CONSTITUTIONAL AND OTHER

BODIES
1
CONTENT
 Election Commission
 Comptroller and Auditor General

 NITI Ayog

 UPSC

2
ELECTION COMMISSION

3
Election Commission
Permanent and Independent Body to ensure free and
fair election
Article 324 provides that power of superintendence,
direction and control of elections to parliament, state
legislature, office of President and Vice President
shall be vested in ECI
It is common for both state and center
Composition
As Per Article 324:
1) CEC + no of other EC as President may fix

2) Appointment of CEC and EC by President

4
.

CEC and two other EC have equal powers and receive

equal salaries, allowances etc (Similar to SC Judge)

Hold office for a term of 6 years or they attain age of 65

years

They can resign or removed before the expiry of their

term

5
Independence
1) Security of Tenure to CEC (Removed on same manner
as of SC judge Proved Misbehavior and Incapacity)
2) Other EC and regional commissioner cannot be
removed from office except on the recommendation of
CEC

Flaws
1) Constitution has not prescribed the qualifications of
members of EC
2) Constitution has not specified term of members of EC

3) Constitution has not debarred the retiring EC from

any further appointment by the government
6
Powers and Functions

1) To determine Territorial areas of electoral

constituencies throughout the country

2) Prepare and Revise electoral rolls

3) Notify dates and Schedule of Elections and scrutinize

nomination papers

4) Grant recognition to political parties

5) Court of settling disputes related to granting of
recognition to political parties and election symbols
7
6) Advise the governor and President on matters
relating to disqualification of members of state
legislature

7) To Advise President whether elections can be

held in a state under President’s rule

8) To determine code of conduct to be observed by

the parties and the candidates at the time of
elections

8
NATIONAL PARTIES

BJP, Congress, CPI(M), CPI, BSP, NCP

9
COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL

10
INTRODUCTION
 Article 148 provides for an independent office of
CAG .
 He is head of Indian Audit and Account
Department

 He is the guardian of Public Purse and controls

the entire financial system (Centre and State)

 BR Ambedkar said “CAG shall be the most

important officer under the constitution of India”
11
APPOINTMENT AND TERM
 CAG appointed by President by a warrant under
his hand and seal
 He subscribes an oath before the president before
taking his office
 He hold office for 6 year period or upto 65 years

 He can resign any time from his office by

addressing the resignation letter to the
President.
 He can be removed by President on same grounds
and in same manner as a judge of supreme court
(Proved Misbehavior or Incapacity)
12
Duties and Powers
Duties
1) He audits accounts related to all expenditure from
CFI and CFS, CF of each UT having legislative
assembly

2) He audits expenditure from Contingency fund of

India and Public Account of India (similarly for
states)

3) He submits his audit reports relating to the accounts

of Center/state to President/Governor, who shall
place them before Parliament/state legislature
(Article 151) 13
NITI AYOG

 NITI Aayog or National Institution for

Transforming India Aayog is a policy think-tank
of Union Government of India
 It replaces Planning Commission of India and aims to
involve the states in economic policy-making in India
 It will be providing strategic and technical advice to
the central and the state governments.
 Prime Minister of India heads the Aayog as its
chairperson
 It will ensure greater participation of state government
14

in policy making to foster cooperative federalism

UPSC
 The chairman and other member of UPSC are
appointed by the President and they hold office
for a term of 6 years from the date of
appointment or until they attain the age of 65
years, whichever is earlier

 One-half of the members of the commission

should be such person who have held office for at
least 10years either under Union Government or
Central government

15
REMOVAL
 President can remove the chairman or any members
under following circumstances:

a) If he is adjudged as insolvent
b) If he engages in any paid employment outside the
duties of his office
c) If in the opinion of President unfit to continue in
office by infirmity of mind or bosy

Chairman or members can also be removed on the

ground of “misbehavior”. But in this case matter is 16

referred to Supreme Court

FUNCTIONS OF UPSC
 All matters of recruitment of higher civil services
are managed by UPSC

 Advises the president on matters relating to

appointments, promotions and transfers from one
service to another of civil servants

 All disciplinary matters affecting a person in the

service of the Union are handled by UPSC 17