The size, and shape of a material plays a crucial role in determining the

properties of a particular material. Depending on related size in different

dimensional directions the materials are divided three categories ranging from
3D(three-dimensional) to 2D(two-dimensional), 1D(one-dimensional) and 0D
(zero-dimensional). Two-dimensional materials have been used in all round
applications ranging from biomedical, electronics to photovoltaic systems, due
to their fascinating properties. Graphene is the first discovered 2D material in
2004 by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov. The single layer of Graphite is
Graphene with honey comb lattice structure with sp2 hybridised covalent bond,
weak bonding with in the planes which has unique electrical, optical and
mechanical properties. Due to the absence of dangling bond any material can be
grown epitaxial upon any 2D material.2D materials are layered material with one
atom thickness, these materials consist of metals, semimetals, semiconductors,
insulators, superconductors etc. By the advent of 2D materials researchers have
developed novel electronics devices including transistors, supercapacitors, solar
cells, energy storage device, sensors. Examples of 2D materials are Graphene,
TMDs, TMOs, h-BN, Black phosphorus, etc.
Here in particular, we are discussing about TMDs (Transition metal
dichalcogenides) (MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2 etc) which are layered materials
with strong bonding in-plane and weak bonding out bonding out of the planes.
After the discovery of graphene, many other 2D materials (like exfoliated
molybdenumdisulfide,MoS2,or exfoliated Tungstendisulfide (WS2), or exfoliated
black phosphorene) have been synthesized. TMDs materials with the formula
MXenes have general formula (MX2 ) where M is a transition metal element from
group (4-10) (e.g., Ti, V, Cr, and Mo), and X is a chalcogen (S, Se or Te). These
materials form layered structures of the form X–M–X. Bulk MoS2 is
semiconducting with an indirect bandgap of 1.2 eV, whereas single-layer MoS2
is a direct gap semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.8 eV. TMDCs shows a wide
range of electronic, optical, mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. The
synthesis of 2D materials is done by top-down and bottom up methods. Top-
down methods are aimed at changing bulky and layered compounds single and
few-layer 2D TMDs, including mechanical exfoliation, liquid exfoliation and
chemical or electrochemical exfoliation. Bottom-up methods mainly include
chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and hydrothermal methods. The CVD method
is a typical bottom-up process that commonly used to prepare 2D nanomaterials,
this method the is most important and reliable method for the synthesis of 2D
materials.