SE Pee PHYSICS Spectrum PUL 2017 Rapid Peres a Urol TEST RiDER FOR JEE MEDi QUEST FOR NEET. aa) 1e) 1 GOLDEN OLDIES RAINBOW FUN ARCADECBSE CLASS XI & XII EXAMINATION 2017 Fast Track Revision at the Start of the Book Three Stages; |I,II & III of Sample Papers CE KGS ek ek Be eek sampurquesmion parens [MM snPic QUESTION pens CHEMISTRY a x ear) aE) SE) RE A 2/2115: Lis} ars) CERT} CTR SE) SEPHYSICS pectrum Publisher ARULIAIN airman YCIAIN “Soria Head” SANJAY SHARMA ‘Publishing Manager” AMITVERMA Projet Head ZERA SIDDIQUE Coortinator PRACHISENGH SAINI stNatt Produton Manager ANIL KUMAR GUPTA a1 s21s61988 relation &- Advertisement Gener Manager Covere-Layout Design SHANU MANSOOR age Designer AMITBANSAL Diagram BRAMAMEAL SINGH ‘Dpesetting_NAYANK, SANDEER, ARJUN, VIFIN NISAR ANKITUMAR. iy Eire Prof Reader Hea ofice ARIBANT MEDIA PROMOTERS KALINDI, TP NAGAR, MEERUT Phone o42i-240149,2512970 x 01212401668 mail spectrum@arihambooks com Iikbste — wwewaribantbooks com Creation ARIGANT MEDIA PROMOTERS [Repl Offce 457715, AGARWAL ROAD, DDARYA GAN}, NEW DELITL-2 rt 01147630500, © Publisher Phated and Published by Paral infor Arihant Media Promoters Printed a ations (nda) Ld cert (UR) TRNag + aight reserved No pr fh agin can be pristedin ‘el or inpat wou the writen peceione be pubes 1 Thesdtr and peblshr of thie magne de theres serytheifortion pels, bt coe tk ny ‘rps rhe srt aearacy fhe inraton pobtbed + Alesse to Meera (2) retool The a Syoltelaav at Dear Aspirants, For many of you the month of December is very precious as itis the fst month to gear up your studies. Fr an aspzantitis very dificult to maintain a proper balance beween ‘emotions, perlormanc,alitude, work preseure and time aalability during thie ‘month This balancing requires coo, calm and focused approach. o, in my opinion one ‘ms follow no aggression ~ only devotion policy curing thie month. (Change or Updatons are the prime requirements olive in system with dynamically changing environment We as Spectrum family ls follow the same and always ty (0 incorporate something new for you, With this ideology in thie ist Mega issue of this season swith more pages, more practice and more features we ae introducing to new columns from this issue Rapid Concept Revision and, ‘Test Drive ‘Both ofthese columns are targeted to fine tune your preparations in synchrony with ‘Target 2017. Hope these columns wil prove their woth with a dflerence and you wil like the change, Remember “Happiness is not the absence of problems; it's the ability to deal with them.” ‘Steve Maraboli ‘open up yoursel, be positive and work hard to succeed. The spectrum team willbe anxiously waiting for your feedbacks and comments. Good luck genet Contents Rapid Concept Revision @ Class XT (02) Test Rider JEE Main Prep Up (26) Test Rider JEE Main Scale Up (32) Explication (35) JEE Advaneed Drill (36) Rainbow : Atoms (45) Concept Map (48) Rapid Concept Revision @ Class XII (50) Golden Oldie: Amplifier : Thermal Properties of Matter (77) Medi Quest (79) Do You Know (83) Test Drive Board Exam Prep Up (84) +: Dual Nature of Matter & Radiation (73) Test Drive Board Exam Scale Up (88) Brain Teasers (91) Fun Arcade (94) Quizzer (96)@ CLASS XI SYLLABUS Rapid CONCEPT REVISION (> UNITS, DIMENSIONS AND MEASUREMENTS UNITS AND DIMENSIONS Laws of Physics requires a correct measurement of physical quantities to express a relation between thom, Hence, measurement is an important part of every physical phenomenon, A. Unit Arbitrary chosen, standardised and internationally accepted value of a physical quantity which is used to compare the quantity to be measured is called unit. ‘Measured value of any physical quantity is Nxw N=numeric value = unit of physical quantities. where, and Fundamental Units Units which are independent of other units are called fundamental units. In SI system there are seven fundamental units. Derived Units Units which can be expressed in terms of fundamental units are called derived units. 08 » DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM B. SI System of Units In th general conference on weights and measures (in 1971), SI system is formed, Seven physical quantities are selected as fundamental quantities Quantity Unit Symbol 1. | Length Metre ™ 2, | Mass Kilogram, kg 3, | Time Second . 4, | Electric current Ampere A 5. | Temperature Kelvin K 6. |Luminousintensity | Candela ed 7. | Amount of substance | Mole mol There are two supplementry quantities () Plane angle measured in radians (rad). Gi) Solid angle measured in steradians (sr) Advantages of SI System SI system has following advantages over other systems of units @ STis a rational system In SI system, only one unit is used for one physical quantity. (ii) ST is a coherent system All derived units can be obtained easily from fundamental units. This eliminates need to define extra units. ii) ST is a metrie system All multiples and sub-multiples of units are obtained by multiplying unit with powers of 10,C. Dimensional Formula Dimensional formula ofa physical quantity is the symbolic representation of powers of fundamental quantities which appears in that physical quantity. Powers to which fundamental quantities are raised are called dimensions. eg. Dimensional formula for work is(ML?T~*] Dimensions of work are 1 in mass, 2in length and ~ 2 in time. Principle of Homogeneity of Dimensions Dimensions of physical quantity on the left hand side of a equation must be same as that of dimensions of physical quantities occurring on right hand side of same equation. ‘This also leads us to the fact that two physical quantities can be added or subtracted only when they have same dimensions, Conversion of Units Ifa physical quantity @ has dimensional formula [M°L!T"] and if (derived) units of that physical quantity in two systems are (MjL"T’ Jand [M%L'Ts respectively and n, and nny be the numerical values in the two systems respectively, then Q= nly] =ngluy] =m (MILAN) =n, OMSLYTS] 5 nen MT [lal [RT 2" Tats) Lie Lae] where M,, L, and, are fundamental units of mass, length and time in the first (known) system and M,, L, andT; are fundamental units of mass, length and time in the second (unknown) system. ‘Thus, knowing the values of fundamental units in two systems and numerical value in one system, the numerical value in other system may be evaluated, Best Practice ‘SHOTS, 1. Heat radiated by a body at absolute temperature of TKisQ =o AT*, where o =a constant and A=area of ‘the body. In energy ~ length ~ time — temperature (EL -T-K) system then, the dimensions of ois @Er'L (ET (BLK * fqn %K-* In van der Waals’ equation, N (° + ES) (V-6)=constant, If p indicates pressure and V is volume of gas then, unit of @ is @Nm> = @)Nm'— NewS Nm? 3. 6. 7. 10. © RAPID CONCEPT REVISION Dimensions of quantity X in the equation Force = Density (itis r=* MT) oeL?T-*] w@oer?T) If E denotes energy, m denotes mass, L denotes angular momentum, and G denotes gravitational constant. Then dimensions of 22 ie that of a ands win oa ome . cra Forma for Young's moduhsisy =F Where, F'=force, L = length, A=area and Al= change in length. Conversion factor to convert value of Young’s modulus from CGS to MKS unit is @. @10 foo" @io* If velocity (v), acceleration (A) and force (F) are taken as fundamental quantities instead of mass (MM), length (L) and time (7), the dimension of Young's modulus would be (@ FA*v-*] @paev-5) @raN-4 @ ra") Of the following quantities, which one has dimensions different from the remaining three? (a) Energy per unit volume (@) Force per unit area (@) Product of voltage and charge per unit volume (@) Angular momentum per unit mass ‘The number of particles crossing per unit area perpendicular to X-axis in unit time isN = where, m, and n, are number of particles per unit volume for the value of and x,, respectively. The dimensions of diffusion constant D are f@ LT?) wo MLTs) MT) @ vr) ‘The ratios L/R and R/C (L = inductance, R = resistance and C capacitance) have the dimensions as those of (a) velocity (©) acceleration (time () force A dimensionally consistent relation for the volume V of a liquid of coefficient of viscosity flowing per second through a tube of radius r and length J and having a pressure p across its end is, (©) enti 8pr* (@) apy 8r* (a) xpr! 18 (©) 8pnt! rt PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 03© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION ERROR IN MEASUREMENTS A. Accuracy, Precision and Error Every measurement contains an uncertainty called error. Accuracy of a Measurement Accuracy of a measurement is a measure of how close the ‘measured value is to true value, Precision of Measurement Precision is limit of resolution of measurement of the physical quantity Error Error in a measured value =Measured value —True value. Error may be expressed in one of the following forms (@) Absolute error = Mean value of all ‘measurements ~ Observation = Aa, = ay, ~ 4, Where, g,, is the mean value of all observations + + Oy + oy Gi) Mean absolute error = Arithmetic mean of all errors Ay + Aay + Gi) Fractional or relative error ‘Mean absolute error ~ Mean value of observations (iv) Percentage error = 9 x 100% B. Error Propagation A measured value may be a composition of two or more measurements. In such cases, total error can be calculated as 1. Error when measured value is a sum of the quantities Suppose x=a +5 Let Aa = absolute error in measurement of ‘Ab= absolute error in measurement of b Ax =absolute error in calculation of xi, sum of and, ‘The maximum absolute errorin xis Ax =+ (Aa + AB) Sor x 100% Percentage error in the value of. 2. Error when measured value is a difference of the quantities Suppose x=a—b Let Aa ~ absolute error in measurement of a, bsolute error in measurement of 8 \bsolute error in calculation of xi. difference of aandb, ‘The maximum absolute error in xis Ax=+ (Aa + Ab) Pereentage error in the value of x = (04 > DECEMBER 2016 8. Error when measured value is a product of quantities Suppose x= axb Let Aa = absolute error in measurement of a ‘Ab= absolute error in measurement of 8 ‘Ax=absolute error in calculation of rie. product of a and b. ‘The maximum fractional error in xis Ae (# ) ab Percentage error in the value of x= (Percentage error in value of a) + (Percentage error in value of 6) 4. Error when measured value is a ratio of quantities Suppose x e Let Aa =absolute error in measurement of a, b= absolute error in measurement of b ‘Ax ~absolute error in calculation of xi.e. division ofa and, The maximum fractional error in x is Box(% ab cae Percentage error in the value of x= (Percentage error in value of a) + (Percentage error in value of 6) 5. Error when measured value is a quantity om Let Aa = absolute error in measurement of a raised to some power Suppose Ab= absolute error in measurement of & Ax = absolute error in calculation of x ‘The maximum fractional error in xis May (» Sm 2) ¥ a8 Percentage error in the value of x= (Percentage error in value of a) + m (Percentage error in value of 8) Best Practice, ‘SHOTS, 11. A physical quantity a is given by a=p%q?/r's', If maximum errors in measurement of p,q,7, and s are eq%%,ep%,€5% and e,% respectively then the ‘maximum percentage error in the value of @ is ater etes Wat e~e~% (chou + Bey = vey ~ Bey Cd) ae, + Bea + Ws + Bey 12. Weight of a body in air is found to be (5: 0.05) N and. its weight in water is found to be 440.04 N. The relative density of body is (a)5411% — )5EIG (o)5=6% © (@)1.2526%13. Period of oscillation of a pendulum as recorded in an experiment are ‘S.No. r[/2,3])4]| 65 Time period) 263/256, 242 | 271 | 2.80 Error occured in measurement of time period is G@)01s W018 (0018) 1.08 14. Length of a cylinder is 5.0 em and its radius is 2.0 em. Ifa studont measures length using a meter seale of least count 0.1 em and he measures diameter ofeylinder using a vernier calliper of least count 0.01em then, maximum error that can occur in measurement of volume of eylinder will be Gi% (2% Ox ase 15. A student noted two lengths written in his text book. length 1=200 x10‘ m and length II = 002m Which ono is more accurate? (a) Length T (6) Length IL (©) Both are equally accurate {) Cannot be concluded with given data 16. The measure of radius of a sphere is (422+ 2)% em. The percentage error in volume of the sphere is (Q(ABLO% B)(BIBL DW (C)(ASE AG (4) (IB: 17. The density of a cube is measured by measuring its mass and the length of its sides. If the maximum ‘errors in the measurement of mass and length are 3% Me © RAPID CONCEPT REVISION and 2% respectively, then the maximum error in the measurement of density is (9% Te care 18, A wire has a mass 0.31 0.003 g, radius 0.510.005 mm and length 60.06 om. The maximum percentage error in the measurement of its density is ft 2 (os aa 19."The graph between object distance (x) and image distance(o) is as shown in the figure. What isthe focal length of the convex lens? 5% (a) 5.00em,+ 0.05 em (6) 05 em, + 0.05 em 20. If there is a positive error of 50% in the measurement ‘of velocity of a body, then the error in the measurement of kinetic energy is 25% (o) 100% (4) 05 em,* 0.10 em (@) 125% ORDER OF MAGNITUDE AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES A. Expressing Physical Quantity To correctly express a measured value a particular convention is used in Physics. Order of Magnitude Numeric value of any physical quantity is generally expressed as, numeric value = M x10" where, 0.55 Ms Sand xis the order of magnitude. Rounding off While rounding off measurement, we use the following rales by convention (If the digit to be dropped is less than 5, then the preceding digit is left unchanged. eg. #=782 is rounded off to 7.8, again x= 394 is rounded off to 8.9. (ii) If the digit to be dropped is more than 5, then the proceding digit is raised by one. eg. x= 687 is rounded off to 6.9, again x-1278 is rounded off to 12.8, (ii) If the digit to be dropped is 5 followed by digit other than zero, then the preceding digits is raised by one. eg. x= 16.851 is rounded off to 16.4, again x= 6758 is rounded off to 6.8, If digit to be dropped is 5 or 5 followed by zeros, then proceding digit is left unchanged, if itis even. e.g. x=8250 becomes 3.2 on rounding off, again x= 12,650 becomes 12.6 on rounding off. (©) If digit to be dropped is 5 or 5 followed by zeros, then the precoding digit is raised by one, if itis odd, e.g. x=8750 is rounded off to 3.8, again x ~ 16.150 is rounded off to 16.2 B. Significant Figures Every measurement must be expressed such that it indicates the precision of measurement. Every measure- ment is a number that includes all digits which are reliably ‘known plus first digit that is uncertain. The reliable digits plus first uncertain digit are known as significant digits or significant figures. Following rules are applied while counting number of significant digits in a given value. iv) PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 05© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION (j) All non-zero digits are significant. e.g. 42.3 has three significant figures, 243.4 has four significant figures. 24,123 have five significant figures. Gi) A zero becomes significant figure if it appears between two non-zero digits, e.g 5.03 has three significant figures, 5.604 has four significant figures. 4.004 has four significant figures. ii) Leading zeros or the zeros placed to the left of the number are never significant. e.g. 0.543 has three significant figures. 0.045 has two significant figures. 0.006 have one significant figures. (iv) Trailing zeros of the zeros placed to the right of the number are significant. e.g. 4.330 has four significant figures. 483,00 has five significant figures. ‘843,000 has significant figures. (#) In exponential notation, the numerical portion gives the number of significant figures. eg. 1.82 x 10~* has three significant figures. 1.82 x 10* has three significant figures, Best Practice ‘SHOTS, 21. If radius of a circle is 4.11 em then its area must be (a) 58m? (©)58.Lem* ()58.060m* (@) 58.07 em" 22. Time taken by a pendulum to complete 25 oscillations is 88.0 s time period of pendulum is (3528 38 (a) 35208 23. The numbers 2.745 and 2.735 on rounding off to 3 significant figures will be (2.18 and 2.74 (0) 2.74and 2.13 (©) 2.78 and 2.73 (a) 2.74 and 2.74 24, Distance of a galaxy from earth is 10® m, Correct order of magnitude of time taken by light to reach (35s earth is fis wr wis (20 25.Order of magnitude of mass of an electron (9.1 x10" kg) is @-s @)-30 @-2 —@4B 26. The volume of a sphere is 1.76 em*. The volume of 25 such sphere taking into aceount the significant figure is (a) 0.44 x 10 em* ()44.0 om? (o)44.om* (@) 44.00 em® 27. A cube is of edge 12x 10-* m. The volume is (@)1928 x 10-6 m* (6)113 x10" m* ()1.00 x 10" m? (a) 17 x 10-* m® 28. When the number 6.03587 is rounded off up to the second place of decimal, it becomes (06.095 (6/604 | (06.03 (a) None ofthese 29.1f length and breadth are measured as 4.234 m and 1.05 m, the ares of the rectangle is (a)445m? — B)A.4457 m* (0)4.446m" (a) 0.446. m* 30. The order of magnitude of 147 is @. wz ws wa MEASUREMENT OF A SMALL AND A LARGE LENGTH Measurement of length ranges from diameter of a proton (~10* m) to the distance of earth from Andromeda galaxy (~10” m). Few of methods of measurement of lengths are discussed here. A. Measurement of Small Lengths Using A Vernier Scale ‘The vernier consists of an auxiliary scale, called the vernier seale, which i eapable of sliding along the edge of a ‘main scale, With the help ofthe vernier scale, length ean be measured with an accuracy greater than that obtainable from the main scale. The graduations on the vernier scale are such that n divisions ofthis scale are generally made to coincide with (n =1) divisions of the main seale. Under this condition, lengths can be measured with an accuracy of + of the main seale division, 06 > DECEMBER 2016 [> nvitons of var a a 7 Yer z Nan aaa ‘The vernier constant (VC) OR Least count is given by vernier constant (VC) = (1 main seale div —1 vernier seale div.) x value of 1 main seale division. As, n VSD =(n -1) MSD or 1 VSD = 21) Msp n-1 ‘Vernier scale arrangement is employed in vernier callipers and screw gauges. Henee, VC=1MSD -1 SD =[1- ‘sp =2 aspB. Vernier Callipers Let diameter of a cylindrical body is measured using a vernier callipers. eb) (Peps uf) vuln unon dla we If with the body held in between the jaws, the zero of vernier scale lies ahead of Nth division of main scale, then main seale reading (MSR) = IEnth division of vernier scale coincides with any division of main scale, then vernier scale reading (VSR) = n x(LCis least count of vernier eallipers) =n x (VO) (VC is vernier constant of vernier callipers) ‘Total reading = TR = MSR + VSR =N +n x (VO) An instrumental error or zero error exists when, with the two jaws touching each other, the zero of the vernier scale is ahead of or behind the zero of the main scale. If x divisions of the vernier seale coincides with a certain mark ofthe main scale, the instrumental error is y = xx VC. The error is positive when the vernier zero is on the right and is negative when the vernier zero is on the left side of the main scale zero. Ifthe instrumental error is positive it is to be subtracted from the measured length to obtain the correct length. If the error in negative is to be added to the measured length, C. Screw Gauge ‘To measure 2 sonethingusings | 8 Sif EEE screw gauge, we must f ut ‘The pitch of the serew is defined as its axial displacement, for a complete rotation, ‘The least count of the screw gauge refers to the axial displacement of the screw for a rolation of one circular division. Thus, if n represents the number of divisions on the circular scale and the pitch of the screw is m scale divisions, then the least count (LC) of the screw gauge is given by Least count (LC) = seule divisions Distance moved by screw ‘The pitch of the screw = 5 cher of full rotation given And, least count Pitch, “Total number of divisions on the cireular scale Least count is generally 0.001 em. © RAPID CONCEPT REVISION If with the wire in between plane faces A and B, the edge of ‘the cap lies ahead of Nth division of linear scale. Then, linear scale reading (LSR) = N. If nth division of circular scale lies over reference line. Then, cireular scale reading (CSR) =n x (LO) where, LC is least count of serew gauge. ‘Total reading (TR) =LSR + CSR=N + nx (LO) D. Measurement of Large Distance By Parallax Method Large distances like distance of earth S from sun cannot be measured directly. For measuring such large distances parallax method is used. Ifa far object $ is viewed from two distant points and Bover earth then; D =" where@iscalled {—;—— parallax angle, Ifwe have to measure diameter of a planet then we observe diametric ends A and B from some point P on the earth. Then, 6=6 xD In this way, large distances can be measured. Note that in above formulae, 0 is in radians. E. Measurement of Size of A Molecule A simple method for estimating the molecular size is to form a mono-molecular layer of that substance over water. eae rr 7 Let V =volume of fluid which is droppedispread over water surface and f= thickness of film, A= area of film Then, Axt=Vor t-% a which is roughly equal to diameter of molecule, PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 07© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION Best Practice ‘SHOTS, 31.1n a vernier callipers 10 VSD coincides with 8 MSD, then the least count of vernier calliper is (Given 1 MSD =1 mm) fa)1 x10" m fe) x10? m )2% 10" m (@) 8x10" m 32. During a solar eclipse; the moon entirely covers the sun, Ratio of distance of earth and sun to that of earth and moon is (R, = Radius of earth and R, = Radius of sun) @ tt wo k, i oo (a) |B Ry Vee 33.In your school lab, vernier callipers main scale is calibrated in mm. There are 20 equal divisions on vernicr scale which matches with 19 divisions on ‘main scale, Least count of your school’s apparatus is (0.1mm @)0.01mm (02mm — (4)0.05mm 34. For a screw gauge following data is given; pitch =2 mm, Number of divisions on the circular scale =100. If reading on main scale is 4 mm and 50% division on circular scale coincides with reference line ‘on main seale then, choose most correct statement. (@) Measured value is 5 mn. (6) Measured value i 4 mm. (€)Measured vuluois 5 mm only when theres no zara error. (4) Measured value is loss than 5 mm ifthereis zero error. 35. One litre of oil is spilled into a lake and it spreads uniformly over the surface of lake. Assume that oil slick is just one molecule thick and oil molecule has a diameter of 2 x 107" m. Diameter of oil patch formed over the surface of lake (assume oil patch a perfect circle) is (@) 3500 m (@) 380m (c) 4200. (4) 3000 m 36. Zero error is positive for vernier when (a) zero mark of vernier coincides with zero of main scale, ()zer0 mark of vernicr lies towards left of zero of main scale (6) zero mark of vernier lies towards right of zero main scale {@) None of the above 37.In Fortin’s barometer 25 vernier scale divisions ‘coincide with 24 divisions of main scale and there are 20 divisions in one centimetre. To measure AMAZING REALITIES atmosphere. (08 > DECEMBER 2016 atmospheric pressure the main scale reading was 175.35 em and 12th vernier division coincides with one of main scale division. The correct value of pressures (@) 75.962 em @) 1531%4em (75.37 em (@) 75:16 em 38. The length of cylinder is measured with the help of a vernier callipers whose nine divisions of the main, scale are equal to ten divisions of the vernier scale Smallest division on the main scale is 0.5 mm. It is observed that zero of vernier scale has just crossed the 78th division of the main scale, i fourth division of the vernier eoineides with any main scale division, ‘The length of the cylinder is (@) 734 mm (0) 39.40 em (01394 mm (2) 3920 mm 39.The main scale of a vernier callipers reads in millimeter and its vernier is divided into 10 divisions which coincide with 9 divisions of the main seale When the two jaws of the instrument touch each other the seventh division of the vernier scale coincide with a scale division and the zero of the vernier lies to the right of the zero of the main scale Further more when a cylinder is tightly placed along itslength between the two jaws the zero ofthe vernier scale lies slightly to the left of 3.2 em and the fourth vernier division coincides with a scale division what's the length of the cylinder? (@3.idem (6)3.07 em (3.19 em (@)324em 40. The length ofa cylinder is measured with the help of a vernier callipers whose smallest division on the main scale is 0.5 mm and nine divisions of the main scale are equal to ten divisions of the vernier scale. It is observed that 78th divisions of the main scale coincides with the sixth division of the vernier seale. Calculate the length of the cylinder. (@3.60em (6) 7.83 em (0) 3.63 em (@) 120m Answers 1d 2b) 8} BL 6) 7.() 8) Bo) 10. a) W113.) 118) 16.(3) 17%. f@) 18.18, (@) 20. (C} 2A) 22K) 23. (a 25. (0) 26. 27. (0) 28.) 30. (0) 31.) a2) 33. (a 38. (a) 36.(c) 37.0) 88. (a 40. (¢) ‘The first ten feet of the ocean hold as much heat as the Earth's entire© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION MASTER STROKES - Let [e9] denote the dimensional formula of the permittivity of vacuum. If M= mass, = length, T= Time and A=clectric current, then \jE¢ Main 2013) (a)(eg) = (M07 A) (eg) = (MTT A (ile) =1M-AET™! A“) (@)\eq)=(M"LT™ AY] Which of the following sets have different dimensions? (a) Pressure, Young’s modulus, stress () Emf, potential difference, electric potential {c) Heat, work done, enersy {@) Dipole moment, electric flux, electric field ™, pis pressure, Z is distance, Inthe relation p = B ‘kis Boltzmann constant and@is the temperature. The dimensional formula of f will be (@) MOLT] IML oir) (@imr-) A quantity X is given by tol A, where ty is the permittivity of free space, L is a length, AV is a potential difference and a¢ is a time interval. The dimensional formula for X is the same as that of (a) resistance ) charge (e) voltage (@ carrent |. The dimensions of Fgh? (cy = permittivity of free space, E = electrie field) is f@(MLT* omer (eM) (Mer) In the formula X = SY Z?, X and Z have dimensions of capacitance and magnetic induction respectively. What are the dimensions of Y in MLTQ system? Or TQ*) IML 3P4Q 4) folMA-*r'Q*] (@im-*rQ) | The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum is 12x. Measured vl of Ls 20.0 em brown to Ve 1 mm accuracy and time for 100 oscillations ofthe pendulum is found tobe 90 using a wristwatch of Is Fesvltion, The accuracy inthe determination of is UE Nain 2013 (oss om wm (5% 8 The current voltage relation of diode is given by T=(e™Y'T _1) mA, where the applied voltage V is in volt and the temperature Tis kelvin. If a student makes an error measuring # 0.01 V while measuring the current of | mA at 300 K, what will be the error in the value of current in mA? (@)02 mA (0) 0.02 mA (05 mA (4) 0.08 mA, 9. A wire has a mass (0:3+ 0,003) g, radius (0.5+ 0.005) length (640.06) em. ‘The maximum percentage error in the measurement ofits density is mm and @ w2 ws ws 10. A cube has a side of length 12x10" m. Calculate its volume. (17 x10 m* @)173 10° m® (011.70 x 10-6 m? (1732 x10" m* 11. Astudent measured the length ofa rod and wrote it as 3.50 em, Which instrument did he use to measure it? DEE Main 2014) (a) Ameter scale (@) A verniercalliper where the 10 divisions in vernier scale matches with 9 divisions in main scale and main scale has 410 divisions in tem, (0) A screw gauge having 100 divisions inthe circular seale tnd piteh as 1 mm, (d) A screw gauge having 60 divisions in the circular seale tnd piteh as 1 mm, 12.The diameter of a cylinder is measured using a vernier callipers with no zero error. It is found that, the zero of the vernier scale lies between 5.10 em and 5.15 em of the main scale, The vernier scale has 50 division equivalent to 2.45 em. The 24th division of the vernier scale exactly coincides with one of the ‘main seale divisions. The diameter ofthe eylinder is () 5.112 cm (6) 5.124 em (015.136 em (d)5.148 cm 13..n the determination of Young’s modulus (v _AMLar ld? length L=2m and diameter d = 0.5mm is used. For a load M = 2.5kg, an extension = 0.25mm in the length, of the wire is observed. Quantities d and 1 are measured using a serew gauge and a micrometer, respectively. They have the same pitch of 0.5 mm. The number of divisions of their circular scale is 100. The contributions to the maximum probable error of the Y ‘measurement is EE 2012) ) by using Seare's method, a wire of PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 09© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION (a) duc to the errors in the measurements ofd and /are the (6) dueto the error inthe measurement ofd is twice that due to the error in the measurement of! () dueto the error in the measurement of lis twice that due to the error in the measurement of d () due to the error in the measurement of dis four times that due to the error in the measurement of 14. The density of a solid ball is to be determined in an experiment. The diameter of the ball is measured with a screw gauge, whose pitch is 0.5 mm and there are 50 divisions on the circular scale. The reading on ‘the main seale is 2.5 mm and that on the circular seale is 20 divisions. If the measured mass of the ball has a relative error of 2%, the relative percentage error in the density is WEE 2010), @ooe 2.4% (3% (d) 42% 15. A vernier calipers has 1 mm marks on the main scale. It has 20 equal divisions on the vernier scale which ‘match with 16 main scale divisions. For this vernier calipers, the least count is UEE 2010), («0.02 mm (6) 0.05 mm (0.1mm (02mm 16. Students I, If and IIT perform an experiment for measuring the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. They use different lengths of the pendulum and or record time for different number of oscillations, The observations are shown in the table, Least count for length =0.1 em, Least count for time ds : Total time students| Eeneth of the | Namber of toy (ny | time judents | Sendulum (cm) oscillation |period 10) T eo 3 123.0 | 160 u 40 so | 160 iia 200 4 60 | 90 If By, By and By, are the percentage errors in g, ie {E100} for stents, I nd respectively @ wB,=0 17.In the experiment to determine the speed of sound using a resonance colin (a) prong of the ang fork are kpt in verti plane (8) prongetthetaningorare kept in chorzntal plane (0) Inone ofthe two resonances shared the length ofthe ‘sonal sume’ veto ho watlengto nd (a) i on ofthe te resonances chord the length ofthe ‘oonallngair column's cus tohafafvhe wavelength of (0), is minimum (@) By is maximum 10 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM 18. A student performs an experiment to determine the Young’s modulus of a wire, exactly 2 m long, by Searle's method. In a particular reading, the student measures the extension in the length of the wire to be 0.8 mm with an uncertainty of + 0.05mm at a load of exactly 1.0 kg. The student also measures the diameter of the wire to be 0.4 mm with an uncertainty 01 mm. Take g =9.8 ms~ (exact). The Young's modulus obtained from the reading is close to (@)(20£03) 10" Nm* (@)(20¢ 02) x 10"" Nm~* (©)(20+ 04) x 10" Nix* (4) (20 0.05) x 10" Nm* 19, The circular scale of a screw gauge has 50 divisions and pitch of 0.5 mm, Find the diameter of sphere. ‘Main scale reading is 2. - fa $l @)12mm (1.25 mm (6)220 mm (2.25 mm 20. student uses a simple pendulum of exactly 1m length to determine g, the acceleration due to gravity. He uses a stopwatch with the least count of 1 s for this and records 40 s for 20 oscillations. For this observation, which of the following statement is true? DEE 2010) @) Error AT measuring T, time period is 0.05 s, (@) Error AT, measuring T, time period is 1s. (6) Percentage error in determination of gis 1% (@) Percentage error in determination of g is 2.5% Answers 10) 2) fe) 8D) 6b) 7@) 8 8) 10.4) 1.0) 12) 18.) 16.(0) 17.1) 18.0} 19.) 0.)(1B) MOTION IN ONE-DIMENSION TERMINOLOGY AND GRAPHS A very first step in studying classical mechanics is study of ‘one-dimensional motion. Motion in one-dimension is rectilinear motion or straight line motion. A. Distance and Displacement Distanceisthetotallongth of path followed by a particle. It is a scalar | quantity. Displacement is Displacement AB erent article, Distance A Both distance and. ~ displacements are measured in metres and has dimension of [M°LT" |. In one-dimension motion, if an abject moves over z-axis, then displacement of particle is Ax = x)—x; + B. Average and Instantaneous Speed Speed is distance travelled in 1s. Its unit is ms“ and dimension is[LT"']. Itis a scalar quantity. Average speed of a particle is the ratio of total distance travelled to the time taken. Total distance Time taken A? Instantaneous speed is speed observed when time interval is very small ad Instantaneous speed = lim ©. Peed To AE ‘Average speed = (C. Average and Instantaneous Velocity Velocity of @ particle is time rate of change of displacement It is a vector quantity with units ms" and dimensions [LT~?] For abody in one-dimensional motion on x-axis, the average velocity is the ratio of displacement and time taken by the body typ, = 32 = = yt ‘The instantaneous velocity is the value approached by average velocity when time interval for measurement is very small. = fim Yj = tim, t= seat Ss at ae So, instantaneous velocity = derivative of displacement with respect to time. D. Average and Instantaneous Acceleration Acceleration of a body is the rate of change of velocity of the body. ange in velocity Change in time ‘Acceleration is a veetor with units ms~ [LT-?}, Average acceleration is defined as the ratio of change of velocity with time taken. nh ee Instantaneous acceleration is acceleration of body when time of observation is very small ® and dimensions (0 = Jim, ayy, ig ae de “evar dt So, instantaneous acceleration of a body is the derivative of its velocity with respect to time. E. Graphical Interpretation of placement, Velocity and Acceleration Average Velocity The average velocity between two points in a given time interval can be obtained from a displacement versus time graph by computing the slope of the straight line joining the coordinates of the two points, Instantaneous Velocity The instantaneous velocity at time ¢ is the slope of the tangent line drawn to the position versus time graph at that time, a t ‘On avversus teraph, the slope ofthe ine oning wo points isthe average fcceleraton for that ime Acceleration ata given tine Is the slope ofthe tangent at that time ‘The sign ofthe instantaneous acesleraton depends on the ‘slope ofthe tangent. PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 11© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION Average Acceleration ‘The average acceleration between two points in a time interval is equal to the slope of the chord connecting the points on a velocity versus time graph, (On av versus tgraph, the slope ofthe line joining two points isthe ‘verage acceleration for that time interval, Tha instantaneous acceleration at a given time f the slope of the tangent at tat time, Instantaneous Acceleration ‘The instantaneous acceleration at time is the slope of the tangent drawn to the velocity versus time graph, “Tho sign of the instantaneous acceleration depends ‘on the slope ofthe tangent Displacement from Velocity Time Graphs Given a velocity versus time graph, the displacement during an interval between time #, and ¢, is the area bounded by velocity curve and the two vertical lines ¢ = and ¢ = ¢,, as shown in the graphs. areca ‘The area under the vversust For each segment of mation, the curves the displacement velocity isa different constant, Areyat The displacement ax, during the fth interval isthe area vA So, the total displacement is ay + WA = Yl + HG vn \Whon v versus tgraph is a smooth complex curve, tho area under the curve may be obtained using integration. drenordepaconat [vt 12 > DECEMBER 2016 Velocity from Acceleration Graphs Given an acceleration versus time graph, the change in velocity between =f, and ~t;is the area bounded by the acceleration curve and the vertical lines ¢~ f, and f= t, hen aversus trap is smooth Tho ara under thea ompiox cur, he area unde the toaus cel the uve may be cbaied using change in vlocty integration aver Voocy Area [a at Best Practice, ‘SHOTS, 1. ‘The displacement of the point of the wheel initially in contact with the ground, when the wheel roles forward half a revolution will be (radius of the wheel is R) @_ wre ed 2m (aR yea 2. Iacar covers 2/5 ofthe total distance with v, speed and 3/ 5® distance with o, then average speed is ij mat @ ae @_Say 3 ary Rye ay 3. A man walks on a straight road from his home to a ‘market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5 kmh. Finding the market closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed of 7.5 kmh“. The average speed of the man over the interval of time 0 to 40 min is equal to fa)Skmb" 2 mbt (e) Pemba) Send? 4 4 5 4, A particle is moving Bastwards with velocity of 5 ms“. In 10 s the velocity changes to 5 ms~' Northwards. ‘The average acceleration in this time is (a) zero (@) 4 ms* toward North-West a (4 ms* toward North-Bast B (a) 5s toward North-West 5. From the following displace- ment-time graph find out the velocity of a moving body @tms B Tine () o = Disolacoment6. Figure shows the displacement-time graph of a body. ‘What is the ratio of the speed in the first second and that in the next two seconds. te 20 fai:2 Ors a 7. The graph of displacement versus time is an Its corresponding velocity-time graph will be 1 ! 1 8. The velocity-time graph of a body moving in a straight line is shown in the figure. The displacement and distance travelled by the body in 6 s are respectively. © RAPID CONCEPT REVISION (@)8m,16m (6) 16m,8m_(e) 16m, 16m (a) 8m, 8m 9. A ball is thrown vertically upward. Which of the following graph represents velocity-time graph of the ball during its flight (air resistance is neglected) t 1 t t o @ | 10. A ball is dropped vertically from a height d above the ground, It hits the ground and bounces up vertically toa height 4. Noplecting subsequent motion and air resistance, its graph of velocity v with the height above the ground can be represented as [7 died o Ayo (a) a n KINEMATICS OF ONE DIMENSIONAL MOTION In kinematies we study motion without considering agents causing that motion, A. Equations of Motion For A Body Moving With Constant Acceleration Let a body is initially moving with velocity wis subjected to f constant acceleration a for time ¢ and let, its velocity finally becomes v. The following relations holds for the body @ veutat GF 1 I) Sy =u + Eal2n - 1 iv) 8 yaar -D =2as 1 aye iit) s=ut + bat ° 2 n=nth second, torts ‘We can use a different notation for above equation oe. with fo = we have v= vy + at 1 xem rot that’, of auf + 20lx- x) 2 (3 PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 13© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION ee + hey +00 4%: =initial position coordinate x= final position coordinate t=time elapsed Uv =initial velocity v=final velocity a= constant acceleration Incase a body is falling in gravitational field, then acceleration of body is ~ g where, g = 9.8 ms~?, B. Equations of Motion For a Body Moving With Non-uniform Acceleration (i) Velocity-time relation, a or f% a uv, =final velocity, 1, ~ initial time, = initial velocity ty ~final time a Gi) Postion-ime rlation, v= 8-3 x= fut It a body is moving along a straight line with an acceleration that changes wth time, we se following set of relations orf deaf odt-aap—m =f! wae do_dy de dv Gi) Velocity position relationa = 2 = 88. yg = y 2 = [i ade=f* vdv In above equations, we take signs of different ‘quantities as per their directions relative to reference axis choosen, C. Relative Velocity In One Dimensional Motion For two objects A and B moving on a straight line, My vee TE] Velocity of A relative to B= v4 —Vp = Van and, velocity of B relative to Ais Vp, =Vp ~¥4 Note that in above formulae, values of velocities must be substituted with their respective signs. Velocity in positive xedireetion is taken positive and velocity in negative ‘xdirection is taken negative, Best Practice ‘SHOTS, 11. A,B,C and D are 4 points in a vertical line such that ‘AB = BC =CD. If a body falls from rest at A, then times of decent through AB, BC and CD are in the ratio p1VB:5 ONESB21 (N51: B @1:WB-:B— 14 > DECEMBER 2016 12. A taxi leaves from the place A to placo Bevery 10 min. Simultaneously a taxi leaves from place B to place A every 10 min, Taxis moves with constant speed and cover distance from A to B (or from B to A) in two hours, How many taxis coming from the other side crosses any of the taxi in complete journey from B to @ (20 2 13. Body A starts from rest with an acceleration a, After 2s, another body B starts from rest with an acceleration a,. If they travel equal distances in the 5th second, after the start of body A, then the ratio 4; :4, is equal to (a5:9 (9:5 (2 23 5:7 9:7 14. The average velocity of a body moving with uniform acceleration travelling a distance of 3.06m is, 0.34ms"?. If the change in velocity of the body is, (0.18 ms" during this time, its uniform acecleration is () 001 ms~* (6) 002 ms“* (61008 ms~* (4) 004 ms" * 15.4 body starts from rest. What is the ratio of the distance travelled by the body during the 4th and 3rd second? 15 si ws war 16.A stone dropped from a building of height h and it, reaches after £ seconds on earth. From the same building if two stones are thrown (one upwards and other downwards) with the same velocity wand they reach the earth surface after t and t, seconds respectively, then f@t=4-% we 17.4 body travels for 15. starting from rest_ with constant acceleration. Ift travels distances S,,S, and Sy in the first five seconds, second five second and next five seconds respectively the relation between S,, S, and S; is (8, =S,= 8 OS, = 18, = 58, (@)5S, = 38, = 8, fas, -48,-18, Be 18, The engine ofa car produces acceleration 4ms“*in the car, if this car pulls another car of same mass, what will be the acceleration produced? (sms? = @)2ms* Ams? — (Ems? 2 19.A body A moves with a uniform acceleration a and zero initial velocity. Another body B, starts from the same point moves in the same direction with a constant velocity v, Phe two bodies meet after a time. ‘The value of tis @™ we oe @ @ Oar20. The acceleration of a particle is increasing linearly with time ¢ as bt. The particle starts from the origin with an initial velocity vj. The distance travelled by the particle in time ¢ will be 1 faug~ 2 it + Loe oe lug + 5b Lye Lye (omg + bee (dw + Lo é wey MASTER 1. In 1.0 5, a particle goes from point A to 4 point B, moving in a semicircle (see figure). The magnitude of the average velocity is | , (@) 3.4 ms" @)2.0ms" % (01.0 ms“ (@)z0r0 al 2. From a tower of height H, a particle is thrown vertically upwards with a speed u, The time taken by the particle to hit the ground, ism times that taken by it to reach the highest point ofits path. The relation between H, wand nis (a) 2gH = n*u? (b) gH =(n- 27u* (c) 2gH = nun - 2 (d) gH =(n- Du? 3. A small block slides without friction down an inclined plane starting from rest, Let s, be the distance oa n=1 n> 4. A rocket is moving in a gravity free space with a constant acceleration of 2 ms“? along + x-direction (sce figure). The length of a chamber inside the rocket is 4m. A ball is thrown from the left end of the chamber in + x-direction with a speed of 0.3 ms"! relative to the rocket. At the same time, another ball is thrown in - xdirection with a speed of 0.2 ms"! from its right end relative to the rocket. The time in seconds when the two balls hit each other is, lan ems 2 os 5 we 5. A particle of mass 10"? kg is moving along the positive x-axis under the influence of a force F(a) =~ k/ 2x, where k= 10"!Nm?, At time t= 0, it isat x=1.0 mand its velocity = 0, When particle is at x= 05m, its velocity is (@ims"! 2m" (ams! @ ama © RAPID CONCEPT REVISION Answers 10) 2) 84) BL 6) 708) 8.8) 9) 10.6) 1) 1) 13.) 1) 15.) 16 (6) 17) 18.) 19.) STROKES 6. Two stones are thrown up simultaneously from the edge ofa cliff 240 m high with initial speed of 10 ms“ and 40 ms“, respectively. Which of the following graph best represents the time variation of relative position of the second stone with respect to the first? (Assume stones do not rebound after hitting the ground and neglect air resistance, take = 10 ms") oat le? seat ELI @ © ris) pees evan © @ 7. Asmallblock Brests over alongblock A oflength Las shown figure. They are given sharp impulse such that they acquires speed wand v(u > 0). The time taken by the block B to drop down is 8 a = @e we ot 8. A balloon starts rising from the ground with an acceleration of 1.25 ms~. After 8 s, a stone is released from the balloon, ‘The stone will (a) cover distance of 40 m (dy have a displacement of 50 m (c) reach the ground in 48 (a) begin to move down when released 9. Aboy throws a bal in air in such a manner that when the ball is at its maximum height he throws another ball Ifthe balls are thrown after a time difference of 1s then what will be the height attained by them? (20 (6)10m 10."The distance moved by a freely falling body (starting from rest) during Ist, 2nd, 3rd, .. nth second of its motion are proportional to smd) PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 15© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION (©) odd numbers (d) square of integral numbers {) even numbers (e) all intogral numbers 11.A car moves rectilinearly from station A to the next. station B (rest to rest) with an acceleration varying according to the law f =(a—bx), where a and 8 are constants and x is the distance from the station A. The distance between the two stations and the ‘maximum velocity are 12. A body has speed v, 2v and 3v in first 1/3 of distance s, seconds 1/3 of s and third 1/3 of s, respectively. Its average speed will be jv Om 13.A particle moving in a straight line covers half the distance with speed of $ ms“, The other half of the distance is covered in two equal time intervals with speed of 4.5 ms“! and 7.5 ms“ respectively. The average speed of the particle during this motion is @)40ms"— )5.0ms" (0)5.5 ms" (d)4.8ms 14.{f the body covers one-third distance at speed v,, next one third at speed v, and last one third at speed us, then average speed will be (ay MB Hats + ts gy itetts ates 3 a (a) 280% > Oy + BF ay Fo 15. The displacoment of the particle varies with time hey get according to the relation x = "(1 -e° 6 t z 1 Then, the velocity of the particle is Game) BB — fe)hbe™™ (d) None ofthese Fe 16.Thev-tplotofamoving 45 figure. ‘The “average 2p Welty of the object = Gurngetee 10 ais (a0 (0) 25 ms"* — (¢) 5 ms~ (d) 2 ms~ 17.Which of the following velocity-time graphs is nie? i O 1-7 (a) 3| ) we - jn i o Time o Tet I ! of we 5 | i 18. The graph shows the velocity versus time graph for a body? Which of the following graphs : represents the corresponding acceleration versus time graphs? @ o oA 1 — co ° « 19.'The acceleration-time graph for * a body is shown in the following graph. Which of the following graphs would probably represent the velocity of the body plotted al 20.4 particle is moving in such a way that its @ / @ displacement ig related with time by the equation x=(10~4t + 6¢2)m. The diagram showing variation of velocity of particle with time. o§ ! od Tre re Answers Lo 20 380 4 8 oe 2) 8) 8 me) ne we Be me te ieee) Tem) ae(By MOTION IN TWO-DIMENSIONS VECTORS AND VECTOR OPERATIONS In two dimensional motion, we resolve displacement, velocity and acceleration into their components along two reference axes and then we analyse motion along each axis separately. It is advisable for the reader to revise "vectors" before moving further. A, Vectors Vectors are the physical quantities which have both magnitude and direction. Many times in physics, we have to deal with vector quantities. It is beneficial to recall some important aspects connected with vectors. Magnitude ofa Vector «+ For any two dimensional vector, a~a,i + 4,3 magnitude is given by| al = a? +a? voir ek + For three dimensional vector b magnitude of vector b is given by [b= tr +828 + Magnitude of a vector is equal to length of vector. Multiplication of a Vector Witha Scalar When a vector is multiplied with a positive sealar quantity, its magnitude changes but its direction remains same, es. It +3) be Then + 6)+ 10% If a vector is multiplied with a negative scalar, its ‘magnitude changes and its direction is reversed. e.g. at Unit Vector in a Given Direction For any vector - . rit a,j+ ok, Unit vector parallel to direction of ais, _ aitaj+ak Tal vara Adi n or Subtraction of Two Vectors When two vectors can be represented by the two sides of a triangle taken in same order then the resultant is given by the closing side of triangle taken in opposite order. ‘To subtract two vectors, we take ab =a + (-b) So, b as If two vectors can be represented by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram then their resultant is given by the diagonal of the parallelogram. ® ‘Then magnitude of resultant a + bor Ris [RB] = laf +1 BP = 2] al] | cose ‘and, angle made by resultant with direction of a is given by [b|sine [al +] bl cos8 Ifaand bare inclined at angle then, a and—b are inclined at angle 180° - @ with each other. So, we have, [R|=1a-b|=\[aF +1 BF + 2] al] bl cos(180" -@) = |a-bl=,/al’+| bl -2/al|b| cose tana. PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 17© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION B. Resolution of a Vector Into Two Perpendicular Components Any vector R can be resolved into two perpendicular components R, and R, as shown in figure . Clearly, R= Ri + Rj where R, =F cos and R= Rsin0 are the magnitudes of two components C. Scalar or Dot Product of Two Vectors For two vectors a and b sealar product is defined ag a-b=|al|b| cos8, Properties of sealar product are + a bisa scalar quantity. + alb+o-ab+ac é + a b=lallblcoso + a2. fee + bb + bP = ab vat cos8 + aaslal? + ab=0 = cos0-90", ie. dot product of two erpendicular vectors is always zero. ke ke=1 ~jk-ki-0 + a-b=b-a, dot product is commutative in nature. + azaitaj+ak and b=bi+b)+ bk then, ab=a,b, +a,b, + 0,0, + Whenever two physical quantities combines to give a scalar quantity, the magnitude of resulting quantity is always a dot product, og. F-d=W D. Vector or Cross Product of Two Vectors For two vectors a and b, axe the vector or the cross product is defined as [al| blsind-a where, ni ~ a unit vector perpendicular to both a and b. Properties of cross product of two vectors is + ax bis a vector perpendicular to plane containing a and b. + ax bis a vector of magnitude| a|| blsin® + azai+aj+akendb=bi+ 6) ijk Then,axb=|a, 2, a, & bb mila, ~b0,) ~I(a,b, ~ a.) + K(a,b, ~ ba). Best Practice, ‘SHOTS, 1. A unit vector along the resultant of vectors di+4j 5k and i+ 2) + ak is Si+ 6) he @ 2. Position vectors of points A and Bare 2 6i ~ 3 + Bk, respectively. The length AB is fit om 1s (aA 3. Perimeter of a triangle, with sides formed by vectors oD 4. then angle between vectors a + band a - bis. fo 0 war wer" 5. Ifa=5i 23 + sichas two components a, and a, such that a, is parallel to b = i + Keand ay is perpendicular tob, Then, a, is (a) 6+ Bi o- (0) 61 ie - 2) sk (a). j 6. Avector perpendicular to both of vectors Tita otis 2 (oi -10) 8. The vectors i+ 25+ ale, ai + 4j = 31 ~ 2) bk are collinear, if equals os wa ws 9. If a,b, care mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitudes, then the angle between the vectors aand a+b+eis @= we (cos 3 ae 10. Ifthe position vector of one ond of the line segment AB be 2i + 3) - Kk and the position vector of its middle point be i+ j +), then the position vector of the other end is 3+ 7k +3) 7k 6 (odie 3}+ 7k @©) RAPID CONCEPT REVISION GENERAL 2D MOTION A. Po: n and Displacement of A Particle in Two Dimensional Motion Let a particle moves from position R(x,,94) to position Puls, 9) then Initial postion vector of particle is x = 4 + 943 Position vector x, of particle at postion Pi, x, = 1+ 943 Displacement of the particle P,P, is r,, = Position vector of final point —Position vector of initial point. ry she Baal + yd —a = (% - Hi + (99 -0i B. Velocity of Particle When particle moves from position P, to position P,, its instantaneous velocity changes from v, to Vy Instantaneous velocities are given by v= and vy = Instantaneous velocity of the particle is along the tangent to the path and value of instantaneous velocity is equals to slope of tangent at that point. Ifthe position vector is known as a function of time then the instantaneous velocity of the particle ean be obtained as, @ ; v-4r-£ 4, aa ad Average velocity of the particle is given by ar we AL At At C. Acceleration Motion In two dimensional motion, if both of velocity component changes then the body has accelerations along both axes. ‘The instantaneous acceleration of the particle is 8 ais ta jeqitag Suir Su,j-ais ag ‘The average acceleration of the body i given by, nytt wa AE AE D. Kinematics of two Dimensional Motion For two dimensional motion, with reference to the diagram shown Position vector ofthe particle r=. + »j whore, x and y changes with time de_de;_ dy Velocity ofthe particle is w= 2 = 2¢ 5. yore aia de For a constant acceleration a, components a, and a, also remains constant with time Y , % +0) Vector representations and components of a) the velocity and (b) the postion ofa paticle moving with a constant acceleration a So, vy=vjtat . = v=, +a it(y,, +405 »,, = Initial velocity along x-direction ,, = Initial velocity along y-direction Also, and y coordinates of particle moving with constant acceleration are 1 Byam bat Sat i as? pay tee 2 ‘So, we can write final position vector of the particle, ry =(ai+ yd + (4) sap ice 2 tues tar® 2 PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 19© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION Best Practice ‘SHOTS, 11. Coordinates of a particle depends on time as xt? bt?, Velocity of particle at © 12. Velocity of a particle at t = Oat origin is 24 + 3} ms“ If thore is no acceleration, position of particle after sis (a) 201 + 10} | (@) 201 + 20) (@) 204 + 30} (a) 201 - s0j 13. For a particle moving in XOY plane, acceleration of particle is, + 3¢°j ms"* and its initial velocity is u=2i+ 3) ms", The final velocity of particle after tadsis (@)18i + 61} me (e)~18i ~ 67} ms" isi @- 14. A particle is moving in XOY plane with a velocity of 4i+ 3} ms"! Particle after 28 (a) directed at 37° with x-axis (b) is directed at 85" with x-axis (o)is directed at 37° with negative x-axis (4) cannot be concluded 15. A particle is thrown from origin in XOY plane with an initial velocity of v=3i + 6x}. Equation of path followed by the particle is f@y=xt Wy=4 y= 2et My=2 16. A particle has initial velocity 21 + 4j and retardation + 8} The distance travelled hy partiele from = Oto telsis ©) unite (@) Dataisinsuticient 17. The coordinate ofthe particle in xy plane are given as x=242t4 40? and y=4t +812, The motion of the particle is (A) along a straight line {B) uniformly acelerated (©) along a parabolic path (D) non-uniformly accelerated @AC MAB CD MAD 18. A particle moves in the X-Y plane according to the law x=kt and y= kt(1 ~at), where k and a are positive constants and 1 is time, What is the equation of trajectory of the particle? (y= ke (a) units (ONT units Wy=2-Z wy-2 yaar yer , 19. The equation of motion of a particle is y = wx-4 x. Given that g=10 ms“*, what is the range of the particle? (124m — 16m —(¢} 306m (A) 36.0 m 20. An object is projected with a velocity of 20 ms” making an angle of 45° with horizontal. The equation for the trajectory is h = Ax - Bx” where, h is height, x is horizontal distance, A and B are constants. The ratio A: Bis(g =10 ms") (i: (5:1 1:40 (40rd EXAMPLES OF 2D MOTION Now, we discuss here projectile motion and uniform circular motion, Both of these are the examples of 2-D motion or planar motion, A. Projectile Motion Projection over a Horizontal Surface (Ground) Consider body projected from a point over a horizontal surface at an angle ” with the horizontal 20> Then, + Velocity component parallel to ground = weos 6 + Velocity component perpendicular to ground = usin + Acceleration along yaxis a, = g. + Acceleration along xaxis a,=0 (Assuming no air resistance). + Equation of trajectory or path of particle is, Lg =xtano-4 * 2iF cos®o Path of projectile motion is parabolicwhere, = horizontal 5 va =xtane(1-2 * R n20 @ + Displacement of projectile at t time is, ied Lay axis yj-(weos 6-8) i+ (usin 6 - 5 ge’), 4 yeti where, x= wcos@-t and y=usino taba are the coordinates of particle after ¢ see. + Velocity of projectile after ¢ seconds i, vevys vy)=wens0-i + (usin — go} Magnitude of velocity after ¢ second is Iv| = fu? cos®0 + (usin 0 — gt)? Direction of instantancous velocity is tangential to the path + Time of flight of projectile is, T usin o @ ‘Time to reach maximum hoight is 7 = “50 ® 2 + Horizontal range R of projectile is the distance travelled by projectile along the ground Oh Fan = sin 20_2uy-ty e € + Range of projectile is maximum when angle of projection is 45° with the horizontal. Also, Horizontal range=R = weos 9 x T= Reyag = maximum range (0 = 45°) =. @ + Maximum height of projectile from the level of usin? @ z projection is, Hinge ® |e ©) RAPID CONCEPT REVISION + Ifa projectile is projected at two different angles with same initial velocity u, ®, and 8, such that range is same in both cases then, 6, +8, = 90°, ie. angles of projection are complementary to each other. and R, = 28820 _ u? sin(2(90° -05)) é € wisn 2, _ a, g + IT, and 7, are time of flights for complementary angles@ and 90° —0 then, T_ Qusin oe = usin Og tang 7, 2usin (90"—0/g and 77, = 2sin® 2usin (80° -0 z € 2usin@ 2ucos@ _ 2R @ e @ + For complementary angles of projection if H, and H, are maximum heights then, Hy wsin?9/2¢ Hz Wsin™90°—0) {2g c0s70 —sin®O _ Laney + Energy of projectile is, Total energy = Kinetic energy + Potential energy KE=2me* 2 PE=mgh Use values of v and A from previous expressions, Horizontally Projected Body For a body projected horizontally with a velocity u, from a vertical height y above the ground. PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 21© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION Then, + Vertical velocity of body after ¢ seconds v, =~ gt + Horizontal velocity of the body after seconds v, = uy. + Instantaneous velocity after t" seconds, v= and [vy 2a + Displacement of particle after time is Horizontal displacement, 2 ut Ver poments 9 + Position vector of particle after t second isr = xi+ yj = reuti peti + Time of fight, 7 = |24 ~ time of freefall Ve + Horizontal range, R = 1 2H Ve Projectile Motion over an Inclined Plane Let a projectile is projected up an incline. Let, @ = Angle of inclined plane = Angle of projection from the inclined plane ‘Then, components of velocity parallel and perpendicular to the plane are uy =wcos 0 and u, =usind + Components of acceleration are, acceleration along. the plane is ay =~ gsin o. + Acceleration perpendicular to the planeisa_= g cos «. 2u, usin * Time of fight ofthe particle T = “AL = AST we _ usin? 2a, 2g cosa + Maximum height attained is Hox. lop Horizontal range up the incline is, R =f + > a? 1 2 =ucos 8-T - + gsina-T’ 38 2u! sin 8 cos (0 + a) 22 > DECEMBER 2016 Range is maximum when @ 2 Maximum range is given by, Rygy =——“——— sense ¥ g(1 + sinc) B. Uniform Circular Motion Uniform circular motion is another example of two dimensional motion. Now, consider a particle moving around a circular path of radius r with a constant speed, + Angular displacement reference to a fixed line. is the angle turned with If = linear displacement of the particle Then, 8=0xr ors=r0, + Angular velocity of the rotating particle is angle ‘turned in 1s. ry = Angular velocity @ = 98 ul vont ae + If-vis linear velocity of the particle then, v=o xr + Time period of rotation is given by T = 2, + Centripetal acceleration of the body is, aC. Relative Velocity in Two Dimensional Motion If there are two objects A and B moving with velocities v4 and v, respectively (with respect to ground), ‘Then, velocity of A wrt, Bis Van =V4~Vp OF Vg +(- Vp). So, while drawing velocity triangle we reverses velocity of B. Now we consider two most commonly asked cases. Case I River-Boat problem, Let d=width of river ‘locity of stream or river v=velocity of boat or man Distance Speed d e088 Net velocity of man along the river = u — vsin@ Distance covered in direction of flow of stream D= ‘Time to cross river = ucos 8 « » Hence, we have + Minimum time to ross the river f + Time to reach bank at just opposite point ¢ ~ — In this case distance moved is minimum. Case II Rain-man problems, Let vz = velocity of rain, v,, = velocity of man velocity of rain w.rt. man = Vpn, = Vg +— Ve Best Practice ‘SHOTS, 21. Pankaj and Sudhir are playing with two different balls of masses m and 2m, respectively. If Pankaj throws his ball vertically up and Sudhir at an angle 0, both of them stay in our view for the same period. The height attained by the two balls are in the ratio (2:1 Or (o)1: c08 0 (@)1:s000 22. particle is projected making angle 45° with horizontal having Kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at highest point will be ok wk ork wk ©) RAPID CONCEPT REVISION 23. Two balls of same mass are projected one vertically upwards and the other at angle 60° with the vertical ‘The ratio of their potential energy at the highest point is (3:2 waa wan @ara 24, Kor a given velocity of projection from a point on the inclined plane, the maximum range down the plane is three times the maximum range up the incline. Then, the angle of inclination of the inclined plane is, 30 45" (60° (oo 25. A shell is fired from a gun from the bottom of a hill along its slope. The slope of the hill is = 30°, and the angle of the barrel to the horizontal §- 60°. The initial velocity v of the shell is 21 ms. Then distance of point from the gun at which shell will fall (@1om 020m @40m 26. The maximum range of rifle bullet on the horizontal ground is 6 km its maximum range on an inclined of, 30° will be (@ikm (30m Orem @okm 27.A swimmer can swim at a speed of 6 kmh“ in still water anda river 0.5 km wide is flowing at a speed of 3 kmh”. The ratio of time in which swimmer can cross the river along shortest path to the shortest time in which he can eross the river is, (ist 1251 25:1 se 28. Ais travelling in Kast direction with speed of 10 ms” Bis travelling along 60° North of East with speed of 10 ms". Velocity of A w.r.t. Bis (@) 10 ms" slong 60" South of East (@) 10 ms" along 60" North of East (6) 10 ms" along 60° Bast of South (4) 10 ms" along 60° West of North Aim 29. Two particles are moving in XOY plane with velocities v, and vp. The particles moves such that B pal ig always remains North of A. The ratio o! (acoso (seco sino (a) coseeo PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 23© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION 30. For point objects A, B, C and D are located at the four ‘corners of a square of side d. Each start moving at 1=0 with a constant speed v such that A is always directed towards B, B is always directed towards C, C is always directed towards D and D is alvways directed towards A. They meet after a time interval of wt vg wt @ 30 MASTER 1. A ball of mass m is projected from the ground with an initial velocity u making an angle 0 with the horizontal, Then choose the incorreet statement. (@) The change in velocity between the point of projection ‘and the highest point is usin 8 j (downward) (©) The average velocity averaged over the time of flight is 1ucos @ i (horizontal) (©) The change in velocity in the complete projectile motion is usin j (4) The rate at which momentum of the ball is changing is constant 2. A particle is moving on a circular path of radius R with uniform angular speed a. ‘The magnitude of average linear velocity of particle during time tis BR nt Roy OF gy PR gy 2k for sin ® (e) "Roos (dy sin? 1 2 05 2 2 ‘A particle is thrown with @ speed of 12 ms“ at an angle 60° with the horizontal. The time interval between the moments when its speed is 10 ms (g=10ms*) (10s 128 @16s The accelerations of a particle as seen from two frames S, and S, have equal magnitude 4 ms”, (@) The frames must be at rest with respect to each other. (©) The frames may be moving with respect to each other but neither should be accelerated with respect to the ather, () The acceleration of S, with respect to $, may either be zero or 8 ms (@) The acceleration of S, wth respect to.S, may be anything between zero and 8 ms~. @14s Two particles are projected from the same point with the same speed, at different angles 0, and to the horizontal, They have the same horizontal range ‘hei mes of fight ae and, respectively. Which tthe following is wrong (0) + 0, = 90" whe tane, 4 ha tane, tee i am, ng, 24 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM Answers 1@ 20 3@ 46 5m 6 2 8. (a) 8.0) 10.0) 1.6) 12) 138.) 16. (0) 17} 18. @)—19.(a) 20.) 2A) 221) 2B. fe) HC) BELL) 26.(0) 27. (b} 28. (a) 8.(@) 90. 0) STROKES 6. A particle is projected with a speed V from a point 0 ‘making an angle of 30° with the vertical. At the same instant, a second particle is thrown vertically upwards from a point A. The two particle reach H, the highest point on the parabolic path of particle simultaneously. Then the ratio of ~ is On @nt 7. Two paper screens A and B are separated by a distance of 100 m. A bullet pierces A and B the hole in B is 10 em below the hole is A. If the bullet is travelling horizontally at the time of hitting A. Then the velocity of the bullet at A is (@)100 ms"! (6) 200 me") 600 me" * (4) 100 ms“ 8. A particle is thrown upward with a speed wat an angle © with the horizontal, When the particle makes an angle @ with the horizontal, its speed changes to vu, then (a) v= woos deos § (v= weos 0 (0) v= woos Osee (d) v= usec 0008 $ 9. Mr. Naveen kieked off football with an initial speed 19.6 ms~ at a projection angle 45°. A receiver on the goal line 67.4 m away in the direction of the kick starts running to mect the ball at that instant. What rust be his speed, so that he could catch the ball bofore hitting the ground (a) 2.82 ms" (382 ms (@)10ms10. Two balls of same mass are thrown horizontally from the top of a tower in the opposite direction with velocities 3 ms“ and 4 ms~. The distance between the balls, when their velocities are mutually perpendicular will be nearest to @iom 7m 5m (@25m 11.A motoreyclist starts from the bottom of a slope of angle 45° to cross the valley PR as shown in the figure. The width of the valley is 90 m and length of the slope is 80/2 m. Tho minimum velocity at point O required to clear the valley will be 8 ea (a) 70 ms- (6) 30 ms (} 50 ms (4) 100 ms"* 12. From the top of a tower of height h a body of a mass m is projected in the horizontal direction with a velocity ». It falls on the ground at a distance x from the tower. If a body of mass 2 m is projected from the top of another tower of height 2 A in the horizontal direction so that it falls on the ground at a distance 2x from the tower, the horizontal velocity of the second body is oe ws w ») og y (a) B 13.A particle is projected with a speed 2,/gh, so that it clears two walls of equal height h which are at a distance 2h from each other. The time taken by the particle to pass between the two walls is il 2 we € aoe Ve 14. A projectile is thrown in the upward direction making an angle of 60° with the horizontal direction with a velocity of 147 ms“, Then the time after which its inclination with the horizontal is 45° is ibs (098s 549s A258 15. A cannon ball is fired with a velocity vin a direction ‘making an angle ® with the horizontal. At the highest point of its path it breaks into two parts of equal ‘masses. One of the parts retraces the initial path of the ball. The speed of the second part immediately after explosion in ms will be 2 fd) 3008 8 2 (e)2v008 0 0) [Bv00s 0 =) (6) 0c08 8 ©) RAPID CONCEPT REVISION 16.From the top of a tower of height 40 m a ball is projected upwards with a speed of 20 ms~ at an angle of elevation of 30°. Then the ratio of the total time taken by the ball to hit the ground to its time of flight (Gime taken to come back to the same elevation) is (take g = 10 ms*) Gait waar 17.A shell is fired vertically upwards with a velocity uy from the deck of a ship travelling at a speed of uy. A person on the shore observes the motion of the shell as parabola whose horizontal range is given by 2 Gey BH gy @ @ # 18. A projectile is given an initial velocity of i + 2) ms“, where jis along the ground and jis along the vertical. If g =10 ms~, then the equation of its trajectory is (@) - ix? () y= Bx Sx” (oy = 2x ~ Bx? (a) ay = be — 25x? 3:2 wan (oy 2s @ 19. Atrain is moving along a straight line with a constant acceleration a. A boy standing in the train throws a ball forward with a speed of 10 ms“, at an angle of 60° to the horizontal. The boy has to move forward by 1.15 m inside the train to catch the ball back at the initial height. The acceleration of the train, in ms~*, is (a)9.8ms* — () 5 ms* (4) 0 ms* 20. An object A is kept fixed at the point x= 3m and y=1.25 m on a plank P raised above the ground. At lime ¢=0 the plank starts moving along the +xdirection with an acceleration 1.5 ms*. At the same instant a stone is projected from the origin with a velocity u as shown, (2 ms* A stationary person on the ground observes the stone hitting the object during its downward motion at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. All the motions are in xy plane. Find the time after which the stone hits the object. (Take g = 10 ms~), @is O28 as ws 3 Answers 1a 2b) iB) 6) id) 8H) KG) 10.1) 10) 12) 18.) 1) 18 16(3) 17.) 18.6} 19.) 20.8) PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 25TARGET JEE 2017 TEST RIDER Comprehensive Simulator Test Series for JEE Main & Advanced JEE MAIN (PAPER ONE PREP UP) \ Mock Questions from Class XIth Sylabus with Complete Solutions. la 13) (XI SYLLABUS) abana) INSTRUCTIONS « This tet consists of 80 questions and each question i allotted marks for cor + Candidates willbe awarced marks a stated above for correct response ofeach question, 1/4 mark willbe deducted for indicating incorrect response ofeach question, No deduction from the total score wil be made ifn + Theres only one correct respons foreach question Filling up more than one and marks for wrong response willbe deducted according as per instructions rect response. 10 response is indicated for an item in the answer sheet. response in any question willbe treated as wrong response 1. Three concentric metallic spherical shells of ra 2R, BR and 4R are given charges Q,Q, and Qs respectively. It is found that the surface charge densities on the outer surfaces of the shells are ‘equal. Then, the ratio of the charges given to the shells Q, : @y :Qe is 5 fo 2:3:4 ()4:5:7 (49:16 (3:27:64 2. A.500uF capacitor is charged to 10 V and then its plates are connected by a conducting wire. The heat produced is, (a)0.255 )0.205 5 () 0025 5 @BI 3. A particle of mass 2 kg and charge ~ 2C moves 6. diametrically through a uniformly charged sphere of radius 5 cm with total charge 5C. The angular frequency of the particles simple harmonie motion, if its amplitude < Ris ()1.89 x 10" Hz (6)1.89 % 10° Ha (€)1.50 x 108 He (d)132% 10° He 4, ‘Two capacitors C, and Cy 20,64 are joined in series where, ©, =4C;, They are connected in a circuit with 5 A a switch between them as shown in figure. When the switch is open, net charge Cant, i 26 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM on, is 2Q. Now, the switch is closed, At steady state, the charge on each capacitor will be (029, 4Q ©) 20, 8@ 29 4Q 2 8Q (28,48 28, 8a o 78, “0 @eX ‘Two equal charges of 2C each are fixed at x=— 5m. and x=+5m on the x-axis. Another point charge Q= 4Cis placed at the origin. The change in the electric potential energy of @, when it is displaced by a distance of 2 m along x-axis, is (@)39x 1085 877 x10 (e287 x 108 5 (a) 586 x 10° 5 A battery consists of m identical cells connected in series (internal resistance = r). The terminals of battery are short circuited and current I is measured. The graph between I and n will be u i" @ o ol ° ol . u n © } @ ol ” ol 27. In the given circuit, itis observed that the current J is independent of the value of the resistance R,, Then, the resistance values must satisfy " Sa, Sa 7 Leen FZ (RRs = Rye mieiyte ot, nn hme (Rhy = Rts (Onda 8. A microammeter has a resistance of 100 Q and full Scab rango of 601A. Itcan be used asa veltmetr or toa highvenge ammeter provided a rettanceo tide Gi Elk the correct range ad ronstance combinations) (20 rage with 10k resistance in sess (10 range wi 20. etc inser (8 mirange ith esac nar (@ 10 mA nga with rentanc npr ReR, 9. When 3 V potential difference is applied across a wire of length 0.1 m, having resistivity 16 x 10~° Om, the electrons started moving. If the electron density in the wire is 6 x 10” m~, the drift speed of electrons is (@)1.94 « 107 met (0)1.94% 10° me (o)1.94 x 10 ms (@)1.94 «107 ms“ 10.1 mis magnetic moment and Bis the magnetic field, thon the torque is given by Im} @mB al Bl (mx B (@)\ea) 1B] 11. A proton of mass 1,67 x 10“ kg and charge 16x10" Cis projected with a speed of 2x 10° ms” at-an angle of 60° to the x-axis, a uniform ‘magnetic field of 0.104 Tis applied along y-axis, the path of proton is {@) circle of radius 0.2m and time period is x x 10° (0) acirce of radius 0.1 m and time period is 2x x 1 (©) aholx of radius 0.1 m and time poriod is 2x x 10" (@) aholix of radius 0:2 mand time period ia 4x x 107?» 12. A circular coil A has a radius R and the current, flowing through it is. Another circular coil B has a radius 2R and if 27 is the current flowing through it, then the magnetie fields at the centre of the circular coil are in the ratio of an (eae 21 @in {© TARGET JEE 2017 13. Two particles A and Bof pposcems andns » ane Teapeetivly and Having the (7 5 SO same charge are moving ina */ ? soe plane A waitorm agree Bal cata prpendiear fo this plane. The speeds ofthe pate acu, andy respstvly andthe chaeeler ane ar akon tone ease hon Om ‘om (a) may < may (mg < my and Yy < Up my and v4 = Up 14. The magnetic force acting on a charge particle of charge ~ 24C in a magnetic field of 2 T acting in y-direction, when the partiele velocity is (i+ 3p x 10° ms“, then (@8N inz-irection (0) 8N in y-direction ()4N inz-direction (a) 4N in y-direction 15. Two coherent monochromatic light beams of intensities J and 4f are superimposed. The maximum and minimum possible intensities in the resulting beam are (@)SlandI — (6)51 and st (@)91 ana st 16. The variation of induced emf e) with time (¢) in a coil if a short bar magnet is moved (91 andl aBRECE along its axis with a constant velocity is best represented as ah 7 © \ f aN] {Ue , J olin @ ge. : 17. transmitter transmits at a wavelength of 300 m. A condenser of capacitance 2.4 uF is being used. The value of the inductance for the resonant circuit is approximately. @wn 10H 18. A coil of inductance 8.4 mH and resistance 6 Qis, connected to a 12 V battery. The current in the coil is 1 Aat approximately the time (@500s (6/208 (c) 35 ms 19.A beam of light is travelling in the x-direction is described by the electrie field Z, = (100 Vm~ sino(¢~2} An electron is moving along {1-3} Aneberonnmoving tin own m0 HT (a). ms PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 27& TARGET JEE 2017 y-direction with a speed of 2.5% 10° ms“. The ‘maximum magnetic force experienced by electron will be (a) 250 x 10" N (2x10 N (1.92% 10-9 N (@) 250 x10 N 20. White light is used to illuminate the two slits in a Young's double slit experiment, The separation between the slits is band the screen is at a distance (>> B) from the slits, certain wavelength are missing. Some of these missing wavelengths are @i-% ne wae 1am yi wie ereE w 21.A ray of light travelling in a transparent medium falls on a surface separating the medium from air at aan angle of incidence 40°, The ray undergoes total internal reflection, Ifn is the refractive index of the ‘medium with respect to air, select the possible value cof n from the following (Given sin 40° = 0.64) @an B18 1S LG 22. A hollow double concave lens is made of very thin ‘transparent material. It can be filled with air or either of two liquids L, and L, having refractive indices n, and ny respectively such that ny >m > 1 The lens will diverge a parallel beam of light if itis filled with (a) air and placed in air (6) Ly and immersed in Ly (®) air and immersed in L, (4) Ly and immersed in 23. thin prism F, with angle 90° and made from glass of refractive index 1.45 is combined with another thin prism P, made from glass of refractive index 1.54 to produce dispersion without deviation, The angle of the prism Py is (30° 25 (50° 24. 1n an experiment of photoelectric effect, the stopping potential was measured to be V; and Vz volts with incident light of wavelength % and 2 respectively. The relation between V; and V, may be WYK OY>M, O=M wV,= 2M, 25. The binding energy of deutron #H is 1.112 MeV per nucleon and ana-particle {He has a binding energy of 7.047 MeV per nucleon. Then in the fusion reaction JH + FH SHle+Q, the energy @ released is (@1MeV—()11.9MeV (@)23.8MeV (4) 931 MeV 26. Given a radioactive sample having halflife of 4 days. Find the probability, a nucleus disintegrates after 5 half lives. @ 28 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM 27. In the following circuit, common emitter configuration is used with current gain, B = 20 is used. The output voltage of the amplifier will be @osv oosv 28. In the circuit shown in figure the maximum output voltage Vi is @a0Vv @amv woke, a TR! 2m a Sa (@j)oV BEV (@10V (520 29. The given figure shows the waveforms for three inputs A, Band C and that for the output ¥ of a logie cireuit. The logie cireuit is @ (@)XOR Gate () XNOR Gate (@)NAND Gate (a) NOR Gate 30. A transmitting antenna at the top of a tower has a height of 50 m and the height of the receiving antenna is 32 m. The maximum distance between them for satisfactory communication in line of right mode is (Radius of earth, R is 6400 km). (a) 2529 > 10° ken () 2028 x 10° km (0) 455km (a) None of theseAnswers with Explanation 1. (®) Charge on sphere is given by Q= 4noR? Here, ¢ = Surface charge density 16roR? Q,= 4n0(3R)* ~ Q, = 20n0R* Q,= 4n0(4R)* ~ 4x0(3R)? QQ: Qy = 16:20: 28 ‘On putting the values, we got OD | REBK DADS’ 59 10 Ha 4. (a) In steady state charge on Cis a -(qta)xe- (se) <2 compo 0 +(x “Ep 5. (a) According to figure, initially potential energy of charge @isU, = 2K0@ ie u,= 28 x24) FraBS x 1H = 287 x 105 According to figure second when charge @ is displaced by ‘adistance of 2m, thon its potential energy will be a He eZ) m4 2m 51m 1 oof 1 1] Fara * G-3] 24@11 17 Grol” 3] 77 x 10 Ip ~ U= 89x 10° uy s, av 6. (4) When th termina of the battery are short Seated, then MBE ie. independent of the valu of, Sou wll remain constant 7. fe) Current canbe independent of only when R, Ry FR Ra forme a balanced wheattone bridge. ‘Therefore, RRs RoR or RyRy = Ray 8. (ye) To increas the range of ammeter a paral Festtane led shun equed whieh given by se For option (c), 50 10% Bx lo = 50x10" ‘To change it in voltmeter, a high resistance R is put in series, where Ris given by 100-10 r-Y-G For option @), 29-100 - 200k. wer ‘Therefore, options (b) and (e) are correct. 9. (a) Blectron density, yj = drift speed of electron V=IRandR = a Konaexio) PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 29& TARGET JEE 2017 10. 12. 13, 4. 15, 16. 7. (6) The torque experienced by some current carrying coil is given by the expression BIAsin ® NV = number of tuens of a coil B = magnetie field In vector form, t= mx B Here, m = magnetic moment where, mosin () Path of the proton will be helix of radius, eB where, 0 = Angle between B and v] 7 ~ EST10" 2% 108 xsin gor 7478 = 01m ‘Time period, 2am _ 2x x 1.67 x 10" QB 16x10" x 0108 2n x 10 I (d) AB = @. £ For coil A For coil B (b) Radius ofcxcle = 2 we or radius = muif B and gare same. (Radius), > Radius), ay x By== 2% 10% (ai + 5 x 10°) « a =- 8h F = 8N in z-direction Gh (H+ vBt= 98 Tain = (Wh ~ Ta) Option (eis correct, fF (0) Tee (Polarity of emt will be opposite in the two cases while entering and while leaving the eol. Only in option (b) polarity is changing. Hence, the correct option is (b) (c) Wavelength, i= 900m, Speed oflight, C = 3x 10" ms~ C_ 3x10" _ os Frequency, v= © = 3°20" 10% He NN S00 Resonance frequency, ved 21. BavEe = ire = 4 30 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM 19, 20. = Le= mw 24x 10°F 1 1 nag BNC GAO aK 10 Here, C= 24, L (@) The current-time equation in L-R circuit is given by T= Ij“) @ Where, t=V= Bean Ro and oy, = b= SAXW rg torts Ro 1A (given) ‘Substituting these values in equation (), we get 1 097 x0 or 15097 me~ Ime () B= Bysin at 2/0) B= 100Vm" py= E00 = gg 1077 © 3x10 = evBy whore, Fy, = Maximum magnetic foree experienced by an electron = charge on electron v= speod of electron By ~ magnitude of magnetic field Fy = (1.6 x 1025 x 10833 x 1077) 12.10" N) {a 6) Suppose P isa point of observation in front of sit S, as shown ral postion Missing wavelength at P is given by en wm ‘where, dis separation between sits Disa distance betwoen slit and screen By putting = 1, 2,3, ae a ra we e bd (@) For total internal reflection to take place angle of incidence, i> critical angle, @¢ 1 Here, d= 8, D = di he or sini > sine or sin aor>22. (a) Thelens maker's formul: 23. (6) Deviation, 8 24, 25, 26. o6t>t 5 n> n or or n> 1.562 ‘Therefore, n can have 1.6 possible value. rez) Here, 1m, = refractive index of lens ig, ~ refractive index of mediua For double concave lens Loa Ry = negative, Ry ostive (5 z) For diverging lens Foca length, f= ngatve = (ZE-1) pote * 1, tg bung my Lens should be filled with L, and immersed in Ly, = 25° Angle of prism, P, (b) According to Binstein’s photoelectric equation, «i Bq.) can be rewritten as = 2¥, + 20 Vow (c) Energy equivalent to fH = 2x 1.112 = 2224MeV. Energy equivalent to fife = 47.047 = 28188MeV From the oquation, nergy released = (28188 — 2 2226 = 2974MeV 238 MeV one), Probability & TARGET JEE 2017 Output voltag 27. (a) Voltage gain Taput voltage Vag = Vig x Voltage gain > Vag = Vg. x Current gain x Resistance gain Ry Vig XB x Bt. fa XB = 10° x 20x 2 28. (6) For positive halfeyele M4 rovbes 29. (a) From the given waveforms, the following truth table ‘ean be made Time Inputs Output interval B Y oom Tor, Tt Tot ToT 9% Tht or orroce|> sore ccela ‘This truth table is equivalent to XOR Gate 30. (hy = 50m, hy, = S2mand R = 6400 km = 64 « 10m ox = y2RIy + J2RH, whore, Tt = radius of earth ight of transmitting antenna weight of receiving antenna [2x 64x 10" x 50 + Bx 64x10" x 32 25.208 x 10% + 20.288 x Lo" 45.5% 10" m 45.5 km PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 31TARGET JEE 2017 TEST RIDER Comprehensive Simulator Test Series for JEE Main & Advanced JEE MAIN (PAPER TWO SCALE UP) Mock Questions from Class Ith syllabus to enhance Your Problem Solving Skills INSTRUCTIONS. (XI SYLLABUS) «Tiss consist of 30 questions and each question i alloted 4 marks for correc respone + Candidates willbe swarded marks a stated abo for correct response of each question. M mark willbe deductod for indicating incorrect response ofeach question, No deduction fom the oa score will be made if no eesponse is indicated for an ter inthe answer shee, «Theres only one corect response foreach question Filling up more than one responce in any question willbe ested a wrong response and marks for wrong eesponse willbe deducted according a per instructions. 1. A thin dielectric rod of length ! lies along x-axis with, ‘one end at the origin and the other end at the point G0). It has a uniform charge distribution with total charge @. The potential at a point (x, 0) when x > lis ee elt (or Be 35) Bee 8 2 Feed @ ‘4m, 2. Which ofthe following transition in hydrogen atoms emits photons of highest frequency? fn (d)n=2ton=1 3. Array of light incident at an angle 0 on a refracting face of a prism emerges from the other face normally. If the angle of the prism is 5° and the prism is made of a material of refractive index 1.5, ‘the angle of incidence is, @is os 1s ws 4. A thin dise having radius rand charge q distributed uniformly over the die is rotated n rotations per second about its axis, The magnetic field at the centre of the dise is hat ar ote (ay ar 32 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM 5. Assertion In Young's double slit experiment, the fringes becomes indistinct if one of the slits is covered with cellophane paper. Reason Cellophane paper decreases the wavelength of light, (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of the Asaertion. (@) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of the Assertion. () Assertion is true but Reason is false. (@) Assertion is false but Reason is true, 6. 2 Rais a radioactive substance having halflife of 4 days, The probability that a nucleus undergoes decay in two half-lines is @. i oy os @ a i 7. Appoint charge of 2C experiences a constant force of 1000 N when moved between the two points separated by a distance of 2 em in a uniform electric field. The potential difference between two points is @2V HBV IOV IBV 8. A step-down transformer inereases the input current 4 A to 24 A at the secondary. If the number of turns in the primary coil is 330, the number of turns in the secondary coil is (60 50 6s wos9. A light ray is incident perpendicular to one face of a 90° prisin and i totaly internally reflected at the tlass-air interface, Ifthe angle of reflection is 45°, We conchide that the refractive index nis On>2 wo (anew fone 1° B 10. radioactive material decays by simultaneous emission of two particles with halflife 1620 yr and 810 yr respectively. The time in year after which one-fourth of the material remains is (a) 1840 ye 1 1080 yr 940 ye (a) None of these 11. The ionisation energy of hydrogen is 13.6 eV. The energy of the photon released when an eleetron jumps from the fret excited state (n = 2) to the ‘round state ofa hydrogen atom is (a) daev B)45iev r02ev @ 166 12, Two lenses of power ~ 15D and ~ 15D are kept in contact with each other. The focal length of the combination is (@)+ Oem wo (e)- Wem @~ 13. Ifa star converts all helium in its core to oxygen then energy released per oxygen nuclei is (mass of He - 40026 amu mass of 0-15.9994 amu) (@) 10.24 MeV wo (6) 7.56 MeV (@5 Mov 14. An inductor of inductance L and resistor of resistance R are joined in series and connected by a source of frequency @. Power dissipated in the circuit is Prot @ 15. Two coils X and ¥ are placed in a cireuit such that a current changes by 2 A in coil X and magnetic flux changes by 0.4 Wb in ¥. The value of mutual inductance of the coils and its units are (020 won (ose @oan 16.1n a plane electromagnetic wave the electric field oscillates at a frequeney of 15 x 10" Hz and amplitude is 360 Vn {© TARGET JEE 2017 ‘The amplitude of oscillation of magnetic field is (15x 10" Wom (6)2 10" Wom ()12 «10 Wom (a)1.5x 104 Wom 17.A light of wavelength 2. is incident on a slit of width d. The resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a screen at a distance D. The linear width of the principal maximum is then equal to the width of the slit, iD equals of @™ € R d we ) 18. A spherical surface of radius of curvature R, separates air from glass. The centre of curvature is, in the glass. A point abject P placed in air is found to have a real image @ in the glass. The line PQ cuts the surface at a point O and PO =0Q. The distance PO is equal to (a 5R aR (oak (wise 19. A cesium photocell with a steady potential difference of 60 V across it is illuminated by a small bright source placed 1 m away. When the same light is placed 2 m away. The electrons crossing the photocell (a) carry one quarter of their previous momentum. () carry one quarter oftheir previous energy. (6) are one quarter as numerous. (@) are half as numerous 20. The initial activity of a certain radioactive isotope ‘was measured as 1600 counts per minute. Given that the only activity measured was due to this isotopes and that its activity after 12 h was 2100 counts per minute, its halflife, in hours is nearest to (90 60 ao 50 21. Two particle x and y having equal charges, after being accelerated through the same potential difference, enter a region of uniform magnetic field and describe circular path of radii 4 em and 9 em respectively. The ratio of the mass of x to that y is (2:3 4:9 (aca (a6 81 22. When photon of energy 4.25 eV strikes the surface of a metal A, the ejected photoelectrons have the maximum kinetic energy 7 eV and de-Broglie wavelength is 24. The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons librated from another metal B by photons of energy 4.70 eV is Ty = (Ty - 150) eV. IF the do-Broglio wavelength of these photoelectrons is Dy =2h4, then (a) the work function of Ais 225 eV (@) the work function of B is 420 eV (T= 200eV (@) Al\of the above PHYSICS SPECTRUM «< DECEMBER 2016 < 33& TARGET JEE 2017 23. A galvanometer of resistance R, is to be converted into an ammeter with the half of a shunt resistance R,. If the ratio of heat dissipated through the galvanometer and shunt is 3 : 4, then f@R,=2R, 4 wr, aR, 24,'The Fraunhofer's diffraction pattern of a single slit is formed in the focal plane of a lens of focal length is 1m. The width of slit is 0.3 mm. If third ‘minimum is formed at a distance of 5 mm from central maximum, then wavelength of light will be (@) 5000 A (8) 2500.4 (©) 1500 & (a) 8500 A 25. The wavelength 2 of the de-Broglie waves associated with an electron (mass m and charge e) accelerated through a potential difference of V is given by (h is Planck's constant) in A ( oo mev Ov 2 wt a he Tne¥ Bne¥ 26. The radioactive decay of an element X to element, Y and K is represented by the equation EX 8, YH KIT K The sequence of the emitted radiations is a,b. 8.0 nas 8, ya 27. 1n a transistor, a change of 8.0 mA is observed in the emitter current. What change in the base current is necessary to produce the same change in the collector current? (a) 50s 1000 (6) 150.8 (4) 200A 28. The threshold frequency for a certain photosensitive metal is vp, When itis illuminated by light of frequency v = 2vo, the maximum velocity of photoelectrons vy. What will be the maximum velocity of the photoelectrons when the same metal is illuminated by light of frequency v = 5v,? (a vy 0)2%, fe) 2/Bvy wav, 29. On a particular day, the maximum frequency reflected from the ionosphere is 8 MHz. On another day it was found to increase to 9 MHz. The ratio of the maximum electron densities of the ionosphere ‘on the two days is 34 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM fg \s of) @ 8 ws "5 al? ) ) 30. Phe logic symbol of a gate is shown in the figure — below. @ o o w 1.60) Bi) I) 16.(0) 21.10) 26. (b) A [B |x oo i 1 Jo |o o ja fo 1 i to Ae |x ojo fo 1 fo [a o ja fo 1 |i [o A [B [x oo fo 1 Jo |o o ja fa 1 |i fo A [Bs |x ojo fo 1 Jo |o o 1 fo rir ha Answers 2 3) 4 76 8 8 21) 1.) 4 718), 2.id) 23.) 8 27.16) 28.00) 29 © @ © 5. 15, 20, 25. 30,8) EXPLICATION | ACTIVITY TRACKER | A ‘an act Wacker ga devi that records data Ike distance walked or un. cabies cons. blood pressure. hear-peat rats and quay of ie, "i ay wacker comes i orm a a wearabh “vistoane that canbe connect oa compute, Ipod ar smariphone fer lng term ost rackng Sats lights Bution roal’3. Sm pa role acy Wacker are fundamentally Uogradd sures nuroet ol steps taker. Thess uees ation and alimeters (heir measurng deus) to calculate distance and cals Thore are sme Sonsorsincorpofaled hich ean mas Neat bea oa yo, Tackers canbe wor over wrt ankle or wast wth ehebalabard tat fis orion of pedometer (deveos romatersmlors maseurng Se sar us wit an acy vacker otnoss rake we have fe fallow alwing sta, 1. GETTHE APP. ‘Snnload the UP ty Jantone app ferifmonee and achat your bene t >it 2, WEAR THE BAND ack your acy ne sap 24/7 8. uve UP alongos, back cap ‘Steel body battry cover goats baton, (Groves power upto 10 days use) “bration ator or ala ad ales Cover (emote oove or orcas access) Battery charging and equr unt Miraprocessor fr signal processing) Accelerator unt (measures atv wih maton sensor aigont Connector band Pur buon (awiches meds and inate stonnateh functon 3.5mm audio jck or syncing ane charging) 1L: Carbon see spring als ei and provides suppor to components) Tracks bee actly “racks sim activity FITNESS TRACKER racks un actvy t Tracks wak acivy ‘racks sleep actvty ‘Acti tackars tds hor use io ofce works, indusios oe ‘posse ofice sbuctreis as fells < Westie 30 Scanors C= eso = \ Be Work force ovate Ver f= Measurement and systems apimisaton PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 35&) TARGET JEE 2017 Er. VPS Tyagi JEE ADVANCED @RILL A collection of 30 innovative problems on JEE Advanced pattern from complete syllabus Single Option Correct I. A cabin is moving upwards with constant ‘acceleration equal to accelerate due to gravity g. A boy standing in the cabin wants to whirl a particle of ‘mass m in a vertical circle of radius r. {= |e ‘The minimum velocity which should be provided at lowermost point (w.r-t. cabin) so, that particle can just complete the circle is (assume the string is ideal one) (a) oar ) lor (20—r (Ber 2. During measurement of the refractive index of transparent flab (L) using travelling microscope ithe readng ofthe eal ptt | the bottom is T em. Reading of the toss due to refraction is found as Sem. Also reading atthe top ofthe | flab ie 10 em. Refractive index af rnaterial ofthe slab is wis ws fra wis 3. Consider the circuit shown in the figure. A, and Ay are two ideal ammeters. Now just after key K is pressed to complete the circuit the reading is 36 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM ck Qin (a) maximum in A, and zero in Ay (6) maximum in both A, and Ay (e) zero in A, and minimum in Ay (d) zero in both A, and Ay Aplayer strikes a football such that it started spinning in the air with a angular velocity w as shown in the diagram. Another player of, ‘opposite team punchers the football through a sharp niddle in the air such that radius of the football contracts to 75% of its original value. What will be the new angular velocity of the football if weight of the football remains same 4 16 4 25 @4o wo oto wo OF os "35 °F In a nuclear reactor an element X undergoes fission and liberating E joule of energy. The reactor has aefficioney of nand produces P watt power. Ifthe reactor is operated for 20 yr and Ny is Avogadro's number then mass of the element X required is oP ay nw To. oe ON, 3More Than One Correct Option 6. A condueting rod AB of length L is pulled with a ‘constant foree P towards left hand side, Resistance of each resistor is SR and capacitance is C/3. The rod is moving along two parallel rails in region of constant magnetic field B as shown in the figure. Choose the correct statements) (a) maximum charge on the combination of capacitor is BRC * ous aa PR 2 6) terminal velocity of he rod 2° » iy ark PR Be () terminal velocity of the rod is (4) maximum charge on the combination of capacitors is PRC ao 7. If nuclei of a radioactive clement X are being produced at a constant rate 8 and the element has a decay constant n then (assume that Ny nuclei of the element were present at f = Oand8 = Sn) () numberof nucle of X after two halélive is 25, (@) number of nuclei of X alter very longtime is Ny (6) number of nuclei of X ater two hal ives is 15 Ny (4) number of nuclei of X after very long time is 8. Consider a long cylindrical container X as shown in the diagram. The container contains a gas of density p with molecules of mass m. All the walls are frictionless. Temperature of the gas is T and the piston ¥ remains in equilibrium as shown in the diagram then ok, (@) Pressure of the gas is eeKereK ama (@) Potential energy stored in the spring is (@) Pressure of the gas is: eker (2) Compression i the spring is PRP. {&) TARGET JEE 2017 9. An object O is placed on the principal axis of a combination of mirror M anda slab L. Ifimage of the object O coincides with it thus, Rez00m Nhe (ja inredurd dur athe ach rom sty as shown in the figure. An observer 4 70 is at rest at a point located at (2a, 0) / wert centre ofthe circle. Assuming Yt that the frequency of sound emitted, hy the source is Vo and speed of sound is the air as vs = 320 ms™ (a) maximum frequency heard by the avs 10. A sound source is moving along a circular path with constant speed of 320m 1 ms“ in clockwise direction WS observer is (®) minimum frequency heard by the 33 (6) position of the source when observor receives maximum Frequency is (+ a, 0) (4) position of the source when obsorver receives minimum freqaeny i 11. A copper eylinder of mass 1 kg is heated electrically by a 15 W heater in a room at 20°C, Temperature of the cylinder increases uniformly to 30°C in 5 min and finally becomes constant at 50°C. Assume that the rate of loss of heat is directly proportional to the excess temperature over the surroundings then (@) the rate of loss of heat of the cylinder to the surrounding at 50°C is 15 W. (©) the rate of loss of heat ofthe eylinder to surrounding at 30°C is 5 W. (6) the rate of loss of heat ofthe eylinder to the surrounding at 50°C is 5 W. (4) the rate of loss of heat of the eylinder to surrounding at 30°C is 15 W 12. The smallest division on main scale of a vernier callipers is 1 mm and 10 vernier divisions coincide with 9 main scale divisions. While measuring length of a line the zero mark of the vernier scale lies between 10.2 em and 10.3 cm and the third division of the vernier seale coincide with the main scale division then PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 37{&) TARGET JEE 2017 13. (ato ago Aeriestnar mange [4 eee CaP) Cepeda f= (a) Electric potential at the centre of the dise ae () Blectrie potential at the contre of the dise is 5% () KE of the particle at the contre as h > a is 6 1 4 se Ra ~ 20} (@) KB of the particle atthe centre ash ais (6 5.4 2a)] 4 sea + 2a) Integer Type Questions 14, 15, 16. 17. 18. 19. A small quantity of solution containing Mg“ radio nuclide (halflife =20h) of activity 4% 10* disintegrations per second is injected into the blood of a person. A sample of the blood of volume 1 em? taken after time t h shows an activity of 300 disintegration per minute. Volume of the blood in the blood is found as 8000 e~**" em®, Value of ¢ in hours is An electron is in nth excited state of Be” ion. The de-Broglie wavelength of the electron in this state is 4nay (where ay is the Bohr radius). The value of n is ‘The time period of oscillation of a body of ‘mass m suspended through a spring is E given by T = 2,9 where, U, mand g K Vo & represents elastic potential energy, mass a ‘and acceleration due to gravity and 9 is unknown. If[6]=[M?L°7"| ‘Then what is the value of p +-q +r? A cannon ball is imparted an initial velocity of 30 ms“ at an angle of 53° to the horizontal. After ‘some time the ball is seen to travel at an angle of 87° below horizontal. Compute the time consumed (in second) till then, upto nearest integer. ‘The inductor in a L-C oscilation has a maximum potential difference of 32 V and maximum energy of 1280 uJ. The value of eapacitance for the L-C circuit inpF is 4, Evaluate n. HF is. Nitrogen molecules are enclosed in a vessel as shown in the diagram, When the spark key P is pressed it raises the temperature of the gas three times and DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM nitrogen molecules dissociate into atoms. If rms speed of the molecules before sparking was v then after sparking it becomes vnv, Find the value of n H]> 20. A uniform ring of mass m and radius a = ©? in pivoted smoothly at 0. If a uniform dise of mass m and radius a is welded at the periphery of the ring, then find the time period of SHM of the system (ring + disc) (in seconds) 21. In a large cylindrical water tank there are two small holes 6, and 6, on the wall ata depth of Y, from upper level of water and at a height ¥, from the lower end of the tank respectively as shown in the figure. Water coming out from both the holes strike the ground at the same point. Compute the ratio of and Y Passage Based Questions Passage 1 Monochromatic light of wavelength A is 5500 A is incident on the slits of a Young's double slit experiment (YDSE) as shown in the figure. +p —+| Moving 7) 4 =bn)) ‘The screen is moving towards right with an acceleration a of 10 ms“, It is given that d is 2 mm and D is 2m,22, Velocity (in ms“) of central maxima of YDSE discussed in the above passage at ¢ = 4s is fai (6) 204 @)- 405 @aoi 23. Velocity (in cm(s)) of 2nd minima with respect to central maxima at ¢ = 4s is (a) 26 (6)1.653 wisi (a) ~ 1.65 j Passage 2 ‘The nuclear reaction n + !°B —» JLi+ {Heis observed to occur even when very slow moving neutrons (m, = 10087 w) strike a boron atom at rest, For a particular reaction in which K,, ~0, the helium (He = 40026 w) is observed to have a speed of 930 x 10* ms“. Evaluate 24, The kinetic energy ofthe lithium (mLi =720160u) @102 Mev (6) 2.04 Mev (0) 0.04 Mev (d) 3.06 MeV 25. The Q-value of the reaction (@) 1.82 Mev (6) 2.82 Mev (4.16 Mov (d) 082 MeV Passage 3 Consider the circuit consists of two capacitors C, and C, connected in a circuit consisting two switches S, and S, a8 shown in the figure. {&) TARGET JEE 2017 27. Time at which rate of energy dissipating in capacitor C; is equal to rate of energy stored in capacitor Cy is @Re @)RCm2 (@)2RCIm2 Matrix Match Type 28. An ideal gas undergoes two processes X and Y. One of these is adiabatic and the other is isothermal. Corresponding to p-V graphs in Column Tmateh the auantities given in Column IL Column Column Ey |i Hat auppliod during curve te is pote B |B. Work done bythe gas in both t proceso is postive ‘Temperature of gas in process ¥ is constant Capacitor C, contains a mica sheet of dielectric constant Doe 4 Teternal ener increases in hes. 5) Ny SY \ K += L, 29, Three bulbs X, ¥ and Z are rated as (px, V), (py, V) ‘Two cells of emf 28 and E are also connected. Bach resistor is having a resistance of R. In the given circuit first switch S; is closed and when steady state in reached for C, switch 'S, opened and switch Sy is closed at ¢ =0. Now answer the folowing questions (AssumeC, =C, =), 26. Charge on capacitor C, as a function of time is (@2eoU- | EC wea ECU - eR) @ron and (pz,V) respectively. It is given that Px > Py > Pg. Column I indicates the arrangement of the bulbs in different configurations. Column Il gives corresponding brightness neglecting the variation in resistance due to change in temperature match the Column I with Column I Column I Column It Zis glowing with ‘maximum brightness, X is having the ‘minimum brightness, PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 39{&) TARGET JEE 2017 Y is glowing with DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM Rip a The nde canbe aud to provid adil fore tht no tora Therefore angular momentum ofthe otal main constant. Lely > Sano 2ar(38) greg (S R =M > o-5 5. (b) The reactor produces Py power. The reactor is to function for 20 yr. Therefore, total energy which the reactor will supply in 20 yrs By = (P)(20) = (20P) J But since, the efficiency ofthe reactor is therefore, actual energy needed is nly. One X atom liberates E joule of encray So, number of moles X atom needed is n20P No No Hence, total mass of X required iam = m x M = 2O1P ay 6. (6d) Baquivalent resistance ofthe combination is SE = nS ostEquivalent capacitance of the combination is 3x = ¢ 3 In steady state Ble ao BL=F=P and 1 = Bltiecnioa ® . P Bless BOR = 4 fe hein = dom Cx BL PR. PRE By BL 7. (a, b) Letat time f, number of radioactive nucle are N. Net rate of formation of nuclei of X is av wos ao or fBo-fa aah Solving this equation we get we lpe-G- mye"). a Substituting = 3nNand¢ = 2tye 2 8 in or ta ax Bing (i we get wax thi] | J if w= 1snvy-(@nNge 4 a Bio ~ 2nNye™ Zi 3nNvg— ange") a 5y, 3 Putting» = in Bg) we et N= tantly = 2ne"“]e BN, n 8. (a, b) Itis given that temperature of the gas is T. Mass of each molecule of the gasism. Let compression in the spring is x rms speed of gas molecules in the T container is pressure ofthe ] (#2) Foree acting an the piston is F pa= (2 )a sasis Lye od doulas = Lia pe ptm For equilibrium ofthe piston Potential energy stored in the spring Pe alge? alg PRT" ma _ orks ama 9. (a, b) Let refractive index ofthe slab isu. Shift introduced due to the slab is arn oft 2} towards the mirror M. rn For the mirror object is ata distance of of - = 1)-20 uw) or tary u 1 u or 1.2 373 10. (a,b, Sound emitted by the source at A will result in maximum frequency while sound emitted by source at B will result in minimum frequency Time taken by sound to reach from A to ‘asin 60" 20 observer Angle rotated by the source in this time 320m ,, dasin 60° _ {&) TARGET JEE 2017 Position ofthe source when the observer receives the maximum fFroquency is (+ a, 0 Also, position of the source when the ‘observer receives the minimum frequency is(~ aos 60°, ~ asin 60°) TT. (a,b) Rate of heat oss, a2) LKQ (Gr) -Ke-@ AL °C rate of heat loss = Rae of heat supplied = 15 W > K60= 20) =15 181 ype! m0 Rate of oes of heat othe surrounding aoc (2-4 a ag” 12. (a, b) Least count ‘Salles vison on main scale Number of divisions of vernier sale =Lmm= 41mm Length of the line Z = (102+ 8% 001) em 13. (a, ¢) Electric potential at point P due to the elemental ring of thickness dx y+ ntLcy 10.23em where, r= (i aa? Also, dq= 2nr ds @ a= 2d oa Potential due to the complete dise mde Oph Ede v= [fof d= fos oO None GS Ye eT Potential at the eentre v, = 22 ee PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 41{S) TARGET JEE 2017 Now, applying can conservation of eneray we get 14, (9) Ris disintegration constant. 0.693 _ 0.693 5-1 ha 20 Let Ro = initial activit disintegration per second 1ris activity ip 1 cm" of blood at time th 300 300 aisintegration per second sre disintegration sintgration per seed Ris avy of whole blood at ime th, Total volume o bod should be ve Re™ Substituting the values, we gt 4x10" acasse cm? eae 80 15, (8) Angular momentum nh nth de-Broglie wavelength 2 = Also, Ls mur = ae 5 he _ dar me 2x Also we know that way Mt oa = a) a = aa 28 Given that & Anay = bray=2™n = naw Comparing with (] = M*L°P" weget p= O,g=1,r=2 prarra3 7. (8) Consider the motion of the ball ‘as shown in figure, some" ont » 3 7 yx 3 ye Sate Be ae! Pegs Now wecan write peer Fa = Fhe soxsin 5 — g xe a ‘ = —21 soxt-gxe 18. (6) According to the question it is sven that @ and «i, From Eqs. (i) and (i) Q _ 1280104 2 RB = Q=sox10%C 5 Q sox? g-2gr 42 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM 19. (6) Let temperature of the gas before sparking is T and mass of nitrogen molecules is m. Therefore initial rms speed of nitrogen molecules is sm (SE aan Whon pai aplied T’ = 30 andm’= = 2 (SEP, RES | eT Yom Re aaa Composing with the given value we get 20. (2) An we know that time period of im '\Ma¥ Hore we have three quantities I, M and r a physical pendulum is T = 2x, Let us evaluate these quantities one by cone as follows Finding I,1 = (Ding + (Dane where, (Ding = 1G + m(C0)? ma? + ma? = 2ma® 10, + m(C,0* 2 2 Find, Y =Vey = 4 mia) + m(3a) i M=m,+mz=2m Substituting values we got21. (1) Let the two streams strike at the ‘same point (X) as shown in the figure. = R= R-R = 4h =o @ where = speed of efflux at 6, = \ZaT, Similarly, op = 2H = ¥) 4, = time of fll of the water stream through 6 Pe - [ae Similarly, t, Putting these values in equation i) we have (H -~¥)¥, = -¥a¥ SIH 0% + ¥gilMh -Yal=0 AsH -(%,+¥) 40 ¥, -¥,=09%=1 Ya 22. (d) At any time , the situation is shown in the figure, Central maxima always lying at point O fon the sereen. Its velocity at any time fs 23. (6) Path difference betweon the light waves corresponding to a point P is Ax = dsin 9 = dtan ¢ = Ax =dx For 2nd minima, Location of central maxima is (4+ oor. action of nd minima ( Dt 2) Velocity of 2nd minima wart. central aw u = Oand ey = = v + uj (2) (a Sh at Lea | wes if] vit= 45) 5[B x10} ( 25500 x 10°! x10x4 (3x 55x 10 ms") j = 065 x 107 on) 24. (a) Since, the neutron and boron are both initially at rest, the total ‘momentum before the reaction is zero aand of forward is also zero, Therefore, mits = Mande Now, we can write Lmavhs = PHYSICS SPECTRUM {&) TARGET JEE 2017 Also, (4.0026 1) (1,66 « 10°” kgu7!)? (9.30 x 10% ms“)? BT OTB 1.66% 17" he) 1.64 x LO“ J = 1.02 MeV [Fe MeV = 1.6 x 10] 25. (6) Similarly, Kine = 44005 00.6651 K, dma prinette x (83% 108 ms“) 287 x 0" J= 1.80MeV Q-value ofthe reaction iu + Ky = 1.02MeV + 1.80 MeV = 282MeV Q 26. (e) Consider the circuit as shown in the figure, Assume the current through the cireuit is / and charge on Cy ig = - se @) ~ InEO) + We a 27. (e) Rate of energy stored in capacitor Ga4x Rate of energy stored in capacitor G, DECEMBER 2016 < 43{TARGET JEE 2017 cea (©) Curve X is isotherm and curve ¥ is - xr 30. A), B48), C2), DA) ‘adiabatic. Therefore, heat supplied Gi ven, Mp = 2kg, Mg = 4g For equality during X; @ = AW'= positive. also G8. Mo 9 a=CB-¢ ‘work done hy the gas is positive in both For bullet jet = mxy ~ uy) ce te process as the gas expands, = 025(- 90 ~ (~ 1601] = 2g CEaq= (D) Explanation is same as (C). = 025160) 29. A-4,2), B44, 3), C12), D2) This also impulse by the pulled on gE. ‘Thus, charge on each capacitor is ©, lel ar) ‘As Py > Py> Pz and the rated voltage is "Ck? Now, puting = SE weet same forall therefore their resistances Forblock P {(F ~ Tg o will satisfy the relation Ry < Ry | and therefore, brightness of ‘ow, applying law of conservation of > Voltage across X and is same times STATEY wee brightness of X is more than Y. Mggh = ye + Maio" 28, A—G, 4), BG, 4), CA, 2), For (C) Voltage across are the bulbs is 2 D—a,2) Ee p= Lie + Mah same, Power across each bulb ia P = £, 2K (40 Curve¥ represent itothermal a process therefore temperature remains Thus, Py > Py > Py 1/_6x 25 eonstant. For (D) In this circuit X i short “alana For an adiabatic process @ = 0 cireuited¥ and Z are in parallel and en sau == AW have voltage across Yan Z i same. =ix5-5 Hor, aW = nogatve ->.aU = poatve PY Py, Thus, Xie having minimum cians (B) Explanation is same as (A). intensity ‘The Highly Useful Problem Books for School/Board ~ and Engineering Entrances ~~ NCERT EXEMPLAR © =" PROBLEMS-SOLUTIONS FOR CLASS XI & XII Nielsen INCER S Niels Pa Pe Uy WUE F259 150 F251 «ASO F280 © 175F281«t1S0 F279 «17S F2B2_— tS. Detailed Explanation to all Objective & Subjective Problems of NCERT Exemplar Books 44 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM& RAINBOW Learn Through Problems ATOMS Section targetted to provide stepwise learning & practice through selective problems © ‘The ratio of areas within the electron orbits for the first excited state to the ground state for hydrogen atom is @e1 Or wat 2 © (al Thinking Process Radius of orbit of n™ state of H-atom isr, =0530°A Step 1 Radius of n' stater, xn" and area A= xr? Aqnt For hydrogen atom Radius penta t=h ‘Step 11 Substitute values of to get dsired rato Amt Tig og Aude i ea © ‘The innermost orbit ofthe hydrogen atom has a diameter 1.06 A. The diameter of tenth orbit is fa) 534, fo) 10.6.4, (0) 53 (@) 106 A ® (a) Step 1Recal thatr, « n® and diameter = d= r, x2 So, wo have mY orto (=) (s)«2-() Step 1 Now web aie gern fe (RY oars TRY THESE 1. Ina hydrogen atom what willbe the radius of Sth abit the vagus of th fist orbit is 053 A. : (012854 sah jlosak a) 182 2. Ifthe radius ofthe Boh rit inthe ground state of hydrogen atom is(15 A. The radius ofthe orbit ofthe electron inte thi exited 105A (a025A o1L@ 2a) © The ratio of the wavelengths for 2—> 1 transition in Li’, He" and His (@t:2:3 (0)4:9:36 (tag a2 ® (€) Thinking Process When an electron make a transition from n, to state, emitted wavelength is given by Balmer's formula Step U ForLi"*,2 = 8, forte", Z = Band for HZ =1 Hence, we have oe tgs a | © The wavelength of radiation emitted is by when an electron jumps from the third to the second orbit of Iprtrogen atom. For the eleciton junp from the fourth to the second grit of the hydrogen atom, the wavelength of radiation emitted will be 16 20 a toa, @ oF de Pay 2 6 ® (6) When an electron makes a transition energy is emitted in form of radiation and emitted wavelength is given by ria) Step I For transition 3 —s 2, wavelength of radiation in hydrogen atom i given by cee Lag a] PHYSICS SPECTRUM, « DECEMBER 2016 < 45© RAINBOW ‘Step T1For transition 4+ 1, emitted wavelength is given by 1 f1_1y Af eA] pit) ae «o (awe) ‘Step TI Now we ind ratio of wavelengths From Eqs. and di) BSR, 1820 536 aR TRY THESE 1. We the lecton inthe yrogen ata jumps rom obit to ott the wavelength of ein omted i When the electrons jump from 3” orbit to 1* orbit, the wavelength of emitted radiation would be 2 t2a c tad 2. Imagine an atom mado up of a proton anda hypothetical parle af dauble the mass ofthe electron but having same charge asthe alecron. Apply Bar atom madel and conde al possible transition ofthis hyothetical parc to the fist excited level The longest wavelength photon tat wil be emited has ‘wavelength (gvon in he terms of Ryberg constant for hydrogen atom) equa to (lee bla ® La lertas8 2.06) © ‘The first member of the Paschen series in hydrogen spectrum is of wavelength 18,800 A. The short wavelength limit of Paschen series is (a) 12154 (0) 6560.4. (0) 82254 (@) 12850 A ® (€) Thinking Process In Paschen series, longest wavelength of first member occurs in transition n=4 to n=3 and shortest wavelength occurs in transition n=~,n=3. ‘Step I First member of Paschen series mean it's ‘Step II Short wavelength of Paschen series means Rein ‘Step III So, the ratio is Shae 7 6 xh, san = x 18800= 8225 A. i6 Teme © Ratio ofthe wavelength of frst line of Lyman series and fivt line of Balmer series is wt3 pars 52748 ® (€) Thinking Process First member of Lyman series occurs Inteanstion 21 Fist member of Balmer sresoccursinvansition 3-52 Step IWecaleulate fst member af Lyman seria using Palmer formal ForLyman series, a Ri ih ‘Step II We calculate fi 1 a “ jember of Balmer's series as * 46> DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM For Balmer series erfh. ii) in LPS Step TIT Now, wo can find desired ratio hag 5 From equation () and (i “= 5 ea “ 2 @ Hydrogen atom in its ground state is excited by radiation of wavelength 975A. How many lines will be there in the emission spectrum. a2 we 6 a8 ® (6) Thinking Process Number of emission lines in transition 1n->Ypossible (at maximum) = 2(2=) ‘Step 1 We first find excited state of electron using Balmer's formula as Step TI Now, we caleulate maximum number of possible transitions, (nD Number of spectral lines N © ‘The absorption transition between two energy states of hydrogen atom are 8, The emission transitions Betwoon thes states will be ‘a3 ye ws we ® (d) Thinking process Absorption occurs in single steps lle eniaion can oseurstopwie Step 1 Fret we ealeulate number of absorption Kes. Number of abeorpton lines = (w1)-2.8e(n-1)-on=4 Step Ui Now we calculate nuber of nia inet amber of omited ine nore) —e TRY THESE 1. The ionisation potential of H-atom is 13.6 V when i is exited from ground state by monochromatic radiation of 370.6 A, the number ‘of emission lias will be according to Boh's theory) te ws ‘a4 4-0) 2. The figure indicates the energy level diagram of an atom and the origin of sx spectral lines emission (e.g line no 6 arses from the ansition from level B to A. The fllowing spectral ins will also ‘occur inthe absorption spectrum, fh1.46 ® Le 2 (23.458© A fast moving electron enters a region containing ‘e-particles. Electron combines with an a-partile to form a helium ion (He"), emitting a single photon in this process. He" ion formed is in 4th excited state. A detector detects photons of energies; 3.4 eV, 3.84 eV, 7.56 eV, 48.36 eV, 40.80 eV, 1.2 eV, 51 eV, 52.2 eV, 11.4 eV, 2.64 eV and 10.2 eV in the light emitted from the enclosure of experiment. Kinetic energy of electron before entering the region ofacparticles must be (12eV — @B4ev— (at02v_— aa © (@) Thinking Process Released energy = energy of electron ference oftie'* andHe™ ind energy values ofall energy levels of helium ion Sto 1 From Helium atom, B, --13625 220 =a4ev; By = ~604ev; LiaseV and By = o44eV ‘Step 11 List ou al possible transitions 2eV5 —> 1.0eV; 3— 2= Ky E, =7.560V 48:360V;2—» 1= Ey — E, = 40800V. © RAINsow Step TIT Conclude from above results, ‘As, 34 eV photon is not emitted in all of above transitions So, it must be from following process {He +2,e—5 {He + ht Helium ion in n = S2state given 3.4 eV “Hence, energy of electron + energy difference of He" * and Hie” snergy of emitted photon. > B+22=34 = E (Blectron’s energy) = 34 ~ 22=120V TRY THESE 1. Two Hatoms inthe ground state collides inelastically and are tacit to reach fist excite stat, the maximum amount by which their combined KE is reduced is fa) 10200¥ 1360¥ (bi2040ev (ai2n200v 2. A proton and an electron initially at rest, combined to form a hydrogen atom in ground state, A single photon is emitted inthis process, The wavelength ofthe emitted photons ak war 1 1 wt ay O10) 20 OF ENGINEERING ENTRANCES PHYSICS Engineering Entrances 2018-2005 BO96 7650 Master Collection of 10 YEARS' QUESTIONS CHAPTERWISE TOPICWISE SOLVED PAPERS Engineering Entrances 2015-2005 B098 7650 arihant Entrances 2015-2008 PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 « 47CONCEPT MAP ReVISION Tool WAVE OPTICS © WAVEFRONT + Light travels inform of wavefronts + Awavelfont ie a surface formed by parties hich are osiating in ame phase. + Light travel in a diection perpendicular to wavefont so, 2 light ray. is always perpendicala toa wavelzot «Every pointona wave fron ace a asource of secondary disturbance that tavele in all tdzection® with speed of light in medi, Envelope to these secondary wavelets given position of new wavetont. This is Huygen’s principle + Shape ofa wavefront depends onthe position and shape of source + A.source at gives planar waveont, Paral > light beam + Aline nse gies iii warns “=e (00g A spherical waveliont i generated from a esi © SUPERPOSITION OF WAVES + Whentwo rates arepresentinsameregionof spe, hey superimpose over each ber J ire + Resultant displacement of parties where 2-waves overlaps isthe sum of displacements produced bycachof wave y= y, +) + After superposition, both waves passes without change in ther any of characteris (speed, displacement et) + Resultant amplitude produced due to overlapping depends on the phase diference between the waves © RELATION OF PHASE, PATH AND ‘TIME DIFFERENCE, + Phaseis the argument (angle) of in or cosine erm in he displacement equation of wares fy, =Asin ot andy, = Asie + @)are the displacement produced by two waves the, phase difference between wavesis AG=(0x = §)= cr =9 + Path difference i the dilerence in length of travelled by waves ie AL =((./28) XA + Time difference isthe diference in tme in which both waves aches overlapping points Mt =(T/2 @ INTENSITY AND AMPLITUDE OF POINT OF OVERLAPPING SUPERPOSITION OF TWO WAVES + Ibso aves y, =A) sin wt andy, =Aysin(@r + 4) Then, they overlaps at some common point Pto produce net displacement Yate sin (oi +0) A=resultant amplitude Bad, coe + intensities of individual waves ae J, Asin ot + A,sinla +6) and , then, resulaninensiy!=1,+1,+ ff sours ae identi then Areslantampltude=246os(912) Age were, = source intensity @ INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT + When two light waves superimpore over each othe, hen due to the superposition, Light energy is on-uniformlydisteibued. Ava esl, at some pots intensity is maximum and at some points intensity is ‘minimum, The procrsie called interference. + Tnterference is constzuctive when overlapping waves sein phase with each other, + Two waves when overlaps in phase produces constructive interference, + Tnlererenceie dstructive when overlapping waves are ‘out of phase with cach aber. + Two out of phase waves produces diuctive interference + Condition for constructive interference, ‘Ad = phase difference between overlapping waves = do (=0,1,2,.) path dillerence between overlapping waves =u, (2 =avlengt,=0, 1,2...) + Resultant amplitude and intensity incase oftwo waves causing constructive interference ‘YOUNG'S DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT (xpse) In YDSE, two coherent source (S, and 5,) are made ‘using single sources. Duet ifeenciapuheagis (Pend) aphase irene betwen ares echig comma? cars tndas en kor eight cate PATHLDIFFERENCE Pahiferene Seon iteng ares Bedigeinas 444 moe | ey een AL=S,P-5,P=dein® Formaxima, AL=nh, A mm, thee | sf 4 gin Path ference id cos isis are hoon FRINGES +A dank ingei btained for all points, Where SP-SP = Al=diin0=(214)= [A bright finge i obtained forall points where AL=S,P~5,P= dein On, An(Ay+ Apdor2dyt=(fF, + YR oly + Resultant ampliude and intensity in cae of Gistucveinterirence nd, Ard Wii -y © CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINED INTERFERENCE (i) Both Light sources must be coherent This is possible only when both are derived fom singlee + Atcenieof screen there is bright tinge + Adv and ght ne ae ful wi of SHIFTING OF FRINGE PATTERN IN YDSE. + fa unspent mediom sheet (of RIn) is put in ‘path of light from one of Sit Ten, ge pattern iid pnd is pat in ont of upper si and i is shied rea infont flower sit + Additional path difference occurs due to sheet =(n—1)t + Binge shill= D/d(n—1)1= BIA (n=1)1 1 Aftiftis equals ox ings then, atte a Bs (x=) + Shifts independent of waelength fight (i) Froquency of both sources must be equal xherwie phase diference doesnot remns constant wth ime snd coherence lost. Gi) Amplitude ofight ware rom each source must tbe same only then dack fringe can be istinguished oma right ge @ DIFFRACTION + Light preads ou fom narrow sts and bales and fu seems to turnaround comets and enter into region of daknes. This lets led ditaction flight. + Istminea ‘seated sianglo ont Sena 4 Irccere veont + an aiteronee poston ota ‘ate linge seen + Tn diaction through a singe slit a datk fringe shore (and below) the central axis is located where, asin =m, m=1. 2,3. od con «temas, 22 whceD=dsune itn erate scape Loar ann -12 terest shape of circular appertare © RESOLVABILITY AND RESOLVING POWER OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS: + If difizacton pater of images of two nearby abjets are formed such that their central rmaximas overlaps, then we are notable to sce abject distinctively. difraction patterns are formed such that thet centre maximas are not ovelappng hen images se resolved eas « mg on A + Te bjt aja ing fleas and =wavdength of ight Resolving power ofan optical instrument isthe reciprocal of limit of esoluson, Resolving power= d/1222 d= diameter of objective lene © POLARISATION OF LIGHT + In unpolrse ight, orientation of electri vector is in all possble dictions in a. plane perpendicular cirecton ofpropagation flight. + When light is pased through a substance called polasiser, its electric vector oscilations are ‘confined ony to a single plane. This process is called polarisation and Light is ced polarised Tigh + When « polarised beam again passes through a polaroid, whose angle of plane of transmission with plane of polarisation of light is @ then, intensity of light beam seceived after the Und polaroid (analyer i proporionalto cos*@, This isMaluslaw nga wots eran ners ttn. rey gee a avs Bone A. polased ight beam can be bined by ‘eons ody Fcc + a ight beam is incident over a teaspateat ‘medium incertace such that patt of gh is redeced and part of ght is telacted thea, if tefleted partis perpendicular to refaced part the, elected beam i plaise. +E angle of rection (r) + Ange of rfacton Then, RT of medium 2w.4. medium ry =taniy where = angle of incidence in ‘medium 1 Thisis Brewers law. © DOPPLER EFFECT IN LIGHT + Flight source moves towards the observer and ‘thei ete velocity of appeonchis Then, apparent quency = ‘nis apprent wavelength Shiftin Gequency= f(v/e) shitin wavelength =— (v1) ‘As wavelength observed is ese than actual ‘wavelength o his siti called be sit light source and observer moves aay rom exch cobberwithaveldiyy ‘Then, iapprent equene and is apparent wavelength =: ‘Shiftin fequency =~ (2) Shit in wavelength ‘As wardength observed is more than orignal "alucofwavelengths, ish cledsed shit at@ CLASS XII SYLLABUS Rapid CONCEPT REVISION (IBY ELECTRIC CHARGES AND ELECTRIC FIELD ELECTRIC FIELD A. Origin of Electric Charge Charged particles can be created by disturbing neutrality of an atom, Loss of electrons ives positive charge (as then rn, >n,) and gain of electrons gives negative charge (as then n, >n,) to a particle. When an object is negatively charged it gains electrons and therefore, its mass increases negligibly. Similarly, on charging a body with positive clectricity its mass decreases. Change in mass of abject is equal to nxm,. Where, n is the number of electrons transferred and m, isthe mass of electron is 91 x 10 kg. Properties of Charge (i) Charge is transferable (ii) Charge is always associated with mass Gi) Charge is conserved Gv) Charge is invarient (©) Charge produces electric field and magnetic field (vi) Charge resides on the surface of conductor (vii) Charge leaks from sharp points (viii) Charge is quantised @ = + ne A body can be charged by following methods 1. By friction 2. By electrostatic induction + Inducting body neither gains nor loses charge. + Induced charge can be lesser or equal to inducing charge (but never greater) and its maximum value is 1 given by @--ah “zi where, @ is the inducing 50 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM charge and K is the dielectric constant of the material of the uncharged body. 3. By conduetion ‘Charging by conduction B. Coulomb's Law Tftwo stationary and point charges Q, and Q, are kept at a distance , then itis found that force of attraction a a Queen 2G jg, 7 =A Charging by induction or repulsion between them is F = (k-=proportionality constant) Constant depends upon system of units and medium between the two charges. In SI unit for air k= < 9x10" “ane, mo, F 21 newton, "air dney+ €9 = Absolute permittivity of air or free space Cc ( farad Nem? Cm IML*r‘a2] * eq relates with absolute magnetic permeability (19) and velocity of ligt (©) according to the following = 885 x10" ts dimension is relation, Yoote + When a dielectric medium is completely filled in between charges rearrangement of the charges inside the dielectric medium takes place and the force between the same two charges decreases by a factor of K known as dielectric constant. g, 1 QQ Fy Khe Kk + Vector form of Coulomb's law is Fy =K. if nig = K-B% fy, where ig is the unit veetor from first charge to second charge along the line joining the two charges, C. Electric Field Space around a charge in which another charged particle experiences a foree is known as electric field ‘The electric field intensity at any point is defined as the force experienced by a unit positive charge placed at that point. E- = % where, 9, 0 so, that presence of this charge may not affect the source charge @ and its electric field is not changed, therefore expression for electric field intensity can be better written as E= lim = rn newton volt _ coulomb ~ metre + Dimension [Z]=|MLT~A~ | + The resultant electric field at any point is equal to the vector sum of electric fields at that point due to various charges. E-E,+E,+E,+ + The magnitude of the resultant of two electric fields is given by joule + Ws Sl unit is —_ioule_ ‘coulomb x metre + B= {BP EF+2E,E, cos0 and the direction is E,sing ven by tan a = 228i given by i, + Ecos 6 © RAPID CONCEPT REVISION + Blectre field due to continuous distribution of charge is the summation of fields of all the elements. Le. E-[dE Electric field at point distant r due to a point charge Q Kd aye yan clemental part eA Bleetrie field dH = of a ring of charge directed as shown. It's component along the axis is dB cos ® and perpendicular to the axis is dB sin, By symmetry { dE sin ®=0, hence field ‘due to complete ring is B = [ dE cos 0 -j ie x Ra Re Qs ea directed away from the centre if@ is positive. D. Electric Lines of Force ‘The electric field in a region is represented by electric ficld lines (also called lines of force). Field line is an imaginary line along tangent of which a positive test charge will move ifleft free. + Bleetrie field lines come out of positive charge and go into the negative charge. + Tangent to the ficld line at any point gives the direction ofthe forceon positive charge at that point. + Field lines never eross each other. + Fiald lines are always normal to conducting surface. + Fiald lines do not exist inside a conductor. + The electrie field lines never form closed loops. + The number of lines originating or terminating on a charge is proportional to the magnitude of charge. + Number of lines of force per unit area normal to the ‘area at a point represents magnitude of intensity. + If the electric lines of forces are equidistant and parallel straight lines the field is uniform. + Net field on axis of ring is E = it is PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 51© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION E. Electrostatic Equilibrium + Achargeis said to be in equilibrium, ifnet force acting on it is zero. A system of charges is said to be in equilibrium if each charge is separately in equilibrium, + Electrostatic equilibrium can be divided in following type @ After displacing a charged particle from it's ‘equilibrium position, if t returns back then itis said tobe instable equilibrium. IfU isthe potential energy au then in ease of stable equilibrium “is positive ie. q Ese Vis minimum. ii) After displacing a charged particle from it’s ‘equilibrium position, ifit never returns back then it is said to be in unstable equilibrium and in unstable au equilibrium © is negative i.e. U is maximum, Git) After displacing a charged particle from it’s ‘equilibrium position if it neither comes back, nor moves away but remains in the position in which it ‘was kept it is said to be in neutral equilibrium and in neutral equilibrium 2 is zero ie. U is constant, + Electrostatic equilibrium is always unstable, F. Equilibrium of Suspended Charge in an Electric Field Freely Suspended Charged Particle ‘To suspended a charged particle freely in air under the influence of electrie field it’s downward weight should be balanced by upward electric force. FA So, T = (QE) + (mg? And, tano= 22 me Equilibrium of Suspended Point Charge System Suppose two small balls having charge +@ on each are suspended by two strings of equal length 1. Then for equilibrium position as shown in figure. Tsino=F, @ T cos8 = mg ai) 7? =(R)? + (mg)? and tan 0 =<; here F, = 1 © and = =isino mg dre, x7 2 Equilibrium of Suspended Point Charge System ina Liquid + Ifpoint charge system is taken into a liquid of density such that 0 remain same then, In equilibrium Fe’ = 7" sin @and (mg - Vpg) =" cos 8 tano-—_Fe__ @ ng E In equilibrium QE = mg > E Charged Particle Suspended by a Massless Insulated String (ike simple pendulum) Consider a charged particle like bob) of mass m, having charge @ is suspended in an electric field as shown under the influence of electric field, It turned through an angle (say) and comes in equilibrium. So, in the position of equilibrium (O' position) Tsin@-QE T cos 0 = mg 52 > DECEMBER 2016 “(mg = Ves) ne Kime ~ Voa) When this system was in air tan @ = 2. -__@"_ mg Anema 14 So, equating these two gives us = mating ® ‘kim —Vp)G. Motion of a Charged Particle in Region ofa U! Consider a charged particle initially at rest is placed in the uniform field Force and Acceleration ‘The force experienced by the charged particle is F =QE. Positive charge experiences foree in the direction of electrie ficld while negative charge experiences force in the direction, opposite to the field. Acceleration produced by this force is a == ‘Since, the field E in constant the acceleration is constant, thus motion of the particle is uniformly accelerated Velocity ‘Suppose at point A particle is at rest and in time t, it reaches A 5 the point B. = V = Potential difference between A and B; = Separation between A and B (@) By using v=u+at,v=0+Q 24, y= 2 0 By wsingy? tan 8) on general point E,, A tet dpe V = LB PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 53© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION + Ifa dipole is placed in an uniform field such that dipole makes an angle 6 with direction of field then two equal and opposite force acting on dipole constitute a couple whose tendency is to rotate the dipole hence a torque is developed in it and dipole tries to align itself in the direction of field. + An electric dipole is placed in an uniform electric field such that dipole (ic. p) makes an angle 0 with the direction of electrie field as shown in figure, Sap Fae 6 Re fq (i) Net force on electric dipole Fyqy = 0 ii) Produced torque t = pE sin 0 (t= px E) + Tochange angular position ofa dipole in afield, some work has to be done, W = pE(cos 6, ~cos@,) If 0, = 0° and 0, =0, ie. initially dipole is kept along the field then it turn through @ so, work done W = pE (1 — cos 8) incase of a dipole (in a uniform field), potential energy of dipole is defined as work done in rotating a dipole from a direction perpendicular to the field to the given direction i., if, = 90° and 0, =0 then E ap — @ W =U = piicos 90° ~ cos 8) = U=-pE cos Equilibrium of Dipole + We know that, for any equilibrium net torque and net foree on a particle (or aystem) should be zero + Wo already discussed when a dipole is placed in an uniform electrie'magnetie field net foree on dipole is always zero. But net torque will be zero only when 8 = 0° or 180°, 54 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS St 1 2. Consider a system of three charges 2, © and BS 3 » + When, 6 = 0° ie. dipole is placed along the electric field it is said to be in stable equilibrium, because after turning it through a small angle, dipole tries to align itself again in the direction of electric field. When, 0 = 180° i.e. dipole is placed opposite to electric field, it is said to be in unstable equilibrium, Ina uniform electric/magnetic field (intensity H / B) ifa dipole (electric/magnetic) is slightly displaced from it’s stable equilibrium position it executes angular SHM having period of oscillation 7’ given by [ T=2n)|. ‘Vel Where, J = moment of inertia of dipole about axis of oscillation. Best Practice ‘SHOTS, ABC is an equilateral triangle. Charge +q is placed at ‘each corner. The electric field intensity at point O will be <3 RA sag ya 8 2 1_3q £ mist Pe @ Try Or (wr (a x24 3 placed at points A,B and C respectively, as shown in the figure, Take O to be the centre of the circle of radius R and angle CAB = 60°, LI «int 4 (@) The electric field at point O is directed along the ie? negative x-axis. (6) The potential energy of the system is zero. (ec) The magnitude ofthe foree between the charges at Cand B iso Bare gk (d) The potential at point O is —@ pet ” nek In Millikan’s oil drop experiment, an oil drop carrying a charge q is held stationary by a potential difference of 2400 V between the plates. To keep a drop of half the radius stationary the potential difference had to be made 600 V. What is the charge on the second drop? ws a 34 2 2 ws ia) © 2 a4, Equal charges q are placed at a distance of 2a and a third charge - 2g is placed at the mid-point. The potential energy of the system is 6g Saeea ws ort s Brea @— o nea 5, Equal charges q are placed at the vertices A and B of ‘an equilateral triangle ABC of side a. The magnitude of the electric field at the point C is ae ae wo, Trew 6. Two point charges 100 uC and 5 HC are placed at points A and B respectively with AB~ 40 cm. The ‘work done by external foree in displacing the charge SHC from B 10C, where BC = 30cm, angle ABC == and = 9x 10°Nm'C“* Trey a 8 os 08s @hs a a) 0). D O35 I> 7. The given figure shows some ofthe electrie field lines corresponding to an electric eld. The figure suggests © RAPID CONCEPT REVISION (a) E,> By> Be OE, (By = 8. Four charges are placed at corners of a square as shown in figure having side of 5 em. Ifq is 1uC, then electric field intensity at centre will be 4 24 4 ea ()1.02 10" NC“! upwards (0) 204 107 NC“ downwards (€)204 x 10? NO“ upwards (d) 1.02% 107 NC“ downwards 9. The ratio of momentum of an electron and an ceparticle which are accelerated from rest by a potential difference of 100 V is wor 6 = © =z 10. Three identical point charges as shown are placed at the vertices of an isosceles right-angled triangle Which of the numbered vectors coincides in direction with the electric field at the mid-point M of the hypotenuse? am, a a @. we ws wa ELECTRIC FLUX AND GAUSS'S LAW A. Electric Flux Blectrie flux is the total number of field lines passing perpendicularly to an area, Let the electric field B makes an angle 6 with the positive normal to the surface AS, ‘Then, the quantity Ad = EAS cos 6 as Positive normal AS is ‘ourward, Negative normal AS is inward. / As’ CO XK is called the flux of the electric field through the chosen surface. If we draw a vector of magnitude AS along the positive normal, itis called the area vector, AS. Then, Ag=E-AS, flux is a scalar quantity. B. Gauss’s Law Gause’s law states that the total flux of E linked with a closed surface is (1 3) ete sa oo charges enclosed by the cloved surface, @ = { E-a8 =a PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 55© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION C. Application of Gauss’s Law Using Gause’s law we ean derive several important results in electrostatic situations. Among them are + An excess charge on a conductor is located entirely on the outer surface ofthe conductor. + The external electric field near the surface of charged conductor is perpendicular to the surface and hhas magnitude E = © (conducting surface) + Within the conductor, E =0 + The cleetre field at any point due to an infinite line of charge with uniform linear charge density A is perpendicular tothe line of charge and has magnitude pe Baegr line of charge) where r is the perpendicular distance from the line of charge to the point. + The electric field due to an infinite noneondueting sheet with uniform surface charge density « is perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and has magnitude = = (sheet of char 3 sheet ee) + The electric field outside a spherical shell of charge wrth radius Hand total charge i directed vadlly nd han magnicade = 4 opera shell forr > ero ris the distance from the contre ofthe shell o the point at which Eis meamured. (The tharge brheves, for external points abifit were al located at the centre ofthe sphere) The el inside a aniform sphorical all ofchange a exactly tre EO apherical shell, for r DECEMBER 2016 Best Practice SHOTS. 11. Ahollow cylinder has a charge 8 q.coulomb within it. If@ is the {c) electrie flux in units of volt-metre associated with the curved surface B, the flux linked with the plane surface A in units of volt-metre will be 1(a a (2-9 wt vaf2-4] sf we @t- 8 £6 12.A square surface of sides ‘Lmotresis in the plane of the paper. A_ uniform electrie field E (volt m™), also in the plane of the paper is limited only to the lower half of the square surface, (see figure). The electric flux in ST units associated with the surface is (@) toro (EL (OBL? 12s) @EL 12 13.'The inward and outward electric flux for a closed surface in units of N O~ are respectively 8 x 10" and 410°, then total charge inside the surface is (where, ey is permittivity constant.) (4x0 @)-4x10°C Axi (@)- 4x10" 9 14, Two infinite plane parallel sheets separated by a distance d have equal and opposite uniform charge densities 6. Electric field at a point between the sheet (a) 20r0 Bore, (6125 (@) Depends upon the location of the point 15.A large plane charge sheet having surface charge density ¢ = 20x10"* Cnr lies in the x-y plane. The flux of the electric field through a circular area of radius 1 em lying completely in the region where x, y and 2 are all positive and with normal making an angle of 60° with the z-axis is (@)154Nm’ C~ @)185Nm? C7! (¢) 175Nm? C~ 165) 16.'The figure shown is a distribution of charges. The flux of electric field due to these charges through the ( surface S is @s es wt (d) rer017. The adjoining figure shows aspherical 2+ tussian surface and a charge (Coq, distribution. When calculating. the | } flux of electric field through the fussian surface, the electric ila will Bedue to (a)+ quale + aands rq qand—a + ganda 18. Electric charge is uniformly distributed along a long Straight wire of radius 1mm. The charge per cm Tength ofthe wire is q coulomb, Another eylindrical surface of dius 60 emt and length 1 m symmetrically tneloses the wire as chown in the figure, The total cloctre lux passing through theylindrieal aurfaeis 1004 we) w 19.4, 44,45 and q, are point charges located at points as shown in the figure and S is a spherical gaussian surface of radius R. Which of the following is true according to the Gauss’ law? © RAPID CONCEPT REVISION () 4,08 + By + By) dA (0) §,0B, + By + By) da ~ Ge a) (4,0 + By 4 By) da = 4 e* te + (@) None ofthe above 20. An infinitely long thin. straight wire has uniform linear charge density of Cm”. Then, the magnitude of the electric intensity at @ point 18 em away is (Given, €. = 88 x 10" C'Nm~) (0) 0.33 10" NC~ (@) 8x10" NO“ (610.68 x10" NC (4) 200 Van Answers 10 20 30 4 60 70 8@ 2 1@ 2@ BO 1 160) 17. @) 18.) 18, MASTER STROKES 1. Charges @,2@ and 4Q are uniformly distributed in three dielectrie solid spheres 1, 2 and 3 of radii R / 2, R and 2R respectivelyas shown in figure. If magnitudes of the electric fields at point P at a distance R from the centre of spheres 1, 2 and 3 are £,, Ey and E; respectively, then yer Advanced 2014) 0 @E,>By> By ()E,> By > By )8> B> By (@) By> By> B, 2. ‘Two charges, each equal to q, are kept at x=—a and =a0on the X-axis. a particle of mass m and charge 40 ~ 4s placed at the origin. If charge qo is given a small displacement y (y < DECEMBER 2016 Let H, (7),H, (7) and Ey(r) be the respective electric fields at a distance r from a point charge Q, an infinitely long wire with constant linear charge density 2, and an infinite plane with uniform surface charge density 6. If By (r) =By(rq) =Ey(r) at a given distance ry, then UJEE Advanced 2018) (@Q=40 nr r= ae (6) By (ry B= BE yr, (@) By 712 = ABAD An infinitely long solid cylinder of radius R has a uniform volume charge density p. It has a spherical cavity of radius R/2 with its centre on the axis of the cylinder, as shown in the figure. The magnitude of the electric field at the point P, which is at a distance 2R from the axis of the cylinder, is given by the SPR ‘The value of K is 2: expression ae we ws ws ‘oy Where Ey is a constant. The flux through the shown area (as shown, in the figure) due to this field is oa | waa (@)2E~* OE Rat Eg cq Eat @ (. A disc of radius t having a uniformly distributed charge 6C is placed in the xy-plane with its centre at ea 0 0} ‘Arod of length a, carrying a uniformly distributed charge 8C is placed on the Xaxis from a 5a x=£ to x=. Two point charges ~70 and 3C are Gio x 2 point charges ~7C and 3C this cubical surface is we Be 8. A small metallie sphere of radius 0.1 em and chargeq is kept at one comer ofa cube of side 1 cm such that centre of sphere coincides with vertex of cube. Total flux passing through that face of cube which does not touches the sphere is, at wie arn Ge, 1a 1’ qe @ta RE ae 9. A solid conducting sphere having a charge Q is surrounded by an uncharged concentric conducting hollow spherical shell. Let the potential difference between the surface of the solid sphere and that of the outer surface of the hollow shell be V. If the shell is now given a change of -3@, the new potential differonce between the same two surfaces is wy wav ow ww 10.A spherical metal shell A of radius Ry and a solid metal sphere B of radius Ry( % Fp (Ege «pppoe 11. Along cylindrical shell carries positive surface charge +6 in the upper half and negative surface charge - 6 in the lower half. The electric field lines around the cylinder will look like figure given in (figures are schematic and not drawn to seale) [2014 JEE Main)12, Three positive charges of equal value q aro placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. The resulting lines of force should be sketched as in 13. A fow electric field lines fora system of two charges Q, and @, fixed at two different points on the X-axis are shown in the figure. There lines suggest that EE 2010), fa) 1Q|> 1@al () 1Q1<1@al (©) atafinitedistance to thelef of @, the electric fields zero (@) stan infinite distance to the right of @, the electric field 14. Two non-conducting spheres of radii R, and Ry are carrying uniform volume charge densities +p and -p, respectively, are placed such that they partially overlap, as shown in the figure. At all points in the overlapping region of DEE Advanced 2014] (a) the electrostatic field is zero (6) the electrostatic potential is constant. (c) the electrostatic field is constant in magnitude {d) the electrostatic field has opposite direction © RAPID CONCEPT REVISION 15. A positive point charge q is fixed at origin. A dipole with a dipole moment p is placed along the X-axis far away from the origin with p pointing along positive X-axis. Find the kinetic energy of the dipole when it, reaches at a distance d from the origin and the force experienced by the charge q at this moment. (@—P1_,_Pa Frey Tr el oy —Pt_,_ a Ted ek Pt, Pa Greg Ie eg 16.'Three concentric metallic spherical shells of radii R,2R and SR are given charges @;,Q, and Q,, respectively . It is found that the surface charge densities on the outer surfaces of the shells are equal. ‘Then, the ratio of the charges given to the shells, Q:Qs: Qs, is EE 2010) (a)i:2:3 13:5 14:9 @i:8i8 17. Three particles, each of mass 1g and carrying a charge 4g, are suspended from a common point by insulated massless strings, each 100 cm long. If the particles are in equilibrium and are located at the corners of an equilateral triangle of side length 3 em, calculate the charge g on each particle. (Take g = 10 ms) (2.18% 10% 417 x10*C (a7 x10°C @) 215 x10 18. A pendulum bob of mass 80 mg and carrying a charge of 2x40~C is at rest ina horizontal uniform electric field of 20,000 Vm". Find the tension in the thread of the pendulum and the angle it makes with the vertical, (Take g = 9.8 ms) (a) 879% 10-4 N, 27° () 469 10 N 14° (0) 548% 104 N, 29° (@) 119 x 10 N, 24° 19.A rigid insulated wire frame in the form of a right, angled triangle ABC, is set in a vertical plane as shown in figure. Two beads of equal masses m each and carrying charges g, andq, are connected by acord oflength/and can slide without friction on the wires. Considering the case when the beads are stationary. The anglecis, fa)30° (45° wer (a) 90" PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 « 59©) RAPID CONCEPT REVISION 20. solid sphere of radius R has a charge @ distributed in its volume with a charge density p = hr", where k and a are constants and r is the distance from its contre. Ifthe electric field at r=“ is # times that at r=R, find the value of @ (2 ws ws ws 21.An electron of mass m,, initially at rest, moves through a certain distance in a uniform electrie field in time f,.A proton of mass m,, also, initially at rest, takes time f, to move through an equal distance in this uniform electric field. Noglecting the effect of gravity , the ratio ¢, 4 is nearly equal to ft iim, im (im, imp" (a 1886 22. charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining ‘wo equal charges@. The system of the three charges will be in equilibrium ifqis equal to a)-@ -& +8 @& w% «+8 UE 2010), +8 @+s 23. Two equal negative charges —q are fixed at points (0,2) and (0,a) on ¥-axis. A positive charge Q is released from rest at the point (2a, 0) on the X-axis. ‘The charge Q will (a) Execute simple harmonic motion about the origin (6) Move to the origin and remain at rest {6) Move to infinity (a) Bxecute oscillatory but not simple harmonic motion, 24. Two small balls having equal positive charges Q (coulomb) on each are suspended by two insulating strings of equal length L (metre) from a look fixed toa stand. The whole setup is taken in a satellite into space where, there is no gravity (state of weightlessness), Find the angle between the strings, @) 6) 60° (90° (aio 25. Acubical region of sidea has its centre at the origin. It encloses three fixed point charges, -q at (0, =a/ 40), 2g at (0,0,0) and-q at (0,~ a/ 4,0). Choose the correct option(s). EE 2012), (@) The not electric fux crossing the plane x = + a/2 is ‘more than the net electric flux erossing the plane xana/2 (6) Thenet electric Mux crossing the plane y= + a/2is more than the net electric ux crossing the plane y =~ a / 2 60 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM (@) The not electric ux erossing the entire region is 4. (@) The net electric Mux crossing the plane z = + a/2 is equal to the net clectric flux crossing the plane rev ale Answers 1. ©) 2 fa) 3. @) 4 5. (a) 6. (co) 7. a) 8 i) 9 fa) 10, (c) 11. 12. (o) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (0) 17, @) 18, (a) 19. (c} 20, (a) 21. (©) 22. (9) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (0) WB JEE ENGINEERING ENTRANCE EXAM 2017 SOLVED PAPERS (2016-2006) ns WB JEE tel tsa fey ENTRANCE EXAM SOLVED PAPERS 075 |%415(> ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL A. Electric Potential at a Point + Electric potential a a point ina electric field is defined as the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge, from infinity to that point slong any arbitrary path (Gnfinity is point of zero potential). Electric potential isa scalar quantity, itis denoted by V; V =~. a Joule Goulomb =(MIT“A") + Electric potential at point P due to a point charge @ is var + SLunit: ‘ot and Dimension of [V + Electric potential of a system of point charges is 6 +05 Van My 4 Rey p Bp EW, In general v- 5 #& + The potential due to a continuous charge distribution is the sum of potentials of all the infinitesimal charge elements in which the distribution may be divided ice. v=fav=j 22 eye In an electric field potential difference between two points A and Bis defined as equal to the amount of work done (by external agent) in moving a unit positive charge from pent to point B ie. Vp - ; in general W =@Q- AV @ where, AV = Potential difference through which charge Q moves, If charge on a conducting sphere of radius R is Q as shown in figure, then electric field and potential in different situation are 19 a \ Ata point outside the sphere at a distance r from the centre potential is =L.@_ art ot Gey Teor =Reo,v,-1 & 9k At surface, P= R 80, ¥, = P= + Inside the conducting charge sphere electrie field is zero and potential remains constant everywhere and equals to the potential at the surface. E-rgteph Ver graph + Charge given to a non-conducting spheres spreads uniformly throughout it's volume, Outside the sphere at P 8 = @iy, pk Ges 7 Ber byusing p=z2 At surface Inside the sphere at a distance r from the centre 1 @IaR?—r?} _p(ar? Vaurtace > Va 0 Sie At centre, Verse ie, Vewntee + For a uniformly charged semicircular ring PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 61© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION B. Zero Potential + Ifboth charges are like, then resultant potential is not zero at any finite point because potentials due to like charges will have same sign and ean therefore, never add up to zero. Such a point can be therefore, obtained only at infinity. + If the charges are unequal and unlike, then all such points where resultant potential is zero lies on a closed curve, but we are interested only in those points where potential is zero along the line joining the two charges. + Two such points exist, one lies inside and one lies outside the charges on the line joining the charges. Both the above points lie nearer the smaller charge, as potential created by the charge larger in magnitude will become equal to the potential created by smaller charge at the desired point at larger distance from it. For internal point For external point 2 (vis assumed that 1@ |= 1@b- C. Equipotential Surfaces + Ifevery point of a surface is at same potential, then it is said to be an equipotential surface. + For a given charge distribution, locus of all points having same potential is called equipotential surface regarding equipotential surface following points should keep in mind. + The density of the equipotential lines gives an idea about the magnitude of electric field. Higher the density larger the field strength, ‘The direction of electric field is perpendicular to the equipotential surfaces or lines. + The equipotential surfaces produced by a point charge or a spherically charged distribution are a family of concentric spheres. (Untorm fold)“ Equppotertial Point charge Vie Vp>Va>Vy>V5 surface + For a uniform electric field, the equipotential surfaces are a family of plane perpendicular to the eleetrie field lines. + Equipotential surfaces can never cross each other. 62 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS St TRUM Pair of wo equal and opposite charges Equostental Pair of two equal and eimiarchargos D. Relation of Electric Potential and Electric Field + In an electric field rate of change of potential with distance is known as potential gradient. It is a vector quantity and its direction is opposite to that of electrie field. Potential gradient relates with electric field according to the following relation E-—7. This relation gives another unit of electric field is 2 or Vn“! metre + In the above relation negative sign indicates that in the direction ofeleetrie field potential decreases, + In space around a charge distribution we can also Sk wv write B=£,i+B,j+#,& where, 2, --%, ite B=Bi+E,j+B,k B--2 =- Manan, =-™. dy ee ae «ht ap fala 8-2, ptt difference between any two points in an electric field can be determined by knowing the boundary conditions dV = {"B-dr =~ ["E-dr cs’, + Potential diforence between point A and Bis Vp -Van= [1B de Since, displacement is in the direction of electric field, hence ® = 0° 3 80, Vg -Vy=-[{E-dr cose At 6 78 =~ ['B ar=-Ea a+ In general, we can say that in an uniform eleetrie field gE Sor |B [=a . Work Done in Moving a Charge + Ifa charge @ is displaced from one point to another point in electri field, then work done in this process is W =Qx AV where, AV is potential difference between the two position of charge @. (AV =E- Ar = EAr cos 8 where, 6 is the angle between direction of electric field and direction of motion of charge). + If charge is given a displacement x =(q4 + nj + rk) in an electric field E= (Ei +,) + Eyk). The work done is W = QUE) =QE yy + Ear, + Bsr) + As electric field is conservative, work done and hence potential differenco between two point is path independent and depends only on the position of points between which the charge is moved c=) F. Electrical Potential Energy + Work don in ringing the given charg om ini toa pom in tesla ptt snr cage etic os Dorgan tnt nergy per unit charge ie. = = > sy perunit charge ie. V == + Work done in bringing charge @, form infinity to point Bis W =@,Vj, where Vp is potential of point B due to chanteQ ie pol a, @, Wee t A 8 w-u,- 1 2a ey This is the potential energy of charge Q,, similarly potential energy of charge @, will be Uy = = Bae So, + Potential energy of @, = Potential energy of Qo = potential energy of system U = + In a system of n charges eleetrie potential energy is, ealeulated for each pair and then all energies so obtained are added — algebraically. ic. 1 RAPID CONCEPT REVISION y+ [@@ , @@ , distribution of charge. As dU =dQ.V = u=jvdq and cas of continuous + Electric potential energy for a system of three charges 1 [QQ _ 20s , 201 “ae lin oe tn | ine, While potential energy of any of the charge say Q; is 1 [QQ , Qa Free ia + An electron volt is defined as the energy acquired by a particle having quantum of charge 16 10°C when accelerated by 1 volt Le, 1eV=16x10- x4 6x10 J, + The electric potential energy of charged sphere is equal to ‘the work done in bringing the charges from infinity to assemble the sphere 3Q* 20ne + Electric potential energy of a uniformly charged thin spherical shell is ve Trek Potential of Various Systems 8. lectrcal No.|__ System potential, V= Graphs 1. | eoated charge a v 3 Ter \ 2. a v Bey 4, | Infinite sheet of charge PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 63© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION Electrical | System ey Graphs 5. | Charged (a) Inside 0< r= R, condueting 4 spherical shell Grek CP) tb) we r2R, ey 6, | Non-condueting solid sphere @outsieree, | | =, om Tn) solr] Best Practice ‘SHOTS, . Three charges @, + q and + q are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side / as shown in the figure. If the t net electrostatic energy of the system is zero, then @ is equal to ¢ we wre wwe @ 2010 A. small conducting sphere of radius r is lying concentrically inside a bigger hollow conducting sphere of radius R. The bigger and smaller spheres are charged with Q and q (@ >q) and are insulated from each other. The potential difference between the spheres will be wnt) on emt) tale 3. A hollow conducting sphere is placed in an electric field produced by a point charge placed at P as shown in figure. Let V,, Vp and Vo be the potentials at points A, Band C respectively. Then, (@Vo> Vo Vy >Ve ovieve OV, =Ve 4. An electron enters in high potential region V, from lower potential region V, then its velocity (a) wilincrease {2 wil change n direction but not in magnitude (@) nochange in direction of fild (4) no change in direction perpendicular to electric fla 64 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM 5. Four positive point charges of same magnitude (q) are placed at four corners of a rigid square frame as shown in figure ‘The plane of the frame is perpendicular to Z-axis, Ifa negative point charge is placed at a distance Z away from the given frame (Z <<), then (a) negative charge oscillates along the Z-axis (@) it moves away from the frame (©) it moves slowly towards the frame and stays in the plane ofthe frame (@ it passes through the frame only once 6. Identify the wrong statement. () The electrical potential energy of a system of two protons shall increase, ifthe separation between the feo is decreased (@) "The electrical potential energy of a proton-electron system will increase, ifthe separation betwreen the {seo is decreased () The electrical potential energy of a proton-electron system will increase, ifthe separation between the two is increased (d) Tho electrical potential energy of the system of two electeons shall increase, if the separation between the two is deereased 7. A spherical shell of radius 10 em is carrying a charge 4. If the electrical potential at distance 5 cm, 10 em and 15m from the centre of the spherical shell are V,, V; and V; respectively, then @V, =Vy> Vy WIV, > Ve> Vy OV =< Vy @V, <> <>], electric field, and the |ep E> € substance has finite dipole [<> <> <> moment. i) Non-polar dielectric LikeN,,0,, Benzene, Methane ete. are made of non-polar atoms or molecules. + In non-polar molecules, when no electric field is applied the centre of positive charge coincides with the centre of negative charge in the molecule, Each molecule has zero dipole moment in its normal state, + When electric field is applied, positive charge experiences a force in the direction of electric field and negative charge experiences a force in the direction opposite to the field ie, molecules becomes induced electric dipole, on SoDielectric Breakdown and Dielectric Strength + Ifa very high electric field is created in a dielectric, the outer electrons may get detached from their parent atoms. The dielectric then behaves like a conductor. This phenomenon is known as dielectric breakdown. + The maximum value of electric field (or potential gradient) that a dielectric material can tolerate without its electric breakdown is called its dielectrie strength. + STunit of dielectric strength of a material is but practical unit is *Y. E. Insertion of a Dielectric Slab in aCharged Capacitor + For an air filled charged parallel plate capacitor having variables are charge Q, surface charged {© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION Quantity BAY # Battery remains connected a Le Cocty = KC Charge Q’ = Q (Charge is Secon Potential rat (Since, battery maintains E the potenti difrena Intensity pee e E Energy vu vu K K F. Series and Parallel Combination of Capacitors 1 Series Co ymbination Charge on each c remains same and equals to the main charge supplied by the battery VaviIMrV, +0 Parallel Combination Potential difference across each capacitor remains same and equal to the applied potential difference acitor density, o=& and Capacitance, ¢ = £24 40-9 | HJ A TE aw J fk ET ro —_— v Potential difference across the plates, V=Ed Electric field between the plates, =2.8 Bole Lay _@_1 Energy stored, U =i. cv? =2 -lay = 2 3072? + Ifa dielectric slab is fills completely the gap between the plates, capacitance increases by K times ie. = cc + The effect of dielectric on other variables such as charge, Potential difference field and energy associated with a capacitor depends on the fact. that whether the charged capacitor is disconnected from the battery or battery is still connected. Equivalent capacitance wert In series combination potential difference and energy distribution in ratio of eapacit andu = 4. e +0; -0) & ce “2 fF lal ° Vy QQ GH% G++, 7 G +t In parallel combination charge and energy distributes in the ratio of the reverse | capacitance ie. @ « Cand « C. ance ie. Vet PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 67© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION Iftwo capacitors having capacitance C, and C, 4. If two capacitors having capacitances C, and C, are connected in series, then | reapectivey are GC, Matiplication | Connected in parallel "GaG~ Addin | then Cx, ~ G+ Cy vy -(—S_]: vana GG If m identical capacitors each having capacitances Care connected in series with supply voltage V, then equivalent | Cyq capacitance C,, = © f'n identical capacitors fare connected in parallel, Equivalent capacitance nC and charge on and each capacitor @ = 2. potential difference across each capacitor V’ =. G. Special Cases of Capacitors + Ifinstead of two plates, n uniform plates are placed at the same distance from each other and. connected suceessively, then capacitance of this arrangement, ie Conte d + Ifboth plates of parallel plate capacitor are connected by ‘a metallic wire, then C “ A ‘Metallic wire Sr + PSF 1 voverora + If two plates have diffrent charges, then a - =a)id =) aya y=) Tey + Ifadielectrie slab of dielectric constant K and thickness ¢ is placed between the two plates Then, (@) If the slab completely fills the space between the plates, then ¢= d, P aA _ Keg Car! (©) Wa conducting slab (K =) thickness, ie, ¢> dis placed between the plates, then co, cA Geta a-t + If the space between the plates is completely filled with conductor, then f= d and K == Then, C= ae =e d-d+d + Ifn different sheets of dielectric constants Ky, Ky)... Ky of thickness f,,f,,...,f, are placed between plates of parallel plate capacitor, then capacitance is arate + If a capacitor is filled with three 7 different diclectries as shown in figure |l|||| * | 42 such that capacitors with dielectric 4} mnsdium, Le A and K, are in paral ® | [*® and this combination is in series with "—z the c- diclectrie Keto medium K;, ie.2.1, kK, K+K) where, Kg is given by + Force on a dielectric medium, then when no voltage source is connected across plates, then capacitance, c OLE +(K- 1x] Thus, the slab experiences a force, # = sshich pulls the slab inside, @atK -1) Bek (L+(K-De + When two dielectric slabs, ie. K;, Ky ie. F fill the space between the two plates of == 88 A the capacitor as shown in figure, it behaves as a series combination oftwo [| / sub-capacitors. Then, capacitance of he the capacitor is given by AAR KS tog Ke K,-K)d "*K, + In n identical drops each of charge q, eapacity C and potential V are combined to form a big drop, then (charge on the big drop, q’= ng. (ii) capacity on the big drop, Cc =%nxe jotential of the big drop, V"= ni x V iv) potential energy of the big drop = n°! x energy of each drop. Best Practice ‘SHOTS. 11. parallel plate capacitor with air as = the dielectric has capacitance C. A slab of dielectric constant K and having the same thickness as the separation between the plates is introduced $0 as to fill one-fourth of the capacitor as shown in the figure. The new capacitance will be 1 RAPID CONCEPT REVISION 13. The combination of capacitors with C, =3uF, C= 4uF andC, - 2uF is charged by connecting ABto a battery, Consider the following statements, I. Bnergy stored in C,= Energy stored in C, + Energy stored in C, TL. Charge on C, = Charge on C, + Charge on Cy IIL, Potential drop across C, = Potential drop across C, = Potential drop across C, Which of the statement(s) is/are correct? aH f@1andll —()Monly—(e) Land (@ Only IIL 14. capacitor is charged by using a battery which is then disconnected. A dielectric slab is then slipped between the plates, which results in (a) reduction of charge on the plates and increase of potential difference across the plates @) increase in the potential difference across the plate, reduction in stored energy, but no change in the charge fon the plates| (©) decrease in the potential difference aeross the plate, roduetion in stored energy but no change in the chargeon, the plates (@) None of the above 15. Choose the incorrect statement from the following. When two identical capacitors are charged individually to different potentials and connected parallel to each other after disconnecting them from the source. (a) Net charge equals the sum of inital charges (@) The net energy stored in the two eapacitors isles than the sum ofthe intial individual energies (6) Thenet potential difference across them is different from the sum ofthe individual initial potential difference (@ The net potential difference across them equals the sum of the individual inital potential difference 16..A.10uF capacitor and a 20 uF capacitor are connected in series across a 200 V supply line. The charged oxsat wx sad capacitors are then disconmectd from the line and ¢ Ke reconnected with their positive plates together and ODT or negative plates together and no external voltage is, 12. Two capacitors C,=2yF and a & applied. What is the potential difference across each C,a6uFin series arecomneced thy capacitor? in parallel to a third capacitor 1 ey — My —eaoov (a) B00V Cy =4yF. This arrangement is ‘hen connected to a battery of emf=2V as shown in the figure. |__+ How much energy ie lost by theft battery in charging the capacitors? fa) 22x 10S (LL x 10-8 o(@)ars w(B)ares 17.A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates hhas a capacitance of 9 pF. The separation between its, plates is d. The space between the plates is now filled with two dielectrics. One of the dielectrics has dielectric constant K, = 3and thickness d/3while the other one has dielectric constant K, = Gand thickness 2d/. Capacitance of the capacitor is now (145 pF (W/405pF (0) 2025pF (d) LPF PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 69© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION 18. In the figure, capacitor is filled with dielectrics. The resultant capacitance is sr e| ti wp 2AL 1 aK 2eyA wALL 11] OO EE K\+Ky+Kl @)None of these 19.4.4 UF capacitor, a resistance of 2.5 M2 is in series with 12V battery. Find the time after which the potential difference across the capacitor is 3 times the potential difference across the resistor. {Given In (2) = 0.698) (1386s 0/6938 Ts Ids 20. The energy stored in the capacitor as shown in the figure (a) is 4.5x 10" J. Ifthe battery is replaced by another capacitor of 900 pF as shown in figure (b), then the total energy of system is 3] Esso 300 pF Tov | Fane (a) 42x 10-85 (0) 225% 10-85 (zero @9x10*5 Answers 16 Ct 6) 72) = 8) 1) ti) 12) 13.0) 18.) 16.(b) 17) 18.) 18,0) MASTER STROKES 1. Acharge@is uniformly distributed over along rod AB of length L as shown in the figure. The electric potential at the point O lying at distance L from the end Ais ° a a 2 @ y@ ane eek iach Teahind Geek xv Consider a thin spherical shell of radius R with its centre at the origin, carrying uniform positive surface charge density. The variation of the magnitude of the electric field] E(r) and the electric potential V(r) with the distance r from the eentre, is best represented by which graph? IE wo @ o lew we © @ B.A charge +q is fixed at each of the points = %) X= Bx, X= Bxy...-2 on the x-axis and a charge is fixed at each of the points = 2%, ¥= 4%, X= B%p...,0%. Here, x is @ positive constant. Take the electric potential at a point due to acharge@ at a distance r from it to beQ / 4regr. Then, the potential at the origin due to the above system of charges is gain tre, 4. Anon-conducting ring of radius 0.5 m carries a total charge of 1.11 x 10-"" C distributed non-uniformly on its circumference producing an electric fold everywhere in space. The value of the integral [f0° Bato being contre of the ring) in vot is (@)zer0 (infinite ” Siegen +2 wr 2 (d)20r05. A. uniform clectric field pointing in positive 10.A capacitor is charged using an | /. Inthe given circuit, charge, on x-direction exists in a region. Let Abe the origin, Bbe the point on thex-axis at x=+ lem andC be the point on the y-axis at y= + Lem. Then, the potentials at the points A, Band C satisfy @V, Vo OVa< Vo DVa>Ve ‘A parallel plate capacitor has a dielectric slab of dielectric constant 7}1"'"£;! K between ts plates that covers of the area of its plates, as shown in the figure. The total capacitance of the capacitor is C while that of the portion with dielectric in between is C,, When the capacitor is charged, the plate area covered by the dielectric gets charge @, and the rest of the area gets charge @,. The electric field in the dielectric is E, and that in the other portion is H,. Choose the correct option, ignoring edge effects. 1 @&.8 c awe z w 1 6 7 @ EG the 2uF capacitor changes as C is varied from KF to3uF.@, asa | © function of C is given properly by Gigures are drawn schematically and are not to scale) charge @ Q c uF a Tu SUF +80NCy T In the given circuit, a charge of + 80UC is given to the upper plate of the 4uF capacitor. Then in the steady state, the charge on the upper plate of the 3 uF capacitor 2 uF (a)+ 92uC (o)+ 484C AF toy @)+ 40uc (@= sone A parallel plate capacitor is made of two circular plates separated by a distance of 5 mm and with a dielectric of diclectrie constant 2.2 between them. ‘When the electrie field in the dielectric is $x 10 Vm, the charge density of the positive plate will be close to (8x 10" Cm* (0)3% 107! Cm (3x 10° Cm (d) 8x 10° Cay © RAPID CONCEPT REVISION external battery with a resistance x in series. If the resistanee is charged to 2x, the new graph will be, j@P wQ wR ws A 2uF capacitor is charged as shown in the figure. ‘The percentage of its stored energy dissipated after the switch S is turned to position 2 is, m1. (a) 0% (0)20% —(@) 75% 12.A parallel plate capacitor C with plates of unit are and separation d is filled with a liquid of dielectric constant K =2, The level of liquid is d/3 initially. Suppose the liquid level decreases at a constant speed x, the time constant as a function of (d) 80% time tis (a) Seo + 900 eR ” Sad+ Sut (oy Bek (15d - 900 eR @ Ba a Ba = Baur — 9 13. parallel combination of 0.1 mQ resistor and 10uF capacitor is connected across a 1.5 V source of negligible resistance. The time required for the capacitor to get charged upto 0.75 V is approximately ‘in second) (@) infinite (d)20r0 ()log.2 — (ology? 14.A parallel plate capacitor is filled with a dielectrie having a variable permittivity which depends on voltage of capacitor as; K =aV anda =2V~ Another capacitor of same dimensions and with air between plates is charged to 78 V. If both capacitors are now joined, then the common potential of spheres sv WIV BV @aTV 15.A parallel plate capacitor of area A, plate separation we_| ap d and capacitance C is K Ke filled with three different diclectrie materials having dielectric constants Ky, Ky and Ky as shown. If a single dielectric material is to be used to have the same capacitance C in this capacitor, then its dielectric constant K is given by A=hrea of plies] PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 « 71© RAPID CONCEPT REVISION Oi =a KE R+K, aK = Sika KK 16.For the circuit shown, which of the following statements is true? (With 8, closed, (©) With S, closed, Yy {) With S, and S, closed, V, = Va = 0 {d) With S, closed, V; = 80V, V» = 20V 17.A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is, ‘connected to a battery and is charged to a potential difference V. Another capacitor of capacitance 2C is similarly charged to a potential difference 2V. The charging battery is now disconnected and the capacitors are connected in parallel to each other in such a way that the positive terminal of one is, connected to the negative terminal of the other. The final energy of the configuration is Boyt 25 oys wicvt @®evt w w3 o% we (a) zer0 Seve 18. Aleak parallel plate capacitor is filled compete with a material having dielectric constant K =5 and electrical conductivity. 6 = 74x10" Q-'m™*. If the charge on the capacitor at instant f = 0 is q = 8.85uC, ‘then calculate the leakage current at the instant t=12s. (@)O198HA (6) 0.426KA (6) 1.208HA 19.A circuit is connected as shown in the figure with the switeh S open. When the switch is closed, the total amount of charge that flows fromY to X is (@)20r0 6) 54uc (IHC (a) 81 20.1n the circuit shown in figure, the battery is an ideal one, with emf V. The capacitor is initially uncharged. The switch S is closed at time ¢ = 0) Find the charge @ on the capacitor at time f. Xa Fas emeney (a) 1.5661 = euianey ancy Mier 2 21. Six point charges are kept at the vertices of a regular hexagon of side L and centre O as shown in the figure. 12 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM Given that K=2L.-L, which of the flowing Amey L’ statement is not correct? (@)'The electri field at 0 is 6K along OD (0) The potential at Os zero (6) The potential at all points on the line PR is same (The potential at al pints on the line ST is same 22. Two large vertical and parallel metal plates having a separation of 1 em are connected to a DC voltage source of potential difference X. A proton is released at rest midway between the two plates. It is found to move at 45°to the vertical just after. Then X'isnearly (a1 x10°°V (b)1 x10" V (e)1 x10" V 1 x10" V 23. At time ¢=0, a battery of 10 V is connected across points A and B in the given circuit. Ifthe eapacitors, have no charge initially, at what time (in second) does the voltage across them become 4V? ema. 2uF a 8 ema ou fs we (4 ws 24. Two square metal plates of side 1 m are kept 0.01 m apart like a parallel plate eapacitor in air in such @ ‘way that one of their edges is perpendicular to an oil surface in a tank filled with an insulating oil. The plates are connected to a battery of emf 500 V. The plates are then lowered vertically into the oil at a speed of 0.001 ms“. Caleulate the current drawn from the battery during the prose Dilectie constant of oil =11, €y = 885% 10" C?N“!m (@)253x10"" & (yaaa ni0"A (01528 x10"? A (@)314 x10" 25. Two capacitors of capacities C, and C, are charged to 120 V and 200 V respectively. It is found that on connecting them together, the potential on each of them can be made zero, Then, (a) 5G, = 8c, (36, = 5C, (@)9C, = 40, Answers 10 2) 5.00) 6.1) 7.0) Bi) 10.0) 1) 12) 13.) 18.) 16.10) 170) 18.) 198.) 21id) 22. e) 2B.) AL) 25.)iS) GOLDEN OLDIES DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION In this issue, we are compiling question from “Dual nature of matter and radiation” Questions from these topics appear repeatedly in every competitive exams Single Option Correct Type 1. A metal surface is illuminated by light of two different wavelengths 248 nm and 310 nm, ‘The maximum speeds of the photoelectrons corresponding to these wavelengths are u and u, respectively. Ifthe ratio :t = 2:1 and he = 1240 eV nm, the work function of the metal is nearly. LJEE Advanced 2014) (STV W)B2NV BBVA) 250 2. ‘The radiation corresponding to 3—> 2 transition of hydrogen atom falls on a metal surface to produce photoelectrons. These electrons are made to enter a ‘magnetic field of 3x 10~* T. If the radius of the largest circular path followed by these electrons is 10.0 mm, the work function of the metal is close to EE Main 2014] @18eV B11eV ORV 4) 160V 3. Photoelectric effect experiments are performed using three different metal plates p,q and r having work functions , = 20 eV, 0, = 25eV and 4, = 80 eV respectively. A light beam containing wavelength of 550 nm, 450 nm and 350 nm with. ‘equal intensities illuminates each of the plates. The correct I-V graph for the experiment is (JEE Main 2009] 1 ! ~p @ @ : v ' ‘ © - @ P 4 ¥ vy |. The figure shows the variation of photocurrent with anode potential for a photosensitive surface for three different radiations. Let I, [, and I, be the intensities and f,, f, and f, be the frequencies for the curves a, band ¢, respectively. 12004, 244) f (@) f= fyandl, #1, (if. = fyandl, =I, ‘The work function of a substance is 4.0 &V. ‘The longest wavelength of light that can cause photoelectron emission from this substance is approximately 1998, 264) (a) 540nm —@) 400mm (220 0m (@)310. om . The maximum kinetie energy of photoelectrons ‘emitted from a surface when photons of energy 6 eV fall on itis 4 eV. The stopping potential in wot is 11997, 1M) @2 wa os @w The energy of a photon is equal to the kinetic energy of a proton. The energy of the photon is E. Let h, be the de-Broglie wavelength of the proton and A, be the wavelength of the photon, ‘The ratio “is proportional to (2008, 2 @E WEY jE @E? A particle of mass M at rest decays into two particles ‘of masses m; and m, having non-zero velocities. ‘The ratio of the de-Broglie wavelengths of the particles Ai hais 11999, 261 imi mim — OL mg PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 73©) GOLDEN OLDIES . Potential energy of a particle varies as If total energy of particle is 2H, then, ratio 2, : hy is EE 2005), 2:1 ®t o® (0.707 10. If the wavelength of nth line of Lyman series is ‘equal to the de-Broglic wavelength of electron in initial orbit of a hydrogen like element (@ = 11) The value of n is, EE 2005) ws or 2 (ae 1. Blectrons with de-Broglie wavelength i fall on the target metal an X-ray tube. The cut-off wavelength, 1g of the emitted X-rays is EE 20071 (a 208 wy 2h o wi ra More Than One Correct Type 12. The graph between 1/4 and stopping potential (V) of three metals having work functions fy, $y and @y in fan experiment of photoelectric effect is plotted as shown in the figure. Which ofthe following statementis) is/are correct? Here, i is the ‘wavelength of the incident ray. (2006, 5a) Metal! Metal? Metal TOOTS Tin} (e) Ratio of work functions 0; :¢y:¢y =1:2:4 (b) Ratio of work functions 0, 0944 = 42221 (©) tan is directly proportional a hele, whore h is Planck's constant and eis the speed of ight, (@) The violet colour light can eject photoelectrons from totals 2 and 3 13. When photons of energy 4.25 eV strike the surface of ametal A, the ejected photoclectrons have maximum kinetic energy T, expressed in eV and de-Broglie wavelength h. The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons liberated from another metal B by photons of energy 4.70 eV is Ty =(T, ~ 150 oV). Ifthe de-Broglie wavelength of these photoclectrons is hy ~ 2 then (1995, 2M () the work fanetion of ie 225 eV (6) the work function of Bis 420 eV (0% = 2000V (OT, = 2.750 74 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM 14, When a monochromatic point source of light is at a distance of 0.2 m from a photoelectric cell, the cut-off voltage and the saturation current are respectively 0.6 V and 18.0 mA. If the same source is placed 0.6 m away from the photoeleetrie cell, then 11592, 24) (a) the stopping potential willbe 0.2 (©) the stopping potential will be 0.6 V (c) the saturation current willbe 6.0 mA (d) the saturation current willbe 2.0 mA 15. Photoelectric effect supports quantum nature of light because 11987, 244) (a) there is a minimum frequency of light below which no photoelectrons are emitted @) the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons depends only on the frequency of light and not on its intensity (6) even when the metal surface is faintly ilminated, the photoelectrons leave the surface immediately (@ electric charge of the photoelectrons is quantised 16. Threshold wavelength for a sample is 5200 A. Photoelectrons will be emitted when this material is illuminated with () 50 W infrared lamp (0)1 W infrared lamp (50 W ultraviolet lamp (4) 1 Woultraviolet lamp Single Integer Answer Type 17. Work function for silver and sodium are 4.6 eV and 2.3 eV, respectively. Find ratio of slope of the stopping potential versus frequeney plot for silver to that of sodium, EE Advanced 2013] 18. A silver sphere of radius 1 cm and work function 4:7 eV is suspended m path ofa beam of 200 nen wavelength, As the photoelectrons are emitted, bphete is charged and acquires a potential, The maximum number of photoelectrons emitted from the sphere is A x 10%, If 1 A= Thm h 20.(3),=% = hb __ Tava Xb We have, y et = “he. fam a ie, he Vag So, we have from Eq, (i) = Skit xnxd.exio* O6 Ty = 0.50eV. - VG and on = 4.200V (62-47) «16x10 2B = 2.828 > n= 104 x10 0, nearest integer is 14. (®, d) Stopping potential is propor- S teger ia tional to difference of energy of incident 3 or light and work function of metal, When inicio since en (PHYSICS w action froquency of light and work function of mctal remains sare henee, stopping) Worlds smallest magni potential remains same Also, when distance of soures is ing glass makes it possible to see chemical bonds between atoms increased, intensity of light decreases, For centuries, scientists believed that light couldn't be focused down smaller than i. its wavelength like all waves ie, just under a millionth of a meter. Now, F researchers have created the world's smallest magnifying glass, which focuses When distance is increased from 0.2 m light a billion times more tightly ie., down to the scale of single atoms. The 40.0.6 m(@ Himes) the intensity and research team used highly conductive gold nanoparticles to make the world's hence the saturation current will tiniest optical cavity. Its so small that only a single molecule can fitwithinit. The decrease 9 times. So, saturation current | cavity called a ‘pico-cavity’ by the researchers consists of a bump in a gold will be 2 mA, nanostructure the size ofa single atom, and confines light to less than a billionth ‘asbo) _ cof ametce. The results as reported open up new ways to study the interaction of 15. (4,0) AS, Kou = Hf ~ to light and matter, including the possibility of making the molecules in the cavity. 2M %20 The findings have the potential to open a whole new field of light-catalysed = fede chemical reactions, allowing complex molecules to be built from smaller & components. Additionally, there is the possibility of new opto-mechanical data storage devices, allowing information tobe written and read by light and stored in the form of molecular vibrations 76 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUMAMPLIFIER THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER Innovative problems targetted to improve your conceptual learning 1, Two bodies at different temperatures T, and T,, if brought in thermal contact do they necessarily settle to the mean temperature (T, +T,)/2. © In thermal contact, heat flows fom the body at higher temperature ta the body at fower temperature till temperature become equal. The final temperature can be settle to the mean temperature (J, + 1,)/2 only when thermal capacities and rmases of the two bodies are equal. 2. The triple point of water is a standard fixed point in modern thermometry. Why? 9 This is because the triple point of a substance in unique, Le. it cccurs only at one particular set of value of pressure and temperature 3. Why burns from steam are more serious than those from boiling water? (© The steam at 100°C carries 226x 10°) kg! more heat than water at boiling point 100°C. Thus, the burns from the steam are {generally more serious than thase from boiling water. 4, Water is used for heating in hot water bottles and also ‘as coolant in radiators. Why? © Asspecifc heat of water is large, therefore water can absorbings or releases large amounts of heat, while temperature of water changes by small amounts. That is why water is use for heating in hot bottles and also as coolant in radiators 5, The coolant in a chemical or nuclear plant (i.e. the liquid used to prevent different parts of a plant from getting too hot) should have high specific heat. comment. © The coolant in a chemical or nuclear plant should have high specifi heat because heat absorbed by a substance is directly proportional tothe sprific heat of the substance. 6. A hollow sphere and a solid sphere of equal radii and of same material are heated to rise their temperature by equal amounts. How will the change in their volume expansion be related? © Incase ofa sold sphere, theres only thermal expansion in volume. LetV be the orginal volume of the solid sphere. AV be the change in volume when temperature rises by TC (ie. AT =1°C), Then Coefficient of cubieal expansion of solid sphere, Ww In case of a hollow sphere, a part from thermal expansion, there willbe increase i volume AV due to increase in pressure Ap of the enclosed air on heating, The bulk modulus of clasticity of air is YP or aya YAP av z Be “Thus, ftalinrease insole ofthe hollow spheres givenby ap 7 AV =AV4 AV=W+ AV wi Vp av ow 1. How does skating is possible on snow? 1 While skating a person presses the snow downward with his weight, ie. increases pressure on snow below the skates. Due to if, the melting point of ice becomes lower and hence it ‘melts into water, which acts as a lubricant for skates. As the skater crosses the snow, the pressure on water is released and tis again converted into ice. 8. Can water be boiled without heating? © Yes, water can be boiled without heating. At low pressure, the water boils fast at low temperature. Thus, below the room temperature, when the pressure is made low, the water starts boiling without supplying any heat into it. 9. Is the specific heat of water greater than that of sand? © Yes, specific heat of water is maximum, 10. The holes through which the fish plates are fitted to join the rails are oval in shape. Why? © The holes theough which the fish plates are fitted to join the rails are oval in nature because it allows the movement of nails in the direction of length due to change in temperature. 11.A body at higher temperature contains more heat. Comment. © The statement may not be true always, because heat content of a body depends on mass of body, its specifie heat and temperature PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 77© AMPLIFIER 12, Why does a gas not have a unique value of specific heat? © A gas doesnot have a unique value of specific heat because a gas can be heated under different conditions of pressure and Yolume. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature Of unt mass through unit degree fs diffrent under different condition of heating. 15. 1s it possible that there is change in temperature of a body without giving/taking heat to/from it? © Yes, for example in an adiabatic compression, temperature rises and in an adiabatic expansion, temperature falls, although no heat is given or taken from the system in the respective changes 14. Give reasons for the following (]) Cooking is easier in pressure cooker. (ii) Cooking is difficult on hills. © (i) When pressure cooker is used for cooking, the boiling point increases with the increase in pressure inside the cooker. Due to it, the vegetable is easily cooked in pressure cooker. (i) On bills, the pressure of air is lower than that on planes. Hence, the boiling point of water is less on hills than ‘that on planes. Due to it, the vegetables require more time for cooking on hills than in planes 15. A body suspended from a spring balance is immersed in water. If the coefficient of cubical expansion of water is twice that of the suspended body, then on heating the water, the reading on the spring balance decreases, increases or remains the same. Explain, © The reading ofthe spring balance which measures the apparent weight will increase Infact, on heating, the true weight (ie. ma) ofthe body remains the same, but volume increases and density decreases proportionality. But for weight of water displaced, volume ofthe body increases and density of the water decreases at double the rate, Due to it the upward thrust will beeome less and hence apparent weight will become more 16. metal tube and a rod of same length, same material and same outer diameter are given same ‘amount of heat. Which will show less expansion and why? © Forametal tube anda rod of same length, same materialand of same outer diameter, the mass of rod is more than that of tube When same amount of heat is given to metal tube and a rod, then the temperature tse for rod isess. Hence expansion for rod isess than that of tube HANDBOOKS Multipurpose Revision Books For Class XI, XII, Medical, Engineering & Other Competitive Exams having Key Notes | Terms | Definitions | Formulae handbook handbook Pe Eley aug Zz Za Y, ued 78 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM(©) TARGET NEET 2017 MEDI QUEST Comprehensive Simulator Test Series NEET SCALE UP ‘Mock Questions with from Class Xtthsylabus with answer sheet and enkance your problem sobing skill INSTRUCTIONS This test consists of 45 questions and each questions allotted 4 m Candidates willbe awarded marks as stated above for HALF TEST (xi SYLLABUS) WITH ANSWER KEY for correct response srrect response of each question, 1/4 marks will e deducted fr indicating incorrect, response of each question, No deduction from the total score wil be made if no response is indicated for an item inthe answer sheet, ‘There is only one correct response foreach question. Filling up more than one response in any question willbe treated as wrong response and marks for wrong response will be deducted according as per instructions 1. Accoil of 100 turns and area 2x 10 m® pivoted about a vertical diameter in a uniform magnetic field carries a current of 5A. When the coil is held with ite plane in north-south direction, it experiences a torque of 0.3 N-m. When the plane is in east-west direction the torque is 0.4 N-m. The value of magnetic induction is (Neglect earth’s magnetic field) ost ()005T (o2T oat 2. Asix pole generator with fixed field excitation develops ‘an emf of 120 V, when operating at 1200 rpm, At what speed must it rotate to develop 150 V. (a) 1200 rpm (©) 1800 rpm (6) 1500 rpm (@) 1600 rpm 3. An clectromagnetic wave of frequency 5 MHz passes from vacuum into a dielectric medium with permittivity cis 4 (a) Wavelength is halved and frequency remains unchanged (0) Wavelength and frequency both remain unchanged {c) Wavelength is doubled and frequency becomes balf (@) Wavelength is doubled and frequency remuins unchanged 4, An object is placed in front of a concave mirror at a distance x em from the pole gives a 3 times magnified real image. It is moved toa distance of + 6) em, the magnification of the image becomes 2, The focal length of the mirror is (@)20em 30cm 15cm (@)25 em 5. ‘A charged particle of charge q and mass m carrying 2MeV kinetic energy is moving in a circular path of radius rin an uniform magnetic field. What should be the energy required for a charge particle of 2g and mass 4m to describe a circle of same radius in the same field. (@2Mev ()3Mev (MeV (@25Mev ‘A domain in a ferromagnetic substance isin the form of cube of side length I m. IFt contains 8x 10! atoms, and each atomic dipole has a dipole moment of 9x 10 ‘Am®, then magnetisation of the domain is (7210 Am (72x10 Am™ (017210 Am (12x10 Am Consider two points 1 and 2 in a region outside a charged sphere. Two points are not very for away the sphere. IfE and V represent the electric field vector and electric potential, which ofthe following isnot possible (@) (By |= [Bak Ys = Va (IE,| [Bah Vi # Va (OB, +B, Y= Vy (4)1EI=IELY, # Ve When 4,U®® undergoes fission, 0.1% ofits original mass is changed into energy. How much energy is released if 1 kg of U% undergoes fission. f@ox105 @axios (9x10 J (9x 109 PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 799 9. 10. nn. 12. 13. 14. 15. 80> TARGET NEET 2017 ‘Two metallic spheres of radii 2 em and 6 em are given charges 3% 10 C and 7 x 10 C, respectively, If these are connected by a condueting wire, the final charge on the bigger sphere is @ixiotc (3x 10% waxurc (d)2x0=C ‘The magnetic potential at a point on the axial line of @ bar magnet of dipole moment Mf is V. What is the magnetic potential due to a bar magnet of dipole moment at the same point ¢ wy wt 4 2 wav sv ‘Aight beam is being reflected by using two mirrors, as in a periscope used in submarines. If one of the mirrors rotates by an angle @, the reflected light will deviate from its original path by the angle. (aa8 oe oo x Inayoung double slit experiment, the intensity of light at apoint on the screen where the path difference Ais I, (where 2. is the wavelength of light). The intensity at a Point where the path difference is % is Iy ero fon ly we o oat, aie ‘Two tangent galvanometers A and B have coils of radii cm and 16 cm respectively and resistances 8 Q each, ‘They are connected in parallel with a cell of emf 4 V and negligible internal resistance. The deflection produced in the tangent galvanometers A and B are 30° and 60° respectively. If A has 2 turns, then B has (a) 2 turns (0) 12 turns (0) 18 tums (@) turns ‘The figure below shows the electric field lines due to two positive charges. The magnitudes &,, Ey and E, of the clectrie fields at points A, B and C respectively are L&s ee ® (a) Ey> En (By > By > Be OE, (@) By > Ey> Eo Eq> Bo ‘The de-Broglie wavelength of electron, proton and ceparticle are i, h, and Xy respectively. If all are accelerated by same potential then correct statement will be ()2,> hy> he (AeA, he W)A.> Ry 10" ms (0) 13 10" ms @ 2 10's" (@)3x10%ms"* 40. v, is the frequency of the series limit of . Lyman series, vz is the frequency ofthe frat line of Lyman sori and Vj is the frequency of the series limit of the Balmer series. Then wh-byh wbebyh OM =v2-%5 Wy, - v= %5 AMAZING REALITIES overhead. 82 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM 41. A resistor of 500 Q, on inductance of 0.5 H are in series with an ae which is given by V = 100 2 sin 1000. The power factor of the combination is (005 (©) ero wo w4 B 42. Aray of light is incident on a surface of glass slab at an eee ee ee ee ! Shots on th nl of ration pode i =(y_ 2) @)sin= [1-2 (4) ® @tan(1- U5 43, As the electron in Bohr orbit of Hydrogen atom pass from state n=2 to n=1, the kinetic energy K and potential energy U changes as (@) K two fold, U four fold (6) K four fold ,U two-fold (6 K fourfold, U also four fold (4) K two fold, U also two fold 44. A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 30 MHz ‘travels in free space along the x-direction. The electric component of the wave at a particular point of space and time is E = 6Vm"" along y- direction, Its magnetic field component B at this point would he (@) 6x10" T along-Z-direction (6)2x10° 7 along Xdirection (€)2x 107 along Z-direction (d) 6x 10* along-X-airection 45. At what speed a person must drive his car so that the red signal of light appears green, wavelength of red Tight 6200 A and wavelength of green light is 5400 A? (@) 25 x10%ms"! ()89>% 107 ms"! (eo) x10'ms"" @15 x10" ms Answers 1.0) 2 a.) 5. (3) 66) 7.1) Bf) Be) 10,8) 1.) 12d) 13. 18. (a) 16(0) 17.) 18.) 20. (0) 21 22) 23.) 25. (e) 26.(8) 27. (a) 28. (b) 30. (c) Bi) 82K) 83.48) 35. (a) 36.6) 97. (0) 88. (ah 40. (a) 41d) 42.) 48. (0) 45. 0) Due to gravitational effects, you weigh slightly less when the moon is directlyDO you KNO What are the lowest and highest temperatures known to man? Lowest temperature is —278144°C itis achieved in 2003 at MIT lab. Highest temperature is also manmade it is in a “Hadror-collider” (Switzerland in 2013) it is about 5,500,000,000,000°C. ‘What are the lowest and highest temperatures possible (as per laws of our Physics)? Lowest temperature possible is -27815°C, absolute zero. Highest possible temperature is +420,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000, itis called absolute hot. 10K) How many tonnes of plastic waste is created in Indi per day? [As por oficial government data, it was well over 21000 tonnes per day of plastic waste, Most of tis created in cites, ie, about +8000 tonnes per day. How far we are able to travel or reach in space? Itis about 122 astronomicalunits (Au) (~ 18.2 bilion kilometres from sun). This is achieved by Voyager.| space craft. It was launchec by NASA in 1977. tis mission are intended to take advantage of special alignment of the outer planets, This allows spacecrait to “slingshot” from one planet to nexl, Scientists estimated that it reaches last major boundary of our solar system in 2017. According to NASA, Voyager-1 have enough power fo keep comrunicating with earth til 2020. ‘What is an ion thruster and how it works? lon thrusters are being designed for a wide variety of missions from keeping communications satelites in the proper position (slation-keeping) to propelling spacecraft throughout our solar system. These Ihrusters have high spectficimaulses. ‘An ion thruster ionizes propellant by adding or removing electrons to produce ions. The mast common propellant used inion propulsion 's xenon, which is easily ionised and has ahigh atomic mass, thus generating a desirable level of thrust when jons are accélerated. It also is inert and has a high storage density, therefore it is well suited for storing on spacecrat. In most ion thrusters, olectrons are generated with in the discharge of hollow cathode by a process called thermionic emission. The positively charged ions are accelerated out ofthe thruster as an ion beam, which produces thrust. © Whatis 3-D 19? 3D printing of additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional sold objects from a digital ile Ital starts with making a virtual design of the object you want to create, This virtual design is for instance a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file. This CAD file 's created using a 3D modeling application or with a 3D scanner (Go copy an existing object). A 3D scanner can make a 3D digital cony of an object. When a file is uploaded in a 30 printer, the object is ready to be 8D printed layer by layer ‘The 30 printer reads every slice (2D image) and creates a three dimensional abject. © Whatis the depth of deepest hole drilled in the earth? itis "Kola Super deep Borehole", a depth of 12262 metres. Ithad taken 19 yr trom 1970 to 1989 to dil this Hoke At this depth temperature is 180°C and dling machine ‘ceased to function. Kola Super deep Borehole isin Russia, @ Is there any other earth like planet known to us? Yes, itis “Proxima Centuri, only 4.25 light years away from earth, Ilis more massive than earth and is revolving around its sun in 1.2 earth days. Planet is similar to earth, © What is Coriolis effect? Coriolis effect named after the scientist ‘Gustave Coriolis’ refers to the apparent deflection of moving objects produced by earth’s rotation. The effect is applied to ‘objects lke winds and ocean currents. These are deflected to right (clockwise) in the northern hemisphere and to left (anti-clockwise) in southern hemisphere. There is no deflection on equator. Water in your washbasin rotates clockwise in North. hemisphere and anticlockwise in South-hemisphere. © Inwhich time of year you are able to see more shooting stars (meteor shower). Is there are particular dates on which these can be observed more frequently. At certain regular times of the year large number of meteors. ‘onters the atmosphere. To an observer on ground each of these showers seems to emanate from a particular area of the sky. Major meteor activity occurs in interval of August 12 to January 4. On January 4 itis most trequent. ‘These occurs when earth passes through the “doris” trial of acomet PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 83&) TARGET CBSE 2017 TEST DRIVE Comprehensive Simulator Test Series for XII Board BOARD EXAM (PAPER ONE PREP UP) (ail SYLLABUS) ic hatiad Pernt) © Bpical Questions with Crispy Solutions INSTRUCTIONS «Section A Very Short Answer Type Questions 5 Questions of one mark each © Section B It contains five questions of two marks each © Section Cit contains twelve questions of three marks each, « Section D It contains one value based question of four marks + Section Et contains three questions of five marks each. Section A Section B 1. The relative permeability of a magnetic material is 6. Three identical ki, = 0.9874 Name the type of magnetic material, polaroid sheets R, 2, The energy levels of @ hypothetical atom are as Prand Py are shown below. oriented sothat +s |] +0, |] sa} soy the (pass) axis of Py a ne and P, are inclined zw at angles of 60° and Tw Sorespetivey, a with respect to the (pass) axis of R. A monochromatic source S, of 8 intensity Ip, is kept in front of the polaroid sheet P, Which of these transition corresponds to emission of Find the intensity of this light, as observed by radiation of () maximum and (ii) minimum observers 0,, 0, and Oy, positioned as shown figure. wavelength? at 7. When a given 3. What is the resistance offered by a capacitor to DC? photosensitive materi irradiated with light of frequency v, the maximum speed of the emitted photoelectrons equals tay. A ‘The square of Ugays ie. Uae 79) is observed to vary with vf 2 as per the graph shown here. Find the value of Planck’s constant in terms of the parameters, |, n and the mass, m of the electron. 5. Write the truth table for the combination of gates. (a) Define modulation index shown in the figure. (©) Why isthe amplitude of modulating signal kept aD less than the amplitude of carrier wave? 84 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM 4. A plot of magnetic flux (0) versus current (J) is shown, in the figure for two inductors A and B. Which of the ‘two has larger value of self-inductance? °9. Afine pencil of ppparticles, moving with a speedo, enters a region (region 1), where a uniform electric and a uniform magnetic field are both present. ‘These f-particles then move into region, where only the magnetic field, (out of the two fields present in rogion D, exists. The path of the particles, in the two regions, is as shown in the figure Drive the expression for the radius ofthe circular path of the feparticle in region I. fer If the magnitude of magnetic field, in region II, is changed to n times its earlier value, (without changing the magnetic field in region I) find the factor by which the radius of this circular path ‘would change. vee) oR ind the magnitude of the force on each segment of the wire shown below, if a magnetic field of 0.30 T, is applied parallel to AB and DE. Take the value of the current, flowing in the wire, as 1 A. 10. Derive an expression for drift velocity of free ‘electrons in a conductor in terms of relaxation time. Section € 11. State the underlying principle of a potentiometer. Describe briefly, giving the necessary circuit diagram, How a potentiometer is used to measure the internal resistance ofa given cell. 12. Three identical capacitors C,,C and Cy of capacitance GF each are connected to a 12V battery as shown below &) TARGET CBSE 2017 Find (i) the charge on each capacitor i) the equivalent capacitance of the network. (iii) the energy stored in the network of capacitors. 13. Write the condition of 8 balance in a Wheatstone oS sae’ yen a 1 = A ok bridge. In the given yy nh Wheatstone bridge, the current in the resistor 3R, is 4 zero, Find the value of R, if the carbon resistor connected in one arm of the bridge has the colour sequence of red, red and orange. ‘The resistances, of BC and CD arms, are now interchanged and another carbon resistance is, connected in place of R, so that the current through the arm BD is again zero. Write the sequence of colour bands of this earbon resistor. 14.) What is the ratio of the nuclear densities of two nuclei having mass numbers in the ratio 1: 4? 1 (Gi) A radioactive sample decays to £5 of its initial activity in 30 days. Calculate the half-life of the substance. 15.4 200 V variable frequency AC soures is connected to a series combination of L = 5H, C = 80yF and R=400 Caleulate angular frequency of source to get the maximum current in the circuit. Gi) current amplitude at resonance and (iii) power dissipation in the circuit at resonance. 16. On the basis of photon theory, obtain Einstein's photo-clectric equation. Use this equation to show that there must exist a threshold frequency for each photo-sensitive surface. Radiations of frequencies, v, and v, are made to fall in turn, on a photo-sensitive surface, The stopping potentials required for stopping the most energetic emitted photo-eleetrons in two cases are V, and V, respectively. Obtain a formula for determining Planck’s constant and the threshold frequency in terms of these parameters. 17. Draw the labelled circuit diagram of a common-emitter n-pen transistor. Also draw its transfer characteristics, Point out the region in which the transistor can operates as an amplifier. 18, What is an unpolarised light? Explain with the help of suitable ray diagram, how an unpolarised light can be polarised by reflecting it from a transparent medium? Write an expression for Brewster's angle in torms of the refractive index of denser medium. PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 85a 19. 20. 21. 22, 23. 24, 86 TARGET CBSE 2017 (i) Write two uses of X-rays, Gi A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 25 ‘MHz travels in free space along the X-direction. ‘At a particular point in space and time the electric vector is B= 6.3j Vm“. Calculate B at this point. Write the functions of the following in ‘communication systems (i) Modulator (ii) Receiver (iii) Demodulator Discuss the phenomenon of refraction through a prism. Prove that 8 = A(h - 1) for a small-angled prism, where the symbols have their usual meanings. oR Draw a schematic diagram of reflecting type telescope. Write two important advantages that the reflecting telescope has over a refracting type. What is the Zener diode? How can a Zener diode be used as voltage regulator? Explain using appropriate circuit diagram, Section D A little boy while crossing the footpath saw an overhead street light glowing in the day time. Thinking it to be wastage of current and powerloss, he switched off the street light over even when it ‘was at some height on the pole and it was not easy for him to switch off. i) What words would you frame for the little boy and his thinking? Gi) A small town with a demand of 800 kW and 200 V of electric power is situated 15 km away from the electric plant generating power of 440 Vo. A two wire line (electric power line of 0.5.2 per km) connects the town with the plant. The town receives the power from the line through a 4000-200 V stepdown transformer of a sub-station located in the town. Estimate the power loss in the form of heat. Section E (a) Using Biot-Savart law derive an expression for the magnetic field due to a current carrying loop at a point along the axis of the loop. (b) A long straight conduetor carries a steady current i, The current is distributed uniformly across its cross-section of radius a. Plot a graph showing the variation of magnetic field B produced by the conductor with the distance r from the axis of the conductor in the region ra oR DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM. (a) Derive an expression to find out magnetic field at a point on the axis of @ circular coil earrying. current, (b) Two parallel coaxial circular coils of equal radius R and equal number of turns N, carry equal currents / in the same direction and are separated by a distance 2R. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field produced ‘at the mid-point of the line joining their centres, 25, (a) With the help of a ray diagram, show the formation of image of a point’ object by refraction of light at a spherical surface of radius R separating two media of refractive indices m, and ng(ny >) respectively. Using this diagram, derive the relation uF (b) A convex lens is placed over a plane mirror. A pin is now positioned so that there is no parallax between the pin and its image formed by this lens-mirror combination. How can this ‘observation be used to find the focal length of the convex lens? Give appropriate reasons in support of your answer, OR ‘The igure drawn here, shows a modified Young's double slit experimental set up. 188, ~ $8, = % i) state the condition for constructive and destructive interference. (di) obtain an expression for the fringe width. iii) locate the position of the central fringe. 26. State Gauss theorem in electrostatics. Use it to find field strength at a distance r from the centre of a conducting sphere of radius R carrying charge Q where @rek Gi)r>R oR (a) Define the term electrostatic potential. Give the dependence of electrostatic potential due to a small electric dipole at a far off point lying on ( the axial line, and (i) equatorial line () Briefly explain the principle of a capacitor. Obtain the expression for the eapacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a conducting slab of thickness ¢ between the plates.Answers with Explanation - Asi, < 1 tis a diamagnetic material . ‘Transition Aemits maximum wavelength ‘Transition D emits minimum wavelength Keak Brie ape, exo Kom 1. AsL=2g=L1 Slope of. graph gives selEinductance ofthe cil 5 a> ln 1a fen TY ne a |e [yy oo |1 [0 rio it fo 0/1 [1 [0 vit jo |i Combination behaves like an AND gate, Intensity observed by (0) Observer 0, = 22 2 i Observer 0, = 2eoe*60"=42 By malu's law) 2 3 3. Sle CR (Gi Observer 05 (B)esto™ = 60°) = 4 8 8 . According to Binstein's equation mag = AY = pre % Bp This is tho equation of a straight line having a slope 2 him. and an intercept (on the v3, asin) of - a) Comparing these withthe sven graph, we gst Bee Loe = im mo on . Refer Theory given in NCERT, | In rogion LF, =F, 90= E/B. In region Il, mY =qBor=™ = 7 qB Substituting the vale of we gt nb a Let B’ © nB) denote the new magnetic field in region IL. If ‘isthe radius ofthe circular path now, we have my, mE Ban? Hence, radius of the circular path, would decrease by a factor n oR AB and DE are Il ta the magnetic field Fag = Fog = 0 Foye = IpcBsin 90° = 0.024N Pop = HepBsin 20° = 0.015 10. Refer theory given in NCERT. PHysics w action New LEDs may offer better way For the first time, researchers have created light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on lightweight flexible metal fil. The foil based LEDs are very useful for portable deep ultraviolet (UV) lights that soldiers, and others can use to purty drinking water and sterilize medical equipments Deep UV light is already used by the military, humanitarian, organisations and industry for applications ranging from detection of biological agents to curing plastics. The problem is. that conventional deep-UV lamps are too heavy to easily carry around The present lamps are Hg based and Hg is toxic. Secondly, the lamps are bulky and electrically inefficient. These LEDs, on the other hand, ae really efficient, so if we could make UV LEDs that, are safe and portable and cheap, we could make safe drinking water wherever we need it This new development relies on a welkestablished semiconductor growth technique known as molecular beam epitaxy. In this technique, vaporised elemental materials settle on a surface and self-organise into layers or nanostructures. The researchers used this technique to grow a carpet of tightly packed aluminum gallium nitride wires on pieces of metal foil such as titanium and tantalum, from which nanowires were made, The individual wires measure about 200 nanometers tall and about 20-50 nanometers in diameter. These dimensions suggest that these wires are thousand times narrower than a human hait and invisible to the naked eye. n laboratory test, these nanowires lit up nearly as brightly as those manufactured fon the more expensive and less flexible single-crystal silicon, The researchers are working to make the nanowire LEDs even, brighter, and will next try to grow the wires on foils made from, more common metals, including steel and aluminum. Foll-based nanotechnology could enable _ large-scale production of a lighter, cheaper and more environmentally friendly deep-UV LED. PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 < 87TARGET CBSE 2017 TEST DRIVE Comprehensive Simulator Test Series for XII Board BOARD EXAM (PAPER TWO SCALE UP) INSTRUCTIONS © Section A Contains 5 questions of | mark each + Section B Contains 5 questions of 2 marks each. + Section € Contains 12 questions of 3 marks cach. + Section D Contains 1 value based question of 4 marks. + Section E Contains 3 questions of S marks each. Section A 1, What is the rate of change of flux linked with the rate of change of area for the rod of length moving in region of a uniform magnetic field B, shown in the figure? — 2. What happens to the interference fringes in Young's double slit experiment if a monochromatic source is replaced by a source of white light? 3. What is the shortest wavelength present in the Paschen series of spectral lines? 4, Plot a graph showing the variation of photoelectric current with anode potential for two light beams of same wavelength but different intensity 5, Write a relation between current and drift velocity of electrons in a conductor. 6. A carrier wave of peak voltage 12 V is used to transmit a message signal. What should be the peak voltage of the modulating signal, in order to have a modulation index of 75%? 88 > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM (XI SYLLABUS) 7. A large circular coil, of radius R and a small circular coil radius r, are put in vicinity of each other. If the coefficient of mutual induction for this pair is equal to 1 mH, what would be the flux linked with the larger coil when a current of 0.5 A flows through the smaller coil? When the current in the smaller coil falls to zero, what would be its effect in the larger coil? oR A coil of 0.01 H inductance and 1 @ resistance is connected to 200 V, 50 Hz AC supply. Find the impedance of the circuit and time lag between ‘maximum alternating voltage and current. 8. A certain n-p-n transistor has the common emitter output characteristics as shown fo BOA (a) Find the emitter current at Vz, =10V and 1, = 60HA. (b) Find the Bat this point.9. How is a moving coil galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter? Explain giving the necessary cireuit diagram. 10. Using the relevant Bohr’s postulates derive the ‘expression for the radius of the electron in the nth. orbit of the electron in hydrogen atom. Section ¢ 11. A person with a normal near point (25 cm) using a ‘compound microscope with objective of focal length 8,0 mm and an eye piece of focal length 2.5 em ean bring an object placed at 9 mm from the objective in sharp focus. What is the separation between the two lenses. Calculate the magnifying power of the microscope, 12. What are de-Broglie waves? Show that the de-Broglie wavelength associated with an electron, i" n 234 v accelerated through V volts, is given by & = 13. A resistance of RQ draws current from a potentiometer as shown in the figure. The potentiometer has a total resistance R, ©. A voltage V is supplied to the potentiometer. Derive an expression for the voltage across R when the sliding contact is in the middle of the potentiometer. y Re ANNA Man " 14. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon of #$C1 nucleus. Given that mass of $5C1 = 24980000 amu, mass of proton ~1.007825amu, mass of neutron Py008665 amu, 1 amu = 931 MeV 15. (a) Describe briefly how electromagnetic waves are produced by oscillating charges (b) Give one use ofeach ofthe fllowing Gio gamma rays iv) ultraviolet rays () microwaves di infrared rays 16. What is space wave propagation? Which two communi- cation methods make use of this mode of propagation? Ifthe sum of the heights of transmitting and receiving antennas in line of sight of communication is fixed at +h, show that the range is maximum when the two antenna have a height © each 17. Define the coefficient of mutual induction, A long solenoid of length (and radius 7, is enclosed. coaxially with another long solenoid of length ! and radius 7p (7 > 7, and >> r,). Deduce an expression for the mutual induetanee of this pair of solenoids. &) TARGET CBSE 2017 18. (a) A ray of light, incident on an equilateral glass prism (yg = v3) moves parallel to the base of the prism, inside it. What is the angle of ineidonce for this ray? () The following table gives data about the single slit diffraction experiment Wavelength | Half Angular width of of light the principal maxima a e ph Fa Find the ratio of the widths of the slits used in the two cases. Would the ratio of the half angular widths of the first secondary maxima, in the two cases, be algo equal to q? OR A thin lens, having two surfaces of radii of curvature 7, and r;, made from a material of refractive index u. Derive the lens maker's formula for this set-up. 19. Potentiometer wire PQ of 1m length is connected to a standard cell By. Another cell Ey, of emf 1.02 Vis connected as shown in the circuit diagram with a resistance r and a switch S. With switch $ open, null point is obtained at a distance of 51 em from P. Calculate 5 sev Caw) 1 }® ae Potentiometer () potential gradient of the potentiometer wire. (Gi) emf of the cell By. iii) when switch S is closed, will null point moves towards P or towards? Give reason, 20, (a) Ina single slit diffraction experiment, when a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distant source, a bright spot is seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle, explain why? (b) State two points of difference between the interference pattern obtained in Young’s double slit experiment and the diffraction pattern due toasingle slit? 21.A series L-C-R circuit is connected to an AC souree. Using the phasor diagram, derive the expression for the impedance of the circuit. Plot a graph to show the variation of current with frequency of the source, explaining the nature of its variation, PHYSICS SPECTRUM « DECEMBER 2016 « 89a TARGET CBSE 2017 22.1n a parallel plate capacitor with air between the 23. 24, 25. 90> plates, each plate has an area of 6 x 10" m? and the separation between the plate is 3 mm. (@ Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor. di) If this capacitor is connected to 100 V supply. ‘What would be the charge on each plate? ii) How would charge on the plates be affected if a 3mm thick mica sheet of K=6 is inserted between the plates while the voltage supply remains connected? Section D ‘Two best friends John and Jolly are students of IX class, John wants to be an astronaut but he does not know anything about astronomy. So, he shared his desire with his friend Jolly. Jolly asked him to take advice from his teachers, (@ What would be the suggestion of this teacher? Gi) An astronaut is looking down on the earth's surface from a space shuttle with the eye lens having aperture of 5 mm at an altitude of 500 km and the wavelength of visible light is 500 nm, what is the linear size of object the astronauts will be able to find over the earth’s surface, Section E Draw a neat labelled diagram of cyclotron, state the principle and explain how a positively charged particle gets accelerated in this machine? Show mathematically that the cyclotron frequency does not depend upon the speed of the particle. OR ( A short bar magnet of magnetic moment is 32 ‘Am? placed in a uniform magnetic field of 15 T. If the bar magnet is free to rotate in the plane of field, which orientations would correspond to its (@) stable and unstable equilibrium? (b) What is the potential energy of the magnet of each case? Gi) Gi) State Gauss’ law in magnetism. Define magnetie susceptibility of a material and also name two elements, one having positive susceptibility and other having negative susceptibility (a) Explain the formation of depletion layer and potential barrier in a p-n junetion and also with the help ofa labelled diagram, explain the use of p-n junction diode as full wave rectifier, Draw the input and output waveforms. ‘The graph, shown here, represents the V-I characteristics of a device. Identify the region, if any, over which this device has a negative resistance, O) DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM. 26. V0) (©) Explain briefly, with the help of a circuit diagram, how V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode is obtained in (a) forward bias () reverse bias. Draw the shape of the curves obtained, A photodiode is fabricated from a semiconductor with a band gap of 2.8 eV. Can it detect wavelength of 6000 nm? Justify. @ () Anclectrie dipole of dipole moment pis held ina uniform electrie field E. (a) Prove that no translation force acts on the dipole, (@) Hence prove that the torque acting on the dipole is given by pE'sin 0, indicating the direction along which it acts. (Gi) Caleulate the work done to dissociate the system of three charges placed on the vertices of a '", (oom triangle as shown. Here, q=16x10™ ©. LS 20 oR (@) Three charges - V2 uC, 2/2 wC and - VB uC are arranged along a straight line as shown in the figure, Calculate the total electric field intensity due to all these three charges at the point P. aw force (F) versus [}, where r is the distance between the two charges of each pair of charges (uC, 2 uC) and (2 uC, ~ 3 uC). Interpret the slope of graphs obtained, Plot a graph “ay the variation of coulombBRAIN TEASERS dl Rank Booster in JEE Main and Advanced I. The co-ordinates of a particle moving in a plane are given by x(0) =a.cos(pt) and (0) =bsin (pt) where a,b() = coo, @ (=) > DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM Uy 12, 13. 14, 15, ‘Two metallic spheres S, and S, are made of the same material and have got identical surface finish. The mass of S, is thrice that of S;. Both the spheres are heated to the same high temperature and placed in the same room having lower temperature but are thermally insulated from each other. The ratio of the initial rate of cooling of S, to that S, is a T ai (3) An ideal gas is taken through the cycle ABC = A, as shown in the figure. If the net heat supplied to the gas in the eycle is 5 J, the work done by the gas in the process C > Ais 1 us ®) © Piney 1o @-153 105 fe)- 53 @- 23 A.uniform rope of length 12 m and mass 6 kg hangs vertically from a rigid support. A block of mass 2 kg is attached to the free end of the rope. A transverse ‘wave pulse wavelength 0.06 m is produced at lower end of rope. What will be the wavelength of a transverse pulse when it reaches the top of the rope? @O018m 01m 015m — 0.2m Steam at 100°C is passed into 11 kg of ‘water contained in a calorimeter of water equivalent 0.02 kg at 15°C till the temperature of the calorimeter and its contents rises to 80°C. The mass of the steam condensed in kg is f@)0.180 — (6)0.065 —(e)0.260 (aoass ‘A vessel contains a mixture of one mole of oxygen and two moles of nitrogen at 300 K. The ratio of the average kinetic energy per O, molecule to per molecule is @in 1:2 feast (@) depends on the moment of inertia of the two molecules Answers 1 2) 4 8 6.10) 71) BE) 8.( 10.) 1.) 2) 8)NOW GET ei second |ecttitg YOUR a SPECTRUM AT YOUR DOOR STEP. a< « a€ aS i ‘Company Courier Magazine Year boot Amount | ompany Charges Final i (Less) (add) Amount PICIM (anyone) 1 12 390/- 137 3601- 613 PICIM (anyone) 2 24 780/- 312!- 7201- 1188 PICIM (all three) 1 36 11701- 4101 1080/- 18401. PICIM (all three) 2 2 2340/- 936. 21601. 3564/- ALL PARTICULARS EXCEPT EMAIL TO BE FILLED IN BLOCK LETTERS Name nnnnnsnnnnn soonnneenn Father's Name DOB ssnsnnnsnn Name of the Instn which you are preparing for exam) Name of the Sch0Ol ....sn:nnnnmnnnnnnnnnnnnnnsn ADBTESS Phone 2. snnnnnnnene son E-mail [am enclosing DD NO. ......nsnsnnnnnnnnnis .. Dated, "branch (Specty Bank) vo “favouring Arihant Media Promoters to be draw at MEERUT for Rs Please complete the order orm and send TTERVS AND CONDITIONS : Pease allow 4-5 weeks for racessng of your subsctiplon; No cancelation wil be entertained ake he acceptance of subscription Please mentor your name and sdfess on he feverse of your OD, All putes subject "0 Meer (UP) jusdton only You can also subscribe Magazines online at www.arihantbooks.com For more information, contact : +91-9219641347FUN ARCADE DOWN 1. A machine used to accelerate charged particle or ions to high energies 2, Symbol used for heat thx across or through a plane. 3. Instrument used to measure altitudes and is used in aircraft. 7. is a property ofa fluid by virtue of which a tangential frictional force acts between is layers, £8, The temporary dark spots on the sun's surface. 9.063 unit of energy, 12, SL unit of capacitance 13. Unit of pressure equivalent to that produced bya mm column, of mercury. ACROSS 4 5. 6. 10, LL. 4 1s. ‘Two sources of waves having constant relationship between the phases ofthe waves emitted by them, Sl derived unit for magnetic fox density. The fibres are coated witha glass of slightly lower refractive index. GS unit of magnetic field strength. SLunitof illuminance The transparent part of ee ‘An instrument used to measure angular speeds The rate of low of mass or energy per unit area perpendicular to the dtection of flow. Stephen.W. Hawking English theoretical physicist Stephen William Hawking developed theory of exploding black holes that drew upon relativity theory and quantum mechanics Hovking studied mathematics and physics at University College, Oxford (B.A., 1962), and Trinity Hall, Cambridge (Ph.D, 1966). He was elected a research fellow at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge. In the early 1960s Hawking contracted amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, an incurable degenerative neuromuscular disease. He continued to work despite the diseases progressively disabling effects Havking’ contributions to physics earned him many exceptional honours. In 1974 the Royal Society elected him one ofits youngest fellows. He became professor of gravitational physics at Cambridge in 1977, and in 1979 he was appointed to Cambridge's Lucasian professorship of mathematics, post once held by Isaac Newton, Hawking was made a Commander of the British Empire (CBE) in 1982 and a Companion of honour in 1989. He recived the Copley Medal from the Royal Society in 2006. His publications inchude—The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time (1973; coauthored with GFR Ellis), Superspace and Supergravity (1981), The Very Early Universe (1983) and the best-sellers A Brief History of Time: From the Big-Bang to Black Holes (1988), The Universe in a nutshell (2001), and A Briefer History of Time (2005), (& a ihPuzzles to Puzzle You Acylindrical homogeneous rod of length I Goats partly numersed in water, being supported bya string fastened to ‘one ofits ends, as pictured in figure. Ifthe specific gravity of the rod is 0.75, whatis the fraction ofthe length of the rod that extends out ofthe water? r ‘A metal disc of radius r can rotate with negligible tition inside along, straight col about a shaft parallel tothe axis of symmetry ofthe col. One end of the coll wit is connected t0 the edge ofthe disc and the other tothe shaft November 2016 issue Answer Crossword The coil has ohmic resistance Rand contains m turns per unit ength tis placed so that its axisis parallel tothe carts magnetic fed vector Bp ‘What current flows through the ammeter shown in the figure ifthe disc rotates with angular frequency ? ‘One end ofa weak light spring ofength L and force constant eis xed toa pivot and a body of mass‘n'is attacked to its fice horizontal end covert oconvee Dyn NL reevonstivoeveeQ) Mass is released with spring horizontal and unstretched Whatis length of spring when it reaches vertical postion? Tivo 20g flatworms climb over a very thin wall, 10cm high, (One of the worms is 20cm long, the other is wider and only 10 cm long. Which of them has done more work against eravity when half ofits ovr the top ofthe wall? What is the ratio ofthe amounts of work done by the two worms? X-ray photons are scattered through an angle of 90° by clectron initially at rest. What is the change in wavelengt the photons?1. Determine the electra potent energy of the protons na nucleus, f itis assured thatthe charge is uniformly sphericalydistrbuted. nucleus atomic umber is Z 2. Determine the capacitance of two very long, thin parallel wires, each of radius + and sepatation between them i in at 3. Caloulate the citterence in wavelength of Ha tne of oreinary and heavy hydrogen, given that protonelectton mass rato s 1836 and wavelength of Ine of crainary hydrogen is 6583 A 4. A satelite of mass 2 mis ina ccular obit of radius 2R, around the earth, By mistake, another satelite of mass mis put in the same orb and having opposite sone of rolalion. The colsion between the two satelite is perfectly inelastic. Will the combined mass hit the earth's surtace? Ifyes, at what angle tothe horizontal? 5. Apoint charge enters the space besieer the plate ofa paral plate ceapactor which are parallel to XZ-plare at avelociy =i. The electric fields in the JUST SOLVE & SEND KNOWLEDGE COEFFICIENT QUIZZER (NO. 25) jdtection. Calculate the exalt me ‘dependence of veloc 6. Three rods A Band Chaving identical shape and size, are hinged together at ends to form an equlateral triangle. Rods Aand B are made of same material having DECEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM.eo irri 127 2350 6126 2350 6125 2350 6142 2350 0143 ¢350 0144 2350JEE MAIN « santana