NEED OF AN AUTOMATIC BRAKING SYSTEM 1. The NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) study looked at the major accident causes, and they found that a mere two percent of accidents were caused by the environment, another two percent were caused by the vehicles, and 2 percent came from "unknown" causes. A full 94 percent, meanwhile, where caused by human error. Mistakes that drivers made led directly to accidents.
2. All existing braking systems like ABS(ANTILOCK BRAKING
SYSTEM) ,CBS(COMBINED BRAKING SYSTEM) are efficient in the sense of providing stability to the vehicle during application of brake but they do not take care of accidents which might be occur.
3. All the innovative braking systems are being provided with new cars but they can’t be implemented with the existing ones.
4. If somehow they could be implemented, it will be costlier ,less
efficieExpense. An ABS can be expensive to maintain. Expensive sensors on each wheel can cost hundreds of dollars to fix if they get out of calibration or develop other problems. For some, this is a big reason to decline an ABS in a vehicle.
Delicate systems. It's easy to cause a problem in an ABS
by messing around with the brakes. Problems include disorientation of the ABS, where a compensating brake sensor causes the vehicle to shudder, make loud noise or generally brake worse.
When an anti-lock brake system has problems, most of the
time just one component has failed and not the entire system. Therefore, it is difficult to specifically name an average price for anti-lock brakes. Dealer completed anti- lock brake replacement will range between $1,000 and $1,500 for most automobiles manufactured after 1993.
MAIN IDEA AND GOAL
The braking system is designed and applied on a vehicle to make the driving process safety using embedded system design. Most of the accident occurs due to the delay of the driver to hit the brake, so in this project work braking system is developed such that when it is active it can apply brake depending upon the object sensed by the ultrasonic sensor and speed of vehicle. Currently, vehicles are often equipped with active safety systems to reduce the risk of accidents, many of which occur in the urban environments. The most popular include Antilock Braking Systems (ABS), Traction Control and Stability Control. All these systems employ different types of sensors to constantly monitor the conditions of the vehicle, and respond in an emergency situation. An intelligent mechatronic system includes an ultrasonic wave emitter provided on the front portion of a car producing and emitting ultrasonic waves frontward in a predetermined distance. An ultrasonic receiver is also placed on the front portion of the car operatively receiving a reflective ultrasonic wave signal. The reflected wave (detected pulse) gives the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle and RPM counter gives speed of vehicle. The microcontroller is used to control the braking of the vehicle based on the detection pulse information to push the brake pedal and apply brake to the car stupendously for safety purpose. Keywords: Ultrasonic Sensor, Intelligent Mechatronic system, RPM counter, Microcontroller. CONCEPT MODEL _________________________________________________________________________________ .