Aquino corpo notes

1. Domestic market enterprise – foreigners are

limited to 40% shares; unless capital is $200,000
2. Export market enterprise – at least 60% is
exported
3. Concurrence of causes of actions or remedies
4. A single act may give rise to two or more sources
of obligations

5. If what is involved is medical negligence, if there

is no employer-employee relationship, the
hospital at the most is only vicariously liable

6. The corporation as an entity has corporate

responsibility. It is nothing more than liability
because of certain responsibilities imposed on
the entity itself. It is true in hospital and schools.

The obligation to impose the area safe is

imposed on the school itself. Not to the deans or
employees.

The obligation is based on contract. This is true

for hospital and school.
Once the hospital accepts you, there is a
contract.

Hospital – patient contract; school-student

contract

When they breach the contract in a tortious

manner,
Tort breached the contract resulting in corporate
responsibility
Based on quasi delict and quasi contract

7. Corporate responsibility

Liability as an employer and as a principal is

there.
Agency principles

There is no employer employee relationship

between consulting doctor and the hospital
But vicarious liability was imposed, not because
of employer-employee relationship, but because
of apparent authority

They are clothed with apparent authority.

Therefore that is the basis for vicarious liability
under 2180 of the civil code.

8. Moral damages cannot be awarded to a

corporation as it is an artificial being; except
when there is a reputation which has been
besmirched, and there can be liability for libel.

9. Rules of attribution