Web Calendar 2020

UPSC 2020
Origin
of Civil
The UPSC today is such a
prestigious, meritorious and awe -
inspiring institution that it is difficult
Service
to imagine a time when it was not as
big and powerful as it is today. Not
many of us would believe the
humble origins of this impressive
institution and the many avatars it
took to reach its current stature.
It was started as the non-military
wing of the English East India
Company, it changed into the
administrative arm of the British
Empire, the so called Steel Frame.
To the Indian Government’s credit it
was not dismantled after
Independence, but has been
converted into a benign institution
dedicated to public service. Such
has been the evolution of this
mighty institution as it stands today.
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Source: Google, Wikipedia and The Steel Frame: A History of the IAS, by Deepak Gupta.
2020
January
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
19
20
21 Origin 1686
1 22 of Civil
2 23 Service The East India Company, incorporated
by Queen Elizabeth by Letters Patent in
3 24 1600, is the institution where it all

started.
4 25 The Company was given some power to

raise and equip troops for defensive
5 26 purposes, under the Royal Charters and

Acts of Parliament.
6 27 Its service was thus categorised as

military and civil giving rise to the term
7 28 Civil Service.
As it changed from a trading company
8 29 to a colonial power, its employees were

transformed from traders into
9 30 administrators.
10 31
11
1st Macaulay Committee Report
New Year
“An appointment to the civil service of the Company
15 th will not be a matter of favour but a matter of right. He
Pongal
12
who obtains such an appointment will owe it solely to
26 th his own abilities and industry. It is undoubtedly
Republic Day desirable that the civil servants of the Company should
have received the best, the most finished education
13 that the native country affords (the Report insisted

that the civil servants of the Company should have
taken the first degree in arts at Oxford or Cambridge
14 Lord Macaulay
Universities).”
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18
2020
February
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
16 Origin
of Civil
17 Service
18 Covenanted 1714 to 1793
19 Civil
20 Service The employees of the Company started
their career at the lowest rung of the
21 ladder as a writer and worked their way

up through seniority or merit.
1 22 In 1714, it was decided that application

for writer was to be recommended by
2 23 any director of the Company. This

marked the beginning of the ‘system of
patronage’. Usually, writers were
3 24 appointed at the age of 16.
4 25 They had to sign covenants resulting in

the service becoming the Covenanted
Civil Service later referred to as The
5 26 Covenanted Civil Service of India in the
Charter Act of 1793, which remained the
6 27 official designation of the service for
over a century. Employees in
7 28 subordinate positions were
uncovenanted.
8 29
9
10 The initial attempt to train the civil servants
locally was done by Lord Wellesley. Within
the campus of the Fort William, he founded
11 Fort William College on 10 July 1800.
12 TM
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15
2020
March
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
15 Origin
of Civil
16 Service
17 Creation of 1774
18 Modern Civil
19 Service The credit for the creation of the Civil
and Service in the modern sense of the term
20 Collectors goes to Lord Warren Hastings and Lord

Cornwallis. After assuming office of the
Governor-General in 1774, Hastings laid
21 the foundation particularly on the
revenue side.
1 22 He introduced the principle that power
cannot be divorced from responsibility.
2 23 He re-organized the revenue
administration, remodelled the judicial
3 24 system and tried to free trade from its
abuses. He issued a proclamation
4 25 renaming the Supervisors as Collectors.
5 26
6 27
7 28
8 29 Anna Rajam Malhotra (17 July 1927 – 17
September 2018) was an Indian
9 30
Administrative Service officer. She was
the first woman in India to hold this
position. Malhotra belonged to the 1951
10 31
batch of the IAS.
11 TM
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14
2020
April
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
19 Origin
of Civil
20 Service
21 Philosophy 1782 to 1793
1 22 underlying
2 23 Scollector s The philosophy underlying the
collector’s position was first articulated
3 24 role &service by Sir John Shore in 1782.

The collector was to be invested with
such duties and powers as were
4 25 exercised under the Mughals by the
Amulguzar (revenue collector), the
5 26 Faujdar (military officer) and the judicial

officers taken together.
6 27 Cornwallis, when he came in 1786, was

troubled by the the primacy given to
revenue functions had led to neglect of
7 28 other functions. In 1793, therefore, the
offices were separated with the
8 29 collector looking after revenues, and
the judge-cum-magistrate being in-
9 30 charge of the judicial functions and
having control of the police.
14 th
10 Tamil New year
11 The Government of India celebrates April

21 every year as ‘Civil Services day’ as an
occasion for the civil servants to rededicate
12 themselves to the cause of citizens and

renew their commitments to public service
and excellence in work. On this day,
13 Sardar Vallabhai Patel addressed the first

batch of civil servants in Independent India
at Metcalfe House where he referred to civil
14 servants as the 'Steel Frame of India’.
15 TM
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18
2020
May
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
17 Origin
of Civil
18 Service
19 Grooming 1806 to 1858
20 Civil Servants
21 The recognition of the need for proper
training or grooming of civil servants led
1 22 to the setting up of a college in London

in 1806. It was shifted to a new complex
2 23 in Haileybury in 1809.
With an objective of providing a supply
3 24 of persons to discharge duties required

from the Civil Servants of the Company,
4 25 ICS officers were a product of this

college for the next 50 years. It was
closed in 1858 after competitive
5 26 examinations started.
6 27
7 28
8 29
9 30
10 31 Civil Servants for the East India Company
1 st
used to be nominated by the Directors of
11 May Day
25 th
Ramzan
the Company and thereafter trained at
Haileybury College in London and then
sent to India.
12
13 TM
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16
2020
June
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
21 Origin
of Civil
1 22 Service
2 23 Patronage 1853 to 1855
3 24 to
Merit
4 25 The Northcote-Trevelyan Committee
formed in 1853 submitted the
5 26 eponymous Northcote-Trevelyan Report

to Parliament in 1854, recommending
selection through open competition.
6 27 The transformational change happened
7 28 in 1855, with the first competitive

examination being held in London. For
the first time, civil servants were
8 29 selected on their own merit, not
through patronage.
9 30 The examinations were conducted by
the Civil Service Commissioners
10 appointed by Her Majesty in Council.
They became an independent
11 department, not controlled by a
minister.
12
13
14 Satyendranath Tagore (1 June 1842 –
9 January 1923) was the first Indian to
join the Indian Civil Service. He was an
15 author, song composer, and linguist,

and made a significant contribution
towards the emancipation of women in
16 Indian society during the British Raj.
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19
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20
2020
July
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
19 Origin
of Civil
20 Service
21 Indian 1878
1 22 Civil
Service
2 23 As the British rule expanded in the next
few years, the covenanted service
3 24 became the Civil Service and an All India

Service. The members of the Civil
Service came to be identified and
4 25 grouped by each of the three
presidencies – Bengal CS, Bombay CS,
5 26 and Madras CS.
Collectively, and officially, however, the
6 27 service was known as ‘the Covenanted
Civil Service of India’, to distinguish it
7 28 from the lower services.
The Civil Service Commission
8 29 recommended that it be named the
‘Imperial Civil Service of India’ but the
9 30 secretary of state, Lord Cross, ordered it
to be designated as ‘the Civil Service of
10 31 India’. It continues, however, to be
popularly known as the Indian Civil
30 th
11 Bakrid Service with the initials ICS.
12
13 K P Sivasankara Menon was the First
14 Foreign Secretary of India.
15 TM
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17
18
2020
August
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
16 Origin
of Civil
17 Service
18 Simultaneous 1879 to 1892
19 Examination
20 A statutory service was set up in 1879,
for which 15 per cent of the covenanted
21 posts and 10-20 per cent of the non-

covenanted posts were reserved and to
which eventually 69 appointments were
1 22 made.
2 23 In 1892, Naoroji won a London seat in

the House of Commons, and in 1893 he
got a Resolution passed in the British
3 24 Parliament in favour of simultaneous
examinations.
4 25 However, the long-expressed demand
for simultaneous examinations in India
5 26 was conceded only in 1922, starting first
at Allahabad.
6 27
7 28
8 29 Islington Commission, 1912
9 30 A Royal Commission formed to
recommend reforms in the Public Service
of British India with Lord Islington as its
10 31 15 th
chairman. ... The commission examined
several important issues and made a
number of recommendations in regard to
11
Independence Day the Higher Civil Services.
22 nd Lord Islington
Ganesh chaturthi
12 TM
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14
15
2020
September
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
20 Origin
of Civil
21 Service
1 22 Provincial 1892 to 1922
2 23 Civil
3 24
Service The Provincial Service was set up in
1892, based on the recommendations of
4 25 the Aitchison Commission, sub-dividing

the existing uncovenanted service.
5 26 However, this process was abolished in

1904 by Lord Curzon, who argued that
6 27 graduation tested the intellectual

attainments of candidates, but
‘nomination’ would ensure ‘right’
7 28 selection of candidates who had ‘other
qualifications’ considered more suitable
8 29 for British rule. Competitive
examinations were restored only in
9 30 1922.
10
11 Maharaja Rana Udaybhanu Singh (12
February 1893 – 22 October 1954) was the
Jat ruler of Dholpur state of Rajasthan
12 from 1911-1949, after which the state
acceded to the Union of India.
Udaybhanu Singh succeeded his brother
13 Rana Ram Singh, who died without any
progeny in 1911, and received full rights
on 9th October 1913.
14 He constructed Dholpur House as his
residence in 1920.The UPSC shifted to this
15 building in 1952.
16 TM
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18
19
2020
October
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
18 Origin
of Civil
19 Service
20 Indianisation 1924 to 1940
21 of Civil
1 22
Service Worried about falling British
recruitment in the ICS, Lee Commission
2 23 was set up in 1924 to suggest measures

related to the services, including pay
and allowances.
3 24 After the First World War, inflation in
4 25 India and the substantial decline in the

value of the Rupee etc., had reduced the
real incomes of British ICS officers.
5 26 Therefore, the Report recommended
considerable raise in emoluments and
6 27 improved service conditions.
The Commission also recommended
7 28 that the percentage of British and
Indian officers should be 40 per cent of
8 29 each and 20 per cent from the provincial
services.
9 30 By 1 January 1940, there were 625
Indians as against 575 Europeans. The
10 31 2 nd
Indians were finally in a majority.
11
Gandhi Jayanthi
25 th
Ayudha Pooja
12
26 th Lee Commission also recommended that
Vijayadasami /
Saraswathi Pooja the percentage of British and Indian
officers should be 40 per cent of each and
13 Viscount Arthur Lee of Fareham

20 per cent from the provincial services.
14 TM
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16
17
2020
November
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
1 22 Origin
of Civil
2 23 Service
3 24 Transition 1926 to 1949
4 25 of ICS to IAS
5 26 The first Public Service Commission was
set up in 1926 and it conducted exams
6 27 on behalf of the British Civil Service

Commission.
7 28 This became the Federal Public Service

Commission through the Act of 1935.
8 29 After Independence, the Constituent

Assembly saw the need for giving a
9 30 secure and autonomous status to the

PSC. It was accorded constitutional
14 th
10 Diwali status as an autonomous entity under

Article 315 of the Constitution and given
the title of Union Public Service
11 Commission, which discharges its
functions under Articles 320 and 321.
12 Its autonomy and independence were
considered to be fundamental
13 requirements to ensure merit-based
recruitment to the civil services.
14
15
16 Sir Ross Barker was the first Chairman of
the UPSC, who joined in October, 1926
17 and held the post till August, 1932.
18 TM
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20
21
2020
December
UPSC HIS
VISION
LIVES
ON
20 Origin
of Civil
21 Service
1 22 Indian 1979 to present
2 23 Administrative
Service The first comprehensive review of the
3 24 Post scheme of examinations was done by
4 25 Independence the Kothari Committee which submitted

its report in 1976. It recommended that
5 26 there be a preliminary examination

based on objective type of tests with
two papers for the preliminary
6 27 examination – one on general studies
and one on optional subject.
7 28 The Alagh Committee, emphasizing the
importance of general ability,
8 29 recommended replacement of the
general studies paper by an aptitude
9 30 test.
The Khanna Committee combined all
10 31 25 th
these arguments in 2010,
Christmas recommending that the optional paper
11 be replaced by Civil Services Aptitude
Test (CSAT).
12
13 Dholpur House was constructed in the
1920s in the Art Deco style. The walls on
14 the exterior are painted in white.The

Union Public Service Commission moved
to this building in 1952 and is housed
15 here till now.
16 TM
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18
19

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UPSC 2020

CHENNAI ( ANNA NAGAR & ADYAR) | DELHI | BENGALURU | TRIVANDRUM |

3 24 1600, is the institution where it all

4 25 The Company was given some power to

5 26 purposes, under the Royal Charters and

6 27 Its service was thus categorised as

8 29 to a colonial power, its employees were

13 that the native country affords (the Report insisted

21 ladder as a writer and worked their way

1 22 In 1714, it was decided that application

2 23 any director of the Company. This

4 25 They had to sign covenants resulting in

11 Fort William College on 10 July 1800.

20 Collectors goes to Lord Warren Hastings and Lord

3 24 role &service by Sir John Shore in 1782.

5 26 Faujdar (military officer) and the judicial

6 27 Cornwallis, when he came in 1786, was

10 Tamil New year

11 The Government of India celebrates April

12 themselves to the cause of citizens and

13 Sardar Vallabhai Patel addressed the first

14 servants as the 'Steel Frame of India’.

1 22 to the setting up of a college in London

3 24 of persons to discharge duties required

4 25 ICS officers were a product of this

5 26 eponymous Northcote-Trevelyan Report

7 28 in 1855, with the first competitive

15 author, song composer, and linguist,

16 Indian society during the British Raj.

3 24 became the Civil Service and an All India

11 Bakrid Service with the initials ICS.

14 Foreign Secretary of India.

21 posts and 10-20 per cent of the non-

2 23 In 1892, Naoroji won a London seat in

4 25 the Aitchison Commission, sub-dividing

5 26 However, this process was abolished in

6 27 graduation tested the intellectual

2 23 was set up in 1924 to suggest measures

4 25 India and the substantial decline in the

13 Viscount Arthur Lee of Fareham

6 27 on behalf of the British Civil Service

7 28 This became the Federal Public Service

8 29 After Independence, the Constituent

9 30 secure and autonomous status to the

10 Diwali status as an autonomous entity under

17 and held the post till August, 1932.

4 25 Independence the Kothari Committee which submitted

5 26 there be a preliminary examination

14 the exterior are painted in white.The

15 here till now.

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