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    Auto Bus Transfer3

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    Mujahid Ahmed Fadel
    auto

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    AUTOMATED BUS TRANSFER CONTROL FOR CRITICAL INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES Donald L. Hornak Beckwith Electric Co, Ine P.O. Box 2999 Largo, FL 34649-2999 Abstract ‘The techniques and methods for maintaining continuous electrical power to petroleum and chemical facilities from two or more utility feeders by an Automated Bus Transfer Logic Controller System are discussed. The purpose of this system is to reduce transients, torsional forces, inrush currents, and motor stress while maintaining continuous motor operation when the primary utility source experiences an interruption and the operating facility transfers the motor load to an alternative source of electrical supply. The economic considerations of maintaining continuity of production during power supply interruptions using a ‘Transfer Logic Controller to supervise bus transfers may be significant. The Relay System continuously monitors the alternative source, the oad bus and the normal source and performs the necessary logic for power supply bus transfers in two directions by automatically selecting from either the Fast, In-Phase or Residual Voltage ‘methods. ‘The engineering studies, application considerations, motor control design requirements, installation and operation of the automated bus transfer controller for a chemical facility are presented and discussed. ‘The present bus transfer methods are reviewed. The effectiveness of these methods using typical buses is discussed. The influence of bus voltage and phase angle characteristics during bus transfer for determining, the best transfer technique is also analyzed, |. Introduction ‘Typically, petroleum and chemical facilities have at least two available power sources for the auxiliary systems associated with each production facility. A \ypical facility is illustrated in the simplified one-line diagram of Figure 1. Normally both feeders are energized and carrying load. ‘While the production facility is operating normally, the power required by the auxiliary systems supporting the process would be supplied by Feeder 1. However, when Feeder I is taken out of service for maintenance or ‘must be disconnected to clear a transmission system or {generator fault, the process must be supplied from Feeder 2 by closing a bus tie circuit breaker. During these Donald W. Zipse FMC Corporation Engineering Services P.O. Box 8 Princeton, NJ 08543 periods, Feeder 2 must be connected to supply the power Fequirements of the process. This technique of exchanging power sources is commonly referred to as a bus transfer. FIGURE 1. SIMPLIFIED ONE-LINE DIAGRAM: ‘TYPICAL PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL FACILITIES FOR BUS TRANSFER DISCUSSION ‘Transfer to alternative power sources using high- speed relays is now possible due to the application of advanced technology to the design of phase angle and synchronizing relays, Relays are now available that can supervise transfer of auxiliary buses using synchronism check or automatic synchronizing functions. This raises the questions of which method should be used for each application and whether a common transfer method is available that will provide safe and reliable transfer for any motor bus. Bus transfer is complicated by the fact that each bus will have unique voltage and phase characteristics during, a transfer. These characteristics will depend on the types of loads supported by the bus. A petroleum or chemical facility will typically have several power supply feeders that provide electric power for the equipment. The CS transfer scheme chosen for each bus must be designed to be compatible with the individual bus characteristics ‘which will vary from bus to bus. ‘A shut-down, whether planned or emergency, should be as smooth as possible to avoid upsetting the [processes in operation at the time of shut-down. Most petroleum and chemical plants require that some portion ff the auxiliary loads continue to operate during and after shut-down. For example, in a boiler furnished with circulating pumps, the manufacturer may require that a number of the pumps continue operating during shut- down. ‘An unplanned or emergency shut-down can occur at any time and the bus transfer system should be designed to alleviate the operator of the responsibility of supervising the transfer. 4, Bus Transfer Problem The major problem with transfer of a motor load from one source of electrical supply to an alternate source of electrical supply is that stresses can result on the ‘machinery which are beyond its design capability. ‘The effects of a bus transfer on an induction motor can include abnormally high inrush currents and shaft torques depending on (a) the motor residual voltage ‘magnitude, (b) the phase angle between the motor residual voltage and the power supply voltage, and (c) the phase relationship between the oscillating shaft torque and transient electrical air gap torque, all at the time of re-energization. Multiple motor loads can also be subjected to the same high inrush currents and shaft torques during bus transfers. The magnitude will depend, however, on the combined residual voltages and phase angles of the motors connected to the common bus at the time of re-energization. In addition, the amount of energy transferred between machines during the “dead time” when the external voltage supply has been removed will affect the residual voltage and phase angle of each motor during transfer [5]. ‘M. Types of Bus Transter Bus transfer may be categorized as one of three general types, depending on the open circuit time required for the transfer: a. Parallel (Hot) Transfer i, Fast Transfer ©. Delayed Transfer 1. In-Phase 2. Residual To accomplish either Fast Transfer or Delayed Transfer major motors must remain connected to the system. 3-2 a. Parallel Transfer Parallel Transfer is a widely used method of transferring for process start-up and planned shut- downs. In this method, the start-up source breaker is closed before the normal source breaker is opened. This ‘method has gained wide acceptance because the transient fn the motor bus is eliminated, assuming the two sources are in phase. However, the bus system designed for this transfer method will usually violate the interrupt rating for the circuit breakers and the short-term withstand ratings of the normal and alternate source power transformers. A fault occurring during the time the sources are paralleled can overstress the components of the bus system and may cause damage to the generating ‘unit. The probability ofthis happening may be viewed as small; however, the consequences of such a fault should be thoroughly understood before the parallel transfer system is used. ‘During the time the two feeders are parallel, there ‘ean be a transfer of load current from one feeder to the ‘other. The rating of the buses and protective devices may not be capable of handling this transfer of current. This ‘could result in operations of the protective devices Parallel Transfer requires, at a minimum, a sync- check relay to ensure that the phase difference across the bus tie breaker is within acceptable limits prior to transfer. Without this permissive relay, a large phase angle would cause a power surge through the bus system that could cause severe damage to the bus system ‘components. b. East Transfer Fast Transfer involves opening the normal source breaker prior to closing the alternate breaker; thus avoiding the problems associated with Parallel Transfer. This method is intended to minimize the transfer time between sources. However, the bus must always be completely disconnected from both sources for a short period of time. ‘One typical Fast Transfer technique widely used in today’s systems involves issuing simultaneous trip and close commands to the normal and alternate source breaker respectively. Another method involves using a "6" contact from the normal breaker to close the alternate breaker. These systems in general use today are ‘unsupervised by phase angle relays and can subject the ‘motors to severe transient torques due to an out-of-phase condition. In addition, should the tripping breaker be abnormally slow, the Sources can be briefly paralleled introducing the problems of Parallel Transfer. ‘Ideally, supervision of the Fast Transfer requires a high-speed sync-check relay to ensure that the phase angle between the motor bus voltage and the station service source voltage is within acceptable limits prior to closing the alternate source breaker. Due to the dynamic nature of the phase angle during the open circuit period, the syne-check relay must be able to accurately determine the phase angle in the fastest possible time. A discussion, of the phase angle characteristic of the motor bus is included later in this paper. ©. Delayed Transfer Delayed Transfer comprises two distinct types of transfer: 1. In-Phage: In-Phase Transfer is essentially ahigh- speed automatic synchronization between the motor bus and the alternate source. The alternate source breaker ‘ust be closed so that the breaker contacts close at the time of zero phase angle. Using this technique, the voltage itference across the alternate breaker is reduced to the difference in the magnitude of the alternate source and the bus voltage. The voltage and phase characteristics of the bus voltage are discussed later in this paper. 2. Residual: Residual Voltage Transfer involves waiting until the bus voltage drops below a predetermined point before closing the altemate source breaker. This technique is the slowest of the methods in that the open circuit time of the bus is the greatest. By waiting until the voltage is low, ie, 25%, the resultant voltage across the alternate source breaker fs reduced toa ‘maximum of 1.25 pau. However, by the time the voltagein ‘most bus systems drops to this level, the motor loads have decelerated to a point where a portion of these loads must be disconnected since simultaneous reacceleration of all ‘motors may not be possible. The load level that can be reaccelerated needs to be analyzed in detail for cach Installation |W, Characteristics of Bus Voltage and Phase Angle During Transfer In general, the voltage characteristic of a motor bus during transfer is governed by the motor loads operating at the time of transfer. The majority of auniliary system ‘motors are induction motors, with a few synchronous ‘motors used in isolated cases. The types of motors in use will, to a great degree, determine the voltage characteristics of the auniliary system buses. This paper will address induction motors specifically since they are normally used. However, the concepts presented are also valid for buses having synchronous motors. When the bus is disconnected from the normal source, the motors will generate a voltage due to the energy stored in the motor fields. The initial magnitude of the voltage depends on the integrity of the power source prior to disconnection. A three-phase fault in the normal source transformer or on the high voltage bus near the plant may completely de-energize the motor fields, and the resultant voltage will be minimal. However, forall other cases, a significant voltage will be induced on the ‘motor bus. The induced voltage will have a dynamic amplitude and phase characteristic that will depend on the inertia ofthe motor loads and the energy stored in the fields of the motors. The characteristics for induction ‘motors are shown in Figures? and 3. Table 1 lists twelve different types of motor loads that might be found in a generating station, 7 [atm Yoong, al eed Feta fa ler tt et fe looses retest Somat eet [ee 8 | Condenser Pump 12508? | Low | | 9 | ktcompronor [amon | tw | | ees ere li SASSER fall Sete eee etal ‘TABLE 1 SAMPLE MOTOR BUS LOADING CHARACTERISTIC GENERATING STATION Table 2 is a summary list of the motors used in a ‘continuous process industrial plant, Number, Total | Avg of Motors} HP | HP Total 47 | 908 | 202 | Motors 15HPandover | 17 | 8500 | 500 Motors 10HPandunder| 30 | 908 | 303 TABLE 2 SUMMARY OF (NEMA FRAME) MOTOR HP FOR CONTINUOUS PROCESS PLANTS C53 ‘Table 3 lists the types of motor loads over 15 HP for ‘continuous process industrial plant. 960 HP Boiler Cevlating Pump (Operating t Ful Lose) 144 rave (Onyees — TABLE 3 LIST OF (NEMA FRAME) MOTORS OVER, 15 HP FOR CONTINUOUS PROCESS PLANTS Figure 2 represents a 6000 HP LD. fan motor ‘operating at 25% load prior to transfer. This is an example of a characteristic for a large motor driving a high inertial load. The voltage magnitude requires 42 cycles to drop to 50% of its intial value, and the angle takes more than 60 cyles to complete a 360° rotation. The 960 HP boiler circulating pump motor used for Figure 3 data shows a dramatic variation in characteristics. The voltage magnitude drops to 50% within 10 eycles and the phase completes a 360° rotation in ess than eight eycles. 6000 HP 1.0. Fan (Operating at 25% Load Proto Transter) 8 8 * Vottage Maprinde § 8 —Vottage Magnitude (%)—» 8 = -<— Phase Degroco— 8 8 re er er) Time (Cycios) —» FIGURE 2 MOTOR BUS CHARACTERISTICS DISCONNECTED-HIGH INERTIAL LOAD. mens con Teel 1 11 Number] Load Type | Motor] Total | Inertia | SE 2 |coolingWater| 150) 300| tow | = Pump les 2 [Pump a | 150) tw | € 2 | Pumps. | 20) tow | § 2 | Pampc 40 80 | tow 2 | PampD 30| 0) tw | # 3 | Ran 20] | ign | 3 2 | PumpE 15| 30| Low | 17 Totals 850 HP (Avg50HP) ; 0 2 8 0 @ 4 FIGURE 3 MOTOR BUS CHARACTERISTICS DISCONNECTED-LOW INERTIAL LOAD Tie (Cyetes) —e In a typical bus system, there may be several motors of widely differing ratings. When the busis disconnected, the large motors with high inertial loads will act as induction generators supplying power to the smaller motors. The total bs voltage will have a complex average response such that the voltage will decay faster than the voltage for the largest individual motor and slower than fora single small motor. = BUS VOLTAGE ‘= ALTERNATE SOURCE VOLTAGE AND PHASE = NORMAL souRcE = MOTOR VOLTAGE EQUIVALENT MOTOR LOAD IMPEDANCE = IMPEDANCE OF ALTERNATE SOURCE IMPEDANCE OF NORMAL SOURCE NN ONS SK FIGURE 4 SIMPLIFIED MODEL, (OF MOTOR BUS C34 The bus transfer model is then simplified to the circuit shown in Figure 4. Breaker A is normally closed, and power is supplied from the normal source through impedance Z,, Bus transfer involves opening breaker A. and closing breaker B so that power is supplied from the alternate source V,. In all except parallel transfers, A is, ‘opened before breaker B is closed, During the time interval when both A and B are open, the bus voltage V,, will follow a curve similar to the examples shown in Figures 2 or 3. Prior to breaker B closing, a voltage will appear across breaker B that depends on the phase and ‘magnitude characteristics ofthe bus voltage. ‘The open circuit voltage per hertz (V,.) can be calculated using the Law of Cosines. Assuming the reserve source is operating at 60 Hz prior to transfer: : ven i-(2F Ewe” = bus frequency in per unit of 60 Hz. pa at 60 Hz, ‘This voltage should be limited to a value of 1.38 per unit volts/Hz as established by ANSI Standard C50.41- 1989, Pol luction Motors for Power i Stations. (2} In order to establish when the guideline is met, the voltage V,, must be determined dependent both, ‘upon the length of time that Breakers A and B are open, and the bus characteristis. 0 2% 9 4 8 60 — we (eve) FIGURES V,, VS. TIME ‘Theapproximate value of V,, versus time (cycles) for two typical buses is plotted in Figure 5. Both curves have ‘wo important minimums which correspond to the Fast and In-Phase Transfer techniques. In order to minimize the transient torques on the motors, the alternate source breaker can be closed at either of the first two minimum points of V,. Fast Transfer for Bus can provide a transfer with V,, of 045. This is indicated as point A in Figure 5 and assumes a five cycle breaker closing time. In-Phase Transfer on Bus I (point B) results in V,_of 06. Therefore, for Bus I, Fast Transfer should be used, which yields the ‘minimum value of V,, and the shortest transfer time. Fast Transfer for Bus Il (point D) results in V,,= 1.0, again assuming five cycle breaker closing time. In, Phase ‘Transfer for Bus II (point E) yields a value of V,_= (05. In- Phase Transfer requiresa delay of one slip cycle of V._and closing the alternate source breaker at the first zero phase ‘coincidence of Figure 5. The required delay is 15 cycles for Bus Il and 34 cycles for Bus. In-Phase Transfer appears to be the best choice for Bus Il. This example clearly indicates that the best transfer technique will vary ‘dependent on the bus characteristics and the speed with Which the alternate source breaker can be closed. Another important conclusion from Figure 5 concerns Residual Voltage Transfer. The V, characteristic {or all buses will dampen toa value of 1.0 px. Therefore, the Residual Voltage Transfer will always subject the ‘motor system to a larger value of V,. than the proper choice of Fast or In-Phase Transfer” In addition, the Residual Voltage Transfer requires a significantly longer time delay than Fast or In-Phase Transfer. Therefore, Residual Voltage Transfer should be used only as a ‘backup, and Fast or In-Phase Transfer should be selected to provide the minimum transfer transient on the motor us, ‘The V,. curves indicate three separate transfer techniques that can be used. Fast Transfer requires that B, Of Figure 4, be closed before the V,_ initially reaches 1.33, pu. In-Phase Transfer involves determining the point Where V, and V, will be in phase, and closing Breaker Bas close as’ possible to this time. The Residual Voltage ‘Transfer begins when the voltage V, drops below 33%, and ends when B is closed and the transfer is complete, Each of these methods will satisfy the 1.38 psu. guideline but the differences should be understood. Fast and In- Phase Transfer provide a means of minimizing the transient torques on the motor bus. The proper selection between these techniques can easily provide a transfer ‘which reduces the value of V,. to well below the 1.33 pu, ‘maximum guideline. However, the data of Figure § assumes only a small initial phase angle exists between V, and V, and that this angle does not change when breaker A is opened. In practice, this may not be the case. Atleast three separate factors will determine the initial phase angle as breaker A is opened. First, a static phase angle between V, and V, may exist before the transfer is started. Secondly, the phase of V, will make a step change when breaker A is 5-5 ‘opened. Finally, the phase of V, may also change when breaker A is opened because of system intertcs. The resultant phase difference due to these three factors may completely eliminate the possibility of using the Fast Transfer method. In addition, this entire phase angle may not be the same each time a transfer is made. The initial angle is influenced by the load on the bus atthe time of transfer and conditions external to the plant that may not be controllable by the plant operators. V. Relays Requlred for Supervised ‘Bus Transfers In order to effectively implement Fast, In-Phase and Residual Voltage Transfers, three fundamentally different functions must be available. These functions could be implemented by a single relay or by using three independent relays with a control scheme that would provide selection ofthe proper relay for each transfer. ‘The functional differences can be most easily understood using the typical voltage and phase curve of Figure 6, in which the three types of transfer are illustrated by the three zones. 7 7 i t é Sy Besvotape | B P eae : se ' “San Tie i FIGURE 6 BUS TRANSFER ZONES Fast Transfer Requirements: Fast Transfer requires that the altemate source breaker be closed before the phase moves outside of Zone 1. The relay required must be able to determine the ‘magnitude of the intial phase step change fast enough to block transfer if the phase jumps outside the phase angle limit. A time delay could also be used to determine ifthe phase angle is rapidly changing, Therefore, Fast Transfer requires a high-speed syne-check relay that can drop out fast enough to prevent the alternate source breaker from, closing ona large rapidly moving phase angle. ‘The fastest phase measurement technique available {generates a voltage each half cycle that is proportional to the phase difference. Phase angle is the ratio of the time between zero crossings of the voltage on each side of Breaker “B” and the period of the waveform, as shown in equation). log) = Ty x 180 (hall cycle measurements) Phe (eg) = Ty «1 alo o 2 Where: ‘t= the time measured between successive zero crossings ‘Tp.. time of one complete half cycle of the 2” input waveform = 833 ms at 60 Hz. Im order to follow the phase angle as closely as possible, the phase calculation (2) must be completed two times in each cycle of the waveform. Also, to provide a phase measurement that is accurate over a wide frequency range, both tand T, must be calculated and the ratio used to compute the phase angle. Using a constant value for T, means the phase circuitry will only be accurate at One frequency (1/T,). The phase angle relay should have an adjustable phise window setting and should close and open its output contact when the phase ‘moves in and out of the window. The output contact should close and open in the order of 1 ms so as not to introduce a large time delay in the relay. Phase Diference r(t=ta) yee FIGURE 7 IN-PHASE TRANSFER MODEL, . InPhase Transfer Requirements In-Phase Transfer is Zone 2 of Figure 6. Since all circuit breakers require some time to close, the In-Phase ‘Transfer relay must predict in advance when the In-Phase condition will occur and initiate closing the alternate 5-6 source breaker ahead of zero phase by the breaker closing time. Figure 7 illustrates the sequence required for In- Phase Transfer. Assuming the breaker requires T, seconds to close, then the relay must initiate closing the breaker T, seconds before the phase angle reaches -360°, ‘rat time t,. In order to predict when the phase angle will bbe zero, the Taylor Series expansion for the phase function can be used. ‘The Taylor Series expansion for a continuous fametion is shown in equation 3. aagrerayoay A Pe We) o ist derivative of phase a ©” (L,)= second derivative of phase at t=, If the assumption is made that the third and higher order derivatives are small, then the problem is reduced to solving equation (4) for OX) = e(=oft,) +0 )t-4)+ 2 “bY w In this ese t= tand t= +7, ooking ahead by the breaker closing ime). colt +h )=olt,) +0) + Hay Equation 5 predicts the value ofthe phase'T, seconds in the future by determining the value of @, @", and O” and knowing the value of Ty. Therefore the In-Phase ‘Transfer relay must continuously solve Equation 5, and when © (t, + T,) = 0, the relay will initiate closing the alternate source breaker. This occurs when t, = t,. One important result of Equation (5) is that if (0, 7G) and @"() are determined by the relay during the transfer sequence, the solution is independent of the dynamics of the bus. Therefore, the In-Phase Transfer relay could be used on any bus with only the breaker closing time Ty required, ©. Residual Voltage Requirements: The residual voltage relay is required to detect when the bus voltage drops below a predetermined level and. then to initiate closing the alternate source breaker. This is shown as Zone 3 in Figure 6. A feature that may be required isa load shedding contact which can be used to strip loads from the bus prior to closing the alternate source breaker. The load shedding contact should close in advance ofthe close contact to allow time for the external auxiliary relays to operate. The voltage measurement technique used in this relay must be independent of frequency, since the motors may coast down significantly prior to the time the voltage drops below the residual voltage threshold, VL. AUTOMATED BUS TRANSFER LOGIC CONTROLLER (One ofthe solutions to the bus transfer problem is to implementa relay system that performs the Fas, ln-Phase and Residual Voltage Bus Transfer methods using a complete system. Included in the systom is the capability to monitor the voltage and phase angle on the normal source, the altemative source and the motor supply bus. The controller has two configurations. The first configuration is a Transfer Logic Controller (TLC) working in conjunction with a Power Transfer Relay (PTR). The second configuration is a TLC working in conjunction with a High-Speed Sync-Check Relay (HSSCR). Both configurations have applications in petroleum and chemical plants, as well as power Production facilities, and any facility requiring a continuous supply of electrical power. @. TLC Function Blocks The TLC is comprised of several major functional blocks as shown in Figure 8 1, Breaker Contact Control 2. Sequencer 3. Fast Transfer Control 4. In-Phase Transfer Control 5. Residual Voltage Control 6. Manual Transfer Logic 7, Auto Transfer Logic 8. Master Lockout 9, External Lockout 10. De Power Supply ‘The TLC is specifically designed to perform all the necessary logic controlling functions for the three methods of bus transfer. Transfer may be initiated ‘manually or automatically by protective relays external to the TLC. Also the TLC can initiate transfers internally based on preset conditions in the automatic transfer mode. The TLC is designed to operate with the bus system shown in Figure 9. ‘The TLC decides which type of transfer should be initiated and ifthe alternative source is available, Using the TLC, transfers can be made in two directions: alternate source to normal source or normal source to alternate source. For automatic operation in both directions, two sets of TL.C’s are needed. 3-7 FIGURE 8 TRANSFER LOGIC CONTROLLER ‘& POWER TRANSFER RELAY BLOCK DIAGRAM. C58, MAIN SOURCE (GENERATOR OR UTILITY) ALTERNATE SOURCE ALTERNATE NORMAL SOURCE source AAA) AUX. terieadt xeur (YYY\ NORMAL SOURCE ALTERNATE circurr SOURCE BREAKER iRcuIT BREAKER BUS SYSTEM OTHER LOADS NORMAL. SOURCE STATUS CONTACT BUS P7. ALTERNATE SOURGE STATUS CONTAC: TRIP & CLOSE COMMANDS. TRIP & CLOSE COMMANDS NORMAL SOURCE P.T. ALTERNATE SOURCE P.T. POWER STATUS Dc POWER, NORMAL SOURCE TRANSFER LOGIC EXTERNAL LOCKOUT STATUS ‘CONTROLLER (TLC) MANUAL INITIATE LOAD TRIP AUTO TRANSFER ENABLE PROTECTIVE RELAY INTIATE Lp auro TRIP ENABLE FIGURE 9 IN-PHASE TRANSFER MODEL 5-9 In the first configuration using the supplemental power transfer relay, the Automated Bus Transfer Logic Controller System does all three bus transfer methods in sequence, if required. In the second configuration, i.e, with a highspeed syne-check relay, the system does the Fast Transfer and the Residual Transfer but not the In- Phase Transfer. This is usually applied where composite ‘motor bus characteristics decay 50 fast that the In-Phase ‘Transfer cannot be accomplished in the time available. ‘This is usually a very low inertial bus characteristic. All bus transfers follow the same sequence. When. the transfer is initiated, a trip command is sent to the closed breaker. When the breaker status signals indicate that both breakers are open, the Fast Transfer, In-Phase Transfer, and Residual Voltage Transfer circuits are enabled. Fast and In-Phase Transfer window timers disable the respective transfer functions after corresponding predetermined time periods. The Fast ‘Transfer window timer is preset at 0.17 see. The In-Phase ‘Transfer window is adjustable via an intemal control at 0.1 to 2.0 seconds. The Residual Voltage Transfer circuitry ‘emains enabled until the transfer is complete or until the 1 to 30 second auto transfer time locks out the transfer. 1. Breaker Contact Control: The Breaker Contact Control contains four high-speed breaker coil contacts and the logic and switching required to enable these switches for the proper breaker coils. One contact is provided for tripping and one for closing each breaker. ‘The high-speed contacts are enabled for the appropriate lose and trip coils by steering logic. The steering logic ‘operates using the breaker status signals to enable the [proper trip and close contacts, ‘When both breakers are open as would occur during, 4 parallel transfer, the control circuitry remembers which breaker was previously open and this is the breaker that will be closed by the sequencer. If both breakers are closed as would occur during a parallel transfer, the Auto Trip circuitry trips the breaker that was previously closed. This Auto Trip function is enabled by an external jumper and can be disabled by removing the jumper. 2 Sequencer: The Sequencer provides the timing and control functions to sequence through the three transfer techniques. The Sequencer includes the window timers for Fast and In-Phase Transfers, the ‘Transfer in Process Lockout, the Previous Transfer Lamps and the 10 second timer that disables the TLC. for that period once a transfers completed. ‘Once a transfer sequence has started, the sequence will be completed unless the Auto. Transfer Window Timer is exceeded or unless the Power OK signal Indicates the TLC de power is out of spec. After the close command is sent, completing the transfer sequence, the ‘TLC will go into an inoperative state for 10 seconds. ‘The Fast Transfer and In-Phase Transfer window timers are set as follows: a) Fast Transfer Window Timer - 0.17 second (fixed). b) In-Phase Transfer Window Timer - 0.1 to 2 seconds (adjustable). 3. East Transfer Control: The Fast Transfer ‘Controt will compare the phase information from the PTR with the limit set on the Phase Angle Limit dial and issue 1 close command when the phase is inside the phase angle limit setting. The Phase Angle Limit dial is adjustable from 0 to 48 4. In-Phase Transfer Control: ‘The In-Phase ‘Transfer Control issues an active input signal to the PTR. during the In-Phase Transfer time window. This enables the PTR to close the breaker, using the In-Phase Transfer technique, 5. Residual Voltage Control: The Residual Voltage Control is enabled by the sequencer. The Residual Voltage Control compares the bus voltage to a preset upper limit and issues a close command when the bus voltage drops below the voltage limit ‘The Residual Voltage Control also includes a Load Trip relay output that closes approximately 50 milliseconds before the breaker close contact closes when the TLC closes on residual voltage. This provides fo load shedding on Residual Voltage Transfers. ‘The Residual Voltage Limit dial is adjustable from 0 t0.60Vims. 6. ‘The Manual Transfer Logic detects a request for a manual transfer and checks all conditions for the manual transfer fll conditions for ‘manual transfer are correct, a transfer command is sent to the sequencer. ‘Manual transfer will be allowed only if the following conditions exist 4) Intemal power stable. 'b) One breaker open and one closed. ©) Voltage status from PTR indicates the voltage of the new source is within the limits set on the PTR front panel dials. @) A previous transfer isnot in process. ©) Master Lockout is reset. ) Local/Remate Switch set to allow transfer. ) External Lockout is rest. ‘Manual transfer always transfers from the initially closed breaker to the breaker that was initially open. 5-10 Manual transfer can be initiated by the external “Manual Initiate” contact or by the Push to Transfer pushbutton on the front panel. In order to start the ‘manual transfer, the Local/Remote switch on the front panel must be set in the proper position. 7. Auto Transfer Logie: The Auto Transfer Logic makes the decision when to itate an automatic transfer. Anauto transfer can only transfer from the normal source to thealterate source. An auto transfer cannot be started unless enabled by the Auto Transfer Enable input or the Protective Relay Initiate input With the Auto Enable external contact closed, the ‘Auto Transfer Logic compares the bus voltage to the voltage limit set on the Auto Transfer Voltage Limit dia. Tf the bus voltage falls below the limit for an adjustable time period and if the alternate source voltage is greater than the bus voltage, an automatic transfer is iniated ‘Thebus voltage must remain below the lower limitfor the length of time set onthe Auto Transfer Time Delay Limit dia ‘When the Protective Relay Initiate external contact closes, the Auto Transfer Logie compares the bus voltage to the alternate source voltage. Ifthe bus voltage fs Tess than thealternate voltage, the transfer sequence is started. The Auto Transfer Window Timer allows 1 t0.30 seconds for a transfer to be completed. If this time window is exceeded, the Auto Transfer Lockout is st. ‘The Auto Transfer Lockout will stop any auto transfer in process and will prevent any further auto transfers until reset. The Auto Lockout canbe reset by mal transfer cor by the Reset pushbutton. The Auto Lockout Status lamp willbe on when the auto lockout is set The Auto Transfer Window Timer operates differently depending.on which controlinput is used, The ‘Auto Transfer Enable contact can be continuously closed and the Auto Transfer Logie will respond tothe voltage conditions as described previously. When only the Auto Transfer Enable contact is closed, the Window Timer begins timing when the Auto Transfer is initiated. When the Protective Relay Initiate contactis closed, the Window Timer begins timing immediately. The Protective Relay Initiate contact should be closed only if there is reason to believe the voltage conditions forthe Auto Transfer Logic will be satisfied within the Window Timer. The Auto Transfer Window Timer is adjustable using an internal contro. ‘The necessary conditions for an automatic transfer areas follows: 4) Intemal power stable, ')_ Bus voltage less than Auto Transfer Voltage limit setting (Auto Enable only) © Alternate source voltage greater than bus voltage. 4) Master Lockout reset. ©) Auto Transfer Lockout reset. ) Normal source breaker closed. ) Alternate source breaker open. 1) External Lockout reset. 1). Previous transfer is not in process. ) Auto transfer enabled by Auto Transfer Enable Input or the Protective Relay Initiate input. W) Voltage status from the PTR indicates the alternate source voltages within the limits set on the PTR front panel dials. Adjustable Functions: 1. Auto Transfer Time Delay Limit -0.1 to2 seconds 2. Auto Transfer Voltage Limit - 60 to 120 V ac. 3. Auto Transfer Window Timer - 1 to.30 seconds, 4, Master Lockout Undervoltage Limit - 60 to 120Vac. 9. Master Lockout: The Master Lockout _monitors the voltage level ofthe source to which the bus will be transferred. If the voltage level is less than an adjustable lower limit, the Master Lockout is set. Master Lockout is reset by the voltage level increasing above the lower limit. A status lamp is provided to indicate if the ‘Master Lockout is set 10. External Lockout: The External Lockout is set by the External Lockout input contact closing. The External Lockout is reset by the Extemal Lockout input contact opening. A status lamp is provided to show the state of the External Lockout function. 41. BC Power Supply: The De Power Supply will provide the internal power required by the TLC. The supply will operate from 90 to 156 V de. The Power OK lamp indicates the power is on and that the de-de ‘converter is operating properly. Vil. Power Transter Relay ‘The Power Transfer Relay (PTR) does the calculations and initiates closing of the breaker for the In- Phase transfer. The PTR also provides a high-speed phase angle transducer output that is used by the TLC to implement the Fast Transfer. The PTR samples the phase angle across the breaker every half cycle using a patented sampling technique that automatically corrects the angle data for the changing bus frequency. The first and second, derivatives of phase angle are calculated by the PTR. The breaker closing time (T,) is programmed into the relay using internal switches. When the proper advance phase angle is detected, the PTR signals the TLC to close the breaker. CSL Vil. High-Speed Sync-Check Relay ‘The High-Speed Syne-Check Relay (HSSCR) is specifically designed to respond to changes in phase angle between two input voltages. When the phase angle between the input voltages is within the dial setting, the relay will permit breaker closing. If the phase angle exceeds the dial setting, the relay blocks breaker closing, ‘The high-speed feature is such that, should the phase angle be excessive, the relay gives a blocking output within one cycle of detecting the excessive phase angle. It also will permit a closing output within one cycle of

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