Terminologies for compiling and encoding

and executing a program

 A compiler is a special kind of program: it is a program that builds other programs.
 An interpreted language is interpreted (by, not surprisingly, a program called an
interpreter) and its actions performed immediately.
 The compile time is the total time it takes a compiler to compile code into a program
that can be run by the computer.
 Compilation is the process the computer takes to convert a high-level programming
language into a machine language that the computer can understand.
 Encode means to change something into a programming code. For instance,
changing a letter into the binary code for that letter or changing an analog sound into
a digital file.
 Execute and execution are terms that describe the process of running a computer
software program or command.
 An executable file is a file that is used to perform various functions or operations on a
computer. Unlike a data file, an executable file cannot be read because it's
compiled.
 A data file is any file that contains information, but not code; it is only meant to be
read or viewed and not executed.
 Absolute coding is a method of computer programming where the writer uses
absolute instead of indirect addressing.
 A one-pass compiler is a software compiler that processes the source code only once.
 Software compiler that may pass through source code multiple times. Multi-pass
compilers are slower, but much more efficient when compiling.

Conversion Character
%c Single character
%d Signed decimal integer (int)
%e Signed floating-point value in E notation
%f Signed floating-point value (float)
%g Signed value in %e or %f format, whichever is shorter
%i Signed decimal integer (int)
%o Unsigned octal (base 8) integer (int)
%s String of text
%u Unsigned decimal integer (int)
%x Unsigned hexadecimal (base 16) integer (int)
%% (percent character)