CSE 1. Method tomulipy >digicnumber. @ ABKCD=AC/AD+BC/BD- 2/41 /35= 161s @ ABxAC=At/A(B+O)/BC Tax T6= PML +614 x6 49/70/24 = 8 PSN Gi) ARHCCHACHAS BYC/BC BB che 3 4G 4 A/S =12/32/20= 17734) 1540 2 Method tomakiply 3-digit a0. ABC «DEF= AD /AE+BD/ AE BE +CD/BF+CE/CF 436x284 ad x2/dx345x2/xdeSx3+6xI/S xder6x 3/634 = 8/12 10/ 16+ 15+ 12/204 18/24 8/2743 /38/28= 10g704 3 If in a series all number contains repeating 7. To find their sum, we start fram the left multiply 7 by 1 2.3.4.5 &6. Look at the example below. TIM STITT TTT SD ASTI T 31D AIT oS IT 6 27/1872 /28135 1 86192 A 058584.0855 4055 +05=7 TTofind the sum ofthase number ia which ome number is repeated after decimal, then frst write the number either increasing or decreasing order. Then -find the sum by using the below method. 0.5555 +0535 +035 +05 = SK 4/3 «3/52/35 x1 = 207 15719/5=2.1605 S$ Those numbers whose all digits are 3. 37° 1039 ‘Those number. in which alldgite ave number s 3 twoor move than 2 mes repeated, tofind thesquareof these number, we repeat 1 andSby (a L)time, Where n -> Number of imes 3 repeated. 7. Those number whose all digits ate 1 Azumber whose one's, ten's, hndeod's digits Iie, f1, 111, 11, Tnthis we count numater of digits. We write I. 2.3, n their square the digit in the numer, then writein decreasing ceder up to | 1P‘Some properties of square and square roat: @ Completejuare of ano. is possible ifitslast digit is, 1.4, 5, 6&9. [flast digit of ano. is?, 3,7, Sthen complete square root ‘of this no. is not possible. @ Mlast digit of ano. is |, then last digit (v) I last digit of a no. is 6, then Last digi (vi) Iflast digit of a no. is 9, then last digit Prime Number: @ Find the approx square root of given no. Dividethe given no. by the prime no. less than approx square root of no. If given no. is not divisive by any of these prime no. then the no. is prime otherwise not. For example : To check 389 is a prime number or not. Sol. Approx sq. root = 19 Primena < 1are2, 35,7, 11, 13,17 359 is mot divisible by any of these prime nos. So 359s prime no. For example: Is 2" + 1 is peime aemoe’? Paaueal 241 2 2500s 1 ismot prime. Gi) There are 15 primena. from 1 10:50. (i) There are 25 primena. from 1 ta 100. (iv) There are 168 prime no. from 1 to 1000. ane, isin theform of x" +a", thenit is divisible by(x+a); ifa is odd. Ix (x= 1), then remainder is always |. ate (at 1) @ Imi even, then remainder is I. (@ Mis odd, thea remainder is x. © Vaueot YP+yP+yPe—— = a +t ( Vaueor YP ph nae = EL @ vaweor fejeqp = =P (0) Vetecot I Ieee ae => Remindee = [Where n—>no. of times Prepeated Note: I'facwrsof Pare a & (n-+1) typethen valueat Ypyyp+Pr—m =(n+i) and \p—fp—yPo oe ‘Number of divisors @ MINIs anyno.and Naa" bx cP... wherea, bare prime na. No.of divisors N= (n+ 1)(m-+1)(p+1 ‘¢.g, Find the no, of divisors of 90000. N= 90000= 2c ic SB WP 222 Se x SN CECH Sa,the no, of divisors =(4 +1)(2 + 1)(4+1)=75 Gi) N=aP x bl x cP where 2, b, e.are peime ‘Thenset of co-prime factors of N=[(n-+ 1)m+1)(p+ 1)~1+am + mp + pa+ Samp] nate) == He=1) G@ UN =a" xb ce? wherea, b &care prime no. Then sumaf the divi1S, Tofind the last digit or digit at the unit's place af". () Mthelastdigitor digit atthe unit's place ofa is |, $ or 6, whatever be the value of n. it will have the same digit at unit's place, Gi) Ifthelast digit or digitat the units place of ais 2.3, 5, Zor then the last digit ofa" depends upon the valueaf n and follows ‘repeating pattern in terms of 4 as given below Jase digital 7" lasdigitof(_ 7 iar = 2 * 4 4683 & 1 3 2 a 6 1 1 6 (Gy Tfthelast digit or digit at the unit's place of aiseither 4 or9, hen the lastdigit ofa depends upon the value af a and follows repeating pattern in terms.of 2 as given below. a ‘ast digit of (...4)" last digit of..." x 6 1 eH 4 9 oyin+! 16 ©) Sumofa natural number = 22022. @ Sum ofa even number=(n){n +1) (@ Sum ofa odd number = n* y2ney 11 Seats an = ROPE) (@ Sum of sg. of fest n odd natural no. = 2a(n+t)(2n+3) (&) Sum of sq. of fest n even natural no. = + fast? fa(a+t bo sumdateettvannion« 282, [aeof (@ Sum of cubeof fist a even natural no, = 2n? (n + 1)? (@) Sum of cube of first m odd natural no, =n? (207-1) 19, (x4 —yitis divisible by (x + yy ‘When n is even @ x8 ytis divisible By (a—y) ‘When a iseither add o¢ even, ‘20 Forany imweger is divisive by 3, n—n is divisible by $, n!4—n isdivisibleby ‘21, Somearticles retated to Divisibility : @ Ano. of 3-igits which is formed by repeating a digit 3-times, then this no is divisible by 3 and 37. eg. 111,222,333, G@ Ano. of digit which is formed by repeating a digit6-times then this no. is divisible by 3, 7, LI, 13 and 37. ‘eg. TILL, 229999, 933333, dad —_ divisible by 13.Divisible by 7 : We use osculator (2) for divisibility test. ‘99905 9990-2 5=9080 9089 998-29 = 9800 9901: 98-2 «0 ‘Now 98 is divisible by 7, 8099995 is alsa divisible by 7. Divisible by 11 : In a number, if difference of sum of digit at even places and sum of digitat odd places is either ar multiple of 11, then no.is divisible by 11 Farexample, 12342 11 Sumof even placedigit=2+4=6 Sumofodd place digit=1+3+2=6 Difference = 6 — 2 DM2isdivisibieby IL. Divisible by 13 : Weuse (+ 4) as osculator. eg. 816538 + 13 8T6538:8xd +3=35 Sede3e5 3xde256=40 Oxdede7: Ixdele8= 13s divisitie by 13. 376838 isalsudivisibleby 13. Divisible by 17: We use (~ 5) s osculator. eg, 2MGTR: 267-5 x8 2027 2AM: 2942 -$x7 = 2007 2007: 200-3 x 7=255 285:25-Sx5=t 294678 iscampletcly divisible by 17. Divisible by 19: Weuse (+ 2) as asulator. eg: MONE 4x 246214 ax2e de 1x2 be! Qx2eLed=9 Ox241=19 19's divisible by 19 1492664 isdivistbe by 19. HCE (Highest Common factor) ‘There are two methods tofind the HCF= (@) Factor method (b). Division method @ Foe two no. a andb if ab,wetkea—b iftb>a, we take b $5. Ifprice ofa article increase from € ato-® b, then its expenses decrease by 2.100) that expendi will be same, . ‘$6 Duo w incrense/ocrease the price x, A man purchase a kg more in y, then xy. 10%: oetgincena ee ( xy Per kgstanting price =®71q9 +3)Increase (x%) Increase (y%) Increase (%) Decrease (y%6) Decrease (x%) Decrease (y*¥) Increase (%) Decrease (3%) = ; s resnviutenintasuetuanean anevtnatuna- [262 59, Ithesside ofa square, x increase/decrease then x% itsperimeter and diagonal increasefdecrease. woe R) @ (population P increase/dectense at r% rate, then afler t years population (@ UW population P increase/decrence 1% fist year, % inerease/decrease second year and 1% increase/decrease third year, increase we use (+), if decrease we use (-) 61. Ifa man spend x% ofthis income on food, y% of remaining on rent and 2% of remaining on cloths. [fhe has @ Premaining. then 100100 «100 {00 — x)(100- (Note: We can use this table for area increase/Jocrease in mensuration for rectangle, tangle and parallelogram). Tea @_UCPots things = SP ofy things, then ~oo}s tse, Prost 48 Lass [after selling x things PL isequal to SPaf ythings, thea after 3 years population = P{ 12 —L Jaz ue) total income of man is =ia Tad ‘Overall (96) Prot 9%) Prost (=P) ros 5=¥),, Profit >y (396) Profit (yy Loss, (2) Loss.if x 2? + bP, Triangle is obeuseangled (2) [f2triangles are equiangular, their cocresponding sides are propoctional. In triangles ABC and XYZ. if 2A= ZK, B= ZY.2C= 22. then A 2 ¢ B ‘The perpendiculars drawn from vertices to opposite sides (called altitudes) meet at a point called Orthocentre of the wriangle. ‘The line drawn from a vertex of a triangle to the opposite side such that it bisects the side is called the Median of the triangle, Amedian bisects the areaof thetriangle. When a vertex of a triangle is jained to the midpoint of the opposite side, we get a median. The point of intersection of the medians is called the Centroid of the triangle. The centroid divides any median in the ratio Angle Biseetor Theorem— In the figure if AD isthe angle hisectoe (interior) af BAC. Then, Be 2 288 A ABJAC = BD/DC. ABXAC-BDxDC=AD?. Midpoint Theorem. Ina triangle, the line joining the mid points of two sides is parallel to the thind side and half of it Basic Proportionality Theorem. Aline parallel toany one side ofa triangle divides the other two sides proportionally. If DE is parallel to BC, then g ger A80 Properties of circle — ERG 2229gSe2R9= oon co) iy (Only ome cirele can passthrough three given pais. ‘Thore is one and oaly one tangent tothe cirele passing through any point on the circle. From any exterior point of the crcl, rwo tangents. can be drawn oa tothe cele. ‘The lengths of wotangents segment ftom the extrior pointtothe circle, are equal. ‘The tangent at any point ofa circle and the radius through the point are perpendicalar to each other. ‘When two circles touch each ther, their centres & the point of contact are collinear. two circles touch externally, distance between centres = sum of radii. Iftwo circles touch internally, distance between centres = difference of radii Circles with same centre and different radii are concentric circles. ointslying on the same citele are called conevelle paints. ‘Measure of an arc means measure of central angle. so(minoe are) + m(enajr atc) = 360°, ‘Angleiin a semicircle isa right angle. ‘Qaly one circle can pass through three given ION is L from the contre O of cisele to a chord AB, thea AN=NB. (tram centre bisects chord) IFN isthe midpoint of achoed AB of acirele with centre O, then ZONA= 90", (Converse, 1 from centre biseetsehord) ‘Two congruent figures have equal arexs but the coaverse need not be true. ‘Adiagonal of « parallelogram divides it into two triangles of equal area. (vill) Parallelogramsoa the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area. Go) oo) ‘Triangles on the same bases and between the same parallels are equal in area. fa triangle and a parallelogram are oa the same base and between the same parallels, then the area of the triangle is equal IfPT istangent and PAB is secant of acircle, then PT? = PAPE+ IPE & PD are twosecant ofa circle, then PAPE = PC.PD. c + Iftwo circles touch externally, then distance between their centres =(¢ +"3) + Iftwo circles touch internally, then distance between their centres = a eh) 1 BL) Ateaofuriangle= > x base x alnude arbre 2 @ Areaof triangle using heron’s formula = (S7S—a G—b)S—O) - wheres ‘2 In.an equilateral triangle with side a, then where A> Area of wiangle P+ Povimeter hh Height $3. Inan isosceles triangle POR ee a8, ar AAOB= oil) ‘0 Acircle with largest area inscribed ima right angle triangle, then = Daren of ABC Perimeter of AABC™(@ ABC isan equilateral riangle with side, then Areaof circle re @) WABC ican equilacoral triangle with side a, thon area of circle: (js) HAABC is an equilateral riangle, and two circles with radi (0) Threcequal circle with radiurand an equilateral wiangle ABC, then areaof shaded egion = (27x)28 Diagonal of a cube = J »-sido Diagonal ofa cuboid= 242,42 :where (+ Length, b.-» breadth, height Far two cubes AL SL Az Wo where Ay, Ay > Area of cubes yey Volume 2, Sides dy Diagonals Units Measurement of Area and Volume ‘The inter-relaticashis between various unitsof measurement of length, area and volume are listed below for ready reference: Lengths 1Centimete (cm) = 10nilimetee¢tmm) 1 Decimetre(dm) = centimetre 1 Metre (an) = Wdm=100em=1000 mm [Decametre(dam) = 10m=1000em 1 Hectomewe (hm) = 10dam= 100m Kilometre (km) = 1000m=100dam= 101m 1 Myriametre = 10kilomere 10mm x 10mm=100 mo Wem x 1em= 100 cm" ‘1d 10dm= 100dni* Thon 1 hm = 100m 10000m? = 100d" 10hm x 10 hm = 100hm? or 100hectare Jom™ Lem 1 m= 10mm « 10mm x 10 mm=1000mm* 100m 100 cm x LOD em x 10em= 10% em Lag =1 mpl mol 1dex*= 1000em", Im* = Ifa, b care the edges ofa cuboid, then The longest diagonal = fa? +b" +07 @ Mthe height of a cuboid is2er0 it becomes 1 rectangle (i) IF a" be the edge of a cube, then GS) The longest diagonal =av3 Volume of pyramid = bBo area xbeight (H) Ga, nense newest gut at gst no omen heen nee] 6 Wye Vy laenesoume eesti, nt a cempmagincenenae nee -(E] edn fw ber went Gi) The rise or fall of liquid level in acontainer = a‘99, Ifa largest passible cube isinscribed in a sphere of radius ‘a’ cm, then @ theedge of the cube =. (@ Ma largest possible sphere is insezibed in a cylinder of radius ‘a! cmv and height *h’ cm, then for >a, the radius of the sphere =a and «eatin 8 Gr I (@) Ifa largest possible sphere is inscribed in a cone of radius ‘a’ cmand slant height equal to the diameter of the base, then + thers of te sphere = J. Gy) Ialargest possible cones inscribed in a cylinder of radius ‘a" cm and height ‘h’ cm, then the radius of the cane =a and height =h.100, Inany quadrilateral © eed ne ginal (sum of papendics twit am appasieveica)= did) @ Areaofa cyclic quadrilateral = [s~als-bls—els- 4) swherea, b, ed aressides of quadrilateral and arbsced see ‘= semi perimeter = 101. Iflength, breadth & height of a three dimensional figure increase/decrease by x%, y% and 2%, then cme) 2) Coe ete Ia