[NANCY TUANA, GENERAL EDITOR Thies cons of eel calenon of en oe erial ad oe revolute orn eminence etn of ser ues n che Weve plea rason, Deel othe work ‘asin pope each ne ean np cong teal ange ‘tn ope though and ereseneng he Joey appease ‘ow bing el by fom etc Already pbb ey ana, Fmt ren of Pa (1994) Marge Sons, Foi hacen of Sone de Ba (1998) Bonnie Hongo Femme aren of Hann Arend 1995) Pc aeons Fens ens of WF eg ibs Mei} Fk, emis ures of Mary Winac (196) Suan} Hel, Fomine eprcins ofNichl Focl(196) Nan | Holla el, Font neato las Dea (1997) ein May Scho, Fema rations Imaal Kae (1997) (Celene Leo ap Sta Wal oes oman of So aly Olver na ari eral ent evs of Fh ‘Nera (199) Mi Reel Glin snd Chie Mathew Seis eh, Fein netic of Ae Ra (939) Swan Bordo ed, emit cpt of Ret Decne (1989) Jalen S May, Femina eres of Pad Sar (198) Anne Jap ne, Fmt nts Sie Lia Hoagland an Many eye, ek, Ft nats a Bay (200) “inn Chae ed Fins pein Emma Lin (2001) ‘Nany | Halla nd Paria Hung, ie, ost eens of Mav Hedger O01) (Charen Has Seg oF ‘can Nor Scheman and Peg Cen, Fo Inara of Lag Wngrcn 200) rt Irth Dewey FEMINIST INTERPRETATIONS Ot LUDWIG WITTBENSTEIN tniren BY WAOM! SCHEMAN AND PEG O'CONKE unre SAE EASY PES EY Pa, PARSLTASeong ae es Core © 2002 Te Ra Arges Pel The Rowen SE ethene Re Sie Lent Pow sepa tng al tou! Woke fats nec eck sack stem en at Sed re Contents Acknowledgments Prefce Nay Tara Lis of Areviaone Invroction Na Schema Section IE The Subject of Philosophy ‘andthe Philosophical Subject Philosphy, Language and Weary Phas Hoey ‘Wingertein, Feminism, and the Eclsions of Philosophy Neny Boker Speskng Philosphy in the Voie f Another: Wigenei,ligay, sd the Inbertance of Mime Tin Cer ‘Wingenstcnin Feminist Philosophy: ‘Contrasting Visions Section What Do Fesinists Wane i a Epstemlogy? Ale Cn) 6EE" ——teO Making Mitake, Rendering Nonsense arid Moving Tow Uncertainty Ser lca Hoagland “Toca Lge Pies: Engerdering Watgestl's Tras Daniel Chen “The Mora Language Cae Swan Her “The Shor Life of Meaning Feminism ard Noniterion Jose Baten Section Ils Drawing Boundaries: Cateoron and Kinds ack co the Rogh Ground”: Witgerstein, seri snd Feri Methods Creda Hees Wagenscein Meet Theortng Fein Pde Lindeman Neon pat inthe Lange Game of Using Wargensteinian Methodology to Bhat the Meaning of Exel (Chine M, Koel Eleanor Rosch an the Development of Successive Wigenteinian Praga for Cope Scene Nal Bho ‘Section Vs Being Humane Agents and Subjects ‘Words and Work: Some Thoughts on the Signfianss of Wangan for Morland Foil Phlsor hy Sadik rad 9 195 Er as 29 » sig Do, Late Dos Uniamat Do Lalele Ee Be Do Tal Ae te Lae Comes Resin Sina. Chachi Tron Wigner ane be So Ta Fee Spinal Enes eborsh OF eater, Ouse ot Wags ata fe Proper Sabie Ine Farel Sith ection Vs Femina’ Ais New Player Nw Games wnaerteian Von) ad “Pasionte Detcnens Fae Conment fora Stunted Epieme ‘Wendy Le Lee Wrenn’ Reso Cura Reason RAC Bruce Ks tae Nate, Ecos (or hy Narre Cat Be Nariel) Reger Ral Monng to New Bors Tefen he Worl Maernng Language OST Peygorcnnr ibiogany Index Contours 305 m “4 3st 3 sl +55 0Acknowledgments “The cal for papers for this woume wen ui 1995, and the proces of Gling dhe volume has been taldeningly dew ou, something or srbich [ake fll responsiblity Is finally coming toa sucess en weve something for which che eponsibliy goes ene to my ovo, Peg O'Connor, whose pbilesopical acumen happy com bined wth ongansarsonal eficleney. Nany Tuan, che seis editor, a Sandy Thatcher, the editor at Fen State Prem hare been extremely ‘nll an herialy pater, as ae the conto despite thir om esunudable usation at not having thet work sce che light of dy. fm sre they all share my rata t0 Pep. The Inedton remains ‘sing, since unlike Reg, donot hae an ey in the vole; ad Love fer plop, aswell a 2 gractcal, Jeb a her teacher, then Aisertion perio, ad then pulesonhical colleague {have esmed ' gree del fom her abo the actsl social and pola poceses by ‘which language pees can slowly bur sgcaty change (ne ofthe consequences ofthe volume’ delay that the projet of| thinking Watgensein and feninm in these beth ae prose in wap that the slime sas meant eo romp. This developmen of couse, a welcome one: and while may make the pesent collection less rounding Jou ot make i es elevan, nor do the particular {sas ini hae esc conte to ongoing discussions. Thee i jst tore cut there aow for eeades who want to fll upon the poubiles tha voluce rics and explores The bloga Was utd os we ‘ste able ro make Ws thanks to Satan Pan, Linda Wayne, and Tanya Rodgues or det ork on camping i Te parca, one ofthe co tahutrs,Crewids Heyes, har publshl a book that expands om the ‘hemes of heresy here; Pe O'Connor simran a ok de to be publahed atthe tne te a ths vume, Open and Reus5 Anotsones oni reels thd em iat res nd Alice Cra and pet ed eal, fiugensicin, which, although not explicitly femi a seine alton be prea ae, TMH mis fea the University of Gothenburg for provide poe ela al teas ny reyoniy fr the gee ot avg dan ed Mr primary tae, wees, ges othe conto tothe ole {or the eff they have pu into writing and (repeatedly) rewriting thet aici ports cute chatttip, hloophy mre peal and Rete he ph mere Gara) eet dca ped cd is los lowe fr sro pment roi he tent saline into tur hoe w tea ee Nam Schema {me been one 1 wk with Nac Schema fr the las eleven anal sul albino en Fa fens a ‘& Significant, and her fingerprints can be seen on my thinking, Working ‘iron hep peed la a ek ae Op retd ‘of humor. “ ‘oe dans to Abr Melis a Jenny Sch, Gut who het mente bal oman Pe Connor Preface Nancy Twana Take ito your hands any history of philosophy tex. You wl nd com piled therein de "elas of modern pllowphy. Since these texts ae ten desne or nen anderradate lave, the editor likely fe fm inedictom in which che reader Is iformed that thee selections ‘epee the perennial quetors of loopy. The aden to ssume that she or et about to explore the tmeles whom ofthe greatest tind of Westen plalosphy. Noone calls tenon to deface tha the pilxopher ae sl men “Although women are omied fom the canons of philosophy, these ters inenbe the notre of woman, Sometimes the Rlloopher seek Aecty about woman, delineating her proper ele her abies and i shite, her Jor. Over time dhe mesage i iiec—a posing te turk hineing women's emotionality rationality, uneliliy. "This process of deincion occurs Jn far more sul ways when the eiral concepts of phloophy—rean an ie, hove charters ‘haar taken to define wes human ave ascot with rats hao fy slentied wih masculine "an of reason tus leah 1 onto or overcame eats Metied a feminine—ehe hay the emo tons, the passions then the realm of acionaliey wll be one reserved Primacy fo men, with yradping entrance wo thon ew women he a able of ascending thee femininity Feminist plosophers have beg to lok cially a the eanonied texts philosophy an have eonclaed hat he dincumes friar tne nor gender neutral Philosophical narratives do noe afer a unvesity penpective, be rather pile some experiences an bis over thes ‘These experiences and belie permeste all phileorhical theres whether they be aesthetic oF epscemoleical, moa or metaphysical. Yet, thie face hat ten eer neglected by those staying the teins ofsulouphy. Given the hisoryofeanon formation in Wesem piso the pepectve mot likely to be privileged that of uprerclas whe mules. Thi, toe uly mare ofthe impues fgeer bese pers tive that we reel dhe canon ith anton he way in ub pale phe’ asumpeions coneeming gender ate embeded witht the Aeon. This new erie, Re- Reading dhe Cann edit to foster his proces of reealaton. Fach volume wll fer fmt analyses ofthe theres ‘of selected phlowpher. Since Feminist piles se monoltey method or eaten, the ess are also selected tise the ait Fenpectivs within feminst cic and highlight some ofthe cone ‘ents within femina scholisip In hisses, frist lenses wl foci onthe canonical text ‘Wieser piloopy oth tho mitors who hae fen pte the tae onal canon, a8 wl as those philsopher whose wren have te recently gained atesion within the pllesopbicl comma. glance a the tof ohms ince eres wll eval a meine genet an the canon: Arend, Aristotle, de Bess Derrd, Dear, Foul Hegel, Hume, Kant, Locke, Marg, Mill Nicsehe, Pao, Ruma, Wit sensein, Woilsonccrat. There ae all ro few women Ince and those fw who do appeat have en ed only recently In centing thee secs is nt my intention to rectly the cuenta of puso ha ‘hough What i and is cence within the canon dung pttco- lachistoricl period isa result af many fics. Although no canonsaton of texts wl incl all philosophers, canoncton of tees that ex cla ll bt few women ca eller an accurste repent of the history of the dcipling a women ite Been phiksphrs since the tone prod | share wi many feminist philesehers and other philouphens wie ‘ng fom the mains of philosophy the concer tha the cure canon tzaon of philosophy be transformed. Alto I do not scope the ‘oston thi the curt cana Ie ers formed excel by oes relations, Io blew that thir canon represent nly aslete hetery ‘of the coiton I she the view of Michael Bae that “canon ae ot cence the loaton the ines, and hetero the sre fo cater representation lke anyother hegenone formation, they tase be cow ‘uly reproduced ano an ate continually contol ‘The proses of canon tasformation wll ute the recor oo ‘ext and ciel examination af she resus sich wees ae feo sn Abg with ihe pce ef weg ee ilo cryin nme mos Oe SS tate adn scan df arc at? O eet dah te sofas dowel cre Taeny douacl Semies os ecwel cme wane Cae en et erence Sh eat see hm Se eee meetin Seton ely whee ree oe om SET pote re ors npc me eStbshas fete sph eeepc sing etn nm at cn Ta orien nay Sac aha se he ores Sa asu one cies petri eaaeee cae eer eck valle contend he mein car eon sr en Pen (Boe MN,an ow oc Po PL REM RC RPP TP List of Abbreviations The Blue and Brown Books Car ar Vale On Cerne Phils Grammar Phin Ineapre Ronan on he Funan of Mahemas Rema on Cola Remar onde Poop of Pesca “Tracts Log Phonics ZeaOe Introduction Naomi Scheman tad gin Fpl an “This volume is shaped by the conviction oft coneibutos that Wit {rete and femine theories have mutaly inating ae seta "ely construc sings os to eich ether coniton thats nee (yer) widely shared by others ad that equerly seems, egal 0 ft rite and 9 Witgenmtenins baling # not penene, Mort abviowy, ‘Wiegensceins wie known as someone who did not ch ike women (apparent exceptions to ths Jlike, notably Eleabeth Anscombe, were ‘othe tres 30 presi exceptions that proved the ue). Whats more Important, i seams at laste to make an allancebeeween someone ‘ho ungerus to bring our words bak home to thes dinar wes lenving ‘resting tt recognising tha sour agreements a pgments and fous fife hat poral telly, nd those whose eo akLLL Te the commongis ey io pcloma nl Saray, Fer femins theores, Wien rtgestin sugzeses respons 9 che oem inmobising cas between mer, Enightenmen modes taney sa postmodern challenges to them, chillenges that can seer ee tering and incracning For Wrote ther sages ‘Soc te no wel tum hin to oka he Sil ber Srey orm” Fhilspe,wth nema pblee and eos See the dene wah decid peop ta em rile. hen fine oy nr fe tlw (he we co, eh {he tr of ha deve red yal nc espn ar he Steno pwc! he ef oe the wr of fetlne and’ mete or Ped he seca sper of en Eni (loath whar weeding he the ngwpehe e tring and he wos tht we acting at he gmetad he auc peume he Kc he ice he ens acu Steuer) on hot Wirgestein nan cae hr trident mil oo cleus nts cena oe Shrcoreste “he eed ota eck lng wher sil leg cieteniolemty reson pune heuer ely ‘Ss hence socom nce contraction te Lown weld ‘Arte anole Btn Me we sea he power se dco re tht wr ror ech ounce ming fo Herein ene ta rial ome een hog ee ke iraq brie ky: ev me cop inten eo dng we ‘Cates i gore we expe iron uch ote cml ofr Songer Wigton ta aero eat wb Sling guage bsnl the een eet eae caharation hat we enlthe wap hich tin ev ge Een nly in one 0 ee noe henge wo a shh ctr wns A port of cena betveon Wage Insane sit eine thning sched rare the meee im cic bcmeting we dnt meting we singly Sacre oo sh brary we ld jut wll do iene ae sandr whch me mish jae tat me dng ol ly The emi tess one othe, sah ov he nts vl, tay ince wo Wiezeen theming se ve) se sethWinsrei soe the eran eases haan ac tea Homan Rony and» rl supcton ef hat een he pc cnr wher tole scons rth sap ec orth ce oan gratin x rceed by “ey ihe co Seon Sach oct dcr of cae sa aaceence a ley do he fr Wagner fmini bodcsa | feamgresive attention toward the cifing of # alia crue that deat need to claim for tel practise-transcendent oan iso i alo relevant or feminis, a for Watgenaesans in quesy- Ao the nate of phils. The rece sary tur i analy) pi les omar aking history era has llamnated hewaye in whic ‘the aprrently timeless and gence problems that have shape sen phlosey arose ou of he history pic need thre whorl become hours vidal; andthe tank of eine theo long thal those, nich spestcolonal, ec snd xt ce sean wh ‘eon from the diverse pespecie of moskmity's Olena ore tate the axis of our examination” araund whateer “real nee” ie merge tough these strug To the exten tha those Heatry eee ‘ments mark nek with, ater than» continuation othe soaps, tory projets and prises of modernity the historical mn oe ‘that unsettesphisphy’s concern of wha it problem se aed might be. Whale Wirgnstein surely did nce sare the ples of such Ubertory movements, he dil share a deep alienation fon in particle, the Europe of his dy, an alienation that makes tod toc to hae matte of acceptance of what me do” adhe srl peas fo uae te ou ens tat the problems of pisopy present tcmiches te uo independency of how we le our les Witeztcin and fein theos iy may not i oethercomtoraby, bu the shea reaper fr dr fort—tothaending to iad pradcing i sb we cn ean ge deal oth from the comfort each causes theater and om the daconfor ‘hey tether can cate bth to philosophy and to pala theory ad practice Th eas in this collection areal new ad many ate by pilonophers the eat sages oftheir carer Thre some previous wer eed ag the bibliog atthe end ofthe volume, that exp oon Wee senstcn and feminst hear as there ia sonewhon tore ete tes cure ning Wiryensten and Marvae theory There ate es discemibly Watgenstenianindences inthe work offen plows. ‘hen who do not mich cei, notably Marlyn rye atl Ses Rls & well as feminist implications to ee explicit femint dacs of ‘Wirgenstin, noah Core Deamorts The ReakteSpnt. Wits Phinophy, and dhe Min, ach of the wring of Seley Cael, sd ‘spec, Sabina Lobos Realm and Tnaghaton m Ehcr B sian chat lige rambo othe submisons that Leese ne sone t the call or papers for chs volume came with» covet tes tomtom § cegonng he author’ digo aman st ead en waye Tisecting emt ology vin snd sere eas Festi: Sch vending she Wlegencn oh ba ek Salen snl top prion play ely aod mk Sheets een lo me, le ce tng, Src aul mae i er ‘Romig hart compen the vst (92 Section I: The Subject of Philosophy and the Philosophical Subject serena eee bob eigenen Fes) Or wi vate, hat de ds of psp tbe lity wo Buletnchanecd pais atl Posbaecatameman whereas sea? es esis in Stn xe she wasn hich hePhlophica self constituted and contested in onder beter to unde. Stand Waegenstei' willed eal dsance fom the harsctent. Pl les anf demands thr self makes—and the fold thee problems nd demands can have even on thee fur wh are only marge oe pb ‘emariallyncided within che suppselyunenal we. Phyl Rooney anu Nancy Baker pone wo the ways in which the philosophies ‘onsite precisely bythe exclnonay fon of iscpinng that ge he to ts charactrinic problems Rooney examines he feminist char ‘eration of phalosophy as masculine though ying specteally the textual eonsiacion of ehe philosophical subject in expla tee hori comers to modes of thinking an Being that are coved emi hing. She draws cur atenten t the ule of metaphor i aacating & feof inquiry inthis philosophy. Bringing feminist cye to ead rhulosphy (inciting Watyensein) reveals particularly Berend [sc of the meraphors that help to comet arguments. In Rooney nals, gender emerges not aes subject of philosophy, but as dept ‘mpicate in the consraction of piles a (Supine) subject hence a relevant to Witter atenton what ging when specially philosophies! aencion. (patna. he sage) eager bea. Baker, dating, as Roney des, on the wok ofthe feminist philoso ther Michele Le Docu allrees the theme of exclusions pigs ‘out both in constituting the phlowphial voice a within phlosopieal dscusions—by contrasting wth Wittgenstein’ onions at we “yt bok" that we tera to diferences ad particulars and not sit ton hap bounds an clear dtnetione ate wl always be temped ‘odoin theartculaion of poialy we we Flowing Le Dos Boker rges hac the prablem withthe “diplning” of loopy oth its reqtement of denny and boendary-marking ino ater ofthe ‘clusion ofan already-exiing something (or exaple, women), But rather of omething’s ring crated bythe exclusion, aa seapegnt tat, hy its exciion, ges dentin to what exclded em At the end of heresy Baker speculates about the unendingness ofthe pos of uankng such moves gen the role they pli and ably wil ean tinue to ply in poltcallyeficackustheorng: What happens when we econ the tu hermeen political eeceivenes (hich cen toca for the wholehearted embrace of the cates that inform pole a sion) and explicit achnowledment of the provisional nature of those categories! Can we simultaneously “unsubline™ oor thought acknowledging concigency andor own agency ad enc, espos Sian rain wholes commited to Ubertary pen {he tame fhe vey poops we watch euch provanaly contin chink ut exinene! Th Cer cy reat th tp of hepsi tng eae and es questo shut pile we. He 0 ‘eee poser Heyes nr hereon of ntmapaking in the vs of enero ucts {eecoomy and cra, queen tat Crk anges Winget Coafntel nln the ley probleme) dion ei tender and Jews in Oto Wenge Sex and Cece Coker {Se ho diction of mimes co ade the diel ant for Wie fetes woul be ein, pl questions of Wages ackno- pd indeeinew eo, Wenner shoe. wring tin. morbly feeiaing wap ae Sent, homepobe and most What Som sucha debt can, Cake aka cecil ght of Winget ‘Serchingelentiqe and i oct, his chartering of i own tobe toon” in ther wl mint), eng ef egy {oni and his concer ith ring repo ronnie (ale ins hough langue? Section Il: Wittgensteinian Feminist Philosophy: Contrasting Visions [Thar tna eet lrg iat pitch fete angela pt of an ath ee re mab Wesco, Pai hss ‘Wingestin was deeply reBective about, and anguished by, he conte porary cltute of Europe. Those veectons an chat anguish have lide plicit pace inthe writing he prepared for publication, ade place Inthe broader conf i work cial to ancertai, na been nhac has come ale rou elect he jments of is executor, oncemingkoth what shoeld be published a all and how whats pub lithe fo he organized and frame, pdgments that have, forthe moet art, helped to shape a view of his work sr moe phlcwophlcally “dec lied" es enmeshed in Frade curl concer, than might awemerged fom emai preentities, Without tempting to ate to Wingestcnsrtemate viens suc mate of close atthe fo reson to sip he hel had an ee in developing esse iMlinating to ea is work sat the bac othe wed a he repaid fo the most part wih crng dee of decom, ae sco, adda: acing crown we te complicated het bse «an ck ain the light of his dacpiing of tenia cote ‘ithe dsciplin of hanes aw an fps make abl sg af that wel in pre yelping w cy wha alle sense eth ime 4 word et Is otf coe, lophing dae Witgnca o see something we daa frm of practice. He wanes we thik of ‘works tol nae ther meanings nr wes of them Tc ues see not meant athe coments os phlosphy fangues ee, a he in eal at dong, frmalting "ther of tein oe Bor he sing that words tls Rater, int face fe tng a Eerie sme they lngvge (erence rca, set, Wu, he wants o daw orate to ubat tne cea yw an shrek langage, tthe place langage n cur lce, Whst oe santo we lent the wl o's ney te theory, feo se Complex versity ofthe wasn hich Lingge ined ins fnes al the ipo ef exrsting mthaseinlteens node to dscorer i etna nature, ne posal ele i ation fom he contingencies of ot ead ans The iene goce Seth wom it mas no more see to cel ur euane suppl oe tthe ca ng hah wih ee Te ma ‘dons flanges and ange ue moy pclae indepen ses af eithes, but they donot peclce-"they rather fies enn bow. parce oes edo what we doa say whan sa aed Jao tht we can be eld ple for what oy al “Asteston pecially o what we do wth he tens me el aa writ, sad the teres we deep and deploy informs Ace ey ca oe ae for eartcultion rte than on sudonent of eye lah of he nigh gleaned fom cena orn practice Inc in pacar ex second-mme conciouncaing supe and he hulle owhitecentere emit snes y women fe) The “wide” unestandingof ej she mga for conte ih th sro,” tore othodoe concen, ia tens of peters 1c whch he ages hy ete yemmst ons Bur Cay ges tha we esi the cla chat “emit septic” tke to follow fom this retin: that nights soc acho se dcuwes can be speach ny through the lens ofthe particular experiences that ply give to therm Ths telat eston , Crary argues, bot poopy poblematic and plitcally impotent. One portant fief here Inst objective” approach i thatthe jsut of wath cai noe inte to dhse who share the experences om which the claims were cigialy be Sirah Hoagland takes fom Wisgerten 2 sharply contig view aout the cope theatre of fein arguments She anges however, fot for reli, but fr spat, that forthe ext den 0 Time the scope of one’s dscounerefsing ro engge with a dace tht claims for tl univenal cope we repesenting ttre ial 0 those of women. She ass questions aout wo speaks and portant, to and with whoa, in rato to apetealy lei spat, a| epizemoloekal state, one that foes, she agus, neon the eating, boundaries 21 marking dference (between leans oe women, at then) buon the complex and ule acuition of elerences wit 2 soce constricted wallow them, She draws on Wetgenstes engage ree ith Morea the sep ix On Cora to age fo the el es or feminist of the srs of exclusions in rermsof which sme remarks sre not mater bat meaningles- ot moves a all the deus [perme re ying Sach exclusion efor om arbi! hey are lays Polly sgnican, and canbe pola suber. ‘Stan Hetman sheer with Hoagland the conviction that tention © sho is nowing fom where, ad with what stake, cil rather than undemining oa wb enception of knowlege. Her partclar once with moral Enon lede, and she defer an secu oft hed fon Wigenseinsunderanding of language men hat connects nal ‘ices with penonhos in way tat shows her to be pore not “ontingenly and arbre prasad in contst wo Cray she argues thar morality cn be (is) seus in the ways needs to be or ‘stl of moa knowledge and to make sere of oe moral ies with ‘ut the preumption of single anowers or anscendnt grounding ta con testo Hoagland, however, on Heiman account there san incluso tee who share a etal pracie tha allows for sich a plurality of moral vices Daniel Caen’ nnreait synpathies come from ite diferent di rection and om enzagemene wih que deren: Waggenseiian exte epg atm ne te ealeon, th Wt frost bark taro Ts eh Seats Bosc emotes oe es tri tough oe a a ane gat Tegra reps inn cha ae eo ‘Seno cmoan fe ipa seme ae ee ttratolsiw grocer monly Gener nner ark o'er ea an cere canon Sete ed tera th in fhe aon int other gma icine} heme cae Date Been he ‘Wises meh echt Cimon m Seco Vie tn iw See ai consetssobncr ane ee seaiitwinmicgssinmlcuralmcen season eis Sh OComneaal omens ner ae crate textured oti apr ter cae cca ae Ieganand nee cy ere spon uty eka es sas cine emer ke ame onie ioe nts fall ine ees Se fea Wiel ag Has nese ne ks ‘Reel sad wer comm ngs ae the: She att Wisner ae tr fel anon th ssa a sean toms ake mn oe way hh dey eed ‘Sova common ig tn dete eg ian mr ome aye a Section Ill: Drawing Boundaries: Categories and Kinds dba ee dt ne a Teper won set eres a dra dementia enone ‘special purpose.) os "at ht agi en Cental what we Jo a aking nt fhe wold serting onthe catego nemo whch tit debe an expand nel = Inocion 1 eternining that something does cr docs not Klong to some particular ‘epey, Questions about plsopy abe scpinary) subject and the Giitverber a (ili) sabjet cha wee taken up im Section Tae TResamice! in the esas thir sccm arcund question concerning TPeowveal subets Gn oder word objects of sa). Sach sustons Mowe generat i to be'a woman and how ic Be decided i {ne particular peo sor nor one-—haneplajed central ols fm fine theoy. nin pooper in partcular have ted to accouns the tue of coegorsing in order to Bnd approaches that meet the reads fora concept of “woan’sufcierly stable and well defined to [pound a plial movement, bur suficenly exe and capacius not Dior the experences and prgetives of thoes whose name chat ‘aovement exits Witgenei's noon of family resemblance comesrt fio stuck smn thors ava usefl and laminating way of accommo” Ang these aparently conuadictoy demands. (Cress Heyes, n ber esa an ths section, extends such insights tavoush a Wingersteiian mediation on "woman" moving fom what [refered ton eminise theory a "the problem of diference"—which locaes that problem in the sburettheoetical apres ofclasica- fiom attention what wed ning, eng 0 me or peblemat- Ing the we ofthe rer woman particular, she rae ur attention the way in which the unmarking of contingency ad wadeheabliy can fess much an expression of paves can the unertcal deployinent cf ovely msn al docepiey gener tems. The constuction ofthe ‘ye eminem of political practic: ts something ‘re do ad need tobe ged a such, contest. Wingmen’ dcusions of family neemances, as well asthe pi ‘ote langinge neument, enable Hil Lindemann Nebon to chat a. {le ath between posmodern theoreti evasoas of defitonal fity Sind przmatic evasion of hoor nthe name of politcal eficacy. She Ses bath these ones a repens to the fal, on abandonment, of Sftempesto theo the esenee of gender and the suposed consequence ‘hatsocking anything ie an ence gender iso, real el seus theory tellus that gender ao eal Hse arguments go we can either ‘rponmodem and go withthe theory, tbe pragmatic ad eter ist theory oe acknowledge i and l-conscouly ae gender stately Neen sm to undermine this ma of oneeing the lsons of ant ‘eset I eical engagement with the work of Frist pix hee Joich Bless she sngwes fr taking serculy the rle-governadnature ofthe langue of gender, even a We ahold the ungound dae of thoe rls. aster mln Nelo ages thei sie ff modems demands fo fonda certainty and equal hl the pure om which Watgnstein would re we. ‘Chascine Koggel tums expt attentin to dhe plop question ‘felis vers pominais arguing that, while Watgestein sell real as oprosing realism about kinds, he oul one to comin fs (view hat he sequently, a kat impiety, red or scene holding). Though a dscusson ofthe concep of equity, Koes relates the interaction between dsepion and presegion, dering on Tan Hacking’ “dynamic nomial’ to moe sway fee the Hes thareithee we discover Kinds in che ate of he world or they ate "s™ !matterof how we speak abou the work. Rather, se ages catepr Ings crucial aspect of our engazing in and withthe worl enggere ns that help to shape the word as web ‘Questions about the seas ofthe dictions that we draw andthe ‘egies hat we use eee a serkinglydferent, though ox neces |W compile, reakment inthe es by Nalin! Dus. swing ot Aiferent sans in Wietgenstensdcuions, Bhushan is rvck by Wit sostin's appeal to nc itor, eo dhe amportance of what we act ally do, she distinction we actualy daw, dhe is we fad t natal vide che wold She connects his way of thinking shout catego thous necessary and suficent cnslton othe wotk of the pychol '¢Eleanor Rech fr Rosch and, Busha anges for Witter ht this sat what we donot whit, Becaute of the nur a el, we mst do—is not via nor dos mp that we might, lly might ddosomehing difrene She argues father that Watencn's appeal to “nar histr" nentonaly Mus te dtincion beeen ratte sd calure (theme picked upc in Rapert Rea’ ey in Seton V)- The ot that hing’ having ben his way (hit we sy and do wht we ‘So, that in general the fet of our ves ae they are) mates, hgh nothing dictates what chs matering shoul comet, and cers nth ings hac higs haw to continue i dhe same way: Her dss of Rosch ai aliows hero mask a2 misdiagnosis he chare exert ss made apis particular, white fein theorits who overseer lined about women tase on thet ove expenencee Essence ill neces sary and suficiene conditions for elas membership any a such ate ‘sully applicable wall member of he clas conta, Rosh’ dus son of ls frmation as governed aot by ewences ut by the “proto fs” acutely aes te lg of wt fo ei the Sbeninane group ke en experiences pomp and howe of thea ced only mfr they cert cere the poop, Shu hen monk a esl mag ins whe athe say inh tio he mporance of he spac sei namely “oa we Sa ‘St meen ant sof tle The nue of haters fe the plical—agng wt le topoaty fro ngage, eter than ating trp Realy, ane nae tlerentalvreatncy—io dhe cri —arging st sis the de fceary mer that ton cay aac eo the meogiton of wr oe ctoseroy gee Baal he abot ne, wh Wiech ha bed econ or oun tonal contingent conn oom we taro the wren beak feos ptr ter stat he pce oft ecopniton the Lf tia clan o reference and ath Section IV: Being Human: Agents and Subjects Ho could haan ere dec! Syl SNeching the rns ey ohms ey el aed ger Whee ein cr ln cu nega, teva tot throne man cng a nal Forth ol hrs a of aman to, he ahead “The mua mpiation ofc and persons i cnet for Wie few the ul te Th os age Teste (tea te johny che in or appteny sp thea woke and when comes to move comes waters othe sel Ser tty desc Ino, etn the completes of ‘She Une oenetteatyineronen with ow own THe exe sod tein ove ste meaning premedeelge in igh othe tte we ll comple at complies of ean, nt of ‘url connection we ae who nd how were ough our ens Wh cw smother an hah the prema of salience St nee that Smetinen emis ane seal the ol acre ofthe een Shey have gopoled withthe dulis sch + conception pe frLEE ___ those who would contest she ways in which people te made up Who, hat ard how are che sles that tage sch contesationa? What i 0 take reponnity for how we make one anoher up oro magne dng ieaierenty? ‘Waugensti's emphasis en the shared and the soil in Fequetiy led eo is being moread atx tehavons, a denying the ety le ance of ou nee lives denial he vepeately etry one eat reeds tena dino. What he want to block is the philsophict the ofthe nner, the demand tha there he «patil set of someting "a there” that fo example, es meaning or reference, omehing tat sean in need of and adit erection, that bea me ‘on is face, There he want ogra nothing that an play that oe cause the ole unplayable, noe iecme tht ests ob played or so take oureles and oo inne Tes ery Pat of such sevouines soles atten othe ways in which what ‘ai like ro he the sos of creatures we ate (what one might ell hasan ature) both shape and re shape bythe practices in whish we engage Fe the author in Seton IV, the elevance of Wigensten fr al ans plial discourse in paul lies inthe ways he can elp oto Undentand those dacoune and our pacption i hors ube of fxperence and ae actors What to bea polices or moral agent ‘What fr oral oe pial jalment eo have elaine ows? How «an we best hin abou the manure of subjectivity and wher view ofthe subjet makes sense of and els us arta cu lve apical stor? Jul Bator goes back to Hannah Pitkin’ cay tem ro daw smplicaions or pola theory fom Wiggensei, by stessing de wage in which moral and pola dco call on agent o poston them Seley, a embrace o repute demented practice, including in the ‘se ofthe politic tne hac conse the public we. Bra extends Prins sags the igh of more recent work tha probleme the be inespreed through the lens of particular pretices and agin the ckyround of parocularitrets ai concent very much of piece wth Winget’ temps, especially in the plosophy of mathe ic to get us ose hat apparently oral moves depend for tht ere ‘on our unecseanding dhe from inside a pariular pace. We go om like ths as im his example of etn the series sto") because thats what the rl tel fo do; but abate fom our pace the ale oss spect what count doing what lls ust, Only Beease we so on awe dois lt specially ar that che ele dcttes* Willams pare from Wigenten in excl doing oa atetion to ee ‘dons aboutus who we are and to how practices, and hence the under standing of ules, are shaped by shits in whowe experienc and perspectives inom that we. Section V: Feminism's Allies: New Players, New Games “These fain cae yan ale nthe mode Ie barman beg i cn oleh sk thubepcal ens care osha ached de thot and fie ths meine ety ‘Thnkfhe we ofthe marr pingo ensugig ‘eta setneney, td mand ene aged by ach ie tu fom Sone cane or ober ao ce deve robe ann he abo io “Leis Wert, Rs ‘Fmd Maher (One reson oie ven finding Wiegenein a unlikely lly fe ei rss the consent tha upped to low from his grounding utication in what we do and bis feted ington thie pulpy "leaves everything asf" But the problems tha come fe the ree ton of foundational picture of utfcaton and of acount of sec tivity thar abet fom the specie of rial Ioeston ate ones ‘common to feminist theoring ute independ of any explicit con ‘ection to Wittgenstein. Analyses f thse pictures and acount as robs Tematically masculnst have fxered central in feist epsemsoey as have dicuion of how, hing ejected chem, wo ake sense of end {are or omin claims. The need fran altematve tothe apres Fora choice betwee “lnk, Ma hands (hear) objet od polly reponse playful luli has shaped feminist theoran Tha the clet “ea aed ond chan lems, well a the co {etenes with which the prolens gee posed, makes these discuss toe laces ook for reafings of Wiegenstein that Jona prey hi “reomplacly aecepig ofa wold he 0 leary found deep robing- ‘Sch readings arin tur, wel in the ongoing cep eo arcuaze such mille path, especially once one acknowiedpes the imposlcy Fa quick theory: Ts oot at a philosophical mseake to think that ‘ihaurpctice-anacenene ground we are deprive of ean ses CFeonceps such ath or realty and sil take more than 9 eter thang to kee es fom veering berween demanding uch ground orc Ing the concep. ‘Wirgestt’s question in the Ivestians: "What gives the impr sion thet we want to deny something” has particular tesonance hee Many of the cits of cbt eatemolies and elt metapiss {re meming fo deny smething~the meanings of alk of truth oF (Fara word—and te with ped exon that many east, along with other who he oly veseny and sl rerun wo the rig 0 Feamong the who might prem he tat abou the eal wor, sould esuriciu feats thot sch tke meninges o, wore, there call sive Pers Wingestes’s most goat corution these {spurts eto show sich cli oe sil allo the pits they take themveles tobe Jenying, stl capued bythe though thar only Something that tamcended our pescets could make notions such 2 tra ar altel fly, rb meaning. To aly break the Tok of thowe picts wou be to give up both the demand and the rule response to the demands not bens mt “Think of the carton charscres who rm ome the ee of cif and fall only when they notice ta there sn longer any ground undereath thei feet Outside cartoons we fll whether we notice oe ots surely behooves ur to py atention to where we sand and ot to take as fund thon hat wil or bear the weight we would place on 1 Bye how to take this Levon i ot aly cleat ne might he repre to derive the Impostor one's nab eo walkon wate. Av ker tive atry ti when wat laming 9 walk need to be holding ‘nto wmething the edge ofa couch oan ad’ hand or, afer whi,Fstastik,Eogy-hae, fll dows, Ifa al ad pointed out ome thor wha I clutched ns, tnt, anconnestel to any ple wate of super. Ligh have fen might intend hae eld thot {wa scully, walking, without the support I had demanded ssa necessary eeainon. What Iwas doing whet walking unaided talsmani ek ‘The autor in Section V ake onthe guetion of how to underand such notion as tat, jsitcation, and objet in way ha eet the