INDUSTRIAL TOWN

TOWN PLANNING
SUBMITTED BY :
Govind Gopal Nair
Harmeet Singh SUBMITTED TO:
Shah Nawaz khan Ar Rahul
INDUSTRIAL ZONE

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 WHAT IS AN
1 INDUSTRY
The companies and activities involved in
something that is produced or is
available in large quantities ( ex: ore and
minerals )
 WHAT IS AN
2 INDUSTRIAL TOWN
• An industrial town is a city where the
economic system is based on the
industry, such as a mining town.

• An area where workers of a

monolithic heavy industry live within
walking-distance of their places of
work.
 USES PERMITTED
3 •
•
•
IT and BT industries,
microwave towers,
power plants
• filling stations
• parking lots (including multi level),
• bus and truck terminals,
• loading and unloading facilities,
• warehouses,
• public utilities like garbage and sewage
disposal,
• Municipal and Government offices
4 HOW IT ALL
STARTED
Industrial revolution started specifically in
Britain in 18th century.
• It swept across Western Europe and
much of
North America.
• Late to Asian country's

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Origins - Why
England?
￮ Agricultural Revolution
￮ – Horse and steel plow
￮ – Fertilizer use
￮ – Yields improved 300% 1700-1850
￮ • Growth of foreign trade for
manufactured goods
￮ – Foreign colonies
￮ – Increase in ships and size
￮ • Successful wars and foreign
conquest
 Factors in England


Government favored trade
Laissez-faire capitalism
 Large middle class
 Island geography
 Mobile population
 Everyone lived within 20 miles
 navigable river
 Tradition of experimental
science
 Weak guilds
 No civil strife
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Life in England Before the
Industrial Revolution?
￮ 8 out of 10 worked in countryside
￮ • Subsistence farming
￮ • Cottage industries - factories rarely
employed more than 50 people
￮ • Handmade – buttons, needles, cloth,
bricks, pottery, bread etc.
￮ • Developing towns –
Liverpool,Birmingham, Glasgow

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By 1850:
Zones of Industrialization
on the European Continent
1. Belgium.
2. The Netherlands.
3. Western German states.
4. Northern Italy
5. East Germany -Saxony
6. Northeast France.

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TRANSPORT

Canal barges Ships powered by Horse-drawnwagons carts,

pulled by mules sails and carriages

automobiles Steam ships 10

By trains
TRANSPORT
•Rivers played a major role in the transportation of finished products from the
factories to the coast.
•The Severn, Thames, and the Trent were the most navigable rivers in England.
•The main international seaports of England were London, Bristol, and Liverpool
•The British began to build canals in the late 18thCentury.
•In 1720, roads gained importance for the Industrial Revolution.
• Railways meant the end for canals .Railways were to transform Britain in the nineteenth century.

River Canal

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Roads Railways
GEOGRAPHY/NATURAL RESOURCES
￮ • Wood was the main source of energy which was replaced by coal (morepotent)
￮ • Coal mines were available near the sea.

River Canal

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 Culture and it‘s impact on
Architecture and City Planning
• Small industries and farming having very small amount of royal people
• After banks etc the lifestyle improved dramatically
• Middle class increased and this section also consumed most of the products and lived a royal life style
• mass of the people to achieve the income, education and leisure time necessary to enjoy fine books, good music,
and beautiful sculptures and paintings.
• inventions such as the printing press, radio and television that enabled works of culture to
reach more people at lower cost, enabled men to acquire great wealth, part of which
they returned to society by financing libraries, symphony orchestras, museums and
scholarships for promising writers and artists, and encouraged the growth of democracy,
thus providing the atmosphere of freedom so necessary for writers and artists to produce
great works.

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PLANNING FOR HOUSES
•They arebuilt in courts the principle is that 3 walls
are shared with other houses reducing the
amount of materials used,.
•it was very compact and streets were very tight
and would not allow for light or sufficient air to
enter the house.
•A lobby/living space and an upstairs room, the
kitchen and toilets were communal and often
shared between 16 households.
•Each house could have from 1 to 3 families living
inside and even possible animals.
•The courtyards had privies (outdoor toilets)
cooking, storage areas and waste pool (hole to
receive waste from the house)
.
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PLANNING FOR HOUSES
￮ Back-back houses
￮ •BUILT IN DOUBLE ROWS
￮ •NO WINDOWS AT FRONT
￮ •NO BACKYARDS
￮ • A SEWER DOWN MIDDLE OF
￮ STREET
￮ •BUILT CRAMMED CLOSE
￮ TOGETHER VERY NARROW
￮ STREETS BETWEEN THEM.
The “Dark Days” of Industrialization

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EVOLUTION OF PLANNING
The Middle Class
As the Working class struggled for a livelihood in theslums,
the middle class factory owners lived in detached houses
near the countryside

City centre:
Shops and services

Inner City: Factories and

run downhouses

Suburbs: 16

Parks & houses

LAND USE PATTERN

Pattern of land-use changed radically: It was determined by radial transport route

beginning at town centre
•Low rent residential area is near to industrial district (heavy and low industries and
warehouses)
•High rent residential areas are in the outskirts of cities (suburbs)
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CITY PLANNING

Housing for worker with garden in front

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URBAN DESIGN
OBJECTIVES
• Character - Distinct sense of place
responding to the local context
•Continuity and enclosure -
Continuity of frontages, defined
public &private spaces
•Quality of public realm - safe,
attractive, lively and functional
public space
•Ease of movement - An accessible,
well connected, pedestrian friendly
•legibility - A readily
understandable, easily navigable
environment
•Adaptabilité - flexible & adaptable
public & private environment
•diversity A varied environment 19
offering a range of experiences
RAJASTHAN INDUSTRIAL ZONE
￮ Maximum 70 per cent area can be saleable and 30 Per
￮ cent to be reserved for roads and services.
￮ -40-65 per cent of the land must be utilized for the primary
￮ land use (Industrial), 3-5 per cent for the residential and 3
￮ per cent for the commercial activity.
￮ -Within the 30 per cent non saleable area 5 per cent to be
￮ reserved for green open spaces and 10 per cent for
￮ infrastructure services.
￮ -Smallest subdivided plot size for industry shall be 500
￮ Sq. M.
￮ -The 500 Sq. M plot to be on 12m wide road, 500-1500
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￮ Sq.m plot to be located on 18M wide road and plot size
￮ more than 1500 Sq. m on 24M wide road.
INDUSTRIALIZATION
IN INDIA
In 1750, India produced nearly 25 % of the
world's manufacturing output.
Coal mining was a profitable business
during British colonial times.
19th century, textile industry.
1870, Bengal Iron Works.
Tata Steel in 1907.
20th century, automobile industry.

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5 CASE STUDIES
1. MINING INDUSTRY - NEYVELLI
2. TEXTILE INDUSTRY - THIRUPUR
3. STEEL INDUSTRY – JHAMSHEDPUR
4. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY – MAHENDRA CITY
 Maps

JAMSHEDPUR

MAHENDRA CITY

THIRUPUR NEYVELI

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CASE STUDY
 CASE STUDY

STEEL INDUSTRY
JAMSHEDPUR

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REASON TO BECOME AN
INDUSTRIAL TOWN
￮ It is rich in iron ore, coal, manganese bauxite and lime.
￮ • The identification of Sakchi in 1907 as the ideal site for
the steel plant was just the beginning of a long journey
of transformation.
￮ • Jamshedpur is located at the confluence of Kharkai
and Subarnarekha Rivers.
￮ • Several lakes of varying size are also located near
￮ the fringes of the city.

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Industrial city jamshedpur
•The steel city of Jamshedpur originated in a small
company town in the backwaters of eastern India as a new
experiment in urbanism in 1907.
•When Delhi was being conceived in 1911 as imperial
capital, an industrial town with modern town planning
principles, new modes of spatiality and lifestyle associated
with industrialization was taking shape.
•Unlike Delhi and Chandigarh, Jamshedpur was an
indigenous industrial development initiated, financed and Jamshetji Nusserwanji Tata
(3rd Mar’1839- 19th May’ 1904)
built by Indians using local resources albeit foreign
expertise.

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ORIGIN
J.N.Tata conceived the dream of this industrial township. He travelled to
many of the industrial towns of North America in pursuit of technology
for setting up a steel plant.
•His efforts set in motion the search of sites rich in Iron ore and coal
mines. Though he did not live to see his dream come true, but his efforts
culminated in the discovery of iron ore mines in GURUMAHISINI HILLS of
Mayurbhanj (presently a district of Odisha).
•Thus an iron and steel plant was perceived in Sakchi village (72 km
from the hills).
•The site of the steel plant was well connected by Railways through the
KALIMATI railway station on the BOMBAY-CALCUTTA route.
•Sound business management policy, philanthropic motives and the
desire to make Industrial township an envied and emulated concept
throughout India gave birth to JAMSHEDPUR

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STAGES OF PLANNING
•Unlike the planning of Delhi and Chandigarh, which were planned
and conceived all at a single time, this town was planned in various
stages.
•The reason behind these several stages was growth in the
production of the steel plant due to World War I and World War II
and hence growth in population of workers.

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JAMSHEDPUR
SAHLIN AND KENNEDY

1907
PLAN

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SAHLIN AND KENNEDY PLAN
1910
The Pittsburgh firm of Julian Kennedy and Axel Sahlin was awarded the
contract for the designing and engineering works of Tata Steel Plant. They built
the original colony between 1909-12 for housing managers and skilled workers.
•There is a little influence of the garden city/suburb ideal of the ‘new’ American
company.
•Site exigencies dictated the stratified pattern of housing on high ground on
the ridge spurs on the north-west and western fringes of the steel plant to
ensure protection from the factory dust carried by the prevailing western
winds.
•The colony was laid out in the grid-iron (North American settlement pattern)
with alphabetically named ‘roads’ running east-west and numbered ‘avenues’
running north-south.
•There is no evidence of a planned town Centre or public park system

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32
FREDERICK C TEMPLE PLAN
1920

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FREDERICK C TEMPLE PLAN
1920
As the Steel production of the plant grew (due to World War I), population of
the township increased and the old Kennedy plan became obsolete.
•Fredrick C. Temple, sanitary officer for Orissa and Bihar states was appointed
as the Chief Engineer for planning of Jamshedpur.
•Temple’s work was influenced by :
•Study of lifestyle of local tribal people.
•Concept of Garden city of Letchworth.
•Design of industrial village of New Earswick.
•The fact that “A township already existed around the steel plant” played a
detrimental factor in the
planning thus making it somewhat different from other industrial townships of
its time.

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FREDERICK C TEMPLE PLAN
1920
The principles of Temple’s planning were:
•Gravitational Sewerage system.
•Street system adapted to contours.
•Parkway system in natural drains.
•Temple proposed housing of 12 units per acre, balancing it with 1-1 ½ acre plots of
bungalows and ¼ acre plots quarters.
•He designed the quarters in 3 blocks with the 4th one serving as open space.
•He advocated that the problem of housing could be solved by improving the
sanitation and preserving the infrastructure of the squatter settlements and the
lifestyle of the tribal people respectively.

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MAJOR PGW STOKES PLAN 1936

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MAJOR P.G.W.STOKES PLAN
1936
Due to the further expansion of Tata Steel in 1930, the township was in immediate
need of housing.
•Stokes strived a lot to propose an effective plan for this growing township.
•According to his report his work was very much influenced by Earnest Burges
(1925) who proposed that cities develop outward from central business and
manufacturing districts with working class population nearest to the core.
•Stokes did not have much to do beyond Temple’s plan. His main work was to
quench the shortage of housing.

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38
OTTO KEONIGSBERGER’S PLAN 1944

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OTTO KEONIGSBERGER’S PLAN
1944
The primary motive of Keonigsberger was to implement GARDEN CITY concepts
in his Master plan for Jamshedpur, but his motive was partially satisfied.
• He was reluctant to give up and endeavored to put in GARDEN CITY principles
wherever space permitted.
• The major problem was that Jamshedpur did not develop as a Garden city.
BUSTEES had developed on the periphery of the industrial area.
•His contention was that linear growth along transportation arteries was the
best solution to the problems posed by the concentric growth around the place
of employment.

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 OTTO KEONIGSBERGER’S PLAN
1944
• Massive urban surgery was untenable, so Keonigsberger proposed for a
garden suburb on the forested slopes of Dalma Hills for 200 medium
income families who could do the daily commute 7 miles to the Steel Plant.
• This was All the bungalows and cottages disappeared behind tree foliage and
gardens.
• The only public building besides the club/rest house would be the Inspection Bungalow
overlooking the Dam on one side and terraced hill-garden with a bandstand on the
other.
• Intention was to build a leafy suburb at a suitable distance from industrial pollution
and haphazard urban growth.
• This unbuilt proposal represented what Tata Steel desired all of Jamshedpur to be.

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JAMSHEDPUR URBAN AGGLOMERATION (JUA)

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JAMSHEDPUR URBAN
AGGLOMERATION (JUA)
•Tata Steel remained the largest employer and the physical core of
Jamshedpur. New industries and their settlements were built first towards the
east and later after independence in 1947 across the river Kharkai on the west.
•A multinucleated pattern emerged with industries as the nuclei of settlement
growth that minimized the distance between residence and workplace.
•Some of these industries were established by the Tatas, others were acquired
and became subsidiaries.
•Tinplate, Cable, Steel and Wire Industries built their housing in a grid iron
pattern on a ridge parallel to the main NW-SE ridge.
•The tribal villages that had deteriorated into bustees were now transformed
into planned housing colonies.
•The Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO) built housing for its
employees in the village Jojobera.

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 JAMSHEDPUR URBAN
AGGLOMERATION (JUA)
•Golmuri was developed by Tinplate Company
• Sidhgora by Indian Oxygen and Tata Steel.
•Baridih was developed by Tube Company.
•The satellite township of Adityapur came up in the 1960’s across the river Kharkhai as a result of state government
initiative in planning an industrial complex which incorporated 83 villages and is spread over 53 square miles with
much of the development concentrated along the main artery—Tata- Kandra Road.
• About 700 industries provide goods and services to Tata Steel although serviced by poorly planned residential and
commercial development.
• JUA 2027 Master Plan was drawn up by Superior Global Infrastructure of New Delhi in collaboration with the
Philadelphia based landscape planning firm of Wallace Roberts &Todd at the behest of state govt.
•The scope of planning covered the core of Jamshedpur, Adityapur, Mango, Jugsalai and seven villages, altogether
covering an area of 149.23 sq. kms.

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 45
STRUCTURE OF TATA NAGAR
 CASE STUDY

MINING INDUSTRY
NEYVELLI

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NEYVELI TOWNSHIP
￮ The Neyveli Township was developed after
￮ mining of lignite started under the Neyveli
￮ Lignite Corporation (NLC) in 1956.
￮ • Neyveli Town is located at an average elevation
￮ of 87 metres.
￮ • The Neyveli Township was developed after
￮ mining of lignite started under the Neyveli
￮ Lignite Corporation (NLC) .

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STRUCTURE OF NEYVELI
TOWN
￮ The Township of Neyveli is one of the modern,
￮ well-planned townships in India.
￮ • The residential area of the township alone
￮ extends over 50 square Kms.
￮ • There are 32 blocks in total (1000 m by 700 m
￮ in size )
￮ • The housing quarters are around 15,000 in
￮ number with varying building types.

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NEYVELI TOWNSHIP 49
 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Round-the-clock, water and electricity facilities.
• It also uses well-maintained, underground sanitation system, unlike
some of the other cities in Tamil Nadu.
• General Hospital at Block-6 and several dispensaries at various other
places.
• It was well facilitated with adequate educational institutions.
• There are three big parks in the township area - 'Golden Jubilee Park' ,
'Nehru Park' and the 'Navratra Park’.
• The Lignite City Club.

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NEYVELI TOWNSHIP

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 TRANSPORTATION FACILITY
￮ •Transport inside the township is managed by the Bus
Services, again a department under NLC.
￮ •Bounded by two major national highways NH-45c and NH-
532.
￮ •Neyveli has a railway station which lies on the Cuddalore-
Salem railway line.

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 CASE STUDY

TEXTILE INDUSTRY
THIRUPUR

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THIRUPUR TOWNSHIP
￮ Tirupur popularly known as “Banian City”.
￮ • It is started as a cluster of small and medium manufacturing
enterprises gainfully engaged in the production and export of a
range of knitted apparels.
￮ • Mr. Gulam Kadar in 1937 established “Baby Knitting Industries” in
Kaderpet area of Tirupur followed by a woman, Mrs
￮ Chellammal, in the name of Chellemmal Knitting.

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REASON TO BECOME AN
INDUSTRIAL TOWN
￮ Since agriculture was not flourishing due to poor rainfall,
the industry served as an alternative source of
employment.
￮ • The town lies roughly in the middle of a cotton belt.
￮ • Tirupur has long been a thriving centre for the
￮ sale and processing of raw cotton and has for
￮ many years had a large exchange and market for
￮ cotton.

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THIRUPUR
TOWNSHIP

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“
The ready local availability of
this raw material has helped
to facilitate the development
of the knitwear industry in
Tirupur .

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TRANSPORTATION

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STRUCTURE OF TIRUPUR
TOWN
￮ The city is mainly points of trade.
￮ • Production is spread in rural and small-town
clusters around these cores, and closely
connected to them.
￮ • The expansion of sub-contracting and the
inflow of capital from agriculture helped the
industry to grow rapidly.
￮ • In Tirupur its organization in house hold
workshops started mostly by owned funds of
￮ enterprising individuals.
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60
INFRASTRUCTURE
￮ National Institute of Fashion Technology
￮ (NIFT) has established its centre to provide
￮ training in the area of fashion, design skills etc.
￮ •Developmental financial institutions like SIDBI
￮ also operate from this town to facilitate
￮ industrial activities.
￮ • The Apparel Export Promotion Council
￮ (AEPC) has a full- fledged office in Tirupur.

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 CASE STUDY

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
MAHENDRA CITY

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MAHENDRA WORLD CITY
￮ Mahindra World City was set up in the year
￮ 2002 in Chennai.
￮ • It presently has over 62 global companies and
￮ 33,000 employees.
￮ • Mahindra World City, Chennai is the first
￮ functional Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in
￮ India.

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 INFRASTRUCTURE AND
TRANSPORTATION
It is facilitated with all the basic infra structure.
• Situated on the NH 45, Mahindra World City is located 50 km
from Chennai city.
• Paranur railway station is a public private partnership
initiative between Mahindra World City and Southern
Railways.
• Since it is nearer to chennai it enjoys all the
benefits of chennai.

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STRUCTURE OF MAHENDRA
CITY
The layout of the city is broken up in to Zones by the utility
of the land.
• There are 3 sector-specific Special Economic Zones
- IT (Services and Manufacturing)
- Auto Ancillaries and Apparel and Fashion Accessories,
- a Domestic Tariff Area.
- Residential / Social zone.

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STRUCTURE OF MAHENDRA
CITY
The layout of the city is broken up in to Zones by the utility
of the land.
• There are 3 sector-specific Special Economic Zones
- IT (Services and Manufacturing)
- Auto Ancillaries and Apparel and Fashion Accessories,
- a Domestic Tariff Area.
- Residential / Social zone.

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67
INDUSTRIAL
TOWNS

￮ INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
￮ LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL
LAND
￮ PLANNED ENVIRONMENT
￮ REDUCES EXTERNAL
1
￮ OPPURTUNITIES 2 CONTACT
￮ ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
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Thanks!
Any questions?

SUBMITTED BY :
Govind Gopal Nair
Harmeet Singh
Shah Nawaz khan

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