.02 Feito stat on mand 6] mse] 171.12] 3767] imiaa] amie] 50] to] 8a} 320) et} etg2 197.73] 370.46] 107.73] 187.73 Low output | 13399] 25667] 44790] 25667] 25667] 133] 20] 26.2) 1630 st] 146.90] 201.60] 491.40] 281.60) 281.60) Overheating 2] tor2} 57.04 17953] 7.04) sz04 = 18] 20] 25] 3 2] ini} 6258) 196.98] 6258) 62.58) Parameter deviation tr] 143] 2852] 13532] 2852) 2852] 160] 320] 320) 320) at] 156] 31.29) 847] 31.29) 31.29 Spurious stop 20°| 3779e| 570.39] 828.78) 57039] 57039] 95 20] 17) 14800 zot| 41469] 625.78] 909.27] 625.78] 625,78] Sructurl decency +} 143] 2852) 135.32] 2852) 2852 ans] 43.0] 430) 43.0) at] 156 312o) t4gar] 31.29) 31.29 Degraded 11°| 1646.44) 2024.87] 2466.98) 2024.87] 202487] 8.3) 1.0] 158] 1110) rt) 1806.34) 2221.53] 2706.88) 2221.53] 2221.53] Erratic output 4 3893] 11408] 261.09] 11408] 11408] 7.6] 20/123] 350 at] gamif 125:6| 206.45] 125.16) 125.16 Extemalleakog® - Process 4°] 3893] 11408] 261.09] 11408 11408] 1.3] 19] 203) medium at] ari} 125.16] 28645] 125.16] 125.16 External leakage Usity medium] 23°| 448,28) 655.94) 929.27] 655.94) 655.94] 9.2]. 18.2] 111. 2st] agt.a2] 71965] 101953] 71965] 71965 ter st] 56.19] 14260] 290.08) 14260] 14260] 95] 1.0] 153] 46. st] e.6q] 196.45) 32a01] 15645) 156.45 Overheating vr} 143} 2ase}13532| 2852] 20.82 at} 156] 31.29) 1aaa7] 31.29) 31.29 Parameter deviation a] 664.40) 91262] 122581] 1262] 1262] 8720 +162] 101.0 32t| 7263] 1001.25] 1344.86] 1001.25] 1001.25 Sucre decency z| 1012} sz0q) 17953] S704 ©5704] gs] 812.5] 17) 2| vial 6258) 19696) 62.58) 62.58) Incipient 2006.41} 2500.70) 2996.39/ 2508.70) 2500.70] 50) 1.0| 8s} 1760) 2289.05] 2753.44] 3287.41) 2753.44] 2753.44 | Abnormal nsumert reading 56°| 1262.96] 1597.08] 199522) 1597.08] 1597.08) 6.0| 1.0] 10.1] 1760) set] 1385.62] 1752.19] 218900) 1752.19] 1752.19 Excemal leakage - Process 1} 143] 2852] 13532] ase] ase] 1.0) 20] 20] 20 media at] 156 31.29 4847] 31.29) 31.29 [Comments (con ‘@OREDAOREDA-2002 124 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item 11322 Machinery |Comoressors Screw Eleercerven| (1000-3000). Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) No of demands 1 ‘ Calendar time Operational time * 70 0.0351 0.0320 Failure mode No of Failure rato (per 10+ hours). ‘Active | _ Repair (manhours) aires | Lower | Mean | Upper [| SO [nit | repiws | Win | Mean [Max Exemalleakage Uiitymedun] "| 10.12)—$7.08) 17983, S70] s7.0q] 1.311020 at! ina} 6258) 196.96] 6258) 6259 1 Minor in-service problems 2i'| 54350] 77002) 1061.86] 77002] 77002] 28 10} 56) 280) zit] 59528] s4asil 1168.99] g44.81] sear Parameter deviation 2| 1012] 87.04] 179583| s7.04 © sr04 45) 20] 45]. at] ans] 6258) 196.96) 6259) 6259 Unknown 2| 10-12] 57.08] 17953] 57.04 57.04] 50] a0] 100] 120) at] i111} 6259) 196.96] 62.58) 6258 Unknown 2| 1012] 57.08 179.83) 57.04] sr.04] 50] 80} 100) 120) at] tia] 6258] 196.96] 62.58] 62.89 Al modes ant:| 5352.71] 6017.57} 674498] 6017.57) 6o1757| 7.4) 10/140] 1760 anit] 5672.57] 6602.00] 7400.06] 6602.00] 6602.00 [Comments (On demand probabity for consequence cass: Crtical and fala mode: Fal to stat on demand = 8.6.02 @OREDAOREDA-2002 125 OREDA-2002 FTaxonomy no ter 11323 Machinery Compressors Serew Bsc arven Unknown Population | instalations “Agoregated time inservice (10* hours) No of demands 2 1 Calendar time” ‘Operational time ® 9424 0.0064 Faiure mode Noo! Feiure rate (per 10° hours) ‘Ratve | — Repair (wanibours) faitaros| Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | nit _| reps | Min [ Mean | Max All modes | 004) 1449) 44.2} 16.25) 88 [Comments © OREDAOREDA-2002 126 OREDA-2002 Gas Turbines Inventory description The boundary shown in Figure 11 applies to gas turbines that are driving compressors, generators, and pumps. The corresponding subdivision in Subunits and Maintainable Items is shown in Table 6. Gas turbines are generally installed in acoustic hoods. These hoods have their own dedicated ventilation system. Failure of the ventilation system of the hood may cause shutdown of the turbine. The hood is included within the boundary of the turbine system. External fuel supply (main supply) is not included, but local fuel supply equipment should be included. If there are subunits, which are common to the driver (je. the gas turbine), and the driven unit (e.g. a compressor), these are to be regarded as a part of the driven unit. onli contol valve a) Lettie | oe \n a = i | PTH + Power coast Power Remote Boundary Figure 11 Gas Turbines, Boundary Definition © OREDAOREDA-2002 427 OREDA-2002 Table 6 Gas Turbines, Subdivision in Maintainable Items GAS TURBINE Control and eon Miscellaneous: Starting system |Gas generator [Power urbine {Monitoring > Instruments Rotor © Instruments Stator Cabling & Casing junction system Instruments | boxes le Pump wimotor chambers. Radial bearing] Control unit leBurners/Fuel_ |» Thrust bearing|* Actuating nozzies Seals device } Fuel controt Exhaust Monitoring /* Fuel filter Valves & pip- }° Fuel pump ing ' Fuel scrubber! coalescer je HP turbine * Instruments Casing je Thrust bearing }* Radial bearing = Seals * Valves & piping + Start energy (battery, ar) (For all subunits the Mls "Unknown" and "Subunit" are included.) © OREDAOREDA-2002 128 List of failure modes AIR BRD ERO ELF ELU FTS STP HIO INL. LOO SER NOL OTH OHE PDE UST STD UNK VIB Abnormal instrument reading Breakdown Erratic output External leakage - Fuel External leakage - Utility medium Fail to start on demand Fail to stop on demand High output Internal leakage Low output ‘Minor in-service problems Noise Other Overheating Parameter deviation Spurious stop Structural deficiency Unknown Vibration © OREDA OREDA-2002OREDA-2002 129 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no em 12 Machinery [Gas Turbines Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) No of demands 8 2 Calendar time ‘Operational time * 11096 25728 47836, Faiture mode No of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘ative |__ Repair (ranhours) feitures| Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | nit _| reps | Min | Mean | Max Critical or] 33.48) 354.75) 969.98] 31292/ 365.87] 27.0) 0] 394] 3001.0 sat] 17.72] $53.77] 167962] 577.96) 527.59] Abnocmal instrument reading a] 000] 2.66] 13.56] 586) 186] 33.7] 40] 62.8] 1630) at] coo) © 3.49] 17.11] 7.19) 2.2 Breakdown ze} 204 a7] ast} 5.90] 10.11) 66.9] 20) 79.4) 3010 act] 25a] 1325] 30.69] 9.03] 1458) Eeraic output a} aod 1006) 37-46] 13.83] 8.16) 35.2] 10) 470] 2840 ait} 013) 1348) 445i] 16.28) 11:7] External leakage Fue! 40°] 004) 1909 76.34] 28.58) 1555) 190] 03) 45.4) 11130 aot] 006) 28.70) 114.45] 42.78 22.43} Extomalleakage-Utity medium] 15] 003] 7.72) 2304) 10.71] 583] 21.3] 10] 289} 1000) xsi] 7} 968} 32.85] 1209] ai Feito stan on demand 2g} 16.57] 110.77} 274.55] 847] 11624) 78} 1.0] 33a] 811.0 zor} 13:14] 17406) 495.20 162.57) 16764] Failto top on demand Gl eee eee) at] 000, © 460, 19.20] 7.32) ag High output s| 003] 168] «= S31] 4.90] 1.94] 1.9] 50] 240] 20) st} 0.00 2.471361] 687] 2.80) eternal leakage 6| oo] 200, 957] 394 © 2.33 38.4) G0) BO] 3480 si] 0.06, 336] 10.56] 376] 3.36 Low output 2r| ooo] 1203] $7.28] 23.51] 1050} © 231] 20) az} G04 at} ooo] 1655) 7740} 31.48) 15.14) otter 1z'| 0.09] $00) 1543, 557] 467] 34a} 20] as) vat] oti] 758] 24.13] 868) 6.73 Overheating s¢] 000) 16:36 87.40) 572i] 2099] 186] 0.1) 31.8] 243. sat] 0.00} 25.48) 137.01] 8807) 30.28 Parameter deviaion ar'| 0.05] 14.48) $6.09] 20.74] 1205 22.3) 10] 345) 2490 sit} 010} 2027) 73.93) 27.31] 17.38] Spurious stop 370") 0.62] 126.98 463.12] 171.11] 143.84] 207] 1.0 294} 10240) 3701] 0.44) 200.23] 797.43) 297.98) 207.48 | Srucural decency 5| 0.00} 2.23) 10.29 4081.94) 346.5) 12.0) 693.2] 3001.0 si] oo 299] «11.34 ate] 280 Unknown 3] oo} 1.17] 4.28158] 1.17] go] 680] © 80] 680 si] 000) 46) 793) 3.70) 1.68 Vitraton 1s] doo} 528] 23.17] 9.07583), 4.8} 30) 878] 3260 ast] 142] 857] 2072] 62) al Degraded 704") 46.77] 266.17] 633.28] 189.13] 27368| 1291.0] 296) asa. ost] 87.76, 369.56] 906.51] 276.08) 394.71 | Abnormal instrument reading 3] 007] 11.84) 41.5 15.46] 13.22) 9.0} 10] 14.1700 3ét] ot} r7so]_—sa93] 2207} 1906] Erratic ouput se] 547] 2208) 47.87] 13.49) 2255] 140] 10) 210] 1500 set] 1270] 3150) 57.13] 13.82) 32.52] [Comments (cont) © OREDAOREDA-2002 130, OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 12 Machinery [Gas Turinas Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) No of demands a 2 Calendar time = ‘Operational time ® 11096 25123 17836, Failure mode Woof Failure rate (per 108 hours). ‘Retive |__ Repair (manhours) taitures| Lower [ Mean | Upper | SD [n/t _| reps |Win | Mean | Max External leakage - Fuel ss] on] 17.08) sao} 2v7o} aaael te 20, 6a] «a4 st] o.oo] 2s.8e| 11840) 47.25] 3084] Enteral leakage Utity medium] 112" 9.74) ai.gi| 92.52] 2638) 4354) © 27.8) 1.0 43.3) 9390 nat] 14.22] 60.72) 142,74) 4234] 6279 Failto stat on demand +} 0.00} 0.34 =a} 073], 039] 60} 100] 100] 100) it] 0.00] 056] 27] 1.95] 06 High ouput 4] oo] 1.36 7.04 307] 1.56) §=— ao], 20/ 40} 4] ose] = 22q) 435] 12). Intemal leakage 1] aos] 467] 18.78 ~— 7.05] 467] 245 20] | 250] 1090 rat] oo] 7.23] 28.09) 10.40 673] ow output 7] 055] 3257] 102.18] 36.49] 29.55] 19.5] 10] 2a8] 200) it] 1.20] 4419} 13490] 46.89) 4261 Mino in-service problems v| ooo} 64) zag7}t1.90] 47} ao 10] 18] 38.) rat} ooo] 923] aoe] 15.82] 673] Noise 4] coo 14o]_ «88290 1.56) © 55.0) 100 © 91.3 3120 at} o.oo 2.47] 9.94) 405} 224 omer vis} 6.58] 50.37} 128.43) 39.92] 46.26) 24.5] 1.0] 34s} 3540 nist} 1177] rood) 16892] S091] 66.72| Overneating 92] ooo] 2892) 162.17} 85.17] 35:77] = 18} 10] 226) +1100 gat] ooo] 41.24) © 237.87] 128.97] 51.58 Parameter deviation 6] coo] 2083] 147.60] 6253] 2682} 7.010] 114] 760) sat] coo] 30.07] 18866] 77.90] 3869 Structural deficiency 30} coo} 1294 = 5728] 2254) 1166] «31.8 20] 63.7] 4900) sot] 002] 1709) 7083] 2706) 1622 Unknown we] ooo 457] 5-40 13.10, © S44 an.3 20] 13] 1160] ut] 000} 5.83] 32.05] 1554) 7.85] Vitration wz] ooo} © 451] 13.907} 4g4 a7] 758 30] 81.5] S600) vi] 015] 651} 20.05] 7.04) 6.13 Incipient 193°] 131.55] 569.36] 1258.95] 359.36] 61928) 120) 05| 189] 15190] saat] 262.37) 1350.67] 3162.33) 932.60) 093.14 Abnormal instrument reacing 536'} 31.35, 187.83] 453.16] 13661] 209.15] a] 05] 11.4] 1840 s3et] 5001] 483.37] 1295.86] 413.75] 307.64) Eat ouput ue} 003] 5.79] ata} 78} Saal 82} 10] 122) 28 vat] 02a} 751} 22.76] 7.83] 7.85 External leakage - Fuel 30} 0.00) 996 aga) 21.20] 11.66) © a}, 20] 4.2] a2 zor] 0.00] 1415] 67.98] 2801] 16.82 Exernal leakage Utity medium] 164" 091] 48.68) 151.65] 53.85 6376] 10.6) 1.0| 17.4) 2350 yeti] 0.74) 124.79) 440.19] 162.56] 91.95) Fal to tat on demand z| 00} og! = 3.12] 115] 078) 25) 10] as] ile ai) ee stg: 267): enorme 2 1h, Interna eakage 13} 000, © 3.68] 18.44) 7.90) 5.05] 10.0 20/124] 48. wt] 6a7] 37.75] ta4e| 729) (Comments (con) @ OREDAOREDA-2002 131 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 2 Machinery Gas Turbines Population | ‘stallations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) No of demands a 2 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 1096 25723 3.7836 Faiture mode No of jlure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Retive | _ Repair (manhours) raitures| Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | n/t _| repws | Min _[ Mean | Max Low output | st} 000) 3.30 18.12] Baa} 2.0) Minor in-senice problems 4or| 404] 156.96] 480.42 167.54] 158.22) 102 1.0] 154) 96300 sort] 1086] 286.87] 965.22] 294.48] | 226.19) Noise aoa) 401), a7] 258] 428) «36.1] 60] Bz} 2980} ait} 008] 582) 864] 6.74) 6.17) lotner zser] 1.744 92.23] 287.15] 101.92) 9252) 214] 1.0] 37.2] 15190) 236i] 3.28) 152.79 47203) 166.36) 133.44 ]Overneating 20"| 0.53] 733) 2099 si] 7.78183] 1.0) 315] 1650 zor| 295] 1060] 22.13] 6.061.201 Prater deviation cr] o.oo] 26.25) + 129.40] 54.65] 2488] © 10.6] 1.0) 14.2] 2180) eat] 00] 3327] 163.49] 68.83] 35.89] Seucura decency 38"| 0.17] 1668] 5460] + 19.91] 15.16) © 23.2) 1.0) 43.11 1750} gat} 26] 2529) 77] 30.18) 2187 Unknown 35'| coo) 10.77] $6.48} | 39.25] 1361! 25a] $0) 24.4) 2220 3st] 0.00} 1261) 653i] 40.33) 1962 eration 135] 0.00] 4s} 23.07] 8505] 1381 30) 209] ST0 sat] oof tray) 53.17] argo] 7.29 Unknown 2s] 133] 1148, 29.85] 9.37] 9.72] 68] 1.0) 24] a2 ast] 282] 16:37) 39.18) 11.75] 14.02 Abnormal instrument reacing 5) ooo 259 = 1.91] 4791423) 10) 3.3], .0 st} 0.00] 3:31) 13.89] 5.32] 2.80 External leakage Fue tr] ooo} © oasl 223] 1.6 03s) a] as] as] ri{ 0.00] 062] 2.94) 1.21] 0586 Other Tr} 053] 2.76] «= 6.42189) 272] Ba] Bo] aa] Te ee 2 Unknown ir] 0.03) 523, 1823) 673} 428] © Bo} 20] 318) 2120 mt] oor} 734) 24.15] 82) at7 ation 1] 0.00} 040} 2.08] 1.49} 0.39 : z 11] 000) 056) = 287) 1.98) 086 All modes 3263"| 241.71] 1199.23] 2758.09] 08.20] 1268. wa] 0a] 274) 3001.9) seest| 460.22] 2390.71] 5586.47] 1648.61] 1829.46 [Comments on demand protabity for consequence cass: tical and fare mode: Fal to start on demand = 1.7. 10-2, © OREDAOREDA-2002 132 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, to be continued Item: Gas Turbines AR] BRD | EF | GU [ERO [FTS [WO | INL] LOO | NOD Actuating device ‘ooa {0.00 [000 | 000 [003 [032 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 “["o.00 ‘rine 025 [000 [003 [0.15 {003 {008 | 090 [003 | 031_| 0.00 Burnersivelnozzies ‘000 [000 [020 [00s [cos [021 | 000 | aos [009 {0.00 Cabling & junction boxes ‘054 | 0.00 | 000 | 003 [006 [014 | 000 | 090 | 000_| 0.00 Casing 0.00 [003 [006 [0.17 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.90 | 000 | 0.00 Combustian chambars 000 [003 [012 | 003 [003 [aoa | 090 | 000 | 003 | 0.00 ‘Compressor rotor {0.00 [0.03 [000 [0.00 [0.00] 0.03 [0.00 [0.00 [0.03 [0.00 (Compressor stator 0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 [0.00 [0.03 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 Control unit 153 | 003 [000 [003 [018 [a7 [005 [000 [012 | 000 Coolers 0.00 [0.00 [000 [058 | 000 {000 [0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Exhaust 003 [003 [00s [037 [003 [ooo | 000 | 003 | 000 | 018 Fiter(3) on [oo [ooo [035 {003 {006 [000 | 003 [017 | 0.00 Fuel conifal 008 {000 [017 [oo | o4s {078 [000 | 003 | o12 | 000 Foe! fiter ‘0030.00 [00s [000 [003 [006 [ooo [ooo [oz | 000 Fuel pump 0.00 [0.00 [0.31 | coo | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 005 | 0.00 Fuel scrubbareoaloscer 003 [0.00 | 00s [003 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00_| 0.00 Hood 0.93 {0.00 | 000 [003 000 | 012 | 00 | 000 | 000 | 003 HP ube: 0.90 {0.00 [0.00 [000 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 006 | 0.00 Irsrument Rare ‘040 | 000 | 0.60 [0.00 [000 | 006 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Instrument tow 035 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 003 [003 [000 [000 | 0.00 | 0.00 Instument, gener ‘095 [000 [0.00 [0.00 [003 [0.05 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.03 [0.03 Instrument. level ‘043 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 [006 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 { 000 Instument pressure 263 | 0.00 | 011 | 008 | 006 | 026 | 000 | 003 | 006 | 0.00 Insument. speed ‘os7 | 0.00 [000 [00s [00s [034 [012 [000 | 003 [000 Instument temperature 369 | 0.00 [003 | 000 | 010 | 003 [0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 Irstrument vibration 127_{ 0.00 [ooo [003 | 003 [008 f'o.c0 [000 [0.03 | 0.00 Totemal power supply 028 [0.00 [000 | 0.06 [000 [005 [000 [0.00 [003 [0.00 ‘Montag 11] 000 | 000 | 000 | 003 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 Oi ‘ooo [0.00 [000 | 006 [ooo [005 [000 [0.00 | 02 [0.00 (Other o31_| 006 [015 [oss [015 [043 [000 [009 [009 | 0.00 Piping e007 [003 [oss | 1.47 [000 [003 | 000 | a03 | 002 | 0.03 ump winator 0.06_| 003 | 000 | 072 [005 [005 | 003 | 006 | 006 | 0.09 Purge ar 0.06 [0.03 [000 [0.00 [000 [0.03 [000 T 0.00 [006 [0.03 Radial bearing ‘ooo | 005 [000 | 0.06 [-o.00 [003 [0.00 [0.00 [000 | 0.00 Reservor wheating system 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.06 [0.00 [003 [0.00 | 003 [000 | 0.00 Rater ‘ao [0.12 | 090 | 0.90 [003 [000 | 000 | 0.90 | 003 | 0.00 ‘Seals o00 | 000 [oat [112 [oor | oo2 | 000 | 005 | 000 | 0.00 ‘Sian conral 003 | 0.00 | 090 [000 {oor | 015 [000 | 0.00 | 00 | 0.00 ‘Start encrgy (batery_ ae) ‘000 | 0.00 [000 [003006 [018 [0.00 [0.00 | 000 | 0.00 ‘Starting unit 000 0.00 [006 [034 [006 [1.04 [000 [000 [003 [0.00 State ‘000 [0.00 [000 [000 | 000 [003 [000 | 000 | 003 | 0.00 ‘Subunit 012 | 005 [006 [018 | 003 [095 [ooo | 003 [a7 | 0.00 Thrust bearing 003_|-0.03_ | 090 [003 | 000 | 003 [ooo | 0.00 | a00 | 0.00 Unknown iae_[o12 [037 [067 [01 [126 [006 [or [015 | 003 Vawes: 035 [00s [112 [730 [093 [116 [000 fos [067 | 003 Taal vei [oa [386 | ao2 | 285 | 926 [ozs | oos | 331 | 046 The figures are percentages of the total fallure rate for the actual maintainable itemfailure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 133 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued Item: Gas Turbines one [om [por [ser [sto [ste [unk [ust [vis [Sum ‘atwatng device ‘000 | 025 [000 | 009 [aco [000 | 000 [0.03 [0.00 [087 init ‘025 [oss | o9% | 100 [003 [000 [025 [0.26 [003 [447 Bumersfoelnazies 2a] 015 [016 | 012 | 0.08 [000 [00 [008 [0.00 [ait Cabling & junction boxes, 003 | 034 | 093 [0.37 | 000 | 000 | 003 [02a [000 [7192 Casing 003 | 009 [003 [0.09 | 0065 [000 | 006 [000 [0.03 | 0.66 Combustion charbors ‘002_| 009 | 0.00 | 0.00 [003 | oo | -o00 [003 [00s [054 Compressor rote ‘002 | 000 | 000 [003 [000 [00 [000 [000 fo12 | 026 Compressor stab 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 [003 [0.00 [000 [0.00 [oor [0.18 Control unt 003 [oso [031 [028 | 003 | ooo [oi [130 | 003 [583 Cooter) rz fon [eos | o12 | oo8 | 000 [ooo [012 | 002 [1.23 Exhaust 006 | o.ag [003s | o3i_| ose [000 [003 [017 | 006 | 244 Fines) o03_|-o25 [049 [074 | o00 [000 [000 [o21 | 0.00 247 Fuel convol ‘oor [021 [oz | o21 | ooo | 003 [000 [074 | 000 [3.08 Fol er ‘000 [012 fois [115 | 003 [ooo [006 [0.12 | 0.00 [204 Fuel pump ‘0.00 | 012 | 000 | 003 [000 [000 {000 [0.09 | 0.00 | 060 Fuel sorubberesaloscer 0.00 | 0.00 [003 | 006 | ooo [000 | 006 [0.03 J 0.00 | 031 Hood 015_| 055 {000 [052 [002 [000 [000 [0.12 [0.03 | 1.69 HP turbine 0.00 | 0.03 003 [000 | 002 | 000 | 000 [0.06 | 000 | 020 Insert, fame 000 [0.00000 | 003 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.09 | 0.00 [059 Tnstumert tow 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [006 | 000 [0.00 | 000 [003 [0.00 [051 Instrument. genta 000 [oi] 003 [009 [000 [003 | o03 [028 | 0.00 | 196 Insmument evel 000 [0.00 [012 [006 {000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.70 Inswument pressure 015 [om foi [oz {003 | 003 | 000 [034 | 000 | 427 Instrument, speod 000 [009 [009 [006 | 000 | 00s | 000 [067 | 0.00 | 2.45 Instrument, temperature 015 [040 [ois [018 | 000 | 000 | 003 [060 | 000 [5.40 Insure, vbrstion 0.00_[-0.00 [000 [003 | 000 | ooo | 000 [ose [023 [228 Internal power spp) 0.00_[ 0.18 | 000 [012 | 000 | 000 [003 [040 [0.00 [1.16 Monitoring ‘000 | 009 | a09 [01s [000 [000 [003 [0.06 [000 [227 Ou 003 [022 | 0.12 | 015 | 003 | 0.00 | 000 [014 J 0.00 | 0.82 Other 015 [070 [oa | 199 [034 | 000 [os [026 [009 [637 Piping 002 [032 [oor | o37 [or [000 | 003 [00s [aos [3.12 Pump winaior 096 | 062 | 014 | 015 | 000 [000 [oi [03s | 002 [263 Purge oi 006 | 0.25 | 003 | oa6 [003 {000 [000 | o0e [0.00 [1.53 Racial bearing 0.00 | 0.09 | 000 | 000 | 003 000 [00s | 009 | 0.09 [052, Reservoir wheating system 0.00 [006 [003] 012 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 034 Rotor (0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 006 | 003 | 000 [00 | 000 | 0.03 [031 Seals 003 | 0.06 | 0.01] 003 | 000 | 000 [003 [0.02 | 0.00 7.80. ‘Stan conival 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 00 | 000 [000 [000 [006 | 0.00 | 032 ‘Start energy (batery. a) 0.00 [0.12 [009 _foi2 | 003 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 064, ‘Starting unt ‘000 [025 [000 [00s | 000 | 000 | 06 [003 | 0.00 | 1.96. Stator 0.00] 0.00 [000 [000 | 003 | 000 | a00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | aos) Subunit 006 0.86 | 0.18 | 049 | 003 | ooo | a3 [040 [015 [428 Thrust bearing ‘003-003 [000 | 000 | 000 [0.00 [000 [0.06 | 0.00 | 025 Unknown os1_ [146 o3e_[ 172 [037 | 000 | o18 | 162 | 018 | 1024 Valves: o27_[ ize [oso [oss [or [009 [os [139 [002 | 1064 Tova 509 | 11.52 | $03 | 126 | 227 [02s [193 [ze [126 | 1000 The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable iter/tailure mode combination © OREDAOREDA-2002 134 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, to be continued Item: Gas Turbines AR [BRO [ELF | fU JeRO [ris [HO [im [too [Nor Bicckage/plugged ‘o31_| 000 | 000 | 006 [006 [ore [000 [000 [oss [0.00 Breakage 070 [009 | 012 | 021 [006 [012 [000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.03 Burst ‘oo | 000 [012 [012 [000 [000 [000 [003 [0.00 [0.00 Caviaton ‘0.00 | 000 | 000 | 018 | 0.00 | 000 | 00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.03 Clearancel aignment alure ‘0.00 | 000 | 009 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 009 | 000 [003 [0.03 [0.00 Combined causes ‘0.00 | 000 | 093 | 0.00 | 003 | 012 | 000 [7000 [003 [0.00 ‘Common mode fare ‘0.00 [000 | 0.00 | 0.0 [000 | 000 | 000 [000 [0.03 [0.00 (Contamination 012 | 0.00 | 000 [003 [003 [003 [000 [000 [028 | 0.00 Control feiure ‘031 |000 000 [009 | 038 | 070 | 006 [000 [021 | 0.00 Corrosion 028 [0.00 [012 [040 | 012 | 009 [a0 [003 [000 | 0.00 Deformation 003 [12 [021 [oss [003 {00a [003s [003 | 000 [0.09 arthlslation fut (0.06 [0.00 [000 [000 {000 [005 [000 [000 [0.00 [0.00 Electical fare general 6.86 | 0.00 [000 [000 [034 [067 [000 | 000 [009 [0.00 Erosion (003 [000 [015 | 018 | 000 [003 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Exernal influence - general o12 [000 [000 | 003 [003 [006 [000 [000 [oie [0.00 Fatigue (003 | 0.00 | 000 | 006 {000 [003 [000 [003 [003 [0.03 Faulty powerlvahage (003 [0.00 | 000 | 003 [0.00 [003 [000 [0.00 | 000 [0.00 Fauly signalincicaton/alarm 503 | 0.00 | 000 | 006 | 018 [045 [000 | 000 | 003 0.00 Insbument fale — general 396 |009 {009 | 003 | 0.25 | 108 | or2 [003 [012 | 0.00 Leakage 009-003 [04s [215 | 003 | 025 [ooo [ore [015 | 0.00 Looseness 21 000 [oze [oss | oo [012 [ooo [00s [00s [0.03 Material fare - general 0.09 [0.00 [067 | 135 | 006 [003 [000 [003 [003 [0.00 Mecharical Failure - general oz [oar [os [135 [os [242 [ooo [02s [oa [009 Misc. extemal influences. 021 | 000 [003 [006 | 012 [005 [00 [003 [006 | 0.00 ‘Miscellaneous - general 003 [0.00000 | 0.00 | 000 [015 [000 | 000 {000 | 0.00 No cause found 015 [000 | 006 [006 | 000 [003 [00s [003 [aos | 0.03 No power! votage ‘012 [000 [090 [000 [003 [006 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 No signalindication/alarm 070_[-o.00 | 000 [000 [000 [005 [000 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 ‘Open ccut 028 | 000 [000 | 000 {003 [oz1_[ 000 [000 [000 | 0.00 Other 009 |-000 [003 [003 | 006 | 031 | 000 [000 [006 [0.03 Out of ausiment 2.39] 0.00 | 000 | 003 | 090 | 049 [003 [006 [015 | 000 Overheating (0.06 | 000 [000 | 003 [000 [009 [000 [000 | 0.00 {0.00 ‘Shot cuiting| ‘0.09 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 {003 [008 [000 [00 | 003 [0.00 Software falure 0.18 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [003 [015 ['o00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 ‘Sucking 012 10.03 [000 [000 | 012 [028 [000 [006 | 006 | 0.00 Unknown 018 [003 | 006 [a2 | 006 | 043 [o00 [ooo | o1e | 000 Vinration 025 [000 | 003 [003 | 006 [008 [000 [000 {000 | 0.00 Wear 055 [003 [o37 [07 [012 [006 [000 [oo [034 [009 Tol isi [oa | 386 [ase [285 [926 [ozs [o9s [331 [046 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorffalure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 135 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, continued tom: Gas Tunines HE [oT | POE] SER [STO [stp | uk | ust [ve | Sum Blockagepugged 015 [04s | ro4 [193 | 006 | 000 | 000 [043 | 0.00 | 5.36, Breakage 012 | 040 [006 | 052 | 052 | 000 | 003 [oz | 003 [3.25 Burst ‘ooo [025 [000 [003s [021 | 000 | 000 [003 | 0.00 [0.80 Caviaton 0.00 [-0.03_[ 0.00 | 003 [003 [000 {000 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.31 Clearancel agement faire 003_| 012 | 009 | 006 | 000 [000 | 000 [003 {0.09 [a1 Combined causes 230 | 003 | 000_|-003_| 0.90 | 000 | 000 | 012 [003 [2.73 Common modefaiure ‘000 | 000 | 000 | 003 | 000 | 0.00 | 090 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 006, Contarinaton ‘070 [043 | 090 | 086 | 000 | 000 [028 [021 | 009 [386 Convo fature ‘003 | oz [025 [009 {003 | 000 [018 [113 | 003 [374 Corrosion ‘003 | 028 [000 [ors {ors | ooo [015 [0.00 [0.00 [2.39 Deformation ‘0.06 | 009 {000 [028 [006 | 006 | 000 [0.09 | 0.00 [2.08 Eartisolaon faut 0.03 0.28 | 006 | 009 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 008 [0.00 | 061 Electrical alte - goneral oa for _[o12_| 1.16 | 000 | 000 [009 [oo | 006 5.09) Erosion ‘0.93 | 0.00 [000 | 009 | 003 | 000 [003 [003 [003 [064 Exiomal iniuerce - general 006 | 0.40 [015 | 046 | 000 | 000 [000 [oi2 | 0.00 1.62. Fatigue o93_| 0.03 [000 | 015 | 012 [0.00 [000 [000 | 003 [058 Faulty powerivoage 0.00 {003 [000 | 003 | 000 [000 [ooo [021 | 000 [037 Fauty signalindcavonalarm 018 [043 [018 | a12 | 000 | 000 | 000 [129 | 009 | 2.06, Instrument false - general o03_[-oss_fo43_| oss | 000 | 006 | 003 [726 | 003 [2.09 Leakage 006 [04a [ois | oz | or | 000 [00s [oie | 003 [472 Looseness ‘000 [018 | 000 | ass [003 [000 | 000 [021] 003 [2.30 Material faire goneral 003 [021 [003s [025 [012 [ooo [oi [012 | 003} 3.19 Mechanical Faiure- general 04s | 162052 | 1.20 | 037 [009 | 049 [132 | 018 | 12.96 Mise. extra fluences ‘ore [04s [os [028 | 000 [000 [000 [043 | 009 [2.08 Miscellaneous general ‘000_[- 006 [003 [034 { 000 | 000 | 00s [003 | 0.00 [a6 No cause foune ‘003_|006 | 000 [000 | 000 [003 [000 [0.18 | 0.06 [086 No power! votage ‘000 [003 [000 [000 | 000 | 000 [000 [0.09] 0.00 [0.34 No signaliniceiovalart o0o_|o15 [006 [009 [000 [000 J ooo [o12 [0.00 [1.20 Open creut ‘003 | 0.03000 [009 | 000 | 000 | 003 [0.28 | 0.00 [7.04 Other 003 [1.07 [00s [01s | 003 | 000 | 000 [0.25 | 0.00 [2.24 Ox of austen ‘o06_|o34_|a37 | 0.40 [003 | 000 | 000 {064 [0.00 [5.00 Overheating ‘o03_| 0.06 | 009 [0.06 [00 [000 |-0.00 [021 [000 [0.70 ‘Short ecuting| 0.00] 0.15 | 003 | 003 [000 | 000 [oo [ois | o00 [058 ‘Software fare 0.00 [000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | a0 | 000 | 0.00 [037 ‘Sécking 0.00 | 04s [003 | 052 | 000 [000 | 000 [012 [000 [1.76 Unknown 005 [043 [034 | 0.15 | 000 | 000 [028 [os | 006 [2.70 Vieraton 10.90 | 0.09 [003] 0.28 | 003 | 000 [000 [ose [0.15 [1.62 Wear (005 | 046 [003 | 098 | 025 | 000 | 012 | 009 | 009 [447 Tota 509 | 1182 | 503 | 1288 | 227 | 025 [193 [niga [1.26 | 1000 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorifalure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 136 OREDA-2002 ‘Taxonomy no Item 121 Machinery Gas Turns Aeroderivative Population | Installations ‘Aggregated lime in service (106 hours) Wo of demands 39 R Calendar time Operational time T 6964 1.3917 0.8828 Failure mode Woof Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Active |__ Repair (manhours) atures Lower [ Mean | Upper ak _| rep.hes | Min_[ Mean | Max. Critical 604] 13.44) 363.52) 1097.15 aor] 215] oa] 283] 60a coat] 3.54] 590.62] 2078.09] 684.18 Abnormal instrument reating 2| ooo} 206] 10.36 44] 40/40} 285] 53. 24] 0.00 3.08) 14.70 221] Breakdown ws} 287] aga] 20.83] 1078] 609} 20| 741] aor ast] tor] 1511] 43.76} 16.99 Erratic ouput 8] ora 601] 1867 575] a44} 30/751] 284 at] 023] 973] 29.3 9.06 Extornal leakage - Fuel 30°} oe] 21.70) 85,03] 2156) 109} 03] 177} a0 30} 007] 3445) 137.39} 33.98 External teakage-Uttty medium] 5S") 066] 3.58) .43] 359] 427} 10] 338) 100. st} 139) 5.50] 11389) 5.66] Felto stat on demand wrt] 1374] r2147| 31877] 13006] 237| 10] 252] 3240 set] 4.84] 18384) $62.12] 195.78) 205,03} Falto stop on demand T| 098} 487} 1063) 303) 503] 56] 20] 63] it] oo} 762} 30.73) 11.60) 7.93 High eurput s| oor} 317} 1262) 472] 3.59] 13] 50] 24a] saad st} 0.00] 5.28] 26.96] | 11.66] 5.66 Internal leakage 4] ooo] 268) 1224) «9x 287] 133] 60] 133) 280 aif a3} 453] 9.80] 276] 43 Low ouput vet] aco] 1455] 73.91] 31.87} 1293] 34] 50} 537] 6040 ret] 0.00} 20.16] 102.35] 4412) 20.39 Other T| 052} 558! 15.27] 493] 5.03] 428] 40) 452] 40 it} 056] 895] 26.16] 867] 7.99] Overheating so} oc] 2387/1363: 7654] 3593] 190 01] 330) 43. sot] oo] 3952) 226.30] 127.94) 56.64] Parameter deviation 14'| o.oo} 6.92) 30.16 11.74) 1006218 3.0] 23.4) 960 tat] 0.00} 1227} 60.09] 25.34) 15.86 ‘Spurious sop 2ar'| 0.40) 137.65] 537.83] 19965] 177.49] © 175] 10] 230] 565.0 zai} 009) 236.68) 1028.66) 399.78] | 279.79 Unknown tv} 090} 147} 6.30] 29] 0.72 | | 1H} of 1.37] 6.88] 295] 1.13 Vipation wo] 153] 694] 1549} .a5] 719] 5.1] 30] @s.4) 3260 tor] 063} t1.18] 33ti] 14.02) 113 Degraded sma"| 2642| 236.55] 622.71] 196.70] 268.74) 173/10] 27.3] 7680) 374t] 22:95] 364.69] 1064.56] 352.71] 423.65) Abnormal instument reading ar} 009 14.57] 51.40) 1898) 1509] 10.4} 20) 155] 700 ai] 013) 22.23) «= 78.18) | 287) 23:79) Erratic output 2} agi] 18.13] 30.15] 6.59) 17.96] +193) 40] 28a] —_t5000 2st] 10.53| 27.92] 52.09] 12.97] __ 28:32 I [Comments {cont)} @ OREDAOREDA-2002 137, OREDA-2002 [Taxonomy no item | 24 Machinery Gas Turbines Asradorivative Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time In service (108 hours) No of demands 39 2 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 6864 0.8828 Failure node Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Rative [__ Repair (manhours) Mean | Upper [SD | nf | reptws | Min | Mean [Max Enteral leakage Fuel 7589] 71.48] 28.35 0i2t =a” 20, += teal zacé| v429i] 80.92) 31:72 External leakage - Utity medium] 3705] 85.62| 25.16] 43.11! 192] 10] 32.8] 7680) 5670] 16826] 56.03) 67,7 Faito sta on demand 065) 324] 1.381 0.72} 6.0] 100) 100-1000 wi ez} 3.42] 1.3) High ouput 2452/2 ai 2l|e 216) <0 20] 20) ee 20) 355] 12.28) 453) 3.40 eternal eakage ru} 2630) 971] 719] 247] 20) 25.3] 1090) 11.39] 3972] 14.66] 11.33) Low output 37.70, 105.45] 34.38] 30:18] 14.4] 1.0] 31.1] $200 5486) 157.79] 520i] 4758} Minor in-seniee groblems 769} © 26.82| 990) 7.19) aol. 1.0] 125] 36 visi} 4058} 15.00 11.33] Noise 203] 945) 382) «2.16 $5.0) 100) 1140) 3120) 327] 1440) 564) 3.40 omer 4231] gaat} 2948} 42-40] 175] 20) 23.2) 2000) 6190 13281) 37.17] 66.83 Overneating 3060] 158.88] 11563] 4527) 9.8], 10) 17.4820 4797] 248.75] 16259] 71.36) Parameter deviation vies] 46.71] 1468} 2084] «= 9] 15] 92380 2633) 91.97] 33.44) 32.85] Seuceral deficiency sos] 2513] 8.17] 9:34] 586] © 20 079) 4900) 1390) 39.67] 13041473] | Unknown 6s] 3.241 1.38] 072] 140) 140] 140) 140) arf 643) 34] 1.19 Vexation ara 1415] 520431 1150) 3.0] tor] 5500 645] 2371] 876) 6.80 Incipient 926'| 75.63] 575.67] 1466.54) 455.61] 665.39) 9.2] 05 14.1) 3580 926t} 32.84] 936.50) 2831.34] 968.51] 1048.83 Abnormal instrument reading 332'| 15.60] 200.62] 568.15] 186.16) 23856) 8.3] 0S 106) 18 gaat] 394] 327.32] 1055.10] 38249) 376.07 Erratic ouput z| 0.00] 285] 1316 5:30)» 1.44], to}, to}, a) 180 2if 0.00] 3.60] 16.83) bes) 2.27 External eakage- Fuel w'| or] tz] gar] 11.79 1006] 9.1}, 20) 8} at} 0.08) 16.71} 61.86] 2277) 15.86 External leakage: Uity medium) 109"} 058| 60.40] 199.12) 7277] 7832) ai], 1.0] 16.1] 23500 vost! 027] 109.00) 431.16] | 160.78] 123.47] Fal o tan on demend let See tin) | Ce El el i] 000 1.351 669] ed) 1.13 [Comments (com. @OREDAOREDA-2002 138 OREDA-2002 [Taxonomy no em 1.21 Machinery Gas Turbines Aeroderivative Population | installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) No of demands 39 2 Calendar time Operational time * 6864 1.3917 0.8828 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Retive |__ Repair (manhours) aitures [ Lower | Mean | Upper [SD [mit _| rep.hrs | Min | Mean | Max Internal leakage iW] 003) 678) 24.77] 9.18] 790, ta] 20139] 480 iit} 0.00, 1201] 54.69) 21.79] 12.46 Low output s'| 0.00} 3.66] 16.93] 6.82} 3.59] 100] BO) 14.5) 28.0] st} 0.00) 6.75] 32.75] 13.57] 5.66 Minor in-service problems 256"] 1.31] 137.85 456.21) 166.43] 182.95} ri} 10) 9.41870} 256] 1.01] 228,06 850.54) 313.97] 289,98] Noise &] 0.50) 5.08] 13.77] 4436.75] 34.0} G0] 83.7) 29K Bt} 0.16] 7.94) 24.67] 8.74] 106) Other 12i") 2.33] 82.10] 250.20] 86.74 86.95] 13.8] 1.0) 23.0) 358.0) iit} 2.47} 130.24 408.87] 148.06] 137.06 Overheating i G2] | asa) OO) | 2m) aa S510) ote 300) st} 061] 5.72 15.23) 4.85] 5.66 Parameter deviation 21"! 0.00) 22.88} 102.71] 40.70} 1509} 5.3] 1.5] 5.4) 220} zit] 0.00} 30.27] 140.12] $6.52) 23.79) Structural deficiency 26'| 0.22] 22.77] 75.04) 27.42) 18.68] 23.71 1.0} 46.4) 1750) 261] 0.34 36.15 19.61] 43.76) 29.45} Unknown 8] 0.00) 12.28] 65.46) 30.03] 5.75] 28.8] 140] 22.8] 38.0 at] 000] 1343] 74.34) 37.94) 9.06) Vibration T| 000) 5.30] 25.89] 10.84) 5.03) 10.3] 3.0] 14.8) 38. TH 000) 8.16] 34.77) 13.42) 7.93 ‘Unknown | 210) 14.46) 36.10) 11.10) 12.22) 7.3) 1.0] 29.4] 2120} wt} 5.14) 20.66, 44.71] 12.59) 19.26 ‘Abnormal instrument reading vr] 0 1 517) 225 a.72| to} 19] 10 1.) | 1.35 6.69) 284) 1.13} Other Gis tsi) Ag ass) rail Al so] 80} 26.2] 780 6t] 0.00] 8.01] 35.98} 14.26] 6.80 Unknown wor} 051) 853} 2508) ai} 719] 78] 2.0] 34.3] ata rot] 1.32] 12.02) 31.80] 10.08) 17.33] |AN modes 1921"| 133,07] 1186.51) 3120.38] 985.06] 1380.36] 14.6] 0.1] 21.2) 7680) se2it] 48.95] 1909.61] 5846.09] 2039.40) 2176.01 ‘Comments (On demand probabity for consequence clas: Critical and fare mode: allt start on demand = 1.6. 10-2 @OREDAOREDA-2002 139 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, to be continued Item: Gas Tubines - Aeroderivative mR [ord] eur [fu | ero [ris [wo [Tint [too [Nor ‘atuating device 010 [000 | 000 | 000 | 005 [030 | 000 [0.00 {0.00 | 000 Aiciniet 016 [0.00 | 000 016 | 005 [00s [000 [005 | 031 | 000 Burnersfvel nezzes 000 [000 f 021 | 005 | oo2 [016 | 000 [005 [010 {0.00 Cabling & junction boxes 060 [0.00] 000] 005 | 000 | 0.10 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 Casing 0.00} 0.00 [005 | 005 | 000 | 000 | 000 [ooo {0.00 [000 ‘Combustion chambers ‘000 [00s [010] 005 | 005 | 016 [000 [0.90 | 005 | 00 Compressor rotor ‘000 [0.05] 000 | 000 | 000 [005 [000 [000 {0.05 | 000 Compressor ator ‘000 [0.00 | 000 | 00 | 000 [-o00 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 ‘Control unit 167 [005 | 000 | 0.05 | 000 [0.96 [005 [000 [0.10 | 0.00. Coolers) 00 | 000 [000 | oss {000 [000 [000 [00 | o00 | 0.00 Exhaust 005 0.00 [005 [0.16 | 000 | coo | 0.00 [00s {a0 [026 Fier) 018 [00 {000 [a4 | 005 [010 [000 [005 [028 | 0.00 Fuel contol 010 [000 ore [000 | os {104 | 000 [000 [021 {0.00 Fel ter 005 [0.00 | 000 | 000 | 005 | 005 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 005 [0.00 Fuel pump 000 [0.00 | asz | 00 {oo [ooo | 000 [000 {008 | 0.00 Fuel sorubbereoalescer 005 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [ooo 000 [oo | o00 {0.00 Hood ‘000 | 0.00 | 000 | 005 | 000 [a2 [000 [000 [000 {0.00 HP using ‘0.00 {0.00 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 010 | 000 Insrumert. fae oxi [0.00 000 | 000 | 000 [005] 000 [0.00 {0.00 {0.00 instrument flow ‘049 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 005 | 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [0.00 [0.00 Instrument, genera 052] 0.00 | 000 | 090 | o00 | 005 [000 [000 [00s | 0.00 Instument, eel 021 [0.00 | -000 [000 | 00s [a0 [0.00 [000 {a00 [0.00 Instument pressure 322 | 000 [018 | 013 | 005 | 039 [000 [005 | 0.10 | 000 Insrument, speed 112.000 [000 | 005 | oo8 os? [0.21 [0.00 [0.05 | 000 Inseument, temperature 410 | 0.00 | 005 | 000 | 010 | 005 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000 lnsbument, viraton 176 [000 | 000 | 0.05 | 000 | 013 [000 [000 [005 [000 Tmernal powe supply 026 [0.00 [000] 0.10 { a00 | 000 | 0.00 [000 J 00s [0.00 Monitoring 203] 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 005 [000 [000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 1 o00 | 000 | 000 | 005 | o00 | 008 [0.00 [000 {aos {0.00 ‘ter 16 | 00s | 016 | 109 | 0.10 | 062 [000 [0.10 [0.10 [000 Piping ‘000 [00s [023 | 143 | 000 | 00s [000 [00s [0.03 | 005 Pump winater ‘010 [00s [000 | os | 003 J 00s [005 [010 0.10 [0.10 Purge ait 005] 0.05 | 000 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 005 [0.00 [000 [o.10 [0.05 Radial beairg ‘000 | 0.05 [0.00 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 [ooo {0.00 [0.00 Reservos wheating stem 0.00 | 000 000 | 005 | 000 [00s [000 [aos [000 [0.00 Rotor 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 0.05 | 000 Seals ‘oon [000 [05s [075 | oor [003 [000 [010 | 0.00 | 000 ‘Stan contol 005 [000 000 | 000 | 000 | 010 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 ‘Start energy (battery. a8) ‘000 | 0.00 | 000 | 005 | aos [o.10 | 000 [000 [0.00] 0.00 ‘Starting unit 000 | 000] 010 | 047 | 00s | 088 [000 [000 | 000 [0.00 ‘Siete 0.00 [000 [000 | 0.0 | 000 | 00s [000 | 000 | 005 | 0.00 Subunit 016 [00s [o10 [oz {016 [om [oo [00s [031 [0.00 Thrust bearing | 005 [0.05 [000 | 000 | 000 [00s [000 [ o.00 | 0.00” | 000 Unknown. ose [010 [026 [oa | or [oa [or [o16 [005 | 005 Vaives. 023 [ors [ova [148 [033 [151 | 000 [o42 [oss [005 Tova 1353 [078 | 375 [905 _| 182 | 953 [oa [130 [336 [057 “The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable itern/fallure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 140 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued Item: Gas Turbines - Aeroderivative one [orm [Poe [ser [sto [sip [unk [ust [vie [Sum Rewatng device 0.90 |-0.21_| 000 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 000 | 00 | 016 | 000 | 1.07 ‘Aine 0.00 | 052 | 036 | 0.96 | 000 | 000 | 010 | 010 | 000 | 284 Bumersfuei nozzles 498 | 071 | 023 | 019 | 093 | 000 | 000 | 008 | 000 | 612 Cabling & junction boxes 000 [026 [000 [042 [000 [0.00 [000 [044 [0.00 [1.87 Casing ‘000 [005 [000 [005 [005 [000 [0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 [70.36 Combustion chambers ‘003 [010 [000 [0.00 [00s [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.65 ‘Compressor rotor ‘000 | 0.00 [000 | 0.05 [0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.16 | 0.36 ‘Compressor stator ‘000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [005 [0.00 [000 [000 [003 | o.08 ‘Control unit 005 | 036 | 005 | 021 | 000 | 000 [ow [176 [005 [5.47 Coolers) 000 [007 [000 [010 [016 [000 [000 [0.10 | 0.00 [71.11 Exhaust 010 [057 [000 [021 {036 | 000 | 000 | 005 | 0.10 | 1.98 Finer) aos [027 [oar [125 [000 [000 [000 [036 | 000 [3.47 Fue con oo2 [026 [01s [021 | 000 | 005 | 000 | 073 | 000 | 3.27 Fuel iter (000 | 016 | 000 [164 [005 {000 [000 | 000 | 000 [206 Fuel pump 000 [021 [000 [005 {000 [000 [000 [0.00 [000 | 0.86 Fuel scrubber/eoaleseor ‘0.00 [ooo [000 [010 [0.00 [000 [000 [005 | 0.00 [021 Hood o21_| o31_[ 000 [073 | 010 | 000 | 000 | 0.10 | 005 | 1.77 HP wibine 0.00 | 005 [005 [000 | 003 | 000 | 000 | 005 [000 | 0.29 Instrument, Fame ‘0.00 | 0.00 [000 [000 [000 [000 [000 [005 | 0.00 | 042 Inssumert flow ‘o90 [000 foo [o10 [000 [000 [000 | 005 [000 | 0.70 Inssurent, general ‘0.00 [000 [00s [aia [000 [00s [00s [016 [0.00 | 1.04 Inscurent, evel 0.00 {0.00 [00s [010 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 042 Instrument, pressure 0.00 | 013 | 008 | 026 | 000 | 000 | 000 [034 | 000 | 494 Inscument speed ‘o.00 {016 | 000 | a10 | 000 [010 [ooo [os | 000 | 338 Inseumen. temperature 01 [047 [010 [026 [000 {000 [00s [oss | a0 | 6.13 Insburent, vibration ‘0.00 [000 [000 [aos 000 {000 [000 [ose [a3 [3.17 Internal power supoly 0.00 [0.16 | 000 | 016 | 0.00 | 000 [005 [062 | 000 | 1.41 Montoring 0.00 | 0.16 | 010 | 00 | 000 | 000 | 00s [010 | 000 | 250 On 005 017 | 000 | a10 | 000 | 000 [ooo [023 | a0 | 072 (Other 005 [078 [049 | 239 [036 [000 | o10 [03 [000 | 692 Piping os [023 [002 [os [008 [000 [000 [000 [013 | 2.70 ump winetor 010 | 061 | 010 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 005 | 049 | 000 | 288 Purge ait 010 | 0.36 | 005 | 09 | 005 | 000 | 000 | 016 | 000 | 196 Radial bearing 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 [000 [005 [ooo | o10 [021 Reservoir whheating system 10.00 [000 [005 | 0.10 | 0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 | 0.00 | 031 Rotor 10.00 [0.00 | 000 | 005 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | e00 | 005 | 0.16 Seals 0.05 | 0.10 | 002 | 005 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 003 | 000 | 1.70 Stan contol 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | o10 | 000 | 036 Start energy (battery. ait) 0.00 [010 | 000 | 0.16 | 000 | 000 | 000 | a00 | 0.00 [0.47 Staring unit 0.00 | -o21 | 000 | 005 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 [aos [0.00 [182 Stator ‘0.00 [000 [000 {0.00 [000 [o.00 | 000 [000 [0.00 [0.70 Subunit 0.00 [055 [0.10 | 0.36 | 005 | 000 | 005 | a7 | 01 | 367 Thrust bearing 0.00 [0.05 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [000 J 0.05 [000 [0.26 Unknown, 010 | o78 [026 | 151 [oe [oo [oo [os [ore | 672 Vaves 020 | 130 [057 | 042 | 013 [016 | 016 | 203 [003 [11.10 Total 614 | 1005 [333 [1385 [203 [036 [04 [286 [1.20 | 1000 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable itemvfailure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 144 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, to be continued Item: Gas Turbines - Aeroderivative AR | 6RO [eur [eu | eRO [ris [WO [i [100 | NOL Blockageiplugged 031 | 000 [000 | 000 |o05 [021 | 000 [ooo [073 [0.00 Breakage 078 | 005 [010 | 031 | 01 | 005 [ooo [000 | 0.00 [005 Bust 0.00 | 0.00 [016 | 021 | 000 [0.00 [000 [aos [0.00 [0.00 Caviaton 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [000 [0.00 [0.00 [005 Clearancel alignment faire 0.00 [0.00 [016 | 0.10 | 000 [016 | 000 | 005 | 0.05 [ 0.00, Combined causes 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 0.00 | 000 [021 | 000 | a0 | 005 [ 0.00, ‘Common modo faire 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 000 [0.00 [000 [a0 [005 0.00, (Contamination 0.16 | 0.00 [000 | 005 | 005 [0.00 [000 | a00 [0.10 [0.00 Control faiure 031 [000 [000 | o10 [021 [073 [00s [a0 [0.16 [0.00 Corrosion 0.16 | 000 [000 [057 | 005 [0.16 [000 [00 [0.00 0.00. Deformation 095 [021 [026 _| 1.04 | 000 | 010 | 005 | 00s | 0.00 [ 0.10, Earhisotaton faut 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 [000 {a00 | 0.00 [ 0.00, local false general 073 | 000 [000 | 000 [005 [052 [000 [000 [005 [0.00 Erosion 0.00 [0.00 [016 | 0.10 | 000 [0.05 [000 [0.00 [0.00 0.00. Exernal inverse. general 0.16 | 0.00 [000 | 005 | 005 [0.10 [000 [00] 0.00 0.00. Fatigue 0.05 |-0.00 [000 | 0.10 | 000 | 0.05 | 000 [00s | 0.05 | 0.05 Fauty powervotage 0.90 | 0.00 [000 | 0.05 | 000 | 005 [000 | coo | 0.00 [ 0.00, Futy signatindcsion/alamm 536 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 010 [036 [000 | 00 | 005 [0.00 Instument fare - general 390 [010 [016 | 005 [oa [1.25 [021 [a0 [021 [0.00. Leakage 0.10 | 005 [052 _| 1.67 | 000 | 016 | 000 | a21 | 026 | 000 Looseness ox {000 [031 [oes [000 [0.21 [000 [005] 0.05 [00s Material fale general ‘05_| 000 [os7 | 1.41 | 005 | 0.00 | 000 | 005 | 005 | 0.00 Mechanical Faure - general 026 | 021 | 068] 130 | 042 | 250 | 000 [036 | 047 | 0.70 ise, external nuences. ‘0.05 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [000 | 005 [0.00 [0.05 [0.00 [0.00 Miscellaneous - genera ‘005 | oo [000 [0.00 [ooo | 0.21 [0.00 [70.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 No cause found ‘010 {000 [010 [0.10 [000 [0.16 [0.05 [0.05 [0.05 [005 No power votage ‘0.05_| 0.00 [0.00 | 0.90 | o00_| 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 No signalindicatirvalorm ‘094 0.00 | 000 | 000 | o00 | 005 | 0.00 [0.00 | 000 | 0.00 Open cicut ‘031 000 [000 [000 [000 [031 [0.00 {0.00 | oo [0.00 Other 005 [000 [000 [005 [oro [0.36 | 0.00 [0.00 [005 |-0.00 (Ou of agusiment 255 [000 [000 [005 [000 [068 [00s [a1 [026 [0.00 Overheating 0.00_| 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 {0.00 ‘Shot cicuting 005 | 0.00 | 090 [090 | 000 | 0.10 | 000 [000 | 000 {0.00 Software fare 031_| 0.00] 000 [000 | 005 | 0.16 [0.00 {0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Secking 016 | 005 {000 [000 [oro [036 [0.00 [005 [0.10 | 0.00 Uniaown 010 [005 [000 [015 | o00_| 0.10 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.10 | 0.00 ‘Viexauon 042_| 0.00 [005 [005 | 005 | 005 | 0.00 {000 | 0.00 | 0.00 Wear 068 | 0.05 | 052 [06s [016 | 005 | 000 | 076 | 047 | 0.10 Total 1853 [078 [375 [906 [192 [953 [042 [130 [338 [057 The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorfailure mode combination. @ OREDAOREDA-2002 142 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, continued tem: Gas Turbines - Aeroderivative one_[ora [poe [ser [sid _[ stp] unk [ust [vib Sun Biockogelpaged 0.16 [ose | 083 | 281 | 000 | 000 [000 [os | 000 [593 Breakage. 010 [ost | 010 {047 | oar | ooo [000 [oz | 000 [3.12 Bust ooo [042 | 000 [00s [021 | ooo [000 | 00s [ooo [1.15 Cavitation 00 [0.00 | 000 | oo | o00 | oo [000 | 0.00 { o.00 | 00s Clearance sigament aie ‘000_| 0.15 [0.16 | 010 | 000 | 000 [000 [005 [os [1.04 Combined causes 390-005 [000 | 005 [000] 000 [000 [005 [00s [437 ‘Common mode aie ‘00-000 | 000 | 005 [000 | 00 000 [000 [0.00 [0.10 Contarnaion ‘os [ose [026 [130 [000 oo [ois [ozs [or [3.96 Coir aire ‘a00_foas [010 [005 | 00 [000 | 05 | 130 |-005_[ 3.49 Corrosion ‘005 [oat foo [os [oz | ov [000 | 000 [ooo [2.54 Defornaicn 005 foi [ooo [042 | 010 | 1 [000 | or | o00 | 281 Eartisoaton faut ‘0.00 [0.16 [000 [0.10 [000] 000 | 000 [005 [ooo [031 Elta are - general ‘o10 [062 [0.15 [083 [000 | 000 [005 [oss [oro [azz Erosion 0.00 000 [000 [010 | 005 | 000 | ow | coo [005 | 082 External inivence general cod | 005 | 000 | 010 [000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.16 [000 [068 Fie 005005 | oo [oz | 010 | 000 | 00 [0.00 [090 [078 Fouty powerhokage ooo [0.00 | 000 | 00s [000 | 000 [000 [-03_| 000 [0.47 Feuty signalindeaton/alor ooo [000 oz1 [016 [000 | 000 [000 [182 [os [a2 Insirument fale -gonerl ooo [073 026 |-o47 [000 | 010 | 005 | 161_[ 00s [937 Leakage 00s [ose] o16 | cos [ox | ow [000 [026 [aos [483 Looseness ‘0.00 [016 | 000 [083 | 005 [000 | 000 | 031 [000 [73.18 Metoral fire goneal ‘0.00 [016 | 000 [026 | 005 | 000 | 0.10 [0.16 [0.00 [2.92 Mechanical Falure - general oz [130 [ose [os7 | o21_| ore [oa _| 146 [ors [1109 Mise. ener iruenoos 0s [00s [000 | 000 | 000 | oo | 000 [026 [010 [062 Miseplaneous - general ‘000 [005-005 [042 | 0.00 | ooo | 00s [005 [000 [088 No couse ound 0.00 | 005 | 000 | 000 [000 {000 | 000 | 010 [000 [0.83 No power votoge 0.00 [005 {0.00 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 [016 [0.00 [0.26 No sgnatingcatovaarm ‘000 [oa [000 [005] 000 | 000 | 000 [021 [000 | 1.46 ‘Open ercut 005 [00s [000 [016 | ooo [000 | 00s [036 [ooo] 1.30 One 010 [090 [000 [0.10 | 005 | 000 [000 [035 [oon | 2.24 Out of austen ‘005 [026 [016 | 052 [000 | 00 | 000 [057 [000 | 5.26 Overheating 005 005 | 000 [010 | 000 | 000 | 000 [010 [000 [031 Shor crcuting ‘000 10.10 | 005 [005 | ooo | 000 000 [026 [000 [asz Sofware fare ‘00 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 | 00 | 000 [090 [000 [082 Sick ooo | 068 | 005-073 | 000 | 000 | 000 [016 [000 [24s Unknown ‘a10 | 026 [oa | 010 [000 | 000 | 021 [025 [000 [1.67 Vibraton ‘0000.10 | 000 [035 [000 | 000 000 [ose [026 [77 Wess 0100s? [00s {125 [071 | ow [oxo | 00s [00s [526 Tota 614 | 1005 333 [1305 | 203 [035 [10 | 1206 [1.20 [1000 “The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorfiailure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 143 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy ne item fhaaa Machinery | Gas Tues Aerodertvatve (1000) KW Population | Fstaliations ‘Aggrogited time i service (106 hours) Wo of demands 7 2 Calendar time * ‘Operational time 0.1556 0.1555 Failure mode ‘No of Failure rate (per 106 hours). Active Repair (manhours) i aiures| Tower | Mean | Upper_| SD | —nie—| reps [ Win | Mean | Max iticar Sr] zen} 36405) art] — aes} a6623]| | 1.0) 200] 1200] S7t| 288.37] 364.41] 447.79) 48.56) 366.63) Breakdown 2] oq tian] 3396 1173) 12851 | 20] a7] 720 2] 03d ttag) a4) 11.74) 09 Estomalletage-Uitty mean] "| oi} 584) 1813] Gas] ro] to] 19 ii} on} 504] tes] baa} 6a Falta stat on denen ar] r99.o0] 26282) 33395) anne) 253. 4a} 175] 1099] ani] 19939] 26308] 33429) 39] 253.71 High output +] oa seq) 163] 64a} 6as]_ | a6} a0] as ui] on) sq 81s] 643) 6a Spates sop wz] az] rae) 11773) 2226 rao] | 40} 25] 1200) sat} 4527] rr96| 11785] z22e) 7729 Degrade 2s*| 1208] rza31] 3469] 10757] 16083] | 20/201] 1880) asi] 204] 123d] 33522) 107.7] 6080 Erato +] go 2595] 5006) 1205) 25.9 eo] 10s] 124 at} 90 2599) soar] 1204 2523 External leakage -Fuel +} on} seq) tex] 643] 5a] | zal 20] 20a 1] on) sq as] 6a) 6a Escemalieakage-Uiymecuen] —7"| 4793687] 94g) 2926) ase] =] 20] az] 1580) rt] 479] 3690) 9426] 20.32) 45,09 ter wo} aif 1930) as] ars] 6425 ©] 20] 0a] 1300) rot} 3:7) 4935] ra3ea] ars] 642 Parameter cevissn r} on) seq] 1813] baa] 6 cr it] on] seq 15] as) 6a Srucurl etlecy r] on} se tata} sae] ga] ] ao] aa} ni] on) saq ats] 643) 6.3 Vereion vr} onf sae) tana] baa} saa] | ao] 0] 309 uf on) aq sats] aa) 8.3] ncipent ar] stao} rzogi] 240] see] rata] =| t0] aa] at] siz] range) 2140s] soo) 135.07 Aoncrnainsrumerceesing | 10'| 168e] 50.25] rzn01] 320] 25 ro) a4) 60 ror] 182] 5831] 12024] 3268) 64.22 ior service poles 7] 1975] 4347] 7408] 17.00) 4499 ro] as| 6d re] r37f ani] 7474) 17.00) 5.09 tee r| ont sad eax] ge] 6a], ] za} zo] tz ui] ot] sad 15] 643) soucual decinoy z| 03 1609) agai] 1759) 928) ©] ao} aio] 700 at} 033) 1611] 407] 761] 19.39 A modes tos'| 33561] eorto) szsc7| waza] sore] = -| 10] 1037] 1580] 103} | 335.02) 601.54) 931.15] 183.26) 662.50) ‘Comments © OREDAOREDA-2002 144 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item 1212 Machinery cas Tunes Aerodervatve (3000-10000)KW_ Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time inservice (106 hours) No of demands 5 2 Calendar time * Operational time T 108 0927 oom? Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 106 hours). Repair (manhours) taitures | Lower | Mean | Upper | SD Win_| Mean [Max rear aor] 107.87] 20253) 321.28) 65.71 1a] 278) 3260) zor] 173.95) 257.67) 448.45) 102.69 Abnerma rumen easing +] 008] 15.27] $661] 2092 sso] 530] 530) ai] one] 19.22) cri] 247] External leakage - Fuel 2 0.27] 18.69) 59.23] 21.29) 400 45) 5.0] 2] 030] 2423) 7793) 28.27 Fatto sa ondorand | 734 3835) 88.16) 25.89 10] reo} 68 at] 729{ 49.6 120.17] 3682 Internal teakage 1} 020] 984) 30.51] 10.79] 10.79] 100] 100] 100} 100 ui] 024 12:76] 39.74) tami] 13:95] lotner 1] 008} 15.77] S861] 20.92 10:79} le t0| Ole 40) it} 0.12] 19.22] 7.11] 2477) 13.95} Spurious stop ror} 1.61] 8350] 259.57} 920i 107.86) 6.7) 10) 8a] 29 rot] 1.86] 109.02) 344.53] 123.62) 139.54) ieration r| 0.08] 15.7} 56.61] 2082) 10.79 3260] 3260) 3260] ut] 0.12) 19.22] 67.11] 2477] 13.8] Degraded 3 1.27] 210.69) 3889] 140.22 20] $50] 5200 1st] 107.61] 181.76) 271.60] 50.31) 181.40) Eratic ouput z| o27|- 18469] $9.23] 2129 21.57] as] 80 as} 80 at] 0.30] 2423) 77.93) 28.22) 27.91 Exemalleakage-Utity mecism] "| 020, 9.843051! 10.79) 10.79] 4.0) 120) 120) 120 at] 02a 1276] 3974) a] 13.95 Low out | 1826] 9057] 208.29) 61.03] 75.50) G3) 5.0] 1030] $200) ni] 28.5) 112.48 242.89] 68.29) 97568 Mino in-service problems 1} 020 9.84 3051] 1079] 10.79] 20] 20] 20) 2 ut} a2 1276] © 39.74) 14.11] 13.95} Parameter deviation 21 027) 186) 59.23) 21.29] 2157] 55] 50| 55} 60 zt} 0.30 24.231 77.93] 2822) 2791] Incipient sa] 375.89) $63.46) 782.00] 124.17) 58245] 32} 10/121] 121.0 sat| 546.22) 73287] 942.07) 120.72) 753.52 Abnormal instrument reading i] 144] 91.03] 206.89} 102.75 t1865] 20) 1.0] 22] Ba mt] 153} 11800] 381.28) 137.84) 153.49 Erte ouput 2] are] 23.15] 54.68) 1626 «21.57/10, 10] 85180 2i| 603] 2347] 67.51) 19:73) 27.91 Exeralleakage-Usity medium 7" 3.59) 60.93] 179.29] 58,55] 75.50] 5.8] 10) 85] 34.0) Ti] 316{ 79.09] 238.12) 80.72) 97.63 Fal to start on cemand 1] 020] 9.4) 3051] 1073] 10.79] 1.0) 1.0) 10} Q uf 02a 12.76 © 39.74) tami] 13,95] Internal leakage r] 020, 9.84} 3051) 1079) 10.79] 40] 40] 40}, wtf o24 12.76 39.74] sari] __ 1335] [Comments (cont) @OREDAOREDA- 2002 145 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no ter 212 Machinery [cas Turbines Aerodervatve (3000-10000) Population | installations ‘Aggregated tine in service (106 hours) No of demands 5 2 Colendar time Operational time ™ Tr) 0.0927 oon? Failure node Failure rate (per 105 hours) ‘tive | _ Repair (nanhours) Tower [Mean | Upper | SD_[ nit _| rep.hrs | Min | Mean | Max Tow out ao} 177] soi] z09q) 1079 [sop 280) 280) ong 1922] sai} 2477] 13.95 Minor in-service problems 6] 2643] 62.39) 11125] 2642) 6472] ©3510] aa} 100 st] 2967 soz] 15057] 37.74) 83.72 other s| zai] 557! wosé 2412) 533] 27} 10] 140] 470 si] zate} 717i] rasa 3120 oat] Overheating 1] oo] 15:77] 5861] 202) 10.79 woo} 300] 300 ni] on tga ann} 2am] 1395 Parameter devaicn vz] 133) 9858 31453] 113.48) 12943] 33] 15] a3] 8 va] 145] 12893] 18.3] 152.04) 16749 Sueur deiceney 6] 105] sear} 32087] 116.75 6472] 1.010) sso] 129 si] 151] 120.76] 38783] 14037] 83.72 Vrain 1] 60x] 1577] sei] 2082) 1079 v4o] 140] 40 at} on} 1922] ami] zur] 13.985) Unknown 3] 493] 304s} 10156) 34.60 3236) 1.0/1.0] 90] at} sto] 4.75) 11784] 3550) 41.86 | Aboormalnstumentreacing 1] 020} 984) 2051] 1079} 10.79] ©1000) ni] 2a 1276) a7) 14a] 1385 Other 1] 003} 15.277] 661] 2092} 10.79 | 80] 80) a0) ni] 12} 19.22) ex] ar] 1395 Uninown 1} 003} 15.77) 661] 209} 10.79 10] 180] 189} a} at} 1922 ann 247] 13.95 Al modes so°| 79389] 955.76] 113007] 10233] 97075] 5:1] 10] 214] 5200 sot] 909.99] 1216.90] 1560.49] 198.36] 1255.6 (Comments On demand probabil for consequence class: Creal and failure mode: Fl to starton demand = 0.0. 100 @ OREDAOREDA-2002 146 OREDA-2002 [Taxonomy no tem 213 Machinery Gas Turbines Aeradervative (20000-20000) Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) Wo of domands 7 2 Calendar time Operational time T 26e7 0.2353 0.1630 jure mode Woof Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘ative [__ Repair (manhours) atures Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | n/t _| repiws | Min [ Mean [Max [Craical 116] 110.78] 591.73] 1386.60] 410.62) 748.07 oa] 29.4] 3900) amet} 78.83] 864.59) 2380.32] 770.48) 1079.79) External leakage - Fuel 6| 403] 27.68] ©5087] 15.08) 25.50) 13.7] 60] 27.4) 800) st] 204 30.38] 87.95) 2906) 36.81 Ewernalleakage- Unity medium] 3°] 0.23) 1065) 32.92] 11.61 12.78] 427) 170) 2.0) 1000) si] 390) 1685) 37.24 10.63] 18.41 Fal to start on demand 33" 102.01] 13960) 18204] 24.42] 14026] «14.51 10/265) 1350 33t] 14327] 197.45] 25877] 35.24] 202.46] Low output 2| 023) 739] ©2246} 7.74 «= as} «= 5.0}. 90] 98] 100 aif 013] 1065, 34.23] 1239) 1227 Other 1) 003] 7.99) 3076) 11.34) 4.25 7 | at] 0.05] 8.48] 29.63) 1094 6.14 Overteating av} 073] 11749 411.35) 151.88) 174.27) 148) 0.1] 288) 2130 ait} 0.92] 183.74] 667.72) 246.72) 251.54 Spurious stop a6" 40.36] 28364) T1082] 21905] 365.53] 15.3] 1.0), 288) 3800) ast] 27.85] 417.24) 120857] 399.30) 527.62| Unknown tr} 0.03] 7.99 30.76] 11.34) 4.25) z | at} 0.05] 8.49] 2963] 1094) 6.14 Vicxation 3| 023] 10.65} © 32.92) 1161] 1275] 588] 200] 96.0] 1720 3t} 390] 1685] 37.24) 1063] 18.41 Degraded sir] 19.08] 36059] 1073.79] 357.95] 497.30] 184) 30] 40.4) 7680) si7t} — 9.08| | 546.66] 1716.37) 613.19) 717.81) Abnormal nssument reading | 24a] 298q] 83.71 27.30) 3825) 10.7] 80] 23.4) 700) st] aa] 4353] 135.35) 47.99) 55.22 Erratic out 7 13.08] 2877} 49.40] 11.25] 29.75] 187] Go| 358) 780 nif 1130 4005] 83.16] 22.71) 42.95] eral leakage - Fuel s| saa} 189) 392s] 1070) 21.25) 128] 160] 26.2] 480 st] 2.56] 26.00] 70.45) 2262) 30.69 [Enernalteckage-Uiity medimm] —8"|—«-2.79) 27.15 7291! 23.0 34.00 $2.0 30] 1403) 7680) at] 102] 39.15] 119.73] 41.72) 49.08 Low ouput s| 252) 30.87] 86.68] 2831] 21.25 208] 40] 48.8} 1210 st] 794 35.36 78.87] 22.68) 30568 Other iz} 14a] eo) 11496 © 39.16 sto] 23.8] 40] 47.5) 2000 i2i| 064] 56.67} 183.67] 66.73] 73.62] Overeating cor] 08s} r69.49| 610.12} 22544) 25502] 85] 58] 166] 795] sot] 123) 26699) 986.94) 364.48) 368.17 Parameter deviation | 96) 1719] 33.13) aso) 17.00) 75] 80] 160] 200) at] at0f 24.20, 47.26) 1221) 24.54 Sructral deficiency s| 536] 18.94] 39.24) 10.70] 21.25) 101.8] 1300] zane] 490.0 sil 256 2600 70.45] _22.62] 30.68] ‘Comments (cont) @ OREDAOREDA-2002 147 OREDA-2002 [Taxonomy no hem 1.2.1.3 Machinery Gas Turbines Aeroderivative (10000-20000)KW Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) ‘No of demands. 7 2 Calendar time * Operational time * 2647 0.2353 0.1630 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Active [__ Repair (manhours) failures| Lower | Mean | Upper | SD nie _| rep.hrs | Min Max. Vibration 2] o2af 7.39) a2.46f 774) BSD] AO] 40] 7.0] 1000 2t| 013] 10.65] 34.23] 12.39) 12.27] Incipient 234°] 256.21] 826.91] 1662.39 442.16) 994.69) 7.6) 1.0/ 13.4) 192.0 ‘23at| 175.77} 1183.82] 2938.99] 901.19] 1435.63] [Abnormal instrument reading er] 39.70) 286.34] 721.55] 222.98] 369.78) 48] 1.0] 9.2) 680] e7t| 27.35] 421.60] 1225.85) 405.62} $33.76] External leakage - Fuel 3] 084] i909) © 57.35] 19.32) 1275] 10.3] 30] ho] 19.0 3H] 353} 21.49) 52.09) 15.75) “18.41 External leakage Unity medium! — 26"| $603, 102.33] 158.88] 31.94) 11051] a4} 10] 166) 720) a6t| 32.41} 138.12} 30408] 86.57] 159.51 Inernal leakage || Oral ry) ede | ral) also co) G5|. oe) 2 alo at} 013} 10.65] 34.23] 12.39) 12.27] Minor in-service groblems 4s'| 2.46) 143.95) 451.07] 160.92) 204.02 39) 10/75) 400 481] 1.96 220.56] 733.94) 268.88] 294.49) Noise 1] 003} 7.99} 30.76] 11.34 425] 160] 160] 160] 16.0 it] 005] 8.48) 29.63] 10.94) 6.14) Other so] 2.35 149.40} 470.94] 168.70] 212.62} 11.2] 20) 196) 19209 sot] 1,96] 229.31) 766.94) 281.31] 306.76) (Overheating 1] 008} 3.86] 12.00} 4.25, 425] 150) 300] 300] 30.0 uf 01] $61) 17.46] 6.20] 6.14 Parameter deviation +] 014) 36.50} 140.51) 51.79 17.00) 13.7] 90] 13.9] 220 4t] 06] 39.16 148.28 54.68) 24.54] Structural deficiency 3*| 023) 10.65 32.92] 11.61] 12.75] 447] BO} BBO] (1759 3t| 390} 16.85] 37.24] 10.63] 18.41 Unknown 8] 0.29] 74.52] 286.56] 105.58) 34.00] 28.8] 140/228 35.0 Bt] 0.32} 60.08 305.52] 112.59) 49.08] Vibration 1] 008} 3.86] 12.00) 4.25, 425) 30/30) 30] 3.9 i] On} 56] 17.46] 6.20) 6.14 [Unknown «| 158] 1544) 31.53] 8.50} 17.00) 4.0) 20} 8020.0 at} 3.46) 21.62) 52.71] 15.99) 24.54 Other 1] 008} 3.86, 12.00} 4.25 4.25) 10.0] 200 200 20.0 it] on} 561] 17.46] 6.20) 6.14 Unknown, 3] 0231 10.65 32.92) 11.61] 12.75) 1.0] 20] 20 29 3t| 390} 16.85) 37.24] 10.63] 1841 |All modes 531°] 319.05) 1773.35] 4194.34] 1248.17] 2256.96] 12.7| 0.1] 24.7] 7680) s3tt|_ 233.06) 2601.35] 7185.95] 2329.68] _3257.77| [Comments on cemand probably for consequence class: Ctical and falure made: Falto stanton demand = 1.2. 10-2, © OREDAOREDA-2002 148 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no: tem’ 12.4 Machinery Gas Turbines Aerodervative (20000-40000)W Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) Wo of demands 6 5 Calendar time * Operational time ® 3512 0.6453, 0.3408 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘ative [__ Repair (manhours) faitures| Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | n/t | rep.nes | Min [ Mean [Max Critical 296° 2.07] 373.37] 1331.07| 497.76| 458731 23.703] 27.6] 604.0 2g6t] 1.49] 756.82} 3032.67) 1136.91] 968.45] Abnormal instrument reading 1| ooo] 139] 56] 2.14) 1.85| 40] 40] 40] 4 it] ooo] 2.73] 1295) $30} 2.93 Breakdown 7] 160] 10.24 ©=— 25.12] 7.65] 10.85] 306| | 20) 63.4) 286. mt] 085} 2003] 60.20) 20.32} 20.84 Eratc output e| 534] 12.72} 2267] 5.38) 1240} © 4d] 30) 75.) 2040) at] 3.10] 23.18] S884) 18.25] 23.47 External leakage - Fut 2} 036] 37.02] 121.93) 44.54) ©3409] 10.7) 03) 162) 78.) zat} 80] 62.39} 200.07] 72.35] 64.55] Extemal leakage Utitymedum] 10.00] 1.64807] 3.40] 1.55} 120] 120] 120 it] coo 276 13.20) 5a} 29] Fai to start. on demand, ar} 076 10478) 357.87| 131.76) 134.83] 28.9 1.0] aa. a24) ert} 0.70] 21894) 51.34] 315.38] 255.25] Faitto stop on demand 6] 361} ao] 15.83] © 3.80] 930} 40] 20) 5.2) 100 et] 1.08] 16.36 47.56) 15.73] 17.60 High outer 4] oor} 497] 1986] 7.43] 6.20] 1.9] 50) 210) 520 at] 000} 10.30] 47.26) 18.91) 11.74 Internat teakage 2] o4s] 290] 7.17] 2.49} 3.10] 185) 9.0] 185] 28. at] 095] 551] 1842) 6.75] 5.87 Low output iz] ooo] 28.47] 127.58] $0.51) 1860] 45.9] 5.0) 686) 604. rat} 0.00 38.28) 179.26] 7291) 35.21 Other s| 065] 752) 20g0o| 6.79) 7.75] 428] 120) 834) 1140 st] 558] 1443) 26.63] 6.56) 14.67 Overheating T] os] 9.36, °~—31.56] 17.60] 1085] 420} 3.0) G1] 2430) 7H} 003} 18.49} 75.34) 28.47] 20.54 Peremeter deviation 7] 000] 789] 37a7] 15:36] © 10.85 10.7] 40] 127] 260 7t] 000] 17.45] 86.10] 36.40) 20.54 Spurious top rz] 0.02} 139.73] 638.98) 254.96 189.07] 183) 1.0] 19.4) 5650) raat) oor] 304.75, 1433.68] 584.76) 357.94 Vibration | 102] 706] ©1765] 5.43] 7.75] 10.1] 30) 89) 2885) st] 01a] 13.28) 44.09] 16.14) 14867) Degraded 167] 41.28] 272.44) 673.23] 205.91] 25881] 17.6) 1.0) 17.7 S600 wrt] 47.50 462.24) 1241.18] 396.62] 489.97| ‘Abnormal instrument reading iz] 179) 21.34) 59.68] 19.45) 18.60] 100} 20) 103) 2000 vat] 6.94) 34.60] 7967] 23.36) 35.21 Erratic output st} 034 13.70] 42.00] 1468) 13.95] 24.7| 60] 25.9) 860) st| 0.30] 25004 80.86) 29:33] 26.4 External leakage - Fuel ar] 006] 27.46) © t0g.t4] 4076 © 32.54] «= 9.1] 20], 140} BA atl ool 55.37] 242.10] 94.50] _ 61.61 [Comments {cont @OREDAOREDA-2002 149 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 1214 Machinery Ges Turines Aerodervatve (20000-40000)k Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (108 hours) No of demands 15 5 Calendar time” Operational time T 3512 0.6453 0.3408, mode Wo of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘active [Repair (manhours) failures | Lower | Mean | Upper_| SD [ah | repivs | Win | Mean | Max Enamaliakage Uiliymedum| —31'| 354) 4270) 119.65) 3909 ¢B04) 04] 1.0] za] S80 ait] 165 7946] 245.94] 86383) 90.95] Feo star on derand 1] ooo] 1.39] 566] §2t4] 155] 0} 100] 100] 100 11] 000) 273] 1295] 5.20 2.99] High ouput 3] 062] 458] 1676] 1} 465] © 20) 20] 20] 20) 3t} 23 ari] 18.39] 5.03) Ircernal eakage 8] 039) 13:76 47.92] 1452) 24a] 85] 20/158] 34.0) at} 269] 224s] 1.30] 92a) 23.47 Low output zz} 08i] 3070] 125.33] 4494) ©3403] 156] 10] 156] 77.) zai} 103) 6453] 203.15] 72.71) 64.55] Minor in-service problems T} oro 12.71] 4298) 1580, | 1085] - 5s] 10/170] 360 it} 022] 1960] 6360] 23.2) 2.5 Noise z| doof 3:35) 14.33] 554 ~— 3:10)» 100] 100} ts} 2000 at} 003] 584) 2r34 788). Over 28] 10:33] 55.31] 12969] 38.42) 43.39] 154] 20] 138] 3600 zt} 2738] 844) 16697] 4383) 82.15 Overheating Z| 000] 460] 2055] 8.13) 3.10] 7s} 10] ans] azo 21} 0.00] 635] 27.36] 1060) 5.87 Parameter deviation ir] oo} 1435) 59:13] 2244) 17051 + 60o] 20/8] 380 mt} oor} 2955) 13193] 21g) 32.27 Sevetura detlerey 6] or] 1017) 3205) 1148) 9.3054] 20/158) 530) st} 1.05} 1746] 51.29) 1703) 17.69 Urknown rv} ooof 1395.66) 2.4) 155| 40] 140] 140} 14) nyo 273) 1295] 530) 293] Miration 3} oo} 458] 16.76] 5 79) 465| 19.0] 30] 1890] 800 at} 23 arr] 18.39] S08) a Incipient 454°] 5951] 660.98] 1624.18] 591.14) 70359] 84] 1.0 136| 3580) asat| 72.75] 1233.57) 3845.96) 1366.69) 1332.01 Abnormal inssumentreadng | 177"| 2553] 26867] 73336) 23639] 27431] 72) 1.0] 981729) am} ose) 484.81] 1497.56] 527.72] 519.31 External leakage Fue! | or} 1427] arog 1721) 1395] 106] 20) 112] 25. st| 014} 2683] ori} 3592] 2641 Enema leakage Uitty medium! 65] 036] 72.69) 265.49] 9809] 100.73] 107] 1.0] 184] 2380) est] 039] 16252] 644.05] 24030) 190.71 Intel leakage s| aos} 950] 3692] 1367) 1240] 138 20] 162] 480 si] oi} 2036 e802] 3415) 23.47 Low output 4] oor} 497] 19.86] 7.43} 6.20] = 10.0] 8.0] 100} 120} 4t| 0.00] 1030) 47.26] 1893} 11.74 Mino inservice problems riz] 08a] 164.77] sage] 221.86 17357] 53) 10] aa] 1179) swat] a7] 299.12| 1177.78) 438.50) 328.60] [Comments (cont) © OREDAOREDA-2002 150 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 1214 Mactinery Gas Turbines Aerodervaive (20000-40000),W Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) No of demands 6 5 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 3512 0.6453 0.3408 Wo of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘hetive [Repair (manhours) taiures | Lower | Mean | Upper | SO_[ nie _| repaws | ‘win | Mean |” Max Nose zp oa 290) ral] 279) 3.10 760] 160, 163 21 oo} 551] 1842) 675) 587 Other 6] 2eae] 08.72] 21280] 59.75) 8679] 17.8] 1.0) 26.1] 3580) set] 4ogi] 17265] 37931] 107.84) 16420] Overheating z| oss 290) «= 2.17} 2g) 30.15], 10] 18] 2 ai} o05| 551] 18.42] B75] 5.87 Parameter deviation 2) ore] 287 ~— 850] 283] «3.0 © 3.0] 30) 50] 70 at] 005} 562) 18.73] Ga] 5.87 Structural coicency te] 134 1723] 5044] 1656] 21.70 156] 40] 34.4) oH 37] 37.04 2170] 443) 41.08 Virion cos} 46a] 1464) sz] 465) = 140] 40) 21.0) 380 os} 873) 2392] 7.72) a. Unknown zai} 1625] 40.34) 1237] 1240) 9.8} G0 47.0) 2120) st} 1223] 2407] 30.18] 830) 23.47 omer | 133] 4751 4268] 465| 0 80] 343} 780) st] oxo} © a3} sari] 1.29 a0] Unknown s| aso] 11561] 3554] 1240) 7.75 103/60] 546] 2120) st] 1.47} 1600] 43.96 14.22) 14.87 Ait modes 925") 96.73 3792.70| 1247.64) 143352] 152| 03] 19.4] 6040 s2st| 3285) 791643] 2858.08) 2713.90 [Comments On demand probabilty for consequence class: Citcal and falure mode: Fail to start on demand = 2.2, 102 © OREDAOREDA-2002 151 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item 1218 Machinery Gas Turbines Acrodesivative Unknown Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) No of demands 5 1 Ci ‘Operational time 537 01518 Failuremode Wo of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘etive [__ Repair (manhours) failures: Mean | Upper | SD [le _| reps | Min | Mean | Max (Critical 55" 200.30] 262.07] 20930) 20030/ 226) 2.0] 35.8] 301.0 s5t 36223] 453.45] 36223) 362.23 Breakdown e 22.83] 45.08] 22.89] 2283} 76.0) 60) 990) 3010) ot 3952) 17.98| 39.52] 3952] Fallo star on demand 16 soa9 92.47} 60.83] 60.89] 240] 20) 252) 12000 16t 105.38) 160,03] 105.38] 105.38] Fail o stop on demand r| 38)] 1805] 381] 38i] 120] 120) 120] 120 w 659, 31.25) 659] 6.89 eternal leakage r| 381] 1806] 381] 381] 60] 60) 60] + 659] 31.25] 6596.89 Low output * 1522] 34.84] 1522] 15.22| 346] Bo] 346) 1065 at 2634) 6029] 26.34] 26.34 Overheating 2 761] 23.96| 761] 7.61] 220) 120] 220) ao 2 v3.47} 41.46] 1317] 13.17 Parameter doviaton r 2664 — 0.04) 2654 2664) «= 31.3] 30] 34.1} 960 n 46.10 8661] 46.10} 46.10) Spurious stop 17 6469) 97.03] 64.69] 6469] © 295] 3.0] 295/238. m| 11796] 16792] 111.96) 111.96] eration ry 38i] 1805] 381] 381] 180] 60] 260] 280) at 659] 31.25] asa) 6.59 Degraded sr 197a9| 249.32} 197.89, 19789] 158] 10/215 3120) sat sazai| 43148) 42.47) 342.47] Eralle ouput x na} 29st] 1141 1142) 100] 40) 567] 1500 3t 1976] 51.071 19.76] 1976 External leakage Fuel r 3ai] 18.08] 3a1] 387] go] ao} ao] at t 659] 31.25] 659) asa xceral leakage Utity mei] 13" sga7] 7864] 49.47 4a.47] 165] 20) 175| 1220 13 95.62] 136.10] 85.62] 85.62 | cern eakage 2 761} 2396] 761] 761] 535] 17.0} 630} 1090 2 yar] tae] 13.17] 13.171 Low output 8 30.44] 5493] 30.44] goal §=— 7.0 30) 70] 220 at 5269] 95.07] 52.69] 5269] Mince in-service problems z rei] 23:96] 761 761] 30 10) 20] 3 a var] 146] 13.17) 13:17] Noise is 301] 1806] 381] 381] 1450] 3120) 3120] 120 it 659} 31.25| 659] 89 ter 3 3425] 59.77] 34.25] 3425] 103] 30) 103/300 at 5927] 10343] 59.27) 59.27] overheating 1 3ai| 1806] 381] 381] 160] 160) 160) 160 i 6531251 659) 6.89) [Comments (cont @ OREDAOREDA-2002 152 OREDA- 2002 [Taxonomy no Them 245 Machinery Gas Turbines Aeraderivative Unknown Population | Installations ‘Ragregated time inservice (106 hours) Wo of demands 5 1 Calendar time * Operational time T sor 0.2628 0.1518 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 106 hours) ‘Retive [__ Repair (manhours) failures | Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | of | rep.tws | Win | Mean | Max Parameter deviation Ty] 2348) 41.86] 6930] 4186 tao =a} 1579] 240 mi] 406) 72.45] 11993] 72.45] 72.45] | Srucural deficiency 1} 0.19} 3.81} 1805] 38] 3.81 30) a0) 30 mt] 033) 659] 31.25] B50} 59) 163"| 542.60] 620.30] 706.38] 620.30) 62030] 15.4) 05] 17.4 2940) twat} 930.04] 1073.51] 1222.48) 1073.51) 1073.5 Abnormal insaument reading 47] 13821) 17886] 228.03] 178.86] 178.86] 19.9] 05/194) 18400 ait] 23920] 30954) 39473] 309.54] 309.54] External leakage - Fuel 2) 135) 761] 2396) 7ai] 761] a5] 30] 35] at] 231397) 41.46] 13:17] 13.17 External leakage -Utity medium] 11") 23.48] 41.86] 69.30) 41.86 41.86] © G4] 3067] 120 ait] 4064) 7245) 1993] 72.45] 7245] Minor n-senvoe problems ex] 261.07] 31886 379.12] 315.86] 31586] 129) 10] 122) 187.0 st] 451.82] 54664) 656.11] 546-64) 546.64] Noise s'| 7.50] 19.03] 40.02) 1903] 1903] 385] 60] 1108] 2940 st} 1297] 32.93] 69.25] 3293] 32.3] Other o| rev} 3425] 59.77) 3425, 34.25) 230] 10] 27a} sa gi} 3092] 59.27] 103.43] 5927) 59.27 Overheating | oa} 381] 1806] 38] 381] «= 40] 40] ao} at] 033] 659] 31.25] 659) G59 Parameter deviation x] 31 tra} zai] 14.42] 11.42) 57] 30] 5a] at] 540} 19.75] 51.07] 1976) 19.76 eration z| 136] «= 761] 2398] 761] 7.8 | ai] 234 1397] sas] 1g] 13.17 Unknown z| 135] 761] 23.98] 761] 761] 140) 140] 14.0) 140 at] 2341317] at.as) 13.7] 13.17 ter Tr} 019} 381] 1806) 38] 3.81 st} 033] 659] a125] 6.58] 6.59 Unknown tr] 019 3.81] 18.06) 381] 387) 140} 140] 140], 49) at} 033] 659] 31.25] 6.59} 659) All modes zrz'| 93407| 1035.10] 1144.46] 1035.10] 1035.10] 19.2| 05] 220] 3120 zzay| 1616.53] 1791.38] 1980.64] 1791.38] 1791.38) [Comments [On demand probably for consequence class: Clical and falure mode: Falta start on demand = 3.4. 10:3, © OREDAOREDA-2002 153 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 22 Machinery (Gas Turtines Indust Population | Installations “Aggregated te in service (106 hours) No of demands ry “ Calendar time” Operational ime 4232 31.1807 0.9008 Failure mode Failure rate (per 106 hours) ‘Rative |__ Repair Gmanhours) Lower | Mean | Upper | SO | n/t_| rephrs | Min | Mean | Max Critical 5229] 362.73) 906.50] 278.95) 28543) 37.6] 1.0 61.5] 001. 11638] 535.26) 1205.7] 34asi| 374.12 Abnormal instument reading 2! ooo} 2.70 += r487| 7.27) 169) as] 31.0] 97.0) 630) at} o0of 332) 17.99] 836) 222 Breakdown wr] ora] 9.222942] 10.62] 9.32] 778) 100] saa} 2290) vit] 192] 1187] 28a7] 875) 12.27 Erate output 13] 002] 1233] 4952] 1859] 1101) 147] 10) 283} sa 13t] 00e| 1509) S469] 202] 14.43 External leakage - Fuel io} 003} 1677) 67.03 2509] a7] 486] © 20] 154.1] 11130 wot} 014] 2365) 03.16] 2071) 11.10 Exteratteskoge - Usty medium] 10°} og6 11.15] 40.28 1486) 8.47] 141] 20] 25.4) 82a roi] 015] 1351] 4400) 1602] 11.10 Fai to stat on gomand sie] 2453] 119.73] 27416] 8012} 9994] 33.7] 10] 48.1] S110 viet) 37.75] 195.22] 45379) 133.80] 131.00 Fait sip on éemand v} oof 097] 450) 1.82] 085) 5 | un} o fae fora) a Invomateakage zl oi 170, 875] 385) 1.69] st] 120/* 1775] 3430) 2} oof 264 gif a7] 220 Low output oe a1} 133] 1073] 2763] 863] a99 Oiner s| oo] ag] 16.35] 599) 423] 42} 20} 385] 1150) st] 008) 7.02] 2285) ai! 5.35 Overheating a} oof 484 20.17] 769338) 113) 20) 165] 330) 41] 003] 56x] 20.93] 7.73) aa Perameter devation wy} ora] 21.76 ©7805] 28.84 14.40] 22.7] 10] 44.1] 2a ani} 023, 2628 © a7s7| 32.14) 1887 Spurious stop rz] 070] 124.27} 44204] 163.30) 104.18) 25] 1.0] 44] 10240 rzat] 370] 177.45] 549.10] 193.83] 136.5] Soucural decency S| 035] 4.28] 1202] 3.93] 4.23) 346.5] 120] 693.2] 30010) st] 224 S62} 1023 5355 Unknown 2| avo} 155] 8.03 169) 680] 680] 680) 68.0 21] o.oo © 202} a.8a 22 Viration s| oa 405] 15.12 423} eos] 220] 1383] 3070) st} coi] 568] 2306 5.55| Degraded 330'| 47.74 29063] 704.12 zo} 213] 10| 327] 9390 ot] 100.77) 379.13) 803.19 366.35 Abnormal instument reading 13} on} asi] 2737 vio] 6310] 108] 48 wat} 124 nati] 3256 1443] Eratc ouput 33'| 510] 2565) 59.23 27195} 85| 10/151] 720 st} 13.62| ase] 6438 36.63 | ‘Comments @OREDA (cont)}OREDA-2002 154 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no em 122 Machinery Gas Turbines Industrial Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) 4 “ Calendar time * (Operational time F 1.1807 0.9008 Failure mode Wo of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Active [Repair (manhours) {feitures | Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | nit | ropws | Min | Mean | Max [Exerral leakage - Fuel ary aie) 2226) 20} 15.42} eer! 15.2, 30,62] «47.0 at} 14a) 3301] 99.17] 33.43] 2997] External leakage -Usity medum| 52°| 861] 4861] 11542] 34.42) aoa] 42.3] 20] 88.3] 9380 sat] ters} 6358] © 131.85] 35.83] 57.73] High output tr] 0.00] 0.74 ©=— 3.24] 1.27] 0.85] go] 80] fo] it} 0.00] 0.99] 3.58] 1.32) 1.17 Incemat leakage 2] 0.17} 1.79} © 490] 158} 1.69] 22.0] 220] 220} 2.0 21} 0.00] 260, 1293] 550} 2.22 Low output ae} aos} 31.82) 132.14) 50.27 2a.80} © 26.7] 10] 282] 224 at] aoe} 38a) 153.93] 57.64] 37.74) Minor in-service problems, 2| 0.00] 6.36} 32.15] 13.82) 1.69] | 80} sof ao 2i{ 0.00 © 2.07] 36.37] 15.77) 2.22] Noise | cos} 087} 2.62] ose] 0.85 | 230] 230) 230 uf} o.oo] a} 662] 3.39) 1.11 Other 6o"} 625) 5999) 160.59] 57.23) 6082! 33.7] 10] 493] 3540) sot] 1097] 81.85] 207.69) 64.40) 661 Overheating za} azo] 22.71] 7287] 26.36] | 24.86] © 18.8 20/363] 1100 zat] 224) 2096] 85.36) 28.04] 32.19} Pocameter deviation ao} coo} 38.27] 202-47] 92.28) 3.88} ©7010] 13.1] 76. aot] ooo] 46.73) 24284) 107.75) 44a Srucuralceiciency ir} ooo} 15:31] 76.05] 32.33] 1440} © 11.3] 20] 155] a6. 171} 0.00] 1836) 88.95] 3681) 18.87 Unknown 1s} coo © 9.90) 53.23] 24.62} 11.01} 44a 20| aaa] 1160 13t] 0.00} 12.49 65.76 29.79) 14.43] Vibration 6| 0.09} 507} 15.84] 563] 5.08) 269] 120] 2] zea] st] 038] 682} 20.19] 6.72) 6.66 Incipient 667°] 178.60] 566.53] 1131.95] 29063) se493 16.3] 1.0) 26.9) | 1519. se7t| 534.63] 1760.86] 2566.30] 954.77] 740.47 | Annormal instrument reading 206°} 69.55] 17408 31687] 7594) 17448] 791 10] 129] 750 zo6i} 142.45] 691,10] | 1579.90] 461.27) 228.69] Erratic ouput 12] 060] 9.09) 2640) 8.73] T0161 ~— 852.0] 129/280 rat] 335] 1247} 263i] 7.27] 13:32] External leakage - Fuel we] ooo} 1257] 69.22] 34.43] 1355) 130 20] 13.1] 320 wet] 0.00} 15.76] 96.63] 4224) 17.76 [Exernalleokage -Utity medium! —$5"| 11.69) 45.69] 97.99] 27.42] 4658 © 13:8 20| 203) 1020 sot] 1297] 18004 515.90) 169.83) 67.06] Falto start on demanct +] 000) 077) 404] 1.82] 0.85] 40] 0] Bo] at} 0.00, 107} 75] g3) att Inornl toakage 2| 0.00} 202} 1094] 509) 1.69) 40} 20] ao] 2i] 000 sei] 29.54] 13.38] __2.22 (Comments (cont, © OREDAOREDA-2002 155, OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Item 122 Machinery Gas Turbines Insti Population | Installations ‘Ragregated time in service (106 hours) No of demands: 45 “ Calendar time Operational time T 4232 1.1807 0.9008 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Retive |__ Repair (manhours) faitures| Lower [Mean [ Upper | SD | nt | rop.nws | Min | Mean | Max Minor in Service problems 1s] 42a) 164.83 04st] 17595) 12789] 16.5] 1.0 290] 9630] tit] 4388] 346.31] 888.37] 276.87] 167.63} Noise 3} oof 2.31} 11.28] 471] 254] 30.7] 120] 795) 2085] si] 002] 3.47} 1190] 43] 333] Other ur] 0.35] 9688} 331.07] 12202) gato] 74} 10] 52.3) 15190) rim] 1.35] 157.53) 526.58] 193.11] 129.89] (Overheating ws] 232) 1161] 26.78 7.86 12.70) 23.4) 40] 39.7] 1650 rst] 867] 1605] 2527] S.11] 16.65} rameter deviaion 43°} ooo] 3605) 18300] 78.88] 36.42) 131] 10] 190] 2150 4st] ooo] 4442] 2244] 96.83) 47.74] Seuctra deficiency 1st} 343] 11.03] 22.16] 5.89} 1101} 224) 10] a4} 340 wat] 0.06] 14.53) 55.15] 20.33) 14.43 Unknown 2} ooo} 1850} t0r.10} 47.26) 2287] «= 247] 50] 24.7] 2220 art} ooo] 2290] 12303] 56.85) 29.97] Viraton | cod 49x] 1676] § 6.15] 5.08) © 17.3) 40] aro}. st} 0.00, 16.49 77-78) 31.78) 666 Unknown | ogo] 6s] 17.92 5.62} G78] 5.9] 20] a] 140) si] 4a 953] za.a2] 7.14) Ba ‘Abnocmal instrument reading 4] coo 362] 1504] 5.72} 3.39] 35] 20] 45] 70 at} 004 4.74 1601] 588) aa External leakage - Fuel y| oof oz} 44a] 224) as] 40} as} as] at} ooo} 13] 756] 09) 1.11 Other rv] ooo} og} 44s} 224) oss] 70] 140} tao], 140) arf 000} 131) 7.56) 09) a.01 Unknown y| 0.00} 0.93} +392] -—1.50) oss} = 90] 90) go], Sg at} o00f 1.30) 749) 405) 1.11 Vieraton | ooo} oa} 4.15] 1.9]. z 7 ai} 0.00] 1.08] 64) 254) 1 All modes raz] s1224] 1224.19] 262848] 735.99] 113663] 23.0] 1.0] 37.1] 30079) saat] _950.7|_2687.13) 5122.24] 1301.57] 1489.81 Comments (On demand grotabilty for consequence class: Critical and falure mode: Fallto stat on demand = 1.8. 10:2 @OREDAOREDA-2002 156 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, to be continued tom: Gas Turbines - Industrial AR [eRO [er [eu [ero [ris [wo [i [100 [nor ‘Aetuaing device ‘007 | 000 [0.00 | 000 | 000 | 022 [0.00 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 ‘Ar init 037 | 000 [007 [015 [000 | 011 | 000 [0.00 | 0.30 [0.00 Bumersfuet nozzles ‘000 | a0 [0.19 | 000 [007 {030 [000 [000 | 007 [0.00 Cabling & junction boxes ‘045_| 000 [000 [000 [015 {019 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Casing ‘0.00 | 007 [097 | 0.34 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Combustion chambers ‘0.00 | 00 [0.15 | 000 [000 | 000 | 0.00 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Compressor rotor ‘0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Compressor sialon ‘a0 {000 [0.00 [0.00 [000 | 022 [0.00 [000 | 0.00 | 0.00 Controtunt, 134 | 000 [000 | 00 [045 [075 [oor [000 [015 | 0.00 Coolers) ‘o.o0 [000 [000 [045 [000 [000 [000 [0.00] 0.00 [0.00 Exhaust ‘000 [007 [000 | 067 | 007 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [007 Fiter() ‘a0 [000 | 000 | 022 [000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Fuel conta ‘oo7 | a00 [015 | 000 [060 | o4i | 000 [007 [0.00 [0.00 Fuel iter ‘ooo | o00 [oor [000 [ooo [007 | 000 [000 | 0.45 [0.00 Fue! pump ‘0.00 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 [000 [000 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Fuel scrubberleoalescer 0.00 | 0.00 [0.15 {007 | 000 | 000 | a0 | 000 | co | 0.00 Hood 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 {000 [ooo | 000 | 000 [0.07 HP ube. 0.00 | 0.00 fa00 [000 | 000 | 000 [ooo [000 | o00 | 0.00 Tnsrumert amr 052 [0.00 | 000 [000 | 000 | 007 | a0 | 000 | 00 | 0.00 Insaumert, fow 0.15 | 000 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 007 | a0 | 200 | co | 0.00 Instument, ganeral 156 [000 | 000 {000 [oor | oor [000 [000 [oco [007 Inseument. evel 075 | 000 | 000 | 007 | oo7 | 000 | a00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Instrument, ressine +79 |-000 [0.00 [000 {oor | 007 [000 [000 | 000 {0.00 Insvument, speed 052 000 [000 | ooo {010 {000 [00 [000 | o00 | 0.00 Insvumert. temperature 309 | 0.00 [0.00 [000 | 010 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Instrument wration 056 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 007 | 000 | ooo | 000 | co | 0.00 Internal power supply 030 [0.00 | 090 | 000 | 000 [015 [000 [000 | 00 | 0.00 Monitoring 149_[ 000 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Oi 0.00 | 000 | a00 [oor | ooo {ooo [000 | 000 | 00 | 0.00 ‘ter ose [oor fois [04s | 022 | 015 [000 [oor | oor | 000 | Piping (000 [0.00 [os [13 | 000 [000 [000 [000 | 00 | 0.00 Pumg wimotor 0.00 [000 | a0 | 045 [oor [oor | 000 | 000 [000 [007 Purge ait 007 | 000 [00 [000 [000 [000 [000 [00 [000 | 0.00 Racial bean 000 [oor [ao [01s [ooo [oor [000 [000 [000 | 0.00 Reservok wheating systom ‘000 | 000 [000 [007 [000 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 [0.00 Rotor (000 [0.30 [000 | 090 | 007 | 000 | 000 | 9.00 [000 | 0.00 ‘Seals 000 | 000 | 022 [164 [000 [000 [000 | 000 [000 [0.00 Sta cova ‘000 | 0.00 [-a00 | ooo [oo2 [022 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 Start energy (baer. ai) ‘000 | 0.00 [000 | 000 [o07 [030 [000 [000 | 000 [0.00 Starting unit ‘000 | 000 [000 [01s [007 [127 | 000 [000 | 007 [0.00 Stator (0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 {000 | 0.09 | 090 | 000 [000 | 0.00 Subunit ‘007 | 007 | 000 [0.15 | 000 _[ os7 | 000 {000 [142 [0.00 Thrust bearing 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | a07 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 Unknown 253 | 015 | os2 [os [ois | 245 [ooo [007 [030 {000 Valves: 045 | 000 | 130 | .o¢ [179 | 067 [000 [022 [037 | 000 Tous 16.77 1082 | 402 [872 | 432 | 8a7 | oor [04s | 320 | 0.30 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable iternfailure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 157 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued Item: Gas Turbines - Industrial ‘OnE [OTH | PoE_| ser [sro [sip [unk [ust [vip Sum Reusing deve. ‘000_[-0.30 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.60 Airinke 060 | 14z | 168 | 104 | 007 | 000 [04s [048 | 007 | 682. Bumersfuel mies oor [oor [oor [ais | 015 | 000 [000 [007 | 0.00 [1.23 ‘Cabing &juncion boxes. oze | o4s_{oo7 [030 | 000 | 000 [007 [007 | 0.00 [197 Casing 007 [01s [007 [ors | 007 [000 [000 [0.00 | 007 [1.08 Combustion cambers e00_| 0.07| 000 [000 [000 [000 [000 [07 | 007 [0.37 Compressor rotor eos | 0.00 | 000 [000 [000 [0.00 | 000 [000 [oor [0.11 Compressor stor 011 | 0.00 [000 [000 {000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 [034 Control unit ‘oo [093 [067 [037 [007 | ooo | 015 | 067 [000 [533 Cooler(s) 030 [19 [015 [015 [000 | 000 [000 [01s [aoa [1.42 ‘000 [037 | oor [04s [oes | o00 | oor [oat [000 [309 0.90 [0.22 | 060 | 0.00 | 0.00 [70.00 [000 [0.00 [0.00 [7.04 Fuel contol 000 [015 [030 | 022 | 000 {000 | 000 [075 | 000 [2.72 Fuel ter 0.00 Toor [04s [a4 | 000 {000 [01s [030 | 0.00 [201 Fel pump 0.00 | 0.00 {000 | a00 | 000 [000 [00 [0.2 | 000 | 022 Fuel scrbbercoalescer 0.00 [0.00 [007 [a00 [000 [000 [01s [0.00 | 0.00 [0.45 Hood 007 | 089 [000 022 | oo7 | 000 | 000 [015 | 000 [156 HP ube ‘000 [0.00 000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 00 [007 | 000 [oor Insert, fare. ‘000 [0.00 [000 [oor | ooo [000 [00 [015 | 0.00 [082 Tnsrument fat ‘000 [0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 000 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 022 Instumert, general 000_[1.01_| 000 [007 [000 | 000 {0.00 [0.45 [000 [3.28 Instrument level ‘000 [0.00 [a22 [ooo {000 [000 [000 [0.00 [000 [1.12 Instrument. pressure 037 [007 030 [015 [007 | 007 | 000 [034 [000 | 332 Instument, speed ‘000 [0.00 [0.22 | 0.90 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [030 000 [1.14 Tnsiument, emperatre 022 [030 | 030 | 097 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 [026 [000 | 4.35 Instrument, vibration ‘000 [000 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [015 [oz [101 Internal powe- supoly 000 | 022 | 000 | oo7 | 0.00 [ooo [000 [007 [ooo [oz Monitoring ‘000 | 000 | oor [037 [000 | o00 [000 [0.00 [ooo [1.94 On ‘000 | 030 030 | 022 | 007 [a0 | 000 {000 [ooo [097 Otter 030 | 060-030 {142 [030 [000 [060 [01s [oz | 559 Piping ‘000_| 045 [0.00 | 045 [01s [000 [oor [on J ooo [3.73 Pump wirnoto ‘000-063 [019 | 037 | 000 | 000 [oz [ois | 00s | 227 Purge ai ‘0.00 | 0.07 000 [075 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 089 Radial bearing ‘0.00 [022 [000 | 000 | oo | 000 [oor [022 | 007 [oor Reservoir wleating system ‘090 [01s | 000 | 015 | 000 [000 | 000 [000 [0.00 | 037 Rotor ‘090 | 0.00 [000 | 007 | oor | 000 [000 [0.00 [0.00 | 082 Seals ‘0.00 | 0.00 [000 [a0 | 000 [0.00 [007 [0.00 | 0.00 [1.94 ‘Stat conta ‘o.00 {0.00 | 000 [000 {0.00 | 0.00 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 [025 ‘Start energy Battery. 2) ‘000 | 015 [022 [007 | 007 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 089. Starting unt ‘0.00 [030 [ooo [01s | 000 | 000 [015 [0.00 [0.00 | 2:16 ‘State 000.00 [000 [000 | oo7 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 007 ‘Subuoit 015 | ose [030 [067 [000 | ooo | 000 [030 [oz2 [5.14 Thrust bearing 007 | 0.00 [000 [000 [ooo | 000 | 000 [oor [000 [oz Unknown eco [if o4s [201 [022 | oo | 030 [261 [02 [15.28 Valves 037 [14 | o37_[o75 [015 | 000 | 067 [48 [000 | 999 oval 358 | 1364 | 745 | 1140 | 261 | oo7 [320 [917 [134 | 1000 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable itemfailure mode combination. @OREDAOREDA-2002 158 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, to be continued tem: Gas Turbines - Industrial aR [ero [er [ev [ero [ris [Ho Ti [100 [nor Blockagelpiugged 030 [000 [000 [ois [007 [015 [000 [000 [052 [0.00 Breakage 060 [ors [01s [007 | 0.00 [022 [000 [000 [000 | 0.00 Burst 0.00 [0.00 [007 [000 | 0.00 {0.00 [000 [000 [000 | 0.00 Caviation 0.00 [0.00 | 000 | 045 | 0.00 {000 [000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 Clearancel aigntent aitre 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 000 {000 {0.00 [000 | 000 | 00 | 0.00 Combines causes. (0.00 [000 [007 [000 | 0.07 | a.00 [000 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 Contamination 007 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 | oo7 | 000 | 000 | as2_| 000 (Convo! faiure 030 | 0.00 | 000 | 007 | 052 | 067 | oo7 | 000 | 030 | 0.00 Corrosion, 45 {0.00 [030 [ois [022 [000 [000 [007 [000 | 0.00 Deformaton 0.00 | 000 [015 | 052 | 007 | oo7 | ooo | 000 | coo | 007 Ezntisoation faut 1015 | 000 [000 | 000 [0.00 [015 [000 [000 | 00 | 0.00 Electrical faire goneral 104 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 075 | 089 | 00 | 000 | 015 | 0.00 Erosion oor 000 fois fo30 J 000 [000 [000 [000 | 00 [0.00 External infuence general 0.07 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | a00 [000 [045 | 0.00 Fanque 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [aco [000 | 00 | 0.00 Feuty powerlvokage oor | 0.00 {0.00 | a00 | 0.00 [000 [00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 Faulty signaVindcation/alarn 455 | 000 [000 [015 {030 [060 [000 [000 [000 [0.00 Inseumentfalire - general 300-007 | 000 [ooo [030 [075 [000 [007 [000 [0.00 Leakage ‘007 | 000 | 037 | 293 [oor | 037 | 000 [015 | 0.00 [0.00 Looseness ‘oor | 000 [022 [022 [00 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [70.00 Material fae - general 015 _| 000 | os2 [1.27 [007 | 007 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [70.00 Mechanical allure - general 015 | 060 | 1.27 | 142 [089 _| 2.31 | 000 | 007 | os | oo7 Misc. extemal infuences 045 | 000 | 097 | 0.15 {030 | 007 | 000 | 000 | 0.15 | 0.00 Miscellaneous - general ‘0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 007 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 No cause found ‘022 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 {0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 No power votage ‘022 | 000 | 0.00 [0.00 [0070.15 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [70.00 No signaVindicatonalorm ‘037 | 000 | 000 [000 {000 [0.07 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 ‘Open cut ‘022 {0.00 [000 [0.00 [007 [0.07 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 ‘Other 015 {000 [oor [0.00 T0.00_[0.22 J -0.00 J 0.00 [0.07 [007 Out of adustment 216 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 022 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 ‘Overheating ‘015 | 000 [000 [007 [0.00 {022 | 000 [000 [0.00 [0.00 ‘Short crcuiing 0.15 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.07 000 | 000 | 000 | 007 | 0.00 ‘Software falure 0.00 {0.00 [0.00 [0.00 {o00_|'015 [000 [000 [0.00 _{ 0.00 ‘Sweking ‘007 | 000 | 000 | 000 [015 [015 | 000 | 07 | 000 | 0.00 Unknown ‘030 | 000 [015 [007 [015 [089 | 000 [000 | 030 {0.00 Vexation ‘0.09 | 000 [000 |-o.00 [007 [0.15 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Wear 037 | 000 | 0.15 | 082 {| o07 | 0.07 | 000 | 000 | 0.15 | oo7 Tota 1677 | os? [402 | 872 | 432 | ea7 {oor [o4s | 320 | 030 ‘The figures are percentages of the total falure rate for the actual failure descriptorfailure mode combination. ‘© OREDAOREDA-2002 169 OREDA-2002 Fallure descriptior versus failure mode, continued Item: Gas Turbines - Industrial ‘OnE [ore [PoE [see _[sto_[ sve [unk [ost [vie [Sum Blockagelpugged 0.15 | 045 [134 [067 [015 | 000 | 000 | 060 [000 [455 Breakage 0.15 052 [000 | 060 | 060 | 000 | oor | oz [oo [343 Bust 000 [000 [000 [000 | ze [-000 | 00 | 000 [0900.30 Cavitation 200 [007 [000 [007 | 07 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 090 [087 Cleararcol aicament aie ‘007 [oar | 009 | 000 | eo | 000 | 000 | 000 [01s ['0.30 Combi casas ‘0.00[-0.00 [000 | 060 [000 | 000 | 000 | 022 [000 [037 Containaion ‘037 [030 [155 [022 [000 | 000 [04s [0.15 [000 [3.73 [Conroe oor tors [04s [ors | oor | ooo [oar | oes [000 [4:10 Corrosion ooo [037 | 00 [o4s [007 | ooo [oar | ood | 000 | 246 Delormaton oo7 [oor | 0 | 00 | ow | coo [ooo {ooo | 000 | 1.04 Enriisoiatonfout ‘oo? 045 | 0.15 | 007 | 000 | 00 | 000 | 000 | ooo [04 Eleva fale - oneal 01s [097 | oor | 164 | 000 [ooo [ois | 082 [000 [6.33 Erosion ‘007 | 000 [000 | 007 | 000 | 000 [oor [oor [000 [082 External infivence general 15 [oa [037 1097 | 000 | oo0 | 00 [aor | 0.00 [298 Fatigue 000 [000 | 000 [007 [01s | 000 | 000 | 000 [007 [0.30 Favty powerrotage ‘0.00_[-007 | 000 | 000 | 000 000 | 000 | 007 [000 [022 Fury sigalincicatnatorn 045_| 104 [0.15 | 007 | 000 | 000 {000 [052 [01s [797 Trsrumert flue generl 007 | os7 [os [075 | 000 | 000 | 000 [0.75 [0.00 [3.20 Leakage oor [oz [01s [045 [000 | 000 [0.15 [007 | 000 [4.90 Loosen 200 [022 [oo [015 | ooo | 000 | 000 [aor | or [104 Merl faire - general oor [oa | oor [oze | oz [oo | ors [oor foo | 358 Mechanical Faure - general ae [209 | ose | 209 | 60 | ooo | 8a | 112 [022 | 1565 Misc. extralininces osr_[ os? oz [067 | 00 | 00 [000 | aer_| oor_| 417 Miscelaneous- general ooo [007 | ooo [022 | 000 | oo [000 | oo | 000 | 037 No cause fourd oor [oor 000 [a0 [om | oo7 [oo [030 [015 [099 No power volage 0 | 000 | 000 [00 [000 | ooo [ooo | oo | 000 [04s No signaindcatonai ‘00 [007 [015 [015 | 000 | 000 | 009 | 000 | 000 [002 Open cout ‘00 015 | 060 | 000 | 000 | 000 000 [015 [000 [087 Other 007 [119 [007 [022 | 000 000 [000 [007 [000 [224 Ou fasten oor [oss |o67 [022 | oor | oo | ooo [07s | 000 [462 Overeating 01s [007 [oze {000 | 0 | 000 | oo [037 | 000 [127 Shor criti ‘a00_| 022 | 000 | 000 | 000 | a00 | 000 | 000 [000 [052 Softwar fale ‘200 | 000 | 000 | 000-000 | 00 | 000 | 000 [000 [0.15 Stcking 000 | 007 | 000 | 022 | 000 | 000 | 000 [oor | 000 [oa Unioorn 00 [067 [ose [oz | oo | ooo os [ost [ois {417 Vitzaion 000 [oor [oor [01s | cor] 060 | 000 [#2 | 000 [142 Weer ‘0.00 [0.30 | 000 | 060 [020 [000 | 01s | 0.15 [0.15 [3.36 Tal 350 | 1364] 145_| 1.40 [261 [oor | 320 [917 [134 | 1000 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorifailure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 160. OREDA-2002 [Taxonomy no em 1221 Machinory [Gas Turines Indust (-1000) kW Population | Installations ‘Ragregated timo in service (106 hours) No of demands 4 1 Calendar time ™ Operational time * 10 0.0650 0.0651 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Retive [__ Repair (manhours) taltwres| Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | ah _| ropes [Min [ Mean | Max Critical 13'] 11829) 200.02] 317.98] 200.02) 200.02] aa 7 7 131 199.73] 317.51) 199.73, 199.23 Falto stat on demand 4 61.55] 140.86] 61.55] 61.55] z 41] 209i] 6146] 14066] 61.46) 61.65 Fal o stop on demand rv} a7} 1539] 73.07] 15.233] 15:9] | ui} a7] 1536 ©7290] 15.38) 15:36 Spurious sop a'| 61.24] 12309] 222,10] 123.09) 123.09) | | at] 61.15] 122.91] 221.78] 12290] 122.1 Degraded 1s'| 14225] 230.80) 355.35] 230.80) 230.80) | 4 5 1st] 14204) 23046) 35482] 220.46) 230.46) Erratic ouput tr] a7} 15391 7301] 15.39] 15.39 z at} a7 1536 © 7290] 15.36) 15.36 External leakage - Fuel y| a7} 1529] 73.00] 15.39] 1539] zl uf} 077} 1536] ©7290] 15.36) 15.36 Exernalfeakage-Utity medium] "| 40.24) © 92.32) 182.18) 92.32] 92.221 z st] 40.18] 92.18 181.91] 9216] 2. eternal leakage v| om} 1539] 7301] 158.39] 15:39] J 4 7 ur} 077} 1536] 7290] 15.36) 15:36 Other 5| 3031] 7633] 161.79] 7693] 76.93 | st} 30.27] 76.2] 161.55] 76.82] 76.82 Overheating | om} 1539 © 7301) 15.39] 15.39 uf} on} 15.26] 72.90] 15.36] 1536 Incipient 16] 154.40) 246-18) © 373.88) 246.18] 246.18) 10) : tet] 15417] 245.82] 373.33) 245.82] 245-22 Abnormal instrument reading 4| 2100) 61.55] 140.86) 61.55) 61.55 | 4 7 at] 20.97] 61.46] 140.66) 61.46) 61.45 Exernalieakage -Utiay medium] —2"| 5.463077) 96.86) 30.77) 30.7] le at] 545] 30.73] 98.72) 3073) 30.73 Mino in-service problems g| 7224] 138.48] 247.65) | 13848) 138.49 | st] 72.13] 138.27] 241.28) 13827) 138227 ioraon 1] 077] 15.39] 73.01) 15.39) 15,39] 7 z ui] 077) 15:36 ©7290) 15.36) 15:36} Al modes 4] s1e3i| 677.01] 870.45] 677.01) 677.01] 10] z z aat|_ 517.54] 676.01] _969.17| 676.01, 676.01 [Comments (On demand probabity for consequence class: Ciicl and falure mode: Fail to start on demand » 40. 10.2 ‘© OREDAOREDA-2002 161 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 222 Mectinery (Gas Turtines Industral (1000-3000) Population | Installations | ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) No of demands 4 2 Calendar time ™ ‘Operational time ® 740 0.1337 0.0342 Faiture mode Not Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Rative [__ Repair (manhours) atures | Lower | Moan | Upper [| SD [i | ropes | Win | Mean | Max Critical 2.00) 268.63) 915.73/ 337.01] 157.06] 13.0) 20] zz] 630) 113.28] 1396.44) 3927.00] 1293.19) 613.22| Fad to sat on mend 444 62.78] 180.36) 59.43] 44.86] 9.2] 40/150] 32 652} 848.34) 2876.11] 1057.72) 175.23 rameter devin 016] 4037] 15415] 56.80] 22-44] 138] 60] 252] 420 3t} 12.02] 8347] 20863] 6420) 87.62 Spurious siop 1} oa6] 15921] 56993] 21058) aa75] 148] 20/259] 83.0 rat} 63.83] 4551] 1146.19]. 353.84) 350.47 Degraded ae] 155) 396.86] 1523.38) $61.06] 200.42] as 20/124 40.0 zat} ss6.ai] 79273] 1062.90] 15454) 817-76 Extomalleakege - Fuel +] 005] 11.85] 438e] 16.19] 748] 40] 40] 40] it] 1.62] 283i} 85.53) zazi} 29.21 Exemalleakage-Utlty medio] "| 0.05) 11.85 4384) 16.19] 7.48 7 at] 1.02] 283i} 85.53) zazi 29.21 Low output | 02a 5483] 208.99] 77.00) aga] 48} 60] 170] 300 41] 15.10 10968} 276.60] #5461) 116.82 Otver 1} 005] 11.85] 4384] v6.1] 7.48] 8.0} 160] 160] 16) 11] 1902] ze.3i] asa] azi] 2921 Overheating 1] os} 11.85) 43.84) 16.19 74a! 200] 400T 400) 4000 11] 1.02] 283i] 853] 2920] 2921] Parameter deviation 17'| oq 240.00) 921.03) 339.22) 127.15] 7.3] 20) 105) 400) vit} 35.95} 405.17] 1121.28] 363.83) 496.50 ruc ceficency z| on] 26m] sai} 3657] 1496] 60] 40) Go) 2] asi} 565i] 13984] 4280) saan Meraon 1} 005] 17.85] 4384] 16.19] 748] 60} 120] 120] 120 11] 1.02] 231] 85.53] 2921] 2921 Incipient s6'| 99.03] 543.43} 1201.52) 300.78 92] 10, 154) 750) set] 66.89] 11658.49| 41328.83| 15266.15] 1635.51 Abnormal instrument reading 23'| 10261] 185.52] 288.28 57.08] 17202} 11.2) 1.0} 186] 750 23t] 28.76} 5945.86] 2175991] 9038.94) 671.73 Exernalleokage-Utity medum| —5'| 5.18) 32.13) 78.19] 23.70] 3740) © 40] 3.0) 68] 00) st] 7.84) 2069.26] 7964.16] 2935.56) 146.03 Minor inservice problems 21'| 402] 249.94] 786.60] 281.47] 15706] 94) 20] 164) 620 an] 6.28} 2298.59] 7123.18] 2ssz4g) 613.22 Otter s| 637 47.65) 12098] 37.52 37.40} 45] 1.0] 58100 st| 5.25] 841.52] 294.39) 1085.64] 148.03 Sucre deficiency 1} 005] 11.85} 4384] t6.19] 7.48 11] 1.02 2esi} 553] 292i] 292i ration rox} 6a] 21.3] 748] 748} ©3060] Bo] si] 132] sore} 156274) sree] 29.21 [Comments (cont) @OREDAOREDA-2002 162 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no. Item 12.22 Machinery Gas Turbines Industriat (1000-3000)KW Population | Installations “Aggregated time in service (106 hours) No of demands 4 2 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 140, 0.1337 0.0342 Failure mode No of jure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Active [Repair (manhours) taitures| Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | nit _| rop.tes | Win | Mean | Max Al modes 10s} 3329] 1217.61] 3716.70] 1201.54] 78532] 9.9} 10/161] 3.0 105t| 151.48] 13580.82} 44092.20] 16031.31] 3066.59] [Comments On demand probably lor consequence class: Crtical end falure modo: Fa to start on demand = 8.1. 10-3. © OREDAOREDA-2002 163 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no eer 1223 Machinery Gas Turines Insti 2100-10000) Population | installations ‘Aggregated time in service (108 hours) No of demands 2 1 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 2604 0.5050 4gi0 Faure node Woof re ate (per 106 hours) Ttive [Repair (manhours) taures [Lower [Mean [ Upper | SD | a/t_| rep.hrs | Min [ Mean | Max ericat ae" 2266] 235.25) 640.55] _zoezil 21157] soa] 1.0) ssa} 10240] rast| 36.13] 365.72] 980.40] 317.90) 260.87 Breskeown s'| 00s} 1047] 39.20] 1447] 992] 1195] 100] 23} 2290) er] or rao} 3862] 1430) 1222 rate opt s| oro) 497] 1543] 5.47] 496) © 40] 30] ba] 130 at] 07] 615} 1584] age] sr External teokage Fuel z| 007] 568] 1820] 5a] 496) 95] 70) as] 120 at} oo} 122] 5022] 1905] Exernalieakage Uity medium] "| 0.00] 5.20) 2405] 9.69) 185 sof ao] 8) it} ooo] S67] 2654] 1079] 2.4 Fatwa sian on derand ss] 410) 10443] 31464] 10683] 9587] 4a7] 10] 537] srt set] 903} 16607] 493.2] 16425) r18.12 Internat eakoge +] 095) 1.77] 537] 1.88) 165) 120] 120] 20} 20 at] 00 4542167] aan] 204 Low output z] on] aso] aor) 234) 3.31] 4a] 20] as} 150 2] oo] 61a] 2263) 836) 407 omer z| ooo) 382] 16.35] 632] 33 go} 90] 0) 2] 00x] 6.14) 2260) 838) 407 verneting z| ooo] 3.8] 1656) 6.42] 331] 165] 20] 175] 330) 2] oo) 461] 18.10) 6.23) 407 : Parameter deviton r| 003] 179] 568} 204 ~— 185] 520) 1040] 1040] 1040 ui} or} za} 621] 204120 Spurious sop aa 457| ergo] 242.60) 0.74] 72.73] 619] 20] 778) 10240) aut] 950] 123.08] a48.47| 11479) 898 Sour dee 1] 00x] 1.76] S68] 2.04) 185] 0] 120] 120] 120 rt] ar} zag} zi} zoe] 204 Unknown z| 00 302] 1263] 483] 331] 680} a0] sao] sa 2] oor] 3.76] 1505 564] 407 Vitxaton Z| 00) 3.85) 1656] G42] 331] 780] 480] 1120) 1760) 2 oo 465i} e10] 673] 407 Degrades 15s] 7906] 256.05] 516.42] 13725] 25620] 220] 10/254) 2240) sst/ 103.27] 359.05) 741.05] 201.45) 315.66 Apso samen roading | 04 01a] 37.79] 1395] 1488 © sa 10] tos] a st] oz} 134 229] 15:13] 1833 Ease ouput a} 430) 710) 95.17] 2860] 3967] sa 10] 123] as zai] 172] 5229) ts844] 5442} 40.0] Enteral leakage Fuel zz} reo) 3722 7237| 1872 3636] © 175 30] 76] 0) zi] 6.23) 63.16) 170.78] 5470] 44.00) Exemalleakage ity mecum] 18'| 1.11] 31.80) 96.15] 3280] 2975 sas] 20] 328] 1550) sei] 383] 4200) __s1571] 37.46] _ 36.6] Comments (cont) @OREDAOREDA- 2002 164 OREDA-2002 [Taxonomy no Item 1.223 Machinery Gas Turbines Industiat (3000-10000)KW Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) No of demands Ed 7 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 2604 | 0.6050 0.4910 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Active [__ Repair (manhours) {eilures | Lower | Mean | Upper | SD | n/t | rep.tws | Min | Mean | Ma igh output rT oo] = 14a] gaa] 1.65] = Bo BO] 8 80 it} 002} 1.77] 5.64) 2.04) 2.04) Internat leakage rv] 012} 4.74 5.01] 1.65) 1.65] 22.0) 220) 22.0) 22.0 1] orm} 21] Gazi] 2042.04) Low outpt 23'| 0.17] 39.93] 150.97] $5.68] 38.02} 30.0] 1.0) 22.3) 99.0 zat] 0.19] 45.74) 173.18) 63.86) 46.84] Minor in-service problems z] oor} 1273 53.35] 20.42) 3.31 80) 80} 8 21} 000] 1347] 58.99} 23.05) 4.07] Noise vr} on} 1.74 5.01] 1.65] 1.65} 230] 23.0) 230) at] oof 2231.19} 4.79) 2.04 Oxner 2] 0.34) 37.61] 124.85] 45.71] 33.05) 31.8] 1.0] 34.6) 1060) 201} 1.57] 53.30) 162.19] $6.11) 40.73} ‘Overheating +] 000) 7.08] 30.33] 17.76 6.61 | 120) 277] 450) at] 0.00} 12.221 $5.34) 2201] 8.15) Parameter deviation rT} 376 «11.76 23.38) 6.16 11.87] 78] 20] 194) 550 Tt] 334) 15.71 35.62) 10.35] 14.26) Structural deficiency 6] 043} 843] 25.19) Bao], 982] 200) 120) 12.0) 120 6t] 016} 10.52| 33.28) 11.95] 12.221 Unknown 13] 001] 19.24) e410] 32.82} 21.49] 44.8) 20] 448) 1160 13t} 001] 23.18} 100.98] 39.31] 26.47] Vibration +] 040} 680] 20.04) «6.66 G61] 420) 120] 80.0) 224.0 at] 009} 897] 29.39) 10.72) 8.15) Incipient 2g1*| 136.73| 457.78] 932.62| 250.91] 481.00) 16.5] 1.0] 22.6] 15199 2o1t| 156.56) 709.82] 1591.76] 458.91] 592.62| Abnormal instrument reading gi] 60.35 143.74) 256.05} 60.74) 150.42] 661.0) 9] 650 git] 71.46] 212.12) 413.36] 107.11) 185.32 Erratic output es] 0st} sof 26.57] B84 992] 12.5] 40) 12.5) 28.0 st} 131) 1.34 29.58) 9.29) 12.22] Exteral leakage - Fuel 16'| 0.00) 24.51] 115.29) 47.02} 26.45] 130] 20) 131) 320} 16t] 0.00 29.24] 13906) 57.05] 32.58] [Extemal leakage - Unity medium] 33"! 11.48) 57.95] 133.88] 39.33] 64.55| 125] 20) 146) 61.0 3at] 8.75] 93:80] 257.05] 83.02} 67.20} Failto start on demand 1] 003] 1.79] 5.68] 2.04) 1.85] = 4.0) 80] 80} ad i] 07] 2.19] 6.21] 2.04) 2.04 Internal leakage Z| 000) 389] 18.20] 7.40} 3.31 49] 20) 40) 60 2} 0.00} 10.62} 48.81} 19.57] 4.07] Minor inservice problems. 35'| 2.12 66.80] 20268) 69.79} 57.85] 7.4) 1.0] 138) 66.0 3st] 241 145.02) 455,32) | 162.66] 71.28 Other 2s] 443} 40.97] 108.72) 34.51] 39.67] 65.9] 1.0] 1106] 15190} zat] asa) 54.92) 134.69] 41.02] __ 48.86] [Comments {cont} @OREDAOREDA-2002 165 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no hem 223 Machinery Gas Turbines Indust 3000-10000} Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time inservice (106 hours) Wo of demands 2 7 Calendar time* ‘Operational ime T 2604 06060 0.4810 ihre mode No of Faure rate (per 108 hours). ‘Rave | __ Repair (manhours) atures Lower [ Mean | Upper | SO [af rep.hrs | Win | Mean | Max [Overeating wo] 43q] 1455] 308i] 837) 16.53) a6] 40] seal 1590 roi] 706 1909] 3580) 900) 2035 Parameter deviaton 35'| ooo] 55.73] 267.58] 11019) 5785] 4g} 10176] | 2150 3st] 000) 6528] 32022) 13459] T1249 | Srucral detiercy wo] 092] 1565) 46.05) 1530) 1653) 22.3] 1.0] 366] 13409) roi] 039] 2003] 6219) | 2203) 2036) Untrown ar} oi} 3629) 15755 612i 4463] 247} 50] 247] 2220) zn} 002} 4285} 19602] 72.27) sa ization ¥] oo} 1.8¢] 639] 235] 165 | 40} aoa it} 000] 3.29] 15.28] G12. Unknown +] 0.00) 520) 2405) 968) 1.85 | 20/20} 29 st} 0.00) 567] 2654) 1079) 2.04 Abnormal insturent reading ¥] 000] 5.20) 2405] gf | 20) 20 20) 1] 000] 567] 2654) 10.79 204 A modes s75'| 2099] 94462 192723] 19.1) 95043] 255] 1.0] 322] 15190) s7st|_ 35261] 1445.23] 3145.80] _ 989.13|_ 1170.98 [Comments on demand probabity for consequence class: Ctcal and falure mode: Falto start on demand = 1.3. 10-2, © OREDAOREDA-2002 166 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 1224 Mactinery Gas Turines Indust (10000-20000) Population | Installations ‘Agoregated time inservice (106 hours) No of demands 10 5 Calendar time * ‘Operational ie T 488 02227 2121 Failure mode No of Faure rate (per 106 hours). ‘ative |__ Repair (manhours) tatures| Lower | Mean | Upper | SD_[_n/t_| repws | Win_[ Mean [Max Critical ar") 20808) 4640] 765.58) 17448) 30087 ©2610] M12] 11139) ant] zest] 47258] 79792] 17790) 410.14 Anema nstument reading Z| oo4 947] 35.24) 1301] 899) 405] 310] 970) 630) at] o94f 10.22] 39.19) 144d) 9.43 Breakdown | 005] 141] $7.42) td) 17.98) 708) 1320] 147.3] 1505] ai] 006] 15463) 60.19] 22.18) 18.86 Erratic output s| 461] 2222] 50.72] 14.79) 2245) © 209] 17.0 57.8) 930 st} 407] 2361] 86.45] 1692) 23.57] External leakage - Fuel 4+] — ong} 4358} 163.65] 60.39 17.96) 110.1] G2|a7B4) 11130) at] ona} 446] 167.78} 61.85] 18.85 External leakage -Utity mecum} 6" 7.49|-« 26.38) 5469] 149i] 2694] 19.3 90] 38.8 920 st] 720i} 2793] 60.23] 1694) 28.29 Falta start on demand ae] 55.32] 13323 238.41! 86.84) 116.75] 142) 10] 400} 1760 ast] 57.02) 143.31] 261.33] 63.57) 12257] Ieeral leakage | oor} 410} 16.28] Ge] 4.49) 171.5) 343.0] 343.0) 3430 : at} oon} 433, 17.03) 634] a7 Low ouput s| 8.49} 2202) 40.70 1004) © 22.48) 14.7] 20] 28.4) BA st] 903] 2327] 427) 1054 23.57 omer 3) 37] 1352) 2831] 7.78) 13.47) 24a] 20] 48.3150 si] 400) 14.31] 2983] arr] 14. Overeating 2] 09} 13.36] 46.05) 18.98 © 898) aa] 40) 155] 270) ai} on 140) 47.9] 17.3449. Parameter deviation ar} 548] 6200) 17.71] 55.73] 49.39] 243] 10] 48.0] 2490 ait] 623) 65.03] 177.24) 57.09) 51.86) ‘Spurious stop ie} 2174 7564) 156.16 42.46) 71.85] 145/10} 229] 1160) rst] 2597} 79.10] 15567] 40.70] 75.43] Structural deficiency | 001} 410} 16.28) 608) 4.49] 2040) 408.0] 4080} 4080 it] o0y 433) 17.03) 34h aa} Vibration v] oor} 41s] 16.89) 3a] 4. 7 z 5 ai} oon} 434) 1712) 638) art Degraded 66°] 9:32] 247.13] $76.44] 153.15] 296.37] 386) 1.0 67.0] 93900 eet} 6.82] 312.74) 653.01) 179.05) 311.14 Abnormal instrument reading 3] 01a] 198] 39.49) 1443) 13.47 | st} 025 1258] © 3903) 138i) 14.14 External leakage - Fuel 2| om] aaa] 23.43] 763] 898 30], 60] Go} zi} 0.83] 8224.13) 7.79) 9.43 External leakage Utity mecium] 13" 1249] 60.33] 137-92] 40.24] 58.38] © 93.4] 6.0] | 136.8) 9390 vat] 103] 66.00) 161.84) 49.28) 61.28 Otter 2st} 3252) 12080] 28396] 70.13] 112.26] 47.3] 100] 65.1) 35400 2st] 2790) 13326 303.33] 98.32] _117.86| [Comments (cont) ‘© OREDAOREDA-2002 167, OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Item 1.224 Machinery Gas Turbines. Incustiak (10000.20000)KW Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) (No of demands. 10 5 Calendar time * Operational time * 488 0.2227 2121 Failure mode. Wo of Failure rate (per 108 hours). ‘Retive [Repair (manhours) failures | Lower [ Mean | Upper | SD | n/t _| reps | Min [ Mean | Max [Overheating | i] o4ef 59.78) 203.10 73.85] 76.34, = 20720] a7] 1100) rit] 055] 63.34) 211.31] 77.46] 80.14 Parameter devition s*| 1.62} 2212) 63.81} 21.05 2245) 108] 1.0) 21.2) 76. St] 1.24 23.75) 70.81] 23.61) 23.87] Structural dfcioncy 1] ooo} 4.73 22.32) 9.12149] 23.0) 46.0] 480] 46.0 1H] ooo} 5.11] 242i} 9.92) 41 Incipient 163°| 274.88) 700.62] 1285.21] 314.53] 731.94) 24.6) 1.0] 43-4] 963.0 163t| 271.05) 767.27] 1468.71] 374.63] 768.42 Abnormal instrument reading 49'| 91.38] 215.54) 382.33] 90.29) 220.03} ra] 10/149) 4300 4gt| 90.48] 230.31] 422.23) 103.27) 231.09] Erratic output S| aor} 17.68] 75.26) 29.03] 22.45 56] 20} 112) 180 st] 007] 18.68] 78.95) 30.35) 23.57 External eakage Unity mecium] | 7.39) 35.68) 81.42] 23.75 404i] 23.51 40) 47.0) 1020 st] 79 37.70 83.25) 23.5] 42.43 Mino in-service problems 4g'| 31.35] 24252) 619.7] 19282] 20658] 53.3] 20] 676) 9630) et] 31.10] 276.17] 125.54] 228.89] 716.85] Noise tr] oor] 410} 16.28] 6.08) 4.49] 60] 120] 120) 120 it} oor 433] 1703] 63a) a7 ter a8'| 251] 13853] 43238] 153.78] 17064) 30.2] 10) 57.7} 4020 set 297] 148.55] 460,84] 163.06] 179.14) Overheating 4] 05] 1481] 57.42 21.24 17.96] 249) 95 49.5| 1650 ai} 0.06 15:65 60.19] 22.18) 18.86 Parameter deviation a] 375] 3433] 9088] 28.1] 3592} 9.4] 20) 238] 00 st} 3.85] 36.73] © 98.20] 31.30) 37.71 Scuctura decency z| o3i} 1134) 3459] 1201] 898] 230] 100] a0) a0 2} 01s] 13.20] 42.68] 15.49) 8.43 Vieation 1} oor} 4.10 16.28 4.g| 7 A at] aor] 433] 17.09} an Unknown 4] oe] 15.58) 50.93] 196] 35] 70] 70] 70 at] 0.23) 16.29] $1.71 18.86| | Abnermalinsrument reading | 038} 1213] 36,82 w347] ast 70] 70] 7.) at} 0.63] 1273] 38.14 14.4 Viration | coi} 4.15] 16.89 44g | | a} oof 434 17.12 an Al modes 320") 903.70] 1454.99] 2112.76] 37043] 1436.94 297/10] S60] 1113.0) s2or| sea4s] 1580.48] 2439.97] 78.14] 1508.55| [Comments On demand proxeblty for consequence class: Criteal an fallure mode: Flo start on demand = 2.7. 10-2 @OREDAOREDA-2002 168 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item 1225 Machinery Gas Turbines Indust 20000-40000): Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) To of demands 5 2 Calendar tine ™ ‘Operational tine F 300 01543 00283 Faire mode Woof lure rate (per 106 hours). ‘Rave |__ Repair (manhours) faiures [Tower | Mean [ Upper | SD [nh rep.ws |Win | Mean | Max Critical ee] 7399) 960.11] 2971.80) tosaa6) s70.33| 338] 1065.8] 0070) t| 11089] 111820] 3026.02] 971.08) 995.20 Breakdown + oos} 1497] 4601] 1654) 6.48) 9.0] 180] 180} at] on} 1263} at30} 1505) 10:17 Eratic ouput s| 026] cor] 265.46) 9762 324] 49) 10/74] st] 03i} 73.20] 275.13) 101s] 5087 Extemat leakage -Fuel x] 142] 286s] a594) 2872, 19.44) 132) 20/253) so) at| 97) 3290 rar] tag) 0s Exernalteakage-Uity medum| 3" 0.15) 4049) 18587| 5746 19.44 3.) 20/77] 119 ar] 02 420] 15861] sae) a0 Fatto stat on demand ze] 7561] 179.28] | 31871) 75.45] 15555] 204] 10) 97] 220 zai] 7046) 246.34] 33363] 4984) 244.17 Low output z| 125] 1548] 43.56] 1424 ©1296) © 9) 110] tas] 140) a} aid zi] aaa] 1439) 2035 Parameter deviation Z| 03a] th2} 3429] 1186) 1296] 113] 220] 22s] 23) 21) 275) 1880] 4683) 1439) 20.35 Spurious stop 4a'| 351] s4a93] 1975.5] 70504 z7g69] 105] 10] 18s] 100) ast] 6.17] 603.03] 1975.34) 72045) 437.48) Saveral dtclency | 14a] 2869] 5.94] 28.72) 1944] 5075] 140] 10152] 3000) st] a7] 3290) ox.17] 1810) 30382 Viraton z] oe] 11.27] 3429] 11.88) 12.96) a2.) 220] 1645) 70) zi] 275} 1880] 4683] 14.39) 2035) Degraded es] a4a5] 67473] 1955.60] 646.38] 427.75] 15:1] 1.0] 286) 2580) sot] 14422} 79880] 1887-46) s61.4¢) e714 Abnormal sumer easing v] or] 589) 18.29) gas). ut} or 933} a9] tos t0.17 Enatc ouput s| 49x] 7943} 23242] 7708] ses] 2a} 20] zeal 720) at} 1995] 292] 21001] 6087] 81.39) Exerma jeakage - Fuel +] 005] 1197] 4601] 16.94) G8 11] 013] 1263) 130) 1505) 10.17 Examalleskage -Uity medium] 14°] 19.61] 12269] 29932] 9086] 90.73] 162] 30] 324] as wat] ator} 149.45) 23400) zai] 14243 Low output 1] 087} 86.4] oro] 11137] 4537] 276] © 20] 582] 2240 ni] rz} 9531 30568] ros) 71.22 otter s| 355] 452) 12860] 4210] 5833] 28a} a} seal 2550) si] ogi} 7391] 237.79] 86.13) 9156 Overneaing e| 962] 4888) 11310] 3326 388s] 138) so} ars} 620) si] 2222] 6414] 12368] 3174 61.04 Parameter deviation w| 075] vaa2o} 52053] 19234 7129] 4a] 1087] ri} 196.17] 53470] 19694) 111.97 (Comments {cont © OREDAOREDA-2002 169 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item 1.225 Mactinery Gas Turbines Industrial (20000-40000) Population ‘Aggregated time in service (106 hours) 5 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 0.1843 0.0983 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 106 hours). ‘ative (manhours) faitures| Lower | Mean | Upper [ SD | nit _| reptrs Max Sruciural deficiency S| 043] 11.79 agai! 158.34 51.85] 74 37.9 st} 0.49] 118.63] 449.70) 165.81] 81.39] Viation 1| oat] 5.89) 18.29] 6.48) 648] 17.5) 350) at] 012} 9.33) 29.94) 10.83) 10.17] Incl 41*] 272.61] 1207.06 2687.59] 770.93] 913.83 13.0| 388.0] 14it| 88.27] 1527.81) | 2308.09) 435.82) 1434.52] Abnormal instrument reading 39°] 35.49] 379.75] 1040.39) 335.97] 252.76) 82 no} 39t| 119.00] 456.04) —972.03| 270.73) 396.78) Erratic ouput r| an} 58s) 18.29] 6.48, Ba] 115] 230) it] on2] 9.33) 9.94] 10.83) 10.17] Externalleakage - Unity medium} = 6"} 17.71) 4067} 71.28) 1661] 38.89] 16.7) a10| 6t| 2657] 67.01] 106.94] 24.92) 61.04) Minor in-service problems 40°] 498] 476.56) 1557.41) 567.58) 25924) 126 388.0 4ot} 17.05] 534.55] 1621.55) 558.10} 406.95] Noise 2} 033] zi] 34.29] 1.86] 12.96] 56.5] 2085| 2] 2.75] 1880, 46.83) 14.39] 20.35} Other s0'| 125.27] 286.55] 501.47) 11664) 324.05] 142 12709 sot] 64.98) 435.64) 1080.42) 331.11] 506.69 (Overheating 1] 005] 11.97] 46.01] 1694) 6.48) | at} 3] 12.63) 41,30) 15.05) 10.17] Vibration 2] Wz] 34.29] 11.86] 12.96] 24.5} 57.9] at 18.80] 4683) 14.30) 20.35} Unknown a oz] 4154] 11.23] 19.44) 7] 140) 31 30.50) 64.03) 17.62] 30.52} External leakage - Fuel 1 589) 18.23) 6.48) (6.48) 4. 84 Wt 9.33] 29.94] 10.83] 10.17] Other 1 5.89] 18.23] 6.48) 6.48 709 140| W 933] 29.94) 10.83] 10.17] Unknown iu igi} 46.01] 16.94) 6.48} 8.0 Ey 1] 1263] 41.30] 15.08] 10.17 A modes 298°} 295.09] 2984.92] 7754.12] 2479.29) 1931.35) 19.4 3001.0] 2get| 960.99] 3494.44) 7318.44] 2010.94) 3031.81 [Comments On demand probability for consequence cass: Cical and falure made: Failto start on demand = 7.0. 10-2 © OREDAOREDA-2002 170 OREDA-2002 Pumps Inventory description The boundary applies both to general service- and fire pumps, as shown in Figure 12. The Pump system is further subdivided in Subunits and Maintainable Items as shown in Table 7. Pump driver (e.g. el.motor) is not included. Inlet and outlet valves and suction strainer is not within boundary. Fuel or El. power uel Inlet om POWER DRIVER STARTING TRANS- SYSTEM erat MISSION cee 1 te, (Gearbox, etc. one LUBRICATIO! misc. SYSTEM MONITORING Remote Power inctr. Coolant Boundary Figure 12 Pumps, Boundary Definition © OREDAOREDA-2002 471 OREDA-2002 Table 7 Pumps, Subdivision in Maintainable Items * Casing + Impetier le Lubrication l@ Shaft 1» Couplingto driver |« Radial bearing le Couplingto driven |* Thrust bearing unit = Seals }¢ Valves & piping }* Cylinder tiner® je Piston Je Diaphragm’ Je Instruments: '¢ Instruments le Cabling & junction boxes: le Control unit le Actuating device J= Monitoring '¢ Internal power su- poly }* Valves Lubrication system le Instruments je Reservoir wiheating system }* Pump wimotor je Filter je Cooler }¢ Valves & piping + Oil je Seals, [Miscellaneous Purge air '* Cooling/heating system + Fite, cyclone * Pulsation damper (For all subunits the Mis "Unknown" and "Subunit” are included.) 5 Reciprocating pumps. “Diaphragm pumps © OREDAOREDA-2002 OREDA-2002 172 List of failure modes AIR Abnormal instrument reading BRD Breakdown ERO Erratic output ELP _ Extemal leakage - Process medium ELU External leakage - Utility medium FTS Fail to start on demand STP Fail to stop on demand HIO — High output INL _ Internal leakage LOO Low output SER — Minor in-service problems NOI Noise OTH Other OHE Overheating PDE Parameter deviation UST — Spurious stop STD Structural deficiency UNK Unknown VIB Vibration © OREDAOREDA-2002 173 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no nem 13 Machinery Pumps Population | Installations “Rggrogated tine in service (10° hours) Wo of demands 449 81 Calendar time ™ ‘Operational time 11200 19.0224 86743 Failure mode | Noof Faiure rate (per 10" hours). ‘Active [__Repair (manhours) {taiures | Lower [Mean | Upper [ SD_[ aft roptws | win | Mean | Max rial sear] 0} 2052) 10844” 4934) 2746) 37.3) 1.0) 8] 10280 seat] 1.14) 6540] 20464] 72.93) 60.41 Breakdown 4s] 0.00) 127) +655] 517] 237] 6a] 3.0) 525] 7680 4st] oor] 385] 15.72] 5.95] 5:19] Eric out z| aco org) 0.72 ose] anr] 98] 110] 395] 8. 2t| oof 038) 200). asi] 023 External leakage - Process ex] 0.00) 236-1229] 953] 452] 28.4) 20] 383] 44a) medium s6t] 0.00, 7.07] 33.87] 13.94 9.91 Exernaiteskage -Uiity medum| 46°] 0.00] 1.20) ss] 560] 242] 160] 20] 298] 00 ast] 0.00) 3.89] 16.82] 684] 5.30 Fait stat on emand sx] 001) 252] 977] 3.62] 263/520] 10] 58.6] 851.0 sot] 00a] 13.75 4828) 17.83] 5.76 Fat stop on demand z}| oof oro. a.at} ase orn] 35] 30} 35} 2} oof © 026} 1.30] se] ozs High cutpt x} 00 067] 351] aa] lo) aa aa) 3] ol 231) 1200] 532) 035] Internat ieakage el} oo 034 — 139] 052} 042] 955] 30) 48:3] 1880) at} ore] ose} = 237] a7] one Low ouput 46] 000) 2 396] 1525] 242] 354) 30] 41.2] 5080} 46t| 000) 457] 13.58) 2290 5.30] Noise 6} ors} 033] © 056] 0.13] 032] 23.3] 160] 605] 1220 et] oor} 103] 373) 1.38) 0.9 Other e} ooo] 07} 299] 243) oz] 275.5] 20] 4245] 7340] stl o. 153 787] 321] 092 (Overeating s| 000] 027] 095] 0.35) 0.26] 183.2] 30/2650) 10250) st] oof 64a} 3256] 1404) se Perameter deviation 18] 000] 0663.49] 231] 0.95] 140] 10] za} aa iat} or4! 196] © 566] 1.87) 2.08 Spurious stop 138'| 0.00] 56] 2765] 11.50 699] a7] 10] 42a] 7140) sat] 153] 1907] 5352] 747] 15.33 Suucturldeiconey 33] 000, oan} si] agi} 1.73] 206) 50] aos] zit) 3st] 000) 124] 3.74.18] 3.80 Unknown 1} ooo 0050.15} 0.05] 0.05) | z 1] 000) = ommf 033] o}_ one eration sz] 000) 167] 770) 310}, 168} tz] 50] 1183) e960 aot] 047] 5:1] 1403453] 3.69 Degraded 754") 0.004420] 210.34) 96.32} 3964] 20.2) 0.3 264] 7980 rset] 11.39 23841] 714.72) 239.40] 86.92| | Abnormal inseument reading gz] 00 080] 456] © 245 a7] ga} 20/160] 50 ot} oof 253} tna) aa] 1.04 Eratic opt 2] 000, 227] 1280/03} 1.2] 148] 20] 168] asc z3t| ooo] 7.98] 35.25] 13.95] __2.68| [Comments (con @ OREDAOREDA-2002 174 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tere 1B Machinery Pues Population | Wnstallations ‘Aggregated tine inservice (10* hours) No of demands 449 81 Calendar ie ‘Operational time * 1200 190204 8.5743 Faiure mode Noof Faire rato (per 10° hours). Repair (wanhours) aires | Lower | Mean | Upper [ SD | nie Min | Mean [Max Ertrnal eakage Process veo] cof rei} 63a 3565) sail 112) 10) tel 278] medium reot} 0.00] 2220} 121.98] $8.38) 18.45) External leakage Unity mec] 192°] 0.00) 798] 3567] 1411] 10.00] 295] 10] 345) 280) tact] o.0e] 51.23] 22263] 6.52] 22.13 Fatt stop on demand x| ooo] 025-1341] 016) ~ 38) | 7] 00) 3 oor} 874 ©3688) 1416) 0.5 High output 1+} ooo] 0.05] 019) 0.07] 0.05) 20) 20} 20) it} 000 ai oa} ar} on ncrnaleakage sa} ooo] 5.74 © 33.26 18.05) 279] 272 03] 176] ao sat] 0.00] 1600) 7964) © 33.91]. Low output sr| ox] 221] 707] 258) 195 79] 05] 13.3] 144 sit] sa] 330i] 798i] 2409) 4.27 Minor insenice problems x} ooo] oz = .47] 0.9) one] 13.0) 180] 220) 260) at} oo} 879] 360] v4.1] 0.85) Noise as} ooo) 060, 3.22] 1.49) 0.9] 8] 10] 260] T129 ast} ooo] 187} 9.63] 4.19) 1.73 Other err} oo] 5.32, 25.64) 1058] 3.21 es| 10] 222] 1680) sit] oor] 265i] 1649] 45.65] 703 Overheating gs} oo 07] 413194] © 7] 456) 7.0] 60] 1120 at] oof = 574) ati] 144g] 1.04 Parameter deviation 76} oof 248] 7.60) 1233 © 400] «4s 10] 7] 67a ret] 000} S93] 3365] 1795) 8.76 Smvcuraldefcionsy es'| 000] 1.22) «= 144] aa] 347] 25a] 10) 18) 7980) est] o.oo) 3.05 145i] te37] 781 Viraon 46'| oo, 1.99) 1054) ssi} 242331] 10) 6) 370 ast] oo] 6212460) 9.1) 5.20) Incipient rae] a0] 5597] 22031] 96.32) sooo] 103] 0s| 153] 607.0) rieat| 12707] 760.28] 1w33.66] $52.65) 129.58 JAvoormalinstumencreasng | 880°] oi 2426) 10579] 407] 281/55] 05] 88] 1690) ssot] 845] 23823] 71996) 24609] 63.41 Eratic outpet a} ooo] og ©3741 220 oa] 4} 20) 130) 250) at —ooof 2.29) 1078] aaa 002 Exeral leakage - Process s6'| 0.00 26e] 1538] 857] 294] 148] 05] 226) 2060) medium set] ooof 816] 3080] 1597) 648) Externatleakoge-Uity medimm] 125°] 0.00] 483] 2546] 1158 657] 224) 10/266) 1790) vast] 042] 1524) © abi) 16.15] 1441 rte eakage | ooo] oe] 1.94] oa] a7] 426] os} aia] 1720 at] ooo) 104 ~— 290] ge) 104 Low utp 1+] oof 0.05} 029) a} 005) 20) 20) 20] 2 it] ooo, 013}, asi] og} oe Minor inservice problems 249] 000} 1587} 7510] 3187] 1309] 5a as] 96] tri zat] 53.83] 360.26) e932] 273.69] 2871 (Comments (cont © OREDAOREDA-2002 475 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item 13 Machinery Punps Population | installations ‘Rggregated time in service (10*hours) No of demands 449 a Colendarime™ Operational time ™ 11200 190224 86743 Faire mode Noof Failure rate (per 10° hours). ‘have ir (wanhours) taiures | Lower [Mean | Upper [ SD | nie_| reps | Win | Mean | Max Noise 1] 00g] 07] 277] 10) O76) ~—sBH]_08]|w7a) a ast] os] 204 452) 121.79 omer sz} ooo] 324) ~— tei] 757] 273) sal 10] 6.1] 6970) s2t| oo} 1958] 9009] a5.1e) 599 Overeating +] 0071 021] om] ont] 21] 0] 30) 4a] a 4) ooo) 055) 261] 1.07] 08 Parameter deviatin zr} ooo] 1.12] 6.03) a.87] 1.26 9a] 20] 144} at] 2st} 0.00) 3.34) 1431) 5.53) 2.77] Siuctral decency 1s] 000] 079] 44a] 229 79] 50) 10] 57} aia ast] ood 223] ge] 2a] 1.03 Union 4] 000, 039 0.88) 209] oi] asa] a0] es] 70. | oof 133] 771) 423) Vizaon wz} ooo] 06s] 3.19) 1.28 0.63] aa} 1.0] 267) a6 wat] ooo] 199] = a3] 31q] 1.39 Unknown zr} 00) 204997] 461.10) gal 40] 3) 520) at) ooo] 637] zat] axe] 200 Ememalleakage-Usity mecum] —1"] 000,020 0.90) asa] 005 r0| 290] 280) at] ooo 079) 428] 203] ona] Noise z| ooo 03s] a] 157] ont 60] 230) 520) 2*| oof oat ar] 243} Other «| ooo oa] 235] 159] 02 aol 1s] 140) at] oof tf aan 335] ne Unnown 13] 000) 086 © 478) 207] 0.68} © ba to] a2} a st] oof 32} 150i] Go} 1.50 teaver 1] ooo] 0.15] 04a] 0.72] 005 -| 150] 150) 159) 1] oof 039215] 10] a2 AN modes zaza'| oe] 12875} 51505] 19622) 12738] 200] 03] 274) 10250) zaaat | 2306) 118462) 7751.06] 1062] 279.33) [Comments [On demand probanity for consequence class: Ctcal and failure mode: Falto start on demand = 1.5 10% © OREDAOREDA-2002 176 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, to be continued tem: Pumps mR [RO [ep [ev [ero [ris [wo [int [too [Nor ‘Acuating device 047_[- 0.00 | 000 | 000 [o04 [000 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Bearing (0.00 | 0.00 | 004 [006 [000 | 004 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.04 Cabling & junction boxes (056 | 0.00 [0.00 | 000 [000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Casing o00 | 037 [047 [025 {000 | 000 | 000 [00 | 004 {0.00 Check valves 2.00 | 000 [004 | 0.00 [000 | 0.00 {000 {0.00 | 0.00 [0.04 Control unit 095 [000 | 000 | ooo | 025 [oz [ooo [000 [004 | 0.00 Cookers) ‘0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 029 | 000 | 0.00 [000 [0.00 [000 [0.00 Coolingheating system (004 | 0.00000 | 025 | 000 {000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 Coupling to riven unit ‘004 [0.00 [000 | ai2 | 000 {000 [000 [000 [000 [025 Couping to criver ‘004 [0.00 [000 | a01 | 000 | 012 [000 [000 | 000 | 0.00 Grinder ner 000 [00s [oor [a0 {000 | 000 [000 [oor [004 | 0.00 Diaphragm ‘000 [0.00 [000 [a0 {004 | 0.00 [000 [0.01 [000 [0.00 ites) (004 | 0.00 [000 [025 | 000 | 000 | o0« [oor [0.00 [000 Finer, cyoone ‘0.00 | 0.00 090 [0.12 {000 [000 | 000 [0.00 | 004 [0.900 Gearboxlvar. drive ‘a0 [0.04 [0.00 [0.00 [004 [000 [000 [000 [000 [6.00 Impeller (000 [0.4 [0.00 | 0.00 [000 [000 [000 [000 [oo [0.00 Instrument ow 660 | 000 | 000 | 004 [000 | 000 | 000 [005 [004 [0.00 Insrument general 103-000 [000] 000 | 000 [021 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 {0.00 Insurer. evel (033 [000 [000 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Tnseument pressure ‘440 [0.00 [002 | 0.21 | 012 | 000 [000 [000 [000 | 0.00 Tnsvument speed 037 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 000 000 [000 [000 | 000 | 0.00 Instrument, tomperaure 365 | 000 [000 [00s | 00s | 004 | ogo | 000 | 000 | 0.00 Instument, vibration 194 | 0.00 [000 [004 | 0.00 | 000 | aco [000 [000 | 0.00 Internal power supply 012 0.00 [000_[ 000 000 {000 | 00 [000 [000 {0.00 Lubrication 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 004 {000 {000 [000 [000 | coo | 0.00 Monitoring ‘089 [0.00 [0.00 [000 | o12 {000 [000 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 1 ‘000 | 0.00 ooo [a2 | 000 | 004 [000 | 000 [o76 | 0.00 ‘Omer ‘00s | 0.00 [004 fom | ooo [oor [ooo [ov [oz [008 Piping o00 [oo] 157] 163 | 000 [ooo [000 [on [039 [0.00 Piston(3) e00 | oor [072 | 008 [000 [000 [000 [000 | o00 [0.00 Pulsation damper ‘000 [000 [025 | 004 [o12 {000 | ooo [19 [0.00 [0.04 Purp wimotor ‘000 | 000 | 000 [os | 000 | 004 | ooo [000 [000 [012 Purge ai 000 | 000 [000] 004 [000 | 000 | -o00 [0.00 | 0.00 {0.00 Radial bearing ‘000 [or [00s |-o02 | 000 | 004 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 [014 Reservoir ‘0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 [000 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Reservoir wheating system ‘0.00 [0.00 [000 | aos {000 | 000 [ooo [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 Seats 000 | 008 [585] 718 | 000 | 000 | 000 | os? | 004 | 008 ‘Shalt 00a [017 000 [004 | 000 | 004 [000 | 000 [000 [0.12 ‘Subunit 12 [ose foi [02 | oo [033 [000 | oe [asa] 008 Suppor 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 {000 [000 [000 [0.00 [0.00 Thrust bearing 000 [012 [000 [010 | 000 [000 [00 [000 [000 | 0.00 Unknown. 140 fo2 Joss [11 _|o21 | os [or joa [in [037 Vanes 001 [000 [231157 [037 [oor [ooo [iss [oi [023 Tota 23.07 | 1.86 | 12.46 | 1502 | 136 | 206 [or [209 [347 [157 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable itervfailure mode combination. @OREDAOREDA-2002 477 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued Hom: Pumps ‘one [om [ror [ser [sto [ste [unk [ust [ve J Sun ‘Aaualing device 000 | 025 [000 [050 | 000 | 000 | 000 [008 | 000 | 128. Bearing ‘0.00 | 004 [090 | 008 [012 | 000 | 000 [0.10 | 008 [058 Cabling & junction boxes ‘000 [00+ [017 [021 | 000 | 000 | 000 [008 {000 [1.05 Casing ‘004 [000 [090 [008 [027 | 000 | 000 [000 | 008 [157 (Check valves ‘0.00 | 000 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 {0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.08 Convot unit ‘o00 | or2 | 025 [oz [ow [ow [oo [029 [002 | 262 Coolers) ‘012 | 004 [00s [0.12 [012 | 000 | 000 [000 000 | 074 Coolingeating system 0.08 [004 | o00_| 041 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 0.00 | 0.83, Couping to driven unt 0.00 | 0.00 fo00_|o.10 | 037 | 000 | ove [012 | 0.04 [1.09 Coupling toeriver ‘0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 010 | 004 | 000 [000 [004 | 0.12 [082 Cynder ner 0.00 |-0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 [000 [012 | 000 [032 Diaphragm ‘0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 904 | 000 | 0.00 [000 [002 | 0.00 [0.14 Finer) ‘0.00 [033 [017 [asa | 008 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 1.49, Fiter, cyclone 0.00 | 004 [000 | 012 | 000 [oo [oo« [000 | 000 [037 Gearbouvar ive 004 [0.04 | 000 | 00s [004 [ooo [000 [012 | 000 [037 Impeller 0.00 | 0.00 [a0 | oo | 006 [000 [000 [008 | 0.12 [034 Trsiumert ow 0.00 | ove [o6z [ow [004 [000 | 000 [0.12] 0.00 [774 Instument, general ‘0.00 [oz fo0s | 04s | 000 | 004 | 000 [0.17 | 000 [219 Instumont evel 0.00 [000 [oor foi | oo4 | 000 | 000 [004 | 0.00 | 062, Instrument, pressure 004 | 008 [037 [oso | o12 [000 | oo4 [050 | 0.00 [640 Tnstument, speed 0.00 [012 | 000 [000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [oso Instrument onperatre 004 [000 [o29 [oss [o02 [000 [000 [054 [0.00 | 526 Instrument, vbvaion 000 | 000 [04s [04s 000 0.00 [00s [033 [039 | 365 Internal power supa ‘0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [004 {000 | 0.00 [0.00 [008 {0.00 | 025, Lubrication ‘000 [0.00 [000 [008 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 {0.00 [0.12 Monitoring 000 [004 [00s [014 {000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [012 [0.00 [1.40 Oi 004 [012 | oo4 [045 {000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [167 ‘Other ‘00s [00s [oso [ose [ore [0.00 [0.12 [000 [0.04 [2.46 Piping 000 [2a [04s [033 [066 | 0.00 | a00 | 000 | 004 [542 Piston) ‘000[- 000 | 090 [090 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 [0.00 | 084, Puisatn dager 000 | 00s | 00 [000 {000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [072 Pump wimoter 0.00 | 004 [00s [00a [ooo [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [074 Purge ait ‘0.00 | 008 [0.00 [004 [000 [0.00 [0.00 [004 [000 [021 Racial bearing 000 [00s [012 [00s {031 | 000 | ooo | oo4 [os | 162 Resevoir ‘000 [0.00 [000 [004 [000 | 0.00 [000 [000 [0.00 [004 Reservor whheating stem ‘000 | 000 {000 [004 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [000 [0.12 Seals 012 [21 [00s [023 [056 [000 | 000 [035 [oor | 1s.44 Shaft ‘004 | 000 | -0.00— | 0.00 [004 [000 [0.00 [008 [om [069 Subunit 0.00 [050 [025 [037 {045 | 000 | 000 | 037 [ost [435 Support ‘0.00 [0.00 [000 | 0.00 [012 | 0.00 [000 [000 [asi [703 Thrust bearing ‘a4 | 000 | a0 | 004 [019 | 000 [0.00 [000 [ore [067 Unknown 003 [120 [020 [173 [082 | 000 | 045 [153 [ose [13.08 Valves ‘000_| 1.03 050132 [017 000 [0.00 [010 [0.00 [9.37 Total 074 15.16 [487 | 1040 [470 [021 [ora [sas | 376 [1000 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable itemfallure mode combination. @OREDAOREDA-2002 178 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, to be continued Item: Pumps aR [ero_[ cup [ew [ero [rts [mo [int [too [nor Blockagefplugged 1.36 [0.08 [025 | 029 [012 | 004 [000 [000 [ost | 000 Breakage 074 [012 [037 | 041 [008 | 008 | 0.00 [004 | 0.00 [0.00 Burst 000 [001 [000 | 0.00 {o00 | 000 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [70.00 Cavitation oo for [oi [oz [000 [000 | o00 [000 J 000 [oz Ciearancel algnment falure 021 1000 [012 | 0.12 | ooo | 004 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [021 Combined causes. (0.00 | 008 [008 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 [004 [004 [0.04 Contamination ‘0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 001 | 008 {ooo [ooo [004 [095 | 0.00 Convolfaiure 033 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.08 | 008 [a00 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Corrosion, 045 [004 [037 | 033 | 000 | 000 | ooo [00 [oz | 0.00 Deformation 0.00 | 0.00 [00 | 008 | 0.00 [000 | o00 {000 [000 [0.00 Eartislaton faut 025 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 {004 [0.00 [000 | 00 | 0.00 Electrical fare - gonerl 050 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 008 [a25 [000 [000 [a0 [0.08 Erosion 0.00 | 00s | 000 [ox {0.00 [000 [000 [000 [aos | 0.00 External influence general 004 [0.00 [0.33 | 000 | 000 | oo4 | oo | 008 [000 | 0.00 Fatigue ‘oor | 0.00 | 0.12 | 000 | 000 [004 | 000 [000 [000 [0.00 Faulty powerivohage ‘000| 0.00 | 000 [000 | 000 [000 [000 [000 | 00 | 0.00 Faulty sigraVindication/alan 285 | 0.00 | 000 [000 | 004 [004 [000 [00 | 000 | 0.00 Tnstrumert afure- general 656 | 000 | 008 [01 | 008 [025 [oe [000 [908 | 000 Leakage 017 | 000 | 256 | s.96 [008 {000 | ooo [oss [017 [004 Looseness ‘o08 | 000 [037 [0.12 {000 | 004 | 00 [000 | 0.00 [0.00 Material fare - general (000 | 000 [021 | 058 [004 [004 [008 [0.12 | 000 [0.00 Mechanical Failure - general os [ors [421 [asa [oz [oa [ooo [oss [033 [045 Mise. external infuences. oat | 020 [os [ox [01 [000 [000 [000 [012 [000 Miscellaneous - general ‘0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [008 {0.04 [000 [000 [000 [008 [00 No cause found 0.17 | 0.00 [000 | 004 [0.08 | 008 | 0.00 | 004 [0.00 [0.00 No power wotage ‘0.04 [0.00 [0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 [000 [000 | 0.00 No sgnalindicaion/alarm ‘0.78 | 0.00 {0.00 | 00 | 000 [000 [ooo [000 | 04 [0.00 (Open creut 1033 | 0.00 | 000 [000 | 000 [004 [ooo [000 | 000 [0.00 (Other 0.04 {0.00 [00 | oo4 [000 [000 | 00 | 000 [0.00 {0.00 (Out of agusient 598 | 0.00 | 090 | 000 | 012 | 008 [000 [000 [o04 | 0.00 Overheating ‘0.00 [0.01 [090 | 000 | 000 [000 [a0 | 000 [000 | 0.00 ‘Shor creutng ‘0.08 [0.00 [0.00 [000 | oo4 [aos | 00 [000 | 000 {0.00 ‘Software faire 0.08 [0.00 | a00 [0.00 [000 {00s [000 [000 | 000 | 0.00 Sécking 017 | 0.00_{ 04 [000 [000 [000 [ooo [00s [000 [021 Unknown 025 [oor [o1z | 008 [000 [025 [004 | 08 [00s [021 Vibration ‘029 [000 [008 | 000 [000 [000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 0.04 Wear 033 [012 | 266 [153 | 008 [012 [000 [087 [045 [021 Tox 23.07 | 1.06 [12.46 | 1502 | 1.36 | 205 [017 | 269 | 347 [157 ‘The figures are percentages of the total fallure rate for the actual failure descriptorifailure mode combination. @OREDAOREDA-2002 179 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, continued Item: Pumps one [om [Poe | Ser [Si> [ste [unk [ust [ve J Sum Blockagelugged 000 [004 [153 [062 | 021 | 000 | 000 {008 [oor [557 Breakage 004 [012 [oor [033 [004 [000 [000 [oz [025 | 289 Burst 0.00 | 0.00 {0.00 [000 | 000 [000 [0.00 [0.00] 0.00 | 004 Cavitation 0.00 | 008 [00s [004 {012 [000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.04 [095 Clearance! aligrmert falire cor | oo 0.17 | 008 | 017 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 078 | 198, Combined causes ‘000 | oot | 000 | 004 [000 000 [000 [000 [004 [0.41 Contamination ‘o00 | o21_| 090 | 050 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 182 Convo faire ‘0.00 | o08_| 090 [017 | 000 | 008 [000 [025 [004 [107 Corrosion ‘0.00 | 029 | 000 [070 {osi_| 000 | 000 [017 [000 [297 Deformation ‘eos | ooo | 000 | 008 [oo [000 | 0.00 | o.08 [004 [037 Eathisolaon felt ‘a0 | 00s | 0.00 [0.08 [000 | o00 | -000 [00s [0.00 | 054 lectica falure- general 004 [021 [012 | 021 | 008 | 000 [oe [0.45 | 0.00 | 2.02 Erosion ‘090 | 0.00 [000 | 000 | 008 [000 [000 [000 | 0.00 [029 Excomnal iniuenea - genera 000 [037 [021 [oso | 000 | 000 [000 [0.00 [0.08 | 1.61 Fetgue ‘0.00 {0.00 [000 | 000 [0.04 [0.00 [000 | 000 | aos [029 Faulty powerivatage 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | ao | 0.00 | 000 [000 [004 | 0.00 [004 Faulty signalindcatonlalorm 0.08 | 0.08 [008 | 012 | 000 | 000 [000 [osa | 0.12 [396 Instrument lure gonoral ‘a0 [o4t_[ 1.07] 173 | 000 [00a [oi [116 | 0.08 [11.93 Leakage 0.00 | 008 fos [oss [oz [ooo | 001 [017 [0.08 10.40 Looseness ‘0.00 | 0.00 000} 028 | 004 | 000 | 000 [004 | 0.08 7.03, Material fale general 000 [o12 [ooo [03s [062 [000 [000 [004 | 0.08 [227 Mechanical Fale - gonera or [107 fos [ia [231 [000 [oa [o7e [070 | 19.60 ise, extemal fluences ‘000 [oso [01 [095 | 008 | 000 | 000 [008 | 0.45 [392 Miscellaneous - general ‘000 | 008 [0.00 [004 | 000 000 {0.00 [0.04 | 0.00 [035 No cause found 004 [004 [000 [000 {000 [000 [000 [ore [012 [074 No power votage ‘000 | 000 [000 [004 [000 [000 [0.00 [000 [0.00 | 0.08 No signainleaion/lerm 000 [008 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 [0.08 | 0.00 [0.99 (Open cuit 000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 [ooo | 0.00 [0.45 Other 00s _[o17_| 01 [012 [000 | 000 | 00+ [ooe [000 [ose (Ou of adusment 000 | 000 [oss [020 [000 | o00 [000 [oz | 008 | 7.35 Overheating 0.08 | 0.00 [000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 [004 | 0.00 [0.17 ‘Sort orci ‘0.00 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 { 000 [0.00 | 004 {0.00 [0.21 ‘Software fare 0.00 004 [oo | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 | 004 | 0.00 [0.21 ‘Sticking 0.00 | 029 {000 | 037 | 000 [000 | 000 [004 | 0.00 [1.16 Unknown 017 | 023 | 008 | 025 | 000 [00s [029 [or | 012 | 248 Vitvaton 0.00 | 004 [012 _| o0¢ | 017 [000 [000 [om [oar 1.57 Wear ‘0.00 029 | 000 | as2 | 012 | ooo [000 [oi [om [7.72 Total 745.16 [487 | 1040 | 470 | 021 [074 [54s [376 | 1000 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorfailure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 180 OREDA-2002 FTaxonomy no item 131 Macrinery Pumps Contig Population | Installations “Aggrogated time in service (10* hours) No of demands 360 89 Calendar time ™ ‘Operational ime * 10340 13.9546 5.7455 Failure mode Wo of Failure rate (per 10° hours) nhours) {taitures | Lower | Mean | Upper_[ SD_| nik Max Critical 46] o00l 2460) 12423 721] 33.25 307] 10678) 10250) aet'| 0:12) 7052] 28408] 106.81] 80.76) Breakdown 3r| ooo] 120) t67| 782] 265] 64) 30) 57.1) 7660) ait} oof 370] 21.16] 11.38) a4 Erratic output z| ooo} 0.15, 0.79] 054) ota 19.8 11.0] 395] ac 2) oof ase] 2.22 ase] 0.35 Enornal leakage - Process mr] ooo} 2.28] 5.52) 184 552 02] 20] 20] aaa mmedum mit] 000} 704] 38.07] 1767] 13.40) External leakage Utity mestum| 46°] 0.00161] 284) 8.28] © 330] 160) 20] 2.8] 900 ast] coo] 4.81] 28.68] 1365] 801 Fao start on demand a} aor} 2.26] ase] 3.14 3.01] 558} 1.0] a0] st vat} 00a) 1374] $5.88) 21.1) 731 Fao stop on demand 2} ooo} 013] 06s] a7] ora] 3.5 30) 35] zt] oof 0.38], .85) a8} 0.35 High utp x} ooo} ogo] 358) 277] | 10} 33] 60 3} oof 249) 1373] bas] 2 even eokage +] ooo 0.16 a7} 07] zi] 1e8.0/ 360] © 907] 1880 st] 000] 0.56] 2.63) 1.08) 0.82 | Low output 4a] 0.00] 258] © 3.33] 17.49] 287] 382] 3.0] 45.3] 508.0) at} oof 4637.79] 27.92) .96 Noise 4} ooo] 025] 1.28057] 029] 25.0] 160] 67.3] 1220) st] 0.03] 078] 2.34) 00] 0.70 otter s| 0.00 ogo] 3.20268] os7| | 2755] 20) 424s] 7940) at} o.oo] © 185] 8.07) 314} 1.39) Overheating s| ani} 036 = a7|_ 019] 036] 1882] 30) 2650] 10250 st} ooo} 683] 37.16] 17.32) Oa Parameter deviation we] 000, 063] 284] 3.03] 1.15) 116] 1027] vet] ots} 258] 760283) 278 Spurious stop ror} 0.00] 633] 3392] 15.63] © 860] 397/10) 450) 7140 aot} asi} 2256] 6852) 2444) 20.89) Sct dfcioncy z'| ooo] ost] oz] 6.77]—183| 23/70) 473) zi9) at} ooo 177] 3.32] 1008) 470 Vitration az| ooo] 2.121 10.93] 4.76) © 229] 81.2] 50] 1183) 8969) 32] 062] 6.76] 18.55] 6.00) 5.57 Degraded saz*| ool 32.39) 16348] 7023] seas] 223] 05] 21] 7800) sai] 3.74] 23730] 747.95| 257.91] 93.46 Anermal instrument racing | ooo) 0.5] 495] 2.70) 064] 90 20] 60] 50) at| ooo} 295) 1259) ame} 157 atic opt 10] 000) 195 10.27} 699) 72] 20.3] 20] 74] 5.0 wt} oof a7] 26.99] 1379] 1.74 [Comments (con @OREDAOREDA-2002 181 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tam 3.1 Machinery Pups Conrtugel Population | hstallations “Agoregated time in service (10* hours) No of demands 350 59 Calendar time™ Operational ime 10340 13.9546 5455 Failure mode Woof Failure rate (per 10" hours). ‘Active [__ Repair (manhours) {tates | Lower | Mean | Upper_[ SO [nit | ropes | Min | Mean | Max Exceraleakage Process 36] 000) 32st 18.02 92] dai] taat zat ata] 2780] medium set} 002} 10524184) 1563) 9.75 Exemaleakoge-Usiy medium] 178°] 0.00) 9.26] 45.08} 1879] 1276 302] 10] 36.3] 2190) ret] 0.00) 87.14) 265.18) 107.20] 30.98 Fait stop on denand 3| ooo} 0.30) 159] 1.17] 1} 38] Go} 7.7] 100 3] oo 9:30) 320] 175302 High ouput 1} 0.00] 07] 020-07} a7], 0 20] 20] 2 it] 00] 0.15) os} or Intra leakage a} 000) ag! 4752.22] o73] 6.8] 20] 560] 3040 uit} ooo 617] 34.28] 1767] 11 Low ouput wo] 132) 245] 315] 058) 215] 8] 05] 144} taao aot] 496] 37.34) gai} zaas] 520 Minor inservice problems 3} ooo) 023} © 1810.83] 021] 130] 180} 220) 280 st] oo] 9.27] aan] 174605 Noise 5] ooo} 0.32] 1.72] 1.06] 036) 17.7] G0] 35a] 75) st} 0.00) 095] © 46181] otner 46'| cof 429-2119] 8.96 © 330] 185] 1021.8} 65 ast] oof 27.99] 13288 54.47} 801 Overeating | ooo} 083] 58] 2.14 0.64) 456] 7.0] 680) 1129 st} oof 615] 34.20) 7H] 157 Parameter deviation 7o'| ao} 2603.48] 17.29 502} 45] 10] 73] er zt} ooo 5:71] 1981] 767] 12:18 | Seuczal deficiency sr-| ooo] 1.73] 192} 1381] 437] 269] 10] 339} 7980) sit] ooof 575) 20.20] 27.74) 1069 ication 4s| coo} 289 16.73] 91a) 3.22] 342) 1078] 7370) ee Incipient $36" 0.00] 56.57] 26299] 106.45] 67.07] 108] 05| 15.6] 697.0 936") 95.49) 934.30] 2182.80 Avnormalinsvumentreading | 445"| 0.00] 2576) 12863) S490] 31.89] ©5705] aa} 44) aust] 446] 27418} 96222] 30837) 77.45 Eretic output S| ooo] 0.3 ~— 204) 1.41] 036] © 4] 20) 8216 st] 000] 1364 ©=— 538) 2010 External leakage - Process we ooo] 273, 1438] 9.89) 3.20] 153] 05] 244) 2060 medium ast] 000} 860] 44.48] 19.52) 801 Exernelleakage -Utity medium] 108"| 0.00 529) © 2.69] 1334] © 7.74) 235] 1.0 280) 1790 oat} 057] 1763] 5347] 1840) 1880) Internat eokage | ooo} 048) 2.09] 084) af az] 0s] ata] 1720) st] 02] 14a] 327] ase] 1.87 Low output 1] 000 006) © 033] ats) 7] §— 20] 20] 2a st] 000) ore] 05s] 0.20 on [Comments {cont)] @OREDAOREDA-2002 182 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 134 Machinery Pumps Corertugal Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10"hours) No of demands 350 58 Calendar time * ‘Operational time T 10340 13.9546 57455 Failure mode Noot Failure rate (per 10° hours). ‘ative [__ Repair (manhours) aitures | Lower [ Mean | Upper [ SD_[ n/t_| ropes [Min | Mean | Max orn ssc problems Zis| ooo 15.38) soi] seen! 1526) Gi! sl” tol 11109 aigt] 39.27| 391.65] 1057.33] 338.83] 37.07] Noise s| ooo] asa 3.23] 1.39) os7| 73} 05] 201] a6. at] ood = 21) G88] 23q) 1.39 otrer ar} oo] 3] 17.24] 840) 3.37] 27a] 10] 4.0} car. ait} 000] 2068} 10350] 44.28] 8.10) Overeating «| cool 023] 095] 1.08] 0.23) 303) 30] 34a] to at} goof 067] 283] 1.09) 0.70 Parameter deviation 23] 0.00) 1.08, 559] 4.15] 1.65] 93] 20) tat] at} ooo] ase] 13.98 5.17] 0) Suc deficiency iz} ooo] 079] 4s 230) 6] a2] 1.0 700) 2138 wt} 132221] 328 oso] 209 Urknown | ooo} oar] ~— 0.74) 234) © oz] 45.3] 80] 385] 700 #090] 148} 16] 496) 0.70 Viraton nr} ooo} aa] = 3.33] 1.28) 079] 9a] 1.0) 25.7} a6 nt} oo] 243} 9.16] 3.38] 1.91 Unknown wz} 000] 117] 6.41] 3.08) og6] 8] 20] 13.6) a8) st] oor] 450} 1783] 665] 2.09) External leakage tity mecum| —1*] 0.00] 023] 059] 1.05] 0.07 20] 200] 29] 1] oof oe) a7] 238] 0.17 Other z|aoil 015, 043} onal | 120} r20o} 120) at] ooo} ol 3d} 4a] 0.35} Unknown gs] o os] 44a] 27906] 68 20/121] st] 000, 320, 18.07} 6.15) 1.87 At modes y949'| o.oo} 11264) 546,74) 226.8] 13867] 213] 05] 305) 10250) reat] 172.90) 1277.00] _ 3233.73] 1001.75) 339.22 [Comments on demand probability for consequence class rica en fre made: Fait start. on demand = 1.3 10! © OREDAOREDA-2002 183 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, to be continued Item: Pumps - Centrifugal AR [RO [ep [EU] ERO [ATS [WO [ML [100 | NOL Auaing doce ‘ost [000 [000 | 090 | aos | 000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Bearing ‘0.00 [0.90 [005-008 [0.00 | 005 [0.00 | 000-000-005 Cabing & unaiin boxes ‘064 [0.00 [-0.00~ [0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 Casing ‘0.00 | 045 | 059 [031 [000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 Check vies ‘000-000 | 005-000 | 000 | 000 {0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.05 Control nit 1.18 | 000 [000 [000 [os1 | oz1_[ 000 | 0.00 [0.05 [0.00 Coolers), 10.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.36 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00000 Cooingiheating system 1005 |a00 | 000 [031] ooo | 000 | 000 | 000 [0.00 [000 ‘Coupling to driven unit 1005 | a00 | 000 [015 | 00 | 0.00 000 | 000 [0.00 [005 Coupling to civ 0.05 [0.00 | 000 [005 {0.00 | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 Diaphragm 0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 [0.00 | 000 [000 | 0.00 [000 [0.00 Fitts) 10.00 | 000 | 000 [031 | 000 | 000 | 005 | 00s | 000 | 000 Fier, cycone 000 [000 | 000 | 015 | 000 | a00 | 000 | 00 | 0.05 [000 Georbonivar. ive 10.90] 005 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 00 [000 | 000 | 0.00 [000 imoeter ‘0.00 [0.00 [000 [000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 | 000 | 005 | 0.00 Instrument for 395 | 000 | 000 [005 | 000 | 000 [000 | 008 | 005 [0.00 Tnsrument general 1.13 [000 [000 {000 | 0.00 [026 | 0.00 [0000.00 [0.00 Insirument, eve oar [000 [oo [000 | 0.00 000 | 0000.00 [a0 | 0.00 Insirument pressor ‘490_| 000 | 003 [021 [015 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 Trsnanent spent 0.46 [0.00 | 000 [a00 | 000 | 000 | 00 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 Instrument, ompertare 456 [000 | 000 [010 | 005 | 005 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 Trsrument, vibaon 2a1_{ 000 | 000 [005 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 00 | 000 Inert power supply 01s [000 | 000 [ooo | 0.00 | 000 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [000 Lubrication ‘0.00—[-0.00 | 0.0 [005 | 0.00 [0.00 | 000 [0.00 [0.00 [000 Moning 1.10_| 0.90 [000 [000 [0.15 | 0.00_| 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 1 0.00 [0.00 | 000 [026 [000 | 005 | 000 0.00 | 095 [0.00 ‘Other 005 [000 | 005 [asi 000 | 005 [000 [005 [0.10 [0.10 Piping 0.00 | 005 | 190 [203 | 0.00 [0.00 [000 [0.00 [0.49 [000 Pump wineior ‘0.00 [0.00 | 000 [asi | 0.00 [005 [000 [0.00 [000 [015 Purge air ‘0.00 [0.00 | 000 [aos | 0.00_| 0.00 | 000 | 000 [0.00 | 000 Radial bearing (0.00_[-0.15 | 005 [003 [000 | 0.05 | 000 | 000 [0.00 [013 Reservoir ‘0.00 [0.00 | 000 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [000 Reservoir wheaing system 0.00 [0.00 | 000 [0.10 | 0.00 [0.00 [0000.00 [0.00 [000 ‘Seals ooo for [sui [@16 | 000 [0.00 [000 [059 [000 [003 ‘Stat 1005 [021 [000 | 005 | 000-005 [000-000 | 000 [0.10 ‘Subunit 0.15 | 056 | 008 [0268 [000 | 036 | 000 | 005 [051 | 00s Support 6.00 [0.00 | 000 [00 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 |0.00_[ 000 Thrust bearing (0.00 [01s | ooo [013 | 0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 0.00 [000 [000 Unknown 149 [015 046 | 1.08 {005 [ose [ors [01s [1.23 [0.10 Vaves 0.00 [000 [ose [174 [010 | 005 | 000 | 021 [0.10 | 005 Total 2329 [1.90 [918 [1709 [oar [215 [oa [118 [364 | 087 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable iternfailure mode combination. © OREDAOREDA-2002 184 OREDA-2002 Maintainable item versus failure mode, continued Item: Pumps - Centrifugal OnE [om [Poe] SeR | Sto [stp] UNK [ust [vie Sum Aeuating device ‘00 | 026 [000 [062 [000 [000 [000 [005 [0.00 [1.49 Bearing ‘0.00 | 000 [000 | 005 [015 | 000 [000 [0.13 | 0.10 [067 Cabling & uncon boxes ‘ooo {00s [021 | 026 | 000 | 000 | 000 [0.10 | 0.00 [1.26 Casing 005 | 0.00 | 000 [00s {033 {000 [000 [000 [010 [195 (Check vals ‘000 [0.00 [000 [000 | 000 [000 [000 | 000 | 000 [0.10 (Consol unit ooo [ors [oa [oe [oi [oz [oo [036 [003 | 3.05 Cooter(s) 015 | 005 00s [0.15 | 015 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 092 CooingMheaing system 0.10 [005 [ooo [os | 000 | ooo [ooo [000 [000 [1.03 ‘Coupling to driven unt 0.00 [0.00 [000 [00a 041 [000 [00s [01s [005 | 1.00 ‘Coupling to ceiver 000 [0.00 | o00 [003 [00s [000 [000 | 000 [0.15 [033 Digphragm 000 | 000 [0.00 [00s [000 | 000 [00 [000 [0.00 [0.05 Fits) 000 [ost_fozt [046 [010 | 000 | 000 [000 [00 [159 Fier, cyelone 000 [005 [000 [01s | 000 | 000 [005 [00 [000 [0.46 Gearbowvar dive 0.05 [000 | 000 | 005 [005 [000 [000 [015 [000 [0.26 Impelir ‘0.00 [000 [000 [000 [008 [o00 [000 [010 [015 [038 Insrumere, ow 000] 005 [077 [oz {005 [000 [000 [015 [000 [5.36 Instrument. general 000 | o26 | 01 |os1 {000 | 00s | 000 [015 [000 | 2.46 Insrurient, evel (0.00 | 000 [00s | 0.10 | 005 | 000 [ooo [00s [000 | 0.67 Instrument pressure 005 [010 [036_| oss [015 | 000 [00s [04s [000 [7.03 Insbument, spec 0.00 [015 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 000 [000 | osz instument,emperature 005 | 0.00 036 069 | 003 | 000 | ooo [067 | 000 | 6.54 instumert, vation ‘0.00 000 [oss [056 | 0.00 | 000 | oos [oar [oa | 454 Internal power suppiy (0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 005 | 0.00 [000 [00 [0.10 [000 [031 Lubrication 0.00 [0.00 [000 [0.10 [000 {000 [000 [000 [000 [0.15 Monitoring ‘000 [00s [010 [018 | ooo [000 [ooo fois [ooo [176 oH 005 [ois [005 [026 [000 [000 [000 | 000 [000 [1.77 Other 005 [oro ose [072 [015 [ooo [ois | 000 [005 | 2.77 Piping 00 fos} oss [om | o72 [000 [ooo [oa [00s [6.41 Pump wimokor 0.00 [00s [0.10 [005 | 000 [000 [000 [000 [000 [092 Purge ait ‘000 | 0.10 | 000 [005 [000 [0.00 [000 [00s [000 [026 Radial bearing 000 [010 [015 [010 [028 [000 [ooo [00s [076 [197 Reservoir 0.00 | 000 [000 [005 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 | 0.05 Reservoir heating stem ‘0.00 | 0.00 [000 [0.05 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [0.00 | 0.15 Seals 015 [oz [oro | 036 | 058 | 000 [000 [oe [002 | 15.79 ‘Shatt (0.05 [0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [aco [00s [oa [070 ‘Subunit 000 [oss [031 | 046 | 048 [000 [ooo [046 [051 | 480 ‘Support (0.00 | 0.00 00 | 000 [015 {000 [a0 | 000 | 1.08 | 1.23 Thrust pearing 005 | 0.00 000 [00s | 023 | 000 [ovo [ooo | oz | oss Unknown 010 [osr_[o3t_| 14 | 056 | 000 [oat [18s [062 [12.05 Valves 000 [1.08 fost [128 [oz {000 [oo [00s [000 {6.21 Tota 092 [520 [559 | 108 [513 [026 [oer [616 | 452 [ 1000) ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual maintainable item/filure mode combination. @ OREDAOREDA-2002 185 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, to be continued AR [ero [P| eu [ero [ris | wo [mt | 100 [NOL Blockagelpiogged iat [005 [031 | 036 | 015 | 005 | oo | 000 [092 [0.00 Breakage 77 | 005 [00s [04s | 000 | 005 | 000 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Burst ‘000 | 005 [000 | 000 [000 | 0.00 | 0.00 {0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Caviaion 000 | 015 [01s [026 {000 {0.00 [000 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.15 Clearance! algyment flute 026 | 000 [ois [01s {ooo | 0.05] 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 Combined causes 0.00 | 005 [000 [0.90 | 000 | 0.00 | 000 [000 [0.05 | 0.00 Contamination 0.00 | 0.00 [000 [005 [010] 0.00 | 0.00 [005 [1.18 [0.00 Contra falure ‘o41_| 000 [000 [000 [00s [0.10 {000 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Corrosion ost 00s [oat [oi {000 | 000 | 000 [0.00 [026 [0.00 Deformation ‘0.00_| 000 | 000 | 0.10 [000 | ooo [0.00 [7o.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Ezrtiisolaton a ‘031 000 [000 [0.00 [000 [005 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Electrical fale - general ‘062 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 005 | 0.21 | 000 [0.00 000 | 0.05 Erosion ‘6.00 0.10 [000 | 015 | 000 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 005 [0.00 Exiemal inure - general ‘oo | 0.00 | 000 [0.00 [000 [005 [o.oo {0.00 [000 [0.00 Fatigue 005 | 0.00 [015 | 000 | 000 {0.00 [00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 Fauty powervatage ‘0.00 [0.00 [0.00 0.00 | 000 | 0.00 | a00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00, Faulty signalinicaion/alam 334 | 0.00 | 000_| 000 | 005 | 005 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [ 000, Inseument ale - general 775 [000 | 010 | 021 | 010 [026 | 005 [000 [010 |"0.00 Leakage o21_| 000 | 272 | 688_| 000 | 000 | 000 [056 | 0.05 [005 Looseness 010 | 000 | 036 | 015 | 000 [000 foo [0.00 | 0.00 0.00 Material failure general 0.00 | 0.00 [026 | 067 | 000 | 005 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 000 | 0.00. Mechanical Faure - general 067 | osz | 359 | 539 | ooo | 046 | 000 [026 [01s [oa Miso, external iniuences 046 [os1_| 046 | 046 | 015 | 000 | 000 [000 | 015 | 000 Miscellaneous genera 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | o.10 | 005 [000 | 000 [0.00 | 0.05 | 000. No cause found o2z1_| 000 | a00 | 00s [000 | 010 [000 [0.00 J 0.00 [0.00 ‘No powed vokage 0.05 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00, ‘No signatindcatonfalarm 087 [000 [090 | 000 000 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 000 [005 [0.00 Qpen cuit o41_| 000 [000 | 000 | 000 [005 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 (Giher 0.05 | 0.00 | 000 | 005 | 000 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 (Out of agusinert 339 | 000 [000 [000 | ors {010 [0.00 {0.00 [0.00 [0.00 Overheating 0.00 | 0.05 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | 0.00 {000 | 0.00 | 0.00 ‘Short creuting 010 [000 [000 | 000 [000 [0.05 [0.00] 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 ‘Software falure 010 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [0.00 {0.00 [0.00 [0.00 ‘Sticking 015 | 0.00 | 000 | 000 | 000 [000 [000 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000. Unknown oz1_| 005 [005 | o10 | 000 [031 [aos [010 | 005 Ta. Vibration 036 | 000 [00s [000 | 000 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [00s Wear o41_[ 01s [036 | 108 | 000 [015 | a00 [oz | 056 | 005, Towa 2329 | 190 [918 | 1709 | os7 [215s faz [11s [36e | 087 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorfailure mode combination. @OREDAOREDA-2002 186 OREDA-2002 Failure descriptior versus failure mode, continued Item: Pumps - Centrifugal ‘one [om | PoE | SER | smo [sip [unk [ust [vie [Sum Biockagefplugged 000 [005 [190 | 072 [02 [000 | 000 [010 [005 [631 Breakage (0.05 | 00s [00s [031 [00s [000 | 000 [005 Tos [2.26 Burst ‘0.00 [0.00 | 090 [0.00 {6.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 [0.05 Cavitation 0.00 |-o.10 | 0.10 | 005 | 0.15 [000 [000 [000 [00s | i.18 Ciearancel aighment aitre 005 | 00s | oz | 005 | 021 | 000 [ooo [000 [os | 215 Combined causes, (0.00 | 0.00 000] 005 | 0.00 | 000 | a00 [000 [00s [021 (Contamination (0.00 | 021 [000 | 056 | 0.00 | 000 | a0o | 00 | o00 | 2.15 Control are 0.00 0.10 [000 [015 | 000 {010 [ooo [oa [00s [1.18 Corrosion 000 [036 | 000 [077 [051 {000 [000 [ois [000 [3.44 Deformation 005 [0.00 [000 [0.10 [005 {ooo [oo [01 [00s | 0.46 arthisolaton faut 005 [010 000 [0.10 | 0.00 [000 [000 | 005 [ooo | 067 Elericalfelure -goneral 005 [026 01s [026 | 005 [000 [00s [os [ooo [226 Erosion ‘0.00 | 0.00 000 | 0.00 | 0.05 [000 [000 [000 [000 [0.36 External infuence - general ‘000 [046 [0.26 [0.15 | 000 {000 [000 [000 | 00s [0.97 Fatigue o00 [0.00 | 000 [000 [005 [000 [000 [000 [005 [031 Faulty powervonage 0.00 | 0.00} 000 [090 | 0.00 [000 | 000 [005 [0.00 | 0.05 Faulty signaVinccaton/alarn 10 | 010} 0.10 [01s [000 [000 [ooo [oer [ois [472 Instrument faire - general 0.00 | 046 [1.23 [ 200 | 000 [010 [015 [1.39 [0.10 [1401 Leakage ‘0.00 | 005 [000 | 036 [026 [000 [00s [oz [os [4a Looseness ‘0.00 | 0.00 [000 | 026 [000 [000 | 000 [00s [05 [097 Material faire - general ‘ooo [015 [000 |-036 [051 [000 [000 [00s [010 [2.26 Mechanical Faiure- general ‘015 [oer | os1_| 149_| 267 | 000 [015 [oar [os | 19.39 ‘Misc. extemal nfuences, 000 [056 fo2r [1.13 | 010 | 000 [000 [010 [ost [462 Miscelaneous - general (0.00 [0.10 | 000 | aos | 0.00 | 000 [000 [00s [000 [oat No cause found ‘005 [0.05 [000 | 000 | 000 | 000 [oo [ors [oi [or No power! votage (0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [005 {0.00 [000 [000 [000 [000 {010 No signalindcation/aler ‘000 [010 000 [0.00 | 000 | 000 | a00 | 005 | 000 [1.08 ‘Open cicut (0.00 | 000 | 000 [0.10 | 000 [000 [00 [000 [000 | 0.56 ‘Other 005 [021 00s [015 | 000 {000 [00s [oi [ooo [072 (Ou of ausiment 000 [000 [oss | 036 | 000 [000 [ooo [oz [ow [sor Overheating (0.10 | 0.00 [0.00 | 000 [000 [000 [000 [0s [000 [021 ‘Short ereuling 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 | 0.00 | 000 | 00 | 005 | 000 [0.21 ‘Software faire (0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [0.00 [0.00 [005 [0.00 [021 ‘Sticking (0.00 0.26 000 | o41 | 0.00 | 000 [oo [00s [000 | 087 Unknow 21 fo36 [010 | 031 | ooo | 005 [oz [ors [ors [267 Vitation ‘000 [0.05 fois | 005 [oz | 000 [oo [ost [046 | 190 Wear ‘000 [015 | 000 | 056 | 005 | 000 | aco | 00s | 026 | 405 Total 092 | 528] 589 | 1108 | 513 [026 [oer [616 | 452 [1000 ‘The figures are percentages of the total failure rate for the actual failure descriptorfallure mode combination, © OREDAOREDA-2002 187 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item want Machinery Pures corrtgat Chemica rection Population | installations ‘Aggregated time in service (1 hours) No of demands 3 2 Calender time™ ‘Operational tine T 4 00964 0.0961 Faure node Noof Faiure rate (por 10° hours) ‘ive | _Repair (ranhours) taiures| Lower [Mean | Upper [ SD | n/e_| repivs | win | Mean [Max Degraded +] Oza toa} ari] t32of tos] =] ze} 2] 260 tt{ 023] 12412} 3767] 13.35) 10.41 Exeratieakage sty medion) 1°] 024 1204) 3731] 1319 1038} «=| 260] 260) 260 at] 023) sata] 3767] 13.35] 10.41 AN modes +| ozs tz0q — a7ai] 13:19] 10.38) -| 260) 260} 260) at] o23|_ rar] 37.67] 13.35] _ 1041 [Comments on demand probably for consequence class: Citic and failure mode: Failto start on demand = 0.0 10% @OREDAOREDA-2002 188 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Rem 1312 Machinery Pumps: Centtugal Combined tuncton Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) Wo of demands 8 2 Calendar time ‘Operational time T 0.3508, 0.2991 Failure mode Woof Failure rate (per 10° hours). ‘Retive |__ Repair (manhours) taitures{ Lower [Mean | Upper | SD | of | rep.tws | Win | Mean [Max (Critical | ora tse3{ S207] 1906] 17.13 58.2] 1.0[ 58.8) (96.0) et] on} 2047] 72.16] 26.85, 20.06 Emer leakage - Process, S| ora} 1309) 4252) 1845) 1427) 626) 340) 70.4) 960 medium st{ om} 17.04] 59.06) 21.78) 16.71 Falta stat on demand ale On 7A oil aoe ecm] 10}e 10] elo id at} ona} 3.37} 1003] 3.34) 3.34 Degraded z| 075] 54a} 13.85| 42) 5.71] 30] 20] 30] 2] 024] 6.77] 20.47] 2.01] 88) External eakage - Process +} oor} 272) «= ari] 359) 2.85) 20) 20) 20) 20 medium yt} 015] 337] 10.03] 333.34 Enemallekage -Uistymedumn| |i] 272) 971] 359] 285] 40) 40) 40) st} ore] 3.37] 1003) 3.34) 3.34 Incipient s| ots] t309| 42.52] 1546, 1427/35.) 4.0] 29.1) 1360) st] arn} 17.04 59.06) 21.78) 16.71 Abnormal instrument reading fe) (00: ore sri|ee Sc) et 2e| 21s), 16| ec elo een at] ona] 37] 10.03] 334] 3.34 External leakage - Process x} 034 8.02} 24.10] ata) 8.56) 18] 10] 20 medium 3*{ a1 10.20, 33.03] 1200) 10.03 Exeralteokage-Uky medium] 1+] 01] 272] .7t] 859] 285] 1360) 1360) 1360) 1360) it} oe) © 3.37 1003] 3.3) 334 Al modes 13-| ote] 3339] 11982] 44.27] 3711] 41.3) 1.0] 38.8) 138.) vat] oz] 4aaa) 16409] 60.60] _ 43.46] (Comments @OREDAOREDA-2002 189 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 1313 Macrinery Pumps Conse Cometesn tus Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10" hours) Woof demands 1 1 Calendar time * Operational time * 2.006 010306 Faire mode Faure rte (per 10° hours) ‘ative [_— Repair (manhours) Tower [Mean | Upper | SD | nit | reptnrs | Min | Mean [Max |All modes 0'| 0.06) 1425] $4.72| 20.15 0.00) | - 5 ot| 006] 16.12] 61.90] 2280) 0.00 [Comments @OREDAOREDA-2002 190. OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Item 1314 Machinery Pumps Centituga [Condensate processing Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) Wo of demands 15 4 Calendar time * Operational time F B34 03189 0.2207 Failure mode Woof Failure rate (per 108 hours). Repair (manhours) taitures| Lower [Mean | Upper | SD | nt_| rop.nes | Min | Mean | Max (Critical ir} 537] 8059) 233.46 77.15] sai! = 225] 20] © 310) 2230 ait! 834) 136.72) 40061) 132.89) 77.03} Breakdown a| oz} 330) a5] ag) 3.14] 228] 45.0] 450) 50} atl conf 436, 19800] 739) 4.53 Extemal leakage Utity medium) —1"| 0.24) 3.33] 983) 34) 3.14 ao} sofa tt] 000) © 4.36 1897) 7.38) 4.83 Felto start on demand 3| oa} 1310) 48.37] 17.13] aa 60] 83] 120) at] on] asi] 7.89] 32.41] 13.59 High ourput 2| oor] r2to] sa 19.351 627] | 30} 45] 60 2 a7] 2369] 92.76] 34.46] 9.06 Internal leakage | 00227 966] 357] 314 -| 480 480] 480 it} ooo 435] 18.92] 7.35] 4.53] Overheating i} 024 3.33] ga] ata) a. zea} 2230) 2230) at} 0.00] 436, 1897] 738) 4.53 Spurious stop rT) og} 3237] 9921] 34.66] 21.95} 20] 2021 760 at} 11 489} 15082) 52.97] 31.72 oration +} 000} 5.19] 2207) asi} 3.14 so] so] 5 it] oo) 9.93] at.62] 15.93) 4.53) Degraded 35'| 2029] 10.01] 23293] 6455] 10975] 37.0) 20/ 403/250. 3st] 4231] 166.28) 357.22] 100.07] 158.60] Erratic output vr] 024 333] 953) ang) 3.1 | | z at} 00] 436] 1897] 7.38] 483] Exteral leakage - Process, 1] o24 333, 953) ang) a. -| 630] 680] 680) medium it} 000] 436] 1397] 7.38) 4.83 Exomalieakage- Utity medium] —17°| 1908) $090) 95.18 23.5] 53.31] a7.0] 20) 372) 178.0) at] 923} 8763] 23073) 7289) 77.03 Minor n service problems ye ee) ee) el ad it] ooo] © 4.36 18.97] 7.38) 453 omer a} 496] 23.81] 54.28] 15.82] 2509] | 30 160} 600 at{ 867 37.20, 8204] 23.38) 36.25] Overheating yt] 024 333] 953] 31g) 3. : tt} oof 436, 18.97] 7.38] 483} Parameter deviation a] o2a} 3.33] 983) ata) a. | | it} 000) 4.36) 18.97] 7.38) 453) | Srucural deficiency 3] oo] ios] 46.54) 18.03) 9.41 20] 230) 230) atl 005) 12.74) © 49.04 18.08) 13.59) eration 2| oof 714 2870) 10.78) 6.27 2500) 2500, 250.0 at} 023] 878] 25.84] 9.35] 906] Incipient sz] 07a] 192.25 729.04] 268.80] 163.05] -| 20] 18.4] 10809) s2t| 224] 24456) 811.02] 296.87] 235.63] Comments (cong © OREDA.OREDA-2002 191 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Them 3.14 Machinery Pumps Corertugol Condensate processing Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hours) No of demands 15 4 Calendar time * ‘Operational time F 834 0.3189 0.2207 Failure mode Wo of Failure rate (per 10" hours). ‘Rative [__ Repair (manhours) faiures| Lower [| Mean | Upper [ SD_[ of | rep.iws | Min | Mean | Max Ronermal nsrarert reading 307] 1.07] 118.26 38284) 143.86) 9407] | 20) 157} 1080] sot] 564] 15908) 480.77} 16434) 135.94 Eneral leakage Process 4} ooo} 1443] 63.98) 25.20) 1254 : 5 medium at] oo 1681) 6922) 2639) 18:3} Manor r-service robles | ooo} 32.35) 150.26] 60.77] 2822 | 160] 325} 520) st] 00} 35.47) 165.41) 67.09) 40.78 orner 3} 146] 833] 19.84) 593] gat | 30} 203] 480) 3t] 005] 12.721 48.86) 17.99] 13.89) Parameter deviation z] oo] 714 2870] 10.76) 6.27 40} 50] 80 2023] 7a] 2584) 9.35] 9.06) Seucural deficerey 1] 024 333] 93/3143. | at} 000] 436) 1ag7] 7.38) 53 Vibaion 3} oor} 1081] 45.54) 18.03] 981 -| 10} 263) 400 3H aos} 12.74] 4904) 18.08) 13.59) Unknown s| 31] 117] 4028 194) 15.468 | 20] 64] 20) st] 22a] 3002] 95.56) 28.11) 2266 ter 1] 024 3.33] ga! 3t4f 3. | 10] 120] 129) tt{ 000) 436] ©1897] 7.28 4.53] Unknown a} 034 1460] 4492] 15.76) 1254 | 20) so} 6a} 4] 039 zeni] 80.57] 32.29) 18:13} All modes sos] 315i] 407si] 115540] 378276 zs| 20| 278] 2500) soot] 97:99] 595.24] 1479.27| 453.84 [Comments [On demand probabity for consequence class: Cetical and fare mode: Failto start on demand = 1.2 10% @ OREDAOREDA-2002 192 OREDA-2002 [Taxonomy no tem H31.5 Machinery Pumps Cenrtga Cooting systoms Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) Wo of demands % 2 Calendar time Operational time T 160 04729 0.4276 Failure mode Wo of Failure rate (per 10° hours). ‘ative [__ Repair (manhours) faitures| Lower [ Mean | Upper [ SD | n/t_| reptws | Min | Mean | Max Critical ZT ose} saz} tai] aa] za] Aa] 40] aol (1220 zt} 04s} 7.342163] 7.19] 48 Fal to star on demand rr] oo} 1.92} sg7|_z1r]_ at] 4a] 40] ao}, itl ons! 215) 64) 234) 234) Noise 1} oor} 400] 15.41] 68] 2.11 re20| 1220 1220) it] 002) 734] = zag2} 10.77} 2.34) | +] oo 192) 587] zat], at] 20] 2020) tt] 00s] 28] 64) 234] 234 | Abnarmal inssumentreaing 1+] oo] 192) 597) 21) att} 20], 20] 20) 20) it} 005) 2.5] 864) 234] 234] All modes | 195} 663] 1357] 366) 6.34) 30] 20) az] 122.0 3t| oa 95] 2453) 7.92] 7.02 [Comments [On demand probabilty for consequence clas: Crticol and faire mode! Failto tat on demand = 0.0 10° © OREDAOREDA-2002 193 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no Item 1316 Machinery Pumps: Connitugal Crude of handing Population | installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) No of demands: " 3 Calendar time ™ Operational ine * 750 0.3596 0.2235 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 10° hours) ‘ative | __Repair (manhours) Lower | Mean | Ups ‘SD_[_ ah | reptws | win | Mean [Max Critical 7063] 49.27) 918i! 2283 4726[ 43] 10/63. 2310) 4953] 71.17] 109.79] 18.44] 76.05) Breakdown on $7] 1293) 393] 5.56 | 220} sro] s204 137] 855) 2085) 6.33] 95 External leakage - Process, 3| 067} 7.42} 20.49] 66] 8.3 s60| g07| 14a] medium at} a2 vza3] ari] 13.49) 13.42 Exerialleakage- Jtity medium] —1*] 002) 283] 892) 3.29) 2.78) sao} sao] 540) ttl oe] 417] 16.06) 592) 4.07 ‘Spurious sop 8] m7} 22.36] 3668] 787] 2225] 43] 10] 22.980 st] 17563] 35.59] 58.64 1265) 35.79 Viertion x] 007] 17.19] 66.06) 24.34] 8.34 | 70} 1817] 231.0 at] o.09{ 25.80] 100.05] 37.02) 13.42 Degraded si-| 4742] 176.59] 37282| 103.08] 141.84) 26.1] 20/443} 210.0) sit] 7724] 276.56] 576.35, 157.81] 228.15) | Abnermal instrument reading s| 485] 13.15] 24.76) 622] 1391] = Go} Go] ana] 0 st} gaol} 21.23] 43.11] 11.56) 22.37] Erratic ouput 6] 0.15} 36.12} 136.17] 50.23) 16.69} Bo] 123) 240 st] o2i} 54.25] 207.98] 76.61) 26.84 Emermal leakage -Process 10'| 0.02) 2089) 86.60] 3293] 27.81 200} 539) 1000) media rot] 0.02} 36.35) 154.26) 59.41] 44.73] Extomnalleakage -Utity medium] 8.27] 2694) 5434) 14.50 25.03] © 40) 2.0 280) st] 12.79 43.68] agi] 2424) 40.26 cern ieakage 2| 0.03] ro.9o] 42.37 15.69] 5.56) | 160} 200] 240) 2] 005] 1638, 64.06] 23.79) 8.95 Low output | oot} 472] 18.72] 699) 2.78 rol 120) 120 at} 0.02] 7.09] 28.03] 10.45) 4.47 Minor in-service problems rr] 0.02} 253] 892] 32e) 2.78 180] 180] 180 at} 002] 4716.05] 592) 4.07 ter as] 35] 1173} 2476] 685) 11.12) 17.0 Bo] 563) 1280) atl 617] 1834] 35.74] 9.26) 17.89 Overneating | 350} 11.02} 2195) 580] 11.12] 48.0] 380] © 698) 1040) at] 569] 17.37] 34.20) 895) 17.89 iration s| 205] 3a67} 115.11] 38.37] 2503] 16.3) 180) 796) 2100) st] 315] 52.47] 17051] 56.78) 40.26 Incipient a1] 150.29] 24790] 365,30) 65.92] 253.08] 13:3) 1.0] 176] 720) sit] 301.67] 398.33] 506.06] 62.31] 407.09 | Abnormal intumentreacing ze'| 5597] 7851] 10417] 14.72} 7787} «= 6.1] 1.0] 18] —309 zat] 99.52] 125.76) 167.06] 23.67] 12526 External leakage - Process 13] oor] 2662] 113.78] 43:96] © 36:15] $2.0] 200) 41.8} 720 medum ast] oo] 4664) 202.84) 78.85] 58.16] (Comments (con © OREDAOREDA-2002 194 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no hem 1318 Machinery Pumps Coniéugal Crude ot handing Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hours) Wo of demands " 3 Calendar time * Operational time * 750 0.3596 0.2235 Failure mode No of Failure rate (per 10* hours). ‘Rative |__ Repair (manhours) faitures[ Lower | Mean | Upper [| SD | alt _| rep.tws |Win | Mean | Max Tnervalieakage-Utity medium] —16"| 13.38] 4362/8803) 234s) aso] = 50. 20[ T2580] aet| 3241] 6926) 117.31] 26.26] 71.58 Minor in-service problems zz} 12e| eat] 20651] 73.22) orr8{ 63}, 10] 1.7] 33 zat! 305) 9825] 298.37] 102.88) 98.42] ter 5| 1.29} 1308] 35.48] 1140) 139] 45] 40) 145] 360 stl 262] 20.80] 5339) 1665) 22.37 Parameter deviation 1] ooo] 280-1156) 439) «= 2.78] 20) 30) 30) at] oon] 425] 16993) B37 Unknown 4) oa 9.37] 2958) 1060) 11.12) 453) Bo] 385] 700) at] oof 1564) 54.83] 2024 17.8 Viexation 21 ona 56x 1733) 115.56) 45) 40] 11.0180} 2} 07} 854] 23.75] 7.68) 8.95] [Unknown zon] sa] tes] v20| 300} 480 at} 137) 5] 20.85] Ore tr] oo 25s) age] aq] 28 reo] 129} 120 it] 002 417] 16.05] 592) 4.7 Unknown 1] 002} 253] ag] 320) 278 -| 430] 430] a8 tt] 00a] 4.7] 16.06) 5.92) 4.47} All modes: rer'| 38261] 456.58] 535.97] 4667] 447.76] 149] 1.0) 31) 231.0 aeit| 549.77] 735.77] 944.04] 12023] 72023] ‘Comments On demand probabity for consequence class: Crtical and falre mode: Failto start on demand = 0.0 10° @ OREDAOREDA-2002 195, OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 1ai7 Mactinery Panos Contgat Emergency power Population | Irstallatons ‘Aggregated tine in service (10* hours) No of demands . 1 Calendar time * Operational time * 00613 0512 Failure mode Woof Failure rate (per 1% hours). ‘ave ir (manhours) atures | Tower | Mean | Upper [SO [nit ropivs | Win | Mean | Max Al modes ool) rai cost) nie] 2 G0e) eee eee of 0.03) a1 31.15] 11.47} 0.00) [Comments @OREDAOREDA-2002 196 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item n318 Machinery Pumps Confugat Flare vert & bow down Population | Tnstalations ‘Aggregated tne in service (10 hours) No of demands 4 1 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 0.1971 0.1460 Faire mode Woof Faure rat (per 10¢ hour) Tete | Repair (manhours] {failures | Lower | Mean_| Upper SD nit __| rep.hrs | Min_| Mean Max_ evict +] ozs 507] 2408] S| 5.07] 250) 25.0] sa] t 0.34) 6.85] 32.50} 6.85) 6.85) Emoral leakage - Process +} 025 507] 2408| 5.07] 507] 250) 250] 250} 250) | medium 1 0.34] 6.85) 32.50] 6.85] 6.85] A modes 1] 025] 507] 2408| 07] 5.07] 250) 25.0) 250) 25.0 1 0.34) 6.85] 32.50] 6.85] 6.85} Comments © OREDAOREDA-2002 197 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item 1319 Machinery Pumps onrtogat as pocessing Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hours) No of demands: 6 3 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 158 07360 otal Faire mode No of Faire rate (per 10* hours). Tvs |_ Repair (manhours) failure Lower |_Mean_| Upper Sd nit_| rep.hrs | Min_| Mean Max Cried 5] 002 aso] 190sa] 7437] saul tal 1022] 780) at 0.01] 48.01) 214.94) 85.06] 45.30) Breakdown s| oor] ace] 3393] t302] 679] to] 140] 202} 320) st 0.01} 9.25} 38.61 14.74) 8.09} Exoral stage - Process | oo} 32] 192) anf 272) 23} rao] ats} 370 medium a 0.03] 3.79] 12.99) 4.19) 3.24) Fxemaleekage-Uunymedum) | oi] 6] 41.3] 1587815] ©5820 18780) et 0.01) 11.00} 46.76) 18.02 any Fait ston demnd z} oni] 32x] ing] 4a] 27a] a0)] 30) as] zt 0.03) 3.79) 12,99) 4.79] 3.24) Felt sop on domand 1+ on] 14} 6] 139], 1.35] 30] 30/30) 3 tt 0.15} 1.18) 4.97} 1.62) 1.62] Parameter ceviton vr] ona) ras] ate] 138138] 4a) 40] to} tt 0.15] 1.78) 4.37) 1.62) 1,62| Sputous sop | oat sa weer] sas] 5x] 3o] to] 33] So at 0.91) 6.93] 12.61) 5.49] 6.47] Sct loncy x| oor] 808] 3393] 130 679] 149) 00] 298 st) st 0.01} 9.25) 38.67 14.74) 8.09] ereton x} co] az] 1192] safe] 258] S00] sto] sa z 0.03} 3.19) 12.99) 479) 3.24) Degraded ar| oor] sae] 26292) 10297] so27]_ 48) 20/9] asa) _ 0,00] 64.08) 296.16) 119.32} 59.86) Eternal ieakage Process s*| oot] a0} 3393] 1302] 67o] 52] so] Hal 2a ‘medium st 0.01} 9.25} 38.61 14.14) 8.09] Extemalieskage-Uity medi] 10°] coi! 16.02] 6890} 2725) 1359] © 42] 20) 83] 390 i0t 0.00} 7.92] 79.11) 31 16.18] Noise +] oa] 149 ate] 138, 135] 30] 60] 60] t 0.15) 1.78] 4.97) 1.62} 1.62} Parameter dovitn ani] 64] 2674] 1016] 543.23] 20) 30] at 0.01] 7.41) 30.35] 11.45} 6.47} Struct decterey e| oor) 1284 5555] 2159] 1087] a2} 30 142] 450 at 0.01} 14.47 63.09] 2457) 12.94) \raton | coil r44s} 62.77] zaaa] 1223] 43 4a} as] ta gt 0.00] 16.20] nr 27.64) 14.56) incipient ww] aro) 2547] 96.95) 2201] 2174) as] 10] 180) 179 16° 0.38) 30.99) 99.82) 36.18] 25.88) ocomalinsrurertresdng | 11°] 002] 1648) 6872] 2596) 1495) 3.7] 10] 48} at] 0.03) 19.06} 77.69) 29.37|— 17.80! Exerralleakage-tUity modu} 11] ooo] 12] 3aaf 137] 136, 160) 1790) 1790) 1790) rt] ooo] ie] ass] 162) 1.6 omments (cot) @OREDAOREDA-2002 198, OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 1319 Macrinery Pures Contiuge Gas processing Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) No of demands 26 3 Calendar tie ™ ‘Operational ime T 158 0.7360 6181 ure mode Woot Faire rate (por 10° hours) ‘ative [__ Repair (manhours] aitures| Lower [Mean | Upper [| SD | ah | reps | Min | Mean | Max Niner e-senice probions FL oof 32] Tey aay _—27e)’—o] 230) 2| 00s} 329 1299] 479) 3.24 Noise x} oor] 242} 9.62] 3.60) 1.36] Bo} 460] 48.0) 60 1*| aoe} S00] 1839 71.62 ication vr] 01a] tas] at] 136) 136] 40) to] aa] at} 015} ef 7] 162] 1.82 |All modes 81} 006] 127.76, 549.81 i906] 7.3] 10] 160] 1790 ait] oq) 141.62} 62244] 243.89] 131.04] [Comments (On demand probatity for consequence class: Critical and failure mode: Falto tar on demand = 0.0 10% © OREDAOREDA-2002 199 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 13110 Machinary Pus Conta Gas production Population | installations ‘Aggregated time inservice (10° hours) No of demands 1 1 Calendar ime™ Operational ime 0.0306 0.0306, Failure node Woof ure rate (per 10° hours). ‘ative [___Repaie(manhours) faitwes| Lower | Mean | Upper [SD [ni | rop.tws | Min | Mean | Max All modes 0] 006} 1425] 5472] 20.15] 0.00) ce | : ot] 006) 16.12] 61.90] 22.80) 0.00) [Comments © OREDAOREDA-2002 200 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 134.11 Machinery Purnps Cortrtogal Gas weatment Population | Installations "Aggregated time in service (10° hours) Wo of demands 2 4 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 214 0.1927 0723 Failure mode Noof Failure rate (per 10¢ hours). ative {manhours) {taitwres| Lower | Mean | Upper [ SD [nit _| repts | Min_| Mean [Max Incipient ry] ooo] 475) 204 815) 5.19) -| 400) 40.0) 400) at) os} 1275] aazt] 1631] 13.83) Noise 1] ooo 475) 2083] ats] 19 400] 400] 400 a| 008) 1275] 4421] 1631] 13.83] Unknown 1] oo} 5.03] 23.46] 9.51] 5.19) -| 290] 230] 200 it] 005] 13.33] 51.51] 1903) 13.83 Exemalleakage-Utity medium] 1" 0.00503 2346) Si 5.9) 20/290] 230) it] 005] 13.33) sin) 1903 13083 At modes z| 034 99] 2094] 10.26) 10.38 -| 290) 345) 40) at] a7] 264s] 66.49) 2052) 27.67 [Comments On demand probability for consequence class: Crtical and fare mode: Fait start on demand = 0.0 10! © OREDAOREDA-2002 201 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no item naar Machinery Pumps Conia! Heating medium Population | Instalatons ‘Aggregated time in service (10* hows) To of demands 3 5 Calendar time * Operational time * 2 0.3522 07933, Wo of Failure rate (per 10* hours) ‘Retive [__ Repair (manhours) tates [Tower [Mean | Upper [ $0 | mA _| repihrs | Min | Mean | Max rial TP at} 1973] aeoi] 1455] 1907] 18] 20] 233] Tt 3.62] (24.45) 60.16] 18.64) 23.87) External leskage- Process x] an] 900, 26] toa} 852) 158] 50] sno] aa medium: 3t 0.78} 10.68) 30.53] 10.04) 10.23] Excomal eakage-Utity medium] 2" .00]- 5.51) 23.16 «8.7| S68] 15.3) 710) 30.8 5A a] o3af 729 21.73) 7.25) 82 Feito star on demand x] o2i| 3.00] ai] 2a age] = 20) 20] 20) atl ooo 3:72} 17.76) 7.30) 3.41 Spurious sop x} coi} 245} = ge] 3g 28a] 35] to} 70) rt} 04 = 298, = 9.47] 3a] 3.01 Degraded | 0.90] 1273) 56.47] 22.25 1987/68] 40 10 it} 906] 1553] 59.58) 2194) 23.87 Structural decency 4] 024] gaa} 26.98 9:38] 1.26] §=— 9.8), 50) 18.3310} at] 332} 1192 248) 6a] 13.64 veraton 3| 16a] 7.55] t7.90] 492] 882] 23] ao} 47] at} 005) 7.68] 26.84) 9.91) 10.23 Incipient za} 04s} 4208] 137.73] 50.22] 56.78] 7.8] 10 To. 2ot| 1.81] 5495) 166-49] 57.18] 68.20 Abnormal instrument reading 15'| 0.00) 26.79) 12088, 48.00) 4289] 49) 10) 7.1) 380 rst] 005] 33.19] 13385) 50.21] 51.15] Exemalleskage-Utlty medium} —2*-«08e) 6.37) 16.22) «$04 = 5.68 30.5) 820) 61.0] 700} 2] ore © 9.74] 3061] 1094 6.82 Minor in-service aoblems 2] 02 = 4a] 17.28] 6.38] S68] 1.0) 1.0] 10], 2] 00s] © 548] 1807] 60] 6.82 Noise v} oor} 335] 13.05) 484] 284 lee wt} ooo 653] aa.t4] 1151) 3.47 |All modes 3] 138] 7221] 22464) 79.68} 96.53] 83] 1.0] 15.0] 7000 sat] 720) 92.14] 260.69] 85.40) _ 115.04 (Comments on demand protabilty for consequence lass: Cical and fare mode: ailto start on demand = 0.0 10% @ OREDAOREDA-2002 202 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no tem 131.13 Machinery Pures Centtugal, Materials handing Population | Installations ‘Aggregated time in service (10° hours) No of demands 3 1 Calendar time * ‘Operational time * 0.0919 0.0919 Woof Failure rate (per 10° hours) faites | Lower | Mean [Upper [SD [nike AN modes | oa} ss) 992] 7.34] .00} | 5 7 z ot] 02] 542} 2am] 7.66) 0.00 [Comments @OREDAOREDA-2002 203 OREDA-2002 Taxonomy no em 13.14 Machinery Pumps Cntstogal Oil export Population | Installations ‘Aggregated tine in service (10° hours) Wo of demands 2» 6 Calendar time ™ ‘Operational time T 1430 0.6575 0.5886. Failure mode Woof Failure rate (per 10* hours). “Retive |__ Repair (manhours) failures | Lower | Mean | Upper SD nit__| rephrs | Min | Mean Max Critical 84° 4.19] 183.60] 565.36] 198.57] 127.75) §3.3| 1.0) 65.2| 734.0 at 6.06) 204.98] 623.64) 215.67} | 142.72| Breakdown x] ooo] 5.08] 2427] 9.97) 456] 347] 30] 683} 1320

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