Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-1 (Agronomy) Paper-t Meaning and scope of Agronomy, National and Intemational Agricultural Research Institutes of India, Agro-climatic zones of India and Bihar, Weather and climate, miero~ climate, weather elements, Formation and classification ‘of clouds, Basics of weather forecasting. Dry land agriculture, Area, production and productivity of major exops in India and Bihar. Tillage, crops stand establishment, Planting geometry and it effect on growth and yields of eropping systems, harvesting, Classification of erops. Concept of multiple eropping, ‘multistoried, relay and inter- eropping and theie importance in relation to food production, Basic elements of ctop production, Factors affecting erop production. Irgation, definition and objectives, water resources and irigation development in India and Bihar, Soil plant Water relationships. Definition, principles and components of organic farming. ‘Sustainable agriculture: Introduction, definition, goal and current concepts, factors affecting ecological balance and ameliorative measures; Land degradation and conservation of natural resources, Definition, principles and components of farming system. Application of Remote Sensing, GPS and GIS techniques in agriculture, Pedological and Edaphological concepts, Earth Crust, Composition and weathering of rocks and minerals factors and processes of soil formation, Type of soil, production importance and their ‘management. Concept of soil quality and Soil health- physical, chemical and biological indicator of soil quality. Movement of soil water. Soil health assessment techniques. Sol'as a source of plant nutrients. Criteria of nutrients essentiality snd thei function, forms of nutri in soil, Mechanism of nutrient transport to plants and factor affecting nutrient availability to plant, Acidic, calcareous and salt affected soils: their characteristics, nutrient availabilities 1nd reclamation (Mechanical, chemical and biological methods). Fertilizer and insecticides and their effect on soil, Indian standards for water quality, use of saline water in agriculture, Different approaches of sil fertility evaluation. Indian history of Plant Breeding, major objectives and achievements of plant breeding in india, Centre of diversity and its importance in eon Improvement. Nature of Pollination of tops, parthenocarpy in plants. Germplasm conservation and its utilization, concept of gene and gene pool. Hybridization & methods of handling segregating generations: Mass selections, backcross method, recurrent selection. Crop ideotype-concept and importance. Male serlity and self-incompatbiity- mechanism and their utilization in erop improvement. Pure Tina, Synthetic and composite variety and their development, Hybrid production and importance ts different crop plants. Wide hybridization and constrains related to it. Mutation and types of ‘mutagens. Quantitative and qualitative characters, Components of genetic varraion, correlation and regression. Cell division-mitosis and meiosis. Mendel's laws of inheritance and their exceptions, linkage and crossing over. Polyploidy and its importance in erop breeding. Tot potency in plant, meristem culture anther culture. Transgenic- aclievernents and future prospects. Plant breeder's rights and regulation for plant variety protection, Basie Principles of seed production, kinds of seed and Indian seed Act 1966, Economie importance of insects, General morphology and aniony of insect, sification of insects, Apiculture, sericulture and lac culture, Important insect and non insect pests of important field crops, vegetables, orchard and’ plantation crops and thelr management. Storage pests and their management. Integrated pest management, Biological control of pests. Plant quarantine measures, Different categories. of pesticides, thelr formulation and modes of action, Insect toxicology and concept of LDsyLCsy MRL. and ‘waiting period, Recent techniques of pest management. Plant protection equipments and its ‘application in pest management. Insecticide act, 1968 & puts, 1971 sssIntroduction, important plant pathogenic organisms, fing, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, Spiro plasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, Protozoa and phanerogamic Parasites with examples of diseases caused by them, Prokaryotes: classification of prokaryotes according to Bergey’s Manual of systematic Bacteriology. General characters, reproduction and classification of fungi. Definition and objectives of Plant Pathology, Survival and Dispersal of Plant Pathogens. Plant disease epidemiology. General principles of plant diseases management. Integrated plant disease management (IDM). Esonomic importance, symptoms, cause, epidemiology and disease cycle and important diseases of Important field crops, vegetables, Horticultural crops and their imanagement. General ‘characteristics of plant pathogenic nematodes its morphology and biology. Classification of nematodes up to family level with emphasis.Generalzymptoms caused by nematodes and their management Public Finance-Meaning, Principle, Sources, Direct Tax, Indirect Tax.Nationslized and Commercial Banking System, Agricultural Credit, Agricultural Co-operative Stwcture and Function, Agricultural Marketing - Definition, classification, marketable surplus & marketed surplus, Marketing Channel, Price-Spread, Market Structure. Agricultural Price Policy. FCI, SWC, CWC, APMC, State Trading, Produetion Economics ~ Classical Production Function, Relationships between output & input, AgriBusiness Management, Product Life Cycle, Marketing mix, Capital Management, Balance Sheet, project loss statement, Project Life Cycle Definition and importance of hoiticulture, Classification of horticulture. Area and Droduetion of different fruit vegetables and flower crops planting systems, high density planting, planning and establishment of new orchard. Propagation methods and use of growth Fegulators in horticultural crops. Package of practices of important fruits, vegetables. and ‘ormamental crops. Maturity indices, harvesting and postharvest handling of fruits. and venetables. Pre harvest factors affecting quality on postharvest shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Prineiples of preservation by heat, low temperature, chemicals and ferttentation Preparation of jams, jellies, preserves, pickles, Ketchup, sauce. Agricultural extension, its importance. Extension teaching methods, Etawah Pilot Project. Community Development Programme, Panchayati Raj System, igh Yielding Variety Programme, National Demonstration Progranme. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ATMA; Institutional Vilage Linkage Programme ( IVLP), IRDP. Demonstations. Leadership, Abtitude, Knowledge. Skill, Training. Communication skill Local leaders, Adoption and Diffusion. Innovations and their characteristics, Kisan Call Centers. Entrepreneurship in agriculture, SWOT analysis. heMabus for Bihar Origin, geographic distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirement, varieties, cultural practices and yield of crops - Cereals rice, maize, sorghum, peal millet, ‘minor millets, whest, barley; Pulses: pigeon pea, mungbean, urdbean, chickpea, lentil. peas, bean; Oilseeds: ground nut, sesame, soybean, rapeseed and mustard, sunflower, safflower and linseed ; Sugar crops: sugarcane and Sugar beet; Fibre crops- cotton, jute and sunemp, Medicinal and aromataie crops: mentha, lemon grass, citronella, palma rose, isabgol and posta ; Commercial crops: potato and tobacco; Forage crops : sorghum, mize, cowpea, cluster bean, naper, berseem, Lucerne and oat. Calculation of seed rate, fertilizers, weedicide ‘and yield estimation, Preparation of cropping scheme for irigated and dry land situations. Methods of soil moisture estimation, crop water requirement, Scheduling of itigation, Methods of irrigation; surface, sprinkler and drip irrigation, Irrigation efficiency and. water use and efficiency, Conjunctive use of water, rigation water quality and its management, ‘Water management of important field crops. Agricultural drainage. :; Introduetion, concept, relevance in present context; Organic Biological intensive nutrient management, recycling of organic esidues, biosertlizers; Soil improvement and amendments; Integrated diseases and pest ‘management; Quality considerations, certification, labeling and accreditation processors, ‘marketing, exports. Definition, Principles and components of Farming System, Useful IFS modules for lowland, upland and dry land situations, Principles of integration of different enterprises for the preparation of farming system modules. Utlization of wasteland through farming system Maintenance of records of IFS modules and evaluation of IFS modules against e farming system. Weeds, their’ characteristics, harmful and beneficial effects, classification, ‘multiplication and dissemination, crop- weed competition. physica, cultural, chemical and biological control of weeds, integrated -woed management, liesbicide’ classification, formulations, methods of appiication, weed management in major field and hostcaltiral ‘crops. Aquatic and problematic weeds and their conta Fenilizers and manures, types, application methods, nutrient use efficiency and ‘tegrated muirient management (INM). Factors influencing nuttin ~use efficiency. Bio- fertilizers and theie advantage, Preparation of organic manures, vermi compost, FYM, green ‘manuring, Measures to overcome deficiencies and toxicities of nutrient, Types and systems of farming. Farm planning and budgeting. Risk and Uncertainty Principles of production and costs. Cost of cultivation, net retums, Farm records, Balance sheet, Profit loss analysis. Agriculture journalism, meaning, definition, scope and importance. Capacity building of extension personal, programme planning, ‘meaning, definition, steps, priniplen, ‘monitoring, evaluation of Extension programme, Social group. meaning, definition, lassifcation, role of social group in agriculture extension, teaching, leaing process, Asriculture Service Category-2 (Agri. E1 Velocity disttibution in fluid flow, friction factor, Reynolds number relationship, Bermoulli's equation, Duid flow measurement. Hydraulic machines, Engineering properties of Sol, Soil hydraulies stress distribution, compressibility, Active and passive earth pressure , Sibility of slope , beating capacity of soils, foundation, Impact of irrigation on human environment, measurement of irigation water, weirs, notches, flames & orifices. Design of irrigation field channels & lining, Water requirement of crops, soil-water movernent and constants, depth, frequency and eificiencies of irrigation, surface irrigation methods : their merits and demerits Objectives of drainage, familiarization with the drainage problems of the state, pumps ‘characteristic and selection of pumps drainage coefficient, hydraulic conductivity, surface ‘and subsurface and subsurface drainage systems, mole drains, interceptor drains and outlet, Economic aspects of drainage. Occurrence of Ground water, surface & subsurface flow of water, ground water movement, recharge wells, Well drilling & constriction methods, election & installation of ‘well screen, gravel pack, development and completion of water wells, tube well testing procedure Land capability classification, Land evaluation, Land use planning. and cost estimation ‘of earth moving machinery, reclamation of problem areas, saline alkali, Sodie and. Water logged soils, planning and design of Irrigation & drainage systems, Conjunctive use of surface and sub surface water resources. Chain Surveying, Plain table surveying, levels & levelling, Theodolite traversing Contour & Contouring, measurement of area & volumes. Types of loads and stresses, shear distribution, nelysic of forces and design of tnsses and beams. Common engineering materials and their physieal and engineering properties, Hydrologic eyele, Rainfall and its measurement, estimation of infiltration, eveporation tnd evapoctranspiation, factors affecting runoff & its measurement. Rating curve, cook's method, SCS method, Curve number, hydrograph,, base flow separation, Flood routing inirodvetion to watershed management & planting ‘Analysis of rain fall data for dry land farming, rainfall probability Soil moisture stress, imate yield relationship, methous of reducing moistite loss from soil, Principles and mechanics of erosion, Measurement & estimation of soil 1055, agronomical & mechanicalengineering measure to contiol erosion, diversion. ditches, vegetative waterways, outlast and their designs, terraces, gully control structures — drop, drop inlet & chute spillways, grassed waterways, introduction to water harvesting techniques, Hydraulic jump and its application, H-flume, weirs and parshall flame. functonal requirement of erosion control structures’ models. Planning, design and layout of soil & water a iv raForce systems, movement of Ineria, fee body diagram and equilibrium of forces. ‘Thermodynamic properties, systems, gas laws, thermodynamic laws, eyele. Sources of farm power, Conventional and non-eonventionsl energy sources, Renewable ‘energy sourees-solar and wind eneray & its application. Baling of biomass and briqueting methods. Different R.E. devices- gasifiers & biogas plant. Classification of tractors & 1. engines, engine systems, construction, components & IC. engine fuels, Tractor systems & controls ~ study of transinission, hydraulic, steering systems, tractor power ouflets, tractor chasis mechanies and design. Repair and maintenance of Engine & tractor, Knowledge of different types of welding, shaping and milling techniques and equipments, Objectives of farm mechanization, classification, principles and selection of farm machines. Primary and secondary tillage equipments. Force acting on tillage tools and daft ‘measurement. Sowing, planting, transplanting equipments-iheir calibration and adjustments. Crop harvesting machinery. Weed Control and plant protection equipments :- Sprayers ‘dusters. Threshing machines and various types ofthreshers. Selection & management of farm ‘machines for optimum performance. Principles of fruit harvesting tools & machines. Testing ‘of Farm machines. Farm machines management Factory acts, factory location end layout, production procedure, quality controt and standardisation, Importance of food processing and methods, study of different physical, rheological tnd thermal properties of foods & their importance in designing processing machines: PHT ‘MProcessing of cereals, pulses, oilsseds. Principal of size reduetion: power requirement, (Ritinger’s Kick’s and Boud’s equation), size reduction methods and machines. Theory of Separation ~ different types of separators, mixing & material handling devices, design consideration, capacity & power requirements, Grain moisture and its measurement, Grain dying theory & methods, differen types of train dryers, drum dryers, freeze dryers, tray dryers, performance & methods, differen types Of spoilage and its causes, storage losses, moisture & temperature changes in storage of grim, cooling, refrigeration load calculations: Functional requirement of grain storage structure, srsin pressure theories. Traditional storage structure, fag and bulk storage systems, design of silo. Controlled atmosphere & modified atmosphere storage for fuits und vegetables Steady state heat transfer in conduction, convection and radiation. Estimation of heat ‘transfer coefficients for flow on simple surlace. Design of double pipe tubular and plate heat exchanger, effectiveness of heat exchangers, Working principles of equipment for paste filing and packing of milk, design of double pipe and plate heat exchangers. Different ‘methods of food preserved, proximate analysis of food products. Food dehydration & freezing, Food quality concept & control, Food laws & regulations, Food standards (Bl AGMARK, PEA, FPO, CAC, GMP, HACCP&. ISO series.) tion, homogenization, sterilization, ‘Meaning and phases of machine design, design considerations. Farm stead planning, farm roads, fences, and gates, BIS standards for dairy., pouliry and other farm structures, design, construction and cos estimation of farm structures h‘Syllabus for Bihar Agriculture Service Category-3 (Chemistry) Paper Origin of the earth, Earth's crust; composition: Rocks and minerals, Soil formation factors and processes, Component of Soil, Soil profile, Soil physical properties, Soil texture, Textural classes, Bulk density and particle density of soils & porosity, Soil water, Retention and potential, ‘moisture constants, Soil temperature, Influence of soil temperature and air on plant growth. Radioisotopes properties and decay principles; interaction of nuclear radiations with matter’ Iulf life & deeay constant principles and use of radiation monitoring instruments -proportional, (Geiger Muller counter, solid and liquid seiatllation counters, neutron moisture meter. Water-Temporary and permanent hardness; disadvantage of hard water, Determination of hardness of water. Dissociation of water, ionie product of water, concept of pH and buffer solutions, hydrolysis of salt; Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Estimation of acidity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide, dissolved and suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) biological oxygen demand (BOD) spectroscopic ‘method of determination of phosphorus nitrate and nitrite in wate. Catalysis, adsorption, types of adsorption, Freundlich's adsorption isotherm, Langmuir ‘adsorption isotherm and ‘its limitation. Colloids: introduction, types of colloidal system, classification, properties- optical & electrical properties electrophoresis, coagulation, Dialysis, gold number. Weather and climate, weather elements, Earth's atmosphere: composition and structure, solar radiation, global warming & green house effect. Temperature measurement and instruments, ppetiodic horizontal and vertical temperature variations, relationship between temperature. and humidity, humidity measurement and instruments. Atmospheric pressure laws of gases, pressure units and pressure instruments. Basic elements of crop production, factors affecting crop production, history of agriculture evelopment, surface, sprinkler and drip itigation, irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency, Irsigation water- quality of irrigation water and its appraisal. Indian standards of water quality, Use Of saline water for agriculture. Determination of soil moisture content by gravimeisic method, tensiometer, electrical resistance and neutron moisture meter, Toxic elements- classification, formulation and toxicity of herbicides & insecticides. Sources of toxie elements, behavior in soils, effect on nutrients availability, effect on plant and animal health, green house effec. Classification and nomenclature of Organic compounds, Isomerism: definitions & classification of structural isomerism and stereoisomerism, Types of organic reactions: free radical addition: Anti-Markovnikov's addition of bromine radical to propene, Nucleophitic substitution reactions. Elimination reactions: Electophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions, Markovnikov’s ionic addition, Flectophilie Aromatic substitution.Soil as source of plant nutrients, Essential and beneficial elements, criteria of essentiality, F nutrients in soil, mechanisms of nutrient transpor of plants, factor affecting nutrient to plants. Measures to overcome deficiencies and toxicities. Fertilizer and insecticides and their effect on soil water and ar. Soil testing ~ Chemical methods, critical levels of different futriems in soll. Plant analysis - DRIS methods, critical levels in plants. Rapid tissue tess Indicator plants. Thermodynamics of nulrient transformations in soils, Cationic and anionic exchange and their models, molecular interaction. Microbiology and biochemistry of root soll interface, sol enzymes, Origin, activites and importance; soil characteristics influencing grosth and activity of mieroflors, Biochemical composition and biodegradation of soil organic matter and crop residues, humus formation Manures: Preparation of vermicompost, and enriched Farm Yard Manure, reeycling of organic residues, biofertlizers, Green manures, Mechanical compost plants, Oil Cakes, Sewage sand sludge Biogas plant sluny, Plant and animal refuges. Fertilizers — classification, “Manufacturing processes and properties of major nitrogenous, phosphatic , potassi and complex fertilizers, their fate and reactions in the soil, Biologieal method of soil fertility evaluation. Soil fenilty ~ Different approaches for soil fertility evaluation. Methods, Soil test based fenlizer recommendations to crops. Laws of thermodynamics, concepts of fee energy, entropy and partial molar fee energy, Criteria for Reversible and Irreversible Processes, The Gibbs Helmboltz equation, Clapeyron The paper will also include question of Indian History, Culture ard Geography of a nature, which candidates should be able to answer without special study. SRL aa st (Ra ues a crrerd siRq) — ae ua A anedia eftert va eieepft cen apie a ot RP wea year, frre cae oeftea faa fasts sere He use 8)