Effects of Whatsapp Messenger On Students - Irfan

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Impact of WhatsApp Messenger on the University Level Students: A

Psychological Study
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Impact of WhatsApp Messenger on the University

Level Students:
A Psychological Study
Dr. Mohammad Irfan 1
Sonali Dhimmar 2
1. Assistant Professor, School of Business, Auro University, Surat, India, E-mail:
mohammad.irfan@aurouniversity.edu.in, Mob: 88997-18677
1
Fellow Student, School of Business, Auro University, Surat, India,
ABSTRACT
WhatsApp is an amazing application, and with the help of it we can connect ourselves to the society as well
as whole world. It is an effective medium for the flow of information and ideas. WhatsApp is one of the
medium of such technology. Now a days it is becoming a popular word among youth, which is available in
the various electronic items such as I-Phone, Android, windows phone and computer also. The present study
is focused on the impact of WhatsApp on the university level students, with reference to youth of Surat and
Navsari, Gujarat. A quantitate approach was used to conducted research, data were collected from 105
respondents with structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 25 items. The factor analysis was
extracted the four factor from the data i.e. negatively affected, helpful, psychological change and essential.
The outcome of study will reveal that WhatsApp is a medium of making communication easier and faster
thereby by enhancing effective flow of information, idea sharing and connecting people easier. It is found
that WhatsApp has also a profound negative impact on youth and adversely affects their education, behaviour
and routine lives.
Key words: Psychological Change, Study Habit, Influence, University Students.
INTRODUCTION
WhatsApp messenger is cross-platform instant messaging service for smartphones; it is a freeware service
(Metz, 2016). It allows users to send text messages, phone contacts, videos, images, GIF, documents, audio
files, voice notes and user location by using standard cellular mobile numbers through internet (Voice
Calling, 2015). Information all are end-to-end encrypted. It also include a feature known as status, that
permits users to upload photos and videos to a twenty four-hours-lifetime feed that, by default, are visible to
all contacts, almost like Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat(WhatsApp Voice Calling, 2015). Today
WhatsApp messenger is becomes a very standard and famous instant messaging app for smart phones that
used by millions of individuals in all over the world. The app develops at that time in a very less amount of
time and very rapid speed it becomes well known and most popular app. lots of people in all over the globe
are using this app in their phones. The reason behind the popularity of WhatsApp messenger is individuals
fell very simple and easy to use this app to send messages, images, videos etc. to friends or to any other
relatives easily. Therefore this shows that how WhatsApp messenger is important in our present life
style(Current Scenario of WhatsApp , 2015).
IJRAR19J2805 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 572
The data shows a timeline that worldwide monthly active user of WhatsApp as of April 2017 to July 2017.
The app announced 200 billion monthly active users in April 2013, 500 billion monthly active users in April
2014, 800 billion monthly active users in April 2015 and 1300 billion monthly active users in July 2017; it
is over from 1 billion monthly active users in February 2016. This is the best service provide in all over the
world(2018).
In addition a daily active user of WhatsApp is one billion in all over the globe. Fifty five billion messages
transfer over on WhatsApp per day. Every day over one billion videos and 4.5 billion Photos are shared on
WhatsApp. WhatsApp has supports 60 languages globally. The introduction of new features of WhatsApp
which are video call, two-step verification security, Status (Posts that automatically disappear after 24 hours),
and a revamp in design has helped WhatsApp to attract more users since last year when it had just one billion
monthly active users( Globally Active Users of WhatsApp, 2017).WhatsApp is very popular in markets
outside the US whereas facing robust competition from Asia-based social messenger apps like LINE,
Kakaotalk, and WeChat. WhatsApp quality in rising mobile markets is not only based on their low-cost
business model but on several of its new amazing features(Mishra, 2017).
BACKGROUND OF WHATSAPP
WhatsApp was founded by Jan Koum and Brian Acton, Both former workers of Yahoo. They both left yahoo
and applied jobs at Facebook however both were rejected. At that point of time, with very little direction on
wherever his next career path would take him. In 2009, though, when buying an iPhone, Jan Koum has the
vision to envision that an entire business was closed to mostly around mobile app. trying to exploit this
business, Jan Koum began to explore the possibility of creating an app which may let mobile user’s sensible
move with their friends, relatives, and business contacts. They both managed to influence five employees
from Yahoo. To invest in the app with $250,000, finally WhatsApp was launched in 2009. It had been a
rocky begins for WhatsApp. When various crashes (up) and failures (down), Koum grew pissed off with the
app’s development and reportedly thought-about giving up entire business. It had been act on that inspired
to stay it out. Fortuitously for the both of them, the pair did so stick it out and saw the app through to its final
success. After few months WhatsApp was boom in the market. By Feb of 2013, WhatsApp boasted fifty staff
members and two hundred million users. In Feb 2014, social network Facebook acquired WhatsApp for
nineteen billion U.S. dollars, a staggering amount even for the social networking large. At that point,
WhatsApp had regarding 450 million monthly active users and 315 million daily active users, in keeping
with business Insider(Bacground of Whatsapp , 2017).
WhatsApp messenger is one amongst the popular and flourishing messaging apps to date with an amazing
growth story that relied on very little promotion. In Oct 2009, WhatsApp accumulated $250,000 funding(
Jan Koum Built WhatsApp Into Facebook, 2014). The app formally released for the apple App Store and in
few months later it was released for all major mobile application systems. In 2011, it has become a high
marketer on iPhone, android and Blackberry while not abundant promoting. In April 2011 the company
raised $8m from Sequoia Capital( Jan Koum Built WhatsApp Into Facebook, 2014). In Oct 2011, one billion
messages were being sent every day by its users. By Feb 2013, the app reached two hundred million active
users. In Jan 2015 Sequoia again invested another $50m, valuing the company at $1.5bn. In same year it hit
600million active usersand creating it the most well-known messaging app up to now, and rose to 900million
by Sept this year. In Feb 2014, the company was acquired by Facebook for $19bn and creating it the biggest
venture-backed exit throughout that year(Richter, 2015). In the line of successcitigroup has forecast that
WhatsApp might generate revenue of $1bn by 2017(Ray, 2015). Asian country and African nation are high
markets for WhatsApp (whatsApp Messenger most popular in India & Malaysia, 2014).
EFFECTIVE USE OF WHATSAPP
It helps in lowering production costs and increasing the efficiency of internal business operations, People use
WhatsApp to interact with colleagues, supervisors, and/or other that saves them time or increases
productivity during the day. Improving customer service,the most common reasons customers use WhatsApp
to communicate with businesses includes, making or confirming an appointment or reservation, placing an
order or making a purchase, and asking for information on products or services (e.g., price, inventory, return
policy). By making communication faster and more efficient, WhatsApp may enable businesses to lower
their labour costs and attract more customers. Lowering marketing costs, Affordable and fast communication
decreases costs for businesses, thus potentially increasing profits and contributing to growth. Making
communications with investors more efficient, WhatsApp users communicate with business partners,
investors, shareholders, or financial contributors. Rapid interactions and quick updates may lead to higher
investments for a firm or business, resulting in increased output and long run growth. Improving public sector
services, WhatsApp improves communications between the public and the social sector.
ADVANTAGES OF WHATSAPP
WhatsApp is free: ‘Free’ is the biggest advantage of WhatsApp. It is easy to use; simply enter the mobile
number in the device into this app. WhatsApp is one of the most popular application which emerges like the
culture of MacDonald that create a new taste in social networking market and majority of youth crazy for
this. It enables users to have multimedia downloads text messaging without having to pay short messages
service (SMS). This is the feature that makes WhatsApp quite popular among youth. With the help of this
application, an Individual can chat with family, friends beyond the limit of seas and creates familiar
environment for it. It also helps to keep contact to everybody at one time. No doubt, this amazing app is
useful for us from many ways. One instance can be given in respect of this; we are buying something and
have confusion about the item. Then to remove confusion we can take the picture of this and send it to our
dear one on WhatsApp to get suggestion( Bhatt & Arshad, 2016).
OBJECTIVES
 To measure the factors which are affect the life of university level students by using WhatsApp.
 To identify the positive or negative impact of university level students by using WhatsApp.
LITERATURE REVIEW
They find out the effect of WhatsApp messenger on youth. Information was collected from a hundred
samples of youth from Agra, India. Analysis shows that WhatsApp has positive as well as negative impact
on youth. It affects their education, behaviour and routine lives. It’s extremely addictive in nature. Findings
show that youths are spending more time on this application instead of spending quality time with their
family members (Bhatt & Arshad, 2016).(Yeboah & Ewur, 2014) They find out the impact of WhatsApp on
educational performance of youth and information was collected from five hundred and fifty students of
institutions of Ghana. The analysis shows that WhatsApp has negative impact on the study of youth. It also
affects their academic language like error of spellings and construction of sentences. So it's tough to balance
at the same time the online activities and educational performance with WhatsApp.(Appiah, 2016) Find out
the effect of WhatsApp to the college students of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh.
Information was collected from two hundred students through questionnaire. The study has disclosed that
WhatsApp has negative effect on students and adversely affects their education, behaviour and routine lives.
It messes up abundant of study time of students and distracts them from finishing their assignments. The
study concludes that time management is important for on-line activities. Students should give priority to
their life and career building rather than giving priority to the WhatsApp.(Sharma & Shukla, 2016) Find out
the effect of WhatsApp on students from Gwalior, India. Information was collected from a hundred students
through questionnaire. Research shows that WhatsApp has impact on the life style of youth particularly in
their studies. It affects their educational language and spoils their writing skills and construction of sentences.
They’ll get wrong information and concentration is a lot of on gossips and even become wholly regarding
on this to get information about around the world.(Maheswari, 2014) Conducted a study to investigate the
persistency of using WhatsApp by under graduate students in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, It had been found
from the study majority of respondents using WhatsApp Messenger typically send pictures, videos and do
group chatting with minimum number of friends and long-time users usually send images, videos and do
group chatting with friends. The study explain that majority of respondents using WhatsApp Messenger
usually do chatting through WhatsApp messenger. It’s suggested that, awareness can be created between all
the individuals no matter their age, education, sex, profession etc. If this might be done, not only the college
going students however all the individuals may reap the advantage of using WhatsApp Messenger.(Kumar
& Sharma, 2016) Find out the usage and effect of WhatsApp. Data was collected from 460 samples of youth
from Northern, India. Research shows that there is a significant impact of WhatsApp on its users. Users think
WhatsApp has improved their relationship with friends and it’s not harmful for them.(Shettigar &
Karinagannanavar, 2016) They find out the WhatsApp usage among the undergraduates at University of
Brunei, Darussalam. The study shows that a majority of the undergraduates use WhatsApp for more than
three hour per day. The study found that WhatsApp was very useful for group discussions and interaction.
Of the respondents opined that it was disruptive to their study. The analysis shows that a majority of the
undergraduates do tend to disseminate information only if they believed it to be useful, relevant or
true.(Sahajwani, 2016) Find out the Impact of WhatsApp messenger on educational performance of students.
Data was collected from 120 students of Sagar Group of Institution Bhopal. Research shows that Students
spent more than one hour time on the use of WhatsApp but are efficient enough for their studies; they do not
face any difficulty in meeting their studies requirements, assignment submission.(Veena & Lokesha , 2016)
Find out the effect of WhatsApp usage among students. Information was collected from two hundred students
from Mangalore University through questionnaire. Analysis shows that majority of users familiar with
WhatsApp and use WhatsApp for educational purpose.(Sarker, 2015) Find out the effect of WhatsApp on
the university level students. This empirical study has been conducted upon two hundred respondents with a
questionnaire that was used as a tool of information collection for the survey. The analysis shows that
WhatsApp has a profound negative impact on students and adversely affects their education, behaviour and
routine lives. It messes up most of study time of students and distracts them from finishing their assignments.
This app has been found to be extremely addictive.(Sudharani & Nagaraju, 2016) The Study conducted on
WhatsApp usage by engineering students at SVU College of Engineering, Tirupati, and Chittor district in
Andhra Pradesh. Findings of the study clearly proved that all the respondents are using WhatsApp. The study
report shows that students spend less time in using the WhatsApp, which is positive aspect.(Shanmugapriya
& Priya, 2016) They identify the using WhatsApp faced on reduction stress. The results discovered that
WhatsApp is a great application that provides various benefits to the customer and also conclude that social
media application must improve their services to satisfy all types of users.(Ashiyan, 2016)The study was to
investigate the use and effect of mobile applications such as WhatsApp on school work and out of school
work. Analysis shows that WhatsApp as a learning platform used the teams so as to enhance the accessibility
of learning materials and therefore the performance of learning activities.(Abaido & El-Messiry, 2016) they
investigate the level of usage of this social networking application (WhatsApp messenger) and identify the
impact of WhatsApp messenger on the quality of education through improving the interaction of instructor-
student communication, and student-student communication in which they can create, share and/or exchange
information and ideas in an e-learning environment. Results show strong positive indicators that there are
distinct differences between the face to face formal teaching method and the e-learning method applied via
WhatsApp.(Sayan, 2016) Find out the effects of students’ usage of WhatsApp İnstant messaging for learning
and improves students’ achievement (exam performance). The results shows that use of WhatsApp for
improvement of achievement of the course goals had a significant support of the teacher candidates.(Ahad
& Ariff Lim, 2014)They examine the domestication of WhatsApp among young people, specifically the
undergraduates at University Brunei Darussalam. Results showed that young people perceive WhatsApp as
a ‘convenient ‘communication application in their everyday lives.(Shahkat Ali & Kootbodien, 2017) They
identify the perceptions and trends of Abu Dhabi university students, considering WhatsApp as an effective
interpersonal communication medium. The analysis shows a positive reaction from the students. Study also
concludes that WhatsApp will be considered an effective interpersonal communication medium.(Ta'amneh,
2017) Find out the frequency of using social media particularly WhatsApp usage among college students.
Data was collected from 40 first year university students in Salem District. The analysis shows that they
believe that used a combination method (WhatsApp and traditional) was better than the learned through the
traditional method (face to face). Study also concludes that usage of WhatsApp among college students of
Salem District is growing very fast.(Altaany, 2015) Find out the uses of WhatsApp for student of Irbid
National University at Jordan from their perspective and impact of WhatsApp on academic performance of
students. The results indicate that uses WhatsApp for students at Irbid National University in Jordan there
were a statistically significant relationship between the WhatsApp and academic performance of student and
there is no a statistically significant relationship between (audio, call)with academic performance.(Kamboj
& Dayal, 2014) They explore that why youth use and what motivates them to use Instant Messaging
Applications (IM) applications on their digital devices with specific relevance to WhatsApp. The analysis
shows that respondents are actively using WhatsApp for his or her Economic, Communication, Pastime,
Diversion, Affection, Fashion, Sharing Problem and sociality motives that results in fulfilment of their
expectations.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research deals with mixed research which is partially quantitative and partially qualitative to find out in
depth. The research has made the use of survey method. Survey was conducted among randomly selected
WhatsApp user in Surat city and Navsari city along with sample size of 105 students between the age group
of 17 to 25 years, who were college going students. This age group of youth (17-25years) who has chosen
for the survey are the heavy users of social media and early adopters of advanced technological application.
The survey was conducted through a structured questionnaire. Data has been collected through primary
source. Two universities were chosen for the survey comprising of one private(Auro University) and one
public which is VNSGU (Veer Narmad South Gujarat University) and. The field data were analysed using
statistical package for social science (SPSS version 21) and Microsoft excel for drawing of charts.
This research has been done by factor analysis. Factor analysis is a method of data reduction. Factor analysis
includes, KMO and Bartlett's Test measure of sampling adequacy, Total variance explained, Screen plot, and
Rotated component matrix.Sampling adequacy determines if the responses given with sample are adequate
or not.Total variance explained the initial eigenvalues which is measure of explained variance. Screen plot
is a visual representation of how much this variance explained the factors.It is useful for determining how
many factor to retain.Rotated component matrix helps to determine what are the components represent.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Table 1, Demographic Information
Variables No. of Respondents (N=105) Percent (%=100)
Gender (N=105) (%=100)
Male 85 81%
Female 20 19%
Age (N=105) (%=100)
17-19 13 12.4%
20-22 44 41.9%
23-25 48 45.7%
Source: Field survey, 2018
From Table 1, the gender of the respondents was explored, majority 81% were males and the rest were
females 19%. The total percentage represents the two institutions that the questionnaires were administered
too.These institutions include; VNSGU and Auro University. This result implies that male use the WhatsApp
more often than their female counterpart. Also it was revealed that most of the male students preferred using
the application for communication, especially for group discussions on specific current event in rather than
to meet their group members personally than the female.
The average age group of the respondents was obtained from 23-25 years. This belong to the majority 45.7%
age group 23-25, 41.9% were age group between 20-22 years, finally age group between 17-19 years 12.4%
were constitute the least group. This implies that the WhatsApp population is youth centric.
Respondent Who Use Whatsapp
The collection of data revealed that 100% college going students use whatsapp. The samples clearly make
strong view that they use whatsapp for being in touch with family, friends, and acquaintances because of its
cheap cost which reduce the calling &sms expenditure.( Source: Field survey, 2018)
Figure 1, Frequently Use Whatsapp Application
100
87
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20 13
10 3 2
0
Regularly 2-4 times a Day Very less Often
The output of the data shows that most of the respondents 87 (82.9%) regularly use the WhatsApp
application, 13 (12.4%) respondents use WhatsApp 2-4 times a day, 3 (2.9%) respondents use the WhatsApp
very less, 2 (1.9%) respondents often use the WhatsApp application. This implies that the WhatsApp
application use ability among is very high among university level students. They check frequently their cell-
phone on the every beep of whatsapp in spite of engaging in studying, eating or doing some-thing important.
Figure 2, How Long Using Whatsapp Application
80
67
60
40 28
20 9
1
0
Less than 6 months 6 month-1 year 1 yr-5 years More than 5 years

The results of the data revealed that most of the respondents 67 (63.8%) use the WhatsApp application 1-5
years, 28 (26.7%) respondents use WhatsApp application more than 5 years, 9 (8.6%) respondents use
WhatsApp between 6 months-1 year, 1 (1%) respondents use WhatsApp less than 6 months. The reason
behind the popularity of WhatsApp messenger is individuals fell very simple and easy to use this app to send
messages, images, videos etc. to friends or to any other relatives easily. Most of the respondents belong to
the age group of 23-25 years.
Figure 3, How Many Hours Using Whatsapp Daily
45
39 37
40
35
30
25
20 15 14
15
10
5
0
1-2 hours 2-5 hours 5-8 hours More than 8 hours

The output revealed that most of the respondents 39 (37.1%) spend between 1-2 hours every day, 37 (35.2%)
spend between 2-5 hours a day, 15 (14.3%) respondents spend between 5-8 hours a day, and 14 (13.3%)
respondents spend more than 8 hours a day. This implies that they use WhatsApp in any times a day. Study
also able to discover that there is an inverse relationship between two factors which is, the more time a
student spends using whatsapp, the less time he or she has to attend to academic matters such as class work,
assignments, preparation for class test, mid-semester exams and end of the semester’s examination which
account for the student’s lower or poor grade Points.
Figure 4, Why Students Use Whatsapp
40 37
29
30 23
20 16
10
0
Socialize and make Remain updated Collaborate with As a source of
new friends about what is fellow students and recreation
trending study andrelaxation

The results explore that most of the respondents 37 (35.2%) use WhatsApp Collaborate with fellow students
and study, 29 (27.6%) respondents use WhatsApp as a source of recreation and relaxation, 23 (21.9%) use
WhatsApp remain updated about what is trending and 16 (15.2%) respondents use WhatsApp socialize and
make new friends. This implies that WhatsApp play a major role in academic performance of the students.
Also data found that most of the students preferred using the application for communication, especially for
group discussions on specific assignment given in class than to meet their group members personally.
Figure 5, Advantages of Using Whatsapp
80 70
60
40
21
20 10
4
0
Sharing Meeting new people Learning technology Keeping in touch with
information/work can help you socialize becomes easier friends is convenient
quickly

The output indicate that most of the respondents 70 (66.7%) response that WhatsApp is useful for sharing
information and quickly work, 21 (20%) response that it is useful for keeping in touch with friends is
convenient, 21 (9.5%) response that it’s useful for learning technology becomes easier, and 4 (3.8%) response
that it is useful for meeting new people can help you socialize. User can interact among people freely and
can share, exchange and discuss the Information, ideas, personal message and other content between each-
other such as using a multimedia messages, personal words, pictures, video and audio& utilizes online
platform by connecting to the Internet.
Figure 6, Disadvantages of Using Whatsapp
45 42
40 37
35
30
25
20 17
15 9
10
5
0
Reduced focus on Lesser physical Decreases/destroys There is no concept of
studies and affects activity results in social skills privacy
academic health problems
performance

The results shows that most of the respondents 42(40%) response that WhatsApp Reduced their focus on
studies and affects academic performance, 37(35.2%) response that it’s effect their physical activity results
in health problems, 17(16.2%) response that it’s decreases/destroys social skills, and 9(3.8%) response that
there is no concept of privacy.Whatsapp takes lots of time of their study and could not be able to complete
their assignment. Many times, they strive to control themselves to view whatsapp messages but they do not
get satisfied until they check their app.
Reliability Test
Table 2, Reliability Statistics
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

0.821 15
In this output have coefficient called Cronbach's Alpha which should be closer to one it is never more than
one but generally a coefficient of more than or equal to 0.1 is quite acceptable. It is consider very good crowd
and if a scale has that coefficient that Cronbach’s Alpha that means the scale is reliable enough. This table
shows that theCronbach's Alpha is o.821, which is close to one meaning that this scale is very good.
Table 3, Scale Statistics
Scale Statistics
Mean Variance Std. Deviation N of Items
52.99 61.718 7.8561 15
This table shows that the scale of statistics which includes mean, variance, std.deviation and number of items.
The mean for all the items in scale is 52.99. The variance in the number of items is 61.718 and standard
deviation is 7.8561.
Factor Analysis (Dimension of Reduction)
Table4, KMO and Bartlett's Test

KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .700
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 526.893
df 105
Sig. .000
Here important parts of the output: the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkinmeasure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett's test
of sphericity. The KMO statistic varies between 0 and 1. A value of 0 indicates that the sum of partial
correlations is large relative to thesum of correlations, indicating diffusion in the pattern of correlations
(hence, factor analysis is likely to be inappropriate). A value close to 1 indicates that patterns of correlations
are relatively compact and so factor analysis should yield distinct and reliable factors. Kaiser (1974)
recommends accepting values greater than 0.5 as acceptable. Furthermore, values between 0.5 and 0.7 are
mediocre, values between 0.7 and 0.8 are good, values between 0.8 and 0.9 are great and values above 0.9
are superb. For these data the value is 0.700, which falls into the range of being good: so, that factor analysis
is appropriate for these data(Field, 2005).
Bartlett's measure tests the null hypothesis that the original correlation matrix is an identity matrix. For factor
analysis to work need some relationships between variables and if the R- matrix were an identity matrix then
all correlation coefficients would be zero. Therefore, this test to be significant (i.e. have a significance value
less than 0.05). A significant test tells us that the R-matrix is not an identity matrix; therefore, there are some
relationships between the variables. For these data, Bartlett's test is highly significant (p < 0.001), and
therefore factor analysis is appropriate(Field, 2005).
Table 5, Total Variance Explained
Component Initial Eigenvalues Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings
Total % of Cumulative % Total % of Cumulative %
Variance Variance
1 4.414 29.428 29.428 3.143 20.952 20.952
2 1.925 12.836 42.264 2.091 13.940 34.893
3 1.368 9.123 51.387 2.075 13.833 48.726
4 1.308 8.721 60.108 1.707 11.382 60.108
5 1.047 6.982 67.090
6 .932 6.213 73.303
7 .789 5.262 78.565
8 .620 4.133 82.698
9 .584 3.894 86.591
10 .525 3.501 90.092
11 .409 2.729 92.821
12 .331 2.206 95.027
13 .314 2.093 97.120
14 .223 1.488 98.609
15 .209 1.391 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

SPSS Output lists the eigenvalues associated with each linear component (factor) before extraction, and after
rotation. Before extraction, SPSS has identified 23 linear components within the data set. The eigenvalues
associated with each factor represent the variance explained by that particular linear component and SPSS
also displays the eigenvalue in terms of the percentage of variance explained (so, factor 1 explains 29.428%
of total variance). It should be clear that the first few factors explain relatively large amounts of variance
(especially factor 1) whereas subsequent factors explain only small amounts of variance. SPSS then extracts
all factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, which leaves us with four factors. The eigenvalues associated
with these factors are again displayed (and the percentage of variance explained) in the columns labelled
extraction sums of squared loadings. The values in this part of the table are the same as the values before
extraction, except that the values for the discarded factors are ignored (hence, the table is blank after the
fourth factor). In the final part of the table (labelledRotation Sums of Squared Loadings), the eigenvalues of
the factors after rotation are displayed. Rotation has the effect of optimizing the factor structure and one
consequence for these data is that the relative importance of the four factors is equalized. Before rotation,
factor 1 accounted for considerably more variance than the remaining three (29.428% compared to 12.836,
9.123, and 8.721), however after extraction it accounts for only 20.952% of variance (compared to 13.940,
13.833and 11.382% respectively). Between these four factors, they explained almost 60% of the cumulative
variance in the data set (Field, 2005).
Table 6, Rotated Component Matrix of Factors
Items 1 2 3 4
Do you believe using WhatsApp is posing negative effects on your studies .743
by any means?
Does WhatsApp affect your social life? .757
Do you agree usage of WhatsApp has any negative effects on your life? .724
Does WhatsApp occupying your privacy? .679
Is your Academic score reduced upon WhatsApp usage? .638
Does WhatsApp have affected your rest time? .640
Do you agree using WhatsApp helps you in your studies by any means? .749
Do you think usage of WhatsApp has any positive effects on your life? .515
Do you believe WhatsApp is beneficial in terms of learning? .757
Do you believe the friends made through WhatsApp are trustworthy? .581
Have you been addict of WhatsApp? .544
Have you ever regretted any information that you shared/posted over .802
WhatsApp?
Do you feel psychological changes in yourself because of WhatsApp? .709
Do you agree using WhatsApp is essential for today’s life? .808
Are your parents aware of your WhatsApp activities? .843
Factor One: Six items loaded into factor one. This was labelled, “Negatively affected”. Which were included
six items i.e., WhatsApp has negatively affect student life, WhatsApp takes lots of time of their study and
could not be able to complete their assignment, it has adverse impacts on the performance of students, It
destroys student’s grammar and spellings, leads to lack of concentration during lectures and difficulty in
balancing online activities and academic preparation.
Factor Two: The four items that loaded into a second factor, this was labelled, “Helpful”. It included,
WhatsApp is beneficial in terms of learning, WhatsApp affects their study positively because through this
app they can connect to their faculty and classmates and get immediate responses of their quarry. They can
also share notes and purposive information through it.
Factor Three: Three items loaded into a third factor. This was labelled, “Psychological Change”.WhatsApp
has impact on student psychology Many times, they strive to control themselves to view whatsapp messages
but they do not get satisfied until they check their app.
Factor Four: The two items that loaded onto Factor four, this was labelled, “Essential”.WhatsApp is
essential for today’s life. Whatsapp is much quicker and more convenient way to interact with people who
enhance the effective flow of massages and ideas among youth.
Table 7, Rank of Factors by Mean Value

N Mean Sum Rank
Factors
Negatively affected 104 20.0673 2087.00 1
Helpful 104 15.2308 1584.00 2
Psychological Change 104 10.0769 1048.00 3
Essential 104 7.6154 792.00 4
Table 7, shows that the rank of all factors which were excluded from the items. So that rank one suggested
the WhatsApp negatively affected the university going students. Every coin has two sides likewise WhatsApp
also helpful for the knowledge seekers, which has occupied the second rank from the surveyed data. Excess
using the WhatsApp messenger it impacted on the psychological change in behavior of the students, which
is on rank third. Rank four the consideration of proper use of WhatsApp application is essential for the
students for enhancing the knowledge grade.
FINDINGS
Findings shows that age group between 20 to 25 years are highly users of WhatsApp application.Most of the
respondents 82.9% regularly use the WhatsApp application, which means they are highly addictive of
WhatsApp.The intensity of usage of WhatsApp is high in Surat city. Most of the students used WhatsApp 2
to 5 hours in a day. According to the survey 35.2% respondents were used WhatsApp Collaborate with fellow
students and study, 27.6% respondents were used WhatsApp as a source of recreation and relaxation, 21.9%
respondents were used WhatsApp remain updated about what is trending and rest of 15.2% respondents were
used WhatsApp socialize and make new friends. This implies that WhatsApp play a major role in academic
performance of the students. Interpretation of 66.7% respondents were contributed that WhatsApp is useful
for sharing information and doing quickly work. WhatsApp instead of making communication easier and
faster thereby enhancing effective flow of information and idea sharing among students, 58% students
strongly agree that WhatsApp helps in their studies and beneficial in terms of learning.The study has revealed
that WhatsApp has a profound negative impact on students and adversely affects their education, behaviour
and routine lives. It messes up much of study time of students and distracts them from completing their
assignments. This app has been found to be highly addictive. 40% of respondents shows that WhatsApp
Reduced their focus on studies and affects academic performance and responsible for a lot of grammatical
mistake, lack of concentration while lecturing. 35% respondents were strongly agreeing that because of using
WhatsApp their academic score reduce. Thus it has negative effect on the study. 36% respondents stated that
WhatsApp affect their social life, 37% students admitted that WhatsApp affect their rest time. 25%
respondents were admitted that, they have become addicted of WhatsApp. 40% respondents believed that
friends made through WhatsApp are trustworthy.
CONCLUSION
This paper investigates the impact of WhatsApp on the university level students; therefore this study reveals
considerable fact related to students and uses of WhatsApp application. However WhatsApp is much quicker
and more convenient way to interact with people who enhance the effective flow of massages and ideas
among youth. Indeed intensity of WhatsApp is very high among students.The main goal of this paper is to
find out impact of WhatsApp on students. WhatsApp is beneficial from many ways like to keep in touch
from their friends, especially when they live far from their home. It is very helpful even for those people who
feel shyness in social interaction.As every invention has its pros and cons in its own sense, similarly
WhatsApp has also, the greater drawback for its highly addictive nature. There is a very narrow line between
the favourite pass time and the addition of WhatsApp on youth. They delete WhatsApp but after couple of
days, they again launch it. It is the major reason for having negative impact on youth’s psychology. Most of
the time, youth seems stick with their cell-phones for knowing each and every moment of other person’s
personal life.The result shows that WhatsApp is a negative impact on students’ academic performance and
it reduced focus on studies. It is also affected the students rest time. However, if used negatively it has adverse
impacts on the performance of students. Among the negative impacts include the following, it takes much of
the students studies time, results in procrastination related problems, destroys students grammar and
spellings, leads to lack of concentration during lectures and difficulty in balancing online activities and
academic preparation.The study further concludes that the purpose of WhatsApp varies from person to person
and in some cases from group to group. The purpose depends upon the user and his/her intentions. Most
frequently WhatsApp uses include; studying, group for discussion, networking, reading contents (news,
videos and photos), to kill loneliness and establishing romantic relationship.Therefore WhatsApp is like a
sharp knife if you do not know the way of using it, you can cut yourself. Hence students must be careful
while using WhatsApp.
LIMITATION
Limited time for the study, this make difficult to make study in depth, there is limited literature review
available in Indian context, with relation to WhatsApp usage. Several studies were done on foreign context
than in India.The study should have included other apps like Hike, Instagram, Snapchat messenger which is
gaining popularity in today’s scenario. The study focused only Navsari and Surat city two out of the
numerous tertiary institutions in Surat. Additional studies on other tertiary institutions should provide further
insights into the impact of WhatsApp on the university level students. Although, framed within an academic
context, the research can be utilized to investigate the use of Whatsapp not only at colleges, but also at home,
workplace, and various other settings, and for a variety of different audiences such as teenagers, young adults,
the elderly or families.
RECOMMENDATION
Time management is essential for students. They do not waste their most time with this application. Time
management should be incorporated into the curriculum of institutions.Students should give the priority of
their studies. They should do not think that WhatsApp is a priority.Unannounced quizzes should be
conducted frequently by lecturers to compel students to sit-up. Cell phones should either be forbidden in
lecture halls or switched off if allowed in, instead of the prevailing practice of allowing them in but must be
put on mute. This allows the students to chat during lectures.
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Impact of WhatsApp Messenger on the University Level Students: A

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Mohammad Irfan Sonali Dhimmar

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Impact of WhatsApp Messenger on the University

Variables No. of Respondents (N=105) Percent (%=100)

Gender (N=105) (%=100)

Source: Field survey, 2018

Source: Field survey, 2018

Figure 3, How Many Hours Using Whatsapp Daily

Source: Field survey, 2018

Figure 4, Why Students Use Whatsapp

Source: Field survey, 2018

Source: Field survey, 2018

Figure 6, Disadvantages of Using Whatsapp

Source: Field survey, 2018

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

Factor Analysis (Dimension of Reduction)

Table4, KMO and Bartlett's Test

Source: Field survey, 2018

Table 7, Rank of Factors by Mean Value

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