DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND THEIR FORMATION (dT, R. S. AGGARWAL) EXERCISE 18A (Pg. No.: 896) Write order and degree (if defined) of each of the following differential equations (ofa Sol. In the given equation, the highesttorder derivative is and its powers | its order = 2.and degree = 1 Sol. In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is ay and its power is 2 itsorder= 2 and degree = 2 +($) +4-0 dP) *\ ar Sol. In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is and its power is 2 :. its order =2 and! degree =2 « te)! Sol. In thi given equation, the highest-order derivative is a and its power is 2 its order =3'and degree = 2 Sol. In the given equation, thé highést-order derivativeis <2 andiits power is 1 its order = 2 and degree =i! 4 i Boy Sol. x In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is = and its power is 1Sol. Sol. Sol 10. Sol ul Sol 13, Sol. In this equation, the highest order derivatives ©, sojits order is 2 Ithas aterm e*’, so its degree is not defined ==) 2 sinf 2 )=0 dete In this equation, the highest order derivative is 4 soits orderis 1 Ithas a term sn( 2), so its degree is not defined £Y co FY) 0 de ae In this ecquati6a, the highest orderavEeie 22, so 4 rder is 4 = order is, Ithas a term om *, so its degree is not defined. y +s) ~6y In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is & Y and its power is 1 its order= 2 and degree = 1 (g)-4) em & In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is a and its power is 3 its order=1 and degree =3 In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is, a and its power is T its order 3 and degree = 1 Bray : de. Given differential equation may be written as (4 In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is and its power is 2 its order = 1 and degree = 2 ;Sol 15 Sol. 16. Sol 7 Sol. 18, Sol. Given differential equation may be written as ( - (¢ In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is > and its power is 2 its order = 2 and degree = 2 Ji yrae+ Viv dy=0 Given differential equation may be written as Ji—y* +V1—x 4 0 & In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is a and its power is 1 its order = 1 and degree = 1 (y') +0’ tiny’ H1=0 In this equation, the highest order détivative is (y"), so itsiorder is 2 Ithas a term sin’, 50 its degree is not defined (3x +5y)dy— 40% 20 Given differential equation may be written as (3x + sy % ay? = ay In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is Z and its power is 1 its orders I and degree = 1 (de, Given differential equation may be written as (4) In the given equation, the highest-order derivative is. 4 and its power is 2 its order =Wand degree = 2EXERCISE 18B (Pg. No.: 902) 1 Verify that x° 2" logy is a solution of the differential equation (: Sol. Given equation is x* =2y* logy ; ay ae 2. Verify that y=e" cosy is. solution ofthe differential equation “= Sol. Given'eqtiation y =e" cosx @ Differentiating both sides w.r.t x we have 4 Z(cosbe) +o bx: =. -e' sinbrte* cosx =e*[-sinbx+cosx] (i) Differentiating both sides wt x we gst 2 —— Le! sinx) +(e vosx) )+sin xe} +e-L(cosx)+c0sx4| de de dx =e* {cos x—2sitrx + cos.x} (ii) @y andy LHS. ==- 2y=0 de de =e" [-cosx~2sinx +008] -e"[-sin x+cos:x] 12¢" cose cos x—2sinbx+ cos x +28in x 2cosx+2cosx] Hence given equation is a solution of given differential equation 3. Verify that y=e' is a solution of the differential equation (1~ Sol. Given equation is y=e"**"*Hence y=e""*"* isa solution ofthe:diferential equation (1-x*). 4. Verify that y=(a++hx)e* is the general solution of the differential equation Sol. Given equation #8. y= (er br)-e* > Sather Hence the givén equation is the solution of given differential equation 5. Verify that y=e"(dcosx+Bsinx) is the general solution of the differential equation dy Y rge0 ay de Sol. Given equationis y=e"{A-cosx+ Bsinx} > y=A-cosx+ B-sine Differentiate both sides wir xweigetSol. Given equation is y=acos2x—Bsin 2x Differentiatiy both sides w.rt x we get aw => B= -24-sin2x-2B cos2e Diff. both sides w.rtx we get BA cos2x+4B sin 2 =e aaa cos2x—Bsin2x} = E ty = Sheay=0 Hence y = A*e0s2x= Bsin 2x is a solution of 7. Verify that y =ae**+he™* is the general solution of the differential equation Sol. Given differential equation is y=a-e* +b-e* Diffethtialiy both sides w.rt x we get 2 Again differentiatiy both sides w.rt x, we get Dave’ = dart +68" —2a>e* +b-e* ~2ae* Hence the given equation is the solution of given differential equation 8 Velify that y=¢"( cosx-+8 sin.x) is a solution of the differential equations Bry =0 Sol. y=e"(A cos B sin) oA) Differentiating both sides of (1), weget, =e" (-A sinx teosx) +(4 cos Bsinx)e” 2 (-A sinx+ B'cos x) ey re) de Again differentiating both sides of (2), we get, }+(-A sinx +B cosx)e" +2 6) From equation (2), 4 yoet(-Asinx+B cosx) ‘Now, Putting the value of ¢*(—A sin + B cosx) in equation (3),Sol. 10. Sol. u Sol. Verify that y* =4a(x+-a) is a solution of the differential equation v y=4a(x+a) Ww = AB oe ()- 25. Hence proved. z x te Verify thaty-=ce“*"* is a solution of the differential equation (+2) 2s 0r-i) Bo pace a) Differentiating both sides'of (1), we get, = Given equation is y=e" ssn) Differentiating both sides w.r.t x'We get So Gi) ii)Sol. Given differential equation is y=4+5 ¥ o Differentiating both sides w.rt. x we get by axe sai 5 @ Dividing both sides by x° we have S¥ +22 — 9 viding both sides by x wehave SP 42S Hence the given equation is the solution of given differential equation 13. Verify that y=e “Ax +B a solutiomof tie diferential equation eff é Sol, yse*+4r+B ay Differentiating both sides of (1), we get, Bae -)+tA > Bae (2) Again differentiating both sides of (2), we et, a 14 Sol. Given’equationiis Ak? + By’ Diff. both sides wart x we get 24x+2By 2 >t equation15. Verify that y= isa solution of the differential equation (1+x° )S+0ry )=0 Teer Sol. Given equation is y= Trex Different ding both sides wanstx we get & ate om 4 (c-x)-(c-x) 4 (Ieex) (Hey (1+er) ~(iex)e(e=x) _, a RHS ‘Hence given equation is the solution of given diff equation 16. Verify hat y=log(x+i" +a") satisfies the differential equation Sexton de Sol. Given equation is y=log(x+viP Fa") é vate t Differenting both sides w.rt x we get wo Now. LHS. =(x? +a eee = (F +0 Jee =RHS Hence given equation is the solution of given differential equation 17. Verify that y=e** is a solution of the differential equation oa Dy 0 Sol. Given equation is y=e™* @(ii) Gi) =9-e* 3-6" —G-e =0=RHS Hence y=e™ isa solution ofEXERCISE 18C (Pg.No.: 910) 1, From the differential equation of the family of straight liens y-=mx-+e , where m and c are arbitrary constants Sol. Given equation is y=mr+e This is the required differential equation 2. From the differential equation of the family of concentric circles x° +)" parameter Sol. Given equation is Differentiating both sides w.r.t x:welhave +L(y))=0 + Where a>0 andaisa > 2re2y Bao so xry& de de Thisis the required/differential equation 3. Form the differential equation of the family of cruves y=asin(bx-+e) where a and c are parameters Sol. Given equationis y=a-sin(br+e) “ Differentiating both sides wort x we get Be abvos(beve) i) Differentiating both sides w rt x we get ab*-sin(be+e) ay op fp cd ln om R= pry 4, Form the differential equation of the family of curves x=Acosnt+Bsinnt, where A and B are arbitary constants Sol. Given equation is:x = A-cosnt + Bsin mt @ O this is the required differential equation > « =-nA'$in nt +nB cosm ? Acosnt— Bsinat => sf {Acosnt + BSinnt} => oats =0 this is the required differential equation 5. Form the differential equation of the family of curve y= ae", where a and b are arbitary constants Sol. Given equation is y=a-e* @> y de de de\y. This is the required differential equation 6. Form the differential equation of the family of curve y” 2°) where a and m are parameters Sol. Given equation is y* = m{a*~x°) @ Differentiating both sides wrt x we'get oy 2m (g)-~ ca de d vita This is the required differential equation 7. Form the differential equation of the family of curve given by (x-a)' +2)" where a is an arbitary constant Sol. Given equation is (x-a)’ +2)” i At ary 240 -2y' aay ate dk ay This is the required differential equation of the equation 8. Form the differential equation of the family of curve given by x° +y* ~2ay: where a is an arbitary constant Sol. Given family at waves is x° + y* -2ay = w ay Differentiating @) wert x we get 2x-+2y-4°—2a ie ib deSol 10. Sol. a de cy de xty Putting this value of a in equation (i) we have x* +»? ~2y- This isthe required differential equation Form the differential equation of the family of all circles touching the y-axis at the Origin ‘Equation of the family of all circles touching the y-axis at the origin is given by (x-a) sya? 3 8 -2ar+a 4yF =x ty -2ar=0 =v tyinzar 21% <9 ¥ Differentiating both sides dy x de 9 ay ansayi wm rforeae are ra Bs a This is the required differential equation +2 eo From the differential equation of the family of circles having centers on the y-axis and radius 2 units Equation of family of circles having contres on the y axis and radius 2 units is given by ¥4(y-a) =4 0 Differentiating both sides wird. x we get= (y-a) 3) Ko.0) dy/de From (i) and (ii) we have x" 4 re __4 er a This is the required/ifferential equation 11. Form the differential equation of the family of circles in second quadrant and touching the ~~~ axes Sol. The equation’of.the given family of circle is (x +a)’ +(y—a) @ From (and (iy we have [ yd = ae | {2 ae | esl Ho1 3 (ax tet ai) Home my 3 (xt) +2) =(e+ 905° => (x+y) This is the required differential equation 12. Form the differential equation of the family of circles having centers on the x-axis and radius unity Sol. The equation of given family of circle is (x—a) +)" @ Differentiating both sides w.rt x, we get 2(x-a)+2yy, =0> x-a=0yy, Gi) y From (i) and (ii), we have (-yy,)' +)” =1 Syyty =r SoMfityi}er ovi{S)) This is the required differential equation 13. From the differential equation of the family of circles passing through the fixed-points (a,0) and (-a30) where ais the parameter Sol. The general'equation fa circle is x° +? +2gr+2fv+e=0 @ If it passes through the points A(-a,0)- and 8(a,0) wehave a” —2ga+e=0 Gi) And a? +2gate=0 Adding (ii) and (ii), we get 2(a”+c)=0 >a? +e=0 >= Gi) Putting =a in (iii), we get 2ga=0 > g=0 Putting =0 and c =-a" in (i), we get 4 +2fr-a° 30... (iv) where fis the parameter Differentiating (V) w.r-. x we get 2x+2yy, +2, =0 = fy x+y) oye v 2y(xr9y) a 0 (#9? =a")y, = 287 14, Form the differential equation of the family of parabolas having vertex at the origin and axis along positive y-axis Sol. ‘The equation of the given family of parabolas is given by x° —4ay 0 Differentiating (i) both sides w.rt x, we have 2x= sae oe il) Putting this value of fin (iv) we'get => xy, + yy, -2ay-2)*y =From (j) and (ii) we have 2 ® 5,Bory de de ‘This is the required differtial equation 15. Form the differential equation of the family of ellipses having foci on the y-axis and centre at the origin Sol. The equation of family of ellipses having centre at the origin and foci on the y-axis is given by 2 > dys, 4 16. Form the'differential equation of the family of hyperbolas having foci on the x-axis aiid/centre at the origin Sol. ‘The equation of the family of hyperbolas having foci on the x-axis and centre at the origin is given by (@gwhere aland b are the parameters, Differentiating (i), w.r.t x , we get me i Pi=0 oF