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Tugas Kelompok PD
Tugas Kelompok PD
Dewina 201613500531
Kelas : R7F
Persamaan
Diferensial
Homogen
Koefisien
Konstan
Akar – Akar
𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ + 4 = 0
Akar – akar real
berbeda
penyelesaian 1 1 3 −1 −3 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 +
𝑦 ′′′ + 3𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 1 4 3 0
3𝑦 = 0 𝜆2 + 4𝜆 + 3 = 0
(𝜆 + 3)(𝜆 + 1)
𝜆1 = 1 𝜆2 = −1 𝜆3 =
−3
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥 +
𝑐3 𝑒 −3𝑥
Akar -akar
kompleks
conjugate
8±√−16
𝜆1 2 = 2
8±−4𝑖
𝜆1 2 = 2
𝜆1 2 = 4 ± 2𝑖
∴ 𝑦 =(𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 +
𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥)𝑒 −4𝑥
Persamaan
Diferensial Non
Homogen
Koefisien
Konstan
Invers Operator
persamaan 1
(𝐷 − 3)(𝐷 − 2) 𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑒 4𝑥
2
diferensial (𝐷2 − 𝐷1 = 2 𝐷2 = 3
5𝐷 + 6)𝑦 = 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑦ℎ = 𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥
*Menentukan 𝑦𝑝
1
𝑦𝑝 = (𝐷−2)(𝐷−3) 𝑒 4𝑥
1
= (𝐷−2) 𝑒 3𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 . 𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
= (𝐷−2) 𝑒 3𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
= (𝐷−2) 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 )
1
= (𝐷−2) 𝑒 4𝑥
= 𝑒 2𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 . 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 2𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
= 𝑒 2𝑥 [2 𝑒 2𝑥 ]
1
= 2 𝑒 4𝑥
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝
1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑒 4𝑥
2
Koefisien tak
tentu
umum persamaan 1 1 −3 −1 −3 𝑐3 𝑒 −𝑥 +
diferensial 6
1 −2 −3+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 −
65
𝑦 ′′′ − 3𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ + 1 −2 −3 0 4
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
65
3𝑦 = 8𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝜆2 − 2𝜆 − 3 = 0
(𝜆 − 3)(𝜆 + 1)
𝜆1 = 1 𝜆2 = 3 𝜆3 = −1
𝑦ℎ = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 −𝑥
*Menentukan 𝑦𝑝
𝑟(𝑥) = 8𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
𝑦 ′ = −2𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 +
2𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑦 ′′ = −4𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 +
4𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑦 ′′′ = 8𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 −
8𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
*Substitusikan
(8𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − 8𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) −
3(−4𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 +
4𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) − (−2𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 +
2𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) + 3(𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 +
𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥) = 8𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
(8𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − 8𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) +
12𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 12𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 +
2𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 3𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 +
3𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 8𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
(10𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 15𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥) +
(15𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 10𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) =
8𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
(10𝐴 + 15𝐵)𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 +
(15𝐴 − 10𝐵)𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 =
8𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
15𝐴 + ×2 30𝐴 −
10𝐵 = 20𝐵 = 4
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
10𝐴 + ×1 30𝐴 +
15𝐵 = 45𝐵 = 0
0 −
−65𝐵 = 4
4
𝐵 = − 65
*mencari nilai 𝐴
4
15𝐴 − 10 (− 65) = 2
40
15𝐴 + 65 = 2
40
15𝐴 = 2 − 65
90
15𝐴 = 65
90 1
𝐴 = 65 × 15
6
𝐴 = 65
6 4
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
65 65
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 +
6
𝑐3 𝑒 −𝑥 + 65 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 −
4
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
65
Variasi
parameter
persamaan 𝜆2 − 36 = 0 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 +
variasi parameter. 34
*Menentukan 𝑊 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 6𝑥 +
1296
𝑦 ′′ + 36𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +
𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 1
𝑊=| | 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 6𝑥 +
1 −6𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 6𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 36
34
= 6𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 6𝑥 + 6𝑠𝑖𝑛2 6𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 6𝑥
1296
=6
𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥(𝑥 2 +1)
𝑢 = −∫ 𝑑𝑥
6
1
= − 6 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 +
𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 1
= − 6 [− 6 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 +
2 2
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 + 216 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 −
36
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥]
6
1
= 36 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 −
2 2
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 − 1296 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 +
216
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥
36
𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥+(𝑥 2 +1)
𝑣= 𝑑𝑥
6
1
= 6 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 +
𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 1
= 6 [6 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 +
2 2
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 − 216 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 +
36
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥]
6
1
= 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 +
36
2 2
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 − 1296 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 +
216
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥
36
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑢𝑦1 + 𝑣𝑦2
1
= [36 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 −
2 2
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 − 1296 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 +
216
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥] 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 +
36
1
[36 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 +
2 2
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 − 1296 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 +
216
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 ] 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥
36
1
= [36 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 −
2
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 −
216
2 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 + 36 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥] +
1296
1
[36 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 +
2 2
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 − 1296 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 +
216
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 ]
36
1
= 36 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 6𝑥 +
34
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 6𝑥 +
1296
1 34
𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 6𝑥 + 1296 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 6𝑥
36
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 +
1
𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥 + 36 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 6𝑥 +
34
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 6𝑥 +
1296
1 34
𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 6𝑥 + 1296 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 6𝑥
36
Metode singkat
(𝐷 − 3)(𝐷 − 3) = 0 𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑒 4𝑥
(𝐷2 − 6𝐷 + 𝐷1 2 = 3
9)𝑦 = 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑦ℎ = 𝑐1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥
*Menentukan 𝑦𝑝
1
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐷2 −6𝐷+9 𝑒 4𝑥
1
= 42 −6.4+9 𝑒 4𝑥
= 𝑒 4𝑥
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑒 4𝑥
Persamaan
Diferensial
Cauchy
Homogen
4𝑦 = 0 𝑥 2 𝐷2 𝑦 = 𝐷(𝐷 − 1)𝑦, 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 −4 + 𝑐2 𝑥
𝑑
dimana 𝐷 = 𝑑𝑧
Persamaan diferensial
tereduksi menjadi
[𝐷(𝐷 − 1) + 4𝐷 − 4] = 0
[𝐷2 − 𝐷 + 4𝐷 − 4] = 0
[𝐷2 + 3𝐷 − 4] = 0 →
𝐾𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝐾𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎
*Persamaan karakteristik
𝜆2 + 3𝜆 − 4 = 0
(𝜆 + 4)(𝜆 − 1) = 0
𝜆 1 = −4
𝜆2 = 1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −4𝑧 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑧
Karena 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑧 maka 𝑧 =
ln 𝑥
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 −4 + 𝑐2 𝑥
Non – homogen
berikut: 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑧 → 𝑧 = ln 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 2 + 𝑐2 𝑥 3 −
(𝑥 2 𝐷2 − 4𝑥𝐷 + 𝑥𝐷𝑦 = 𝐷𝑦 1 1 1
𝑥 − 6 xln 𝑥 − 36
4
𝑑
dimana 𝐷 = 𝑑𝑧
Persamaan Diferensial
tereduksi menjadi:
(𝐷(𝐷 − 1) − 4𝐷 + 6)𝑦 =
𝑒𝑧 + 𝑧
(𝐷2 − 𝐷 − 4𝐷 + 6)𝑦 =
𝑒𝑧 + 𝑧
(𝐷2 − 5𝐷 + 6)𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑧 + 𝑧
*Menentukan 𝑦𝑝
1
𝑦𝑝 = (𝐷−2)(𝐷−3) (𝑒 𝑧 + 𝑧)
1
= (𝐷−2) 𝑒 3𝑧 ∫(𝑒 𝑧 +
𝑧)𝑒 −3𝑧 𝑑𝑧
1 1
= (𝐷−2) 𝑒 3𝑧 [− 2 𝑒 −2𝑧 −
1 1
𝑧 3 𝑒 −3𝑧 − 9 𝑒 −3𝑧 ]
1 1 1
= (𝐷−2) [4 𝑒 𝑧 − 3 𝑧 −
1
] . 𝑒 −2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
9
1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 ∫ 4 𝑒 −𝑧 − 3 𝑒 −2𝑧 −
1
𝑒 −2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
9
1 1
= 𝑒 2𝑧 [− 4 𝑒 −𝑧 − 6 𝑒 −𝑧 −
1 1
𝑒 −2𝑧 + 18 𝑒 −2𝑧 ]
12
1 1
= − 4 𝑒 −𝑧 − 6 𝑒 −𝑧 −
1 1
+ 18
12
1 1 1
= − 4 𝑒 −𝑧 − 6 𝑒 −𝑧 − 36
Solusi umum PD :
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑧 + 𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑧 −
1 1 1
𝑒 −𝑧 − 6 𝑒 −𝑧 − 36
4
Karena 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑧 maka 𝑧 =
ln 𝑥
1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥 2 + 𝑐2 𝑥 3 − 4 𝑥 −
1 1
ln 𝑥. 𝑥 − 36
6
1
= 𝑐1 𝑥 2 + 𝑐2 𝑥 3 − 4 𝑥 −
1 1
xln 𝑥 − 36
6