Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019 1

Pakistan
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

POPULATIONa
Total population as of 1 July (million) 140.0 142.9 146.0 149.3 152.7 156.0 159.5 162.9 166.4 169.9 173.5 177.1 180.7 184.3 188.0 191.7 195.4 | 207.8* | 212.8
Population density (persons/km2) 176 179 183 188 192 196 200 205 209 213 218 222 227 232 236 241 245 | 261* | 267
Populationb (% annual change) 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 | 2.4* | 2.4
Urban population (% of total population) 33.0 33.2 33.1 33.2 33.6 34.6 35.0 34.9 35.3 35.8 36.3 36.9 37.4 37.9 38.6 39.2 39.9 | 36.4* | 36.4

LABOR FORCE fiscal year ending 30 June (million) 40.5 41.4 43.2 44.1 45.8 46.8 50.5 51.6 53.2 55.9 56.9 57.8 59.3 60.3 60.1 61.0 ... ... 65.5
Employed 37.4 38.1 39.6 40.5 42.2 43.2 47.4 48.8 50.5 52.9 53.8 54.4 55.8 56.6 56.5 57.4 ... ... 61.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 18.1 18.5 16.7 17.0 18.2 18.6 20.5 21.3 22.5 23.6 24.2 24.5 25.1 24.7 24.6 24.3 ... ... 23.8
Mining and quarrying 0.1
Manufacturing 4.3 4.4 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.7 8.0 8.0 8.9 ... ... 9.9
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply; water supply;
sewerage, waste management, and remediation activitiesc ... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 ... ... 0.5
Construction ... 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.2 ... ... 4.7
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles ... 5.2 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.4 7.0 7.0 7.4 8.6 8.8 8.8 8.3 8.1 8.2 8.4 ... ... 9.2
Accommodation and food service activities ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.2
Transportation and storage ... 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.1 ... ... 3.5
Information and communication ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.3
Financial and insurance activities 0.3
Real estate activities 0.3
Other service activitiesd 14.9 5.7 6.5 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.3 7.6 7.7 7.2 6.8 6.8 7.7 8.4 8.2 8.1 ... ... 9.7
Unemployed 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 ... ... 3.8
Unemployment rate (%) 7.8 7.8 8.5 8.3 7.7 7.7 6.1 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.6 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.0 5.9 ... ... 5.8
Labor force (% annual change) 0.7 2.1 4.4 2.1 3.7 2.3 7.9 2.1 3.2 5.1 1.8 1.6 2.6 1.7 -0.4 1.6 ... ... 2.4
Labor force participation ratee (%) 42.8 43.3 43.3 43.3 43.7 43.7 45.0 45.2 45.2 45.7 45.9 45.7 45.7 45.7 45.5 45.2 ... ... 44.3
Male 70.4 70.3 70.3 70.3 70.6 70.6 72.0 70.1 69.5 69.3 68.8 68.7 68.7 68.9 68.1 67.8 ... ... 68.0
Female 13.7 14.4 14.4 14.4 15.9 15.9 18.9 19.1 19.6 20.7 21.5 21.7 21.7 21.5 22.2 22.0 ... ... 20.1

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS fiscal year ending 30 June (PRs billion)

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 4,243.4 4,627.6 4,920.5 5,374.4 6,203.7 7,126.2 8,216.2 9,239.8 10,637.8 13,199.7 14,867.0 18,276.4 20,046.5 22,385.7 25,168.8 27,443.0 29,075.6 31,962.6 34,396.5*
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 1,087.0 1,119.8 1,134.8 1,228.8 1,432.0 1,636.2 1,775.3 2,014.3 2,393.5 2,998.6 3,461.3 4,592.7 4,753.1 5,335.0 5,976.2 6,536.1 6,750.0 7,313.3 7,764.2*
Mining and quarrying 99.8 119.9 135.9 160.9 202.2 198.4 254.3 297.2 324.3 413.3 475.4 494.7 642.2 697.0 741.0 707.2 652.8 645.9 710.9*
Manufacturing 433.7 492.1 522.2 583.2 729.2 904.8 1,065.3 1,226.0 1,572.9 1,679.1 1,943.8 2,527.7 2,809.7 3,037.3 3,408.5 3,510.5 3,512.6 3,829.9 4,171.5*
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply 120.6 121.9 112.9 117.6 164.5 157.7 110.1 101.2 146.1 147.0 209.9 406.2 439.6 368.0 406.2 480.5 541.9 574.0 590.4*
Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities
Construction 90.5 98.1 98.6 104.5 119.7 158.9 186.4 221.8 269.1 293.9 302.6 318.5 378.1 423.4 484.4 540.9 601.1 685.1 778.6*
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 686.0 759.4 788.6 871.5 1,050.6 1,274.4 1,523.1 1,720.4 2,201.7 2,479.8 2,824.1 3,568.2 4,006.8 4,369.5 4,924.5 5,045.3 5,104.9 5,791.6 6,326.7*
Accommodation and food service activities
Transportation and storage 501.6 585.1 669.1 734.2 786.1 858.1 959.5 1,080.2 1,065.7 1,693.8 1,834.5 1,923.4 1,905.7 2,311.8 2,474.8 3,107.8 3,518.9 3,699.2 3,673.4*
Information and communication
Financial and insurance activities 100.0 115.3 134.8 127.3 125.7 187.5 282.9 342.8 401.1 481.3 474.7 536.3 570.5 522.3 584.1 596.0 544.3 591.7 662.8*
Real estate activities 301.2 321.7 342.3 356.9 385.1 443.6 504.7 560.0 637.0 707.3 789.2 886.4 984.1 1,092.7 1,229.1 1,371.4 1,506.4 1,668.5 1,845.7*
Professional, scientific, and technical activities ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Administrative and support service activities ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 231.8 247.4 273.7 300.8 328.4 361.2 425.2 470.7 529.1 654.1 778.0 1,009.4 1,244.7 1,486.1 1,660.4 1,818.5 2,050.6 2,263.4 2,616.8*
Education
2 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019

Pakistan
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Human health and social work

Arts, entertainment, and recreation
Other service activities 314.9 347.5 388.4 425.5 467.0 537.1 628.8 701.3 814.9 994.1 1,155.0 1,384.1 1,626.9 1,860.2 2,139.7 2,375.5 2,619.0 2,955.4 3,266.0*
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and
services-producing activities of households for own use ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Gross value added at basic prices 3,967.3 4,328.0 4,601.3 5,011.3 5,790.5 6,718.0 7,715.8 8,735.8 10,355.3 12,542.3 14,248.5 17,647.6 19,361.5 21,503.3 24,028.9 26,089.7 27,402.3 30,017.9 32,407.0*
Taxes less subsidies on production and imports 276.1 299.6 319.2 363.1 413.3 408.2 500.4 504.0 282.5 657.4 618.4 628.9 685.0 882.3 1,139.9 1,353.3 1,673.3 1,944.7 1,989.5*
Net factor income from abroad -48.0 -54.5 23.7 151.8 124.5 134.5 149.9 157.6 208.9 346.3 566.2 820.2 1,035.7 1,161.6 1,428.2 1,674.8 1,782.9 1,744.6 1,817.3*
GNI 4,195.4 4,573.1 4,944.2 5,526.2 6,328.2 7,260.7 8,366.1 9,397.4 10,846.7 13,546.0 15,433.2 19,096.7 21,082.2 23,547.3 26,597.0 29,117.8 30,858.5 33,707.2 36,213.7*

Structure of Output (% of GDP at basic prices)

Agriculture 27.4 25.9 24.7 24.5 24.7 24.4 23.0 23.1 23.1 23.9 24.3 26.0 24.5 24.8 24.9 25.1 24.6 24.4 24.0*
Industry 18.8 19.2 18.9 19.3 21.0 21.1 20.9 21.1 22.3 20.2 20.6 21.2 22.1 21.0 21.0 20.1 19.4 19.1 19.3*
Services 53.8 54.9 56.4 56.2 54.3 54.5 56.0 55.8 54.6 55.9 55.1 52.7 53.4 54.1 54.2 54.9 56.0 56.5 56.8*

Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 4,243.4 4,627.6 4,920.5 5,374.4 6,203.7 7,126.2 8,216.2 9,239.8 10,637.8 13,199.7 14,867.0 18,276.4 20,046.5 22,385.7 25,168.8 27,443.0 29,075.6 31,962.6 34,396.5*
Final consumption expenditure 3,545.2 3,866.7 4,131.6 4,449.5 5,125.9 6,115.1 7,236.9 8,110.1 9,746.7 11,844.2 13,385.0 16,610.7 18,630.5 20,554.9 23,100.1 24,901.5 26,554.4 29,796.5 32,499.7*
Household final consumption 3,202.0 3,526.7 3,728.9 4,004.6 4,644.3 5,583.4 6,379.5 7,197.8 8,709.6 10,455.8 11,851.3 14,831.3 16,527.8 18,091.8 20,391.2 21,890.3 23,266.5 26,197.5 28,243.6*
NPISHs final consumption
Government final consumption 343.1 340.0 402.7 444.9 481.5 531.7 857.5 912.3 1,037.2 1,388.5 1,533.7 1,779.4 2,102.6 2,463.1 2,708.9 3,011.2 3,287.9 3,599.0 4,256.2*
Gross capital formation 745.9 805.2 793.0 895.9 1,019.5 1,262.9 1,588.3 1,735.9 2,043.1 2,316.5 2,349.7 2,580.7 3,022.2 3,348.3 3,683.5 4,310.5 4,560.8 5,144.2 5,649.5*
Gross fixed capital formation 678.0 731.2 714.2 810.0 920.3 1,148.9 1,456.9 1,588.0 1,872.9 2,105.3 2,111.8 2,288.3 2,701.5 2,990.1 3,280.8 3,871.4 4,095.6 4,632.8 5,099.1*
Public 218.2 232.8 161.4 170.3 218.7 268.8 347.7 420.8 509.0 565.8 553.9 590.5 751.1 787.8 797.0 1,028.2 1,099.7 1,427.3 1,727.9*
Private 459.9 498.4 552.9 639.7 701.6 880.1 1,109.2 1,167.3 1,363.8 1,539.4 1,557.9 1,697.8 1,950.3 2,202.3 2,483.8 2,843.2 2,995.9 3,205.5 3,371.2*
Changes in inventories 67.9 74.0 78.7 86.0 99.3 114.0 131.5 147.8 170.2 211.2 237.9 292.4 320.7 358.2 402.7 439.1 465.2 511.4 550.3*
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports of goods and services 514.3 617.1 677.9 815.2 883.7 1,019.8 1,161.3 1,221.0 1,317.2 1,636.2 2,009.5 2,552.6 2,485.1 2,972.2 3,081.3 2,910.2 2,659.2 2,632.3 2,933.9*
Exports of goods ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports of services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Less: Imports of goods and services 562.0 661.5 681.9 786.2 825.4 1,271.6 1,770.4 1,827.2 2,469.2 2,597.2 2,877.2 3,467.6 4,091.3 4,489.8 4,696.2 4,679.1 4,698.8 5,610.3 6,686.6*
Imports of goods ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Imports of services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –*

Structure of Demand (% of GDP at current market prices)

Household final consumptionf 75.5 76.2 75.8 74.5 74.9 78.4 77.6 77.9 81.9 79.2 79.7 81.1 82.4 80.8 81.0 79.8 80.0 82.0 82.1*
Government final consumption 8.1 7.3 8.2 8.3 7.8 7.5 10.4 9.9 9.7 10.5 10.3 9.7 10.5 11.0 10.8 11.0 11.3 11.3 12.4*
Gross capital formation 17.6 17.4 16.1 16.7 16.4 17.7 19.3 18.8 19.2 17.5 15.8 14.1 15.1 15.0 14.6 15.7 15.7 16.1 16.4*
Changes in inventories 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6*
Exports of goods and services 12.1 13.3 13.8 15.2 14.2 14.3 14.1 13.2 12.4 12.4 13.5 14.0 12.4 13.3 12.2 10.6 9.1 8.2 8.5*
Imports of goods and services 13.2 14.3 13.9 14.6 13.3 17.8 21.5 19.8 23.2 19.7 19.4 19.0 20.4 20.1 18.7 17.1 16.2 17.6 19.4*

At Constant Prices
GDP by industrial origin at constant 2005/2006 market prices 6,031.6 6,246.0 6,402.7 6,772.6 7,283.7 7,758.5 8,216.2 8,613.2 8,759.8 9,007.8 9,152.6 9,404.1 9,733.9 10,161.9 10,636.9 11,140.1 11,755.8 12,426.0 13,100.7*
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 1,524.8 1,513.8 1,525.3 1,592.6 1,638.0 1,753.0 1,775.3 1,836.1 1,869.3 1,934.7 1,939.1 1,977.2 2,048.8 2,103.6 2,156.1 2,202.0 2,205.4 2,251.0 2,336.8*
Mining and quarrying 189.5 201.3 216.3 239.5 291.7 245.5 254.3 273.0 281.6 274.7 282.3 269.8 283.7 294.7 298.9 313.7 333.1 331.8 341.9*
 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019 3

Pakistan
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Manufacturing 584.6 645.9 672.2 721.2 839.3 973.8 1,065.3 1,161.6 1,232.4 1,181.0 1,197.2 1,227.1 1,252.7 1,313.4 1,387.6 1,441.5 1,494.6 1,581.5 1,680.2*
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply 179.0 162.0 136.9 140.3 196.8 180.9 110.1 96.1 131.8 115.8 135.1 221.4 224.5 165.3 164.1 186.2 203.7 215.5 219.5*
Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities
Construction 134.4 141.4 140.7 146.5 136.4 159.3 186.4 210.4 242.8 218.8 237.0 216.8 223.4 225.8 239.3 256.7 291.8 320.5 349.8*
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 952.3 1,008.9 1,033.4 1,102.1 1,220.1 1,390.7 1,523.1 1,612.1 1,703.7 1,652.9 1,682.5 1,718.0 1,746.5 1,808.1 1,894.4 1,943.6 2,035.5 2,187.4 2,351.7*
Accommodation and food service activities
Transportation and storage 768.9 810.3 820.9 857.0 881.4 918.9 959.5 1,025.7 1,082.5 1,137.0 1,170.6 1,198.9 1,254.1 1,304.7 1,355.6 1,424.3 1,493.8 1,560.2 1,616.0*
Information and communication
Financial and insurance activities 157.9 168.4 173.2 185.3 209.6 243.6 282.9 308.7 328.1 296.4 286.8 274.7 279.2 302.4 315.4 335.4 357.0 395.5 419.7*
Real estate activities 410.4 425.8 440.7 455.1 471.1 487.6 504.7 524.9 546.0 567.9 590.7 614.5 639.0 664.5 691.1 718.7 747.3 777.1 808.2*
Professional, scientific, and technical activities ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Administrative and support service activities ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 314.4 321.5 343.7 370.5 382.8 385.7 425.2 436.8 437.7 462.2 499.0 569.2 632.1 703.7 723.8 758.7 832.5 882.0 982.7*
Education
Human health and social work
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
Other service activities 414.5 437.1 471.6 501.9 530.7 570.0 628.8 657.5 693.3 738.6 781.1 832.9 886.2 932.8 990.8 1,050.8 1,122.0 1,211.6 1,286.1*
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
services-producing activities of households for own use
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Gross value added at basic prices 5,630.7 5,836.5 5,974.9 6,312.1 6,797.9 7,309.1 7,715.8 8,143.0 8,549.1 8,580.0 8,801.4 9,120.3 9,470.3 9,819.1 10,217.1 10,631.6 11,116.8 11,714.1 12,392.6*
Taxes less subsidies on production and imports 400.9 409.5 427.7 460.5 485.7 449.4 500.4 470.3 210.6 427.8 351.2 283.8 263.7 342.8 419.8 508.5 639.0 711.8 708.1*
Net factor income from abroad -85.2 -84.0 36.5 225.8 161.2 157.7 149.9 146.5 152.1 201.6 310.5 372.7 386.6 403.1 474.0 548.9 675.1 669.6 692.7*
GNI 5,946.4 6,162.0 6,439.2 6,998.4 7,444.9 7,916.2 8,366.1 8,759.7 8,911.9 9,209.4 9,463.0 9,776.8 10,120.5 10,565.0 11,110.9 11,689.0 12,430.9 13,095.5 13,793.4*

Growth of Output (% annual change)

GDP ... 3.6 2.5 5.8 7.5 6.5 5.9 4.8 1.7 2.8 1.6 2.7 3.5 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.6 5.4 5.8*
Agriculture ... -0.7 0.8 4.4 2.8 7.0 1.3 3.4 1.8 3.5 0.2 2.0 3.6 2.7 2.5 2.1 0.2 2.1 3.8*
Industry ... 5.8 1.3 7.0 17.4 6.5 3.6 7.7 8.5 -5.2 3.4 4.5 2.5 0.8 4.5 5.2 5.7 5.4 5.8*
Services ... 5.1 3.5 5.7 6.4 8.1 8.2 5.6 4.9 1.3 3.2 3.9 4.4 5.1 4.5 4.4 5.7 6.5 6.4*

Expenditure on GDP at 2005/2006 market prices 6,031.6 6,246.0 6,402.7 6,772.6 7,283.7 7,758.5 8,216.2 8,613.2 8,759.8 9,007.8 9,152.6 9,404.1 9,733.9 10,161.9 10,636.9 11,140.1 11,755.8 12,426.0 13,100.7*
Final consumption expenditure 5,333.3 5,467.8 5,632.8 5,838.6 6,179.7 6,804.0 7,236.9 7,503.2 7,732.2 7,805.5 7,951.4 8,273.1 8,711.3 8,977.8 9,434.0 9,766.3 10,518.1 11,390.9 12,214.5*
Household final consumption 4,835.1 5,003.1 5,093.2 5,274.3 5,613.7 6,218.6 6,379.5 6,655.0 6,891.8 6,858.8 7,010.2 7,331.7 7,700.7 7,865.4 8,304.9 8,545.4 9,196.7 10,000.1 10,626.9*
NPISHs final consumption
Government final consumption 498.2 464.7 539.6 564.3 566.0 585.4 857.5 848.2 840.3 946.7 941.3 941.4 1,010.6 1,112.4 1,129.1 1,220.9 1,321.4 1,390.8 1,587.7*
Gross capital formation 1,090.6 1,118.2 1,073.2 1,142.9 1,227.3 1,389.4 1,588.3 1,629.6 1,700.3 1,626.9 1,520.6 1,418.8 1,454.8 1,495.2 1,536.4 1,760.0 1,888.0 2,068.2 2,185.5*
Gross fixed capital formation 994.1 1,018.2 970.7 1,034.5 1,110.7 1,265.3 1,456.9 1,491.8 1,560.2 1,482.8 1,374.2 1,268.3 1,299.1 1,332.6 1,366.3 1,581.8 1,699.9 1,869.4 1,975.9*
Public 332.8 326.8 224.2 211.9 269.7 306.3 347.7 393.6 419.0 382.4 333.1 296.8 334.9 327.1 304.0 391.1 421.6 537.5 629.6*
Private 661.3 691.4 746.5 822.7 841.1 959.0 1,109.2 1,098.2 1,141.2 1,100.4 1,041.1 971.5 964.1 1,005.5 1,062.3 1,190.7 1,278.3 1,331.9 1,346.3*
Changes in inventories 96.5 99.9 102.4 108.4 116.5 124.1 131.5 137.8 140.2 144.1 146.4 150.5 155.7 162.6 170.2 178.2 188.1 198.8 209.6*
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports of goods and services 606.6 680.4 748.2 960.5 945.8 1,056.7 1,161.3 1,178.8 1,125.1 1,087.3 1,258.1 1,288.0 1,094.8 1,243.4 1,225.0 1,147.3 1,128.9 1,120.1 1,231.2*
Exports of goods ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports of services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Less: Imports of goods and services 998.8 1,020.4 1,051.5 1,169.4 1,069.1 1,491.7 1,770.4 1,698.3 1,797.9 1,511.9 1,577.6 1,575.8 1,527.0 1,554.6 1,558.6 1,533.5 1,779.2 2,153.3 2,530.6*
Imports of goods ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Imports of services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
4 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019

Pakistan
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Growth of Demand (% annual change)

Household final consumptionf ... 3.5 1.8 3.6 6.4 10.8 2.6 4.3 3.6 -0.5 2.2 4.6 5.0 2.1 5.6 2.9 7.6 8.7 6.3*
Government final consumption ... -6.7 16.1 4.6 0.3 3.4 46.5 -1.1 -0.9 12.7 -0.6 0.0 7.3 10.1 1.5 8.1 8.2 5.3 14.2*
Gross capital formation ... 2.5 -4.0 6.5 7.4 13.2 14.3 2.6 4.3 -4.3 -6.5 -6.7 2.5 2.8 2.8 14.6 7.3 9.5 5.7*
Exports of goods and services ... 12.2 10.0 28.4 -1.5 11.7 9.9 1.5 -4.6 -3.4 15.7 2.4 -15.0 13.6 -1.5 -6.3 -1.6 -0.8 9.9*
Imports of goods and services ... 2.2 3.0 11.2 -8.6 39.5 18.7 -4.1 5.9 -15.9 4.3 -0.1 -3.1 1.8 0.3 -1.6 16.0 21.0 17.5*

Investment Financing at Current Prices

Gross capital formation 745.9 805.2 793.0 895.9 1,019.5 1,262.9 1,588.3 1,735.9 2,043.1 2,316.5 2,349.7 2,580.7 3,022.2 3,348.3 3,683.5 4,310.5 4,560.8 5,144.2 5,649.5*
Gross national saving 864.3 999.8 1,149.1 1,460.3 1,587.6 1,660.9 1,764.9 1,930.2 1,908.0 2,613.2 3,118.4 3,840.4 4,090.3 4,831.0 5,525.5 6,481.5 6,731.5 6,383.2 6,564.1*
Gross domestic savingg 698.2 760.9 788.9 924.9 1,077.8 1,011.1 979.2 1,129.6 891.0 1,355.5 1,482.0 1,665.7 1,416.0 1,830.7 2,068.7 2,541.5 2,521.2 2,166.1 1,896.7*
Net factor income from abroad -48.0 -54.5 23.7 151.8 124.5 134.5 149.9 157.6 208.9 346.3 566.2 820.2 1,035.7 1,161.6 1,428.2 1,674.8 1,782.9 1,744.6 1,817.3*
Net current transfers from abroadh 214.0 293.3 336.5 383.6 385.3 515.3 635.7 642.9 808.0 911.4 1,070.2 1,354.5 1,638.5 1,838.7 2,028.6 2,265.1 2,427.4 2,472.5 2,850.1*

Savings and Investment (% of GDP at current market prices)

Gross domestic saving 16.5 16.4 16.0 17.2 17.4 14.2 11.9 12.2 8.4 10.3 10.0 9.1 7.1 8.2 8.2 9.3 8.7 6.8 5.5*
Gross national saving 20.4 21.6 23.4 27.2 25.6 23.3 21.5 20.9 17.9 19.8 21.0 21.0 20.4 21.6 22.0 23.6 22.9 19.4 19.1*
Gross domestic capital formation 17.6 17.4 16.1 16.7 16.4 17.7 19.3 18.8 19.2 17.5 15.8 14.1 15.1 15.0 14.6 15.7 15.7 16.1 16.4*

At Current Market Pricesi (PRs)

Per capita GDP 30,854 32,969 34,369 36,624 41,455 46,720 52,881 58,417 64,604 78,486 86,572 104,252 112,048 122,641 135,178 144,536 150,215 162,033 171,161*
Per capita GNI 30,506 32,581 34,534 37,659 42,287 47,601 53,846 59,413 65,873 80,545 89,869 108,931 117,837 129,005 142,849 153,357 159,426 170,877 180,204*

PRODUCTION INDEXESj period averages

Agriculture; 1999/2000 = 100 | 2005/2006 = 100 100.0 93.0 96.5 104.0 106.9 104.1 | 100.0 115.5 125.0 112.8 110.7 118.5 123.3 130.1 139.8 133.1 136.5 152.3 161.2*
Mining; 1999/2000 = 100 | 2005/2006 = 100 100.0 105.6 112.5 119.6 134.8 148.7 | 100.0 103.7 108.9 108.1 110.2 108.0 113.7 115.3 118.5 120.5 121.6 123.2 129.8*
Manufacturing; 1999/2000 = 100 | 2005/2006 = 100 100.0 101.0 114.8 123.1 146.4 173.0 | 100.0 109.5 116.1 109.1 109.6 111.1 112.4 117.4 123.7 127.9 131.9 139.6 146.9*

ENERGY annual values

Crude petroleumk (t ‘000)
Production 2,780 2,874 3,162 3,198 3,084 3,288 3,263 3,355 3,490 3,276 3,231 3,277 3,350 3,795 4,237 4,627 4,246 4,329 4,368
Exports 362 441 242 157 36 37 – – – – – – – – 25 566 318 190 383
Imports ... 6,826 6,758 6,958 8,233 8,325 8,236 7,974 8,215 7,967 6,521 6,715 6,615 6,950 8,037 8,332 8,676 8,660 10,331
Consumption 18,053 17,931 17,232 16,716 13,637 14,907 14,863 17,117 18,370 18,199 19,439 19,190 18,978 19,704 21,109 22,160 23,287 25,562 24,678

Coal (t ‘000)
Production 3,255 3,285 3,512 3,609 3,325 3,367 3,881 3,702 4,066 3,679 3,536 3,292 3,179 2,813 3,340 3,408 3,749 3,954 4,510
Exports – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 0 1 ... ... ...
Imports 957 950 1,081 1,578 2,789 3,307 2,843 4,251 5,987 4,652 4,658 4,267 4,057 3,710 3,119 5,004 4,885 7,021 13,684
Consumption 4,125 4,044 4,409 4,890 6,065 7,894 7,714 7,894 10,111 8,390 8,139 7,717 7,670 6,889 6,558 8,715 9,027 11,186 17,981

Natural gas (m3 million)

Production 23,056 24,789 26,161 27,965 33,886 37,893 39,444 39,826 40,970 41,153 41,995 41,676 44,151 42,646 42,302 41,511 41,958 41,684 41,318
Exports – – – – – – – – – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 473 2,404 4,456 7,493
Consumption 20,137 21,929 23,353 24,575 29,622 32,711 34,486 34,428 35,928 35,765 36,189 35,137 36,483 35,905 34,560 34,690 36,956 39,006 41,198
 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019 5

Pakistan
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Electricityl (kWh million)

Production 66,562 68,117 73,180 75,682 80,899 86,321 93,629 98,666 97,916 92,848 96,613 101,385 97,281 98,535 108,150 110,128 115,503 123,533 134,982
Exports – – – – – – – – – – ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Imports – – – – – – – – – – ... ... ... ... 419 443 463 496 556
Consumption 45,587 48,585 50,622 52,656 57,491 61,327 67,603 72,712 73,400 70,371 74,348 77,099 76,761 76,789 83,409 85,818 90,431 95,529 106,927

Retail prices (PRs/L)

Gasoline, premium 26 30 33 33 34 49 58 54 59 67 68 76 93 100 110 70 76 ... ...
Diesel 12 17 19 21 23 32 39 38 42 61 70 82 100 108 114 81 81 ... ...

PRICE INDEXES period averages

Consumer (national); 2000/2001 | 2007/2008 = 100 95.8 100.0 103.5 106.8 111.6 122.0 131.6 141.9 | 100.0 117.0 128.9 146.5 162.6 174.5 189.6 198.2 203.8 212.3 220.6
Food and nonalcoholic beverages ... 100.0 102.5 105.4 111.7 125.7 134.4 148.2 | 100.0 123.1 139.1 164.1 182.2 195.2 212.7 220.2 219.4 226.6 233.0
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics ... 100.0 113.6 136.7 151.6 165.0 191.0 223.4 269.9 329.3 368.9 310.1
Clothing and footwear ... 100.0 103.2 106.8 109.7 113.0 117.6 123.7 | 100.0 111.7 119.2 133.4 153.5 175.6 198.0 213.8 224.2 233.4 244.5
Housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... | 100.0 112.0 122.1 135.3 146.2 151.3 164.6 174.9 183.9 192.9 202.5
Furnishings, household equipment, and routine household maintenance ... 100.0 103.8 105.3 115.7 117.3 124.3 131.6 | 100.0 116.0 123.9 135.6 160.3 179.9 195.9 208.7 217.4 223.9 233.1
Health ... 100.0 102.4 105.6 106.9 107.9 110.7 120.9 | 100.0 108.0 114.3 123.8 138.0 156.6 167.2 176.2 182.7 201.8 218.1
Transport ... 100.0 103.8 105.3 115.7 120.2 131.0 134.6 | 100.0 125.2 132.8 149.0 171.4 186.4 195.2 187.2 174.3 172.9 182.2
Communication ... 100.0 105.6 109.7 122.5 122.9 126.2 129.8 130.1 130.6 131.8 133.3
Recreation and culture ... 100.0 106.3 107.2 106.1 105.9 105.7 105.8 | 100.0 114.3 127.9 134.6 145.4 169.1 183.8 190.3 194.2 196.3 200.2
Education ... 100.0 105.0 109.7 114.2 117.6 125.0 133.8 | 100.0 108.2 119.4 128.2 143.8 156.7 172.6 196.4 213.0 235.7 264.8
Restaurants and hotels ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... | 100.0 123.5 140.4 164.0 185.8 203.6 228.6 244.6 256.8 256.8 285.9
Miscellaneous goods and services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... | 100.0 117.7 133.6 152.5 181.5 199.5 210.2 221.1 228.2 240.2 255.0
Wholesale; 2000/2001 | 2007/2008 = 100 94.2 100.0 102.0 107.8 116.3 124.1 136.7 146.2 | 100.0 118.9 135.4 164.2 181.3 194.6 210.5 209.9 207.6 216.0 223.5
Implicit GDP deflator; 2005/2006 = 100 70.4 74.1 76.9 79.4 85.2 91.9 100.0 107.3 121.4 146.5 162.4 194.3 205.9 220.3 236.6 246.3 247.3 257.2 262.6*

Price indexes (% annual change)

Consumer price index 3.6 4.4 3.5 3.1 4.6 9.3 7.9 7.8 12.0 17.0 10.1 13.7 11.0 7.4 8.6 4.5 2.9 4.2 3.9
Food and nonalcoholic beverages price indexm ... ... 2.5 2.8 6.0 12.5 6.9 10.3 17.6 23.5 12.6 18.3 11.0 6.7 8.6 2.6 1.0 3.3 2.8
Wholesale price index 1.8 6.2 2.0 5.6 7.9 6.8 10.1 6.9 16.4 18.9 13.8 21.2 10.4 7.4 8.2 -0.3 -1.0 4.0 3.5
Implicit GDP deflator ... 5.3 3.7 3.3 7.3 7.8 8.9 7.3 13.2 20.7 10.9 19.6 6.0 7.0 7.4 4.1 0.4 4.0 2.1*

MONEY AND BANKINGn fiscal year ending 30 June (PRs billion)

Money supply (M1) 820.8 876.6 1,000.3 1,211.8 2,174.7 2,512.2 2,720.7 3,155.6 | 3,297.0 3,621.2 4,131.2 4,852.5 5,526.4 6,616.8 7,616.7 8,884.0 10,310.3 11,892.2 13,109.4
Currency in circulation 355.7 375.4 433.8 494.6 577.0 666.4 741.3 840.4 | 976.8 1,146.1 1,289.4 1,495.2 1,667.2 1,929.8 2,169.1 2,547.0 3,323.2 3,898.8 4,374.4
Demand deposits 465.1 501.1 566.5 717.2 1,597.7 1,845.8 1,979.3 2,315.2 | 2,320.2 2,475.1 2,841.8 3,357.3 3,859.2 4,687.0 5,447.6 6,337.0 6,987.1 7,993.3 8,735.0
Quasi-money 579.8 649.5 761.1 866.9 299.9 453.0 687.1 897.4 | 1,232.6 1,342.8 1,478.1 1,696.7 1,900.3 2,063.4 2,160.5 2,148.2 2,320.6 2,493.8 2,645.4
Money supply (M2)o 1,400.6 1,526.0 1,761.4 2,078.7 2,474.6 2,965.2 3,407.8 4,053.0 | 4,536.8 4,969.9 5,615.1 6,555.5 7,433.2 8,687.9 9,785.0 11,038.0 12,638.9 14,394.7 15,763.3
Money supply (M3) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... | 5,643.4 6,348.3 7,218.7 8,394.7 9,460.9 11,097.1 12,435.1 14,024.8 15,858.9 17,842.0 19,413.5
Foreign assets (net) -15.7 61.7 271.5 577.5 629.9 687.4 786.5 1,063.4 | 851.5 751.7 856.1 1,137.0 884.9 606.5 973.2 1,174.9 1,461.1 1,095.4 257.8
Domestic credit 1,512.6 1,541.9 1,561.0 1,630.0 2,010.6 2,517.4 3,010.9 3,517.7 | 4,673.5 5,414.7 6,013.6 6,808.6 8,162.1 9,784.4 10,602.3 12,067.1 13,440.8 15,500.2 17,681.2
Claims on government sector (net) 677.1 637.1 638.4 561.0 621.3 713.8 802.9 898.3 | 1,482.4 2,019.1 2,462.9 3,046.2 4,327.9 5,909.4 6,252.5 7,302.9 8,157.0 9,224.7 10,338.4
Claims on private sector 835.5 904.8 922.6 1,069.0 1,195.9 1,600.9 1,957.4 2,294.8 | 2,861.3 2,904.9 3,009.3 3,212.3 3,227.7 3,303.9 3,661.5 4,013.9 4,398.2 5,145.9 5,964.4
Claims on other financial institutions – – – – 77.6 96.3 114.3 160.4 | 131.2 125.8 108.2 113.9 228.5 148.4 140.7 116.8 120.2 103.7 109.6
Claims on public nonfinancial institutions ... ... ... ... 115.8 106.4 136.2 164.1 | 198.6 364.9 433.2 436.2 377.9 422.8 547.6 633.4 765.4 1,025.9 1,268.9
Other itemsp -96.3 -77.6 -71.2 -128.8 -165.8 -239.6 -389.6 -528.1 | -988.2 -1,196.5 -1,254.7 -1,390.1 -1,613.9 -1,703.0 -1,790.5 -2,204.0 -2,263.0 -2,200.9 -2,175.7
6 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019

Pakistan
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Money supply (M2) (% annual change) 9.4 9.0 15.4 18.0 19.0 19.8 14.9 18.9 11.9 9.5 13.0 16.7 13.4 16.9 12.6 12.8 14.5 13.9 9.5
M2 (% of GDP at current market prices) 33.0 33.0 35.8 38.7 39.9 41.6 41.5 43.9 42.6 37.7 37.8 35.9 37.1 38.8 38.9 40.2 43.5 45.0 45.8*

Deposit Money Banksq

Demand deposits 233.3 290.0 339.5 408.2 555.3 704.4 803.8 918.3 1,028.0 1,194.6 1,365.7 1,680.8 1,909.3 2,250.2 2,945.4 3,209.0 3,531.8 4,209.4 4,740.7
Savings deposits 583.5 644.8 747.0 957.9 1,118.2 1,264.1 1,332.3 1,456.9 1,572.7 1,605.6 1,844.0 2,087.6 2,400.4 2,930.7 3,157.1 3,924.9 4,369.2 4,940.5 5,415.4
Time deposits 323.5 341.3 334.7 315.4 328.8 459.7 681.2 997.3 1,211.5 1,337.4 1,483.4 1,720.9 1,909.7 1,953.5 1,949.1 2,019.1 2,256.7 2,442.2 2,492.9
Loans and advancesr 797.5 864.3 885.0 969.9 1,242.4 1,694.2 2,071.2 2,376.2 2,815.6 3,080.3 3,174.5 3,310.8 3,530.0 3,664.5 4,133.0 4,503.9 5,078.2 5,965.9 7,122.8
Domestic credits outstandings 1,114.8 1,188.7 1,390.1 1,741.2 1,896.0 2,251.6 2,611.1 3,176.1 3,641.1 4,252.1 4,804.5 5,601.8 6,449.1 7,564.5 8,185.9 10,124.5 11,984.8 13,146.3 14,065.5

Interest rates period averages (% per annum)

On deposits
Savings deposits 5.8 5.7 3.5 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.7 2.1 4.9 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.7 5.9 6.3 4.7 3.7 3.5 4.1
Time: 6 months 7.2 7.4 6.3 2.2 1.5 3.6 4.5 5.1 5.8 6.5 6.9 7.4 6.6 6.1 6.5 5.3 4.5 4.3 4.8
12 months 7.4 8.1 6.7 3.0 2.2 4.2 4.6 5.9 7.0 7.6 7.2 7.7 7.2 6.4 6.9 5.9 4.7 4.3 4.6

GOVERNMENT FINANCE fiscal year ending 30 June (PRs billion)

Consolidated Government
Total revenue and grants 512.5 553.0 624.1 720.8 824.5 919.4 1,120.9 1,327.2 1,530.0 1,883.4 2,128.6 2,298.4 2,601.4 3,011.5 3,831.1 3,953.4 4,475.8 4,962.0 5,265.0
Total revenue 512.5 512.5 541.0 601.9 794.0 900.0 1,076.6 1,298.0 1,499.4 1,850.9 2,078.2 2,252.9 2,566.5 2,982.4 3,637.3 3,931.0 4,447.0 4,936.7 5,228.0
Current revenue 512.5 512.5 541.0 601.9 794.0 900.0 1,076.6 1,298.0 1,499.4 1,850.9 2,078.2 2,252.9 2,566.5 2,982.4 3,637.3 3,931.0 4,447.0 4,936.7 5,228.0
Taxes 405.6 441.6 478.1 555.8 611.0 659.4 803.8 889.7 1,050.7 1,204.7 1,472.8 1,699.3 2,052.9 2,199.2 2,564.5 3,017.6 3,660.4 3,969.2 4,467.2
Nontaxest 106.9 70.9 62.9 46.1 183.0 240.7 272.9 408.3 448.7 646.2 605.3 553.5 513.6 783.2 1,072.8 913.4 786.6 967.5 760.9
Capital receipts – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Grantsu – 40.5 83.1 118.9 30.5 19.4 44.3 29.3 30.6 32.5 50.5 45.5 34.9 29.1 193.8 22.4 28.8 25.3 37.0
Total expenditure and net lending 718.8 732.7 814.6 901.4 924.0 1,117.0 1,401.8 1,675.5 2,276.5 2,531.3 3,007.2 3,447.3 4,327.2 4,816.3 5,026.0 5,387.8 5,796.3 6,800.5 7,488.4
Total expenditure 722.0 735.5 826.5 920.9 936.0 1,170.8 1,486.0 1,809.0 2,309.5 2,490.4 2,999.5 3,406.9 4,245.4 4,437.5 5,140.5 5,538.0 5,995.8 6,891.3 7,438.3
Current expenditure 626.4 645.7 700.2 791.7 775.0 943.1 1,121.0 1,375.3 1,857.6 2,041.6 2,386.0 2,900.8 3,468.5 3,660.4 4,004.6 4,424.7 4,694.3 5,197.9 5,854.3
Capital expenditure 95.6 89.8 126.3 129.2 161.0 227.7 365.0 433.7 451.9 448.8 613.4 506.1 776.9 777.1 1,135.9 1,113.2 1,301.5 1,693.5 1,584.1
Net lendingv -3.2 -2.8 -11.9 -19.5 -12.0 -53.7 -84.2 -133.5 -32.9 40.9 7.7 40.4 81.8 378.8 -114.5 -150.2 -199.5 -90.8 50.1
Current surplus/deficit -113.9 -133.2 -159.2 -189.8 19.0 -43.0 -44.4 -77.4 -358.2 -190.7 -307.9 -647.9 -902.0 -678.0 -367.3 -493.7 -247.3 -261.1 -626.3
Capital account surplus/deficit -95.6 -89.8 -126.3 -129.2 -161.0 -227.7 -365.0 -433.7 -451.9 -448.8 -613.4 -506.1 -776.9 -777.1 -1,135.9 -1,113.2 -1,301.5 -1,693.5 -1,584.1
Overall budgetary surplus/deficitw -206.3 -179.7 -190.5 -180.6 -99.5 -197.6 -280.9 -348.3 -746.5 -647.9 -878.6 -1,148.9 -1,725.8 -1,804.8 -1,194.9 -1,434.4 -1,320.5 -1,838.5 -2,223.4
Financing
Foreign borrowing (net) 69.7 120.7 83.1 113.0 -5.9 120.4 148.9 147.2 151.3 149.7 188.9 107.7 128.7 -1.7 511.7 181.0 370.5 541.4 785.2
Domestic borrowing (net)x 136.6 59.0 99.0 63.9 124.7 96.6 176.3 230.4 625.9 530.8 740.2 1,086.7 1,632.1 1,835.5 877.0 1,275.7 978.9 1,322.4 1,475.2
Use of cash balancesy – – 8.4 3.7 -19.3 -19.4 -44.3 -29.3 -30.6 -32.5 – – – – – 17.5 – – 2.0

Government Finance (% of GDP at current market prices)

Total revenue 12.1 11.1 11.0 11.2 12.8 12.6 13.1 14.0 14.1 14.0 14.2 12.5 12.8 13.3 14.5 14.4 15.0 15.5 15.2*
Taxes 9.6 9.5 9.7 10.3 9.8 9.3 9.8 9.6 9.9 9.1 10.0 9.4 10.2 9.8 10.2 11.0 12.4 12.5 13.0*
Total expenditure 17.0 15.9 16.8 17.1 15.1 16.4 18.1 19.6 21.7 18.9 20.4 18.9 21.2 19.8 20.4 20.2 20.3 21.6 21.6*
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -4.9 -3.9 -3.9 -3.4 -1.6 -2.8 -3.4 -3.8 -7.0 -4.9 -6.0 -6.4 -8.6 -8.1 -4.7 -5.2 -4.5 -5.8 -6.5*

EXTERNAL TRADE fiscal year ending 30 June (PRs billion)

Exports, fob 447.2 542.8 565.3 655.2 733.1 860.2 992.6 1,039.0 1,242.2 1,405.6 1,640.9 2,151.4 2,129.2 2,376.4 2,599.8 2,417.7 2,185.4 2,168.8 2,594.3
Imports, cif 534.7 627.7 635.3 714.7 898.6 1,227.8 1,711.8 1,852.0 2,512.8 2,725.2 2,911.0 3,457.4 4,012.2 4,349.9 4,632.4 4,665.1 4,679.5 5,561.9 6,723.3
Trade balance -87.6 -85.0 -70.1 -59.5 -165.6 -367.6 -719.2 -813.0 -1,270.6 -1,319.6 -1,270.1 -1,305.9 -1,883.0 -1,973.5 -2,032.5 -2,247.4 -2,494.1 -3,393.2 -4,129.0
 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019 7

Pakistan
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

External Trade (% annual change)

Exports 13.5 21.4 4.1 15.9 11.9 17.3 15.4 4.7 19.5 13.2 16.7 31.1 -1.0 11.6 9.4 -7.0 -9.6 -0.8 19.6
Imports 14.6 17.4 1.2 12.5 25.7 36.6 39.4 8.2 35.7 8.5 6.8 18.8 16.0 8.4 6.5 0.7 0.3 18.9 20.9

Direction of Trade calendar year ($ million)

Exports, total 8,876.5 9,211.4 9,886.0 11,929.0 13,287.5 16,049.3 16,895.1 17,782.0 20,207.5 17,522.1 21,485.2 25,433.2 24,784.1 25,162.8 24,731.3 22,139.5 20,547.1 21,503.7 23,167.9
1. United States 2,236.9 2,233.9 2,419.0 2,751.7 3,119.2 3,978.8 4,343.4 3,853.5 3,653.9 3,178.1 3,674.5 3,839.2 3,668.5 3,746.3 3,646.5 3,661.6 3,429.7 3,551.8 3,740.8
2. China, People’s Republic of 237.3 289.3 235.7 259.8 299.7 435.6 506.6 613.8 726.7 973.8 1,435.9 1,679.0 2,619.9 2,652.2 2,252.9 1,934.9 1,590.9 1,459.7 1,844.4
3. United Kingdom 586.0 626.8 716.4 842.3 970.3 907.6 935.9 967.4 1,000.4 931.9 1,113.9 1,258.8 1,247.4 1,432.0 1,654.6 1,572.8 1,557.6 1,625.9 1,714.3
4. Afghanistan 121.9 142.8 223.2 408.6 464.9 1,065.1 991.5 837.7 1,447.6 1,357.6 1,684.7 2,660.3 2,099.3 1,998.1 1,879.1 1,722.2 1,369.8 1,389.7 1,220.7
5. Germany 508.4 479.1 486.4 608.1 664.0 724.6 697.5 726.0 880.0 705.5 981.2 1,312.2 988.5 1,081.0 1,215.5 1,146.3 1,186.2 1,266.0 1,284.8
6. United Arab Emirates 560.0 697.1 834.5 1,121.0 982.0 1,256.2 1,241.8 2,114.7 2,009.8 1,477.8 1,834.9 1,921.0 2,872.9 1,775.1 1,324.1 899.0 784.7 832.7 927.0
7. Spain 160.1 167.3 189.3 268.2 321.5 386.0 476.3 486.6 491.0 406.1 474.1 569.7 503.5 602.5 789.8 782.3 837.3 905.0 922.5
8. Netherlands 237.2 241.5 264.5 316.8 367.8 378.3 433.9 453.0 560.1 390.9 408.1 535.4 449.2 627.5 684.7 666.9 650.8 757.8 941.1
9. Italy 217.6 251.3 275.9 401.9 530.7 582.8 621.6 682.6 702.2 550.4 642.2 777.5 521.4 641.8 767.2 618.1 667.3 700.5 763.1
  10. Bangladesh 139.3 119.5 103.8 166.3 197.5 234.4 266.8 279.3 422.3 365.2 636.8 947.2 696.0 718.4 687.6 700.6 656.2 644.2 746.4

Imports, total 10,721.9 10,165.5 11,238.1 13,048.5 17,757.7 25,410.8 29,825.8 32,593.9 42,326.6 31,645.0 37,537.0 43,578.3 43,813.3 43,775.2 47,544.9 43,989.6 46,998.3 57,286.2 60,207.8
1. China, People’s Republic of 537.9 485.0 699.6 957.6 1,499.2 2,348.7 2,914.9 4,164.2 4,738.1 3,774.2 5,247.7 6,470.7 6,687.6 6,626.3 9,588.4 11,019.0 13,680.2 15,356.3 14,213.4
2. United Arab Emirates 1,139.4 1,302.0 1,317.8 1,455.1 1,772.6 2,620.0 3,408.4 2,766.9 3,777.9 3,454.1 5,247.8 6,818.8 7,210.8 7,751.5 7,077.2 5,734.7 6,202.1 7,530.4 8,710.8
3. Saudi Arabia 1,136.9 1,137.6 1,315.2 1,416.8 2,067.4 2,819.4 3,033.2 4,011.8 5,954.9 3,488.4 3,837.9 4,668.3 4,283.5 3,847.2 4,417.4 3,006.8 1,843.1 2,729.4 3,197.0
4. United States 653.1 569.3 723.3 788.3 1,726.5 1,531.8 1,885.8 2,607.8 2,061.8 1,800.6 1,627.8 1,753.2 1,509.6 1,669.8 1,799.6 1,916.8 2,006.8 2,773.3 2,872.4
5. Indonesia 168.3 187.3 287.5 266.0 470.7 684.3 808.9 877.0 1,191.7 653.7 675.7 929.8 1,351.3 1,208.3 2,107.2 2,041.8 2,088.8 2,578.2 2,399.9
6. Japan 607.5 527.7 675.4 861.9 1,153.0 1,633.5 1,872.4 1,655.0 1,724.3 1,284.1 1,594.7 1,860.3 1,875.4 1,963.2 1,753.0 1,725.9 1,961.4 2,283.6 2,284.3
7. India 177.6 241.1 162.5 226.4 455.4 577.4 1,115.0 1,266.2 1,691.5 1,079.9 1,559.9 1,607.3 1,572.6 1,874.1 2,104.8 1,669.3 1,644.4 1,688.1 1,992.5
8. Kuwait 1,274.1 793.2 757.6 831.8 1,000.0 1,263.8 1,881.2 1,853.0 3,443.5 1,798.2 2,608.0 3,891.1 4,208.8 3,948.7 2,955.0 1,712.7 1,272.0 1,468.3 1,445.0
9. Germany 388.6 404.5 488.9 576.0 706.6 1,145.0 1,190.3 1,127.4 1,465.6 1,267.8 985.6 1,000.5 1,144.0 1,433.6 1,070.5 972.2 996.5 1,109.0 1,317.1
  10. Malaysia 439.2 435.1 509.4 601.1 634.0 731.7 765.8 1,157.5 1,693.7 1,605.6 2,054.7 2,728.0 2,132.0 1,919.7 1,280.1 911.0 944.6 1,099.3 1,175.9

BALANCE OF PAYMENTSz fiscal year ending 30 June ($ million)

Current account balance -217 326 2,723 | 4,070 1,811 -1,534 -4,990 -6,878 -13,874 -9,261 -3,946 214 -4,658 -2,496 -3,130 -2,795 -4,867 -12,621 -18,989
Balance on goods -1,412 -1,269 -294 | -359 -1,257 -4,450 -8,321 -9,572 -14,834 -12,540 -11,452 -10,427 -15,652 -15,355 -16,590 -17,267 -19,283 -26,680 -31,178
Exports 8,190 8,933 9,140 | 10,974 12,461 14,481 16,572 17,301 20,448 19,126 19,680 25,369 24,718 24,802 25,078 24,090 21,972 22,003 24,824
Imports 9,602 10,202 9,434 | 11,333 13,718 18,931 24,893 26,873 35,282 31,665 31,132 35,796 40,370 40,157 41,668 41,357 41,255 48,683 56,002
Balance on services -2,794 -3,142 -2,617 | -2 -1,338 -3,357 -4,550 -4,309 -6,593 -3,468 -1,774 -2,029 -3,305 -1,564 -2,650 -2,970 -3,406 -4,339 -5,719
Credit 1,501 1,464 2,027 | 2,712 2,642 3,315 3,740 4,107 3,564 4,087 5,213 5,745 5,013 6,724 5,345 5,878 5,459 5,555 5,312
Debit 4,295 4,606 4,644 | 2,714 3,980 6,672 8,290 8,416 10,157 7,555 6,987 7,774 8,318 8,288 7,995 8,848 8,865 9,894 11,031
Balance on primary income -2,211 -2,207 -2,386 -2,667 -3,582 -3,923 -4,407 -3,282 -3,017 -3,245 -3,669 -3,955 -4,599 -5,347 -5,048 -5,487
Credit 170 187 437 784 940 1,613 874 561 716 826 488 508 644 608 662 679
Debit 2,381 2,394 2,823 3,451 4,522 5,536 5,281 3,843 3,733 4,071 4,157 4,463 5,243 5,955 5,710 6,166
Balance on secondary income 3,989 4,737 5,634 | 6,642 6,613 8,659 10,548 10,585 11,476 11,154 12,562 15,687 17,544 18,092 20,065 22,041 23,169 23,446 23,395
Credit 4,034 4,782 5,678 | 6,714 6,713 8,768 10,655 10,658 11,618 11,256 12,672 15,863 17,686 18,183 20,222 22,305 23,297 23,647 23,615
Debit 45 45 44 | 72 100 109 107 73 142 102 110 176 142 91 157 264 128 201 220
Capital account – – 110 | 1,133 82 685 241 304 121 455 175 161 183 264 1,857 375 273 375 391
Credit ... ... ... | 1,133 85 693 250 309 128 460 180 161 186 266 1,857 375 279 375 391
Debit ... ... ... | – 3 8 9 5 7 5 5 – 3 2 – – 6 – –
Financial account -4,181 -642 -1,107 | 487 1,211 -563 -5,473 -9,972 -8,131 -5,632 -5,097 -2,101 -1,280 -549 -5,553 -5,074 -6,790 -10,198 -13,337
8 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019

Pakistan
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Direct investment 473 286 483 | -771 -906 -1,459 -3,450 -5,026 -5,335 -3,695 -2,075 -1,591 -744 -1,258 -1,572 -915 -2,286 -2,663 -3,082
Portfolio investment -550 -140 -491 | 239 -314 -620 -986 -3,283 -32 1,073 65 -338 144 -26 -2,762 -1,886 429 250 -2,258
Financial derivatives – – –| – – – – – – – – – – – 2 -2 – – –
Other investments -4,104 -788 -1,099 | 1,019 2,431 1,516 -1,037 -1,663 -2,764 -3,010 -3,087 -172 -680 735 -1,221 -2,271 -4,933 -7,785 -7,997
Net errors and omissions 505 626 928 | 523 222 -7 253 179 257 118 -60 16 -80 -309 -422 -8 456 102 -857
Overall balance -3,893 310 2,654 | -5,239 -904 293 -977 -3,577 5,365 3,056 -1,266 -2,492 3,275 1,992 -3,858 -2,646 -2,652 1,946 6,118
Reserves and related items 3,893 -310 -2,654 | 5,239 904 -293 977 3,577 -5,365 -3,056 1,266 2,492 -3,275 -1,992 3,858 2,646 2,652 -1,946 -6,118
International investment position ... ... ... | -26,544 -27,791 -29,117 -35,379 -50,754 -52,298 -54,822 -59,164 -59,824 -63,760 -70,991 -76,339 -76,701 -89,982 -104,681 ...

Balance of Payments (% of GDP at current market prices)

Exports 10.4 12.0 11.1 11.8 11.7 12.1 12.2 11.4 13.5 11.8 11.3 12.0 11.5 11.3 10.1 9.0 7.9 7.3 8.8*
Imports 12.1 13.7 11.5 12.2 12.9 15.8 18.3 17.7 23.4 19.6 17.8 16.9 18.8 18.2 16.7 15.5 14.9 16.1 19.8*
Balance on goods -1.8 -1.7 -0.4 -0.4 -1.2 -3.7 -6.1 -6.3 -9.8 -7.8 -6.6 -4.9 -7.3 -7.0 -6.7 -6.5 -6.9 -8.8 -11.0*
Current account balance -0.3 0.4 3.3 4.4 1.7 -1.3 -3.7 -4.5 -9.2 -5.7 -2.3 0.1 -2.2 -1.1 -1.3 -1.0 -1.8 -4.2 -6.7*
Overall balance -4.9 0.4 3.2 -5.6 -0.8 0.2 -0.7 -2.4 3.6 1.9 -0.7 -1.2 1.5 0.9 -1.5 -1.0 -1.0 0.6 2.2*

INTERNATIONAL RESERVES as of end of period ($ million)

Total 2,056.3 4,234.8 8,762.0 11,673.8 10,616.0 10,947.9 12,816.3 15,689.5 8,903.0 13,770.6 17,210.3 18,094.1 13,796.8 7,821.5 14,293.4 20,045.1 22,050.1 18,455.5 11,708.8
Gold, national valuation 543.0 594.8 683.7 732.8 817.0 915.0 1,273.1 1,645.4 1,708.8 2,452.4 2,864.4 3,566.2 3,555.3 2,665.5 2,486.3 2,215.4 2,399.6 2,690.7 2,534.2
Foreign exchange 1,499.0 3,636.0 8,076.0 10,693.0 9,554.0 9,817.0 11,327.6 13,829.0 7,011.5 9,937.6 13,115.4 13,474.3 9,320.3 4,305.6 11,053.3 17,156.8 19,016.2 15,203.4 8,763.1
Reserve position in the IMF 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
SDRs 14.2 3.9 2.1 248.0 245.0 215.9 215.6 215.0 182.6 1,380.5 1,230.3 1,053.5 921.0 850.2 753.6 672.8 634.1 561.2 411.4

EXCHANGE RATES (PRs–$)

End of period 58.0 60.9 58.5 57.2 59.1 59.8 60.9 61.2 79.1 84.3 85.7 90.0 97.1 105.7 100.5 104.9 104.8 110.4 138.8
Average of period 53.6 61.9 59.7 57.8 58.3 59.5 60.3 60.7 70.4 81.7 85.2 86.3 93.4 101.6 101.1 102.8 104.8 105.5 121.8

EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS as of end of year ($ million)

Total debt outstanding and disbursed 33,021.5 31,914.7 33,806.9 36,464.3 36,331.6 34,017.9 37,174.4 42,006.0 49,523.5 56,339.8 62,801.1 64,468.9 62,066.5 58,011.6 61,549.2 65,817.8 72,157.1 84,522.8 ...
Long-term debt 29,752.1 28,580.4 30,004.2 32,858.7 32,946.7 31,052.7 34,134.4 38,128.1 43,539.9 45,829.0 47,876.1 50,888.1 50,355.8 48,247.0 51,061.5 52,985.2 57,801.5 68,272.7 ...
Public and publicly guaranteed 27,192.2 26,482.4 28,005.9 31,239.7 31,409.7 30,089.2 33,227.4 36,934.7 40,355.9 42,564.0 43,403.1 45,129.1 44,737.8 43,434.0 46,334.5 48,246.2 51,676.7 60,048.9 ...
Private nonguaranteed 2,559.9 2,098.0 1,998.3 1,619.0 1,537.0 963.5 907.0 1,193.3 3,184.0 3,265.0 4,473.0 5,759.0 5,618.0 4,813.0 4,727.0 4,739.0 6,124.8 8,223.8 ...
Short-term debt 1,518.7 1,313.8 1,540.0 1,245.0 1,245.0 1,230.0 1,322.0 2,228.0 1,370.0 1,466.0 4,667.0 3,619.0 4,027.0 4,652.0 5,487.0 6,474.0 7,121.0 8,586.0 ...
Use of IMF credit 1,750.7 2,020.5 2,262.7 2,360.6 2,139.9 1,735.2 1,718.0 1,650.0 4,613.6 9,044.8 10,258.0 9,961.8 7,683.7 5,112.5 5,000.7 6,358.5 7,234.6 7,664.1 ...

External debt (% of GNI) 45.2 44.7 46.5 42.5 36.3 30.4 26.6 27.1 28.6 32.6 34.1 28.9 26.3 23.9 23.8 22.9 24.4 26.3 ...
Total long-term debt (% of total debt) 90.1 89.6 88.8 90.1 90.7 91.3 91.8 90.8 87.9 81.3 76.2 78.9 81.1 83.2 83.0 80.5 80.1 80.8 ...
Short-term debt (% of total debt) 4.6 4.1 4.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 5.3 2.8 2.6 7.4 5.6 6.5 8.0 8.9 9.8 9.9 10.2 ...
Debt service (% of exports of goods and services) 28.4 28.4 23.4 20.5 26.4 12.5 10.8 11.4 11.3 15.1 15.0 9.2 15.3 22.7 15.4 14.0 15.5 22.8 ...

Debt Service transactions during the year ($ million)

Principal repayments on long-term debt 1,588.1 1,957.9 1,782.5 1,634.8 2,956.5 1,466.1 1,333.1 1,375.2 1,765.8 2,240.6 3,015.9 1,664.7 1,687.1 2,424.4 2,004.1 2,559.1 2,929.1 4,942.9 5,312.5
Interest on long-term debt 858.4 755.6 738.5 783.3 701.9 681.0 807.7 993.8 1,031.5 909.1 880.5 816.7 783.0 749.4 745.0 993.7 1,223.9 1,558.3 2,180.7
Interest on short-term debt 78.4 57.4 55.0 35.0 32.0 55.7 53.5 127.1 33.2 18.3 19.6 41.6 22.0 21.0 27.3 71.9 50.5 132.8 ...
 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019 9

Pakistan
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Average terms of new commitments

Interest (% per annum) 6.3 2.8 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.3 4.8 3.9 2.2 1.7 2.3 1.1 2.0 2.0 3.6 2.4 2.9 4.8 ...
Maturity (years) 12.6 20.0 25.3 19.5 23.0 23.0 20.3 24.4 23.1 23.3 22.0 29.1 20.9 21.7 17.6 18.1 16.7 12.7 ...
Grace period (years) 3.0 5.4 5.9 5.0 6.9 7.4 8.8 8.0 5.9 6.8 7.3 6.4 5.4 4.9 6.7 5.8 4.6 5.0 ...
Grant element (%) 19.9 46.5 58.8 50.6 55.5 55.3 36.4 46.2 54.2 57.5 55.0 65.6 48.7 53.8 42.2 48.3 42.8 30.4 ...

... = data not available; | = marks break in series; – = magnitude equals zero; 0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed; * = provisional, preliminary, estimate, budget figure; $ = United States dollars; cif = cost, insurance, and freight; fob = free on board; GDP = gross domestic product;
GNI = gross national income; IMF = International Monetary Fund; km2 = square kilometer; kWh = kilowatt-hour; L = liter; m3 = cubic meter; NPISHs = nonprofit institutions serving households; PRs = Pakistan rupees; SDRs = special drawing rights; t = metric ton.

Note: A base year represented as, e.g., 2005/2006, corresponds to the fiscal year (e.g., beginning 1 July 2005 and ending 30 June 2006) and related data is presented in the column for the single year during which most of the fiscal year occurred (e.g., 2006) .

a For 2017, data refer to provisional values based on the 6th Population and Housing Census, and may not be comparable with data for 2000–2016 and 2018, which shows revised values of the midyear population projections by the National Institute of Population Studies.
b For 2017, refers to the average annual growth rate covering 1998–2017.
c For 2000, included in other services.
d For 2000, includes electricity, gas, and water; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services. For 2001 onward, includes financial and insurance activities; and real estate activities.
e Refers to refined activity participation rates. Refined activity rate is the currently active population expressed as a percentage of the population 10 years and older. This rate enables international comparison by factoring in the effect of age composition.
f Includes NPISHs.
g Estimated as the difference between GDP by industrial origin at current market prices and sum of private consumption expenditure and government consumption expenditure.
h Derived from balance-of-payments data.
i Calculated using midyear population projections by the National Institute of Population Studies. Values may not tally with total population as of 1 July, which shows revised values of the midyear population projections
by the National Institute of Population Studies for 2000–2016 and 2018, and provisional values based on the 6th Population and Housing Census for 2017.
j Refers to period averages of fiscal year (July–June).
k Data were derived using conversion factor 1 metric ton = 0.9842 tons. For 2001–2002, data for crude petroleum imports were derived using conversion factor 1 barrel = 0.13 metric tons.
l Refers to annual values for fiscal year (July–June).
m For 2002–2008, growth rates were calculated using price indexes with base year 2000/2001=100 for food, nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics.
For 2009 onward, growth rates were calculated using price indexes with base year 2007/2008 = 100 for food and nonalcoholic beverages only.
n For 2008 onward, data are based on the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual methodology, and are not comparable with data prior to 2008.
o Since June 2008, coins in circulation have not been part of M2 published through the depository corporation survey by the State Bank of Pakistan. Coins are issued by the central government and are separately reflected in the monetary aggregates sheet published on the State Bank of Pakistan website.
p Adjusted to be consistent with M2.
q Scheduled bank deposits based on half-yearly returns excluding interbank deposits.
r Consists of loans and advances, which excludes all types of bills purchased and discounted.
s Taken from Monetary Survey–International Financial Statistics format. For 2008 onward, data are based on the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual methodology. Credit includes advances, bills, and investment.
t Includes surplus of autonomous bodies and grants.
u Refer to foreign grants.
v Includes statistical discrepancy.
w Derived by calculating the difference between total revenue and grants and total expenditure and net lending.
x Refers to banks and nonbanks.
y Refers to privatization proceeds.
z For 2000–2002, data are based on the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual (fifth edition). For 2003 onward, data are based on the IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (sixth edition).

Sources:

Population For 2000–2017: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS). Official communication, 19 April 2019; past communication.

Total population For 2018: Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Finance. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19. http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_1819.html (accessed 2 July 2019).
Population (% annual change)

Population density For 2018: Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates based on data from the PBS.
Urban population (% of total population)
10 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019

Pakistan
Labor Force PBS. Official communication, 19 April 2019; past communication.

National Accounts PBS. Official communication, 19 April 2019; past communication.

Gross national saving For 2018: ADB estimates based on data from the PBS.
Gross domestic saving

Statistical discrepancy ADB estimates based on data from the PBS.

Net current transfers from abroad For 2018: ADB estimates based on data from the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Production Indexes PBS. Official communication, 19 April 2019; past communication.

Energy PBS. Official communication, 19 April 2019; past communication.

Price Indexes PBS. Official communication, 19 April 2019; past communication.

Money and Banking SBP. Official communication, 12 April 2019; past communication.

Government Finance Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Finance. Official communication, 8 June 2018.

External Trade PBS. Official communication, 19 April 2019; past communication.

Direction of Trade IMF. Direction of Trade Statistics. http://data.imf.org/ (accessed 20 May 2019).

Balance of Payments SBP. Official communication, 12 April 2019; past communication.

International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics. http://data.imf.org/ (accessed 27 March 2019).

Exchange Rates IMF. International Financial Statistics. http://data.imf.org/ (accessed 27 March 2019).

External Indebtedness World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator (accessed 4 April 2019).