—_ MOP TOJIEBCKM, Cxonje KYKATA BO HEOJIMTOT HEOJIMT BO CKOIMCKMOT PEPMOH! IGOR TOLEVSKI, Skopje THE HOUSE IN THE NEOLITHIC NEOLITHIC IN THE SKOPJE REGION! KONCKHOT peruoH BO TeKOT Ha MuHa- THOT BeK OMA NpeAMeT Ha ronem 6poj Hay4Ho-HeTpaxyBaykH —mpoeKrn2 Muja mex Guna, noKanuteTuTe of MepHojoT Ha MnaqoTO KaMeHO BpeMe fla ce epi ReuTUpaaT, 3aMNTUTAT HAH MOJoNKA NeTpaxKy- saat. IloueTHure uckonypatba Ha 1oKaanTeTHTe Rajloa muTepecen H GoraT apxeonouKu MaTepu- jam, co mT0 Ha HeKoM of HMB apxeomomKuTe UcKonyBarba MpomosKYBAaT H eH AeHeC. Heoantor Bo cKorcKHoT peruon ce Bpsyza 3a AusaGeroso-Bpumamk KysTypHara rpyna (I- IV) om pakwot u cpeqHuor HeoauT u 3enenn- Koso I] KynTypHata rpyna of JOuHHOT HeonuT.> Ha Tepuropujara on rpagor Cxonje 1 peruouor, ApXeonOUIKH wcKoNyBaiba ce BpuleHH Ha HeKoAKy ToKaauTeTH: ,CraTHHa® SeneHuxono;t kopje’s region during the last century was the subject of large number of sci- ? which aim was, to record, protect or later explore the sites from the New Stone Age. The start- entific-exploration project ing excavations of the sites gave interesting and rich archaeological material, by what at some of them archaeological digs continue at present days. Neolithic in the Skopje’s region is the part of the cultural group Anzabegovo- Vrsnik (I-IV) from the Early and Middle Neolithic and the cultural group Zelenikovo II from the Late Neolithic.3 At a territory of a town Skopje and a region, archaeological digs are performed at few sites: “Slatina” Zelenikovo;4 1 Texeror npetcrasypa kpaTox usnagox of punzoncKa pa6ota og6panera na 23.03.2006, ua dunosodexuor axynter, Katenpa sa Hcropuja ua ymetsocr Apxeosoruje, nox eHToperso Ha npod. a-p paru Murpescxu. 2 .Cuctematcxu apxeonourku werpaxxysaia Ha HeoaMT- ckuTe HW MeTanHo qoOumTe KyaTypu Bo CKonckara korauna” Baxi 3a noKamureture: ,,CaaTuna* Senenuxono u ,Lepje* Foapacso. 3B. Canes, Maagomo Kaseno 906a 60 Maxegonuja @0 Socezaunuite apreoaowxu uctpaxyearea, Naseljavanie i naselja u praistoriji, Materijali XIV, Prilep 1976, 68-73; actu, Heonumom u neoaudickume kyaitypu eo Maxegonuja, Uusuausayun Ha no4saTa Ha Maxeouuja, Kuura 2, / Cronje 1995, 25. 4D, Koragevié, Slatina, Zelenikovo-naselje starcevacke srupe, AP 6, ADS, Beograd 1964; M. Papaurauu - P. Cna- 1 This text represents a short section from the gradua- tion work defended at 23.03.2006, at the Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Art History and Archaeology, under the mentorate of prof.d-r Dragi Mitrevski: 2 “Systematic archaeological excavations at Neolithic and Metal age cultures in the Skopje's ravine” concern the sites: “Slatina” Zelenikovo and “Cerje” Govrlevo. 3-V. Sanev, Mladoto kameno doba vo Makedonija vo dosegasnite arheoloski istrazuvanja, Naseljavanje i naselja u praistoriji, Materijali XIV, Prilep 1976, 68-73: ibid, Neolitor i neolitskite kulturi vo Makedonija, Civilizacii_ na pocvata na Makedonija, Vol 2. Skopje 1995, 25 4D. Koradevié, Slatina, Zelenikovo-naselje starcevacke grupe, AP 6, ADI, Beograd 1964; M. GaraSanin - G. Spa- 69»Tym6a* Mayapn;> ,[epje“ Tonpreno® w »Cpetcesto“ Mpuienyu.7 OCOBEHOCTH HA HEOAHTCKATA KYKA Equa pooGuyaewa Heonmreka Kyka mper- crapypa HajMama camoctojia ej{MHHUa BO cpyk- rypara Ha HaceaGara. Ox HeToBpemexmTe cocea- HM KYKH, Taa copes apXeOMOMIKUTe NOZaTONA, ToManky 11H noBeKe Oma oABOEKA co croGoREH Mpocrop M Mpereranypa caMocroja apxurex- roucka wennHa.S OPHEHTALWJA HA KYKATA Opuewraumjara wa Kykata Bo wacea6aTa Guna yenoneHa of HeKomky RaXxXHM MpenycnoEH, Ko ceKorall Ouse croro nownTyBaHH of HeomutcKute rpagurem. OcHOBHH HacoKH KOH Kou Gu Moxesa equa HeomHTcKa KyKa ga ce TlocTabH, MpaeHcrReHo Guste: pexara, esepoTo WI HBBOpOT CO BORA, CIPOTHBHO Of MpaBenor Ha fyBare Ha maguire ReTpORH, KOH NaTeKaTa Ha WBWKeHe Ha coueto. CeKaKo ce BAKHH yenouTe KOM ce nojapune Kaj pasBHeunTe HeOHTCKHTe HacenGu a Toa Ouse: WeHTpaKHOT cnoGogeH Mpoctop, eHTpamHata ronema rpaj- 6a, KOMYHHKaNMCKHOT cHCTeM H [pyTo. TEXHMKA HA TPAIEIE Ha veTupu soKaauteTH of CxomeKata KOTIHHa ce BPUIEHH cucTeMaTCKH H saMITHTHH apxeomOUIKH HeKonyBatba Kaye BO ToBeKe KaM- Tali ce OTKpHeHH Toneke 2MBeaTHMITA-KYKH. Ha noxanutetor ,CaaTuna” Kaj SeneHnKoRo ce KoncraTupanat 3 KyKH a HeTpaxeHa e cao ena, “Tumba” Madzari;5 “Sretselo” Mrsevci.7 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEOLITHIC HOUSE “Cerje” Govrlevo® and A usual Neolithic house represents the smallest independent unit in the structure of the settlement. From the synchronous neighboring houses, by the archaeological data it was more or less divided with free space and represents independent architectural entity.8 HOUSE ORIENTATION Orientation of the house in the settlement was conditioned by several preconditions, which were always strictly respected by the Neolithic builders. Main directions towards which a Neolithic house could settle, primarily were: the river, the lake or the spring with water, opposite of the side where cold winds blow, toward the sun movement path. Surely important are the conditions, which emerged at developed Neolithic settlements, and those are: free central space, big central building, communication system ete. ‘TECHNIQUE OF BUILDING At four sites of the Skopje’s ravine systematic and preservation archaeological digs had been per- formed where in more campaigns lot of habitations- houses had been discovered. At the site of “Slati in Zelenikovo 3 houses are stated and examined concka, Hoau ucxoityeaiea 60 Seaenuxoso Kaj Cxonje, MAA 2, Ipunen 1976; M. Papauranun M. Bux6uja, Kyxa 140 3eaenuxoao, MAA 9, Cxonije 1988. 5B. Canes, Heoauiicko ceemunuuime 09 Tym6a 60 Mayapu, Cxoncko, MAA 9, Ckonje 1988; A. L. Moskalewska V. Sanev, Preliminary analysis of bone rem- ants of animals from the neolithic archeological site Tuba Madzari near Skopje (Yugoslavia), MAA 10, Skopje 1989. 6 3. reoprues M. BunOuja, Heoaudcka nacea6a Kaj Toopaeso, xu. IX, Cxonje 1984; M. Bilbija, Cerje neolitsko naselje, AP 1985, Ljubljana 1986. 7 V, Saney, Sretselo / Mrsevci, AP 1987, Ljubljana 1989. 8 J. Panu, Exonosuxa w couujaano exonomcru ognocu y Heoautty RogyHascKo-toKopascKoe GaceKa, Heonur Lleurpanor Baakana, Beorpag 1968, 38. 70 Sovska, Novi iskopuvanja vo Zelenikovo kaj Skopje, MAA 2. Prilep 1976; M. GaraSanin M. Bilbija, Kuka I vo Zelenikovo, MAA, Skopje 1988. 5 -V. Sanev, Neolitsko svetiliste od Tumba vo Madjari. Skopsko, MAA 9, Skopje 1988; A. L. Moskalewska V. Sanev. Preliminary analysis of bone remnants of animals from the neolithic archeological site Tumba Madzari near Skopje (Yugoslavia), MAA 10, Skopje 1989. 67. Georgiev M. Bilbija, Neolitska naselba kaj Govrlevo. kn. IX, Skopje 1984; M. Bilbija, Cerje neolitsko naselje, AP 1985, Ljubljana 1986. 7 V. Sanev, Sretselo / Mrsevci, AP 1987, Ljubljana 1989. 8 J. Gli8ié, Ekonomika i socijalno ekonomski odnosi u neolitit podunavsko-pomoravskog basena, Neolit Centralnog Balka- nna, Beograd 1968, 38IN SKOPIE Tusa. \ | ncoutnic ce Ca. J Kapia ua neoauttickuite aoxaaumenu 60 cxollckuom petuon va ,.Tym6a" Mayapu 7 Kyku 4 egio cperunmmte; Mega apxUTeKTOHCKa cTpykTypa of HcKonY- paibaa Bo 2005, Koja ¢ HetlenocHo ncTpaxeHa, wLepje“ Kaj Tospzeso 3!0 4 ,Cpetcexo“ Mpuwesym ce KoxcraTupanm m napunjanno werpaxennt 2 Kyka. Bo onoj nex ke Gugar pasrnenann cnequnpe apxitTeKToHcKu enemeHTH: 4, Hoopuunaiia 60 xeadpaidypa u opuenitiayuja, 6. Movoia na xykaitia, ¢. CilonGoeutte nocanu, 4 Sudoouitie na xykaita u nuenaiia dexopayuja, 0. Kposoia w 4 Oiteopuiie sa cociauna u eniliusauuja, Fig. 1 Map of the Skopje Region with the neolithical sites only one, at “Tumba” Madzari 7 houses and one sanctuary, and an architectural structure from the excavations in 2005? which is incompletely exam- ined, “Cerje” Govrlevo 3 houses!0 and in “Sretselo” Mrsevei 2 houses are stated and partially examined. In this part the following architectural elements will be observed: a: Surface in square meters and orientation, b: House’s floor, : Supporting pillars, d: House’s walls and their decoration, f: The roof and g: Light openings and ventilation. ° Bo genor namawer sa ,TyMOa" Mayapu xe Gune ApeseuTupan u HeoOjane MaTepujan og uckonysamaTa uappurenu 2005 roauua, Gaaronapuocr go ¢ppanuycKuor apxeonoror K. Komaixx. Ha mpocropor e otxpuexo eANO HeomuTcKo xuBeanMUITe Ha KOE AOMpBA MY NpeT- crow uckonysaise. 10 Kopucteuu ce HeonyGaukysaum potorpaduu of uckonynamara ox 1982-1985, 3a Kou cpyeuno My ce jaGnaropapysaM Ha apxeonorot Munou BuaSuja of Mysej na pag Cxonje. 9 At the part set for “Tumba” Madjari unpublished material is going to be presented, thankfully to the French archaeologist C. Commenge. There is Neolithic habitation discovered in the area which now waits ready for the excavation. 10 Unpublished photographs from the excavations from 1982-1985 are used, for which I sincerely express thanks to archaeologist Milos Bilbija from the Museum of City Skopje. 71TI ren eonsonas 1B énoconsanauoripor non ee mere cme Ca. 2 Kya 11 09 Hepje, ceo Toopaeso Fig. 2 Hause Il, the site of Cerje, Govrlevo village i i eis Ca. 3 Kyka 100 Caarwuna, Seaenwixoso (ct. M. Tapawanun uM. Bua6uja) Fig. 3 Hause I, Slatina, Zelenikovo (acc. M.Garasanin @ and M. Bilbija) ° i . a ert -. ! i . 18 L . = ne a) oes a oe Y pe Ca. 4 Caemuauuitie Tyu6a Mavap “ - ° @ (cu. B. Canes) Fig. 4 Sanctuary Tumba Madjart (ace ¥ Sanev)a, Hoepuunaitia 60 keadpailiypa u Opueniiiayuja Cure orkpuenn xykm uMane knanpatHa iH npasoaromua bopMa Ka ocuosara: ~ ,Cnaruua”, kygara I umana gumensuja camo Ha WcTOMHaTa H jyakHaTa cTpaNa of sHqoT, 6,60 Metpu.!1 — ,Tym6a", cnerammmtero 6uno co jUMeHSHja 9x9 MetpH mM opueHTannja nerox-sanag,!2 4 HeKoH of KyKuTe “aH AUMeHIUH Gane 4x4, 8x8, 10x5 merpu.!3 — Uepje*, xyéara I umana qumensuja on 4.5x4,5 menpu u opuenranuja ucrox-sanag.!4 »Cperceno" sapagu saurTHTHoTo ucKonysare Gun oncparex mpocrop of 3,50x8 Metpu Bo Koj un KoucraTupax KysTypen caoj og 1,5 metpH (He e mpoxajgeno XuBeanmureTo Bo yemuua).!5 6. Novot ua xykaita Tlogor ua kykara Bo apxurexroneKa cmucna Sux rpayeH Ha HeKoaxy KayuuH. TIppencreno ux unsernpan mpocropor Bp3 Koj TpeGano ga ce MocTaBu Mogor, moroa ce nocrasyBasa cyn- ctpykuujata (cureH sacGnen peyen Kamen, Hapeyena ApseHa pemeTKa mH cnoGoAKo HaGH- ena 3emja). Ha xpajor ce Hanecypana semja 13- MeulaHa co rHHa H Ha HeKoM Mecta Guna Zo6po MasueTa. ¢. Cilioa6oeuitie nocayu Cron6osute Hocaun Ha KykaTa 6une noy- 4a60Ko BKONyBaHM BO USHHBeNMpanaTa 3eMja TospsyBaun MefyceGHo co MoManH KonuM. HeSenn cre6na (0,25-050m),!6 o6an u o6paGore- HH Tpequ Gune cmMecTyBaHu OOHYHO Ha arnuTe, RouruTe erpaMu, TecHRTe cTpaxH H No HOMKUKA Ha OcoOBHHaTa Ha KykaTa of BHaTpe. THe co3- Rabane cHAHa pemteTKacra erpyKTypa m Oune oca4u Ha Weslava craTHKa Ha KykaTa. aa: Surface in square meters and orientation, Alll of the discovered houses had square or rec- tangular form at their base: “Slatina” Zelenikovo, house I had dimensions at east and south side of the wall, solely 6,60 meters, !1 “Tumba” Madzari, sanctuary was with dimen- sions 9x9 meters and orientation east-west,!2 and some of the houses which dimensions were 4x4, 8x8, 10x5 meters.13 “Cerje” Govrlevo, house I had dimensions of 4,5x4,5 meters and orientation east-west.!4 “Sretselo” Mrsevci, because of the preserva- tion excavation the space was encircled of 3,50x8 meters in which cultural layer of 1,5 meter was stat- ed (the habitation wasn’t found in a whole piece).!5 . House’s floor. House's floor in the architectural term was built in a few ways. Mainly the space was leveled where the floor was intended to be placed, than there was substructure inserted (granular rounded river stone, lined-up lattice or freely stamped-down earth). At the end the mixture of earth and clay was deposited which at some places was well polished. : Supporting pillars. House’s supporting pillars were deeper dug up into the leveled ground and interconnected by smaller posts. Thick trunks (0,25-0,50 m),!6 round- ed and manufactured posts were placed usually at the angles, long sides, tight sides and across the length of the axis of the house inside. They were Producing strong latticed structure and were bearers of whole of the statics of the house ‘1M, Papauranin M. Bux6uja, 1988, 34 128. Canes, 1988, 12 13 1]. Sapankoncu, Haxunom na tpagewe na neoaut- cxutie Kyku, Kyatypio acaeqerso 14/15, Cxonje 1990, 15. 14M. Bilbija, 1986, 36. 15.B. Canes, 1989, 41. 16M, Fapawanun, M. Bun6uja, Kya I 60 Serenuxoeo, MAA 9, Cxonje 1988, 33. 11M. GaraSanin M. Bilbija, 1988, 34 12V, Saney, 1988, 12 13D. Zdravkovski, Nacinot na gradenje na neolitskte kuki, Kulturno nasledstvo 14/15, Skopje 1990, 75. 14M. Bilbifa, 1986, 36. 15'V, Sanev, 1989, 41 16 M. GaraSanin, M. Bilbija, Kuka I vo Zelenikovo, MAA 9, ‘Skopje 1988, 33. 73Ca. 5 Tlogom na negoouxpueromo xuseaauuute, Fig. 5 Floor of the not entirely excavated habitation, ‘Mauapu, uckonysarse 2005 (como K. Koxanx) Madzari excavation year 2005 (photo C. Commenge) Ca. 7 Jaa namenctta sa citioa6 uoca na jyeouc- Ca. 6 Mogom upeo xpiteenuxom-neanuua u tewxamia, Cail aN 3 ie AIRE RL CREA Toapaeao (homo M. Bua6uja) Ath Fig. 6 Floor before the aiar-mill and he oven, Govrlevo Fig. 7 Pt intended for supporting pillar from the south- (photo M. Bilbija) eastern wall ofthe house, Govrlevo (photo M. Bilbija) (photo M. Bilbija) Ca, 8 Sugno aaatino (aetiex) co omtucoyu 09 Koat u gexopayuyja Ha sugoautTe Fig. 8 Wall texture (mud-brick) with post impressions and wall decoration 74% Sudoeuite ua xykaiia u nusnaiia dexopayuja Sugosure wa kyXure wa mpocropor Ha Baskavor po TeKoT wa Wenwor HeonuT One rpajenm Ka equa Hera rpaqurencKa Tpagunuja. Og nperxoguo goGuenara apsena KoNeTpyKUMja oy nogeGemu KomuM HocauH, ce HagzonomHypan Mpocropor co moTeHKH KOMUH KOH Mefyce6e ce HoBpsyBase co XOPUSOHTANHH MpadKH WM rpaH- ku Taka cosjapane upper mpener. Tlotoa npenaetor Gun oOMaukypan co cmeca (memex) of 3emja, ramHa, oprancxa Matepnija (cyBa Tpewa, 1poGeHa cnaMa, ocraToust on mpolecor Ha ppilewe Ha :knTOTO), Mann KaMeHUMIba a NOHEKOTaIM Map\itiba KepaMuKka. Taa ceca noroa ce Ma3Hema 1 of Hagpopeut- Hata HON BHaTpeMiMaTa cTpawa, Taka 7a sUZOT gocrurnysan Moroaema yeGenuua (0,15-0,30 M),!7 Toa Guo yesoB 3a ROGpa TepMauKa H30- Haninja w sauTHta of Bara. SuAMaTa Maca HeKo- Tau Oa H AeKOppana, Goena HH TacTHAHO peutapana (Ca. 8). a. Kpos Kposor kako apxurekroucKn ememenT He eMe Bo cocToj6a Ha TepeH Aa ro cornenaMe, 3apa- Au Heronata oprancka npupoga. Kyéure 4ecto ctpagase BO MloxKapH, oprauckHoT MaTepujan (mpauka w cnama) ropes, Taka ITO MpH apxeo- AOMIKHTe UCKONYBawa Ha HOBpUIHATa Of MOLOT Na KykaTa ce saGenexysa TeHOK c7oj upHa semja. Moxeme ja mpetnoctapume, cropeg MpuMepuTe Of MogeauTe Ha KyKH-KPTBEHMUM WIM KPTREHMI OR THOT FoneMa Majka, Kako usraegasx Kpopor. Ila cntorpeg Toa ro mpukaxky- BaMe KaKO KpOB Ha ABE BOJM, KYMONecT WAH pamex (Cx. 9). & Baesoou, oiteopu aa cocit.suna u geniiuaayuja Buesosute, orsopure 3a qoOupame Ha cBeTAHMa HM OTBOpHTe 3a BeHTHTAUMja Ha BO3- AYXOT, Ha eTHOT HAYHH BO WeNOCT He cMe BO Moxuocr fla rH cormeqame. Tipermocranypame eka MoxHiK MpHMepH OH ww One Makerute Ha KykH Ha Kom ce mper- 17M. Papauanun, M. BunGuja, 1988, 33. d: House’s walls and their decoration House walls at the Balkans area during the entire Neolithic were built at one and the same building tradition. By previously obtained wooden construction from thicker supporting posts, the space was filling up with thinner posts that were connected between with horizontal sticks or branch- s and so they produced strong interlace. Than the interlace was greased with a sub- stance (mud-brick) made of earth, clay, organic sub- stance (dry grass, crumbled straw, remains of the process of wheat threshing), small stones and some- times pottery fragments. Than the substance was polished from the exterior and interior side, so the wall was getting bigger thickness (0,15-0,30 m),!7 it was a condition for a good thermic isolation and protection from humidity. Wall mass was sometimes decorated, painted or plastically solved. (Fig.8). f: The roof ‘We cannot observe the roof as architectural ele- ment at a terrain, because of its organic nature. The houses frequently suffered fires, organic material (sticks and straw) had burt, and so during the archaeological excavations at the surface of the house’s floor thin layer of black earth can be spot- ted. We can suppose the roofs outlook, according to the models of the houses-altars or altars of the Big Mother iype. According to this we show it as a two- sided roof, domed or flat (Fig.9). Entrances, light openings and ventilation. The same way as the sample before, entrances, light giving openings and openings for air ventila- tion, we are unable to observe. We suppose that possible examples would be the house-models where rectangular, oval and ellip 17 M. GaraSanin, M. Bilbija, 1988, 33. 3scraseHm mpanoaronHH, OBaNKH H exuMcoBHAT orsopn (Ca. 10). Orsopor 3a nenTunannja Te. 5a UgeryBake Ha YaZoT og oTROpeHOTO Oritl- Te HMeNKata HajpepojaTHo ce Haofan Ha HajBu- cOKUOT ex On KPOROT Ha KyKaTA. 3ABPIIHM COPMIELYBAIbA Heoautexnor nepwog og BankancKo-ana- OCKHOT KYATYPeH KOMITEKC € ORGeseraH co caUMeH HauHH Ha Tpageme Ha xKMReamMUITaTA: Hako wa HeKon mpocropH mpoyos2kiU KEBOTOT Bo neurrepute. Suan KuBeaTUMTeTO ceKoraul ce rpazesto Bo ONHSHHa Ha H3BOp CO BoAa 3a Mere (OTOK, peka, esepo). Kako MaTepujan 3a rpagee Ouse Kopiicrenu 3emja, ,ppo Hu Kamex. Ce Toa ,o6u- eHo of Hemocpenuata oKonwHa. IlTo sau oKomMHaTa Hrpana 3HaiajHa yxora Bo TexXHHKa- ‘ra Ha Tpageibe, OAKOcHO 3a4ecTeHocTa BO ymO- ‘TpeGata Ha onpemenm MaTepHjamH. Bo Baakancko-awagoackuor xysTypert KoMruleKc Ome eBNeHTHpAHH HeKONKY HavHEH Ha rpageme Ha XuBeanmuITaTa, co TysH (Kep- THY), co Mperler Ha TpawKH H seme u co HaGn- pase Ha seMja. Ha noxannteror ..Bapyruuya® AusaGero- bo, M. Pun6yrac saGesexasa JeKa BO MepHoRoT va AusaGerono I Gum KopmeTen Kepnm4 KaKo MaTepujam 3a rpafeme Ha mpapoaromun xyKu.! Ho, Bo cKomcKHoT perHou cure pocera He- ‘TpaxeHH KMBeATHUITA GuLe H3TpaneHH of Mpe- nuleT Ha TpaHKH OGneMeH of AReTe cTpaHH co semja nomemaka co rmHMa, cnaMKu, mena, uri KaMewumea. PpaqOwre ce KBaypaTHu 1 MpawoaromHu BO OcHOBATa co MacHBHH sHAOBIL MWHPOKH H 70 0,20M, co cHIHM KomM HocaNH Ha yenata Kykéua Koxerpykunja.!9 Mogor 6ux of HaOuena senja, Ho Hexoramr KOMGmHUpaH 1 co soid openings are shown. (Fig.10). Ventilation opening i.e. smoke exit from the open oven and the stove was most possibly placed at the highest part of the house's roof. FINAL CONSIDERATION Neolithic period of the Balkano-Anatolian cul- tural complex is marked with similar way of habita- tion building. Although at some places the cave life continued. So the habitation was always buiit near the drinking water spring (brook, river, lake). As a building material earth, wood and stone were used, All of this was provided from the vicinity. It means that the environment played important role in the building technique, regarding to frequent use of specific materials. In Balkano-Anatolian cultural complex several ways of habitation building were recorded, by bricks (unbaked brick), by interlace of branches and mud (mud-brick) or by stamping down the earth. ‘At the site of “Barutnica” Anzabegovo, M.Gimbutas had noted that at Anzabegovo I period brick was used as material for building the rectan- gular houses.18 But, in Skopje’s region by so far all of the habi- tations were built of interlace of branches glued from both sides with earth mixed up with clay, straw, shaff, little stones. Buildings were square and rectangular in the base with massive broad walls somewhere up to 0,20 m, with strong supporting piles at the entire house construction.!9 Floor was made of stamped-down earth, but sometimes com- 18 5, Hawkes, Prethistorija, Historija Covecanstva (kulturni i naucni razvoj), svezak I, knj. I, Zagreb 1966, 288; M. Gimbutas, Neolithic Macedonia, Los Angeles, California 1976, 32: M. GaraSanin, Centralna balkanska zona, 80: Praistorija Jugoslovenskih Zemalja, Kaj. II, Sarajevo 1979, 98. 19 v, Sanev, Some characteristics of the Anzabegovo-Vrsnik cultural group in Macedonia, 00: The Neolithic in the Middle Morava valley, Belgrade 2004, 43. "6 18 J, Hawkes, Prethistorija, Historija Covecanstva (kulturni i naucni razvoj), svezak I, knj. I, Zagreb 1966, 288; M. Gimbutas, Neolithic Macedonia, Los Angeles. California 1976, 32: M. GaraSanin, Centraina batkanska zona, 80: Praistorija Jugoslovenskih Zemalja, Knj. Il, Sarajevo 1979, 98. 19 V, Sanev, Some characteristics of the Anzabegovo-Visnik ‘cultural group in Macedonia, no: The Neolithic in the Middle Morava valley, Belgrade 2004, 43.Ca. 9 Kpmieenunu, wogeau na kyu Ca. 10 Moxcnu apumepu sa toa kaxo us2aegaae omsoputtie 30 ates u 90GusaIve ceemiaUna Kaj HeoautMeKuite Ky: cumeH Jenex Koj O6HIHO GUN OGmeNyBaH Mpoc- TOpoT OKOAY APTHEHMKOT-MeAHMMa H KAOTHA- (Seneunxoso Toppzepo). Hajsaragoven 6ua KpoBot, Ho Hero MoxeMe pa To mpernoctasuMe, cnopenysajku ru nloBpekeTo Ta meuka OTKPHeHH Mofenm Ha 2KPTBeHMI- KYKu, OTKpHeHH Ma loneke MoKanTeTH BO Maxenounja, Vcrpaxenure xyku HM gapaaT uncra HHopMaunja 3a BHaTpeuHOTO ypepyBatie, noyenGata no mpocropuu u eKoHoMujata. Kykwre ox ckonckuor perion uMane ape noce6- Fig. 10 Possible examples about how the entrance and light-giving openings at Neolithic houses looked like bined with strong mud-brick, which was usually glued at the space around the altar-mill and spheri- cal stove (Zelenikovo and Govrlevo). Most intrigu- ing was the roof, but it can be supposed, comparing to the many of the discovered models of altar-hous- €s, at a territory of the Republic of Macedonia. Explored houses are giving clear information about interior arrangement, division of the rooms and economy. Houses from Skopje’s region had two separate rooms, divided with low foundation at aHM MPocTopHH, OMAeNeHH CO HHCKO HOKE Ha Koe BepojaTHo mMano NperiueTeHa mperpayla, Koja ro ommemyara WeHTpanHoT Mpoctop Of eKOHOM- ckHOT HAH MpocTopor 3a Mpunpemate Ha xpaHa- ‘ra of Mpocropor 3a onMop. Ypuarata xyka ro couysana nocnequHoT MOMEHT Ha XKHBOTOT BO Hea, HejsHHMOT HHBAH- ‘Tap, cafoBMTe H MpemMeTHTe of ceKojAHERHHOT XUBOT Ha HEONHTCKHOT YoBeK, OTKPUBAjK Hu TH HeTOBHTe 3aMicMH 3a MpoMHHUTe BO NPHpO- ara H HeroROTO MecTO RO Hea. Toxescxu Mrop, yam. apxeonor KonTaKT: —itolevski@yahoo.com AKEIOHC which there was possibly interlaced partition wall, that was dividing central space from the economic or food preparation space from the relaxation space. Collapsed house had kept the last living moment in it, its inventory, vessels and objects from the everyday life of the Neolithic man, revealing us his thoughts of changes in nature and his place in it Tolevski Igor, B. A. (archaeol) contact: _itolevski@yahoo.com ACTIEJICTBO ACEDONIANL LERITAGE Bp. 32 CHEUMIJAJIHO M3HAHME TMOCBETEHO HA TIPOBJIEMMTE HA MCYE3HATMOT IPA NEAATOHWYJA No 32 SPECIAL EDITION DEDICATED TO THE PROBLEMS OF THE LOST ANTIQUE TOWN PELAGONIA 73