SHORT ANSWER Qs ON DNA

1. A nucleotide is made of three parts: a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a
nitrogen containing base
2. In a single strand of DNA, the phosphate group binds to the sugar (deoxyribose) of the
next group.

3. The 5’ end of a single DNA strand contains a free phosphate, while the 3’ end contains a
free hydrogen.

4. Chromosomes consist of what two types of macromolecule: DNA & Protein

5. DNA was not thought to be the genetic blueprint originally; instead many scientists
hypothesized that _protein contained the genetic code and blueprint of life. (They were
later proven wrong.)

6. How many rings do Purines and pyrimidines have; purine 2 ring(s); pyrimidine 1 ring?

7. In DNA, thymine is complementary to adenine; cytosine is complementary to guanine

8. In a strand of DNA, the percentage of thymine is 30 %. What is the percentage of

cytosine in the same DNA strand? 23.3%

Note: Four bases AGCT =100% If T=30% AGC=70% THEREFORE c=23.3%

9. Number the steps of DNA replication in the correct order (1, 2, 3)

a. 2 Polymerase travels down the DNA parent strand from the 3’ to 5’

direction.
b. 1 DNA unwinds
c. 3 Ligase covalently links okazaki fragments together

10. Why is DNA replication called “semi-conservative”?

Because the two parent stands separate and each new strand is made of one parental
and one newly syntheised strand

11. What enzyme unwinds or unzips the parent strand?

Helicase

12. During replication the junction between separated strands is called the replication fork

13. What enzyme synthesizes the new DNA strand?

DNA polymerase

14. What enzyme joins fragments of DNA on the lagging strand? Ligase
 SHORT ANSWER Qs ON DNA

15. DNA polymerase only travels in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

S
5’ 3’
T P
P
16. On the diagram: S
S
Label the 3’ and 5’ ends. P A P
S
S
Circle a nucleotide.
P
P C
Label the sugar and phosphate. S
S
G P
Label the bases that are not already labeled P
S S

A T P
P
S S

P C G P

S 5’
3’

17. The two strands of the DNA helix are held together by
Topoisomerase

18. Write out the complete name for DNA

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

19. A permanent change in the sequence of bases is called a(n): mutation

20. What process can prevent these errors from occurring? Proof reading by the
DNA polymerase; DNA repair.
 SHORT ANSWER Qs ON DNA

1.The accepted hypothesis for DNA replication is

A.conservative theory
B. dispersive theory
C. semi-conservative theory
D.evolutionary theory

When DNA polymerase is in contact with guanine in the parental strand, what does it add to
the growing daughter strand?
A.Phosphate B. Cytosine
C. Uracil D.Guanine

Telomeres are usually rich in which nucleotide?

A.Adenine B. Guanine
C. Thymine D.Cytosine

Which is the largest among the followings?

A.Nucleotide
B. Nitrogenous base
C. Phosphate
D.Carbon

The chromosomal DNA complexes with

A.three types of histone as H1, H2A and H4
B. five types of histone as H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4
C. four types of histone as H1, H2A, H3 and H4
D.two types of histone as H1 and H4

In DNA double helix, the two DNA chains are held together by
A.covalent bonds between the pair of bases
B. hydrogen bonds between the pair of bases
C. ionic bonds between the pair of bases
D.none of the above

The 5' and 3' numbers are related to the

A.length of the DNA strand
B. carbon number in sugar
C. the number of phosphates
D.the base pair rule

Messelsen and Stahl model of replication was called

A.conservative replication
B. semi-conservative replication
C. dispersive replication
D.Cri du Chat
 SHORT ANSWER Qs ON DNA

The most common liquid volumes in molecular biology are measured in

A.ml B. μl
C. nl D.1
.

DNA replication takes place in which direction?

A.3' to 5'
B. 5 'to 3'
C. Randomly
D.Vary from organism to organism

DNA gyrase in E. coli

A.adds positive supercoils to chromosomal DNA
B. can be inhibited with antibiotics
C. is required only at the oriC site
D.performs the same function as helicase in eukaryotes

In DNA, there are

A.five bases known as adenine, guanine, thymine, tryptophan and cytosine
B. four bases known as adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine
C. three bases known as adenine, guanine and cytosine
D.only two bases known as adenine and cytosine

In DNA, guanine pairs with

A.Adenine B. Cytosine
C. Thymine D.Uracil

Which of the following is incorrect?

A.In DNA double helix, two strands of the DNA are bound with each other with the bases
B. Adenine always pairs with thymine
C. Guanine always pairs with the cytosine
D.None of the above

What is the only common methylation in the DNA of eukaryotes?

A.Adenosine in GpA dinucleotides
B. Guanosine in ApGpA trinucleotides
C. Cytosine in CpG dinucleotides
D.None of the above

DNAs when charged, migrate in a gel towards the

A.positive pole
B. negative pole
 SHORT ANSWER Qs ON DNA

C. will not migrate

D.none of these

In the study of one experiment it was found that the value of Tm for DNA is = 40° C. If the
cell has 20% GC at the above Tm, then what will be value of 'Tm' if the GC% increases to
60%?
A.Remains same
B. Increases
C. Decreases
Can not be compared
D.
What is the range of melting point temperatures (Tm) for most DNA molecules?
A.50 to 60°C
B. 60 to 80°C
C. 70 to 90°C
80 to l00°C
D.

A cesium chloride will separate DNA molecules by

A.absorption B. resorption
C. density D.adhesion

If one cell has AT contents 40%, what will be the percentage of Guanine residue?
A.60%
B. 15%
C. 30%
D.Guanine residue can not be calculated

Which of the following enzyme adds complementary bases during replication?

A.Helicase B. Synthesase
C. Replicase D.Polymerase

Which DNA polymerase removes RNA primers in DNA synthesis?

A.Polymerase I
B. Polymerase II
C. Polymerase III
D.none of these

Enzymes, responsible for unraveling short segments of DNA is

A.DNA polymerase
B. helicase
C. DNA ligase
D.primase
 SHORT ANSWER Qs ON DNA

Enzyme, responsible for proofreading base pairing is

A.DNA polymerase
B. Telomerase
C. Primase
D.DNA ligase

Which of the following would not contain DNA?

A.Yeast
B. Bacteria
C. Glass crystals
D.Mold

The nucleosome consists of histone

A.octamer and 146 bp of DNA
B. tetramer and 146 bp of DNA
C. hexamer and 146 bp of DNA
D.none of the above

What bands will be observed in a cesium chloride gradient after two rounds of replication?
A.One light, one medium and one heavy band
B. One light and one medium band
C. One medium band
D.One medium and one heavy band

Proteins involved in opening a replication bubble are

A.DNA helicases
B. single stranded binding proteins
C. ligase
D.DNA topoisomerase

What is the main damaging effect of UV radiation on DNA?

A.Depurination
B. Formation of thymine dimers
C. Single strand break
D.Dehydration

The higher order structure of DNA shows symmetry, whereas the higher order structures of
most proteins do not. Why isn't protein shape more regular like DNA?
A.DNA has one main function in cells whereas proteins have many.
B. The many different amino acid R groups on proteins confer many different shapes.
C. Some S amino acids cause proteins to bend; others cause protein to flatten.
D.All of the above
DNA helicase is used to
A.unwind the double helix
 SHORT ANSWER Qs ON DNA

B. interact the double helix closely

C. break a phosphodiester bond in DNA strand
D.none of the above

Klenow fragment without free nucleotides exhibits

A.exonuclease activity
B. endonuclease activity
C. nickase activity
D.no activity

E.coli DNA polymerases II and III lack

A.5' → 3' exonuclease activity
B. 5' → 3' endonuclease activity
C. partially 5' → 3' exonuclease activity
D.partially 5' → 3' endonuclease activi

In sperm heads, DNA is particularly highly condensed and the histones are replaced with
small basic protein called
A.protamines
B. purines
C. pyrimidines
D.all of the above

Okazaki fragments occur during

A.transformation
B. replication
C. polymerase reaction
D.synthesis

DNA can be sequenced by the

A.chemical method
B. chain termination procedure
C. both (a) and (b)
D.physical method

Which histone(s) are associated with the linker DNA of a nucleosome?

A.Histone H1
B. Histones H2A and H2B
C. Histone H3
D.Histone H4