9115/2019 Components Parts of a Bridge - Concrete and Steel Bridges Parts May Me Constructor (pttpsrtneconstructor.org/ Civil Engineering Home Components Parts of a Bridge — Concrete and : Bridges Parts and Details Various components and parts of a bridge such as superstructure, substructure, bearings of bridges, their types, importance, functions are discussed. Basic Components and Parts of Bridge Structures The bridge structure consists of the following components: 1. Superstructure or decking component 2. Bearings 3, Substructure Components Foundation Fig: Semi-Through Section of a Concrete Slab Road Bridge hitps:itheconsiructororg/structures/components-of-bridges-concrote-saol7808! 19‘ansrzota ‘Components Pars ofa Bridge - Concrete and Steel Bridges Parts, Superstructure Components of Bridges The superstructure of the bridge structure consists of deck slab, girder, truss etc. These com the type of bridge (whether concrete or steel or composite), Superstructure of the bridge be over it. This helps in transmitting the forces formed by the loads to the below substructures Decks The decking is considered as the road or the rail surface of the bridge. The decks are suppo) the huge beams that is in turn supported by the piers. The whole arrangement is supported foundation mainly piles and cap arrangement. Bearings in Bridges The loads received by the decks are properly and safely transmitted to the substructure wit These are components of bridge that enables even distribution of load on the substructure } transmission is very essential in situations where the substructure is not designed to take tl hitps:theconstructororg/structuresicomponents-of-bridges-concrete-steel/17806) 299115/2019 Components Parts of a Bridge - Concrete and Steel Bridges Parts The bearings in bridges allows the longitudinal movement of the girders. This movement is forces acting on the longitudinal direction. The forces due to the moving loads and the vari: are the main causes for longitudinal forces. The selection of bearing is dependent on certain parameters, which are: Loads acting, the ¢ maintenance, the clearance available, the displacement, rotation and deflection policy, avai the designer, the construction tolerances, and the cost criteria. For the bridge design, all the above-mentioned aspect is considered for the design and the c designer must consider the bearing arrangement in the bridge construction as a separate sy In most of construction practice, the bearing is selected or the decision for bearing is done i results in increase of maintenance in the future, which must be avoided. Substructure Components of Bridges The components involved in substructure of bridges are: 1. Piers 2. Abutments 3. Wing Walls and the Returns 4, Foundation hitps:theconstructororg/structuresicomponents-of-bridges-concrete-steel/17806) 389115/2019 Components Parts of a Bridge - Concrete and Steel Bridges Parts Piers The piers are vertical structures used to support deck or the bearings provided for load trar underground soil through foundation. These structures serve as supports for the bridge spz points. The pier structure has mainly two functions: 1. Load transmission to the Foundation 2. Resistance to the horizontal forces Most of the cases, piers are designed to resist the vertical loads alone. In areas which lie in t recommended to design the pier for lateral loads also. Most of the piers are constructed using concrete. Steel for the construction of pier is used in now. Use of composite columns ie. steel columns filled with concrete is used as new techno construction. The pier is a vertical member that resist the forces by means of shear mechanism. These for forces. The pier that consist of multiple columns are called as bent. Types of Piers in Bridge Construction hitps:theconstructor org/structuresicomponent-ot-bridges-concrete-seel!17806) 499115/2019 Components Parts of a Bridge - Concrete and Steel Bridges Parts There are different types of piers based on the structural connectivity, the shape of the secti configuration. * Based on the structural connectivity, the pier can be classified as monolithic or cantilev * Based on the shape of the section pier can be classified as solid or hollow, hexagonal, ri rectangular. * Based on the framing configuration the pier can be classified as single or multiple colum pier wall type. Abutments Abutments are vertical structures used to retain the earth behind the structure. The dead a) the bridge superstructure is supported by the bridge abutments. The abutments are also subjected to lateral pressures mainly from the approach embankm« the abutment is mainly dependent on the: «Type of abutment selected * The sequence of construction hitps:theconstructororg/structuresicomponents-of-bridges-concrete-steel/17806) 599115/2019 Components Parts of a Bridge - Concrete and Steel Bridges Parts The figure below shows the primary functions carried out by an abutment. Resist vertical loads from superstructure ee Resist horizontal loads from superstructure Fig: Abutments in Bridge Construction- Primary Functions ‘As seen from the above figure, the abutments have the design requirements similar to retai pier construction. The abutments are primarily designed to resists the overturning and slid the stability of the whole system. The special care has to be provided for the foundations of abutments. The abutment found the problems of differential settlement and excessive movements caused due to lateral forc The below figure shows the components of abutments. Backwall ‘Stem —— Footing — heel = Footing 7 Footing toe Fig: Abutments Components hitps:theconstrctor org/structuresicomponent-ot-bridges-concrete-seel!17806) 69115/2019 Components Parts of a Bridge - Concrete and Steel Bridges Parts Wing Walls and Returns Structures constructed as an extension of the abutments to retain the earth present in the a called wing walls. This portion will otherwise have a natural angle of repose. These are rete adjacent to the abutments. This wall can be constructed either integrally or independent wi The rear of the wall must consider three design loads while designing. This includes: « The earth pressure from the backfill + The surcharge from the live loads or the compacting plant © The hydraulic loads from the saturated soil conditions The stability of the wing wall is mainly based on its resistance against the active earth pres: elements of the bridges are hereby designed and constructed to resist the earth pressures a Parapets and Handrails/ Guard Rails or Curbs These components of bridges are not of structural importance, but provided for the safety c provided above the decks. This will help in prevention of the vehicle from falling off the bri body below or as a means for the separation of traffic streams. hitps:theconstructororg/structuresicomponents-of-bridges-concrete-steel/17806) 7199115/2019 Components Parts of a Bridge - Concrete and Steel Bridges Parts Foundation of Bridges Foundation are structures constructed to transmit the load from the piers, abutments, wing evenly on the strata. The foundation provided for bridge structures are deep in sufficient manner to avoid scour movement or to reduce the chances of undermining. Read More: hitps:theconstructororg/structuresicomponents-of-bridges-concrete-steel/17806) a9115/2019 Components Parts of a Bridge - Concrete and Steel Bridges Parts Types of Bridges Based on Span, Materials, Structures, Functions, Utility etc.. (https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/types-of-bridges/13195/) Planning for Bridge Construction including Sequence and Steps of Planning (https://theconstructor.org/structures/bridge-construction-planning/15656/) Types of Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems for Bridge Construction (https://theconstructor.org/construction/bridge-construction-prefabricated-concrete-system, Accelerated Bridge Construction -Features, Advantages and Sequence of Construction (https://theconstructor.org/structures/accelerated-bridge-construction/15732/) About Neenu Arjun (https://theconstructor.org/autho ° Neenu is a Civil and Structural Engineer and has experience in Design of Concrete and Steel Stru Editor and Partner at theconstructor.org. ©2019 The Constructor - Civil Engineering Home hitps:itheconsiructororg/structures/components-of-bridges-concrote-saol7808! ery