I GEDE PERDANA PUTRA NARAYANA

E1D016037

VI / B / MORNING

LANGUAGE AND BRAIN

Language takes an important role in human life. Language is a means of communication.

Language can be used to express ones feelings, ideas, situations, and conditions. It is
common for people to use language in order to be able to communicate to other people in
social life. Language can be obtained in two ways, those are learning and acquisition.
Language is attached in a part human body, that is brain. Brain takes important roles in
processing language. It is necessary to understand about the relation between language and
brain.

In order to be able to understand about language and brain, it is important to understand about
the brain first. According to Wikipedia, the human brain is the central organ of the
human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The
human brain composed of approximately ten billions nerve cells (neuron). The highest level
of the brain is the cerebral cortex, it is found only in mammals and human has the greatest
proportion of cortex. The human brain is divided into cerebral hemispheres, they are left and
right hemispheres. Left hemisphere functions in supervising right side of the body. Right
hemisphere supervises left side of the body. It is called contralateral brain function. Language
representation and processing resides in the cortex.

Modularity of the brain. Based on udel.edu, the brain is divided into distinct anatomical
faculties that are directly responsible for cognitive functions. Left hemisphere is superior for
language, rhytmic perception, temporal-order judgement, and mathematical thinking skill. In
contrast, right hemisphere does better in pattern-matching task, recognizing faces, and spatial
orientation.

Cortex or Cerebellum also divided into several lobes, they are frontal lobe, parietal lobe,
occipital lobe, and temporal lobe, they have their own locations and functions. The frontal
lobe is located in the front of the brain and is associated with reasoning, motor skill, higher
level cognition, and expressive language. At the back of the frontal lobe lise motor cortex.
This area of the brain receives information to carry out body movements. The parietal lobe is
located in the middle section of the brain and is associated with processing tactile sensory
information such as pressure, touch, and pain. A portion of the brain known as somatosensory
cortex is located in this lobe and is essential to the processing of the body’s senses.

The temporal lobe is located on the bottom section of the brain. This lobe is also location of
the primary auditory cortex, which is important for interpreting sounds and the languages we
hear. There is also part of the brain, namely the hippocampus, that is located in this lobe,
which is why this portion of the brain is also heavily associated with the formation of the
memories. The occipital lobe is located at the back portion of the brain and is associated with
vision.

The functions of the frontal lobe and temporal lobe in relation to language processing in the
brain. According to medicalnewstoday, in frontal lobe, there is Broca’s area, which is
controlling speech and language production. It helps put thoughts into words. So, if there is
damage to this area can undermine the ability to speak, to understand language, or to produce
speech that make sense. On the other hand, the temporal lobe, based on brainmadesimple,
mainly revolves around hearing and selective listening. It receives sensory information such
as sounds and speech from the ears. It is also key to being able to comprehend,or understand
meaningful speech. In fact, we would not be able to understand someone talking to us, if it
wasn't for the temporal lobe. This lobe is special because it makes sense of the all the
different sounds and pitches (different types of sound) being transmitted from the sensory
receptors of the ears. There is Wernicke’s area in temporal lobe.
 REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brain : 31 - 5 – 2019: 08.50 PM

http://udel.edu/~dlarsen/ling101/slides/brain.pdf : 01 – 06 – 2019: 08.20 AM

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318139.php : 01 - 06 – 2019: 01.55 PM

http://brainmadesimple.com/temporal-lobe.html : 01- 06 - 2019: 02.04 PM