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d"Nofªsg ubf{ klg cfd gful/ssf] lxtsf nflu rflng] sbd txnfO{ lbg' kg]{ x'G5. tof/ ug{ dfu{ lgb{]zg t u/]s f] 5 :yfgdf ;~rflnt pBf]ux? h'g;'s}
jf agfO{g] of]hgfx?df ;xsfo{ cfjZos 5. h'g s'/f cfk;df : yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g t/ gu/kflnsfx? o:tf] dfkb08nfO{ a]nf klg aGb ug'{ kg]{ ca:yf x'g
@) &$ n] : y f gLo cl en] v cfTd;fy ul//x]sf] b]lvb}g. hfG5 eg] sf7df08f} pkTosf eGbf
Pstf / d]nldnfks} dfGotf cg';f/ cufl8 a9\g ;S5. Joa:yfkg, ;fF:s[lts jf ko{6sLo sf7df8f} F pkTosfsf] jfo' afl x/sf zx/ Pj+ zx/ pGd' v
To;}n] klg Pstf lbj; ;femf dfGotf x'g' cfhsf] cfjZostf 3f] i f0ff, gu/ k|x /L, ufpF jf gu/ k| b " if0fhGo ;| f] tx?sf] j[l 4 tyf uf pF k f l ns f x?n] klg a ] n } d f
xf]. d'n'sdf cfh cg]s ;d:ofx? 5g\. gofF Joj:yfsf ?kdf ;/;kmfO ;DaGwL, ;xsf/L ;+ :yf ltgLx?n] pT;h{g ug]{ k|b"if0fsf] pRr dfkb08sf] k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'
cEof; ug{ yflnPsf] ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjog gofF cEof; eO/x]sf] ;DaGwL, :yfgLo s/ ;]jf z'Ns tyf dfqfn] ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L k| b "l ift kg]{ x'G 5 t/ Totftkm{ klg pkTosf
5. /fhgLlts bnx?sf] cfGtl/s u'6pku"6sf] snx a9\bf] 5. b:t' /, :yfgLo ;] jfsf] Joa:yfkg, eP sf ] b] l vG 5. pkT o s fs f ] aflx/sf :yfgLo txn] ug]{ lqmofsnfk
:yfgLo tYofFs / clen]v , :yfgLo hg;+ Vofdf tLj| j[ l4 ;Fu } j9]s f] cFWof/f]d f 9'Ëf xfg]sf] h:tf] cg'e't
cfˆ g} bn leq Pstf ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\. cfkm} gldNg]x?n] : t/s f l js f ; cf o f] h gf ty f zx/Ls/0f, cb'/bzL{, k|ofKt cWoog e}/x]s f] 5.
km/s dfGotf / l;4fGt af]s]sfx?;Fu ;xsfo{sf] ;Defjgf kl/of] h gf, cfwf/e' t lzIff tyf cg' ;Gwfg tyf k" j { tof/L a] u / dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf h]i7
olta]nf b]lvPsf] 5}g. g]kfnL /fhgLltdf klxnf] k6s b'O{ dfWolds lzIff, cfwf/e' t :jf:Yo ul/Psf ;/sf/L lg0f{ox?, s[lifof]Uo gful/s dGqfnon] dfga a]rljvg
ltxfO{sf] ;/sf/ agfpg] aLkL sf]O{/fnfnfO{ /fhgLlts l:y/tf / ;/;kmfO{, :yfgLo ahf/ Joa:yfkg, hl dgs f ] l g/Gt/ x| f ;, tyf cf];f/ k;f/ la?4sf] /fli6«o
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / h}ljs ljljwtf, pBf]uwGbfx?sf] :yfkgf, oftfoftsf ;ldltsf] ;b:o 5gf} 6 dfkb08
sfod ug{ g;s]sf] cf/f]kdf tTsflng /fhtGqn] jvf{:t u/]sf] :yfgLo ;8s, u|fld0f ;8s / s[lif ;fwgx?sf] a9\bf] rfk, ;fF 3'/f tyf @)&$ df s] l Gb|o Ho]i 7 gful/s
lyof]. clxn] b'O{ ltxfOsf] glhs k'u]sf] ;/sf/ bDe / ;8s Pj+ l;+rfO, s[lif tyf kz'kfng, cJojl:yt ;8s, cj}1flgs 6«flkms ;ldltdf ;b:osf] dgf]gog ;DaGwL
c+xsf/n] xf]Og d]nldnfkn] cufl8 a9\g ;s]dfq ;Dj[l4 s[lif pTkfbg Joa:yfkg, kz' :jf:Yo, Joj:yfkg Pj+ ;8s, 9n, vfg]kfgL dfkb08 @)&%, ;L=jL= cf/ sfo{qmd
;Dej 5. s[ifL k| ;f/sf] Joa:yfkg ;~rfng / h:tf ef}l ts k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf;n] afFs L % k]h df
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Ko"7fg gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v zfGtf cfrfo{ lhNnfsf afdkGyL dlxnf g]qL dWo]sL h'emf? ;lqmo dlxnf g]qL x'g\. Ko"7fg lhNnfsf] b'u{d ;fljssf] bfªjfª sf]naf]6df hlGdPsL pgL
cfk\mgf kl/jf/sf ;b:o tyf gft]bf/sf] k|efjsf] sf/0f /fhgLltdf rfv /flVyg\. 3/ glhs ljBfno geP klg pgsf] k9\g] rfxgfnfO{ /f]Sg ;s]g. b}lgs b'O{ 306f 6f9f k'u]/
lgDg dfWolds ljBfno txsf] cWoog pgn] ul/g\. Tof] ;do glhs dfWolds ljBfno gePsf] sf/0f c3f{vfFrLsf] h's]gfdf /x]sf cfkmGtsxfF a;]/ dfWolds lzIff k'/f ul/g.
To;kl5 cfOP txsf] cWoogsf] nflu a'6jn ax'd'vL SofDk; k'lug\. ToxLaf6 pgn] ;lqmo ?kdf ljBfyL{ /fhgLlt z'? ul/g\. Ko"7fg gu/kflnsfsf] @)&$ sf] lgjf{rgdf tTsfnsf]
g]skf Pdfn]af6 lgjf{lrt pkk|d'v cfrfo{;Fu Ko"7fg gu/kflnsfsf] GofoLs If]q tyf ljsf; lgdf{0f lqmofsnfksf] cg'udg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f nufot If]qsf ljifodf ul/Psf] s'/fsfgLsf]
– ;Dkfbs.
oxfFsf] hGd sxfF / slxn eof]] < u¥of} . GofoLs ;ldltn] x] g{ ;Sg] :yn, wfd{ L{s :yn jf cGo s' g} sf]xL ;/sf/L hUuf ldr]sf], b'O{6fsf] v8f u/]/ cfpg'x'G5 pxfFx ?. To;df
d]/f] hGd @)## h]i7 !% ut] d'2fx? s] s] x'g\, s] s] x}gg\ eGg] ;fj { h lgs :y nsf] pko f] u ug{ aLrsf] ;fwlsNnf, ?v lj?jfn] xfdLn] ljjfb lg?k0f ug{ ;sf}nf.
Ko"7fgsf] ;fljs bfªjfª uflj; xfn s'/fx? af/] ;r]tLs/0f ul//x]sf 5f}+. glbPsf] jf afwf k' ¥ ofPsf] , -8_ IftL u/fPsf]. b'O{j6f c+lzof/n] af6f] km]l/ klg pxfFx?sf] kfl/jfl/s ;DjGw
P]/fjtL ufpFkflnsf j8f g++ ! sf]njf]6 ljz] if u/] / !^ lbg] n} +lus lx+ ;f lju|g] vt/f x'G5. lxhf]sf] kfl/jfl/s
ufpFdf ePsf] xf]. lj?4s f] cGt/f li6« o lbj;sf] ;+/rgfsf sf/0f klg pgLx?nfO{ dfly
cWoog sxfFaf6 z'? eof] < cj;/df dlxnf lx+ ;f cGTosf] p7fpg] ljZjf;df sdL, pxfF x?s]f
k|flj :yfgLo ljBfnoaf6 k"/f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ ubf{. lx+;fsf ;flRrs} k/lge{/tfsf] sf/0f pgLx?
u/]. lgdflj cWoogsf] nflu d]/ f] cGT os f s ' / fx?;F u } G of oL s cfTdlge{ / x' g g;s] s f] sf/0fn]
hGd 3/af6 sl/j @ 306f lx8]/ ;ldltsf If]qflwsf/sf s'/fx? oL ubf{v]/L klg oL / o:tf ;d:ofx?
lgdflj k" /f u/]. To;kl5 dflj k9\g x'g\ eg]/ xfdLn] ;Fu;Fu} nu]sf 5f}+. d' Q m x' g ;s] s f 5} g g\ . Pp6f
ToxfFaf6 c3f{vfFrL uP. xfd| f] kfnfdf w] / } dlxnf sf] pkl :ylt ePsf] k|ltlglwd"ns tl/sfn] dfq} cfPsf
ToxfF dflj lyPg. r'8 f dfWolds sfo{ qmddf xfdLn] Tof] s' / fsf] 5g\ / sltko s'/fx? xfdL] s] klg
ljBfno h' s] gfaf6 @)$( ;fndf hfgsf/L u/fpg ;s]sf 5f}+. sd;] u/] s f 5f } eg] pxfF x ? nf O{
dflj k" /f u/]. sd GofoLs ;ldlt 5 / To;sf] cgf}krfl/s tl/sfn] ;DemfO{ a'emfO{
g]kfnL dlxnfx? /fhgLltdf cfpg If]qflwsf/ s] xf] eGg] ljifod o;f] gug' {xf];\ eg]/ pxfFx ?s]f 3/d}
cem} klg ;d:of 5. oxfF ljut dlxnfx?df cg'e"t ePsf] 5. 5f]6f] uP/ pxfFx ?nfO{ ;DemfO{ a' emfO{ u/]
nfdf] ;dob]l v ;lqmo x'g' x' G5 ;dodf s] x L dfG5]x ?sf] aLrd ;dfwfg ug]{ u/]sf 5f}+. ljz]if u/]/
/fhgLl td f n fUg oxfF n fO{ s] xfdL hfg ;kmn eof} eGg] dnfO{ of] kfl/jfl/s ;d:ofsf s' / fx?
s'/fn] k|]l /t u¥of] < nfU5. oxfF n] dlxnfsf] lx+ ;fsf] cln hl6n ?kdf cfpF 5g\. cln
d}n] lgdflj txdf cWoog ub}{ s'/fx? p7fg ug'{ePsf] 5. ljz]if ;+ j ] b gzLn If] q ePsf] sf/0fn]
ubf{ d] /f] c+s n dg's fGt cfrfo{ u/L lx+;f ;DjGwL d'2fx? xfdLn] ubf{ v ] / L pxfF x?sf uf] k gLotfsf
k| wfgk~r x' g'x ' GYof] . ljz]i f u/] / lg?k0f ug{ gkfpg] cj:yf 5. s'/fx? x'G5g\. sltko dlb/f ;]jg
;fdflhs s'/fx?df k|ToIf pxfFx? s'6 lk6 / ufnL a]OHhtL lx+;fsf u/]/ s'6 lk6 u/]sf s'/fx? x'G5g\.
xfd|f] lgu/fgLdf /xg'eof]. Tolt a]nf k|f/lDes ?kx? x'g\ h:tf] nfU5. sltko c? k/k' ? if;F u n;k;
d] /f] lblb ljdnf cfrfo{ SofDk; o:tf d'4 fx? klg xfdLn] d]nldnfk u/]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf s'/fx? x'G5g\.
cWoog ug'{ x'G Yof]. pxfF n] ljBfyL{ dfq u/fpg] xf]. lg?k0f ug{ kfpFb}gf}. To;n] ubf{v]/L cln uf]Ko tl/sfn]
/fhgL lt ug' { x ' G Yof] . clg t' n zf of] GofoLs ;ldltsf] If]qflwsf/leq d]n ldnfk ug'{ k g] { ePsf] sf/0fn]
cfrfo{ eGg] lbbL pxfF klg /fhgLltdf kb}{g. d dlxnf ePsf] gftfn] klg Jo jxfl/s tl/sf n] pxfF x ?s f]
;+nUg x'g'x'GYof]. pxfF b'O{ hgf lblbsf] GofoLs If]qflwsf/ Pp6f s'/f 5. ;d:of ;df wfg ug{ xfdL btf{
k| efj dnfO{ k| ToIf ?kdf k¥of] . dl xnf x?nf O{ G o f o l bg' k 5{ gul/sg klg hfG5f}+. uf]klgotfsf]
pxfFx? b' O{ hgfn] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdf pxfFx?sf ;d:ofx? s] x' g\ eGg] s'/f klg ePsf]n] o:tf ljifox?df
sfd ug]{ ePsf] sf/0f To;sf] c;/ s' /fx?df pxfFx ?nfO{ Jojxfl/s cln ;+j] bgzLn eP/ hfg' k5{ eGg]
dnfO{ k¥of]. c+sn k|wfgk~r ePsf tl /sf a f 6 ;] j f l bg] p2] Z o n] ;ª\ 3 L o j f k| b ] z ldr]sf] ljjfb / xfdLnfO{ nfUof]. d gu/kflnsfdf
sf/0f klg pxfFsf] ;fdflhs sfd / gu/kflnsfn] GofoLs P]g klg kf; s f g" g n] : yf gL o ;DjGw ljR5] b, cfO;s] kl5 clwsf+ z d' 2fx? btf{
pxfF;Fu e]63f6 ug{ cfpg] dfG5]x?sf] ul/;s]s] f 5. dlxnfx? s;/L lkl8t txa f6 lg¿ k0f x' g] ljsf; jftf{ clg c+z j08f geO{ lgjf{ l rt hhk| l tlglw x?n]
;Dks{ ;dGjon] klg dnfO{ k|efj ePsf 5g\ eGg] s'/ fdf Jojxfl/s egL tf] s ] s f cG o h:tf d'2f /x]sf pxfFx?sf] 3/df uO{ Jojxfl/s ?kn]
kf¥of] . dfWolds ljBfnodf k9\ b} tl/sfaf6 pxfFx?;F u ;dGjo u/]/ ljjfb. oL ljjfbx?nfO{ d] nldnfkdf 5g\. ljz] if u/L xfdLn] lg?k0f ug]{ ;d: of ;dfwfg u/] s f] sf/0fn]
ubf{v]/L d] /f] k'mk'sf] 5f]/f c3f{vfFrLsf] sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+. hfg'kb}{g. t/ klg xfdLn] Jojxfl/s d'2fx? d]nldnfkaf6} lg?k0f ePsf gu/kflnsfdf d'2f btf{sf] ;+Vof sd
wgrf} / dfWolds ljBfnodf k| c sltko d fG5] n fO{ clx n] k lg ?kdf b'j} kIfnfO{ af]nfP/ ug{ kg]{5. 5g\ . clxn];Dd lg?k0f ug{ k/] sf] b]lvPsf] xf].
x'g'x'GYof]. pxfFsf] ;Dks{d f cln al9 cGof}ntf 5, Gofo lng sxfF hfg] clxn] ;Dd Ko" 7 fg gu/kflnsfdf 5}g. clxn];Dd !* j6f ljjfbx? oxfFn] d]nldnfk ePsf] eGg' eof],
ePsf] sf/0f klg pxFfsf] klg k|efj xf] < :yfgLo ;/sf/ ls cbfnt. lg?k0f ug{ kg]{ ph'/L cfPsf] 5}g. d] n ldnf k eO;s ] s ] f 5. Pp6f oL d ] n ldnfkx ? s;/L ePsf
k¥of]. pRr lzIff xfl;n ug]{ qmddf s' g s' g d' 2 fx? ox fF s f] csf]{ rflx d]ldnfkaf6 lg?k0f ug'{kg]{ c+zj08f / csf]{ ;DjGw ljR5]bsf] x' g\ <
a' 6 jn a x' d ' v L SofDk;df d} n ] If] qflwsf/leq kb{5g\ < ljjfbx?df – d]nldnfk eof] eg] d'2f cbfntdf uPsf] 5. clxn] af6f] xf d| f ] gu/kf l nsf df
cWoog u/]. ToxfF ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdf :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g lg?k0f x' G5 ePg eg] ;DjGwLt ljjfbsf] Pp6f k|lqmofdf /x]sf] 5. d]nldnfkstf{x? clxn];Dd pTkfbg
s f d u/] . T o ;s f ] lg/G t/tf @)&$ cg';f/ $& df pNn]v ePsf lgsfodf k7fpg] u5f} {. sf]xL k|x /L Pp6f rflx l5d]sLn] a+u'/ kfn]/ c;/ gul/;s]s f] cj:yf 5. Ps b'O{ j6f
clxn];Dd klg ePsf] 5 h:tf] nfU5. d'2fx?df -s_ cfnL w'/, afFw k}gL, k| zf;gdf, sf] x L cbfntdf tyf u¥of] eg]/ j8f g+= !) af6 cfPsf] s]zdf dfq klxnf ePsf ;fd'bflos
n} l + u s lx+ ; f tyf dlxnf lx+ ; f s'n f] jf kfgL3f6sf] afF 8kmfF8 tyf ;DjlGwt If]qdf l;kmfl/; ug]{ u5f}{. 5. d] n l dnf ks tf { a f6 cl ns l t
;DjGwL 36gfd f dl xn fx ? pkof]u, -v_ csfFsf] afnL gf]S;fgL ;fj{h lgs jf ;fd' bflos jfx] s ;fdfGo s' 6 lk6 hf] oxfF x ?sf] ;xhLs /0f u/] s f ] cj : yf 5.
cb fn t vf;} uPsf] b] l vb} g . u/]sf], -u_ r/g, 3fF;, bfp/f, -3_ Psfsf] xsef]u hUuf csf] {n] rfkL cl wsf/ If] q leq k 5{ , T o:tf cl xn] ; Dd xf dL n] l j j fbL t
clxn] GofoLs ;ldlt kflnsf Hofnf dhb'/L glbPsf], -ª_ 3/kfnj'f ldrL 3';fO{ vfPsf], ;fj{hlgs of d'2fx? k|x /L tyf cbfntlt/ t kIfx?nfO{ ;DemfO a'emfO{ u/L lkmN8d}
:t/df e Pk l5 kl g dl xn fn ] kz'k+IfL x/fPsf] jf kfPsf], -r_ h]i7 ;fd'bflos afx]s cfk\mgf] xs gk'Ug] vf;} hfg ;s] s f] b] l vb} g uP/ x] g] {, pxfFx ?nfO{ sfof{ n odf
:yfgLo ;/sf/af6 Gofo kfpg] gful/ssf] kfngkf]if0f tyf x]/rfx c?sf] hUufdf 3/ jf s'g} ;+/rgf ;fdflhs sf/0fn]. o:tf d'2fx? af]nfP/ klg d]nldnfk ug]{ u/]sf 5f}+.
cj:yf s:tf] 5 < gu/]sf], -5_ gfafns 5f]/f 5f]/L jf agfPsf], ktL kTgLaLrsf] ;DjGw gu /kfl nsflt/ slQsf] cfp g] xfdLn] sf] sf] lt/ nfUg] eGbf klg
ljz] i f u/] / clxn] pkk| d ' v klt-kTgLnfO{ hl{\t cfdb cg';f/ vfg ljR5]b, Ps jif{ ;Dd s}b x'g;Sg] u/]sf] 5 < o ;s f ] l gsf ; s ] xf ] t eg] /
eP/ GofoLs ;ldltsf] If]qflwsf/nfO{ nfpg jf lzIff lbIff glbPsf], -h_ s ' 6 l k6 c+ u e+ u a f x] s , uf nL s' 6 lk6sf] d' 2fx? xfdL;F u pxfF x ?nfO{ g} 5nkmndf ;xefuL
axg ub}{ ubf{ GofoLs ;ldltn] x]g{ jflif{s kRrL; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] j]OHhtL, n' 6kL6, 5f8f rf}kfofx? cfPsf] 5} g. kfl/jfl/s ?kdf lx+;fdf agfP/ pxfFx ?af6} lgsf; lgsfNg]
kfpg] d' 2f :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng lauf] ePsf] 3/ axfn / 3/ axfn 5f8]/ nfk/jfxL u/L c?nfO{ c;/ k/]sf s'/ fx? cfPsf] 5}g. cem} klg s fo { u/] s ] f cj :y f 5. xf d| f
P]g bkmf $& sf] ! / @ sf] d'2f xfdL ;'ljwf, -em_ cGo JolQmsf] 3/, hUuf k'¥ofPsf] 5 eg] csf{sf] xs ef]udf xfd|f] ;+/rgf t pxL t xf] gL. w]/} d] n l dnfks tf { x ? geO;s ] s f ]
x]g{ kfpF 5f}+. ! df pNn]v 5 – GofoLs jf ;DkltnfO{ c;/ kg] { u/L ?v /x]sf] hUufdf cfjfb jf ef]urng lrhx?n] xfdLnfO{ 3]/]sf] 5. ph'/L cj :y f df k| f lj l w s tl /sf n]
;ldltnfO{ lg?k0f ug]{ clwsf/sf la?jf nufPsf], -`_ cfˆgf] 3/ jf u/] sf], WjgL k|b'if0f u/L jf kmf]x f]/ ug{ hfg] To;kl5 kms]{/ cfP/ sxfF d]nldnfk ug{ ;s]sf 5} gf}+. xfdLn]
If]qx? /x]sf 5g\. @ gDj/df GofoLs an] ;Laf6 csf{ sf] 3/, hUuf jf d} n f ˆo f sL l5d] s L nfO{ c;/ a:g] eGg] s'/fsf] ;d:of km]l/ klg of ] j if{ s f] ah] 6 a f6 d] n ldnfk
;l dl tnf O{ d] n l dnfkdfkm{ t dfq ;fj{hlgs af6f]df kfgL emf/]sf], -6_ k' ¥ofPsf] . k| rlnt sfg' g adf]l hd dlxnfx?df 5. 5f]/f5f]/L ;fydf 5g\. kl/ifb\af6} dfGotf k| fKt :gfts tx
To;sf] lg?k0f ug]{ If]qflwsf/ /x]sf] ;Flwof/sf] hUuftkm{ ‰ofn /fvL 3/ d]nldnfk x'g ;Sg] JolQmjfbL eO{ tLgLx?nfO{ sxfF nu]/ hfg] eGg] plQ0f{ u/]sfx?nfO{ g} Tof] tflnd k|bfg
5. clxn] lgjf{l rt k| l tlglwx? agfpg' kbfF sfg"g adf]lhd 5f]8\g'kg]{ bfo/ x'g] cGo b]jfgL / Ps jif{;Dd s'/fx? klg 5. kfl/jfl/s ;DjGw ul/;s] k5fl8 cem To;n] ;xof]u
:yfgLo ;/sf/df cfO/xbf ;j{ q kl/df0fsf] hUuf g5f]8L agfPsf], - s}b x'g ;Sg] kmf}hbf/L ljjfb lju| g] 8/n] clxn] ;Dd ph'/ ug{ u5{ eGg] s'/f xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5.
rf;f] s f] ljifo s] 5 eg] xfdLn] 7_ s;}s f] xs jf :jfldTjdf eP clx n] s' g k | s [ l tsf d ' 2 fx ? lxDdt gu/] sf s] zx? klg 5g\ . Tof] tof/Ldf xfdL 5f}+.
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lr;f]df ;'Gtnfn] k'¥ofp“5 oL !) kmfObf :yfgLo txsf] dfkb08 =========================================
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df lg;x¿ ;' G tnfeG bf le6fl dg lduf}{n f :j:y /fV5 hf]u fpF 5g\. $ = l go Gq0f –pkf o / l tgs f ]
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?3fvf]sL, Hj/f] / d'6'sf] /f]uLnfO{ dfqf 36fpF5. /Qmrfk lgoGq0f u5{ ;/sf/n] hn;| f ]t P]g @)$( sf] (= pkef]Qmf ;Gt'li6 klxrfg
kmfObf k' ¥ofpF5. To:t} 8l08kmf]/ tyf d'6 ' alnof] a gfpF5 ;' G tnfdf kfOg] ˆnfef] gf] O8 clwsf/ k|o f] u u/L tof/ u/]s f] !)= b:tfj]h tof/L / vfg]kfgL ;'/Iff
vl 6 /f , l gdf ] l go f, kf Ol/o f , ;' G tnf df kf ] 6 f l ;do / x] : k]l /l8g / DofUg] l ;odn] pRr /fli6« o vfg] k fgL u' 0f:t/ dfkb08 of]hgfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg
Zjf;k| Zjf;sf] ;d:of, 6fOkmfO8, On] S6«f] nfO6 ldg/n x'G5g\. logn] /QmrfknfO{ lgoGq0f u5{. @)^@ n]] u|fdL0f tyf zx/L If]qdf df ly pN n] l vt ;fgf ]
dw'd ]x / pRr /Qmrfksf /f]uLnfO{ d' 6' s f] ultljlwnfO{ ;'r f? /fvL 5fnfs f] ;'/ If f u5{ bz aif{ leqdf ;' /lIft vfg] kfgL l qmof snfknf O{ dfq W of g lbO
klg ;' G tnf sf] ;] j g nfebfos o;nfO{ :j:y /fVg d2t k'o f{pF5g\. ;'Gtnfdf a]6f-Sof/f]l6g kfOG5. k'¥ofpg] nIo /fv]sf] 5. pQm nIo sfo{ljlw, P] g lgod lgdf{0f ug] { /
dflgG5. o;n] /S;Lsf] ntnfO{ klg kf]6fl;odsf] sdLn] d'6';DaGwL /f]u of] pQd PG6L clS;8]G6 xf]. o;n] k| fKt ug{ /fli6«o vfg]kfgL u'0 f:t/
o;n] sd ug{ ;S5. nfUg] u5{ . h' g ;' G tnf vfgfn] 5fnfnfO{ rlDsnf] agfpF5. To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg] xf] eg]
dfkb08n] lj leGg lgs fox? sf] cfd gful/sn] /fxt kfpg ;Sb5g.
So fG;/sf ] hf ]l vd 36fpF5 /f]lsG5. :jf:Yo vj/ klqsfaf6. lhDd]jf/L] klg tf]s ]s f] 5. zx/L
xfdLn] ;+ 3Lotfsf] avfg / ufpFufpFdf
lj sf ; dG qf no , :j f: Yo tyf
hg;+ V o f dG qfno n] vf g] k f gL l;+xb/jf/sf] clwsf/sf] gf/f p/fn]/
;DaGwdf bzj6f lqmofsnfknfO{ dfq x'Fb}g a}1flgs / tYout cfwf/x?
;d]6g' kb{5 eg]sf] 5 h;nfO{ lgDg v8f ub}{ uPdf g} o;n] ;fy{s tf
adf]lhd x]g{ ;lsG5 kfpg] xf]. ;/sf/sf] dfkb08 o;df
!= vfg]kfgL ;'/Iff of]hgf 6f]nL u7g klg k5{ ls <

3/hUuf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] ;"rgf


k|:t't ljifodf Ko"7fg lhNnf Ko"7fg gu/kflnsf j8f g+= @ lgjf;L >L uf]ljGb
ljZjsdf{sf]n] o; sfof{nodf lbg'ePsf] lgj]bg cg';f/ gLhsf] gfddf /x]sf]
Ko"7fg gu/kflnsf j8f g+= @ ;fljs bfvfSjf8L uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ! df /x]sf]
lsQf g+= &&!, &&$ qmdzM ^$, ^$) ju{ld6/ hUufsf] lgDg cg';f/sf] rf/
lsNnf /x]sf] Joxf]/f l;kmfl/; ul/G5. ;fy} pQm lsQfdf 3/ agfpFbf rf/
lsNnfleq kg]{ ;lwof/x? tyf ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ c;/ kg]{ gkg]{ jf hUuf
ldlrPsf] eP of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq lgodfg';f/ bfjL
lj/f]w ;lxt lgj]bg k]z ug{ of] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .
j8f g+= lsQf g+= rf/ lsNnf ;fljssf ;lwof/x?
@ k" j{ af6f]
@ klZrd s'naxfb'/ /fptsf] hUuf
@ pQ/ b'u{axfb'/ lj=s=sf] hUuf
@ blIf0f gf/fo0f /fptsf] hUuf

Ko"7fg gu/kflnsf Ko"7fg gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no


ljh'jf/, Ko"7fg
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no
ljh'jf/, Ko"7fg dfnkf]t sfof{no vn+uf Ko"7fgsf]
gfd;f/L ;DjGwL #% lbg] ;"rgf Û
l;njGbL b/efpkq cfx\jfgsf] ;"rgf Û
pk/f]Qm ;DjGwdf Ko"7fg lhNnf Ko"7fg g=kf= j8f g+= * ;fljssf]
wdf{jtL uf=lj=;= j8f g+= % a:g] h=w= 8Dj/ axfb'/ s]=;L= sf] cljjflxt
k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&^÷)(÷!! cj:yfd} ldlt @)%*÷)$÷)# df d[To' ePsf] xf]. lgh d[ts h=w= 8Dj/
k|:t't ljifodf, o; Ko"7fg gu/kflnsfsf] rfn' cf=j= @)&^÷)&& sf] s[lif axfb'/ s]=;L= sf] a'af 9'08 axfb' / s]=;L= sf] klg ldlt @)$@ ;fndf
d[To' ePsf] xf]. eg] cfdf l/df s]= ;L= sf] klg ldlt @)#@ ;fndf d[To'
tkm{sf] s[lif ofGqLs/0f cg'bfg sfo{qmd %)Ü cg'bfgdf -l6n/, ldgL l6n/, ePsf] xf]. b'j} d[ts bDkQLaf6 @ efO{ 5f]/f ! Ps 5f]/Lsf] hfohGd
ePsf]df 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx e} ;s]sf] / b'O{ efO{ 5f]/fx? h]7f] d[ts h=w=
y|];/, /f]6fe]6/, sg{ ;]n/, xj{]:6/ cflb_ s[ifsx?nfO{ lat/0f ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] 8Dj/ axfb'/ s]=;L= / sfG5f] kbd axfb'/ s]=;L= sf] a'af d[ts 9'08
OR5's sDkgL tyf Pu|f]e]6x?n] o; ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #) lbg axfb'/ s]=;L= sf] Psdfq kTgL cfdf l/df s]=;L= af6 cf–cfˆgf] gfddf
c+z lnO{ a;]sf]df h]7f] 5f]/f d[t s h=w= sf] cljjflxt cj:yfd} d[t'
leq sfof{no v'n]sf] lbg ljxfg !)M)) b]lv a]n'sf $M)) ah] ;Dd o; ePsf] / d[ts h=w= 8Dj/ axfb'/ s]= ;L= nfO{ kfng kf]if0f, d[To' kl5
sfhlqmof ;+uf]nsf] efO{ lgj]bs kbd axfb'/ s]=;L= n] u/]sf] xf] egL
Ko"7fg gu/kflnsfsf] s[lif zfvfdf lznjGbL b/efp kq k]z ug'x'g ;"lrt bfh' 8Dj/ axfb'/ s]=;L= sf] gfddf sfod /x]sf] wdf{jtL uf=lj=;= j8f
g+= % sf] ls=g+= @(* sf] hUuf d Psf ;+uf]nsf] efO{ lgj]bs kbd axfb'/
ul/G5 . s]=;L= sf] gfddf Psnf}6L gfd;f/L u/L kfpF egL o; sfo{fnodf ldlt
@)&^÷)(÷)( ut] lgj]bg btf{ u/]sf]n] o; sfof{noaf6 gfd;f/L ;DjGwL
tklzn #% lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5. o;df cGo xsbf/ eP of] ;"rgf
k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq o; sfof{nodf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'xf]nf.
!= l6n/, @= ldgL l6n/ #= y|];/, $ /f]6fe]6/, %= sg{ ;]n/, ^= xj]:6/ cGoyf lgj]bs kbd axfb'/ s]=;L= sf] dfu bfjL adf]lhd gfd;f/L e}
k|dv
' k|zf;sLo clws[t hfg] Joxf]/f ;"lrt ul/G5.
df08jL @)&^÷)(÷!% d+unjf/ ^

dx]Gb| aLkLsf] ;DjGw / JolQmTjsf] 6Ss/


k|jf;df ;+u7Lt g]kfnL /fli6«o cj:yfdf o'j/fh dx]Gb| ls klxnL ly P. d} vf G5' , d} nf pF 5 ' , d} ! sf] 36gf 36\g] l:ylt gcfPsf] eP
sf+ u | ] ;, k| h fkl/ifb\ s f ] u7g Pj+ kTgL OGb| /fHo nIdLsf] lgwg x'g sdfpb5' eg]/ g t /fhf dx]Gb|n] nfdf] ;do ;Dd /fh;+:yf /lx/xg]
g]kfndf /x]sf] tTsfnLg /f0ff ;/sf/ uof] eg] pgsf] lgwg kZrft\ /fhf ;f]Rby] g aLkL sf] To:tf] vfnsf] x'g;SbYof]. /fhf dx]Gb|nfO{ nfUof]
la?4sf] cfGbf]ng alnof] agfpFg dx]Gb|sf] /Tg /fHo b]jL ;Fu ulx/f] dg;fo lyof]. b'a} phf{jfg, b'j}sf] aLkL cfk"m n] eg]s f] dfGg'kb{5. eg]
g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] :yfkgf / To; kf6L{n] k| ] d lyof] . To; ;do aLkL s} rfxgf k|ToIf g]t[Tj lbg] g} lyof]. aLkL klg v'?v'? /fhfn] eg] sf] dfGg]
;~rfng u/]sf] ultljlw tTsfnLg k|of;df /Tgsf] ljjfx ;DkGg x'Fbf /fhf dx]G b| klg sd a'l4dfg / rt'/ :jefjsf lyPgg\.
/fhf lqe'jgn] /fd|/L cwoog u/]sf /fhf lqe' jg 5f]/fsf] ljjfxsf s'g} lyPgg\. pgsf] rfxgf klg kf6L{ vf]Ng] cfk"m hgtfaf6 lgjf{ lrt eP/
cfPsf] k| l tlglw lsg bJg] eGg]
:jfledfg g} b' j } aLr emu8fsf]
sf/s aGg k'Uof]. Tof] a9\b} a9\b}
uof]. aLkL hgtfsf 5f]/f, hgtfs}
nflu n8\g] b]z :jtGq agfpFg], b]zsf]
sdn kf]v|]n
ljsf; gofF tl/sfn] ug]{, cfk"m h:t}
dWod :t/sf] cfo ePsf] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ y'lgof].
sNkgf ug] { lrGtgsf lyP. pgsf] @)!& kf}i f ! sf] 36gf 36fOof] .
:jefj hgtf;Fu ldNg] ub{Yof]. aLkL o;sf] d' Vo sf/0f g t /fhf dx]Gb|
nfO{ e]6 g ;dsnLg g]tfx?n] ;do g} /fi6«3ftL lyP g t aLkL g} . oL b'j}
lng'kb}{gYof] eg] /fhfsf] cul8 k'u]sf] g]tfsf] 6Ss/ Pp6} h+unsf alnof
dlg; pgsf] cf1f ljgf s';L{df a:g b'O{ af3sf] n8fO em} eof] . g /fhf
;d] t ;Sb}gYof]. /fhfn] g;f]w] ;Dd xfg]{ g aLkL t/ /fhf ;Fu ;}G o zlQmsf]
s'/} ug{ ldNb}gYof]. aLkL;Fu cfk"mnfO{ an lyof]. To;} n] @)!& ;fnsf]
nfu]sf] s'/f dHhfn] eGg kfOG5. aLkL 36gf 36fP.
sf] laz]i ftf ;dsfnLg g]tf sfo{stf{ aLkL s[i0f k|;fb, u0f]zdfg /
eGbf pgsf kl/jf/hg;Fu ;DjGw k|ltkIf bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ y'g], /fhfn]
;Dks{ / al9 dfofF uy]{. ;fyLefOsf] gf}nf] k~rfotL Joj:yf NofP. s]xL
3/df a;] / vfgf vfg] b'M v ;'Mvsf sf+ u| ]; / sDo' lgi6sf g] tfx?nfO{
s'/f ug]{ vfnsf] lyof] eg] /fhf To:tf] k"m6fn]/ Joj:yfleq k|j]z u/fP. otf
ug{ ;Sb}gy]. of] /fhf / aLkL aLrsf] aL kL / g] k fnL s f+ u | ] ; k| h ftGq
k'g:yf{kgfy{s f] nflu ;w}–;w} ;+3if{
juL{o b"/ L lyof]. ub} {– ub} { cufl8 a9] . /fhf dx] Gb|
aLkL hgtf k|lt pQ/bfoL x'Gy] lhljt x'F b} / /fhf lj/]Gb|s f] kfnfdf
t/ /fhf eGg] d]/f] k|wfgdGqL d k|lt klg k~rfotnfO{ ;+zf]wg ub}{ cufl8
pQ/bfoL x'g'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] ;f]r a9fpFg] k| of; ubf{ ub}{ /fhf dx]Gb|sf]
x' g ] ub{ Y o f ] . o ; cl 3 a g] s f :juf{/f]x0f eof]. /fhf lj/]Gb| /fhb/jf/
lyP. To;f] t aLkL sf lktf s[i0f sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ePgg\. aLkLn] / cfjZos k/] To;sf] dfWodaf6 k|wfgdGqL em} aLkL klg xf]pg\, d}n] xTofsf08n] pgsf] j+z ;d]t gfz
k| ;fb sf]O/fnfsf] kl/jf/ ;kl/jf/ o'j/fh d]xGb|nfO{ ;fy lbPsf lyP. cufl8 a9\g] lyof] eg] aLkL klg k"0f{tM eg]sf] dfg'g\. d k|lt pQ/bfoL xf]pFg eof]. dx]G b| lhljt x'Fbf g t dx]Gb|n]
ljb]lzg' / k|jf;sf] z/0f lng' klg /fhf lqe' jg dx]Gb|sf] ljjfx /Tg;Fu /fhf la/f]wL lyPgg\ eg] dx]Gb| /fhtGq eGg] s'/f aLkL af6 geP kl5 /fhfdf s'g} ;do klg aLkLnfO{ cof]Uo b]v].
/fhgLlts sf/0f g} lyof] . /fhf kl/0ft ug{ ;d]t tof/ lyPgg\. o;} lj/f]wL xf]Ogg\. pgLx?sf] aLrdf w]/} lr;f] k:b} hfg yfNof]. /fhf dx]Gb| / a? aLkL k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf nfu" u/]sf
lqe'jgn] dft[sfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, aLkL aLrdf tTsfnLg jxfnjfnf dGqL ;dfgtf x'F bfx'Fb} klg leq leq} ;+3if{ aLkLsf] b]z bz{g e|d0f b' j} Ps ;fy /fd|f w]/ } sfo{qmdx? lg/Gt/tf ;d]t
sf]O/fnfsf] JolQmTj /fd| /L cWoog dxfjL/ z+ z]/ nufotn] dx] Gb| sf] a9\b } hfg yfof]. /fhf dx] G b|s f] ePsf] ;dodf a LkL sf] :jfut lbP. aLkLn] klg d]xGb|nfO{ s'g} ;do
u/]sf lyP. lqe'jg klg sd rnfv 7fpFdf pgs} efO lxdfno zfxnfO{ cfk\ m g} JolQmTj lyof] . aLkLsf] ;TRsf/ /fhfnfO{ eGbf klg al9 x'g' klg cgfbf/ u/]gg\.
lyPgg\. To; ;do g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ o'j/fh lw/fh agfpFg] if8\oGq z'? JolQmTjn] Plzofd} prfOdf k'U g klg pgnfO{ kfRo ePsf] lyPg. /fhf dx] Gb| /fi6«jfbL lyP. aLkL
;fyf glbg] xf] eg] g]kfndf /f0ffzf;g u/] . To;sf] nflu uf]/ vf b/jf/ nfu] sf] /fhgLlts j[Q d b]vf kg{ /fhfsf] b]z bz{g ubf{ x] /s k|hftGq /fi6«jfbL b'j} lyP. /fhf dx]Gb|
cGTo x'Fb }g eGg] pgnfO{ /fd| } ;Fu ;/;kmfO{ u/L tof/L cj:yfdf /fv]sf] yfn]s]fn] /fhf dx]Gb| / l5d]sL b]zsf ;b/ d'sfd, 6'/ d'sfdx?df aLkLsf] / aLkL sf] aLrsf] 6Ss/df /fhf
1fg lyof]. To:t} To:t} kl/j]z cufl8 aLkLn] of] if8\oGq yfx kfO{ pgL o'j/fh /fhgLlt1 ;d]t t;]{sf lyP. hoho sf/ Pj+ :jut cTolws x'g' dx]Gb|n] To; ;do xf/]sf] / aLkL n]
a9\ b} uof]. b]z aflx/ / b]z leq dx]G b| s f] kIfdf nfu] . dx] G b| nfO{ /fhfsf cufl8 aLkL / aLkLsf :jefljs} lyof]. /fhf k/Dk/fut /fh} lht]sf] eP g]kfndf nfdf] nfdf] ;do
/f0ff la/f]wL ;+u7gx? ;+u 7Lt x' Fb} cfZj:t kf/]. aLkLn] ;]gfsf] ;fy cufl8 /fhf ;dlk{t x'g] s' /f sNkg} lyP. bz{ g ug{ kfP :jfut hgtfaf6 ;Dd ;+ j } w f l gs /f htG q /xg
uP. lnP/ eP klg pQm if8\oGq k'/f x'g ug{ ;lsg] l:ylt lyPg. To; ;do x' g ] g} eof ] eg] aL kL l jl eG g ;SbYof] xf]nf. /fhb/jf/ xTofsf08n]
/fhf lqe'jg :j]bzaf6 ef/tLo glbg] ljZjf; o'j /fh dx] G b| n fO{ aLkLsf] JolQmTj s;}n] bjfP/ bljg] /fhgL lts bn dW o] hgtf af 6 /fhf lj/]G b|s} j+z gfz kZrft\ 1fg]Gb|
/fhb"tfjf; dfkm{t ef/tdf uP. otf lbnfPkl5 o' j/fh dx]G b| aLkL sf] vfnsf] lyPg prfO{s f] lzv/df lgjf{ l rt cfk\ m gf] k| tlglw cfˆg} g} /fhf x'g] / zfx j+zs} cGTo
tTsfnLg /f0ff ;/sf/n] dx] Gb|s f hf]lvd df]Ng] Ifdtfaf6 ;d]t kl/lrt k'u ]sf JolQmTjsf wgL :jfledfgL cufl8 kfpFbf v'zL x' g'nfO{ /fhfn] gl hls g] ly of] g t /fhgLl ts
cl:y/tfsf] sf/0fn] dfcf] jfbL åGå
dfOnf 5f]/ f 1fg]G b| n fO{ /fhul2df eP. pgsf] ;'/f] :jefjaf6 dx]Gb|sf] aLkL gt /fhf ;F u 8/fpFb y} gt krfpFg g;Sg' ;+:sf/ut rl/q dfGg}
d} d'n 's nfdf] ;do;Dd åGå df
/fvL /fHosf] ;Dk"0f{ afu8f]/ cfk\mgf] dgdf lr;f] klg k:of]. l5d] sL b] zsf] zlQm ;Fu g} pgL kb{ 5. km:g'k g]{ cj:yf g} cfpg] lyof] .
xftdf lnO{ /fHosf] zf;g ;~rfng /fhf lqe' jgn] dft[sf k|;fb e'mSbn]. rfs8L ug]{ k|j[l Q aLkLdf To; ;do lgjf{ l rt g] kfnL To;} n] ljut /fhgLlts cj:yfsf]
u/]. g]kfndf /f0ff la/f]wL cfGbf]ng sf]O/fnfnfO{ sfvL Rofk] eg] dx]Gb| lyPg. o;sf] ljkl/t b/jf/sf] sf+u|];sf g]tf sfo{stf{ Pj+ k|ltkIfsf ljZn]if0f ub}{ jt{dfgdf /fhgLlt ug]{
cufl8 a9\b} hfFbf ef/t ;/sf/sf] aLkL sf] ;fy kfO{ cufl8 a9\b} lyP. ;+:sf/df /f0ffsf] ;+utdf x's]{ sfn] g] tfx?sf aLrdf ;' d w' / ;DjGw zf;g ug] { x ?n] cfk" m / cfk\ m gf]
dWo:ytfdf /fhf, /f0ff / g] k fnL dft[sf s[ i0f k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf h]7L dx] Gb| gf]s / rfs/df ljZjf; ug{] sfod x'g g;Sg' , aLkLsf] pRr ;/sf/sf] xf/ eP klg b] zsf] xf/
sf+u|];sf] aLrdf ;Demf}tf eO{ @))& >dtLsf h] 7f 5f]/f lyP. aLkL sfG5L k| j[ QL x'g' :jefljs} lyof] . /fhf JolQmTjsf] cufl8 /fhf dx] Gb|n] xf/ gx'g] ;w} ;w} b]zn] lhTg] / g]kfnL
;fn kmfNu'0f & ut] /f0ff ;/sf/sf] k6\ 6 Lsf h] 7 f 5f] / f lyP. o;/L :jefljs} ?kn] cf1fsf/L dflg; vfg', sf+u |]; leq} kmf6f] NofpFg] k|j[lQ hgtfsf] enf] x'g] lzIff lng'kb{5.
;w}sf] nflu cGTo eof] . g] kfndf sf]O/fnf kl/jf/sf] aLrdf k"m6 NofP/ vf]Hby]. pgsf] gh/df ax; k|ltjfb a9\g', aLkLs} JolQmTj / :jfledfg bnut :jfy{ eGbf dfly p7\ g' kb{5.
gofF o'usf] yfngL k|htGqsf] :yfkgf /fhf lqe' jg cufl8 a9\ b} /x] sf] ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{ /fd|f] dfGb} gy]. o;/L s'g} l5d] sL g]tfx?sf] cufl8 e'mSg] aLkLn] xfg'{ eg]sf] hgtfn] xfg'{ lyof].
g] kfns} Oltxf;df gf}n f] ljxfgLsf] cj:yfdf pgsf] d[To' eof] . o'j/fh /fhfn] h] –h] eGb5g\ ToxL s'/f dfGg] k|j[lQsf] gx'g' aLkLn] /fhb/jf/ ;+usf] To;}n] hgtfsf] s'g} ;do klg xf/
pbo ePsf] xf]. dx]Gb| lqe'jg kl5 g]kfnsf /fhf eP. dfG5] aLkL lyPgg\. t/ /fhf / cfk"m ;DjG w df /f gL ;F u / cG o x'Fb}g. aLkLsf] b[li6sf]0f hgcsf+Iff
@) )& ;fnsf ] of ] lbNnL b] zdf ;/sf/ u7g lj36g x' F b } ldn]/ hfg'kb{5, k|hftGqsf] ljsf; b/j fl /o f ;F u s ' / f ubf { g] t f cg' ;f/ ePsf] n ] clxn] u0ftGq
;Demf} t f kl 5 /fhf l qe' j gsf ] cG ttM @)!% ;fns f ] cf d ug'{kb{5 eGg] dfGotfsf aLkL kIfkftL sfo{stf{;Fu h:t} u/L s'/f ub{y ]. cfO;Sof] / klg pgsf] cfbz{tf /
dlGqd08ndf aLkL sf]O/fnf u[x dGqL lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cTolws lyP. b'j} pRr ph{fjfg dxTjfsf+IfL To:t} u/L s' / f u/] s f] b/jf/nfO{ l;4fGt ;j{dfGo 5. aLkL cd/ g}
eP. /fhb/jf/, /fhkl/jf/;Fu pgsf] ax'dt NofO{ lhTof]. o;kl5 g]kfnL JolQmTjsf] aLrdf ldNgsf nflu k6Ss} dg kb}{gYof]. tLI0f af}lbstf /xg] 5g\. eg] @)!& kf}i f ! ut]
;DjGw uf9f x'Fb} hfg yfNof]. g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf aLkL sf]O/fnf cfw'lgs Pp6fn] Tofu b]vfpFg} kb{Y of]. /fhf / :jfledfgL ePsf JolQmTjsf wgL cf k" m nfO{ l jho / gj lgj f{ l rt
sf+u | ] ;sf ;efktL aLkL sf bfh' g]k fnsf hgjlgjf{ lrt k|w fgdGqL dx]G b| / aLkL aLrdf Tof] Tofu aLkL s'g} s;};Fu klg x]lkP/ a:g k|wfgdGqLnfO{ k/fho u/fpF g] /fhf /
dft[ s f k| ;fb sf] O/fnf Pj+ aLkL aGg k'u]. o;/L /fhf dx]Gb| / aLkL b]vfpFg ;Sg] l:ylt b]vf kg{ ;s]g. rfxb}gy]. /fhfsf] glhs x'F bf klg /fhj+z cfh Oltxf;df dfq c+lst
sf]O/fnf b'a}sf] JolQmTj;Fu kl/lrt b'j} phf{jfg t/ dxTjsf+IfL Pp6f b' j} aLr 6Ss/ 6Ss/s} aLrdf pgn] cfk\ mgf]kg sfod /fv]. cfk"mnfO{ 5. o:t} o:t} /fhgLlts 36gfaf6
tTsfnLg o' j/fh /fhf dx] G b| s f] k/Dk/fut /fhf / csf{ b] zsf] cufl8 a9\b} uof]. /fhf hGdhft ;w} hgk| l tlglw g} 7f g] . g] k fn lzIff lnb} aLkL sf] cfbz{ dfu{sf
;DjGw ;Dks{ b' a } g] tf;F u x' g] hglgjf{l rt k|wfgdGqL aGg k'u]. g] t[ T jdf :yflkt lyP eg] aLkL hf]ufpFg] xf] eg] ;/sf/ / d ldNg' kb lrGxx?sf] cg's/0f ug'{ g} @)##
cj;/ ldn]tf klg o'j/fh dx]Gb|n] aLkLn] /fhf dx]Gb|nfO{ ljZjf; hgtfsf aLrd k|lt:kwf{ u/]/ cfPsf kb{5 eGg] aLkL sf] egfO{ k|lt /fhf kf} i f !^ ut] ut] aLkL sf] O/fnf,
s[i 0fk| ;fb e§/fO{ , u0f]zdfg l;+ x
aLkL sf] JolQmTjsf] cWoog /fd|/L / k|efjdf /fVg hlt;'s} k|of; u/] lyP. of] s'/f /fhfn] ;dod} a'e\mg ;xdt ly Pgg\ . aLkLn] /fhfnfO{ nufotsf g]tf /fli6«o d]n ldnfksf]
u/] sf lyP. otf /fhf lqe' jgsf] klg kl/0ffd ;f]r] h:tf] ePg. /fhf rf x] g g\ . ;do d} a' e m] s f] eP cfk"m ;u t'n gf u/]s f] k6Ss} dg s fo { q md l nP / cf Ps f] l bgsf ]
dft[ sf k|;fb sf] O/fnf;F u ;Dks{ dx]Gb| / aLkL sf]O/fnf b'j} df b]zsf] pgLx?aLr a] d ] n x' g] ;Defjgf kb}{gYof]. /fhfnfO{ ;]gfsf] an lyof]. ;Demgfdf dgfOg] Pstf lbjzsf]
;DjGwdf klg sdL lyPg. nflu s]xL u/f}+ eGg] efjgf lyof]. gePsf] eP ;fob @)!& kf} if ! sf] aLkLnfO{ hg;dy{gsf] To;}n ] ;]gfsf] ;fy{ stf x'g] 5. aLkL k| lt ;Rrf
o : t} o : t} kl /l : y l thG o /fhgLltdf klg b' j} plQs} rnfv 36gf 36\ g] lyPg. @)!& ;fn kf}if an k|o]u u/]/ /fhfn] aLkL / ;a} >4f~hnL x' g hfg] 5.
df08jL @)&^÷)(÷!% d+unjf/ &
/sd e'QmfgL tyf k7fpg xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\
/flzkmn IMI k|e', lxdfn, l;6L dlg 6«fG;km/, gljn
/]ld6, l/nfojn /]ld6, j]i6 /]ld6, IME
@)@) df @( jif{ kl5 zlg u|x cfk\mgf] /fzLdf cfp“b} s'g s'g /fzLnfO{ kmfObf / xfgL
/]ld6, ;d;f/f /]ld6 nufot ljljw /]ld6af6
sf7df8f} F. dflg; b' O{j6f tfl/v ;g\ @)@)_ df zlgsf] /flz
7'nf zlQmsf] aLrdf x'G5. klxnf] kl/jt{g x'Fbf o;n] ;du| If] qdf k|efj
cfPsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug'{sf] ;fy} g]kfne/ /
a|X df08Lo zlQm, h;df u|x /flz kfb{5. nfdf] ;do kl5 cfˆgf] /flzdf ljZjsf ljleGg 7fpFdf xfdLdfkm{t lhNNffsf
tyf gIfq x?sf] k|efj lgTo ?kdf k| j]z ug]{ zlgn] gLlt / lgodnfO{ lgDg :yfgaf6 /sd k7fpg ;lsG5.
kl//x]sf] x'G5 eg] csf{] hldgaf6 alnof] agfpg] 5 5. b] zdf klg
cfpg] e" –r'DasLo t/Ë. oL b'O{j6f sfg'gsf nflu n8fOF / ax; x'g]5g\. vn+uf M dfnkf]t cufl8 ;Dks{ JolQm M d]u/fh k/fh'nL,
zlQmsf]a Lrdf /x]/ dflg;n] b}lgs u' ? a[ x :klt eGbf cufl8 kmf]g M )*^–$@)!!), (*$&*#*%!@
;+3if{ ul//x]sf x'G5g\. s;}n fO{ yf]/} /xgfn] klg s]x L kl/jt{ gsf] ;+s ]t
dR5L M ;Dks{ JolQm /rgf xdfn, kmf]g M (*$(%@@(@)
ldx]gt u/] klg /fd|f] kl/0ffd k|fKt Gofo If]qdf b]lvPsf] xf]. @( jif{
eO{/ x] s f] x' G 5 eg] s;} n ] s8f cl3 klg zlgn] oxL /flzdf uf]r/ lah'jf/ M ldqdl0f rf]s, ;Dks{ JolQm ;/:jtL k/fh'nL
kl/>d ubf { kl g ;f ] r ] c g' ;f / ubf{ kl/jt{g ePsfn] o;n] klg ToxL kmf]g )*^–$^)^&), (*$&*%!())
eO{/x]sf] x'Fb}g. olb sd{ dfq} u/]/ s' /f bf]xf]/fpg] ;+s] t b]lvPsf] 5. afUb'nf IME ;]G6/ dfkm{t ;Dks{ JolQm M l8NnL/fd k/fh'nL
;kmn x'g] xf] eg] sfd u/]sf hlt kmfu'g $ kl5 zlgsf] cfˆgf] /flzdf kmf]g )*^–$!)!#$, $!)!!), (*$&*@)^!^
;a}hgf ;'vL tyf cfgGb tl/sfn] kl/jt{g x'Fbf sl/a c9fO{ aif{ b]lv k/fh'nL dgL 6«fG;km/ afUb'nf Ko"7fg
hLjg latfpF y] . dflg; ;' vL of rln/x] s f] a[ if / sGof /flznfO{ yk ;]jf
b'l vt\ o;sf] kl/0ffd p;n] ug] { zlgsf] c9}of bzf ;dfKt x'g]5. nfdf] ;'/z
] rGb| l/hfn ljjfx kf6L{sf] nflu ufl8 l/hj{sf] Joj:yf 5 .
sd{df lge{/ /xG5. ;dob]l v /f]l sPsf sfd sf/f]a f/ ;lrj M blIf0f PlzofnL ;Dks{ JolQm M kbd k|;fb vgfn, kmf]g (*%&*##^!^
cfkm"n] s:tf] sd{ ul/Psf] 5, ;'rf? x'g]5g\. d'2f dfldnfsf ;Dk"0f{ Hof] ltif dxf;+ 3
To;sf] kmn ;docg';f/ ef] Ub} hfg' s'/ fx? ;f] r] cg';f/ g} ;kmn x'g]
kb{ 5 . sd{ k mnbftf zlgzf :qdf ;+s]t b] lvPsf] 5.o;} ;dodf :yfg kg] {5. n]gb]g a}gfaf6 u|x lgdf{ 0f
zlgsfaf/]df n]lvPsf y'k| } u|Gyx? kl/jt{ gs f] ;Def j gf x' g] x' F b f sfo{df cj/f]w x'g]5. ;fjwfg /x]/ tkfO{sf] 3/ cfugd} e/kbf]{ :jf:Yo ;]jf
5g\, h;df zlgnfO{ GofofwLzsf /flzcg' ;f/ stf hfF bf l7s x'G 5, sfd ug{'k g]{ x'G5.
?kdf JofVof ul/Psf] 5. zlgsf] ;Nnfx lnP/ lg0f{o u/]df kmnbfoL Ko"7fg lhNnfd} klxnf] k6s lghL If]qaf6 ;~rflnt g]kfn ;/sf/af6
wg' , ds/ tyf s'D e /flz dfGotf k|fKt :ju{4f/L nfO{km s]o/ xl:k6n k|f=nL= Ko"7fgsf] Jofkf/Ls s]Gb|
?k sfnf] 5, GofofwLzsf] pkflwsf x' g]5. zlgn] ljb] zL sf/f] jf/ ug]{ x'g] x?sf] qmdzM cGTo, dWo /
s f /0f n] s l xNo } klg zlgn] dflg;nfO{ laz]if nfe lbnfpg] 5. afUb'nf k'nrf]sdf cTofw'lgs pks/0f / bIf 8fS6/x?af6 cfw'lgs k4ltdf
cf4o ;f9] ;flt bzf /xg] xF 'bf o:tf] ;]jf ;'ef/De u/]sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}F .
dflg;nfO{ wf]vf lbFb} g, o;y{ ca:yfdf ;fawfg /x] / sfd ug]{
Gofofnodf sfnf] sf] 6 / ;]jfx? M
x'G5. zlgsf] bzfn] ;a}n fO{ v/fa @$ ;} 306f cfsl:ds ;]jf  la/fdL hfFr, hg/n d]l8l;g, hg/n
t/fh' /flvPsf] xf], Gofosf] ug] { eg] xf]Og. olb c9}o f tyf
nflu. zlgn] /fd|f] tyf g/fd|f] ;h{/L, k|;'tL tyf :qL /f]u, 5fnf tyf of}g /f]u, xf8 hf]gL{ tyf g;f /f]u, pRr
;f 9] ; f lt zl gs f ] bzf eP s f /Qmrfk tyf dw'd]x /f]u ;DjGwL ;]jfla/fdL egf{ ;]jf 
sfdsf] kl/0ffd t'?Gt} lbg] /f lzx? df kl g zl gu| x cf ˆgf]
x'gfn] dflg;n] zlgsf]af/]df cTofw'lgs pks/0faf6 @$ ;} 306f Nofj ;]jf  @$ 306f ;'ky d'Nodf
hDdnUg s'G8nLdf :ju[xL, ldqu[xL, cf}iflw lat/0f  cTofw'lgs d]lzgaf6 @$ ;} 306f lel8of] PS;/] ;]jf 
w] /} rf;f] /fVg] u/] sf] xf]. pRr /flz / #, ^, !! :yfgdf zlg
gju|x?df x/]s u|xn] s] kmn #)) PdPsf] PS;/] d]lzgaf6 PS;/] ;]jf d'6'sf] PS;/] O{=l;=lh= ;]jf
ePsf x?nfO{ eg] zlgn] /fd|f] kmn @$ ;} 306f clS;hg ;]]jf  kl/jf/ lgof]hg tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf 
lbg] eGg] s'/f lgwf{l/t x'gfn] lbg] 5. o:tf JolQmx?sf nflu
zlgn] Gofo ;DaGwL lhDdf ;fdfGo lr/kmf/ 8]l;Ë  uf7fu'7L tyf af];f]sf] 8Nnf kmfNg] ;]jf
zl gb] a n] z' e kmn k| b f g ug] {
kfPsf] xf]. x/]s dflg;n] slt 5g\ . zl g v/f a ca : yf df
b'v s:6 ef] U g' k5{ eGg] /x]s fx?nfO{ zlgsf] bzfdf em' §f ;a} :jf:Yo ;]jf Pp6} 5fgfd'g L
zlgsf] bzfaf6 lgwf{/0f x'G5. cf/f]k nfUg] cfn:o tyf dfgl;s
gju| x dWo] ;a} eGbf l9nf
lx8\ g] u|x sf ?kdf zlgnfO{ lng] nfdf] ;do ljb]zdf a;]s fx?nfO{
lrGtf a9\ g] , sfddf l9nf;' :tL, :ju{4f/L nfO{km s]o/ xl:k6n k|f=nL=
rf]6k6sf] of]u, ;lGrt wgsf] gfz Ko"7fg gu/kflnsf – * k"nrf]s Ko"7fg kmf]g M )*^–$^)##(, (&%*%)#^)%
ul/Psf] 5. eg] :jb]zLdf]xn] b] z lkmtL{ u/fpg] u/fpg] h:tf gs f/fT ds kmn
zlg Pp6f /flzaf6 k' gM ToxL 5. sl/a & jif{ ^ dlxgf;Dd zlgsf] ;f9];ftL tyf c9}of bzf ePsf]a]nf
/flzdf w'd]/ cfpg sl/j @( jif{ ;f9];flt bzf ef]u]sf j[l Zrs /flz k| efa kg] { 5. clgi6 kmnaf6
;do nufpF b 5. ;g\ @)@) df x' g ] x ? nf O{ k" 0 f{ ¿ kdf 5f] 8 \ g ] 5 . aRgsf nflu b]aLsf] k'hf :qLx?sf] k|To]s cleefjsn] vf]kaf/] hfGg}kg]{ s'/fx?
sl/a @( jif{kl5 zlg k'gM cfˆgf] ;f 9 ] ; f tL n] 5f ] 8 ] k l 5 ;Dk" 0 f { ;Ddfg zlgsf] bfg lkkndf hn
3/ oflgls ds/ /flzdf cfpFb} 5. sfdsf/f]a f/x? ;'rf? x'g] 5. To:t} r9fpg] zlg:tf] :qsf] kf7 u/fpg]  vf]k kfpg' k|To]s afnaflnsfsf] hGdl;4 clwsf/ xf] / vf]k ;]jf
zlgu|xnfO{ b'O{j6f 3/ k|f Kt ePsf] zlgsf] c9}of bzfn] ldy'g / t'nf of ug{ h:tf pkfo ckgfPdf s]xL lbnfpg' k|To]s cleefjssf] st{Jo klg xf] .
5, h'g ds/ / s'De /flz xf]. olx /flz x'g]x?sf nflu kmfu'g $ af6 cz'e kmnsd x'g] Hof]ltifL zf:qdf
@)&^ ;fn kmfu'g $ -km]a |'c/L !^ bzf ;'? x'g] xF'bf ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' pNn]v 5.  Ifo/f]u, Eofu't] /f]u, nx/]vf]sL, wg'i6+sf/, x]kf6fL{l6; la, x]df]lkmn;
OGk\mn'PGhf–aLaf6 x'g] Go'df]lgof / d]g]GhfOl6;, kf]lnof]dfOnfOl6;,
bfb'/f–?j]nf, lgdf]lgof / hfkflgh Og;]k\mnfO{l6; /f]ux?af6 arfpg
;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ hGd]sf] Ps jif{ leq} jL=;L=hL=, l8=lk=6L=–x]k
jL–lxj, kf]lnof], lk=;L=eL=, bfb'/f–?a]nf, cfO{=lk=le=, hfkflgh
O{G;]k\mfnfO{l6; vf]k clgjfo{ nufpg'k5{ . hfkflgh O{G;]k\mnfO{l6;
vf]k o; /f]usf] hf]lvd ePsf lhNnfx?df dfq nufOG5 .
 k| To]s dlxgf ;~rfng x' g] glhssf] vf] k s] Gb|df cfk\m gf
afnaflnsfnfO{ nuL vf]k nufcf}+ / hGd]sf] Ps jif{ leq} ;a}
vf]ksf] dfqf k"/f ug{ gljl;{cf}+ .
 afnaflnsfnfO{ Ps k6s vf]k nufO;s]kl5 csf]{k6s vf]k nufpg
cfpg] ldltaf/] :jf:YosdL{;Fu /fd|/L hfgsf/L lng] u/f}+ .
 vf]k sf8{ ;'/lIft /fvf}+ / k|To]s k6s afnaflnsfnfO{ vf]k
nufpg hfFbf vf]k sf8{ lnP/ hfcf}+ .
 s'g} aRrfnfO{ vf]k nufpg 5'6]sf] 5 eg] vf]k s]Gb| jf :jf:y
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no Ko'7fg ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ u/f}+ .
cg'/f]ws M gf}alxgL ufp“kflnsf
:jf:Yo zfvf afxg], Ko"7fg .
df08jL @)&^÷)(÷!% d+unjf/ Ko"=lh=sf=b=g+= % )^@÷^# lh=x'=b=g+= M # )&@÷&# *
lszf]/ lszf]/L d}qL ;]jf ======================================
eLdl;+x ltÍf/L g]tT[ jsf] 6f]ln lhNnfd} :jf:Yosf cGo ;'rsdf ;d]t ;'wf/ lszf]/–lszf]/Lsf] of}g tyf
cfP/ :jf:Yo ;+ : yf k| dfl0fs/0f Nofpg ;xof]u k'u]sf] :jf:Yo k|d'v k| h gg :jf :Yo ;DaG wL
u/]sf] xf] . o; aif{ k|fylds :jf:Yo ;'a]bLn] atfP. rfn" cfly{ s aif{df 1fg l bg ;Ifd ePsf]
s] G › vn+ u f, tf] / afª, w/dkfgL, cGo % j6f :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? lszf]/ x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5.
alh{ a fª ;fk8f8 f / b] l j:yfg lszf]/Ld} qL :jf:Yo ;]jf k| dfl0fs/0f To:t} u /L rfx] s }
:jf:Yorf} s L lszf] / –lszf] / Ld} qL ug]{ of]h gf /x]sf] :jf:Yo sfof{no a] nf ;lhn}l ;t lszf] /–
;]j fsf nflu k|d fl0fs/0fdf k/] sf] Ko'7fgn] atfPsf] xf]. lszf]/Ln] ;] jf lng ;Sg],
:jf: Yo sfo f{ n o k| d ' v l jzfn cfly{ s aif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ;" r gf / ;~ rf /df
;'a]lbn] hfgsf/L lbP. :jf :Yo ;] j f la efusf ] aflif{ s hfu?s agfpg ;Sg] ,
cfly{ s aif{ @)^^÷^& af6 k|l ta]bg cg';f/ g]kfndf &# / ;Lkdf cfwfl/t of}g tyf
b]zsf % lhNnf alb{of, b}n]v , ;'v]{t, k|b]; % sf !* j6f :jf:Yo ;+:yf k|h gg\ :jf:Yo;DaGwLsf]
h'D nf, a}t8Lsf @^ j6f :jf:Yo k| d fl0fs/0f e} ;s] s f] dxfzfvfn] ;Lk k| b f g ug] { ;Sg] , zLt–nx/sf] ;dodf lr;f]sf sf/0f dflg;sf]
;+: yfaf6 lszf]/ lszf]/L of}g tyf atfP sf] ly of ] . :j f:Y o ;+ : yf lszf]/–lszf]/Lsf] of}g tyf d[To' ;d]t x'g ;S5 To;}n] M
k| hgg :jf:Yo sfo{qmd lgb]{ lzsf k|d fl0fs/0f eP kZrft\ u' 0f:tl/o k|hgg :jf:Yo clwsf/sf]
pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf != Gofgf] sk8fsf] hf]xf] ;dod} u/f}+ .
adf]lhd ;'? ePsf] cleofg cGtu{t :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'lglZrtf, Joa:yfkg,
/x]sf] x'g'kg]{ k|f awfg 5.
Ko'7fg lhNnfsf ;flassf $( j6} lszf]/ lszf]/Lsf] clwsf/, ;Lk tyf
s] 5 /0flgtL < @= zLt–nx/sf] ;dodf 3/aflx/ v'nf :yfgdf w]/} ;do glatfcf}+,
:jf:Yo ;+: yf lszf] / lszf] / Ld}qL I fdtf cl ea[ 4 L / lbuf] k gf sf ]
:jf:Yo If] q /0flgtL 3/aflx/ lg:sg' k/]df jf w]/} ;do latfpg'kg]{ ePdf Gofgf] sk8f
;'r Ls[ t e};s] s f 5g\ . o; cl3 cfwf/sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g] 5.
@)!%–@)@) tyf g] kfn nufcf}+ .
k| fylds :jf:Yo s]G › leË|L , ;f]q], oL x'g k|dfl0fs/0fsf ;'rsx?. : j f: Y o I f] q /0fl gtL
uf]l7afª, v}/f, a/f}nf / cf]v/sf]6 lszf] / lszf] / Ld}qL ;' rLs[ t sfof{Gjog of]hgf @)!^– #= /ftsf] ;dodf l;/s, sDanh:tf Gofgf] sk8f cf]9g \ ] u/f}+ .
:jf:Y orf} s Ln] pQm ;] j f k| j fx ePk5L ;]j fsf] u'0f:t/ / lbuf]kgfsf] @)!( nfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} 3/leq /lt ;'Tbf z/L/sf ;fy} clgjfo{?kdf 5flt tyf 6fpsf]
ul//x] s f] ;' a ]b Ln] hgfP. ;]j fsf] cfwf/df :jf:Yo ;] j f laefun] xfn g]kfn ;/sf/ :jf:Yo 9fSg] k|jGw ldnfcf}+ .
u' 0f:t/ clea[4 L tyf k|d fl0fs/0f k|df0fLs/0f u5{. k|df0fLs/0f ePsf] tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon]
;fdfu| L @)&@ adf] l hd gf} j6f % aif{kl5 k'g dfkb08 d'Nofs+g u/]/ $= zLt–nx/ rn]sf] ;dodf cfuf] tfk]/ z/L/nfO{ Gofgf] /fVg] u/f}+ .
lszf] / lszf] / L :jf:Yo
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s f of { n o / kl /jf / : j f: Y o cfjZostfcg';f/sf :jf:Yo ;]jf k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g
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g]kfn ;/sf/
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l szf ] / L d} q L ;] j f k| j f xn] ubf { pko' Q m jftfj/0f ePsf] x' g' k g] { , dxfzfvfn] lnPsf] 5. ;"rgf tyf k|zf/0f ljefu

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