42 EVALUATING YOUR PERFORMANCE (GR9277) "Now that you have scored your test, you may wish to compare your performance with the performance of others who took this test. Two kinds of information are provided, both using performance data from GRE Physics examinees tested between October 1988 and September 1991. Interpretive data based on the scores ceamed by examinees tested in this three-year period are to be used by admissions officers in 1992-93. ‘The first kind of information is based on the performance of a sample of the ‘examinees who took the test in October 1991. This sample was selected to represent the total population of GRE Physics examinees tested between October 1988 and September 1991. On the work sheet you used to determine your score is a column labeled “P+.” The numbers in this column indicate the percent of the ‘examinees in this sample who answered each question correctly. You may use these numbers as a guide for evaluating your performance on each test question. ‘Also included, for each scaled score, is the percent of examinees tested between October 1988 and September 1991 who received lower scores. These percents appear in the score conversions table in a column fo the right of the scaled scores. For example, in the percent column opposite the scaled score of 660 is the percent 49. This means that 49 percent of the Physics Test examinees tested between October 1988 and September 1991 scored lower than 660. To compare yourself with this population, look at the percent next to the scaled score ‘you earned on the practice test. This number is a reasonable indication of your rank among GRE Physics Test examinees if you followed the test-taking sugges- tions in this practice book. Tt is important to realize that the conditions under which you tested yourself ‘were not exactly the same as those you will encounter at atest center, It is impossible to predict how different test-taking conditions will affect test perfor- ‘mance, and this is only one factor that may account for differences between your practice test scores and your actual test scores. By comparing your performance oon this practice test with the performance of other GRE Physics Test examinees, however, you will be able to determine your strengths and weaknesses and can then plan a program of study to prepare yourself for taking the Physics Test under standard conditions.4377 THE GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS* PHYSICS TEST Do not break the seal until you are told to do so. The contents of this test are confidential. Disclosure or reproduction of any portion of itis prohibited. THIS TEST BOOK MUST NOT BE TAKEN FROM THE ROOM. GRE, GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS, ETS, EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE and the ETS ogo trademarks of Educational Testing Service. Copyright © 1990, 1991 by Educational Testing Service All Tights reserved, Princeton, NJ. 08541 45‘TABLE OF INFORMATION Rest mass of the electron me = 9.11 x 1072" kilogram = 9.11 x 107% gram Magnitude of the electron charge «¢ = 1.60 x 107 coulomb = 4.80 x 10~'° statcoulomb (esu) Avogadro's number Np = 6.02 x 10% per mole Universal gas constant R = 8.32 joules/tmole - K) Boltzmann's constant ke = 1.38 « 107 joule/K = 1.38 x 107" erg/K Speed of light ¢ = 300 x 10% m/s = 3.00 x 10" emis lanck’s constant fh = 663 x 107 joule- second = 4.14 x 107" eV + second hm Ale Vacuum permittivity 9 = 885 x 107" coulomb?j(newion - meter’) ‘Vacuum permeability lo = 4x x 1077 weberj(ampere - meter) ‘Universal gravitational constant G = 6.67 x 107"! meter'/(kilogram - second") ‘Acotleration due to gravity g = 9.80 m/s? = 980 cm/s? 1 atmosphere pressure J atm = 1.0 x 108 newton/meter? = 1.0 X 10° pascals (Pa) L angstrom 1A =1 x 107! meter L weber/m? = 1 tesla = 10" gaussPHYSICS TEST ‘Time—170 minutes 100 Questions Directions: ach of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or comple- ‘ons. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. 1. The wave function of a particle is ¢?(#*-0, Questions 4-5, where x is distance, 1 is time, and k and a 7 i * The magnitude of the Earth's gravitational force on the poate seal menberas The -vomponeme ch point massis F(r), where r is the distance from the Pt Earth's center to the point mass. Assume the Earth is a @o homogeneous sphere of radius R. @®) ho © hk m * hk © 5. Suppose there is a very small shaft in the Barth such 2. The longest wavelength x-ray that can undergo that the point mass can be placed at a radius of R/2. Bragg diffraction in a crystal for a given family of planes of spacing d is cy @ RoR Bin © © ©) ®) 4d 2 © 3. The ratio of the energies of the K characteristic xrays of carbon (2 = 6) to those of magnesium (Z = 12)is most nearly “ ® ol GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. @)2 @4 4Leds 6, Two wedges, each of mass m, are placed next to cach other on a flat floor. A cube of mass Mis balanced on the wedges as shown above. Assume no friction between the cube and the wedges, but a coefficient of static friction jx < 1. between the ‘wedges and the floor. What is the largest M_ that can be balanced as shown without motion of the ‘wedges? a) a () All Mf will balance. m m 7, Acylindrical tube of mass M can slide on a hori zontal wire, Two identical pendulums, each of mass ‘m and length , hang from the ends of the tube, ‘as shown above. For small oscillations of the pendu- ums in the plane of the paper, the eigenfrequencies, of the normal modes of oscillation of this system arco, [EM +2 | ana wit o Jeo GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.8. A solid cone hangs from a frictionless pivot at the origin O, as shown above. If 7, j, and & are ‘unit vectors, and a, 6, and c are positive constants, which of the following forves F applied to the rim of the cone at a point P results in a torque r on the ‘cone with a negative component t,? (A) F = al, P is (0,5,-c) (B) F = -al, P is (0, ~b,-c) © F = aj, P is (-8,0,-c) ©) F =a}, P is (6,0,-c) © F = ~ah, P is (~6,0,-c) . A coaxial cable having radii a,b, and ¢ carries ‘equal and opposite currents of magnitude i on the inner and outer conductors. What is the ‘magnitude of the magnetic induction at point P outside of the cable at a distance r from the Bing (a) zero) Ho) ME Bol cP poi = BF oer ae © der TB GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.q 4 05a a 15a 10. Two positive charges of q and 2 coulombs are located on the x-axis at x = 0.5a and 1.Sa, respectively, as shown above. There is an infinite, ‘grounded conducting plane at x = 0. What is the ‘magnitude of the net force on the charge q? LL, The capacitor in the circuit shown above is initially charged, Afier closing the switch, how much time elapses until one-half of the capacitor’s initial stored energy is dissipated? (A) RC RC 8 > of (D) 2RC In) ) RC # 2) 12, Two large conducting plates form a wedge of angle a as shownvin the diagram above. The plates are insulated from each other; one has @ potential Vo ‘and the other is grounded. Assuming that the plates are large enough so that the potential difference between them is independent of the eylindrical coor- dinates z and p, the potential anywhere between the plates as a function ofthe angle « is w w " Vou ot 2 oe © GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.13, Listed below are Maxwell's equations of electromag- netism. If magnetic monopoles exist, which of these ‘equations would be INCORRECT? =54+2 Lowi <3 4+ Ht, Cute = -B ML. divD = p IV. divB=0 (A) LV only (B) Land It (© Land 1 (D) Mand IV © Mandtv 14, The total energy of a blackbody radiation source is collected for one minute and used to heat water. The temperature of the water increases from 20.0 °C to 20.5°C. IF the absolute temperature of the blackbody + doubled and the experiment repeated, which of the following statements would be most nearly corre? (A) ine temperature of the water would increase from 20°C to a final temperature of 21 °C. (B) The temperature of the water would increase from 20°C to a final temperature of 24 °C. (©) The temperature of the water would increase from 20 °C to a final temperature of 28 °C. (D) The temperature of the water would increase from 20 °C to a final temperature of 36 °C. (E) The water would boil within the one-minute time period. OWRMTO 15, A classical model of a diatomic molecule is a springy dumbbell, as shown above, where the dumbbell is. free to rotate about axes perpendicular to the spring. In the-Timit of high temperature, what is the speci heat per mole at constant volume? wir w ga © JR 3r @ ie 16. 17, ‘An engine absorbs heat at a temperature of ‘727 Cand exhausts heat at a temperature of 527°C. Ifthe engine operates at maximum possible efficiency, for 2000 joules of heat ‘input the amount of work the engine performs is most nearly (A) 4007 (B) 14503 (©) 16005 (D) 2000 3 (8) 27603 ‘The outputs of two electrical oscillators are compared on an oscilloscope screen. The oscilloscope spot is initially at the center of the screen, Oscillator Y is, ‘connected to the vertical terminals of the oscillo- scope and oscillator to the horizontal terminals, ‘Which of the following patterns could appear on the oscilloscope screen, if the frequency of oscillator ¥ is twice that of oscillator X°? O WS ‘@ ©) ‘© GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. s.18. In transmitting high frequency signals on a coaxial cable, itis important that the cable be terminated at ‘an end with its characteristic impedance in order to avoid (A) Jeakage of the signal out of the cable (B) overheating of the cable (C) reflection of signals from the terminated end of the cable (D) attenuation of the signal propagating in the cable (B) production of image currents in the outer conductor 19. Which of the following is most nearly the mass of the Earth? (The radius of the Earth is about 64 x 10° meters.) (A) 6 10" kg (B) 6 x 10 kg © 6 x 10% kg, (©) 6 x 10" kg, (©) 6 x 10% kg hdd 20, Ina double-slit interference experiment, d is the distance between the centers of the slits and w is the width of each slit, as shown in the figure above. For incident plane waves, an interference maximum. ‘on a distant screen will be “missing” when (A) d= 2 ®) d= Jin © a=W (©) 24 = 3w (©) 3d = 2 2 21. A soap film with index of refraction greater than air is formed on a circular wire frame that is held in a vertical plane. The film is viewed by reflected light from a white-light source. Bands of color are observed at the lower parts of the soap film, but the area near the top appears black. A correct explanation for this ‘phenomenon would involve which of the following? 1. The top of the soap film absorbs all of the light incident on it; none is transmitted, I. The thickness of the top part of the soap film hhas become much less than a wavelength of visible light. IIL. There is @ phase change of 180° forall wave- Jengths of light reflected from the front surface of the soap film. IV. There is no phase change for any wavelength of light reflected from the back surface of the soap film. (A) Lonly (B) Iand IM only (© Il and IV only (D) 1, Ml, and HE ©) Ti, Til, and IV 22 A simple telescope consists of two convex lenses, the objective and the eyepiece, which have a com- mon focal point P, as shown in the figure above. If the focal length of the objective is 1.0 meter and the angular magnification of the telescope is 10, ‘what is the optical path length between objective and eyepiece? @& o1m @) 09m © 10m ©) tim © 10m 23. The Fermi temperature of Cu is about 80,000 K. Which of the following is most nearly equal to the average speed of a conduction electron in Cu? (A) 2 x 107? mjs (B) 2mys © 2x 10 ms {D) 2 x 10* m/s (B) 2 x 10°m/s GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE24, Solid argon is held together by which of the following bonding mechanisms? (A) Tonic bond only (B) Covalent bond only (©) Partly covalent and partly ionic bond (D) Metallic bond (©) van der Waals bond 25. In experiments located deep underground, the two types of cosmic rays that most commonly reach the experimental apparatus are (A) alpha particles and neutrons (B) protons and electrons (© iron nuclei and carbon nuclei (D) muons and neutrinos ) positrons and electrons login 2= 0.30; logy ¢ =043) 10 ‘Counts per Minute lL 9 i 20 30 40 Time (minutes) 26. A radioactive nucleus decays, with the activity shown in the graph above. The halflife of the nucleus is (A) 2min ®) Tmin © i min D) 18 min (B) 23 min 27. Ifa freely moving electron is localized in space to within Axo of x, its wave funetion can be described by a wave packet WO) = FE el OM Fc, where Fk) is peaked around a central value ko. Which of the following is most nearly the width of the peak in k? ©) ak = (23) * © Ak= fag + ay 28. A system is known to be in the normalized state described by the wave function L 0,9) =e (S¥P + ¥8 2%, v6.0) Tae re where the ¥9(6, 9) are the spherical harmonics. The probability of finding the system in a state with azimuthal orbital quantum number m = 3 is (a) 0 ® o ©) ® GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 3i Pe v4 29, An attractive, one-dimensional square well has depth Vo as shown above. Which of the following best shows a posible wave function for a bound state “ | | ®) o caneress! a @) ® I 30. Given that the binding energy of the hydrogen atom round state is Ey = 13.6 eV, the binding energy of the = 2 state of positronium (positron-electron system) is (A) 8B ® 4B O% 2 oF? 31. In.a 3S state of the helium atom, the possible values of the total electronic angular momentum quantum number are (A) Oonly (8) Lonly (©) Oand | only (D) 0,},and 1 () 0, 1,and2 Questions 32-33 500 R RsZ60Q RZ300 30V R330 In the circuit shown above, the resistances are ‘given in ohms and the battery is assumed ideal with, emf equal to 3.0 volts. 32, The resistor that dissipates the most power is AR BR CR @) RE) Rs 33. The voltage across resistor Ry is (A) 04V (B) 06V (©) 12 (B) V5 ©) 30 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.34, A conducting cavity is driven as an electro~ ‘magnetic resonator. If perfect conductivity is assumed, the transverse and normal field com- ponents must obey which of the following con- ditions at the inner cavity walls? (A) En = 0, Bn = 0 (B) En = 0, By, =0 © F =0,8, =0 D) £ = 0,8, =0 (B) None of the above 35. Light of wavelength 5200 angstroms is incident ‘normally on a transmission diffraction grating with 2000 lines per centimeter. The first-order diffraction ‘maximum is at an angle, with respect to the incident beam, that is most nearly “as @ 6 © 9 @) 12 ® 1s 36. A plane-polarized electromagnetic wave is incident normally on a Mat, perfectly conducting surface. Upon reflection at the surface, which of the following is true? (A) Both the electric vector and magnetic vector are reversed. (B) Neither the electric vector nor the magnetic vector is reversed, (O) The electric vector is reversed; the magnetic vector is not. (D) The magnetic vector is reversed; the electric vector is not. (E) The directions of the electric and magnetic vectors are interchanged, 0 8%, Hk 37. Ax® meson (rest-mass energy 135 MeV) is moving ‘with velocity 0.8¢ f in the laboratory rest frame ‘when it decays into two photons, 7, and 73. In the x? rest frame, 7; is emitted forward and 3 is emitted backward relative to the 2° direction of flight, The velocity of 72 in the laboratory rest frame is (A) = L0e @®) -02ck © +08 (D) +10 8 &) +188 38. Tau leptons are observed to have an average halflife of Af; im the frame 5, in which the leptons are at rest. In an inertial frame 2, which is moving at a speed rip relative to Sy, the leptons are observed to have an average halflife of Ar, In another inertial reference frame Ss, which is moving at a speed. 0}, relative to S, and v3 relative to 5, the leptons hhave an observed half-life of At. Which of the following is a correct relationship among two of the halflives, An, At, and At? (A) dn = dn V1 — eee ® An = AnVi= @s)/e* © An= AnJT= ale (D) Ag = An V1 — eye’ © An = Anvi~ eye GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.vo £g o 39, If n is an integer ranging from 1 to infinity, isan angular frequency, and is time, then the Fourier series for a square wave, as shown above, is given by which of the following? a) HQ = 4S} sinfnaoty 7 ® vO “ary” (n+ Dor) © Ve) =4Y beosnot) T mmo tar Qn +0) cos ((2n + Door) @ vey —84 28 costo 40. A rigid cylinder rolls at constant speed without slipping on top of a horizontal plane surface. ‘The acceleration of a point on the circumtfer- cence of the eylinder at the moment when the point touches the plane is (A) directed forward {B) directed backward (C) directed up (D) directed down (©) ze10 56 ‘Questions 41-42 ‘Acoylinder with moment of inertia 4 kg « m? about a fixed axis intially rotates at 80 radians per second about this axis. A constant torque is applied to slow it down to 40 radians per second. 41. The kinetic energy lost by the cylinder is (A) 803 (B) 8003 (©) 40003 (D) 96003 (B) 19,2003 42. If the cylinder takes 10 seconds to reach 40 radians per second, the magnitude of the applied torque is (A) 80N-m ®) 40N-m (©) 32N-m (D) 16N-m ©) §N-m 43.11 GE = 0, where 1 isthe Lagrangian fora conservative system without constraints and. gy is a generalized coordinate, then the generalized momentum Py is (A) an ignorable coordinate (B) constant (©) undefined (©) equal w4(i) (E) equal to the Hamiltonian for the system GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.