Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presenting Citations & The Bibliography-5 PDF
Presenting Citations & The Bibliography-5 PDF
Punctuation
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Direct quotation and layout
A direct quotation is using the exact words of someone
else in your essay or presentation
‘Hippies#represented#a#form#of#cultural#politics,#ostensibly#rejecting#‘mainstream’#
society# and# values,# but# with# clear# contradictions# present.# They# were# generally#
from# comfortable# middleFclass# backgrounds,# but# the# material# affluence# of# the#
Western#economies#during#the#1960s#made#their#opting#out#possible;#they#were#
antiFtechnology# but# often# possessed# impressive# sound# systems;# and# their#
espoused# ‘freedom’# at# times# sat# uneasily# alongside# sexism# and# gender#
stereotyping.’#(Marshall,#1978:84)#
#
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Indirect quotation and layout
An indirect quotation is using the ideas or meaning of
something you have read but incorporated into your own
language
Since its incarnation in 1952, the UK Singles Chart has functioned as a ranking
system of recorded popular music. Collating sales of recorded music in the form of a
chart is one of the most recognized, referenced and oldest ranking systems in popular
The charts, as well as cataloguing sale figures and statistics, serve to shape the
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Referencing: books
• In-text: (Cope, 2008: 48)
*bibliography is placed at the end of your essay/presentation. Sources presented in alphabetical order.
Referencing: YouTube, Vimeo etc.
video
• In-text: (The Art of Songs, 2017)