212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 | More ro Blog Sign a THEDIES E J ‘Sueay, 3 March 2018 IMPACT OF RURAL TOURISM ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY: EVIDENCE FROM KUMBALANGI Kumbalangi is 2 village in central Kerala close to the port town of Cochin. It hhas a vast stretch of backwaters connected by interlocking waterways to the whole of Kerala. Vast stretches of serene backwaters, ideal setting for country boat cruises, indigenous fishing, crab farming and prawn culture are enough for an Indian village to attract tourists. These are all available in plenty at Kumbalangi and has led the Kerala Tourism Department to select it asthe first ‘model tourism village of the State. Now Kumbalangi is fully prepared to eam the benefits from its natural beauty and the specialties of unique village life. A warm and friendly village folk - farmers, fishermen and boatmen-await the tourists. They take travellers to the sea and paddy fields. In the evenings, the travellers experience an exceptionally soothing atmosphere by walking along the mangroves in the tranquillity of the cool wind. Kumbalangi, a tiny beautiful island village off Kochi in Kerala, is an example of how an underdeveloped fishing village has become a thriving eco tourist destination over the past few years, benefiting the local fisher folk who run homestays. This island is under the Integrated Tourism Village project and is a unique initiative to transform the tiny island as a model fishing village and eco-tourism hotspot. Here at ‘thodieso}blogspot.com20101 About Me “Thedies View my comp prote ¥ 20192) ¥ March (1) IMPACTOF RURAL TOURISM ‘ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND SO. > samary(t) > 2017 (12) ans212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 the eco-tourism destination of Kumbalangi, one can fully savour a variety of natural splendours, and paramount to a model tourist village, the outstanding ecological balance of the location The model tourist village Dotted with homestays famous for coastal delicacies, the island gives tourists a peak into tho local way of life and living. Kumbalangi was developed as the State's first model tourism village as part of Kerala government's rural development efforts. The self-sustaining eco-tourism destination of Kumbalangi ensures employment opportunities to locals. As it stands, Kerala scores high as a tourist destination in the country. The model tourist village of Kumbalangi which is an ideal eco- tourism destination by virtue of its abundance in natural resources, is a veritable treat to its visitors with the famous Chinese fishing nets and many other sights to savour. As part of the model village project at Kumbalangi, a nearby island near Palluruthy would also have plenty of interesting vistas and activities in the near future. This coastal hamlet without doubt provides a fascinating glimpse of the simple and prosperous livelihood of the villagers, and also unravels the age-old, ‘magnificent cultural heritage of the place, This village has its own natural beauty. KUMBALANGHI BACKWATERS ‘Vast serene backwater stretches, indigenous fishing, perfect setting for a country boat, prawn culture and erab farming, all these describe the Indian village of Kumbalangi, All these factors are cnough for any Indian village to attract, ‘hedioso)blogspot.com2018) 205212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 tourists and Kumbalangi possesses all these in abundance, Kumbalangi presents an astounding mix of contemporary holiday spot and specialties of a conventional but unique village life. Here travellers can not only enjoy the tranquillity of backwaters but can also experience village life at its best Friendly and warm village folk of Kumbalangi await tourists and take them to see the paddy fields and incredible sea, The visitors can experience an exceptionally tranquil atmosphere by walking along the mangroves with cool and soothing winds from the sea. backwaters However, the major attraction of this island village remains its only. Kumbalangi is surrounded by beautiful backwaters and a ring of amazing Chinese fishing nets circle this unique village-island where one can witness one of the richest aquatic lives. A long array of mangroves separate water from land. aiding perfect breeding ground for small fish, oysters, crabs, prawns etc. The close proximity to the city of Cochin makes Kumbalangi is an ideal getaway destination for travellers who are craving to discover something unique, very basic but new. It has rightly acquired the tile of first Model Tourism Village of India. This place is actually a dream come true for the ones who seek pleasure by staying. close to nature, conserved eco-systems and preserved environments. Blessed with intimate interlocking of vast stretches of backwaters, Kumbalangi presents the ultimate way of relaxing and enjoying tranquillity. There are number of water bodies which cares the village of Kumbalangi, before flowing into the Arabian Sea, ‘hediese)blogspot.com2019) an.212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 PRESENT STATUS OF KUMBALANGHI The sound and the fury that accompanied the arrival of this quiet fishing village on the tourism map of the world via the Kumbalangi Integrated Tourism Village project have died down, Rolled out at the end of 2003, the project promised 10 transform the 15-sq. km-island into what Kerala Tourism Department website called “a model fishing village and tourism spot” ‘The evolution of a clean fishing village where tourists could be comfortable was the comerstone of the project, said K, Murali Menon, architect of the project, who also prepared its master plan. The plans were centred on evolving a tourism ‘model that boosted the local economy and helped local entrepreneurs bloom. Environment protection, building infrastructure and preserving local culture and fares were other key objectives. Ten years on, ministers and dignitaries are no ‘more seen in newspaper reports as frequently visiting the village or cutting ribbons at the village functions. The iconic Chinese fishing nets that dotted the sides of the Perumpadappu- Kumbalangi bridge are slowly disappearing from the skyline. Plastic containers and bags have been carelessly abandoned even in paddy fields.The dream of using the project to revive cultivation of the salt-water resistant pokkali rice, which received geographical indication registration several years ago, has gone Road access to the mode! tourism village is narrow all along, and dismal along several stretches. There are hardly any footpaths along most of the length of the road that takes you from National Highway 47 t0 the southern end of the island. There are no longer talks of a ring road for Kumbalangi that would have allowed tourists to walk around the island to take in its stunning sceneries. Storm water canals are few and far in between on the island, home to nearly 40,000 people. Drinking water is still rationed. Mammoth rows of empty water pots, waiting for water tankers, are common sights along the road that cuts through the middle of the island. TOURISM AND ENVIRONMENT Environmental impact’s measurement is important because people’s support for tourism development depends upon their attitudes towards environmental changes. ‘Most of the natural resources used in tourism are either common or public property. Unplanned and reckless use of these resources with profit motive will ultimately bring home what is labeled as “The Tragedy of the Commons”, Livelihood of people around the Kumbalanghi is very much related to water, the agricultural fishing activities depends on the quality of the water Tourism is affecting the environment and ecosystem of the Kumbalanghi Panchayath. Putting plastic wastes and food wastes from the resorts were the major source of backwaters pollution. But it is found that the people living in the banks of ‘hadioso} blogspot com2018!212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 backwaters using the water for household purposes. Due to this reason the diseases were spreading rapidly in this region Plastic wastes are tremendous in this are due to the lack of proper waste disposal, IMPACT OF RURAL TOURISM It may be pointed out that from the perspective of the local community members there are obvious benefits to the local community because of rural tourism, and further that the behaviour of tourists to the local people has been quite encouraging. However, it is equally important to note the fact there are adverse effects of rural tourism on the society and environment which in turn may adversely affect the sustainability of tourism projects in the long run. As high as 61.67 per cent of the local community members have felt that rural tourism would definitely degrade the natural environment, This fact points to the utmost need for remedial measures for mitigating the environmental harm. because of rural tourism and for preserving the environmental quality Regarding the nature of environmental degradation arising from rural tourism, it is noted that waste disposal by the tourists creates the highest amount of degradation and is followed by other major problems like pollution of water bodies and destruction of animals, birds and plants, Notwithstanding the fact, that rural tourism benefits the socicty and its members, there arc some inconveniences and nuisances that the focal people have to face because of rural tourism. Of these inconveniences, the most common one as perceived by the local people is that rural tourism affects their privacy. Other major inconveniences include, waste disposal issues, noise and water pollution. As high as one-tenth of the local people feel that they experience all the above sorts, of inconveniences. CONCLUSION Tourism Industry is the one of the fast growing sector in the world which gives foreign exchange and employment opportunity, Even though the backwater tourism in and around the Kumbalanghi Panchayath have the positive impact on the economy it has several negative impacts also, Livelihood of people living around the area is affected because of the water pollution. The decrease in the fish species due to the water pollution affects the people who eam through fishery. Major problems due (o the backwater tourism are solid and liquid wastes, and unplanned construction, The mangrove swamps are affected because of the construction of resorts and hotels for tourism. Mangrove swamps are the breeding site for many fish species and birds. Due to the declining of ‘mangrove forest in the region there is a great decline of many species in the region. SUGGESTIONS = Deliberate efforts by the Government are required for better promotion of rural tourism, by showcasing the customs, traditions, cuisines, fairs and festivals ete. of specific spots. Various traditional tourism products should be promoted along. with rural tourism. = Tourists destinations, including rural tourism spots, be kept clean and hygienic always, Scientific and sustainable ways of waste disposal should be ensured in all tourism destinations, particularly rural tourism destinations like Kumbalangi, = Pollution of the water bodies as well as noise pollution because of rural tourism, initiatives should be controlled. Strict measures to prevent the use of plastics and such other inorganic materials, strict directives to invariably use the waste bins specifically installed for waste disposal by the authorities, and adherence to various accepted standards are of cardinal significance. ‘hadioso} blogspot com2018!212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 Strict measures are required to prevent the destruction of plants, birds and animals because of rural tourism initiatives. Because, otherwise the bio~ diversity and ecology may be affected and so also the long-term sustainability of the destinations. Besides, the very attraction of rural tourism is in the presence of diverse types of such flora and fauna in the respective destinations REFERENCES 1. Ajith Kumar M.K. (1998), Psychographic and Demographic Profiles of Foreign Tourists Visiting Kerala with special reference to Spending Patterns, Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Cochin University of Science and ‘Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, Kerala 2. Vijayakumar, B., 2009, “Tourism in Kerala — an Overview’, in Vijayakumar, B. and Sam,N., 2009, Sustainable Development of Tourism in Kerala: Issues and Strategies, ‘Thiruvananthapuram: International Centre for Kerala Studies, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, pp. 5-20 Manoj P. K. (2015), “Employment Generation from Rural Tourism: A Field ‘Study of the Local Community at Kumbalangi, Kerala”, International Journal of Applied Services Marketing Perspectives (JASMP), Vol. 4, No. 4, Oct-Dec. 2015, pp.1880-1888, ‘hadioso} blogspot com2018!212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 Posted by Thesis at 22:47, No comments A STUDY ON ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANTS. IN KUMBALANGHI PANCHAYATH Thedies EJ IVth semester B.Ed student StJoseph College of Teacher Education For women, Emakulam Email: thediedjosephdaddu@gmail.com ABSTRACT ‘A medicinal plant is a plant that has similar properties as conventional pharmaceutical drugs. Humans have used them throughout history to either cure oF lessen symptoms from an illness. These medicinal plants are considered as a rich resources of ingredients which can be used in drug development and synthesis. Besides that these plants play a critical role in the development of human cultures around the whole world.But in the present days the value of medicinal plants is declining day by day. The study will help to identify the ‘medicinal plant sources and their availability in Kumbalanghi village thereby proper conservation strategics can be implemented for their protection. The present study will pave the way to create awareness regarding the conservation of endangered medicinal plants and motivate the villagers to protect them, INTRODUCTION Our planet's spectacular web of life supplies countless gifts to humanity. Healthy wild ecosystems clean the water we drink and produce the air we breathe, the foods we cat, the medicines that cure and protect us, and the ‘materials that form our shelter and clothing. Wild ecosystems moderate our climate and mitigate natural hazards such as hurricanes, floods, and landslides. They even protect us from pests and diseases for example, species such as spiders literally filter insects from the air, just as plant roots filter disease ‘hadioso} blogspot com2018! m5212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 organisms and pollutants from streams and other water sources. Individuals, communities, and economies depend on intact diverse native wild lands for all, of these irreplaceable services. Medicinal plants have a holistic approach and aid in proper absorption and digestion. They are not disease specific but act as a preventive medicine that positively effects the overall health and well-being by boosting the immune system. They are at par with allopathic medicines and are at times known to be effective in treating diseases like cancer and autoimmune diseases .They are self-contained and nutritive in nature, therefore, are non-toxic and harmless. It deals with the overall well-being and aims to bring harmony between mind, body and soul. Several metabolic and chronic conditions can be treated without any side effects using Ayurvedic medicines and treatments. Medicinal plants are accessible, affordable and culturally appropriate sources of primary health care, Poor and marginalized, who cannot afford or access formal health care systems, are especially dependent on these culturally familiar, technically simple, financially affordable and generally effective traditional medicines. As such, there is widespread interest in promoting traditional health systems to meet primary health care needs, Kumbalnghi had a rich resource base of medicinal plants, traditional medicines were the sole means of health care for about 65 percent of the population earlier But nowadays the situation was changed due to the scarcity of these medicinal plants. .The medicinal plants are basic raw material for the production of Ayurveda and Unani medicines. Many of the important plant species have been threatened and some of them are on the verge of extension due to unscientific collection by untrained persons and habitat destruction.tn recent years, medicinal plants have also becn gaining immense popularity not only in developing countries but also in developed countries due to various ‘well-known reasons like side effects of synthetic drugs. Therefore, the demand for the basic raw material has been further increased. In view of the aforesaid reasons, there is an urgent need to conserve and fo propagate some important ‘medicinal plants species so as to save them from extinction and also to ensure ‘greater availability of raw material. For this reason investigator selected this project to promote awareness among villagers. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To collect and identify the endangered medicinal plants in Kumbalanghi Panchayath, # To preserve the collected plants. * To create an awareness among the people about the importance of conservation of the plants. METHOD Survey method was used for the present study. Primary data required for the study were collected from selected respondents from — Kumbalanghi gramapanchayath of Emakulam district . The plant specimens were collected and identified. Data on the plant species, local names and parts used, disease treated and mode of preparation and administration of medicine were recorded. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Different endangered medicinal plants in Kumbalanghi Panchayath were identified through the present study. The study was based on simple collection and preservation Therefore no statistical calculations were done. ‘Table shows the medicinal flowers identified and their medicinal uses ‘Common Name Scientific Name Plant par ‘hadioso} blogspot com2018!1212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 2 si 1 from Lewes aspera se sn 2 |agsoaae8 — | Centellaasiatica Teaves 3 |@Xm0a Boerhaviadiffusa Leaves and stem ancdodye hole pla 4 lomo Vernonia cinereal ‘Whole plant s |s@cporm — | Zelipta prostrate ‘Whole plant 6 Jagan Marantaarundinacea Teaves and root Leaves and root 7 |AIMoMAIE!] | Justicia gendarussa QwMcaayal 8 |@nd Emilia sonchifolia Whole plant Leaves and stem 9 Jateodeme | Piyitantius niu 10 | &@eas0g | Qassiaindica Leaves and Bark 11 Jagaeygi Biopotumsensitoam | ror tan 12 ferfessegyoe — | Sonseviriaroxburghiana Whole plant ‘The description of the collected plants are given below: 1. Leucas aspera( O32) Common Leucas is an erect and diffusely branched annual herb. Leaves are linear or oblong, 2.5 to 7.5 cm long with blunt tips and scalloped margins. ‘Whorls are large, terminal and axillary, about 2.5 om in diameter and crowded, with white bell shaped flowers. Calyx is variable, with an upper lip and short, triangular teeth, Eating the plant (as a pot herb) is believed to increase resistance to disease. The leaf sap is used to treat sores of the eyes and nase.The juice of the plant is used in the treatment of fevers, coughs and colds. The bruised leaves are considered to be active against bites of poisonous insects and snakes.The crushed plant is applied hot as a poultice on to wounds and sores.In general, the crushed leaves ‘of Leucas species are applied to wounds, sores, especially those of the eyes and nose, chronic skin diseases, such as psoriasis and scabies. The crushed leaves are also used to treat mild fever, cold, rheumatism and snake bites, and as @ decoction against roundworm, mainly for children. Centellaasiatica( £2) S683O0) ‘hediese)blogspot.com2019) ans.121252019 THEDIES E J: 2019 Centella grows in tropical swampy areas. The stems are slender, creeping stolons, green to reddish-green in color, connecting plants to each other. It has long-stalked, green, rounded apices which have smooth texture with palmately netted veins. The leaves are borne on pericladial petioles, around 2 cm. The rootstock consists of rhizomes, growing vertically down, Centellaasiatica may help reduce swelling and improve circulation in individuals with venous conditions such as varicose veins and venous insufficiency, a condition that causes blood to pool in the legs. Traditionally used to treat_minor wounds, Centellaasiatica contains chemicals known as triterpenoids that appear to speed wound healingHealers have used Centellaasiatica to treat a variety of ailments for thousands of years including leprosy, eczema, psoriasis, respiratory infections, ulcers, cold, hepatitis, epilepsy, fatigue, fevers, asthma and syphilis. 3. Boerhavia diffusat OL}O00) ‘Annual to perennial herb up to 1m tall, sometimes with thick taproot; stem branching mainly from the base, prostrate when young, ascending to erect when flowering, fleshy, green, often flushed with red, glabrescent to short or long hairy with multicellular haits, often glandular, especially around the swollen nodes, Leaves opposite, simple, unequal; stipules absent, This herb can fight the disorders of liver like hepatitis, jaundice, iron deficiency anaemia, anorexia and sluggish liver.Jt also has antimicrobial, anti- inflammatory and antispasmodic properties, which are beneficial in treating urinary tract disorders like chronie and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), including UTIs in pregnancy.The herb stimulates the removal of excess fluids and waste products from the body by promoting urination without electrolytes for potassium loss. Thus, it helps in weight loss. It also works as a mild laxative Leaf extract is quite beneficial for diabetes. It considerably decreases glucose levels in blood and in turn increases plasma insulin levels. 4. Vernonia cinerea(a. BOi90c}Q090) ‘Terrestrial, annual erect herb. The stem is erect and thin with more or less vertical branching. It is usually ribbed and bears short fine hairs. The leaves are simple and alternate, and variable from 2-8 em long and 2-3 em wide. The lower leaves are ovate with entire or sub-entire margins, while the upper leaves are small, linear and irregularly toothed. The juice of the plant is given to children with urinary incontinence, A decoction of itis also given in diarrhoea, stomach ache and for cough and colic pain, Seeds cures diseases caused by roundworms and threadworms, coughs, flatulence, intestinal colic, dysuria, leukoderma, psoriasis and other chronic skin-diseases. Leaves are used in conjunctivitis, and in lacrimation. 5. Belipta prostate (28Q007) A prostrate or reclining to erect, often branched, annual or perennial herb, 30-100 em tall, stem is cylindrical, green or purplish, rooting at basal nodes, and often covered with long white hairs Leaves are oblong to lance-shaped, ‘opposite, sessile or short-stalked, with more or less coarse hairs; margins entire or slightly toothed, up to 2-16 em long. It is used in hair oils.It may be used to prevent habitual abortion and miscarriage and also in cases of post-delivery uterine pain.A decoction of leaves is used in uterine haemorthage. The juice of the plant with honey is given to infants with ‘hedioso)blogspot.com2018) 1015121252019 THEDIES E J: 2019 castor oil for expulsion of worms. ‘The paste prepared by mincing fresh plants hhas got an anti-inflammatory effect and may be applied to insect bites, stings, swellings and other skin diseases. 6. Maranta arundinacea(cjQ) Arrowroot is a perennial plant with a large, fibrous root, The tubers are fleshy and scaly. The plant grows about 3 to 6 feet tall with branching stems.lts creeping rootstock has fleshy tubers, and its many-branched stem, reaching a height of 1.5 metres (5 feet), bears numerous leaves, having long narrow sheaths and large spreading ovate blades, and a few short-stalked white flowers, The flavourless arrowroot is used as a non-irritating, nutritious diet for people with certain chronic diseases, during recovery from an illness, or for certain internal irritations including bladder irritation. It is believed that the herb is an effective treatment for poisoned wounds, including scorpion stings, snake bites, and spider bites. Additionally, arrowroot has been used to treat gangrene.Fresh arrowroot juice mixed with water, if drunk, is said to be an antidote to vegetable poisons.The plant is used as an herbal remedy to alleviate nausea and to replenish nutrients lost through diarrhoca and vomiting. Used as a foot powder to combat excess moisture that may lead to athlete's foot or other foot problems. 1. Justia gendarussat VOM06C08f) Justiciagendarussa is a deciduous shrub growing to 1 m (3ft 3in). The species is hermaphrodite.It is a small, erect, fast-growing, branched shrub . Leaves simple, entire, opposite Stemsmultibranched, glabrous (smooth; not hairy or rough), terete (having a circular transverse section), thickened at and above the nodes andinternodes. ‘The leaf has antispasmodic, carminative and has antiperiodic properties. The leaves and tender young shoots are diaphoretic, A decoction is used in the treatment of chronic rheumatism, An infusion of the leaves is taken internally in the treatment of pains in the head, paralysis of one side of the body and facial paralysis. The leaf juice is used in the treatment of earache. The bitter root is, anodyne, diaphoretic, diuretic and laxative. The root bark is emetic. The whole plant is emetic and febrifuge. A decoction is used to treat bruises. 8 Emilia sonchifotia (2yODr@er240 M016) Itis a soft annual herb grows up to 40 cm in height. Leaves simple, Iyrate pinnate with large terminal lobe; flowers purplish in corymbose heads, fruits oblong containing many seeds; seeds long, compressed, having terminal tuft of soft hairs for wind dispersal It provides excellent remedy for eyes, ears and throat complaints. The plant is effective in treating fever and tonsillitisJuice is a natural remedy for eye diseases.I is also good in conditions like worm infections and allergy. The herb is useful in treating cough and bronchitis.Applying a paste on the thyroid region helps to cure the swelling in is sometimes used in cases of diabetes. The whole plant is taken fresh and crushed well, juice is extracted and given in the dose of 5~10 ml daily for three days to cure intestinal worms, 9. Phyllanthus niruri(casteaeomes) Phyllanthus niruri is an erect slender, branched, annual herb from 10 to SOem, of a light green to whitish, The leaves of the main stem fall very carly, so that the side, horizontal and rather brief twigs, look like compound leaf. It has numerous small leaves which are simple, elliptic to elongated, carrying minute flowers to their base. Flowers are of small size and greenish, ‘hedioso)blogspot.com2018) ans212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 Ithelps in providing relief in the stomach and other inner organs which are not, under voluntary control.It prevents the formation of the kidney stones.tt also helps in curing the damaged liver and protecting it.It has also proven to be effective against Hepatitis A, B, and C.lt also works as a pain killer drug. It has been shown as highly fruitful for relieving pain caused by kidney stones.It also helps in reducing the bad cholesterol, 10. Qassia indica ov0 19205) Niepa Bark Tree is an evergreen tree or shrub up to 10 m tall. Leaves are eliptic-oblong, somewhat pointed-rounded at base, pointed to tapering, at tip, leathery, hairless, shining, net veined. Leaf-stalks are 1-2 em long, stout Flowers are 20 or more in umbel-like hairless or finely velvet-hairy clusters, ‘The bark is used in the treatment of feverThe juice of the pounded bark is considered a cure for skin discases.A decoction of the leaves is taken to relieve cough-The leaves are bruised and then applied extemally as a treatment for cerysipelas.The macerated leaves, mixed with coconut oil, are used to kill head lice-The seeds in particular are of medicinal importance and are commonly applied as an emetic and pungative.They are used in the treatment of bilious fevers. The oil from the seeds is applied externally on rheumatic joints, and used as a liniment on bruises 11. Biophytumsensitivum( 23830) ‘The little plant grows up to maximum of 20 em and possess unbranched woody erect stem. Leaves abruptly pinnate, leaflets opposite, 6 to 12 pairs, and each leaflet is up to 1.5 em long, the terminal pair is the largest. The flowers are many and crowded at the apices of the numerous peduncles, normally yellow, white, or orange with red streak in the center of each of the five petals Used as tonic and stimulant.Used for chest complaints, convulsions, cramps and inflammatory tumours.Ash mixed with lime juice is given for stomach ache.Leaves and roots are styptic, decoction of leaves is given for diabetes, asthma and phthisis. 12, Sansevieria roxburghiana (OMeS16R498) Sansevieria roxburghianais a stem less, with a creeping rootstock evergreen perennial plant, producing succulent, erect, rigid leaves from a rhizomatous rootstock . The inner or adult leaves ascending and slightly recurving, thick, deeply concave, channeled down the face, rounded or very obtusely keeled on the back, green, transversely marked with darker green lines on both sides. The leaf surface is smooth, the lower contrast, slightly rough. A fiber is obtained from the leaves . Flowers are borne in clusters The whole plant of S. Roxburghiana is traditionally used as a cardiotonic, expectorant, febrifuge, purgative, tonic, in glandular enlargement and theumatism. The rhizomes are mucilaginous and used in consumptive complaints, long lasting chronic persistent coughs, for quick relief of a common cough andcold, in ear pain, ete.The juice of tender shoots is administered to children for clearing viscid phlegm. trom throats.The roots are used as a {febrifiuge in snake bite and haemorthoids. CONCLUSION Study of medicinal plants in traditional management of human ailments indicates that the study area was rich in its medicinal plant composition and the associated indigenous knowledge. The wide uses of these medicinal plants indicate that there is good consensus on the effectiveness of theit medicinal propertics. The traditional medicinal plants arc central to the rural cultures People are knowledgeable about the plants, their distribution, use, and conservation, Indigenous practices somehow contributed to the sustained use, ‘hediese)blogspot.com2019) 125212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 ‘management and conservation of medicinal plants. This is further buffered by cultural and spiritual practices. ‘Traditional medicinal plants are harvested largely from wild stands and in small proportion from cultivated plants for various purposes. Shrubs were found the dominant for preparation of traditional remedies followed by trees, herbs and then climbers. Roots and barks were also found to be the most frequently used plant parts followed by leaves flowers and fruits for preparation of medicines for human use. Moreover, most medicinal plants were reported to have other use Values in addition to their medicinal use, such as fodder, wild edible plants, (ood), hygienic and perfuming use, live fencing, fuel wood and charcoal, rituals use, construction ete Medicinal plants are under threat and the indigenous knowledge is also eroding. ‘The major threats to medicinal plants and the associated knowledge in this particular study area are construction. It have significant threatening impact on the biodiversity of medicinal plants. These have greatly affected the availability, of medicinal plants and the indigenous knowledge of the people. It was found that, there is little practice of bringing medicinal plants under cultivation. The results of this study would have significant contribution in efforts directed towards conservation and preservation of the remaining resources of which there is still a considerable proportion is left, provided that the necessary strategies are put in conservation of these medicinal plants, REFERENCES Ghosh Ashis. (2003). Herbal folk remedies of Bankura and Medinipur districts, West Bengal. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2(4), 393-396 Dhyani Anurag. (2015). Critically Endangered Indian Medicinal Plants. Current Science, 114, NO. 3, Hassan Rasool. (2016). Medicinal Plants (Importance and Uses).Pharmaccut Anal Acta, 3, 2153-2435. Bercumen,J.(1988).KumbalangiGrammamCharithrathintteE dukalil Sonia printers and publishers. Craib. (1999). Medicinal plant conservation. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 6, 953- 958 Roberson Emily.(2008). Our Treasure Chest: Why We Must Conserve Our Natural Heritage, Nature's Pharmacy, 623-628. Franz, (1993), Setting priorities for conservation of medicinal plants - A case study in the Indian Himalaya, Chinese Medicine, 10, 1016-1020, Kirikar. (2000). Indian Medicinal Plants, Joumal of Experimental Biology,3, 2218-2221 Krishnan Nambiar ,V.P. (1985)Studies on the medicinal plants of Kerala forests. Ki research report 42. Ramachandran Nair, (1993), An introduction to agroforestry. Springer ‘Netherlands. Ram Gopal , M_D. (2006). Medicinal plants: Screening for various biological activities, isolation and identification of active constituents. Thesis: Gulbarga, University ‘hadioso} blogspot com2018!121252019 THEDIES E J: 2019 Shyma, B. (2015). Traditional use of medicinal plants and its status among the tribes in Mananthavady of Wayanad district, Kerala, World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, (2) ,22-26, Yoganarasiman .S N. (2000). Medicinal plants of India-Tamilnadu Bangalore: International Book Publisher. Web Resources: htp://www-tandfonline.com/loifiphb20. https://mohamediqhalp. wordpress. conv.medicinal-plants-and-theirmalayalam- name. http://www kumbalangy.convfood.htm hhome.frognet. netrural8/frames2. html wwwgodsownmedicine.orgimedicinal_plants.php. ‘wwvw.kerenvis.nic.in/Database/Medicinalplants_1290.aspx www smpbkerala org ‘eww. wikepedia.com. ‘worwinps.gov/ plants/medicinaliplants.him. wwncbiodiv org/programmes/socio-ecoltraditional/default. Shtm wwwicites.org. Posted by Theos a16:52 No comments Nowor Posts Home O1aer Posts Subscribe to: Posts (Atom) Ethereal name, Powered by Slogger, ‘hediese)blogspot.com2019)1212812019 THEDIES E J: 2019 ‘hedioso)blogspot.com2018) 1915