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REPORT
TRIP TO RUMLI ISLAMABAD

DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCES, BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD

SUBMITTED BY: MAHAD UZAIR

: -
COURSE BS GEOPHYSICS 2A ( )
ENROLLMENT NO: 01-161152-058
SUBMITTED TO: SIR MASOOD ANWAR
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO: 1
Introduction……………………………………………………5
CHAPTER NO : 2
Tectonics
theory……………………………………………………………………
……..7
CHAPTER NO: 3
Stratiography of
Rumli………………………………………………………. 10
CHAPTER NO:4
FIELD STATIONS..……………………………………………
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Station # 1 ........................................................................ 12
Station # 2.......................................................................... 12
Station # 3............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.3
Station # 4............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.4
Station # 5............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.6

CHAPTER NO: 5
CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………..18
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………18
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LIST OF TABLES:
TABLE NO: 1
FORMATION ACCORDING TO THEIR AGES……………………………………….7

TABLE NO: 2

STRATIOGRAPHY OF RUMLI…………………………………………………………….11

TABLE NO: 3

MURREE FORMATION
OBSERVATIONS…………………………................12

TABLE NO: 4

KULDANA FORMATION OBSERVATIONS……………………………………..14

TABLE NO: 5

CHORGALI FORMATION…………………………………………………………….15

TABLE NO: 6
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MARGALLA HILLS FORMATION………………………………………………….16

LIST OF FIGURES:
RUMLI…………………………………………………6
Different formations……………………………………..8

: Plate tectonic………………………………………………………………9

Indian and Eurasian movement……………………………………10

MURREE FORMATION…………………………………………………..14

Kuldana formation…………………………………………………….....15

Chorgali formation…………………………………………………….....17

Margalla formation…………………………………………………….....18
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FIELD TRIP TO RUMLI

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CHAPTER NO: 1

INTRODUCTION:
Field trips are very significant and essential part of the study of
Geology. It helps students to become more practical and experienced.
Students learn number of new things which they don’t find in books. In
field trip we physically interact with equipment, rock bodies, and do a
lot of practical work and gain knowledge.

Our field trip was organized by Sir Masood Anwar (lecturer at Bahria
University) on 19th May, 2016. The place we chose for the field trip was
Rumli and left for it by 9am.

AREA INTRODUCTION: Rumli is located in Pakistan in north of

QUAID-E-AZAM University Islamabad. It is beautiful hilly area having
streams and rock bodies around it. Most of the rock bodies in Rumli are
sedimentary ones.
Rumli is a part of hazara basin which is of great importance for
geologists. Rumli lies below Margalla hills. It has a wealth of geological
and paleontological features. In Margalla hills fossil stratified rock are
exposed due to lack of vegetation. Margalla hills are located on Main
Boundary Thrust fault.
We studied different formations which are Murree formation, Kuldana
formation, Chorgali formation and Margalla Hill Limestone. These all
formations are composed of rock units which have different Lithology.
The Eocene Margalla Hill Limestone and Chorgali formation of Hazara
Basin were studied to find out their depositional environment and also
for the identification of fossils.
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EQUIPMENT: Brunton compass was used to find out dip and strike
of the rocks. Geological hammer and chisel was also used to take rock
samples and identify their true color of rocks. A hand lens was taken to
examine rocks, minerals by magnifying them.

OBJECTIVES OF OUR FIELD TRIP:

 To identify rock bodies existent in margalla hill strata.

 To learn how to use brunton compass and find dip and

strikes.
 To learn how geological changes affect the geology of an
area.

CHAPTER NO: 2
In this chapter we will discuss the formations we studied in Rumli.

FORMATIONS FOUND IN RUMLI AGES OF

AREA FORMATIONS

MUREE FORMATION MIOCENE

KULDANA FORMATION EOCENE

MARGALLA HILL LIMESTONE EOCENE

CHORGALI FORMATION EOCENE

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Chorgali formation

Kuldana formation

Muree formation

CHAPTER NO:2
TECTONICS AND STRUCTURE
PLATE TECTONIC THEORY:

Plate tectonic theory was first proposed by Alfred Wegner in 1912. From
the deepest ocean trench to the smallest mountain, Plate tectonics
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explain the features and movement of Earth’s surface in the present and
past. It is defined as:

“Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several
plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The
plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth’s mantle. This strong
outer layer is called the lithosphere.”

Figure No:1 TECTONIC PLATE

EURASIAN PLATE AND INDIAN PLATE:

The collision of indian plate into the eurasian plate about 50 million
years ago resulted in the errection of himalyan moutains chain which
contains the highest peaks on the Earth today.Another result of the
collision of two platesis a creation of a multitide of small plates in the
eastern boundary of indian plate.Because the plate is located in an area
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with average temperature and humidity the himalayan moutain chain

creates a barrier for clouds which must precipitate in order to overcome
the highest peaks. The Indian Plate includes most of South Asia, forming
a land mass which extends from the Himalayas into a portion of the
basin under the Indian Ocean, including parts of South China and
Eastern Indonesia, as well as Balochistan. It may be noted that
geophysical the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet is situated at the outside
of the border of the Sub continental structure, while the Pamir
Mountains in Tajikistan are situated inside that border.

FIGURE NO :2 INDIAN AND EURASIAN MOVEMENT

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CHAPTER NO:3
STRATIOGRAPHY OF RUMLI:
In Rumli reversed stratigraphy can be observed due to the presence of
reverse and thrust faults. Older formations are present in the path of dip
showing overturned limb of an overturned fold .The overturned fold
shows an strong regional tectonic activity which is due to Main Boundary
Thrust. The Margalla Hills which are the foothills of the Himalayas are a
series of small-elevation hills located north of Islamabad, Pakistan.
Margalla Range has an area of Approx. 12000 hectares. The hill range
settles between an elevation of 685 meters at the western end and 1,604
meters on its east. Rumli is a sedimentary basin which is highly
vegetated. The formations found are as following with their description
and ages:

KULDANA FORMATION AGE: Early Eocene Multicolored and maroon to

magenta silt and shale, and yellowish
to bluish grey, well banked limestone
and cellular limestone.

MUREE FORMATION AGE: Miocene Sandy shale, siltstone, sandstone,

conglomerate, fossil Ferrous
limestone at the base.

MARGALLA HILLS FORMATION: AGE: Early Eocene Well banked, usually dark grey but
light grey weathering limestone,
occasionally nodular, massive and
cliff-forming.
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CHORGALI FORMATION AGE: Early Eocene Nodular limestone,Alternating well

banked limestone and brownish to
greenish marble.The limestone has
chert lenses in places.

CHAPTER NO: 4

FIELD STATIONS:

STATION NO: 1
On the first station we observed several things:

 Streams deposits
 Alluvium deposits were found composed of loose and fine sediments.
 Large rounded particles (Conglomerates).
 Lithified rocks of conglomerates cemented with calcite.

STATION NO: 2
On out second station we saw Murree formation.

AGE Early Eocene

LITHOLOGY Flaggy Limestone, thinly bedded

FRESH COLOR Greenish grey, Grey

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WEATHERED COLOR Dark brown.

MINERALS Characterized by the abundance of epidotic materials

for example Yellowish green color.

FOSSILS Echinoids, mollusles, numulites

RESPONSE TO ACID Response to acid effervesces freely.

UPPER CONTACT Unconformable with Chorgali formation.

LOWER CONTACT Unconformable with kamlial formation.

Figure no: 3 MURREE FORMATION

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STATION NO:3
The formation which was observed in station no:3 was KULDANA FORMATION.

AGE Middle Eocene

LITHOLOGY Shale sediments with small amounts of gypsum.

COLOR Hard rock pale grey color gypsum

HARDNESS Less than 2

UPPER CONTACT Upper contact is with murree formation.

LOWER CONTACT Lower contact is with Chorgali formation.

RESPONSE TO Moderate
ACID

Figure no:4 KULDANA FORMATION

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STATION NO : 4
The formation which was observed in station no: 4 was CHORGALI
FORMATION. The observations of chorgali limestone are the following:

AGE Middle Eocene

LITHOLOGY Flaggy limestone,thinly bedded with fine

grains

FRESH COLOR Grey

WEATHERD COLOR Blackish Grey

FOSSILS Forams

HARDNESS 3

CONTACT:

UPPER CONTACT Unconformable with murree formation.

LOWER CONTACT Conformable with sakesar formation

RESPONSE TO ACID Response to acid effervesces freely.

Figure no: 5 CHORGALI FORMATION

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STATION NO : 5
The formation which was observed in station no: 5 was MARGALLA
FORMATION.We also found margalla hills limestone in this station.

AGE Early Eocene

LITHOLOGY Fine to medium grained,nodular medium to thick

bedded.Nodular limestone calcite.

MINERALS Characterized by abundance of epidotic minerals

i.e green,yellowish green color.

dark grey
WEATHERED
COLOR

FRESH COLOR LIGHT GREY

FOSSILS Mollusks,echinoids

CONTACT:

LOWER CONTACT Conformable with patala formation.

UPPER CONTACT Conformable with chorgali formation.

RESPONSE TO ACID Response to acid effervesces FREELY.

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Figure no: 6 fossils IN MARGALLA HILLS LIMESTONE

CHAPTER NO: 5
Conclusion:
It was an amazing trip. We learned a lot of new things. We learned how to use
compass and lens to examine type of rock. we observed many structures and
got to know their properties. More trips should be arranged by university.

REFERENCES:
 The Geological Survey of Pakistan (volume 22)
 Stratiography of Pakistan – by S.M.Ibrahim Shah
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